query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why do games render cutscenes real time instead of the cutscene just being a video that plays? | [
"More flexible and cheaper. In-game cutscenes mean you don't need external models and art, in addition to tooling; you can use your engine for everything. It's also easier to change something. If you want to change what happens, then you just do it; you don't have to re-render it. Also ages better, though I'm not ... | [
"I'm no expert, but here's my basic understanding of it: GIFs are basically a bunch of images lined up and played in order like a flip book. This can make really long GIFs massive in size, which would take ages to load since they have to save every single frame. GIFV on the other hand is more like an MP4, where it... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does music give so many people pleasure? Is there a dopamine release in there somewhere, and if so how does a purely auditory input cause it? | [
"Composers use special mayor/ minor harmonic tones/strains to instill “happy, obscure, bright or melancholic” feelings in melodies. I am not a composer, but my son is, and I am a psychologist. When you listen attentively to music -different genres- you can feel the different moods music can provoke. It is a very so... | [
"Putting on lipstick makes you feel more attractive, which releases brain chemicals that make you happier. Surfing the internet stimulates various parts of the brain depending on what you're looking at, which again is usually a pleasurable experience, and any pleasurable experience alters brain chemistry (actually,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why does foam from a carbonated drink dissipate faster when you hold your finger in it? | [
"The natural oils on your skin breaks the surface tension of the bubbles (foam is just a ton of tiny bubbles), which is what holds them together."
] | [
"because of air flow. when you pour out of a bottle, you get that 'glug glug glug' thing happen, where a bunch of water comes out, then there's a short break before the next bunch. this is because as the water blocks the lid area of the bottle, the bottle becomes airtight, and the rest of the water cannot flow even... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How were Music Videos (the ones that came out before computers were capable of editing videos) actually made? Like, how did most music videos make smooth transitions and how were they able to make special effects without CGI? | [
"Lots of cool effects can be done with props and other things, and one *could* splice sections of film together to edit a video together"
] | [
"Rotoscoping is the correct answer. Rotoscoping is defined as any technique whereby animation is created on top of live footage, either with the intention to replace it entirely or to integrate it into the original shot. The technology we use to achieve this in modern day filmmaking is different from the techniques... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about music industry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about music industry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When someone dies while they’re sleeping, would they have survived if they were awake at that time? | [
"I'm not a Doctor, however I've worked as a medic for the last 10 years so here goes. Generally when people die in there sleep (excluding cases of SIDS) they are dying due to either a heart attack (myocardial infarction) or due to suffering a stroke, or aneurysm. Generally they are severe enough that the person wou... | [
"A sudden death would be a death that was completely unexpected, such as being hit by a car out of nowhere and dying instantly, or being shot without expecting it. An example of a not sudden death would be dying in a hospital after being given 2 months to live. It is expected and people know it will happen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
When using a phone on speaker, how does the phone cancel out the incoming noise of the persons voice on the other side? | [
"When on speaker phone mode, the phone compares the audio it picks up with it's mic to the audio it knows it's sending out of the speaker. Anything that's the same gets cancelled out. The algorithms are more sophisticated than that but that's the basic idea. & #x200B; When in regular handset mode, the mic is too f... | [
"I don't think that's what OP is asking. You can have a phone on silent, sitting next to other electronic devices, and you'll often hear very distinct electronic buzzing type noises from the other devices specifically when the cell phone is ringing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the feeling of butterflies in your stomach, and is there any way for it to be consciously controlled? | [
"It’s the fight or flight response isn’t it? There are ways to manage it (see: people who have anxiety) but once your brain perceives an external risk and starts pumping adrenaline I’m not sure that it can be controlled. This is my very basic understanding & happy to be corrected."
] | [
"The anxiety is the root cause - you are anxious about something related to your romantic misadventures because the person you love seems much more important than anything you can think about. Anxiety leads you to make unhealthy decisions during the day, which makes it harder to fall asleep at night, permitting you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do people shake when they are angry? | [
"It's adrenaline, anger induces adrenalind. It causes muscles to twitch, therefore its technically more ready to do something. Usually when you're angry you feel the need to move either in a violent or escaping from situation. Fight or flight in a nutshell."
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What happens if you get excess skin removal surgery after losing weight, but you get fat again? | [
"The above comments are why it’s better to develop healthy habits rather than use methods like surgery. There are plenty of people who get liposuction just to gain the weight right back because they didn’t do anything to keep it off."
] | [
"You build muscle and stimulate fat loss with exercise and burning calories. You can still lose weight by eating less, but if you also exercise you lower your risk for a lot of diseases related to your heart. Just my best guess honestly, I am not an expert on this at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
The American sales tax system. Why can't the price on the shelf just be what it costs and have sales tax included? As a tourist it is incredibly frustrating. | [
"It makes people feel like they're spending less money, and also people are more likely to buy it if it goes over their budget at the register just because they're embarrassed to put it back."
] | [
"You do. You just have to pay it yourself come tax time. You can only be charged sales tax online if you live in the same state as the site you're buying from. If you don't, you're supposed to, as part of your state taxes, calculate how much you spent on online purchases, then pay the state sales tax on that. The a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Prey animals have eyes on their sides, right? If so, why do Hammerhead Sharks have eyes so far apart? | [
"Hammerhead sharks apparently have significant overlap in their field of vision which makes their ability to track prey with binocular vision adequate. However it may also come down to the idea that the hammerhead shark doesn't use its eyes primarily to track prey it is trying to bite, rather the sensitive electro ... | [
"As a counterexample, whales and dolphins have their nostril (blowhole) above the eyes on top of the head, and the eyes and mouth are roughly on the same level. [pic.](_URL_0_) This is for the obvious reason of allowing them to breathe while remaining mostly underwater. For the same reason hippo's nostrils are just... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How likely is it that Earth is the only planet with living beings, and that humans are the only species that have the intelligence to speak, create, develop etc? | [
"We don't really have great way to actually put a number to it, but the general consensus among scientists is that it's essentially a certainty that there *is* other intelligent life out there. Based on our current knowledge of exoplanets, it's estimated there as many as *40 billion* Earth-like planets in our galax... | [
"Because you then realize how insignificant we are compared to the Universe and there are other civilizations probably out there that we don't know about and the fact that our solar system harbored the right conditions for us to exist in a safe area of the galaxy is a miracle. Also we could be ended at any moment w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If the engines on a plane stopped mid-flight, to what capacity would the aircraft fly like a paper aeroplane? | [
"It won’t. All modern airliners are able to glide to a landing if all engines fail. Pretty neat!"
