query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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Rigoletto is an Italian opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi , first performance at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice , on March 11 , 1851 , libretto by Francesco Maria Piave , after Victor Hugo 's play Le Roi s ` amuse . | [
"The Italian libretto was written by Francesco Maria Piave based on the play Le roi s ` amuse by Victor Hugo . It was first performed at La Fenice in Venice on March 11 , 1851 ."
] | [
"Don Carlos ( German : Dom Karlos , Infant von Spanien ) is a historical tragedy in five acts by Friedrich Schiller , created between 1783 and 1787 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Music:",
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Obsidian is dark in color similar to rocks such as basalt . | [
"Though obsidian is dark in color similar to mafic rocks such as basalt , obsidian 's composition is extremely felsic ."
] | [
"It is most often confused with the minerals augite and biotite mica , both of which are black and can be found in granite and in charnockite ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Obsidian was valued in Stone Age cultures because , like flint , it could be fractured to produce hand axes , sharp blades or arrowheads . | [
"Obsidian was valued in Stone Age cultures because , like flint , it could be fractured to produce sharp blades or arrowheads ."
] | [
"In archaeology , a biface is a two-sided stone tool and is used as a multi purposes knife , manufactured through a process of lithic reduction , that displays flake scars on both sides ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Obsidian cores ( unworked lumps ) and blades were traded great distances inland from the coast . | [
"Obsidian cores and blades were traded great distances inland from the coast ."
] | [
"They are identical in shape and color to Ancient Egyptian beads and other beads obtained from trade with peoples from ancient cities in Baluchistan ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It consists mainly of SiO2 ( silicon dioxide ) , usually 70 % or more . | [
"Obsidian consists mainly of SiO2 ( silicon dioxide ) , usually 70 % or more ."
] | [
"Other metal oxides can be used , such as chromium oxide , to generate elemental metal ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Obsidan flows which you can hike on are found within the calderas of Newberry Volcano and Medicine Lake Volcano in the Cascade Range of western North America , and at Inyo Craters east of the Sierra Nevada in California . | [
"Obsidian flows which may be hiked on are found within the calderas of Newberry Volcano and Medicine Lake Volcano in the Cascade Range of western North America , and at Inyo Craters east of the Sierra Nevada in California ."
] | [
"Chico sits on the Sacramento Valley floor close to the foothills of the Cascade range and the Sierra Nevada range with Little Chico Creek being the demarcation line between the Cascade range ( North of Little Chico Creek ) and the Sierra Nevada range ( South of Little Chico Creek ) ."
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Pre-Columbian Mesoamericans ' used obsidian a lot . It was carved and worked for tools and decorative objects . | [
"Pre-Columbian Mesoamericans ' use of obsidian was extensive and sophisticated ; including carved and worked obsidian for tools and decorative objects ."
] | [
"The strong and water-resistant cardboard-like bark can be easily cut , bent , and sewn , which made it a valuable building , crafting , and writing material , since pre-historic times ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Like all glass and flint , obsidian breaks with a characteristic shell-shaped fracture . | [
"Like all glass and some other types of naturally occurring rocks , obsidian breaks with a characteristic conchoidal fracture ."
] | [
"The barite crystals form a circular array of flat plates , giving the rock a shape similar to a rose blossom ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Because there is no crystal structure , obsidian blade edges can reach almost molecular thinness , leading to its ancient use as arrowheads , and its modern use as surgical scalpel blades . | [
"Because of this lack of crystal structure , obsidian blade edges can reach almost molecular thinness , leading to its ancient use as projectile points and blades , and its modern use as surgical scalpel blades ."
] | [
"In archaeology , a tool stone is a type of stone that is used to manufacture stone tools . Alternately , the term can be used to refer to stones used as the raw material for tools ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Obsidian is metastable at the earth 's surface : over time the glass becomes fine-grained crystals . So , no obsidian is older than Cretaceous age . | [
"Because obsidian is metastable at the Earth 's surface ( over time the glass becomes fine-grained mineral crystals ) , no obsidian has been found that is older than Cretaceous age ."
] | [
"Mafic lava , before cooling , has a low viscosity , in comparison to felsic lava , due to the lower silica content in mafic magma ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Obsidian is used in heart surgery , as well-crafted obsidian blades have a cutting edge many times sharper than high-quality steel surgical scalpels , with the edge of the blade being only about 3 nm wide . | [
"Obsidian has been used for blades in surgery , as well-crafted obsidian blades have a cutting edge many times sharper than high-quality steel surgical scalpels , the cutting edge of the blade being only about 3 nanometers thick ."
] | [
"Stainless steel and titanium mouthpieces hold many advantages to the classic brass mouthpiece , including , anecdotally , a much more centered feel and sound , as stainless steel and titanium do not absorb as many vibrations as brass ; they require much less care ; etc. , but they are much more expensive ( titaniu... | SimpleWiki | {
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Yellowstone National Park has a mountainside containing obsidian between Mammoth Hot Springs and the Norris Geyser Basin , and deposits can be found in many other western US states including Arizona , Colorado , Texas , Utah , Oregon and Idaho . | [
"Yellowstone National Park has a mountainside containing obsidian located between Mammoth Hot Springs and the Norris Geyser Basin , and deposits can be found in many other western U.S. states including Arizona , Colorado , New Mexico , Texas , Utah , Washington , Oregon and Idaho ."
