query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How Game Genie devices work. | [
"The game genie was sitting between the cartridge and the console itself. Whenever the console wanted to read from the cartridge, the genie could decide to either give it the correct data from the game, or to give it its own data instead. The genie was designed to look for certain values in the game. For example, i... | [
"Bot explained how bots work. Thank you Internet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do celebrities who sign autographs all the time avoid being victims of fraud by people who forge their signatures? | [
"They have 2 signature, one for signing for fans and another for professional setting, also they have enhanced security around them because they are public figures / have more money generally"
] | [
"A signature is evidence, but not proof, you agreed that your credit card was used. If you claimed a purchase was fraudulent, the signature could be used to support or refute that claim. But keeping track of all those signatures is a pain. Some stores figure that not many people are going to commit credit fraud to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is it that when someone needs to sneeze but can’t quite get it out, looking at a bright light helps? | [
"The trigeminal nerve (triggers a sneeze) runs close to the optic nerve. Flooding the optic nerve suddenly (with light) can cause the trigeminal nerve to trigger."
] | [
"It's like a \"mental sneeze\" that you can sometimes hold in through will power, but it takes effort and it's a lot easier to just let it out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does every single pharmacy in the U.S. seem to have every single prescription drug readily available to fill, many times within 1 hour? | [
"They don't... they have the common ones. The others they have to order from a central warehouse, and it can take a day or two. The big chains also have software that shows what their current customer base takes regularly and can anticipate need to have on hand. So if they know John Smith refills some obscure Rx ev... | [
"They have to verify the prescription, check to make sure there's no conflicting meds, etc. Plus yours isn't the only thing they're doing so they have other stuff to get done."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do Bluetooth speakers take so long to connect to phones that are regularly connected to the speaker? | [
"It helps to think about the Bluetooth connection like a hose with lots of spurting instead of a nice stream. To make the audio you hear seem smooth, the receiver will usually have some buffer it uses to store the information before playing it. This is kinda like having a bucket with a smaller hole which you run th... | [
"It depends on what type of phone you have and what type of device you're using. Most new phones can connect to multiple different types of devices like a smart watch and headphones. The problem is if you want to connect to say multiple speakers at the same time. It's very hard to transmit the data over a bluetooth... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are Rupert's Drops so strong? | [
"Due to the way they're made, the heads of the drops have a surface compressive stress thats equal to nearly 7000 times atmospheric pressure. This gives the head of the drop an extremely high fracture point, making it difficult to break, even by a bullet. & #x200B; Source if you want to read more: [_URL_0_](_URL_0... | [
"Why do you have so many lips and chins?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Biology:"
} |
Why does each individual news station have it's own microphone at a press conference? | [
"News organizations prefer to be in control of their own audio. If this is a live press event, there are simply too many variables for safety - there's a microphone, a cable, an amplifier, a mixing console, etc. The news station doesn't know if the microphone is crappy, or the cable is half-plugged in, or if someon... | [
"Wait, are you asking about the major TV networks or the major news networks? Fox the TV station has very little to do with Fox the news network."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are personality disorders incurable ? | [
"They are not incurable. This is a dangerous myth. They are not cured with a pill, but psychological techniques can be very beneficial."
] | [
"Nothing. These aren't considered technical terms in psychology. Both would be considered to be suffering from antisocial personality disorder."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
ELI5: Why do all artificial sweeteners cause an insulin response in the body when the human body can't even process them? | [
"It does not know it can not process them. The body knows that when something tastes sweet that means the blood sugar level will soon increase and that it needs to produce insulin. So the body starts producing insulin as a response to the sweetness. You even have similar responses to external stimulus as well. You ... | [
"> How can products like coke zero, redbull zero and things like that have zero calories? They simply don't contain any sugars that our body can process for energy. Instead, they contain \"sugar substitutes\", which are molecules that trigger our taste buds the same way sugar does, but can't be processed by the bod... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Per the United States government shutdown, why do "non-essential" government employees exist? | [
"Park Rangers aren't needed to keep the government running, but they are needed. & #x200B; If Park Rangers stay home for a couple of weeks, this is a very different situation from Air Traffic Controllers staying home for a couple of weeks."
] | [
"First off the term 'government shutdown' is a misnomer (incorrect name). All federal employees are divided into two categories, essential and nonessential. The military, FBI, ATF, Border Patrol, Customs, FAA, much of the State Department, much of the executive branch, and the VA hospitals are essential. They will... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
why shooting firearms up in the air is still dangerous? Wouldn’t they lose all their velocity at some point during the travel time? | [
"Yes, they lose all their velocity once they are very high up. Then they start to fall, and quickly regain all that velocity, until you have a bullet traveling at deadly speed raining from the sky in a random location."
] | [
"According to mythbusters, if it is shot directly up it will eventually come to rest then begin to tumble back down to earth, eventually reaching terminal velocity. But if it is shot at even the slightest angle then it will make a large arc and retain much more of its velocity when it gets buried tip-forward somewh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is the Universe like a sphere? | [
"Firstly we are not talking about the universe, but about the observable universe. That is the part of the universe we can see. There may be more universe outside of the observable universe but we do not know about it. The universe is about 13.8 billion years old. Light travels at 300 thousand kilometers a second. ... | [
"It is most likely number 1. It's like a scaled up and computerized version of \"Guess Who!\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Technology:"
} |
Why does hot water make our skin dry? | [
"Hot water causes the pores (small holes) in your skin to open, allowing the oils which keep it hydrated to escape. Also, the heat from the water liquifies the oils (like melting butter) so they flow more easily. This is why taking lukewarm baths/showers is supposed to be better for your skin"
] | [
"They dry out your eyes and can lead to infection."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people enjoy getting scared? | [
"Fear releases adrenaline and dopamine, both of which can be enjoyable - for some people more than others."