] | [
"A decent number of people will pass out the first time they jump from a plane. Stress like a life or death situation only makes this worse. So a lot of people would never pull their chute and fall to their deaths. Compare this to a jet that, even without power, is designed with a 30:1 glide ratio. For every foot t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do animals eyes glow when they have light shined on them? | [
"Super basically, the way that eyes in general work is light hits the back of the eye (the retina) and then goes through processing in the retina and brain to create images and allow us to see. Unlike humans, some animals (mostly nocturnal mammals or fish) have a special reflective surface on their retina called t... | [
"The inside of your eye is not completely black as it would appear through your pupil. You can see the reflection if sufficiently illuminated (e.g. flash)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What is a 'sigh of relief' biologically? | [
"When you exhale, you release some tension from the body. A sigh of relief is simply exaggerating that– you let out a good exhale now that you can relax for a bit."
] | [
"What do you mean by the 'earliest breeds'?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does a smartphone gyroscope work? | [
"Instead of spinning disks like a traditional gyroscope, phones use vibrating weights. When you have an object shaking back and forth, that shaking remains even if you rotate the device. So, if you have a device with a shaking weight travelling left-to-right, and then rotate the entire device, including the weight,... | [
"It works like any other basic compass. You don't need service to utilize the earth's magnetic field."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Is it ok to eat a bunch of salt if I drink a lot of water to flush it down? If yes/no, why? | [
"It’s probably better to drink water than not, but excess salt intake over time leads to chronically increased blood pressure above your baseline, regardless of the additional water. This relationship is not linear though. If you routinely have 5g of salt per day and sometimes have 6, it will effect your blood pres... | [
"It can be a sign of diabetes but it can also be a sign of dehydration. Drink more water for a few days and see if it goes away. Or it could just mean you've eaten too much sugar, even if you're not diabetic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do Experts learn to read ancient languages? | [
"Having a rosetta stone helps. (Hyroglyphics----- > lLatin----- > English) If you cannot read whatit started as, maybe you can see if anything influenced it, or if it had influence on other languages. Are there any pictograms or reoccuring image word combinations? Most languages have a logic to them an professional... | [
"Why aren’t Americans trying to speak the Native American language?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is Cancer so prevalent today? | [
"Cancer is largely a disease of old age. The longer you live the more likely you are to get cancer of some sort or another. Historically, a lot of people didn’t live long enough to get cancer. On top of this, detection is getting better, so more cancers are caught, or are caught earlier, than was the case in the pa... | [
"Do you have Diabetes? There is also something called Maple Syrup urine disease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how did the cum-ex scandal work? How did the banks cheat the tax authorities in Germany? | [
"In Germany you have to pay taxes on any dividend you receive. In many case however you will get it refunded. Cum-ex is just a complicated way to get the refund twice while paying the tax only once. Person A would shortsell some stock to person B right before a dividend is paid. This means that A only sells a guar... | [
"To help out their traders as mates, Banks globally rigged interest rates, Damages could exceed Five times world GDP and send powerful groups to their fates."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do antidepressants make you feel worse for the first few weeks? | [
"When it does start affecting mood you stop been numb. When your depression is making everything seem muted then when your emotions start coming back you feel like shit. Also a big problem with them and the reason they increase risk of suicide is because for the first few days/weeks they start to give you energy ... | [
"Depends on the vitamin. If you have scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency) and start taking vitamin C, it can make you substantially better in as little as 8-16 hours. If you have a Vitamin D deficiency, and start taking vitamin D, it might not have a noticeable affect for more than a week."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What makes emo music emo? | [
"So it has to do with the overall key of the music and the lyrics set to them. Most keys that emo songs are in are minor keys meaning in a chord you would have a root note we’ll call this (1), a third that is flat (or a half step lower) we’ll call this (3b) and a fifth (5). This is a very basic structure for a mino... | [
"That one song is better than all of their other ones?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Music:"
} |
Can water clean dirty water? | [
"I'm no scientist but I believe if you add clean water to dirty water, you end up with more dirty water."
] | [
"Hot water. The same way most places do it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
if an ice pack applied to the skin is supposed to cause vasoconstriction, why does our skin go red? | [
"Rebound vasodilation in response to the cold. Maximum vasoconstriction occurs about 10 minutes after cold exposure. Then vessels dilate to attempt to rewarm and mitigate tissue damage, resulting in a flushed appearance. This reaction occurs cyclically, particularly in the hands and fingers, known at the [Hunting ... | [
"It pulls water from the cells lining the skin, causing them to dry out somewhat, and they signal that stress as a burning sensation. It makes you feel warm because, when inside the body, acting as a drug, it dilates (makes expand) blood vessels, allowing more blood to flow to your skin, hands and feet, making them... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Are objects in free fall weightless? Why? | [
"While the objects are \"weightless\" in the sense that if you had an object on a scale in an elevator and the elevator went into free fall the scale would read 0. However, the objects in free fall continue to have mass and are affected by gravity (they are being accelerated by it)."