] | [
"The Lost Jim Lava Flow north of Kuzitrin Lake is a lava field formed roughly 1,000 to 2,000 years ago , which covers roughly 88 s. Several geothermal hot springs are located throughout the peninsula , including Serpentine Hot Springs , Pilgrim Hot Springs , Granite Mountain , Elim , Clear Creek and Lava Creek ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Each volcano and in some cases each volcanic eruption produces a distinguishable type of obsidian . So archaeologists can trace the origins of a particular artifact . | [
"Each volcano and in some cases each volcanic eruption produces a distinguishable type of obsidian , making it possible for archaeologists to trace the origins of a particular artifact ."
] | [
"Because obsidian is metastable at the Earth 's surface ( over time the glass becomes fine-grained mineral crystals ) , no obsidian has been found that is older than Cretaceous age ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Obsidian can be found in locations which have experienced rhyolitic ( high silicate ) eruptions . | [
"Obsidian can be found in locations which have experienced rhyolitic eruptions ."
] | [
"Water and other volatiles can more easily and gradually escape from mafic lava , so eruptions of volcanoes made of mafic lavas are less explosively violent than felsic-lava eruptions ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Even the sharpest metal knife has a jagged , irregular blade when viewed under a strong enough microscope . When examined under an electron microscope an obsidian blade is still smooth and even . | [
"Even the sharpest metal knife has a jagged , irregular blade when viewed under a strong enough microscope ; when examined even under an electron microscope an obsidian blade is still smooth and even ."
] | [
"Also , the low index of refraction of calcite allows light to penetrate several millimeters into the stone before being scattered out , resulting in the characteristic waxy look which gives `` life '' to marble sculptures of the human body ."
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Modern archaeologists have developed a dating system to calculate the age of obsidian artifacts depending from the content of water in the object . | [
"Modern archaeologists have developed a relative dating system , obsidian hydration dating , to calculate the age of obsidian artifacts ."
] | [
"Interpretation is difficult due to a limited supply of evidence , based mainly on an incomplete fossil record and chemical signatures left in Cambrian rocks ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Pure obsidian is usually dark in appearance , though the color varies depending on the presence of different materials . | [
"Pure obsidian is usually dark in appearance , though the color varies depending on the presence of impurities ."
] | [
"Also , the low index of refraction of calcite allows light to penetrate several millimeters into the stone before being scattered out , resulting in the characteristic waxy look which gives `` life '' to marble sculptures of the human body ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Native American people traded obsidian throughout North America . | [
"Native American people traded obsidian throughout the Americas ."
] | [
"The kayak was invented and first used by the native Ainu , Aleut and Eskimo hunters in sub-Arctic regions of northeastern Asia , North America and Greenland ."
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Obsidian has a low water content when fresh , typically less than 1 % water by weight , but takes it in when exposed to groundwater . | [
"Obsidian has low water content when fresh , typically less than 1 % water by weight , but becomes progressively hydrated when exposed to groundwater , forming perlite ."
] | [
"The trapping efficiency of this fluid remains high , even when significantly diluted by water , as inevitably happens in wet conditions ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It possesses the property of presenting a different appearance according to the manner in which it is cut . When cut in one direction it is a beautiful jet black ; when cut across another direction it is glistening gray . | [
"It possesses the property of presenting a different appearance according to the manner in which it is cut : when cut in one direction it is jet black ; in another it is glistening gray ."
] | [
"Also , the low index of refraction of calcite allows light to penetrate several millimeters into the stone before being scattered out , resulting in the characteristic waxy look which gives `` life '' to marble sculptures of the human body ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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In some stones , inclusions of small crystals produce a snowflake pattern ( snowflake obsidian ) . | [
"In some stones , the inclusion of small , white , radially clustered crystals of cristobalite in the black glass produce a blotchy or snowflake pattern ( snowflake obsidian ) ."
] | [
"Despite its popularity over the decades , the area remains rich with chalcedony , citrine , quartz crystals , rhyolite and jasper ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Similar tracing techniques have allowed obsidian to be identified in Greece also as coming from different islands in the Aegean Sea . | [
"Similar tracing techniques have allowed obsidian to be identified in Greece also as coming from Melos , Nisyros or Yiali , islands in the Aegean Sea ."
] | [
"They primarily consist of primitive images of large animals , most of which are known from fossil evidence to have lived in the area at the time ."
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Obsidian is mineral-like , but not a true mineral because as a glass it is not crystalline . | [
"Obsidian is mineral-like , but not a true mineral because as a glass it is not crystalline ; in addition , its composition is too complex to comprise a single mineral ."