] | [
"Did you get fired for not smiling at a customer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is the logic as to why we do not have universal health care in the United States? | [
"Logic has nothing to do with lawmaking, policy changes, people's political views, or 95% of human behavior. Humans, and politicians in particular, are hypocritical, inconsistent, motivated by personal gain and emotion and often struggle to take a logical look at the world especially in the case of extremely large ... | [
"> Can someone please explain to me what in the hell is going on here? What is going on is that the American healthcare system is a sad joke."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does hearing your own scream not hurt, but hearing other people's screams hurts? | [
"You don't hear your own voice through your ear drums/through the sound waves directly hitting those membranes, you hear it as a combination of echoes off of walls and the sound traveling through your jaw/skull to the membranes. It's the sharp spike in pressure caused by a high-volume and high-pitched sound hitting... | [
"Nails on chalkboard produces a sound with a frequency similar to a baby crying or a person screaming. Evolution made us sensitive to those sounds and to find them very unpleasant. If you heard your baby crying and didn't want to do everything to make it stop, your baby might die and your genes wouldn't pass on. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
The difference between venomous and poisonous | [
"If you bite it and you get sick, it's poisonous. If it bites you and you get sick, it's venomous. Edit: obligatory \"thanks for the gold, kind stranger\""
] | [
"Spiders are actually venomous and not poisonous. Poison and venom differ in that poisons are harmful if swallowed while venom must be injected directly into the body to cause harm and are otherwise harmless if injested. So while they use their venom to kill by injecting via their fangs, it becomes harmless thereaf... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Whenever I buy a video game disc, (Xbox, Ps4, etc.) It says it needs to download the game into the console. Isn't the game already on the disc? | [
"On modern consoles it has to install the data from the disc onto the console's hard drive. That's because blu-ray drives are just too slow to load data for modern games, so it has to be installed on a faster (although still pretty slow to be honest) hard drive. Usually you also have to download patches, even if th... | [
"Nowadays they just put there an installer that downloads everything from Steam or publisher's server. In these days, buying a physical disc is for collectors. Most new games don't fit in DVD or even in two DVDs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does your nose get more runny in cold weather compared to normal conditions? | [
"Cold air is drier and so your nose gets runny to protect the inside of your nose with mucus to keep it moist."
] | [
"The air is much drier than summer time. Static electricity cannot build up when there is moisture in the air. Therefore, your clothes stick to you more in the winter time. As a related note, this is why your hands feel dry in the winter and why your lips become chapped more often."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do Americans still want to work as coal miners? | [
"> The average starting salary for a coal mine worker is $60,000. Where else are you gonna pull 60k right out of High School in rural West Virgina? When the mines close, the towns and everyone in them have to move or face poverty."
] | [
"Who's more likely to tell you their salary: a rich person, or a poor person?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
what did England gain by issuing the Balfour Declaration? | [
"simplified: The timing was simply at the culmination of a long process begun when Britain joined the war as part of the overall policy question of what would happen to the various components of the ottoman empire once toppled. The actual process was accelerated in mid1917 due to military operations in Palestine it... | [
"Follow up. If the American colonies were so upset by the raised taxes from the French and Indian war how did other British colonies view the war of independence?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
When you are stopped at a light say to turn, and cars are still going because the light is green, why does your car seem to shake and move when the cars pass?(if that makes sense) | [
"You know how boats make a V shaped set of waves behind them when they move through the water? Cars do the same thing when they move through the air, and these pressure waves are what you feel."
] | [
"Ideal situation would be all cars move right despite the red light. If people decide to be inconsiderate to the emergency vehicle, use your best judgement; If people seem to be going right for the vehicle do so, if people are standig still do the same and let the emergency vehicle pass everyone as it chooses. Neve... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are Animals scared of us Humans? | [
"Because most animals evolved with humans and other animals trying to eat them. Not letting predatory animals near you is an important survival tactic. There of course are exceptions. Domestic animals have been bred to trust humans to an extent. Animals can be tamed or trained to see humans as non-threatening or to... | [
"Question 1: Am I a celebrity? * Yes: Move onto question 2 * No: Who gives a shit about you? Question 2: Do I like to look terrific in photographs? * Yes: Move onto question 3 * No: Use your iPhone for nude selfies Question 3: Do I mind being raped? * Yes: Call Annie Leibovitz * No: Terry's your man!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do zippers work only when grabbed by the dangling part? | [
"There's a little catch in there to stop the zipper from opening of its own accord. If you look closely you might be able to see it"
] | [
"If you look at the *rough* end of velcro closely, you will notice bunches of tiny hooks. The fuzzy end is bunches of tiny loops. When you put the fuzzy end of velcro against the rough end, enough hooks catch onto enough loops to stay in place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why is it easier to remove stains from kitchenware with really hot water as oppose to cold water? | [
"Most substances have increased solubility in hot water compared to cold water. For example, you can dissolve more salt in hot water than cold water."
] | [
"chefs tip; wash your hands with cold water thoroughly instead of hot water when handling garlic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Chemistry:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Chemistry:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How come we experience headaches while our brains do not have pain receptors? | [
"It's not a \"brain ache.\" Your brain doesn't hurt; pain-sensitive areas around your brain hurt including the tissue between your brain and skull."
