query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why is a fly swatter so much more effective than anything else? | [
"The holes allow the air to flow through them. If it was flat, the air that builds up on the face would push the fly out of the way. At least that's how I understand it."
] | [
"They don't even know what you are. They don't understand the difference between you and an inanimate object. For all they know, your hand swatting them is an entirely different thing from your face or body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does 30C air with 100% relative humidity feel hot and sticky while 30C water in a swimming pool feels cool and not sticky? | [
"Because they're two totally different environments - one is 100% gas (albeit saturated with vapour), one is 100% liquid (water). And because of that, they have different heat transfer coefficient, so your heat exchange rate with them is dramatically different. Also, your sweat will be carried out with ease when in... | [
"In the air. The air is full of water vapour. Water vapour is transparent to the human eye, so we can't see it. And no, the steam from the kettle is not vapour, it's tiny droplets of liquid water, that's why you see it. Same happens with the clouds, btw. So, the vapour is in the air. If you didn't have a dehumidifi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Copyright/Legal issues with music covers | [
"The U.S. copyright law specifically allows anybody to perform another's song. However, the original writer retains the right to release their performance first. So if you heard a song live that the band hadn't released yet, and you covered it and put it on youtube, they could tell you to take it down until their a... | [
"Getty Images, Inc. is stock photo agency, which is also a supplier of stock images for business and consumers. So Whenever book uses their images they need to give credits. P.S. *Who is Mr. Page you see in every corner of every damn sheet.* Edit: Agency's owners name is MARK GETTY."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What would we see if we stand at the edge of the universe and face outside? | [
"There is no edge to the Universe. If you stood at the edge of the *observable* universe, you would see essentially the same thing you see here; a Hubble volume, with the Milky Way obscured behind the CMB, and a bunch of isotropic, homogeneous galaxies."
] | [
"You can see it at any height. If you stand on the shore and watch a ship sink below the horizon, you are witnessing the curvature of the Earth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Stock options with a private startup company that subsists completely off of prospect investors? | [
"A private company can have stock. The difference is that with a public company, you can just buy their stock at a stock exchange. With a private company, you'd have to acquire stock directly from a current stockholder. The price is determined in exactly the same way anything else is: whatever the seller and buyer ... | [
"They may be independently wealthy, perhaps from a previous company (Elon Musk, Steve Jobs) or inheritance They may be taking out lots of loans to finance their lifestyle They may own a great deal of stock, which they can sell or borrow against, despite not having a salary They company may loan them money in lieu o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does a 4 oz (112 g) chicken breast have only 110 calories when protein is 4 cal/g and fat is 9 cal/g? | [
"A chicken breast isn't 100% protein. Usually, meat has around 20% protein content. Like human tissue, chicken meat also consists of a large amount of water, and water doesn't contain any calories."
] | [
"You can eat as much butter as you want, no law against it. But from a dietary standpoint, butter is almost pure fat, whereas cheese is not pure fat. One oz. of cheese has 9 g of fat, 7 g of protein, and < .5 g of carbs. One tbsp (14 g, about 1/2 oz.) of butter has 12 g of fat, 0 g carbs and .1 g protein."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why are fidget spinners popular? | [
"They help kids concentrate who have ADD/ADHD issues. I work at a middle school and lot of kids have them, and have seen improvement in their school work, surprisingly. However, its become a toy. The kid in the class who has one will attract the attention of everyone around them, making them a nuisance sometimes i... | [
"Why do you have so many lips and chins?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
Black vs African American | [
"\"African-American\" is not an all inclusive term for all people of African descent, rather it only applies to Americans who were descendant from slavery. They have no better words to describe their ethnicity like others can call themselves \"Irish-American\" (yes, people actually do distinguish themselves for the... | [
"Because people call it racist if it's anything other than british or american. See Also: Nute Gunray and Jar Jar Binks"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why cant iOS developers just write a app to jailbreak any ios device and just have individuals sign it themselves in xcode? | [
"The difficulty in jailbreaking is not to get an application to run, it is in finding a way to trick the operating system into allowing the application to permanently modify the operating system itself. In other words, the range of functions that an application can perform is limited. It's in a \"jail\" of sorts wh... | [
"\"Bluestacks is an American mobile company that produces the BlueStacks App Player and the GamePop microconsole. Both products are designed to enable Android applications to run on Windows PCs,\" he must have coded his virus in an android coding langue and needed to get your computer to be able to run his program.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why cockroaches can survive nuclear Holocaust. | [
"Radiation damages cells when they divide. Humans have cells that are constantly dividing, so radiation is dangerous to them at pretty much any point. Roaches don't have as much cell division going on as humans. Instead, their cells tend to divide in spurts when they are molting (shedding their old exoskeleton so t... | [
"What sounds worst? Plant-eating bacteria or flesh-eating bacteria?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why don't rich tech companies like Apple invest HUGE amounts of cash into battery research? | [
"They do allocate massive amounts of money into the development of battery technology. They develop each upgrade of battery that their various devices use."
] | [
"Corporate profits *are* reinvested into the economy. When Apple opens a new store or starts development on new products with their profits, the money starts circulating again. Companies don't just hoard money; they invest it to continue growing their business."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does my computer know how much time is remaining for a program to be installed? | [
"It's an estimate based on how much data there is left to transfer and how fast it is currently getting done."