] | [
"Silicon is usually found in the form of silicon dioxide ( also known as quartz ) , and other more complex silicate minerals ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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A few samples are nearly colorless . | [
"Very few samples are nearly colorless ."
] | [
"It consists of both covers and the bands ' own songs ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Jamie Benn ( born July 18 , 1989 in Victoria , British Columbia ) is an NHL ice hockey left winger for the Dallas Stars . | [
"Jamie Benn ( born July 18 , 1989 ) is a professional ice hockey left winger currently playing for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) ."
] | [
"Eric Staal ( born October 29 , 1984 ) is a Canadian ice hockey player and the captain of the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League ."
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He played in the WHL with the Kelowna Rockets . | [
"Benn played his junior hockey with the Kelowna Rockets of the Western Hockey League ( WHL ) prior to turning professional ."
] | [
"McGee was the starting center for the University of Nevada , Reno ."
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The identity of the Balkans is dominated by its geography ; historically the area was known as a crossroads of several cultures . | [
"The identity of the Balkans is dominated by its geographical position ; historically the area was known as a crossroads of various cultures ."
] | [
"Its location in the far south of China , along the border with Vietnam , and its mountainous terrain has made it one of the border frontiers of Chinese civilisation ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The region has a combined area of 550,000 km and an approximate population of 55 million people . | [
"The region has a combined area of 550000 k and a population of 55 million people ."
] | [
"The Kara Sea is roughly 1,450 kilometres long and 970 kilometres wide with an area of around 880,000 km and a mean depth of 110 m."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about statistics:",
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The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains which run through the center of Bulgaria into eastern Serbia . | [
"The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains , which run through the center of Bulgaria into eastern Serbia ."
] | [
"Bitola is located in the southwestern part of Macedonia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It has been a meeting point between the Latin and Greek parts of the Roman Empire . It became an area where Orthodox and Catholic Christianity met , as well as the meeting point between Islam and Christianity . | [
"It has been a juncture between the Latin and Greek bodies of the Roman Empire , the destination of a massive influx of pagan Slavs , an area where Orthodox and Catholic Christianity met , as well as the meeting point between Islam and Christianity ."
] | [
"The term can also be used for the art of Eastern Orthodox states which were contemporary with the Byzantine Empire and were culturally influenced by it , without actually being part of it ( the `` Byzantine commonwealth '' ) , such as Bulgaria , Serbia , or Rus and also for the art of the Republic of Venice and Ki... | SimpleWiki | {
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The region 's principal religions are ( Eastern Orthodox and Catholic ) Christianity and Islam . | [
"The region 's principal religions are Christianity ( Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic ) and Islam ."
] | [
"The `` Yellow Hat '' sect consists of the other main school of Tibetan Buddhism :"
] | SimpleWiki | {
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A variety of different traditions of each faith are practiced , with each of the Eastern Orthodox countries having its own national church with its own patriarch . | [
"A variety of different traditions of each faith are practiced , with each of the Eastern Orthodox countries having its own national church ."
] | [
"Tamil Jains and Kannada Jains who are native to their regions , residing in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka respectively since 1st century BCE , are distinguishable from North Indian Jains in some of their routines and practices , but the core philosophies and belief systems are the same for all Jain communities ."
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The Balkans are connected by water on three sides : the Black Sea to the east and branches of the Mediterranean Sea to the south and west ( including the Adriatic , Ionian , Aegean and Marmara seas ) . | [
"The Balkan Peninsula may be defined as an area of southeastern Europe surrounded by water on three sides : the Adriatic Sea to the west , the Mediterranean Sea ( including the Ionian and Aegean seas ) to the south and the Black Sea to the east ."
] | [
"The seas off the coast of the Arabian Peninsula are ( clockwise ) : on the west the Red Sea and ( angled northeast from it on the west ) the Gulf of Aqaba ; north of the Gulf of Aqaba along the faultline of the Red Sea Rift and the Dead Sea Transform ( on the west northwest ) the Mediterranean Sea ; ( crossing eas... | SimpleWiki | {
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Trenton-Robbinsville Airport is a privately owned airport in Robbinsville , New Jersey . | [
"Trenton-Robbinsville Airport is a privately owned , public use airport in Robbinsville , New Jersey ."
] | [
"Monroe Regional Airport is a public use airport in Ouachita Parish , Louisiana , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Bironico is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland . | [
"Bironico is a village in the northern end of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland ."
] | [
"Muzzano is a municipality in the district of Lugano , in the canton of Ticino , Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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See the microformats project for details . | [
"See the microformats project for further details ."
] | [
"See software patents and free software ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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These templates ( ' and ' ) return a date , or date-time , duplicated in a hidden ISO date format , which degrades gracefully when CSS is not available . | [
"It also includes the same date ( and time ) duplicated in a hidden ( by CSS ) ISO date format , for use in microformats . This hidden date degrades gracefully when CSS is not available ."