] | [
"Because in a vacuum a moving object has no resistance acting on it. Clarify the second part of the question please."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do submarines operate with the ability to 'see' underwater? | [
"Submarines are generally in the opean ocean where there is nothing around them. The ocean floor will be miles below them so there's no risk of them running into a rock. Interestingly enough, one serious hazard is submarines running into each other. When they're on the hunt they don't use sonar because that gives ... | [
"Because every part of the submarine is designed to make it as hard to find as possible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
the cremation process. | [
"The body is put into a cardboard box an put into a huge wall oven. After it finishes burning they sift through what is left and take out any metal you may have had in you like metal plates or screws or anything like that. They put that in a small bag. And set it aside. The small bone pieces that have not turned to... | [
"There is its called florescent lighting. Edit: typo"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Technology:"
} |
Dutch disease and de-industrialization? | [
"1. Your small country finds oil (or gold or anything) 2. Your small country exports the newly found riches 3. Your small country has huge influx of dollars 4. Dollars are cheap as a result 5. It's cheaper to import goods rather than manufacture them locally 6. Local manufacturers go bust"
] | [
"Monopoly or Oligopoly and Cartel behaviors along with a broken copyright system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do roosters have whole a different name than chickens? | [
"Chicken is the non-gendered name for the species, like \"dog\" or \"human\". Male chicken is rooster/cockerel/cock. Female chicken is hen. Hen is such a nice short word. Why we don't use it more is beyond me."
] | [
"Brown eggs come from brown chickens with red lobes. White eggs come from white chickens with white lobes. No nutritional difference."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Language and Etymology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Language and Etymology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do security detectors work? They can catch stolen items through clothes, bags, etc, but I need to try to scan my milk 3 times with no success? | [
"The security devices are generally using a RFID system. It just has to detect a field that the security tag has (its a passive system) from the base station.. Barcodes need to scan specific information (to differentiate one product form another and actually perform a database lookup). They are completely different... | [
"Are you confusing an X-ray and a metal detector? A metal detector will be set off by anything metallic, your keys, change, laptop or a gun. It doesn’t really scan for things. A X-ray will show you the contents of a bag, and you can (sort of) visually distinguish each item"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
if someone did a Hollywood heist on your bank and took all its money would your bank card still be able to buy things? | [
"Yes. For several reasons. One reason being, that a bank franchise has many buildings - and just one building has been emptied out. Far more importantly though, a bank robber can only steal the bank's physical money. But these days banks typically do not have a lot of actually money at hand. The overwhelming majori... | [
"They don't, it s a novelty item. They're usually also given a genuine check that they can cash an any bank just like anything else. Or they might also use electronic fund transfer to deposit the money directly into their accounts."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If there are so many strains of the common cold, why isn't any of them deadly? | [
"It’s a group of viruses lumped together into a layman term “the common cold” precisely because they tend to cause similar and non-deadly symptoms. Within the different types they mutate slightly as well, evading rapid immune detection. If a virus causes a more significant or unique illness it tends to be specified... | [
"There are exactly zero viruses that we know how to cure. Influenza? Nope. Chicken Pocks? Nope. HPV? Nope. When people give you medicine for viral infections its either an antibiotic (might treat symptoms, extremely bad idea) or a medicine specially designed for treating the symptoms. That's it. The medicine makes ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Medical:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Medical:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is 7700 kcal equivalent to 1kg? | [
"Think of it like gasoline (petrol) on your car. We normally measure fuel by volume (gallons or liters) but we could measure it by weight. And calories are just energy; in the case of car fuel or fat (body fuel) it’s stored energy. Just like gas in your gas tank your fat cells are stored energy. And just like car f... | [
"Because there is more demand for the 20oz than the 2 liter."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do our bodies break down over time? | [
"Your cell's DNA is like a paper manual for what it needs to do. Every time that cell divides, it photocopies the manual and gives a copy to the new cell. However, every photocopy can only be as good as the original copy and may also result in a lower quality. The original copy may also get some wear as you flip th... | [
"Initially it would, but the way your body processes, stores, and disposes of the waste is where the difference lies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
the difference between IMAX 3D, Dolby Digital 3D, and Real 3D? | [
"Imax is big, real big, need special cameras big Dolby digital uses circular polarized lenses and can be on a bigger screen than Real D. If you are in the side seats you are less likely to get blur. It also uses a silver backing screen like the old movies which actually results in deeper blacks and whiter whites be... | [
"Regular 35mm is around 4K equivalent. 70mm is at most 2x wider and 1.2x taller, the Hateful Eight is 2.76:1, putting it at around 8200x3000. 70mm IMAX (Interstellar, The Dark Knight, Star Wars Ep VII (though only 1 scene), etc.) is 3x the size of 70mm (and rotated 90°), putting it at around 11800x8200."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does the water behind a boat become incredibly smooth for a period after the boat passes? | [
"It displaces the water it’s moving through, as the waves move in behind it to fill back up the open space they’re equidistant and when they collide they cancel each other out until the tide naturally takes over again."
] | [
"The ball is moving as fast as the car when you throw it in the air. Also, the air in the car's cabin is calm, so it will not \"blow\" the ball backwards. If someone throws a ball up while the driver accelerates rapidly, however, then the ball will move toward the back of the cabin in a noticeable amount."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What are the usual “Natural Flavors/Colors” in foods, and why are companies getting away with using these vague descriptions? | [
"Natural colors can be things like annatto, a reddish-orange dye made from the seed of the achiote or caramel coloring, made from caramelized sugar. Examples of natural flavors are compounds derived from spices or fruits. They can use such vague descriptions because there's no law requiring them to be more specific... | [
"No, of course not. First of all, the large majority of people who study this sort of thing agree that MSG is fine. That's a lot of misconception. If it's an added ingredient people go \"OMG MSG is so bad for you!\" But if it's part of the mushroom you added it's \"an exotic umami flavor from truffles\". \"Natural ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If heat rises, why are the tops of mountains snowy? Not the bottom? | [
"The air at the top of the mountain is much thinner. So, it can't hold as much heat as thicker air at the base. Hot air rises but as it rises it will spread out and cool down. This effect is what creates a lot of weather systems."