] | [
"For its time, it has very advanced graphics capabilities. It also was one of the first PCs to multitask. It used to be that computers could only do one thing at a time. If you want to copy a file, that is all your computer would be doing until the copy was done."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do some spicy foods burn only certain areas of the mouth or throat and not others? | [
"The source of the spicy feeling is a chemical called capsaicin, that activates receptors on the burn-sensitive nerve fibers. I doubt that the form of the spice is different between foods. The difference is more likely in how you eat it. Hot wings get the sauce all over your lips before it gets to your throat. Lips... | [
"Gum and mints have special chemicals in them that directly stimulate the cold sensors in your mouth. So, they make you feel like your mouth is cold even when it isn't. This is the same basic effect that chili peppers have but those work on your heat sensors instead of your cold sensors."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Dentistry:"
} |
Why are sewers underground and power lines above ground? | [
"Well a lot of power lines are underground now, but long transmission lines are up high for several reasons: - The transfer of electrical energy has a byproduct of generated heat. Placing the lines with plenty of moving air helps to cool the transmission element (wires) and preserve their integrity - It would be wa... | [
"A septic tank is a waste solution for buildings that are not connected to a municipal sewer system. It's a big underground tank that's connected to your toilet and you fill it up with shit. Then microbes break down the shit and toilet paper. Eventually you need to have your septic tank pumped. They are very common... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is computer memory always a power of two? | [
"The way that computers work is based on what's called \"binary.\" It's based on how things like transistors and other electronics are able to work. But, for simplicity's sake, imagine each bit like a switch connected to a lightbulb. If the switch is \"on\" the lightbulb is on, if the switch is \"off\" the lightbul... | [
"They usually have exactly what they tell you they have. However: - Marketing uses powers of 10, while the computer uses powers of 2. Your 1 GB USB (marketing) may be 1000 MB, while the computer is calculating using a 1024MB GB, so your visible size will be smaller. - Formatting of the media takes some overhead. Th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
why are we tought that stimulates like caffeine are bad for your heart when all they do is increase your heart rate? Isn't aerobic excuse doing the same thing, why are we tought that this is good for your heart? | [
"Caffeine is said (important distinction, because there's still debate on the subject) to be bad for your heart not because it increases your heart rate, but because it increases your blood pressure."
] | [
"I believe the body releases hormones that make your physical well being better after exercise and thus not having those endorphins for a while will cause withdrawal like symptoms. They improve your mood, circulation, sexual hormone intensity and also stimulate your metabolism and digestion so that your body is awa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how did hillary have like 350 delegates before any states voted? | [
"Those are the superdelegates, also called unpledged delegates, they are a way for the party to have influence on the nominee. They were introduced in the reforms after the 1968 convention, as the tradeoff for primary elections having substantially more weight in the nomination decision (decades before party VIPs ... | [
"It's a caucus, there's 3 stages. Hillary won the first stage. Not enough of her people showed up for round 2 so sanders people filled in the missing spots gaining him the victory so far. Round 3 yet to come"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do humans consider faces an important factor for attraction? | [
"Faces are where we express most of our emotions, and our brains are very good at recognising people by their face and how they feel by their facial expressions (these two things probably evolved in tandem). Because we spend a lot of time looking at faces and are able notice many minuscule facial details, it is one... | [
"Evolutionary remnant, looking into the eyes and scanning for facial expressions as well as things like posture and body language is a way to look for visual clues and a way to figure out the emotional state the person we are talking to is in. Dogs and other animals on the other hand perceive prolonged direct eye ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Animal behavior:"
} |
How a scene in Maya can take several hours to render yet a modern game can load an entire world in seconds | [
"Video game graphics are optimized to render fast, use shortcuts, and are typically lower resolution than what Maya produces."
] | [
"It means that it's generated in code rather than by an artist. It allows for a lot more variation- you could have a world that looks different every time you run the program, for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why doesn't everyone just send mail without postage and put the intended destination as the return address? | [
"You're not the first person to think of that. If you put the return address in Oregon and send it from California, they know and can charge you with fraud. Not really worth saving 40 cents."
] | [
"They basically have an agreement that the value of incoming and outgoing mail should cancel each other, if not someone is owed a big check. Lets say you have a letter to China for $1.00. It costs them $0.50, they keep the other half, to pay for incoming letters. Chinese post does the same for their interntional ma... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Kierkegaard concept of demonic despair | [
"I am aware that my parents created me, but I feel they have done a poor job. I feel like I could be a better master of myself than they if I could exist independently of them, but I know this is impossible. Thus, I am angry with them and I despair. The solution to my despair is to reconcile with my parents, but I ... | [
"Atheism was still a crime punishable by death in Scotland, although he never publicly say said he was an atheism, but his philosophy was viewed as a philosophy of an atheist. Also in contexts of philosophy, one the most important work in philosophy Kant's Critque of Pure Reason was an repudiation of Hume."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What is the difference between am automatic and a semi-automatic weapon. | [
"Automatic guns are what people commonly think of as \"machine guns\". You hold down the trigger and it fires round after round. Semi-automatic guns are most guns out there. Each trigger press fires only one round, and loads up the next one, so you can just press the trigger over and over to shoot over and over. Ot... | [
"They don't; you're thinking of a different kind of battery."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Can the United States Military see their own stealth planes on radar? | [
"Not going to happen, since it's not GTA and jets take at *least* a couple of minutes to start up. And that is if the pilot knows very well what he's doing. During flights where stealth (or rather \"low visibility\") is not required F-22 can be seen flying with decidedly non-stealthy external tanks and with special... | [
"When the US launched a raid on Osama Bin Laden, Seal Team Six breached an ally's border in a top secret stealth helicopter that had never been seen publicly before. The only reason anyone found out about it was because the helicopter crashed and though they attempted to destroy the helicopter with explosives, it w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
When I start Task Manager, and I have 1 window with 4 tabs going on Google Chrome, why do I have 33 chrome.exe under "processes"? | [
"Chrome segments more than just tabs into separate processes. Each plugin (flash, java, pdf viewer, etc.) all run in their own chrome.exe process. Each tab also runs in it's own chrome.exe process, each extension (AdBlock, RES, etc.) run in their own chrome.exe, and then there's one parent chrome.exe which manages ... | [
"Folder > properties. Can't remember tab name but last one > view folder files as \"general\" not video/photo etc. This will stop windows requesting a fuck ton of info on each file."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are people with bipolar disorder much more suicidal compared to people with just major depression? | [
"I'm not a psychologist, but I did take a couple classes in college. Anyway, my bet is that it's the sharp shift from high to low. When you feel bad all the time, having a bad day isn't super hard on you. You sort of build a tolerance. Bipolar, on the other hand, is coming down from on high. Imagine having the best... | [
"Because clinical depression is extremely common (6.7% of the american population). Add people with other disorders that feature depression, and people who conflate \"I'm sad right now\" with depressed, and all of a sudden wham, a lot of people are depressed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is it worth it to buy the premium/higher octane gasoline option from a gas station, or is it a scam? | [
"Look at the owners manual of your vehicle to see what gasoline it needs. If it says 87 Octane buy 87 Octane, if it says 91, buy 91. Putting 91 Octane in a engine meant for 87 is a waste of money."