] | [
"If necessary , one can apply sorting using a sortkey that due to CSS is not displayed : ... Javascript sorting is based on the text inside and outside the tags , without the tags themselves ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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An optional parameter , df , can be set to `` yes '' to display the day before the month . | [
"An optional parameter , df , can be set to `` y '' or `` yes '' ( or indeed any value ) to display the day before the month ."
] | [
"It takes four parameters : the number of paragraphs to generate , paragraph prefix , paragraph suffix , and an option to link lorem ipsum ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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`` Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) '' - is a song by American R&B singer Beyoncà Knowles . It was written by The-Dream , Tricky Stewart and Beyoncà Knowles for her third solo album , I Am ... Sasha Fierce ( 2008 ) . | [
"`` Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) '' is a song recorded by American R&B singer Beyoncà Knowles for her third solo album , I Am ... Sasha Fierce ( 2008 ) ."
] | [
"`` Get Me Bodied '' is a song recorded by American R&B singer Beyoncà Knowles . The song was written by Beyoncà Knowles , Sean Garrett , Solange Knowles , Angela Beyince , Makeba Riddick , and Kasseem `` Swizz Beatz '' Dean , and was produced by Swizz Beatz , Beyoncà and Sean Garrett , for Beyoncà 's second solo s... | SimpleWiki | {
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Crouy is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Crouy is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Belleau is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Bonnetan is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France . | [
"Bonnetan is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | [
"Saint-Laurent-d ` Arce is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Stephen Valentine Patrick William Allen ( born 1920 - died 2000 ) , best known as Steve Allen , was an American comedian , musician , and talk show host . | [
"Stephen Valentine Patrick William `` Steve '' Allen ( -- ) was an American television personality , musician , actor , comedian , and writer ."
] | [
"Tony Randall ( February 26 , 1920 â `` May 17 , 2004 ) was a U.S. actor , comic , producer and director ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Allen introduced many new celebrities and performers on his shows , including Jerry Lee Lewis and Jack Kerouac . He also recorded an album with Kerouac , with Kerouac reading poetry and Allen playing piano with a jazz combo . | [
"The 1985 documentary film Kerouac , the Movie starts and ends with footage of Jack Kerouac reading from On the Road as Allen accompanies on soft jazz piano from The Steve Allen Plymouth Show in 1959 ."
] | [
"Since its original album release , the song has also been released on singles , on compilation albums , and has been performed by several other artists including Jimi Hendrix , U2 , and a comic interpretation by Bill Cosby , using the opening to John Phillip Sousa 's Washington Post March as the instrumental bridg... | SimpleWiki | {
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Hideki Uchidate ( born 15 January 1974 ) is a former Japanese football player . | [
"Hideki Uchidate is a Japanese former football defender ."
] | [
"Kim Do-Keun ( born 2 March 1972 ) is a South Korean football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He has played for Urawa Red Diamonds . | [
"He spent his entire professional career at Urawa Red Diamonds from 1996 to 2008 . He is now a PR representative at Urawa ."
] | [
"Mu Kanazaki is a Japanese football player who plays for J. League club Nagoya Grampus ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Aleksandr Mostovoi ( born 22 August 1968 ) is a former Russian football player . | [
"Aleksandr Vladimirovich Mostovoi ( ; born August 22 , 1968 ) is a retired Russian footballer , who played as an attacking midfielder ."
] | [
"Hisashi Kurosaki ( born 8 May 1968 ) is a former Japanese football player ."
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The college was established in 1769 by Congregational minister Eleazar Wheelock who wanted to use the college to Christianize the Native Americans . | [
"Dartmouth College was established in 1769 by Congregational minister Eleazar Wheelock ."
] | [
"The two men toured New England and successfully raised private and public funds to found a school for deaf students in Hartford , which later became known as the American School for the Deaf ."
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Dartmouth is located on a rural 269-acre ( 1.1 km ) campus in the Upper Valley region of New Hampshire . | [
"Dartmouth is located on a rural 269 acre ( 1.1 km ) campus in the Upper Valley region of New Hampshire ."
] | [
"The main campus is located on a 1022 a site in Santa Barbara , California , 100 m northwest of Los Angeles ."
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In addition to its undergraduate liberal arts program , Dartmouth has medical , engineering , and business schools , as well as 19 graduate programs in the arts and sciences . | [
"It comprises a liberal arts college , Dartmouth Medical School , Thayer School of Engineering , and Tuck School of Business , as well as 19 graduate programs in the arts and sciences ."
] | [
"Silliman offers programs in the early childhood , elementary , secondary , undergraduate and graduate levels ."
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With a total enrollment of 5,848 , Dartmouth is the smallest school in the Ivy League . | [
"With an undergraduate enrollment of 4,196 and a total student enrollment of 5,987 , Dartmouth is the smallest school in the Ivy League ."
] | [
"With more than 18,000 students , St. Cloud State has Minnesota 's second-highest university enrollment ."
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Dartmouth 's 34 varsity sports teams compete in the Ivy League conference of the NCAA Division I. Students are also well-known for preserving a variety of strong campus traditions . | [
"Dartmouth 's 34 varsity sports teams compete in the Ivy League conference of the NCAA Division I. Students are well-known for preserving a variety of strong campus traditions ."