] | [
"The sky isn't clear because it's cold, it's cold because the sky is clear. Clouds act like a blanket that keep the warmth radiating from the earth's surface escaping into the upper atmosphere so easily. Without the clouds, the heat escapes. This is why deserts are usually freezing cold at night - no moisture for c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why isn't medium rare chicken a thing? | [
"Consuming raw chicken can lead to illness from campylobacter, salmonella and E. coli. You must make sure chicken is thoroughly cooked through, with no pink meat remaining and that juices are clear."
] | [
"Maybe they use dark meat in Canada? It's probably a lot cheaper."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do flight suits or g suits work and what do they do for military jet pilots? | [
"One of the effects of high Gs is that your blood pools in your legs - it's pushed to the outside of the curve along with the rest of your body. This causes blackouts as your brain is deprived of oxygen. G suits have inflatable sections in the thighs that squeeze the legs tight and prevent the blood from pooling th... | [
"So many reasons: - There's not enough oxygen at aircraft cruising levels to be able to breathe - It's too cold at aircraft cruising levels to be able to survive outside the aircraft - Passengers would need training in how to use the parachute safely - Asking people to use their parachute would cause so much panic ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What determines the direction (and speed) of tectonic plates? | [
"There are convection currents in the mantle of the earth that rise and sink cyclically. These are what the plates float on and move around on. We can tell where they were in the past by deposits of fossils unique to an area in a specific rock layer. For example, if there’s tropical shells in a layer, then above t... | [
"The North and South Pole just represents the top and bottom of the axis that Earth rotates on. Whether the area is land or ocean is unrelated, and just depends on the movement of tectonic plates and icebergs over millions of years"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Geology:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Geology:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do we get weather data and how come it's so unreliable sometimes? | [
"It’s a very very complicated system. There is a network of weather reporting systems. Meteorologists take the information reported from those systems and plug those into simulations. Unfortunately weather is extremely sensitive to tiny differences in measurements. Imaging a simulation running on the real data an... | [
"It means that on others days in the past that had the same conditions as today, (such as temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind speed, cloud cover, etc,) it rained on about half of them, and on the other half of those days it didn't rain. So because we can only predict future events based on the past, the best ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about weather:"
} |
What are the procedures and different types of headlights to not make them seem like high beams? | [
"The blue white ones are HID headlamps. They use an electric arc to create a really intense light. THey're supposed to be used with [projector lenses](_URL_1_) like this. Unfortunately projector lenses are pretty expensive to buy and install, and a lot of people don't realize that you need those lenses, so they i... | [
"Cars use photo sensors, sometimes on the dash under a frosted cover and sometimes in the back of the mirror. They aren't usually on the outside, that would expose them to environmental effects."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How is it that the metric system is not universally accepted, yet we use the same time system ? | [
"We don't use the same time system. Well over Half the world has no idea what Daylight Savings Time is. China doesn't do Time Zones. Iran, Afghanistan, and India use 1/2 hour time zones. As for the Units, It's not arbitrary. It's based on celestial movement, which is the same worldwide."
] | [
"It makes about as much sense as an entire nation using the imperial measurement system while the rest of the world uses metric: someone decided it would be that way one day, made it a standard, and now people just use it. If it makes you feel any better, the US Military uses dd/mm/yyyy for all official forms."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
how can you take antibiotics to kill an infection with the antibiotics seemingly having no impact on your organs? | [
"Most antibiotics target a process found in bacteria that are not found in our cells like a cell wall. Most antibiotics target the cell well and disrupt its formation that will lead to the destruction of the cell. However some antibiotics do target things that are similar in both cells but those are rarely prescrib... | [
"To ensure all of the bacteria are actually dead. If you quit when the symptoms subside it's very likely the infection isn't entirely gone yet. Not only that but the bacteria remaining are the ones that were best able to resist the antibiotics thus making it harder and harder to get rid of the infection entirely. P... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How is nuclear energy cleaner than other methods of renewable energy like wind energy and solar energy? | [
"I believe it all comes down to the sheer amount of energy that is produced vs materials and upkeep needed. For instance a wind turbine costs thousands of dollars worth of materials and only has a lifespan of about 25 years or so. But nuclear energy lasts much longer and delivers much more power for a lower price p... | [
"Non-electric cars run on some form of fossil fuel that is extremely polluting. When you use electricity instead you have more options for producing the energy fueling the cars. So it becomes possible to use less polluting energy sources like solar power, wind power or even nuclear energy. Edited to be more clear"
... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Gyroscopic precession - WHY does it exist? | [
"A combination of angular momentum and Newtons 1st law. A spinning object will have it's energy and momentum concentrated about the axis. This is why [galaxies and solar systems](_URL_0_) always arrange themselves in a disc spiral. Once it is spinning, it stays more stable, because an object in motion tends to st... | [
"Put simply, when you push on one side of a gyroscope, the force is transferred to the other side, because it is spinning, thus bringing it back to balance. Gyroscopic principle. There is a great article about it at _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does dust affect the software performance of PCs? | [
"Dust does not directly impact software. The dust gets onto various components in the computer / laptop and then causes 1 of 3 issues. 1) The most common, the layer of dust begins to act like an insulating blanket and causes things to overheat. Then things break or performance slows down as more intelligent devices... | [
"A lot of hard drives, a lot of servers, a lot of bandwidth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does a 60hz computer monitor feel like a PowerPoint after using 144hz, but a 60hz phone feels smooth? | [
"Just because your monitor can output 60 frames doesn't mean your computer is generating 60 frames. There are many things that can affect the actual output framerate such as power of your graphics card, workload of the system."
] | [
"You can definitely perceive the difference between a 60hz, 120hz, and 240hz led tv. Maybe you are thinking of frame rate? I would not buy a 60hz led tv you'll definitely notice ghosting and stuttering."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
If a person dies of organ failure such as liver or kidneys, what alerts their body that the rest of the organs can now stop working? | [
"There's no signal. The liver doesn't die and send a signal out for everything else to immediately stop. It dies and stops doing its job of filtering out toxins, which causes toxins to damage, and eventually kill, the other organs."