] | [
"First off, it might not be the same company. It may well be two separate companies who are reselling BP gas. But even if they are the same, that doesn't mean the expenses are the same. For example, rent may be more expensive at one location. The wholesale cost of fuel is the major costs of the price at the pump, b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do some restaurants fill their urinals with ice? | [
"Three reasons: 1. It provides a slow, constant flush 2. It gives guys a target to aim at which is not only fun but has been [proven to reduce spillage](_URL_0_) 3. Cold air is denser, so sinks. This keeps some odor in the urinal well, reducing odor in the rest of the bathroom."
] | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is California consistency ranked low in its financial position despite constantly generating the most economic activity and GDP? | [
"When you have more money going out in social welfare then comes in. California has the highest amount of homeless and low income families in the states plus thousands of undocumented immigrants and it cost alot of money to fund those things"
] | [
"It's up to the states if they want to impose an income tax or not. No income tax = less revenue but encourages people to move to the state, potentially gaining taxes from their activities in state. Without an income tax, the state needs some other way to generate revenue. Nevada, for example, has no income tax, re... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How come some smells are pleasant/unpleasant? | [
"Survival. If you think of all the unpleasant smells, they are normally associated with things you do not want to eat. For example rotten meat, if the smell wasn't bad we would be tempted to eat it and could become sick. It's our bodies way of saying \"don't put that in your mouth\" :)"
] | [
"Hot food also release more aromas into the air, making them smell and taste more appetizing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Language and culture:"
} |
How did ramen noodles become synonymous with the college experience? | [
"They're cheap as *hell,* and even the least-capable chef with what barely counts as a kitchen can cook them. They also don't need to be kept cold. An ideal fit for a dorm room lifestyle. I can't come up with another food that's so insanely cheap (amazon will sell you a package of 36 for what's basically 50 cents e... | [
"In the United States at least, the typical Chinese restaurant places a heavier emphasis on cooking things with plenty of oil and making them sweet one way or another. Chinese restauranteurs got successful with American diners when they stopped offering meats seen as questionable and started adding more sugar to th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What is "Municipal Waste" and why is it specifically labeled as such? Is it treated differently than other waste? | [
"MSW is municipal solid waste and refers to everyday household garbage. C & D waste is construction & demolitions debris. Sometimes they are separated at smaller landfills as the C & D waste has less stringent regulations for disposal."
] | [
"Making an assumption here, but you are actually paying for them to pick it up from your home. In most areas, you could take it to a recycling center or designated bin for free."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
I know there are four main blood types (O, A, B and AB) and which can give to the other, but what makes them different from each other? | [
"The immune system in your body needs to know what kinds of cells to kill and what kinds to leave alone. The cells in your body have special markers on the outside which signal to the immune system that they're ok and shouldn't be destroyed. However, not all of these markers are the same from person to person. For ... | [
"Just another fad. Your blood type simply describes the type of surface proteins your blood cells have. This is useful when receiving a blood transfusion because mixing certain types causes them to clump up (which is bad). But that's totally removed from your digestive and metabolic systems. There's seriously nothi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Besides his nomination for the Supreme Court, how could the President overturn Roe v. Wade? | [
"He would not be able to. As you stated, he has the power to appoint Supreme Court nominees, but even they must be confirmed by Congress before they take their seats. Even if a given president were somehow able to appoint all nine justices, a case similar to Roe v. Wade would have to be brought before the court for... | [
"He has, he's nominated Merrick Garland, the chief judge of the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The decision of whether to accept or reject that nomination is now in the hands of the US Senate, and they've said they won't act on it until the election has happened."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do dogs enjoy sticking their heads out of an open car window? | [
"Probably for the same reason they like being scratched behind the ears, it feels nice. Source: I stuck my head out a car window once, and it felt nice."
] | [
"In my experience? Doggie seat belts. One of my pups jumped out of my car going 40mph because she saw a horse. If dogs find a reason to evacuate a car, they will."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why are rear windshield wipers generally only standard on SUVs, vans, and trucks, all vehicles that have vertical back windows that one would think are more conducive to water rolling off of, as opposed to the slanted rear windows of most cars? | [
"Actually it's because of how the vehicle is built. It has to do with aerodynamics. Having a vertical back window and \"flat\" read end of the vehicle crates a pocket of low pressure because of the slipstream around the vehicle so any moisture sprayed up by the rear wheels is pulled into the vacuum and splattered a... | [
"In short, its cost and practicality (which are main features for lower-priced cars). Generally speaking, the hood of your car is larger than the rear portion of your car. Mid-engine cars are typically two-seaters because the engine takes up so much of the rear compartment. The only ways to compensate are to make t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What exactly is a dependent triad or "devil's tritone" in music and how does it work? | [
"When tones are played at the same time, their waves combine to form a [complex wave](_URL_0_). When the frequencies of those notes are in small ratios, like 2:1, 3:2, etc., the resulting wave is fairly simple and sounds pleasing. When the notes are in ratios involving larger numbers, like 16:15, the complex wave i... | [
"I vaguely remember my music appreciation class in college telling me that there's a mathematical reason why some chords go with others. For instance, there's a reason so many pop songs will use the i-v-vi-iv (e.g. C-G-Am-F) chord progression. Maybe someone with a more extensive background can explain further, but ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is it so important to get our wisdom teeth pulled? | [