] | [
"For the ball sport played in the Commonwealth previously known as `` women 's basketball '' , see netball Women 's basketball is one of the few women 's sports that developed in tandem with its men 's counterpart ."
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In 2004 , Booz Allen Hamilton selected Dartmouth College as a model of institutional endurance `` whose record of endurance has had implications and benefits for all American organizations , both academic and commercial , '' citing Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward and Dartmouth 's successful self-reinvention in the late 1800s . | [
"In 2004 , Booz Allen Hamilton selected Dartmouth College as a model of institutional endurance `` whose record of endurance has had implications and benefits for all American organizations , both academic and commercial , '' citing Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward and Dartmouth 's successful self-reinvent... | [
"Wisconsin , along with Minnesota and Michigan , was among the Midwestern leaders in the emergent American state university movement following the Civil War in the United States . By the turn of the century , education in the state advocated the `` Wisconsin Idea '' , which emphasized for service to the people of t... | SimpleWiki | {
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Dartmouth alumni , from Daniel Webster to the many donors in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries , have been famously involved in their college . | [
"Dartmouth alumni , from Daniel Webster to the many donors in the 19th and 20th centuries , have been famously involved in their college ."
] | [
"Founded in 1829 by Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada Sir John Colborne , UCC is the oldest independent school in the province of Ontario , the third oldest in the country , and is described as one of Canada 's most prestigious preparatory schools , having many of Canada 's most powerful and wealthy as graduates ... | SimpleWiki | {
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Dartmouth College is a private , coeducational university located in Hanover , New Hampshire . | [
"Dartmouth College is a private , Ivy League university in Hanover , New Hampshire , United States ."
] | [
"North Carolina State University at Raleigh is a public , coeducational , extensive research university located in Raleigh , North Carolina , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Incorporated as `` Trustees of Dartmouth College , '' it is a member of the Ivy League and one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution . | [
"Incorporated as `` Trustees of Dartmouth College , '' it is one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution ."
] | [
"The University of Wisconsinâ `` Green Bay ( also known as UWâ `` Green Bay , UWGB or GB ) is a public university located in Green Bay , Wisconsin , USA . It is part of the University of Wisconsin System ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Passy-en-Valois is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Passy-en-Valois is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Mont-d ` Origny is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Leonardo Araà jo ( born 5 September 1969 ) is a former Brazilian football player . | [
"Leonardo Nascimento de Araà jo , known simply as Leonardo ( born 5 September 1969 in Niterà i , Brazil ) , is a football manager and a former midfielder , serving as head coach of Internazionale ."
] | [
"Valdney Freitas da Matta ( born April 20 , 1971 ) is a former Brazilian football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Both parts used to be united , although historically part of India ; today West Bengal is part of India and East Bengal is Bangladesh . | [
"In spite of a last ditch effort to form a United Bengal , when India gained independence in 1947 , Bengal was partitioned along religious lines . The western part went to India ( and was named West Bengal ) while the eastern part joined Pakistan as a province called East Bengal ( later renamed East Pakistan , givi... | [
"Azad Kashmir is considered politically , constitutionally and geographically part of a separate state , i.e. , Azad Jammu and Kashmir ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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They remained with the group until it dissolved in 1951 , producing free-form , spontaneous images in strong , fantastic colors . | [
"They remaining with the group until it dissolved in 1951 , producing free-form , spontaneous images in strong , fantastic colors ."
] | [
"It was a surreal short of pulsating lumps of clay set to music in a parody of Walt Disney 's Fantasia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Else Alfelt encouraged Pedersen to paint , and he first exhibited at the Artists ' Autumn Exhibition ( Kunstnernes Efterà rsudstilling ) in Copenhagen in 1936 , where he showed four abstract works . | [
"Alfelt encouraged Pedersen to paint , and he first exhibited at the Artists ' Autumn Exhibition ( Kunstnernes Efterà rsudstilling ) in Copenhagen in 1936 , where he showed four abstract works ."
] | [
"Dahlerup , who specialised in Italian Renaissance style design had previously designed the Hotel Dâ Angleterre , the Jesus Church in Valby , the National Gallery , and the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek , amongst others ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He joined the HÃ st group during the Nazi occupation of Denmark , writing about medieval Danish murals for its journal , Helhesten , and continued to produce controversial modern abstract works . | [
"He joined the HÃ st group during the Nazi occupation of Denmark , writing about medieval Danish murals for its journal , Helhesten , and continued to produce seditiously modern abstract works ."
] | [
"â Before World War I , Wininger lived in Chernivtsi and moved to Vienna during the war years , â where he decided to write biographies of famous Jewish persons ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Pedersen and Else Alfelt were founder members of the CoBrA movement in 1948 together with Asger Jorn , Karel Appel and others . | [
"He and his wife were founder members of the CoBrA movement in 1948 ."