] | [
"You have different receptors in your body that send messages to your brain. Like receptors for pain, pressure, chemicals, and temperature. So your eyes don't feel cold because they don't have the right kind of receptors."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
We don’t dare eat dirty food off the ground in fear of getting sick, but how do animals’ stomachs handle food on the ground full of dirt and germs? | [
"Some animals have ridiculous stomach acid. Vultures for example can eat anthrax and not be bothered by it. A good thing when one's diet is animal carcasses. For other animals, some get sick and die. The animals you see in the wild are the ones that survived everything. Humans have taken steps to avoid food related... | [
"We probably can. When animals hunt and kill other animals and eat their raw meat, it is extremely fresh. This is safer than the 'raw meat' we see at butchers or supermarkets which have had a chance for more bacteria or microbes to enter the meat. Also, other animals' immune systems are suited to eat the meat raw, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
We know that competition lowers price but why does it not work for healthcare in America? | [
"Part of it is that it's hard to barter or shop around when you're having a heart attack, unconscious from a car crash, or going into anaphylactic shock from a bee sting. There are situations where the alternative to an expensive treatment is debilitating pain or death...not really a great place to bargain from. A ... | [
"Inefficiencies. Who gets the money in the long run. Are we paying extra just because private practices cost more or the stupidity that is insurance?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Excluding through feats of arms, how would a commoner in feudal Europe who aimed to achieve any level of nobility go about doing it for himself, in his life-time? | [
"There was basically no social/economic mobility in feudal/medieval europe. A peasant was a peasant, a serf was a serf--you were born into your class. I suppose you could be granted land and a title as a reward for something like saving a noble's life, providing some invaluable service, or marrying up--although non... | [
"So /u/citrusonic has a really great answer with regards to music, but what if you had no talent for music or were not interested in playing it? What other activities would the daughters of English nobility take part in circa 1650? How much and what type of education would they receive? I've also seen in many perio... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why are viruses considered as non living? | [
"It's something that's contested, so there's not any one answer on if they're alive or not. Viruses, while being organic constructs that contain genes and evolve via natural selection, don't have a cellular structure and cannot reproduce without a host cell."
] | [
"Bacteria are generally (with exceptions) self replicating cells with cell walls and the ability to independently form proteins via transcription and translation. Viruses can range from pieces of rogue DNA or RNA that need to infect an organism in order to replicate. For example the reason why penicillin can't kill... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can you regrow vegetables such as lettuce over and over again, and can this be done infinitely? | [
"There are a lot of plants that don't need to grow from a seed. Portions of the plants can regrow themselves, and cuttings from a plant can become a full plant. & #x200B; Tomatoes, cannabis, and similar plants, you find a branch that has other branches on it (can't use a branch that just ends in a leaf), put it in... | [
"Beans and rice are both cheap and easy to grow, (especially beans as they replenish nitrogen in the soil and are useful for farmers), and store indefinitely when dried, meaning that food stores don’t go bad, causing waste and loss for suppliers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why/how do of womens bodies synchronise periods when they live together? | [
"They don't. In 1971, a paper was published in Nature magazine discussing \"menstrual synchrony,\" which is what you are asking about, calling it the \"McClintock Effect.\" Many flaws in the study became immediately apparent and since 1971 every single scientific study has clearly demonstrated that menstrual synchr... | [
"They do, its more subconscious there are studies that show that women generally dress more slutty during peak ovulating times."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When your stabbed or shot and veins are split, how do you heal internally? | [
"If it is a large artery or vein cut without medical attention you’d probably bleed out. If it is a smaller one the veins can clot the ends off and build scar tissue over it. The blood supply would then be rerouted through other veins. The body can even enlarge smaller veins to make up for the loss."
] | [
"I would assume it has to do with stopping the blood flow if you slit your wrists the aim generally is to die so less cause for stopping the bleeding"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about biology:"
} |
Why is Pink Floyd so highly rated in music criticism communities? | [
"\"Pink Floyd were among the earliest innovators to use four channel sound, and more recently Dark Side of the Moon won many awards, including several for engineering, on its way to being one of the best-know albums of all time. The author, who engineered these and many other sessions for the band, discusses the qu... | [
"Current popularity does not equal their popularity in 100 years. At the time of those classical composers very few were respected highly or considered great. The same is true in visual arts where Van Gogh was considered crazy and Picasso was considered terrible. What becomes a classic has nothing to do with their ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are Russian businessmen consistently referred to as Oligarchs? | [
"Because they are oligarchs. An oligarchy is a form of government where the power rests with a small number of people, generally wealthy people with strong political influence. Russia may put on a show of elections and such but they are really ruled by powerful businessmen which makes it an oligarchy."