] | [
"There are a variety of things. For example if the kidneys or liver are damaged and can't be repaired, then the body can't do the processing it needs and the body slowly poisons itself. An initially survived head trauma could lead to swelling that proves fatal. If the bleeding is internal, pumping more blood into t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
the need to have 8333% the daily value of a vitamin, B for example, when 100% seems reasonable... | [
"I assume you are talking about B12. B12 is very poorly absorbed, especially all at once and for some people. Only the connection between the small and large intestines can absorb it, and it requires a protein transporter. The rest of the B12 is just pooped out. I don't know of any other vitamins as poorly absorbed... | [
"Yes, most are taken from experimental or calculated data. They are recommendations because its still a bit of a grey area for nutritional science. Humans have done many studies on important nutrients and the different uses our body has for them, so some see a greater importance because they're more critical in our... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do you have a deepened voice right after waking up? | [
"just like any muscle in your body the vocal chords relax and become loosey goosey when you sleep due to not using them. they have a much more pronounced reverberation when barely waking up because of their lack of tension. as you use your voice more throughout the day they tighten to become your normal voice."
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can the real feel be higher then the actual temperature | [
"One of the biggest ways of cooling down the human body has is sweating. When water evaporates, it takes some thermal energy with it. The high \"real feel\" temperatures are generally because of high humidity, where your sweat can't evaporate and thus cannot cool you down."
] | [
"I usually see the opposite, unless the shorter time is at a higher temperature."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does the curing light at a dentist’s office do? | [
"Basically, the resin that the dentists apply to your teeth is made up of short-chain compounds, which is why they can flow easily. Shining the light on the compound induces chemical changes that make the compounds get a lot longer and tangle up with itself, causing it to harden and attach to the surrounding tooth.... | [
"A cavity, enamel loss, damage to teeth which leads to microscopically exposed nerves etc. Your teeth should not hurt when you are eating sweets. Ask a dentist. Like, quickly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does canned, bottled, and fountain coke taste different? | [
"To start with, they all come from a different source. There are regional distributors that can an bottle coke, while fountain coke is mixed from syrup right there in the machine. It would be impossible to calibrate all the millions of fountains to exact mixture specifications. Common rumor is that the fountains t... | [
"Nearly everywhere you can get coke, you can also buy *bottled* water. So the short answer is, people are willing to pay for coke and for bottled water, but not clean tap water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does NASA figure out where to send rovers when sending them to outer space? | [
"The rovers that landed on Mars were launched after nearly 50 years of study from orbit and other probes. Plus centuries of observation from Earth. _URL_0_ Find an area on the planet that has stuff you want research using the sensors on the probe, has the terrain the rover can navigate. There are studies with the s... | [
"There's no wind in space, but there's wind in Jupiter's atmosphere, just like there's wind here on Earth. The probe will reach Jupiter the same way that other probes have been sent to planets before."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
why does your nose get stuffy when you cry? | [
"There’s a small duct that goes from your eye to your nose. So when you cry , the excess fluid goes through this duct (the nasolacrimal duct) into your nasal passages."
] | [
"You ALWAYS breathe through only one nasal passage, not just when you're sick. The More You Know..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:"
} |
When you pour a liquid from a container why does some of it roll down the outer side of the container and drip at the peak | [
"It’s called surface tension. The molecules slightly drip over the edge microscopically and more follow quickly. _URL_0_"
] | [
"When you pour the glass of water, there will be some gasses actually dissolved in the liquid. Oxygen for example, dissolves better as the water gets colder. While you leave the glass sitting the water warms up and the gasses can no longer remain dissolved so they form small bubbles in the water, float to the top a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What is actually so amazing about the pyramids, and is their construction well understood? | [
"No, you've got it right. There's nothing specifically miraculous about their construction, beyond the enormous focus of a society's resources on a single project. The architectural and logistical elements are impressive, but nothing that would have been conceptually unusual. It's just that they actually followed t... | [
"Nothing is that \"special\" about it per se, but it's just a huge mystery. It took over 1000 years to build and we still don't know how people that long ago did it. In doing a little bit of research I found that some people think it's an ancient burial ground, while others think its a monument of sorts. Currently,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do cellphone screen protectors that allow a phone to be hit by a hammer and not have the screen crack work? | [
"Watched a demonstration in a networking group from a Verizon employee. She raved about the screen protector, then hit it with a hammer. It shattered. She was mortified. Man it was fun."
] | [
"Even though plastic screens don't crack and cost less, glass screens are more durable in the end. Glass cracks sure, but they don't get scratched as much, which is mostly what happens. Most phones are scratched more often than cracked so it's better in the long run. Think if you had to put your phone in the same p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:"
} |
How does deep ocean pressure compare to that in space? | [
"In space, there is no atmosphere. To liken the two, I draw upon the wisdom of Matt Groening. “We’re so deep, it’s the equivalent of over 150 atmospheres of pressure! How much can this vessel withstand?” “Well, it’s a spaceship, so I’m guessing between 0 and 1.”"
] | [
"They evolved specifically for that pressure, and can't live anywhere else. Their bodies contain very little gas and contain a lot more water. Similar to taking a water balloon to the bottom of the ocean."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why old people like bingo? | [
"Gets you out of the house. Can be social with friends and regulars. Potential to win money. No casinos in the area."
] | [
"Why do British people say mate or git?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the USPS so unprofitable? | [
"1. They need permission anytime they want to raise their prices. 2. They have a *gigantic* pension obligation to numerous former workers. 3. They are required to serve even the most remote locations without charging extra."