] | [
"Claesson was born on June 2 , 1928 in Huddinge , south of Stockholm . He attended the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts between 1947 and 1952 , during which time he began to illustrate Swedish literature such as the novels of Per Anders Fogelstrà m. Claesson was the father of actor Leif Claesson ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He won the Thorvaldsen Medal in 1963 . | [
"He won the Thorvaldsen Medal ion 1963 ."
] | [
"Von Arent died in Bonn on 14 October 1956 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Carl-Henning Pedersen ( 23 September 1913 -- 20 February 2007 ) was a Danish painter and a key member of the COBRA movement which existed from 1948 to 1951 . | [
"Carl-Henning Pedersen ( 23 September 1913 -- 20 February 2007 ) was a Danish painter and a key member of the COBRA movement ."
] | [
"Hans Kleppen ( 16 March 1907 -- 12 April 2009 ) was a Norwegian ski jumper who competed in the late 1920s ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Pedersen was known for resisting to sell his works . Instead , he donated thousands to the Carl-Henning Pedersen and Else Alfelt Museum , which opened in Herning in 1976 . | [
"Notorious for resisting selling his works , he donated thousands to the Carl-Henning Pedersen and Else Alfelt Museum , which opened in Herning in 1976 ."
] | [
"The family moved in 1941 to an apartment on the Dalagatan , with a view over Vasaparken , where Astrid lived until her death in 2002 , at the age of 94 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Pedersen moved to Burgundy in the 1980s , but most of his work still came from Danish sources . | [
"He moved to Burgundy in the 1980s , but most of his work still came from Danish sources ."
] | [
"His successes brought him a tour of the United States in 1904 , which increased his interest in his racial heritage ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The three points of the hat represent the asses ' ears and tail worn by jesters when they first appeared . | [
"The three points of the hat represent the donkey 's ears and tail worn by jesters in earlier times ."
] | [
"A special element of the rite was a sculpted mask , put on the face of the deceased ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Jesters typically wore brightly colored clothing in a motley way . | [
"Jesters are stereotypically thought to have worn brightly colored clothes and eccentric hats in a motley pattern ."
] | [
"Pungmul performers wear a variety of colorful costumes ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Their hats , sometimes called the cap â n bells or cockscomb , were special ; made of cloth , they were floppy with three points ( liliripes ) each of which had a jingle bell at the end . | [
"Their hats were especially distinctive ; made of cloth , they were floppy with three points , each of which had a jingle bell at the end ."
] | [
"Among the Bantu Kavirondo married women wear a short fringe of black string in front and a tassel of banana fiber suspended from a girdle behind , this tassel having at a distance the appearance of a tail ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Other typical things about the jester were his constant laughter and his mock scepter , known as a bauble or maharoof . | [
"Other things distinctive about the jester were his laughter and his mock sceptre , known as a bauble or marotte ."
] | [
"Criers often dress elaborately , by a tradition dating to the 18th century , in a red and gold robe , white breeches , black boots and a tricorne hat ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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The Ishinomaki Line is a railroad line in Miyagi Prefecture , Japan . | [
"The Ishinomaki Line is a rail line in Miyagi Prefecture , Japan ."
] | [
"Kawasaki Station is a railway station of the East Japan Railway Company ( JR East ) located in Kawasaki , Kanagawa , Japan ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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The line runs from Kogota Station in Misato to Onagawa Station in Onagawa . It connects the TÅ hoku Main Line to the central coast of Miyagi Prefecture . | [
"Part of the East Japan Railway Company ( JR East ) system , it runs from Kogota Station in Misato to Onagawa Station in Onagawa , acting as a spur line from the TÅ hoku Main Line to the central coast of Miyagi Prefecture ."
] | [
"Maihama Station is a train station operated by East Japan Railway Company ( JR East ) and located in Urayasu , Chiba , Japan ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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In the U.S. state of California , U.S. Route 101 ( US 101 ) is one of the last remaining and longest U.S. Routes still active in the state , and the longest highway of any kind in California . US 101 was also one of the original U.S. Routes established in 1926 . | [
"Then U.S. 101 takes an inland route through the Salinas Valley , while Highway 1 heads northwest , running along the Pacific coastline in California , parallel and to the west of U.S. 101 ."
] | [
"County Road A1A is a county road in four counties in the U.S state of Florida . The route is discontinuous and functions as a spur of State Road A1A ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The Class 185 ( branded by its operators as the Pennine Class 185 ) is a diesel multiple-unit passenger train built by Siemens in Germany for the British train operating company First TransPennine Express . | [
"The Class 185 is a diesel multiple-unit passenger train of the Desiro type built by Siemens in Germany for the British train operating company First TransPennine Express ."
] | [
"The Electrostar family , which also includes Classes 357 , 376 , 377 , 378 and 379 , is the most numerous type of EMU introduced since the privatisation of British Rail ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Transportation:",
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Carcagny is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"Carcagny is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Trois-Monts ( French for three-mountains ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Biberach ( ` bi : bÉ rax ) is a district in Baden-W Ã 1\/4 rttemberg , Germany . | [
"Biberach is a district in Baden-W Ã 1\\/4 rttemberg , Germany ."