] | [
"Russia does not have a good track record when it comes to telling the truth. Why start believing them now?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is Carbon-12 the standard isotope that everything else is compared with? | [
"It's all about averages and statistics. After lots of measurements, they found out that the value for the mass (in grams) of C-12 / 12 was a better average than the generic (mass (in grams) of proton + mass of neutron) / 2 value. This is because some of the mass of the neutrons and protons is used as energy to bin... | [
"It depends on which numbers you are referring to. They all deal with the chemical and physical properties of the element. The most common are: Atomic Number (the number of protons): which essentially defines the element. For example, an oxygen atom is only oxygen if it has 8 protons. Atomic Mass (the average weigh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can there be surgeries lasting more than a few hours? Are they truly that intricate, or do things go wrong? | [
"They are truly that intricate. When my late mom had breast cancer she underwent a procedure that was extremely new at the time, but is commonplace now. It was called a tram flap reconstruction surgery. Basically the surgeon did a modified mastectomy, meaning he took the entire breast, but left some of the unaffect... | [
"Have you ever had an operation? Putting someone under is a lot more serious than you might think. In an operation theatre for instance there's a trained anaesthetist who's job is just to keep you under without killing you. It's horrendous to wake up after even a fairly short surgery, and doctors will try and avoid... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How accurate is the DNA testing done by law enforcement to identify criminals and their victims? | [
"Very. Think of out of all the people in the world you have markers from your parents, grand parents, great grandparents etc.. Now they can get close matches if you are a sibling or cousin because a lot of the markers are similar but it is narrowed down so much there are only a few options. Most inaccurate testing ... | [
"Well they are, if they can be. The police and medical examiner will use fingerprints, DNA and dental records to match to known missing people."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How sunscreen actually protects our skin from getting cancer or being burned by sunlight? | [
"As far as I am aware, there are two types of sunscreen: inorganic (metal based) and organic (carbon based). Inorganic based sunscreen reflects/scatters UV light, much like a UV mirror. Organic based sunscreen absorbs the UV light so our skin doesn't have to. These absorb the UV light, break down, and release just ... | [
"Dark skin is caused by melanin. When the sun hits your skin it gets absorbed by melanin and not by your skin cells. This is a good thing because if your skin cells absorb the sun it can cause damage that can possibly lead to skin cancer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why was there an increase/collection of serial killers in the 1970’s/1980’s and specifically concentrated on the West Coast/Pacific Northwest? | [
"Probably cause we were able to notice them more than before. Alot of serial killer went unkownigly before"
] | [
"hi! not discouraging NYC historians from contributing here, but fyi there have been a few threads on this topic that you might find interesting * [Why did New York City deteriorate in the late 1960s and 70s only to recover in the late 70's and 80's](_URL_3_) - featuring NYC flair /u/Yearsnowlost * [Was New York of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why don’t they call traveling in the NBA? | [
"Most of the time, the plays that aren’t called for traveling is because the move includes what’s called a gather-step. Here’s an article by the [Houston Chronicle](_URL_0_) that explains why James Harden’s step back isn’t ever called for a travel. I know, it’s really painful to watch...but by the book, it’s not a ... | [
"Why, when restored, don't they fix this then?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does the fashion industry require models to be so tall? | [
"Fashion people agreed that tall is better because it’s more visible on the runway. The same few dresses or outfits go to fashion shows all over the world so they need to fit different models at different places. Longer answer [here](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"They are selling the idea of what men find attractive in women. Women want to be attractive to men, therefore the product sells itself. Its really quite simple."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do people find dinosaurs? | [
"As a side note: paleontologists, not archaeologists. Paleontologists study extinct animals, archaeologists study prehistoric humans (and sometimes historic humans)."
] | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
At what point do doctors decide to give a diagnosis that signifies there being no diagnosis? | [
"A lot of hard-to-diagnose diseases are basically a process of elimination. If there's 8 things that could cause the set of symptoms you have, and we can test for 4 of them, your doctors will run those 4 tests. If none come up positive, you get a \"reason unknown\" diagnosis. We might not even be aware that there's... | [
"A lot of cancer drugs cause harm to the patient. Its unethical to cause harm when the person has no realistic prospect of benefiting from the drug in the long-term. Its like how in some cases they won't actually operate on very old men with prostate cancer, because its just causing unnecessary harm without a clear... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Dopamine production. | [
"So very generally, dopamine is released when we are motivated to move towards/acquire something. So if I see the super amazing thing on the top shelf at a store, the dopamine release corresponds with my action to acquire the thing. How do we know this? Among other things, there has been just a ton of animal resear... | [
"Evolutionary adaption for better grip while under water. _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How did we determine that two people cannot have the same DNA or fingerprints? | [
"It's a blanket guess for fingerprints. Fingerprints can be the same, it's rare but can happen. DNA has been different everytime it has been viewed and going by the possiblity of your parents genetic material creating you there is over a one in one trillion chance they could make another exactly like you, genetica... | [
"There may already be, but even with the same DNA, they could look completely different because of different gene expressions. Only twins with share DNA and their phenotype."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about biology:"
} |
What makes the phone respond to the touchscreen? | [
"Most touch screens today use capacitive touch. That uses the electrical currents we have flowing throughout our bodies. The gloves that work with touch screens have copper(?) in them which conduct the current and allow it to pass through the screen. Contrast this to older or cheaper screens that used resistive tou... | [
"It sends them one after the other... and really, really fast. What are wondering about specifically? Edit: read the following answer"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
Why are human babies so helpless for so long when compared to the offspring of other species? | [
"When humans became bipedal, the birth canal shrunk (because our pelvises shrunk). To compensate for this, babies needed to be born with smaller heads (so as to not rip the birth canal completely apart. To do this, human gestation times needed to be reduced. Because of this, humans are born significantly sooner tha... | [
"Because the naming of different species and their young are arbitrary. When people named lion and tiger babies, they called them cubs, along with the young of bears, wolves, and other large predatory animals, to differentiate them from the young of domesticated animals, like dogs and cats."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
- How did Dubai become so wealthy? | [
"Oil. But the Crown Prince realized their oil was running out and decided for the future they would turn Dubai into a tourist megacity. And they did. EDIT: Who's the moron who downvoted this? That is exactly what happened. > In the 1980s and early 1990s, Dubai took a strategic decision to emerge as a major interna... | [
"Not everyone in Dubai is rich. There are far more millionaires in London or New York. The average income is high for a developing country but lower than the following countries, for example: * Australia * Austria * Canada * Netherlands * Germany * Sweden * USA Would you say everyone in those countries is \"so rich... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does water get stale after sitting out for a day? What makes it taste that way? | [
"More carbon dioxide from the atmosphere dissolves into the water, lowering the pH of the water."