"Dentist here, pulling wisdom teeth is not necessary. It's usually extracted in the following cases: 1. The tooth is infected 2. The tooth is impacted (only half erupted). Those almost always get infected in the future. 3. The tooth is affecting neighboring teeth (the crown of the wisdom tooth is touching the root ... | [
"To alert you quickly that they are possibly being hurt and need to be protected better at that time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why California is flooding their fields for rice during a major drought when it exports 50% of the crop? | [
"Because the price the farmers pay for water doesn't really reflect the total cost incurred from using that water. However, even if farmer's were paying the \"social cost\" of the water, they would still grow some rice for export. In a global marketplace, even with some inputs (water) being expensive, others (techn... | [
"Keep in mind that less than 10% of the water California uses is for indoor residential use. Even under the worst-case scenario, nobody is going to go thirsty or lose the ability to shower or flush the toilet. The biggest user of water is agriculture. California produces a huge percentage of the fresh fruits and ve... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Environment:"
} |
The difference between an Engineer, an Architect, and a Carpenter. | [
"Architect designs the building - considering what is needed/wanted and considers the functional use of the space, how it appears to the users of the space, and how it will be constructed and maintained. Engineer - for a building will be concerned with whether the design is safe for people to inhabit taking into ac... | [
"Maintenance. Programming. Upgrading. Designing. There will still be jobs. People will adapt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do carbonated drinks taste significantly worse when eating spicy foods? | [
"Carbonation is bubbles. Bubbles pop. That's why carbonated drinks feel tingly in your mouth. Have you ever blown bubbles outside, and had one pop close to you? Sometimes you get sprayed with the soapy water as the bubble pops. The same thing happens in your mouth. When the bubbles pop, the drink can spray the insi... | [
"Cold suppresses the taste of sweetness on the tongue. Ever taste a warm coke? It's extremely sweet, *too sweet*, but a cold coke is refreshing. More sugar is needed to sweeten a cold beverage rather than a warm beverage. For this reason, soda companies anticipate this and design their beverages such that they tast... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How many Earth years would it take us in our fastest manned-ship to travel to Tau Ceti? | [
"The Apollo 10 holds the record for the fastest manned spacecraft at 24790 mph. 12 light years= 7.05419978 × 10^13 miles 7.05419978 × 10^13 mi / 24790mph = 2845582808 Hours which equal **324622.813667 YEARS**"
] | [
"Depends how far away you are. If you were on a star 65 million light years away (this would be in very distant galaxy) you could see dinosaurs. If you were on the closest star to Earth you would see things that happened 4 years ago."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Science:"
} |
is the private sector really more efficient than the public sector? Why?! | [
"It isn't true. There is just as much fraud, waste, incompetence, and dimfuckery going on in corporations as there is in any government agency. Anyone who claims that private companies are more efficient than government agencies is either lying to promote a political agenda, has never actually worked in a private c... | [
"They provide services that the public requires and their failure might mean bad things for society as a whole. That's the argument at least. Not sure if I agree with it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do poor people tend to have way more kids than better off people? | [
"A few reasons. * Women who start having kids earlier tend to have more kids. Women who tend to start having kids earlier also tend to become poor. * If your career/lifestyle is making you happy/satisfied you don't feel the need to have kids to make you happy. Unfortunately for a lot of poor women they get their se... | [
"We have a growing population. If the economy isn't growing, then people will end up doing worse financially than those that came before them. Given the choice, most people would prefer to improve the standard of living of their nation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Sociology:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Sociology:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is "No." used as an abbreviation for "number"? | [
"\"Number\" comes from the term \"Numero\" which is abbreviated to \"No.\" Just like \"Mister\" becomes \"Mr.\""
] | [
"In the context of \"I'm going home\", \"home\" functions as an adverb modifying the verb \"going.\" Compare with other adverbs such as: \"I'm going now.\" \"I'm going quickly.\" It is not functioning as a noun in that sentence unlike \"work\", \"supermarket\" or \"Paris\" which require the addition of a prepositio... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference between manslaughter and 2nd degree murder? | [
"First degree murder is *premeditated* and *intentional* killing of another person. For example, a drug dealer wants to kill his biggest competitor & goes out looking before shooting him in the head - this shows forethought & intent. Second degree murder is *intentional* but lacks planning. For example, our drug de... | [
"* homicide - you killed someone * murder - you meant to kill someone, or could reasonably expect your actions to kill someone * voluntary manslaughter - you meant to harm someone, but accidentally killed them * involuntary manslaughter - you acted with criminal negligence, and someone died * justifiable homicide -... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do websites check if you have a valid email without you needing to press the submit button first | [
"They check for an @ symbol and a domain extension such as .com or .edu It doesn't normally do any test to check if the address is reachable etc"
] | [
"1. They get the password. If you use the same password on multiple sites and one site gets hacked, the first thing the hackers will try doing when they get the passwords is attempt to log in with the same email+password on other websites. 2. They trick the owner into giving them the password. Make a fake site that... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- How come in older cartoons, like Cow and Chicken, the adults are cut off at the waist? | [
"It is a joke about how, in most cartoons focusing on children, the adults are always seen from the waste down, never showing their face in order to show things from the child's perspective. In Cow & Chicken, they made is literal."