] | [
"Have you been paying attention to the news at all this past year? FIFA is astonishingly corrupt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
how come cantonese speakers can understand some mandarin but mandarin speakers usually cant recognize the similarities between cantonese to mandarin | [
"One reason is that Mandarin has four tones. Cantonese has seven tones, making it harder to guess which word is being said due to the large number of different inflections. Likewise, there are more Mandarin speakers than Cantonese speakers. A Cantonese speaker is more likely to come across a Mandarin speaker and pi... | [
"Today, most people will know two dialects: Mandarin and their local dialect. There are local differences in Mandarin too, but they are subtle, just like comparing UK English to US English. Also, written language is same regardless of dialect, except for subtle differences, just like with UK English to US English. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Acetylcholine and Serotonin relationship | [
"Serotonin and acetylcholine are part of a category of functional molecules known as neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter for most of the parasympathetic nervous system, as well as various pathways in the brain. Serotonin has multiple functions, one of which involves gut functioning. It ... | [
"Moods are caused by a release of chemicals in your brain. These chemicals correspond to different moods. These responses are triggered by different stimuli. We have these reactions, because they encourage us to make the world better and are thus evolutionarily beneficial, this is the reason we feel sorrow in respo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come the majority of mental illnesses seem to emerge during adolescence? | [
"I studied brain science in university. This is not really the case. Many (like autism) are visible during childhood, and some (like schizophrenia) tend to emerge after age 20. Depression often appears in the teen years, and *stress* is a major reason why. Children are under less stress than teens. Even so, perhaps... | [
"Because depression is a mental illness caused by chemical imbalances in the brain. How affluent you are doesn't affect it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is iron as in the construction material the same as the nutrient? | [
"Yes it is. If you put iron fortified cereal in a blender with water, blend it, and then put a magnet against the glass, it will pull in metallic iron from the mush to the magnet. Iron oxide, or rust, is the same chemistry that allows your blood to transport oxygen around your body, and is why it is the color it i... | [
"Because you have a significant amount of iron in your blood."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The United States is over $22 trillion in debt. What does that mean? | [
"Not a whole lot, actually. Somewhere between 70-80% of that debt is held by American citizens in the form of bonds, including savings bonds. Bonds are heavily used as a stable investment to protect your money from inflation (the rates on the bonds basically keep up with the rate of inflation). And none of the debt... | [
"You're only bankrupt if you can't make payments on your debts. Fortunately, $15 trillion in debt isn't that bad when your GDP is $15 trillion. Hell, I owe $100,000 on my house, and I only make $75,000. Does that mean I'm bankrupt, according to your logic?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do some of us find it so much more satisfying to eat yogurt off of a smaller spoon? | [
"Surface area difference of food to taste buds/nasal passages. Sipping a drink versus chugging a drink makes for very different tasting experiences."
] | [
"Because it's a fruit. Fruits are sometimes not popular when there is a lot of meat around. When there is an abundance of salami or sausage in the house, fruits are frowned upon by some. Personally, I like a fruit by my salami. Sweet and salty all the way!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do maintenance personnel know how and where to replace electric and phone cables when it's underground? | [
"You can send a signal down the line and have it bounce back at the break. Time how long it takes and use math to determine the length the signal travelled and there's your break."
] | [
"Well a lot of power lines are underground now, but long transmission lines are up high for several reasons: - The transfer of electrical energy has a byproduct of generated heat. Placing the lines with plenty of moving air helps to cool the transmission element (wires) and preserve their integrity - It would be wa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did baby boomers destroy the economy? | [
"They didn't. They're just a big demographic lump that pumped up the cost of everything they wanted when they wanted it. They wanted houses, so the price went through the roof. They wanted equities so the price went through the roof. They wanted their children to go to university, so the cost of university went thr... | [
"Here's what I learned from this thread: - Life wasn't really that good anyway - It's my own fault for not saving - My standards are higher than people back then - We have too many bills now - Women joined the workforce - The politicians did it - The jobs went overseas - Corporate executives are taking more money t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What exactly is MSG and why does it have a bad repuatation in foods. | [
"MSG is mono-sodium glutamate, a salt of glutamic acid, which itself is a naturally occurring amino acid which is essential for life. MSG has a bad reputation because it is used widely in Asian cuisine, and became an easy scapegoat for customers feeling unwell after eating Asian foods. After all, a strange white po... | [
"There are studies that grilled meats are bad, that cured meats are bad. That sugar is bad. That salt is bad. Fat, carbs, some fish, pork... on and on and on and on. Milk provides Vitamin D, potassium, B12, Calcium... in a convenient package. We've been eating dairy from cows for thousands of years, in the form of ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What is it about smoking cigarettes/tobacco/nicotine that actually harms your body? | [
"A lot of it is inhaling a burning plant. While vaping isn’t harmless, that’s the big difference in what chemicals are being ingested. Nicotine is a stimulant, so on one hand it’s like caffeine but it’s far more addictive. It’s incredibly difficult to deal with nicotine addiction. This makes nicotine withdrawal to... | [
"It's not the tobacco that's addictive. It's the nicotine in cigarettes that is addictive. Hookah does not typically contain nicotine."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do humans have visibly distinct belly buttons when other mammals do not? | [
"Other animals most definitely do, but the main difference is they are generally covered in fur or hair whereas humans are not, so ours are much more visible."
] | [
"Because only mammals have breasts because they nurture their young with their mammary glands. Most mammals I can think of have breasts, they are called udders and they hang from the top. Cows, Pigs, Antelope, Cats, Dogs all have breats. Human breasts maybe unique in that we are bipedal and they hagd in front us ra... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
} |
How does cooking something change its caloric content? | [
"Calories are a measure of how much energy we can absorb from food. Cooking can result in waste products, like grease (in the case of fatty foods) or myoglobin (in the case of meats), which reduces the number of calories in the food item. Cooking can also break down proteins, amino acids, starches, or other compou... | [
"Because calories are a measure of energy and have nothing to do with how full something makes you feel."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What EXACTLY is an AV Club? | [
"Do you mean the \"audio visual\" club? It's a group of students, usually technically inclined, who are trained to operate audio and video equipment (movie projectors and the like) in school. It's considered the domain of nerds. Cool kids go out for football."