] | [
"Hot water heaters hold water for long periods of time, and as such they often have buildup of various sediments and other contaminants that you really don't want to be ingesting on a regular basis. Also, it fouls the flavor of the water. Especially if you have scale issues. Take two cups. Fill one with hot water, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does grass feel good between our toes? | [
"Probably cause that area isn’t stimulated a lot in normal life so when you do it feels like scratching an itch that was never there before"
] | [
"EIL5: Why can't I stop sitting with my legs crossed, even though it hurts my knees, and why does it hurt my knees?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do Saturn's rings orbit only, or seemingly only, around it's equator? Why are there not the already existing horizontal lines, as well as, vertical, and an effectively infinite amount of other directional orbital lines? | [
"Orbiting objects also pull on other orbiting objects via gravity. We tend to think only of the planet because it dominates the interaction, but everything with mass has a gravitational influence out to infinite distance. Objects orbiting at different orientations then pull on each other and tend to match their orb... | [
"I made another answer about the creation of rings: _URL_0_ For your answer - the ring forms as one. Small moons within the ring system clear the dust that is near the orbit of that moon, creating a gap, that splits the ring into two. As it was originally one ring, they will remain in the same plane."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why perpetual motion machines are impossible? | [
"All machines work by falling^1. So the simplest version of a machine could be a rubber ball falling from a table. If a ball could bounce as high as where it started, without lifting it, it would be a perpetual motion machine. But the ball pushes the air on the way down, and it heats up the ground a tiny tiny bit... | [
"If magnets are magic, is gravity magic too? Fundamental forces, yo. They run the universe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is our brain so good at filtering out white noise while asleep, but something quiet goes bump in the dark and we're immediately wide awake? | [
"Monkey-brain jungle survival. Those that didn't have the instinct to wake up from a sudden unexpected noise were eaten by the stalking tiger, perhaps before they were able to reproduce. White noise used to be breeze blowing through the treetops or a babbling brook. Now it is a box fan or Netflix. We are still monk... | [
"A brain is constantly bombarded by input from the senses (sights, sounds, smells, temperature readings etc). One of the things it does is filter that information and only passes on information to other parts of the brain which it thinks is important. An example is when two people are having a conversation a little... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is a Fourier-Transformation? | [
"A Fourier transformation is a transformation of time domain data into frequency domain data. There happens to be a one to one relationship between these. An analog to digital converter will give you the signal strength at regular time intervals. However as there are usually many signals added together it can be ha... | [
"MR is Memory Recall MC is Memory Clear M+ is Memory add M- is Memory subtract Think of them like the Copy and Paste for the Calculator."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does the uterine lining have to shed every month? | [
"it has ot do with efifciency and the body not knowing any better since its acting on a blind cycle expecting fertilization to happen. if no fertilization occured, there's no point keeping that tissue(and the egg) aronud until the next cycle, plus that tissue is only there due to hormonal changes meant ot facilitat... | [
"The same way she did before but without the egg. The uterus is still there and the ovaries are still there. The ovaries send of hormones that tell the uterus to thicken its lining which then comes off every month."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do prisoners get so ripped in prison with such limited access to food? Even if they can train, the access to fuel to increase body mass must be somewhat limited? | [
"There is high protein meal plans you can convince the staff to let you get if you say you need it for medical reasons. There is also the commissary which allows you to buy many different high protein items. Commissary items can be bought with money people put into your account so there isn't really any limit. As f... | [
"They have more muscle. This is not super hard to understand, they carry around more weight constantly so they will build a certain amount of muscle just from doing every day things like getting out of bed, getting on and off the toilet, walking. Also, a high calorie diet is great for building muscle even if it is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
If watching video of someone welding doesn't hurt our eyes, why dont people weld by video feed instead of looking through those dark helmets? | [
"Welding helmets nowadays are more often than not 'smart' helmets, with an LCD filter glass that darkens when the helmet is exposed to bright light. This has pretty well eliminated any need to lift the helmet to make sure you're lined up. A welding arc is a very intense light source, and a camera is designed to fo... | [
"I would imagine it’s the same reason why cellphones cause airplanes to crash and gas tanks to blow up. They don’t. They just want people to pay attention to what they are doing instead of taking photos. Also flashes are super annoying. Could you imagine trying to enjoy a painting in a dimly lit room and suddenly 3... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
HOA. What it's for and why people must abide by their rules? | [
"A developer buys a big piece of land, divides it up into lots, and builds a bunch of houses to sell to people. The developer sets up an HOA with some basic rules about how the neighborhood will work. In the contract the developer writes up to sell a house, the person buying the house must join the HOA. Also, the c... | [
"Some are required by law, others are bought at the individual's discretion. We have so many different policies because each covers specific things. We'd rather pay a small amount each month so that if something happens, we don't have to pay thousands out of pocket. * Health insurance is required by the government ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
In music, why use an 8/8 time signature when the piece would (or would it not?) sound the same using a 4/4 time signature but with a faster tempo? | [
"You are right that there is technically no difference between 8/8 and 4/4. They are just hints to the musician on how he should think while playing the piece. If you have a series of 1/8th notes in a 4/4 piece the musician will count **one** ^(and) two ^(and) three ^(and) four ^(and) **one**. The weight will be on... | [
"You're absolutely right that there's no difference in the number of beats per measure, so in a sense they're pretty interchangeable. However, cut time is presumed to be a lot faster - since you're counting half notes instead of counting quarter notes. Often cut time (2/2) is used as a way to make sheet music easie... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the television business work? | [
"TV production companies produce the shows and sell them to networks. Networks then sell ads to run during the Show’s broadcast. The production company hopes to make more selling Herve show than it cost them to make — they pay the writers, actors, for the sets and locations, and so on. But it’s not just a one time ... | [
"In the real world why would anyone want to be a politician?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can we freeze molecules to almost absolute 0? | [
"When you decrease the pressure of a gas, it will cool down. If you compress it, it'll heat up. So you can first compress a gas to a really high pressure, let it cool down, and then expand again - and it'll be really cold. Then you compress some of the cold gas again, and cool that down with the remaining cold gas ... | [
"It will freeze, but at a much lower temperature than water: -114.1 °C. Most home freezers can’t get to that temperature, so it won’t freeze at home."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does covering someones mouth with a plastic bag help them when they are hyperventilating? | [
"I think you’re confusing paper bag with plastic. You’re trying to help them, not kill them."