] | [
"Not so much anymore. A lot of modern shows use digital puppets and asset replacement to change characters' facial expressions. Just look how lazy and boring looking modern Simpsons and Family Guy are. Animation reuse, of course, goes way back. Look at old He-man episodes to see some really blatant examples."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
In honor of No-Shave November: Why are beards rough and normal hair is smooth? | [
"Two different types of hair, facial hair is androgenic hair and is associated with puberty. Pubic hair tends to be thicker than your \"normal\" or vellus hair which is what grows outside the pubic hair regions. Simply put, along with the fact that shaving and keeping it shorter does make it feel stiffer and roughe... | [
"Beard oil doesn't make you grow more hair. It keep the skin under the hair moisturized and keeps the hair silkier and less rough-feeling. Any claims that it'll cause you to grow more hair are BS. It will simply keep your existing hair in better condition."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why Do Humans Like and Dislike Different Foods? | [
"We are rigged to be trained, this is seen in chimps etc. Our mother/clan feed us stuff that is 'good' (ie they've been eating it for years and they're not dead) and we imprint on it. Unfortunately in our new environment our parents and clan feed us a confusing range of stuff, tell us off for eating stuff that they... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why did we get to keep our atmosphere while Mars' was stolen? | [
"Magnetic field. The dynamo generated by the Earth's core would have to stop for us to lose our magnetic field. This field deflects the charged particles of the solar wind, which would scour our atmosphere. This is not something that is likely to occur abruptly. Mars being smaller probably helped it cool and solidi... | [
"Yeah............. In about 1 billion years the Sun will have increased in brightness enough to boil away the oceans. Over time the atmosphere will be stripped away (Solar wind) taking the water vapour with it. Then eventually the Sun will swell into a Red Giant and engulf the Earth. If the Earth doesn't exist it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do you remove the fat and calories from whole milk? | [
"Fat is of different density than water and when left alone has a tendency to float to its top. So if you take whole milk that comes right out of a cow and let it sit for a while, the fat in it, which is the source of almost all of its calories, comes to the top and can be skimmed off. This is why they call milk wi... | [
"Sad thing that this is probably the healthiest thing I eat. Any difference when adding an egg to the instant kind?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why don't they have height classes in basketball like they have weight classes in wrestling? | [
"basketball is a team sport, the big men aren't the best in every position, usually guards are shorter and more agile, while the big men play forwards and center. a team with a few taller players doesn't necessarily have the clear dominant edge that a wrestler with 50 lbs on his opponent would have."
] | [
"The smaller ball in basketball is because their hands are smaller, and they don’t play baseball with a bigger ball, they play softball. It is two different sports; men play softball also, and the balls are the same size as women’s."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Vehicles have tires, tires wear down... Where does all of the rubber go from tires wearing down? | [
"It peels off in tiny bits. Those are called “marbles” in racing where you can actually see them after a long race when cars lose their rubber at the exact same spots over and over again. In real life you don’t see it of course because road cars don’t lose rubber that much and it constantly gets blown away by wind ... | [
"Semi's have 18 wheels. So what you are seeing is retreads. A new tire for a semi truck is very expensive, maybe $400 or $500, so they take old tires and \"retread\" them by basically hotmelting new rubber onto the old rubber. Unless this is done really well, it will eventually fall apart. But luckily, since th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why CAN'T we have the characters '\', '/', ':', '*', '?', ' < ', ' > ', '|' in a file's name in Windows? | [
"Each of them has a special meaning on the command line, so if they showed up in filenames they would lead to ambiguity. \\ is the path element separator on Windows and / is both the path separator on Unix-style systems and the normal command switch character. : is the character that indicates a drive name as well ... | [
"They're not useless. They give you the exact line the problem has occured on and the nature of the error. It is assumed that you know what you're doing and are competent enough to be aware of which keywords exist. Why did you cut off the rest of the error message you quoted: ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What exactly is Torque? | [
"Torque is a rotational force enacted on an object. Basically the same force that lets you tighten screws, use door handles, and even pedal a bicycle."
] | [
"Bot explained how bots work. Thank you Internet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If our body is made up of a new set of cells every 7 years, why do we die of old age? | [
"Eventually those cells can't replicate and repair your body anymore. The Hayflick limit is the maximum number of times a cell can divide before it finally stops. It is likely caused by special strands at the end of DNA called telomeres. These get shorter every time the cell divides until they finally run out. Canc... | [
"We don't actually die from old age. As we age, our body becomes less and less proficient at repairing the damage that our bodies inevitably suffer throughout our lives. This means that eventually something is going to happen to you that your body would have been able to recover from in your youth, but in old age y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the post about biology:"
} |
Why are human penises so long compared to most other primate penises? | [
"There's a very interesting theory about this, called the sperm (or semen) displacement theory. It goes a little something like this. Way back when, humans, and in particular, human males, weren't so much into the pair-bonding thing, and women regularly had sex with multiple men. This meant that the sperm in the wo... | [
"Because the correlation between intelligence and brain size is actually the brain size relative to body size. Sperm whales are fucking huge, and require huge brains to control their huge bodies. However, relative to its body, a sperm whale's brain is pretty average for the animal world. However, a human has an eno... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come when you're upside down the blood rushes to your head, but when you're right side up the blood doesn't rush to your feet? | [
"Because your circulatory system and heart is plumbed (fluid dynamics and whatnot) with the expectation that generally you remain upright. Gravity, blood vessel constriction, etc are all involved. When you are upside down, your belly organs press on your heart and lungs, which is pressure they are not accustomed to... | [
"The air in your nose. For the water to go in your nose the air has to go out first. It is like putting a glass in water upside down, as long as the glass stays upside down the air stays in the glass. Once you turn the glass the water comes out. Your nose is the same way, as long as you keep your head up water won'... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What made baseball caps so popular around the world? | [
"I'd assume because they are relatively cheap to make, provide good shade, but also western and middle class."
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do (a lot of) cars get optimal fuel efficiency at 55-60 mph/88-95 kph?? | [
"Because that's when they are most efficient. It's more about the RPM count, at those speeds most cars are around 1750-2500RPM, which is usually where they get the best MPG. By going say 80MPH, while you are traveling 1/3 faster than 60MPH, the MPG degrades by more than 1/3, due to air resistance and the fact that ... | [
"Imperial vs. metric systems: 60MPH = ~100KPH > \"The time it takes to accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (0 to 97 km/h or 0 to 27 m/s) is a commonly used performance measure for automotive acceleration in the United States and the United Kingdom. In the rest of the world 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) is used\" _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are sign languages different when they are based off of the same spoken language? (American Sign Language and British sign language.) | [
"It helps if you think about sign language as less a translation of language and more as a separate language. Sign language doesn't use the same grammar as English at all, and there's nothing about the hand motions that directly translate to English either. In other words, American sign language and British sign l... | [
"Deaf children learn sign language the same exact way you learned to speak and understand English. Deaf babies will even \"babble\" with their hands at the same time hearing babies babble with spoken words. Sign language is a complex language in itself and therefore would not be easier nor harder to learn than a sp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Where did certain 'swear' words come from? ... And what/who decided them to be rude? | [
"Obscenities pretty much have two sources. Religion, and bodily functions. We aren't actually very imaginative in that regard. Bad words are usually used for shock value, and the two easiest ways historically were treating religion lightly, and discussing how your body worked."