] | [
"Are all of your electronic made by Apple?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is there a double standard between use and impairment in drug testing (for employment for example), between alcohol and other drugs? | [
"Because one is LEGAL and one is NOT. Marijuana is still very much illegal on the federal level. So contrary to OPs thought about it being legal. It is not. Federal law superceeds state law. Now. You can also test for impairment on marijuana too. (Standardized field sobriety tests for alcohol work on marijuana too)... | [
"Being addictive is only one consideration given to whether something is considered controlled. Other major factors include how likely a side effect might occur from using the drug and how severe those side effect can be. Another consideration is how the drug affects people, especially during long term use. Each co... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Do children operate without a specfic sex hormone before puberty? If so, how? | [
"No. Both boys and girls have testosterone and estrogen, but very little of either. Puberty results a surge of testosterone in men and estrogen in women. Even as adults, men still have some estrogen and women still have some testosterone."
] | [
"It really is based on genetics and the environment, like most things in biology. It starts with adrenarche, then spermarche (sperm production, first ejaculation) for males and menarche (first period) for females. As far as I'm aware, it's encoded in your genes, but there isn't a lot of solid evidence of this. Girl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What makes a substance carcinogenic? How does it interact with healthy cells to create cancer? | [
"There are 2 main types of carcinogen. Mutagens which actively mutate DNA. These are things like smoke and radiations. These change the way cells act and can cause precancerous growth. And Promoters. Which are far broader. These are any thing that promotes excessive proliferation. These are like alchohol and ulcers... | [
"We know the root cause of cancer, cells that multiply uncontrollably due to some sort of mutation or defect. Each type of cancer requires different methods to treat however due to the nature of the type of cell infected."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does most of the pens have a small hole in the middle of their body? | [
"It depends on what you mean. The cap on pens tends to have a hole to prevent them stopping people from breathing if they are accidentally swallowed, and also to allow an outlet to stop suction which would otherwise prevent their removal. You might instead mean the tiny hole on the side of a plastic pen body, rough... | [
"Quite often the details are printed on the coloured sheath along the length of the cable."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do large amounts of clear water look blue? | [
"The water is blue as red, yellow and orange wavelengths of light are absorbed much more than blue wavelength by water. So, the blue wavelength of light is mostly reflected back, and this light reaches our eyes, giving the sensation of clear blue water. Hope I could help ;)"
] | [
"It gets absorbed by microscopic (or larger) particles in the water. This causes the amount of light as you go down to slowly decrease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How would an average American citizen be affected by the "national emergency" status in USA? | [
"Unless someone lived on the border with Mexico or was extreme obsessed about how every dollar of taxpayer money is spent, the average person would not see anything."
] | [
"How would the president conduct a hostile takeover without the military? Also a takeover of what?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do cough-remedies work? | [
"Codeine is the ingredient that is anti-tussive(decreases your cough). It is a centrally acting drug, which basically tells your brain to stop coughing. However, the exact mechanism? Nobody knows. The sucrose is probably to give the cough syrup a more palatable taste. The alcohol acts as a solvent, to mix all the ... | [
"To put it simply, they are self medicating. Nicotine can have effects similar to some drugs prescribed for psychiatric disorders."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do cockroaches survive without heads and are there other animals that can do the same? [biology] | [
"Most insects lack a central nervous system (brain). They behavior is all down to nerves interacting in the rest of their body. So even if they lost their head the rest of their body would just work as normally. Another feature that is not uncommon among insects is a high proportion of stem cells. This does make th... | [
"That is what they are adapted to do. It is like asking how fish can swim all the time or how whales can hold their breath for so long. The stress of being used for what they do isn't something difficult for nipples to do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do plugged in electronics drain power when not on? | [
"Extension cord does not use power when nothing is plugged into it. A phone charger has components inside it that can draw power even when a phone is not connected such as capacitors. A toaster will not use any power when not in use unless it has a clock or an LED on it."
] | [
"If there is nothing plugged in, then no it will not use any electricity. For electricity to flow, there must be a complete circuit, and to complete the circuit you must plug something in. Some devices draw current even when they are off if they are plugged in, that may be what she is thinking of."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Theoretically how hard/possible would it be for someone to buy land from a really poor country and declare independence? | [
"[Pretty impossible](_URL_0_). As it turns out really poor countries are nonetheless pretty opposed to foreigners coming in and taking their territory, even if that territory is a desolate wasteland or open ocean."
] | [
"Mostly the fact that they don't want to. Also there's a bunch of laws in each of the countries that prevent them from ceding power to an outside group."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is it that one of your ears will randomly start ringing for no apparent reason? | [
"It doesn’t take much for the inner ear mechanism, particularly little cells along the cochlear surface called hair cells, to malfunction. Head position, blood flow, the hairs of the hair cells getting “stuck”, all can trigger a malfunction and send a signal down the acoustic nerve that your brain interprets as sou... | [
"You have Tinnitus, my friend. It is one of the least debilitating diseases in the world, so don't worry. It only means that when it's quiet you may hear a high-pitched sound."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Health:"
} |
How do sites like MMOCS and G2A get gaming codes SO cheap, and why do they need my account password? | [
"> why do they need my account password? They dont. If anyone you dont know asks for your password, tell them to fuck off. No exceptions. As for how they work - google \"grey market game keys\". There#s been lots of articles on this stuff."
] | [
"They usually buy the keys at countries where the prices of games are lower (relatively, because the standard of living is lower) and sell them with profit. To you, the keys are cheaper than on Steam itself, but they profit from it. In order to prevent this, some publishers are locking keys to specific countries or... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is frozen food (pizza, nuggets etc.) unhealthy? | [
"They aren’t inherently all unhealthy. However, most are just heavily processed, and are high in fat/carbs. Also, frozen foods generally require a lot of texture and fat stabilizers to withstand freezing and recooking."