] | [
"The drug capsasian speeds up your heart. I assume you are also mouth breathing to control the heat in your mouth. Hyperventilation can make you dizzy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Sublimation and snow forecasting | [
"The dew point is the temperature where water / ice can no longer evaporate / sublimate at a given moisture level. So if temperature is above the dew point, the snow flakes can sublimate and therefore shrink. If it's below the dew point, moisture from the air can resublimate, effectively growing the snow flakes. In... | [
"Its just the results of observation plus math. More recently also computation and virtual modeling."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Asset depreciation and effect on balance sheet | [
"Depreciation for the purposes of ELI5 impacts both balance sheet and income statement, (It hits cash flow as well but that isn’t important here.) Depreciation decreases the asset side of the balance sheet by reducing the net value of the assets the company owns over time on a set schedule as the asset is utilized.... | [
"Weighted Average Cost Of Capital. All sources of capital, including common stock, preferred stock, bonds and any other long-term debt, are included in a WACC calculation. It is important bc it determines how much interest a company owes for each dollar it finances. Also WACC is an investor’s opportunity cost of ta... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why don’t we remember falling asleep? | [
"Memories are similar to data stored in a computer - it either reads (looks back on a stored memory) or it writes (logs and saves data / memories). When you’re about to fall asleep, your brain is going from conscious to unconscious, where it won’t write new memories. Without storing information, you don’t remember ... | [
"Different, but not too different. That's the golden rule. That's why you aren't attracted to trees, for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about biology:"
} |
Why was the draft so much more controversial during The Vietnam War than it was during World War II? | [
"Because the public approval for the Vietnam War was lower than that of WW2, and this became worst over the years. For WW2 the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour, killing american and sinking american ship on american soil. German then declared war on the US, sinking ships with their U-Boat. It was a defensive war, an... | [
"Was any Asian country capable of helping the United States during the revolutionary war?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What is 99.9% "empty space" in an atom, exactly? | [
"> I read that an atom consists of 99.9% empty space (and the nucleus inside, too) - so what exactly is there? Nothing. It's empty. If something was there, it wouldn't be called \"empty.\""
] | [
"To add to the question - does the number of protons an atom have affect the conversion to pure energy? So what would it take to convert iron to pure energy compared to helium?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why don’t concert tickets have the customers name on them like airplane tickets? | [
"There are legitimate reasons to transfer a ticket, and this would make that difficult. Requiring an ID to enter a venue would be unpopular with fans. Checking ID at time of entry would make an already-slow process much, much slower, which would be unpopular with fans and the venue. It would likely require addition... | [
"\"Updating\" a ticket to someone else's name is not really \"updating\" -- you are trying to transfer your ticket to someone else. Some tickets are non-transferable and non-refundable. Others can be transferred to another person, if you pay a fee. Changing the name due to a spelling error or even a name change is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can the gravity from the sun keep the planets locked in orbit, but we are weightless in space. | [
"We are weightless in space because we are in freefall. Imagine being trapped in a falling elevator. You and the elevator would fall at the same rate, so you'd 'float' inside it. If you're in orbit, you experience the same thing - the ISS, for example, is falling around the planet constantly (that's what an orbit i... | [
"No, there is no limit. Because the ISS is not held up by anything, it is in fact already falling towards the Earth. The only thing preventing it from hitting the earth is that it's moves so fast sideways that the earth is curving away just as fast as the ISS is falling. So you can pack as much mass as you like on ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do puddles of spilt drinks (whether wet or alr dried up) attract ants? can they physically pick up the water or sugar molecules? | [
"They drink it. Later on, if need be, they can vomit it back up to feed the rest of their colony."
] | [
"It's because the compounds responsible for their hotness don't dissolve well in water, and don't react with it, and mostly gather on its surface. So drinking water simply helps to wash them around and spread these substances around your mouth and throat so they are spread on larger area than before you drank water... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
How the internet in China works | [
"The filters are more to stop Chinese people seeing things than they are Westerners seeing what Chinese people post."
] | [
"Corruption in the government was being shared on twitter so they blocked it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How can My State Minnesota experience both severe cold like now and extreme heat. I understand the cold being so far north. But how can we also experience the same heat as a state such as Florida or Arizona when they dont get near as cold? | [
"Fun fact about Minneapolis is that it is exactly halfway between the North Pole and the Equator. The 45th parallel runs through its city limits. But the earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees. In the summer, Minneapolis get the same power of sunlight as a city at 21.5 degrees north would on March 21st. That's... | [
"Their climate plays a huge role. If you look at a map 90% of their population is based/living within 100 miles of the US border. the rest of the country is livable, but will take a lot of work. the Winters can get extremely cold. -30F so the people do not live up there. Since the limited space the population is mu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Economics:"
} |
Why can torrent downloads resume themselves from their last (download) status even if the (net) connection is lost but browser downloads just get corrupted/lost if the connection is lost halfway through? | [
"Let’s say your download is a Lego set you want to build. In one case you have the instructions and decide to get the pieces from different places, it can sometimes take longer but if you get interrupted you still have the instructions and can continue building from where you left off. In the other case you have ju... | [
"This depends a lot on what player you're using, but could be because the player is supposed to have a certain amount of data buffered (say, 5 - 10 seconds or so) and has dropped below that threshold. Or there could have been an error in the data received, so the player is attempting to re-download the corrupt data... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do your fingers hurt when it's cold? | [
"Because cold makes the little blood vessels on the fingers shrink, and that causes pain. If the subject is particularly sensitive to cold then the pain is much stronger."