] | [
"Short answer: it's not, there are far worse words. More complicated answer: words only have 'power' to be 'bad' if we give them that power. Is the word screw actually less worse than fuck? Of course not."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Linguistics:"
} |
it is quoted to cost $11 million a year to host a death row prisoner. Why? | [
"That figure seems to be twisted to sound as high as possible. Also, death row inmates are extremely expensive to the system as a WHOLE, not necessarily just to the prison paying for their food, housing, etc. Death row inmates get automatic appeals all the way up the appeal chain. If the state's going to end some... | [
"Because it is worth a lot of money to the government!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do moths leave that weird dusty stuff when they are squished? | [
"Moth wings are made up of tiny feathery scales. These scales make up that weird dusty stuff. It's a simple answer, really."
] | [
"Moths live short periods, don't have mouths and do not eat. It is likely he's dead. Moths will appear to sit in one place for days. They are dead and their corpses are stuck to the wall because they have sticky feet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If inflation is the norm, will all countries eventually need a new currency? | [
"There would be no need for a new currency. Although there would be a need for a shift in the denominations of currency available (i.e. more high-denomination bills and elimination of coins like pennies and nickels once they become essentially worthless). The official Japanese currency, the yen, is worth about 1 ce... | [
"One of the biggest problems with it is how inflexible it is. It removes a lot of the techniques used to combat recession and depression. It prevents running deficits, which are necessary for state-wide economies. Price stability for gold was extremely volatile, which lead to markets that were very volatile - anoth... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Aren't women-only companies against the law? | [
"Refusing to hire men because they are men is illegal discrimination. Jessica Chastain's company is not a \"women only\" company. As [this](_URL_0_) article makes clear, it's a company designed to make products that cater to women - films about women, starring high-profile female actresses. That's totally legal."
... | [
"Because there's nothing like that in our constitution or other laws."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
My brother looks exactly like my dad when my dad was a baby. I currently look like my dad at his current age. My brother and I do not look alike nor related. How does this happen? | [
"You each got 50% of your dad's genes, some overlap and some don't, some get activated earlier than others."
] | [
"I've found people I knew years ago look the same now and don't appear to have aged. So I guess that's a similar thing. For example my A-level Biology teacher now teaches my children. He doesn't appear any older to me!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How the ban of americans on Iran will affect american fight attendants and pilots that fly there? | [
"That will be a problem. It is possible to visit a country without a visa as long as you keep to the international zones and not go though immigration. It is not so uncommon for ship crew to do this but flight crew may have problems finding a place to sleep on the wrong side of the airport."
] | [
"It will be easier people in the US to visit Cuba, acquire Cuban goods and do business in Cuba. Vice-versa for people in Cuba dealing with the US."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is IP tracing so inaccurate? | [
"Because your ISP doesn't have any obligation to tell the internet where your IP address points to in a physical sense. It doesn't even need to know. It just needs to know which wires to send the packets down, not the GPS coordinates those wires terminate at."
] | [
"It's not designed to be fraud-proof, it's designed to make it inconvenient to be fraudulent."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why timeshares are seen as a bad thing? | [
"Generally, they are *grossly* overpriced; they're not a good value in terms of what you pay for what you get."
] | [
"Smart rich people don't put their money in losing investments. It's really as simple as that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
if the NSA is collecting so much data about everything, why is the crime rate so high? and clearance rates so slow? | [
"NSA doesn't deal with domestic crime (except terrorism, spying, etc)."
] | [
"What country do you live in where privacy invasion is a crime? From what I understand they just use public databases and legal surveillance methods. Some might be shadier than that, but for the most part you can find out a whole lot about someone without breaking any laws."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Is it true that beer can be "cooked"? For example, if left in a hit car for a while, then put in the fridge to cool will the taste he dramatically altered? | [
"Beer going bad is generally caused by getting hit by the sun if it's bottled beer. Canned beer will be fine in a warm car. If you have a few six pack bottles in your car just throw something over them to keep the sun off."
] | [
"Staleness, in a food item, involves the food in question equalizing its moisture content with the air around it -- dry foods feel damp and spongy, while wetter foods dry out and become crusty. So if you were to apply the same principle with a drink, it would simply evaporate. But if you define staleness as loosing... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do reporters still use overly large hand-held microphones instead of headsets or a boom mic off screen? | [
"Hard to interview people with a headset mic and news crews usually consist only of the camera person and the reporter, which leaves no one to hold a boom mic overhead."
] | [
"When someone moves around a lot, a lavalier mic (the kind that attaches to a shirt) gets jostled a lot and can make noise. Lavaliers are great for when you're trying to hide it, like in an interview when a person is sitting down. The pic you posted looks like a motivational speaker who use these types of mics inst... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
If you have an infection and you get antibiotics why do you not take a large dose right away to kill it and then a lower dose for the rest of the week to make sure it doesn't come back? | [
"For some, you do! Some start with a double dose first and the. A single dose for the duration. But too strong a dose can cause side effects and may be more than body can absorb before expelling other ways."
] | [
"Yes. Drink enough alcohol until you pass out and die. The bacterial that caused strep throat will also die. If that cure is unacceptable then no. Because the bacteria that caused it won't be exposed to the alcohol long enough, or in high enough concentration to kill it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't we try and make solar powered commercial airplanes? | [
"Solar panels aren't very efficient, yet. Batteries, too, are very inefficient, and very heavy. It would make much more sense to use solar power to produce a non-petroleum liquid/gas fuel that can power the commercial airplane."