] | [
"GÃ ppingen is a city in southern Germany , part of the Stuttgart Region of Baden-W Ã 1\\/4 rttemberg ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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At first , the coat of arms of the city showed an eagle as well as a beaver as a canting symbol . | [
"Originally the coat of arms of the city showed an eagle as well as a beaver as a canting symbol ."
] | [
"In the top cantons , like a guard , there appears the hilts of a saber and a foil , with their sharp points emerging in lower part of the shield ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The crosier symbolises the monasteries of the area . | [
"The crosier symbolises the monasteries of the region ."
] | [
"They wrote about the history of Jesus Christ , that of the Church and that of their patrons , the dynastic history of the local rulers ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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It is surrounded by ( from the south and clockwise ) the districts of Ravensburg , Sigmaringen , Reutlingen and Alb-Donau , and the Bavarian districts Neu-Ulm , Unterallgà u and the district-free city Memmingen . | [
"It is bounded by ( from the south and clockwise ) the districts of Ravensburg , Sigmaringen , Reutlingen and Alb-Donau , and the Bavarian districts Neu-Ulm , Unterallgà u and the district-free city Memmingen ."
] | [
"Eichstà tt ( , formerly also Eichstà dt or Aichstà dt ) is a city in the federal state of Bavaria , Germany , and capital of the District of Eichstà tt ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The district has hilly countryside between the rivers of the Danube and the Iller . | [
"The district consists of hilly countryside between the rivers of the Danube and the Iller ."
] | [
"The main river crossing the county is the BuzÄ u River which collects many small rivers from the mountains and flows to the East into the Siret River ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Its area is only 1.4 km , but it is famous for Neolithic findings and birds that are not seen a lot . | [
"Its area is only 1.4 km , but it is famous for Neolithic findings and rare birds ."
] | [
"The area 's numerous underground water springs explain its attractiveness for settlement ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Another river is the Rià , an affluent of the Danube crossing the district from south to north . | [
"Another river is the Riss , an affluent of the Danube crossing the district from south to north ."
] | [
"The southern coast runs roughly northwest-southeast , connects these two river mouths and is punctuated by the mouth of a third river , the River Nene ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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The most important towns in the district of Biberach are Biberach ( Rià ) , Riedlingen , Ochsenhausen and Laupheim . | [
"The major towns in the district of Biberach are Biberach an der Riss , Riedlingen , Ochsenhausen and Laupheim ."
] | [
"Filderstadt was created as a town in 1975 from five smaller villages called Bernhausen , Bonlanden , Plattenhardt , Sielmingen and Harthausen ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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The series finale was scheduled for May 8 2006 ; however , the show was renewed by the CW Television Network when the intended final episode received high ratings . | [
"The series finale was scheduled for May 8 , 2006 ; however , the show was renewed by the CW when the intended final episode received high ratings ."
] | [
"in the U.S. due to the special fund-raising concert that aired on UPN at the same time that the first edition would have gone out , resulting in only the second hour of the show being shown on UPN ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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7th Heaven was an American television series about a Protestant minister 's family living in the fictional town of Glenoak , California . It was created and produced by Brenda Hampton . | [
"7th Heaven is an American family drama television series , created and produced by Brenda Hampton ."
] | [
"William Pierce `` Will '' Truman is a fictional character on the American sitcom Will & Grace , portrayed by Eric McCormack ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The series premiered on Monday August 26 1996 , on the WB Television Network , the first time that the WB aired Monday night programming . | [
"The series premiered on August 26 , 1996 , on the WB , the first time that the network aired Monday night programming , and was originally broadcast from August 26 , 1996 to May 13 , 2007 ."
] | [
"Despite much publicity concerning an improved format and better stunts for Season Six , NBC put the struggling program on hiatus for the remainder of the season to make room for the sitcom Joey , which was removed from the NBC lineup a few weeks later ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Entertainment:",
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Chuck Lorre ( born Charles Michael Levine on October 18 , 1952 ) is a writer , director , producer and composer who has worked on many American sitcoms , including Grace Under Fire , Dharma & Greg , Two and a Half Men , The Big Bang Theory and Mike & Molly . | [
"Chuck Lorre ( born Charles Michael Levine October 18 , 1952 ) is a writer , director , producer and composer who has created many American sitcoms , including Grace Under Fire , Cybill , Dharma & Greg , Two and a Half Men and The Big Bang Theory ."
] | [
"Peter Abbay ( born Peter Martin Jewitt ; May 3 , 1966 ) is an American actor who has appeared on several TV shows , such as House , Punk 'd , and Another World ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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James Joseph Wisniewski ( born February 21 , 1984 in Canton , Michigan ) is an NHL ice hockey defenceman for the Montreal Canadiens . | [
"James Joseph Wisniewski ( born February 21 , 1984 ) is an American professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Montreal Canadiens of the NHL ."