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can’t we grow back major body parts? | [
"The other comment is the evolutionary reason, the molecular reason is that EVERY cell in your body with a genetic code baring rbc has the entire genetic blueprint. But to prevent every cell from doing all jobs the cells do something called packing and methylation, this process makes some parts of the gene inaccess... | [
"Your brain is telling your body to make room."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do we know/measure the distance of objects in space to us? Like how do we know that one Star is 5 light years and another is 500? | [
"There is a ladder of thing we use to measure distances. Relatively close things, we can use parallax to measure. Look at something in the sky when we are in the summer, then exactly half the year later look again. It will be in a slightly different spot. How slightly is determined by how far away it is. For object... | [
"2000 light years means that light will take 2000 years to travel the distance between earth and that planet. That means the light that enters your eye left that planet 2000 years ago"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about astronomy:"
} |
Why are first birthdays so important? | [
"A carry over from days when crib death and the like were a common enough worry in the first year of life. Like a \"huzzah, you made it!\" Liken it to not celebrating a pregnancy till after the first trimester, since that's when most miscarriages and such happen."
] | [
"What's so bad about having something made in Israel?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Orbitals’ shapes. Why do electrons describe such weird shapes? Why not just circles? | [
"The electron is a wave, and the patterns are a result of different standing waves. [This](_URL_2_) would correspond to the most basic standing wave, a \"circle\". [This](_URL_2_) is a higher harmonic. It looks more complicated, but it is still a standing wave! Now of course for electrons, it's in 3D, and there are... | [
"Atoms are not smaller than photons. Why would you say they are?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
How can Amazon already have used copies available of a book that came out today? | [
"Presuming these aren't actually used, but booksellers attempting to resell via Amazon copies that they don't think they will able to shift in store."
] | [
"I have never seen an eBook cost more than a physical version of the same book. What makes you think this is a thing that happens?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Publishing:"
} |
. Saw a sign in front of a store that was basically telling the city council to come after them | [
"It might be a form of civil disobedience, refusing to respect the city ordinance as a form of peaceful protest. If you're going by again, why not stop in and ask? It can be fun to learn their views."
] | [
"Who do you think passes those laws. Those senators that are getting their pockets filled. Why would they pass a bill that makes it harder for themselves"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do the physical changes (aging, build) of actors in a TV series or show that spans multiple years appear unnoticeable as it progresses, but the changes seem apparent in a flashback or a past scene? | [
"Just that the changes are too small for you to notice as they happened. Like if you move your bed to the left by 1 inch, you won't notice, but if you keep moving it by 1 inch the same direction, by the end of the week it will be noticeably off-center."
] | [
"It actually isn't. A lot of TV shows film majority of their footage and then edit it together over the season, or film little additional scenes. It's how they can get consistency in a show that runs for half a year but takes place over a few weeks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are there so many more spam calls then in years past? I get 5+ calls a day and don’t know why. | [
"Do you sign up to competitions and the like? Competitions are an easy and cheap way for companies to generate call lists. They then sell those call lists to other companies. I've made it a personal rule that no charity or competition gets my number and I am yet to recieve a cold call in 15+ years."
] | [
"You can purchase huge databases of names & numbers from marketing companies. Or you can look on torrent servers for the same for free. Or you can just sequentially wardial numbers. Out of all of the scam calls I've gotten over the years, only one or two have actually used my name in the call."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Calculus- What is the significance of the second derivative's notation? | [
"thats because y is the function and you are deriving it with respect to x. think of first derivatives they are d/dx (y) second derivative is d/dx d/dx (y)"
] | [
"e is so special because the y coordinate of the function y=e^x at a certain point is also the slope at that point. So the slope at x=3 will be e^3. This property of e and the natural log are very useful when solving problems in calculus involving exponents and such."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do snowflakes crystalize into a single plane rather than growing in 3 dimensions? | [
"This process is called \"terracing\" and is useful for explaining how crystals grow. ELI5: Lets say you have a bunch of rigid boxes with sides 2m long. They are currently sitting around outside and your boss wants you to pack them into a room. Initially, it will be easier for you to just put them each on the grou... | [
"Yes. Water (H2O) is a triangle molecule. When it starts to harden and form crystals it always makes a six sided shape. Each of the six sides can branch at any point, so they are not truly symmetrical."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How is wind chill calculated since it isnt the "real" temperature? | [
"The formula for those of you in the United States, this formula is in Fahrenheit and Miles Per Hour. It is only valid for winds greater than 3 miles per hour and temperatures less than 50 degrees. **Wind Chill = 35.74 + 0.6215 \\* Temperature - 35.75 \\* (WindSpeed \\^ 0.16) + 0.4275 \\* Temperature \\* (WindSpeed... | [
"Thermometers often exploit the fact that materials expand/contract depending on temperature, and different materials do it at different rate. The \"feels like\" temperature is a mix of the real temperature and the humidity. Humidity decreases the ability for sweat to remove heat from the body, so it makes the body... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Science:"
} |
What is a polar vortex and why is the United States' midwest suffering because of it? | [
"At the north and south poles of the earth, there are big pockets of really cold air. It's called a polar vortex because of the location at the poles (polar) and the fact that it flows in a big circle. The North Pole Vortex spins counter clockwise the South Pole Vortex spins clockwise. There are also large, fast, a... | [
"On average, the world - including New England - is warmer. But one of the patterns that has emerged over the past few years is a very, very deep jet stream that pulls very cold air from the Arctic south. When this happens, the places that wouldn't normally get this air get a lot colder than they usually do - but t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why don’t you have a gag reflex when you’re humming? | [
"Nothing is touching the back of your throat or tongue so there is nothing to trigger it. Why do you think sound would trigger it?"