] | [
"Reusable landing platform+ they don't have to close down beaches (can be costly). Also less noise concerns and they have to ability to land *anywhere*. Now that's a pretty good few reasons to do so. Wouldn't you say?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do barcodes work? Are they all different? | [
"The combination of all bar widths correspond to a string of numbers (and sometimes letters) there is simply a set prefix/suffix system set up to identify the different categories (groceries, books etc.) The reason the bar code layout is used is because is it really easy to scan, as opposed to digits. The code you ... | [
"They use optical sensors to determine the location of markings on a bill. Since the markings on each form currency are unique to that specific amount, its very easy to set it up so it knows which markings correspond to a value. Its the same idea as bar code readers, at least as far as detection goes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How are child actors exempt from child labor laws? | [
"They are not exempt. Child labor laws don't mean that kids can never work. It just restricts hours and types of jobs. Typically, the parents control the finances of their children. However, due to past events of parents spending all of their children's earning, a percent of a child actor's earnings is put into a t... | [
"Because most of our labor laws are set to protect the employer, not the employee."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
If a criminal receives the death penalty, why do they often put them in prison for many years before killing them? What's the point of waiting so long? | [
"Because the death penalty cannot be undone once it has been carried out, people convicted to the death penalty undergo a process of appeals just to make sure there were no miscarriages of justice and that no later found evidence proves their innocence. There have been plenty of people on death row who later turned... | [
"People are innocent until proven guilty. A long time can pass between arrest and trial date, it is kind of unfair to keep people locked up for all that time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Law and Justice:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Law and Justice:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Law and Criminal Justice:"
} |
Why has airline service gotten so much worse over the years when more and more people are paying to fly? | [
"Airlines were deregulated in 1978. Before that, the government was heavily involved in setting the prices for tickets. For that reason, airlines couldn't lower their prices to compete with each other. Since the airlines charged basically the same prices, they competed on service and amenities to win customers. Aft... | [
"As someone who flies American and Southwest frequently, every player in the airline business is doing more than surviving. The weak carriers (USAir for example) have been bought by the strong carriers. Your opinions don't seem to reflect the entirety of airline passenger spending, as both United and American sold ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do I feel like I need to take a nap after I eat pizza? | [
"It depends on how much you eat. But typically, after eating high calorie foods high in carbs at once, a large amount of blood has to go down into the stomach area causing less blood to be in the head, promoting exhaustion. That's another reason why they recommend small frequent meals over eating a lot at once."
] | [
"And why do I have the urge to cough when using them?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does something travelling at supersonic speeds make a loud bang? | [
"When things fly through the air, they produce sound waves. As long as the thing is flying slower than the speed of sound, the sound waves can propagate in front of the object and the waves don't really overlap very much. However, when an object breaks the speed of sound, sound waves created by the object can no lo... | [
"As airplanes fly through the air they create pressure waves at both the nose and tail of the aircraft. Very similar to how a ship makes a bow wave as it ravels through the water. Those waves move outward from the plane at the speed of sound. For a plane moving slower than mach 1 (the speed of sound) the waves move... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is it safe to eat moldy cheese but not okay to eat moldy bread or fruit? | [
"Moldy like bleu cheese, or moldy because it's gone off? Only one of those is okay to eat. Bleu and other veined cheeses are specifically inoculated with the good kind of mold. Because it's the good kind, it won't make you sick."
] | [
"It is not okay to eat moldy cheese in general. There are certain kinds of molds that are safe to eat, and great pains are taken to ensure blue cheeses only have that kind of mold."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is a Jewellers tool more like, a 'Magnifying glass' or a 'mini telescope'? Please Help. | [
"It's called a [Jeweler's Loupe](_URL_0_), and it does NOT telescope, so it is a magnifying glass."
] | [
"The inside of the screen carries a small charge. Placing an object, like a finger, on the outside that can act as the second half of a capacitor and distorts the charge pattern. The position of the distortion can be traced by the circuitry to know what action to hairdressing on its location Think about those toys ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is it hard to breath when the water temperature is ice-cold in the shower? | [
"Because your muscles and organs go into a quick state of shock. It's why sports athletes always take an ice bath. That quick shock they get stops their muscles from stiffening and helps prevent injuries. It's also your body reacting to the sudden change of temperature."
] | [
"How much water is in the bath? How much is in the kettle? How hot is the bath water?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Can you listen to the radio using garden weeds and a high powered radio antenna? And how? | [
"An analog signal is basically sound vibrations converted into electromagnetic frequencies. The frequencies are picked up by antennas and converted back into vibrations by speakers. But a high powered frequency can cause objects to resonate and produce the same sound vibrations, for example the WLW once broadcast w... | [
"Maybe your cable was acting as a (really bad) radio antenna. Have you tried this without the plug touching your skin?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do Adjustable Rate Mortages (ARMs) work and why did people think they were a good idea? | [
"It's about who takes the risk. In an ARM, you're taking the risk that the cost of money won't change much -- as a reward, you get a lower rate in the beginning. In a FRM, the bank is taking the risk that the cost of money won't change much. If you can absorb the risk, or expect you won't keep the property for very... | [
"Most people take out a loan to buy a house and they use the house as collateral for the loan. This means that if you don't pay the loan, the bank can take the house and sell it to get its money back. These loans are called mortgages. They have certain terms, such as the interest rates and over how many years the l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
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While watching any movie, I see various company logos/small animations like XYZ pictures, ABC Films, etc. Why are there so many and what are roles of each of those companies? | [
"At a minimum, you'll see two logos: one for the production company and one for the distribution company/rightsholder. The first logo is usually that of the rights holder--that's the company that paid to have the movie made. The second logo will be that of the production company--the company that actually made the ... | [
"The names most likely appear the way they do because of contractual obligations by the studio, bigger names might go first etc. When the picture is being shot or created, the artist may not know or care about which order the names will be in, but instead only cares about the aesthetics of the poster."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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What time do astronauts have on their watch? | [
"UTC. This is mainly because this sleep schedule is convenient for most parties involves (mostly Russians and Americans). Its a compromise between American and Russian timezones, and fits fairly well for everyone else given that the exact opposite timezones are mostly found in the Pacific Ocean. Everyone should us... | [