] | [
"Michael James Grier ( born January 5 , 1975 in Detroit , Michigan ) is a professional ice hockey forward who currently plays for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Wisniewski also played for the Chicago Blackhawks for 4 seasons , the Anaheim Ducks for 2 seasons and the New York Islanders for 1 season before being traded to the Montreal Canadiens on December 28 , 2010 for a second-round pick in the 2011 draft and conditional 5th round pick in the 2012 draft . | [
"On December 28 , 2010 , he was traded to the Montreal Canadiens for second-round pick in the 2011 draft and conditional 5th round pick in the 2012 draft ."
] | [
"On June 25 , 2010 , during the 2010 NHL Entry Draft , Grabner was traded , along with Steve Bernier and the Canucks first round choice in the draft , the twenty-fifth selection ( used to select Quinton Howden ) to the Florida Panthers for Keith Ballard and Victor Oreskovich ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Monterrey is a city in northern Mexico . | [
"Monterrey is also Mexico 's second largest economy with an estimated GDP of 105 billion . Monterrey is one of Mexico 's most developed cities with one of the highest per capita incomes in the nation ."
] | [
"This city is the capital of Santiago Province ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Lin Shu ( 8 November 1852 , Fuzhou â '' 9 October 1924 , Beijing ) was a Chinese translator from Fujian . | [
"Lin Shu ( , November 8 , 1852 â '' October 9 , 1924 ) , courtesy name Qinnan ( ç å -- ) , was a Chinese man of letters , most famous for his introducing Western literature to a whole generation of Chinese readers , despite his ignorance of any foreign language ."
] | [
"OgyÅ `` Sorai ( March 21 , 1666 , Edo , Japan -- February 28 , 1728 , Edo ) , pen name Butsu Sorai , was a Japanese Confucian philosopher ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Philosophy:"
} |
He worked with others to translate more than 170 titles ( mostly novels ) from English and French to Chinese . | [
"He collaborated with others to translate eventually more than 170 titles , mostly novels , from English or French into Literary Chinese ."
] | [
"Ebner 's poetry is written in German and Catalan ; he also translates French and Catalan literature into German ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Angerville , Calvados is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"Angerville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Sainte-Marie-Outre-l ` Eau is a French commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:"
} |
Gauchy is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Gauchy is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Belleu is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:"
} |
Hurricane Beulah was the most notable Atlantic hurricane of 1967 . A Category 5 hurricane , it killed 58 and made $ 217 million ( $ 1.2 billion in 2005 US dollars ) in damage as it crossed the Yucatà n Peninsula and then made landfall a second time near the mouth of the Rio Grande river . | [
"Ultimately , Hurricane Beulah caused 58 deaths and $ 217 million in damage ( $ 1.4 billion in 2010 USD ) ."
] | [
"The remnant area of low pressure drifted northward into the Bay of Campeche , and reorganized on November 3 into a tropical storm while 150 mi ( 240 km ) southwest of Mà rida , Yucatà n. Mitch moved to the northeast , making landfall on the Yucatà n Peninsula near Campeche on November 4 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Weather:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Weather:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
A Category 5 hurricane , it killed 58 and made $ 217 million ( $ 1.2 billion in 2005 US dollars ) in damage as it crossed the Yucatà n Peninsula and then made landfall a second time near the mouth of the Rio Grande river . | [
"A Category 5 hurricane , it killed 58 people and did $ 217 million ( $ 1.2 billion in 2005 US dollars ) in damage as it crossed the Yucatà n Peninsula and then made landfall a second time near the mouth of the Rio Grande ."
] | [
"It slowly moved over land , causing 48 hours of strong winds , and moved back offshore into the Atlantic on August 20 , bypassing southern New England by August 22 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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"neg": "Represent the text about Weather:"
} |
The season was fairly average , with eight storms forming . | [
"The season was near average , with eight storms forming ."
] | [
"Early signs showed the team were , rather disappointingly , delivering similar performances to the previous year , scoring a small tally of points in the opening rounds ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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} |
CricquebÅ `` uf is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"CricquebÅ `` uf is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Notre-Dame-d ` Estr à es is a commune in the department of Calvados in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:"
} |
Giacomo della Porta ( c. 1533 -- 1602 ) was an Italian architect and sculptor , who worked for many important buildings in Rome , including St. Peter 's Basilica . | [
"Giacomo della Porta ( c. 1533 -- 1602 ) was an Italian architect and sculptor , who worked on many important buildings in Rome , including St. Peter 's Basilica ."
] | [
"The Academy has its origins in the Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei ( `` Pontifical Academy of the New Lynxes '' ) , founded in 1847 intended as a more closely supervised successor to the Accademia dei Lincei ( `` Academy of Lynxes '' ) established in Rome in 1603 , by the learned Roman Prince , Federico Cesi... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about History:",
"pos": "Represent the text about History:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Herentals is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp . | [
"Herentals is a city and municipality located in Flanders , one of the three regions of Belgium , and in the Flemish province of Antwerp ."
] | [
"Zandhoven is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
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