] | [
"It depends on what you are talking about regarding frozen food. Fresh vegetables and frozen vegetables have about the same nutritional value as fresh food. The main concern is the way it is processed. For frozen dishes (such as ready-to-eat meals, they are cooked and then have add preservatives to keep the freshne... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
when someone else starts puking why does it gross out others and make them want to puke? | [
"This is an automatic response people have. Likely it have allowed people to live longer as puking is a natural response to being poisoned and when one member of a group have been poisoned the rest of the members of the group have also likely been poisoned as the group tends to eat the same meals. So when one membe... | [
"Because the first person yawning sucks all of the air out of the room and so you need to yawn to suck air back for yourself. Otherwise, you would suffocate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is blue cheese safe to eat with mould on but other cheeses aren't? | [
"Many cheeses, such as blue cheese, deliberately use mold to give it distinctive texture and taste, and these molds are selected with human consumption in mind, meaning that these are types of molds that don't produce toxins harmful to humans. But if you have cheese - any cheese - that grows some random airborne mo... | [
"Because it's been contaminated as soon as you open the lid. Refrigerating it will lengthen its shelf life. You could leave it out but it won't stay good as long. The fridge slows the growth of bacteria because of cool temperature. Mayo has eggs and oils in it that go bad."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How can you sometimes not feel pain until you see the injury that has caused it? | [
"Adrenalin, basically when your life is in danger your fight and flight instincts kick in even though you may damage the wounded area more doing this at least you will survive. When the danger has past then you get a chance to look at the wound and your body then reacts to prevent further injury to the area and enc... | [
"Because there was more there than just surface bruising. There is still underlying damage, hence the pain, even though the surface discoloration is gone. Bruising and other injuries can take a long time to heal. If it doesn't get better soon, I'd recommend a doctor visit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Health and Wellness:"
} |
when doctors declare that someone “died instantly” or “died on impact” in a car crash, how is that determined and what exactly is the mechanism of death? | [
"Emergency Physician here: The most common mechanisms of “instant” death are catastrophic brain injury or aortic tears/transection. There is a single tethered point left over from fetal circulation called the “ligamentum arteriosum” that used to be a fetal blood vessel but is not part of extra-utero circulation. In... | [
"Death by old age is a legal determination, not a medical one. When someone dies, there is always a cause, heart failure, stroke, asphyxiation, etc. A cause of death of old age means an elderly person died peacefully, without suspicious circumstances, and it really isn't worth the effort to find out exactly what ki... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about biology:"
} |
What are the requirements for a planet to he habitable | [
"Right now, basically all that scientists can tell about planets around other stars is two things: how big they are, and how far away from the star they are. Scientists have lately been finding a ton of these planets, and some of them are \"potentially habitable\" (this is pretty much always what the scientists wil... | [
"There is no 100% direct way to relate a planets surface area to habitabilty. A large enough planet will tend to become more like a gas giant than a rocky world, but that also depends heavily on whats around the area for the planet to be formed from in the first place. A large world would also likely be more massiv... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
the difference between pastiche and parody | [
"They are opposites: A parody makes fun of the original source by exaggerating elements and flipping certain conventions. A pastiche aims to replicate or imitate a previous artwork or style, sometimes in a cliched way, but doing so to celebrate rather than denigrate the source material. In other words, a parody is ... | [
"the fuzzy gray line lies around intention to discipline not intention to inflict harm."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What's the working difference between 4G and 5G that will allow up to 100 times faster connections? | [
"In addition to all the frequencies that 4G is using, 5G can use very high frequecies as well. These high frequencies can carry more data, but they are also absorbed by air much more easily. They have a hard time penetrating walls, and the highest frequencies can't even get through rain. So over long distances, 5G ... | [
"They are markers indicating the level of mobile internet service you have - GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) is the slowest, at about 35kbps, E (Edge) is slightly faster, at around 135kbps, then 3G (3rd Generation) at approximately 6Mbps, 4G (4th Generation) is around 15Mbps. LTE, or Long Term Evolution, normal... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
Hand sanitizer kills the germs, but the germs still remains on our hands. So its not clean right? | [
"What is your definition of \"clean\"? If dead bacteria are unclean, when why aren't dead skin cells?"
] | [
"If the person before you had something really nasty on their hands, like an antibiotic resistance bacteria or something, you wouldn't want that to get on your hands. Soap does a great job of getting crud off your hands, but it isn't perfect. Not getting other people's germs on you is better."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do t-shirts not have a seam along the torso when button up shirts do? | [
"The fabric is woven as a tube with the right diameter for that size of tshirt. This is only done with regular fit men's/unisex t-shirts as they are the same width all the way from chest to hem. With shirts, as well as slim fit and most fitted women's t-shirts they are made up of different shaped pieces that are se... | [
"They sew the pockets shut so the garment will drape more elegantly and not gap. You may also find the back slit of coats, blazers, and skirts sewn shut for the same reason."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is RBST hormone and why does every gallon of milk have it? | [
"It is \"recombinant bovine somatotropin\" which is a growth hormone given to cattle to help synchronize their reproductive cycles and make it more likely for them to get pregnant the first time. The FDA thinks it is safe to consume but various other places have banned its use."
] | [
"There are studies that grilled meats are bad, that cured meats are bad. That sugar is bad. That salt is bad. Fat, carbs, some fish, pork... on and on and on and on. Milk provides Vitamin D, potassium, B12, Calcium... in a convenient package. We've been eating dairy from cows for thousands of years, in the form of ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why can't we see living cells through electron microscope? | [
"Mostly because an electron microscope has to operate in a vacuum. Living cells don't care much for those. & #x200B; Also, sometimes what you're looking at under a scanning electron microscope has to be covered with a very very very very thin layer of a metal (known as sputter coating) to make the image come out b... | [
"I would say the most obvious reason that we know atoms exist is because we've seen them using electron microscopes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
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