"They need to exercise everyday to make sure their muscles don’t waste in the weightlessness of space. Take a look at Scott Kelly’s daily routine during his year in space."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
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Why is 15.6" such a common screen size for laptops? | [
"Well I think if 13.3\" or 14\" was the industry standard you'd be asking the same thing, no? Perhaps a great deal it all boils down to standards within an industry dominated by consumer needs and pricepoint. Usability studies and best practices lead the various manufacturing companies to come up with a few standar... | [
"Computer monitors use a higher resolution than televisions, until you get to a true 4K television display, and of course those televisions cost more than computer monitors. Edit: There are 4K computer monitors, but I don't believe there are any 4K televisions that currently share the same size to give a fair price... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the TV light appearing to be blue when looking at it from a distance/through a window? | [
"It's to do with the eye's sensitivity to light at different brightness levels. Generally speaking the situation you're describing happens at night, in duller lighting. The type of cells most responsible for your eyesight at night are the rod cells as opposed to the cone cells, and these happen to have a sensitivit... | [
"Your mirror has 2 layers. The back layer is a full mirror. When you flip it down it reflects downward out of your sight (unless you lean down to your right and you can see the full brightness lights again). The front layer stays still and reflects a certain percentage of light while letting the rest through. Much ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
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How does sweat actually cool us off? | [
"Alright sonny. You know how if you leave ice on the counter, it melts into water, and if you leave that water on the counter long enough it will disappear (evaporate)? Well, those are called phase changes, and in order to go from solid to liquid, or liquid to gas, you need to add heat. Well, when liquid water (swe... | [
"Our metabolism and heart rate increase when it's hot, and our body works harder to regulate our body temperature. For instance, one thing it does is produce sweat to help cool down the body -- that requires energy. The more energy you spend, the more tired you feel."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is 'hate-crime' a required designation of a crime. What does it offer that criminal justice hasn't offered before? | [
"It's based on the idea that an act can be worse, or the perpetrator more culpable, based on the motivation behind it. Think of an assault committed because the victim stole something from the perpetrator, or deeply insulted him or threatened him. Compare to an assault committed simply because the victim was gay, a... | [
"Terrorism is often defined as violent actions that are intended to further political or social objectives. The Sikh shooter in Wisconsin is believed to be advancing a social objective, the removal of Sikhs from society or something similiar. Holmes' motive is, as far as I'm aware, unknown. It might have been for a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What causes evaporation? | [
"Think of it sort of like erosion. You have a sea of air moving past the surface of the water. Water molecules are moving around and occasionally break the plane of the surface, and can be picked up by the air. As long as there is motion there can be evaporation (or in the case of solids, sublimation)."
] | [
"The cooler temperature in the fridge slows down evaporation - the opposite of putting something on a radiator which speeds up the process."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Explain iambic pentameter to me | [
"Let's talk about the literal meaning of the words first: \"Iambic\" means to 'have feet' (or, in the case of poetry, rhythm/beat). \"Pentameter\" means 'in measures of 5'. So put them together and you get: \"Measures with 5 feet\". You can think of a 'foot' a bit like a heartbeat: ba-BOM, ba-BOM, ba-BOM, etc. Ther... | [
"It holds the rhythm to add the word. Poetry that sticks to a set meter of 5 syllables per line also does this in a similar fashion. If you take out the word \"the\", the song won't sound quite right."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If a fat man with a large gut loses a lot of weight, would his legs be super-strong in proportion to his body, because they've been lifting a huge weight every day for years? | [
"Generally not. Muscles are as strong as they need to be for the amount of work they do on a regular basis. Unless you intentionally do more work to build them up, they level off to whatever they routinely do. In the case above, unless the guy was working out while fat, his legs would only be strong enough to carry... | [
"It's because the weight is spread out, and you can use more muscles to lift it, giving you more strength. Let's say you're attempting to pick up a 50lb dumbbell. You're effectively relying only on the muscles in your arm to lift the weight. Now, let's say you're giving your little cousin (who weighs 100lbs) a pigg... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
If mosquitos died out, how would it affect the world - do they serve a purpose in the food chain? | [
"They serve a purpose in the food chain, but not one that isn't replaceable by something else and not anything you should be willing to give up your own blood and risk disease for. Unfortunately, if they could have been eradicated, they already would be."
] | [
"Some animals play major roles in an ecosystem. Bees for example were just added to the endangered list and are very important. Something like 80% of our grown food depends on them more than any other thing for pollination... if they disappear then so do our crops unless we start doing it manually by hand or start ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are almost all ancient people in movies depicted as white British speaking people? | [
"The British PR accent is considered sophisticated while foreign yet understandable to the american public so is perfect for representing ancient cultures like the Greeks and Romans in movies."
] | [
"It's cultural. Those same people would be viewed as white or simply as mixed in other cultural contexts."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is gas heating so much cheaper than electric heating? | [
"no, there are numerous losses in electricity production and transmission. all along the way heat is slowly lost to the atmosphere. While we need electricity, because its a convenient form of potential energy to do all kinds of work. But if your ultimate goal is just to burn it as heat, we can do that ourselves on ... | [
"Old windows let out cool air and head, making maintaining a comfortable temperature in your home difficult. Update to insulated windows and save on your heating and air conditioning costs. You're welcome."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is Malcolm X so celebrated when his idealogies were clearly the black mirror of segregated White America? | [
"> By March 1964 Malcolm X had grown disillusioned with the Nation of Islam and its head Elijah Muhammad, and ultimately repudiated the Nation and its teachings. He embraced Sunni Islam and, after a period of travel in Africa and the Middle East, returned to the United States to found Muslim Mosque, Inc. and the Or... | [
"You're talking about American members of Nation of Islam. It was never really a trope of muslims in general. It was essentially a black power movement popular in the 60's that centered around creating a separate black identity from the prevalent white Christian culture and was popular with reform minded blacks. Th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why did the plague doctors have masks that resembled crows? | [
"It allowed them to place herbs and flowers in the beak. At this time it was thought that disease was cause by bad, foul air (miasma theory of disease) and that flowers and other nice smelling things would prevent them from catching the disease."
] | [
"they were called liripipes. Most people believe it was just a fashion trend at the time, one that was capitalized by modern artists/video games/what have you whenever they want to make something look \"medieval.\" There are a few manuscripts from around the fourteenth century in which people complain about how rid... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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