] | [
"That would be your uvula and it's important for your gag reflex such as helping you puke. And since you're 5 if you poke it before school a few times you won't have to go."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
how does vinegar get rid of bad odors? | [
"I'm not sure if Vinegar actually \"absorbs odour\", however it is a mild acid that helps break down mineral deposits, grime, and food thats been caked/burnt onto a stovetop. So, in the context of using vinegar as a way of chemically breaking down mineral deposits. grime etc, it would help you possibly get rid of f... | [
"Put a few grains of rice in what ever spices you're having that problem with. The rice will absorb the moisture that makes it clump."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do people get snuck up on by trains when they're so loud? | [
"Other noise, including other trains. A person was killed in seattle a few years ago standing on tracks watching a train go by on the other tracks. Their friends could see the train behind them and yelled but the victim couldn't hear anything over the first train"
] | [
"I would absolutely be stupid enough to not notice this. I live in the middle of a populous city. At any given time my street has 50 cars on it and a bunch of people milling around. Further, if you're not LOOKING for someone to be staking you out, you're just not going to notice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why/how does audio desync with movies or videos while you’re watching when they're pre-recorded? | [
"On digital recordings, the audio and video are kept on separate tracks. It's like a video file and an audio file are smooshed together and played at the same time. If something goes wrong, one of those tracks can get a little ahead or behind where it's supposed to be."
] | [
"The iPhone saves the video as a normal video with a separate file telling the device which part of it should be slowed-down (because you can still change the slowing down or remove it, it's not fixed in the video itself). For some reason, when exporting the video to other devices, Apple hasn't made it so that it c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When cooking why are we supposed to put a third of an ingredient, mix it, then the next third of it and not mix it all together in one? | [
"There are a couple reasons depending on what is being made. Firstly there is tempering. This is to bring the temperature of a mixture such as eggs or cream to keep from curdling them. Then there is folding. In this case you are mixing a heavy item like chocolate into a light item like whipped cream. By mixing the ... | [
"if you are cooking and not baking, then measurements are pretty irrelevant. You season food to taste not to any specific measurement. You add an onion because you have an onion, it doesn't matter if it is 1 cup or 1.2 cups it will still taste good. Things like that. In the end if you taste your food and adjust acc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
If fingerprints never change, why do fingerprints needs to be taken multiple times(e.g. some health jobs require a fingerprint check every time you renew your license) and why can't various industries talk to each other (e.g job working with children and an application for a gun license)? | [
"For one, there is no almighty database. Different programs use different databases and not all programs are integrated together. Luckily things at getting easier when more and more companies develop an API for their product but that is not a guarantee. As for why the renewal, when having security access it is usua... | [
"They just check their credit history and run background checks. If you aren't in a lot of debt or have a history of being sketchy then you aren't a high risk for committing a felony to leak confidential secrets. Not to mention there are various other safeguards in place to make it difficult for you to steal inform... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What happens to alcholic products like wine or whisky when they are 'aged' and what is the point in doing so? | [
"Basically to add flavor and mellow the alcohol. Once the distillation process is done you have a clear alcohol, think moonshine or everclear. Once it's put into the barrels the alcohol is absorbed into the wood, circulating in and out of the wood. During this process it picks up flavors and color from the wood. Th... | [
"Because many states/countries requires all food and beverages to be marked with an expiration date. It is that simple. Even if you live i a state of country that doesn't have that requirement, chances are that the water you buy will still be marked with an expiration date. Just because it's simpler to mark all the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do Green Heron's necks work? | [
"While I have not yet found a detailed dissection or anything to confirm, I suspect what's going on is they're holding their neck in an \"s-shape\" like [other herons](_URL_0_), and it's merely hidden by it's feathers. More photos and discussion can be [found here.](_URL_1_)"
] | [
"Hollow bones, and a whole lot of other things that make flying animals lightweight and aerodynamic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
how come we in the United States can't afford to pay for healthcare like Canada does? I understand Canada has a lot less people but Canada also brings in a lot less money. PS this is not a political statement at all I live in the US and I really don't care one way or another I have insurance | [
"The US could pay for universal health care several times over. Affording it is not the problem."
] | [
"Hers the thing its a big deal, it helped alot of people, but screwed a few too. Insurance in the USA is a horrible for profit system that doesn't give a krap about the people they insure. This made it possible for people to get insurance, the companies wouldn't insure them before because it wasn't profitable. It a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people that aren't normally suicidal, randomly have the urge or thought to drive into oncoming traffic or other ways to die? | [
"The feeling you're describing is called as L’appel du Vide or the high place phenomenon. The speculation is that when you see somthing like oncoming traffic, you veer away or step back as an instinct, a survival response. But your conscious brain, constructs a rational explanation for the instinct. \"I must have w... | [
"The goal when it comes to suicide prevention is to just make it slightly less convenient in order to buy some time. Mentally unstable or depressed people generally do not want to kill themselves 24/7/365. They usually find themselves in a terrible state of mind for short periods of time, and if you can just keep t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do insects, fish, amphibians, birds etc have seemingly infinite variations of the species...but humans are pretty much black, white, or yellow, and homogenous comparatively? | [
"Human is one specific species of animal and you compare them to a whole family. To make a fair comparaison you should compare fish, amphibians or bird vs mammals. And there is a lot of variations of species for mammals too. The skin color of human is just one variation within the same species, just like height or ... | [
"Everyone adapted to their \"homeland\" at one point or another. For instance, African skin is darker to protect against the harsh sunlight. Some people believe the Asian eye structure (for the love of fuck, do not call them \"chinky\" unless you want me to reach through the internet and choke you) is the result of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
how can someone with a physically smaller muscle lift more than someone with a bigger muscle. | [
"Lifting is a lot more than muscle mass. Technique makes a huge difference. If you learn good form, you initially see very large improvements, even for your current muscle mass. More working out with excellent form perfects your lifts and builds specialized muscle mass."
] | [
"fatter people do get bigger muscles than average yes. but the muscles struggle to move all the fat."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do emergency sirens sound different in the US versus in Europe? | [
"There's no single standard for emergency sirens on vehicles, and different companies make different siren technologies, and different police forces buy from different siren companies."
] | [
"There is much greater adoption of public transportation in Europe than in the US."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
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