query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What is the actual reason behind why American's speak English with a different dialect than the British? | [
"At one point we did speak it the same way. 200 of years of living apart has allowed the language to change independently over time. Even in the United States we have multiple dialects: think southern, country, hillbilly, New England, even city folk from different major cities have their own style of speech."
] | [
"This is what is known as a non-regional accent, it's used do that the various areas of a country with different accents can easily understand. Most English speaking countries have this as far as I know. The Australian version sounds like upper class English accent with a peg on the nose."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does leaning to the side cause a motorcycle to turn? | [
"It has a lot to do with the curvature of the wheel. Because the wheel is curved like a donut it will verse off to one side. Think of if you roll a cylinder, on its side it will roll in a straight line. BUUUT if you take a donut and try to roll it, it won’t go straight because the side isn’t “flat”. The handlebars ... | [
"Because it is trying to continue moving in a straight line but the car is turning. If you want to see something really odd, keep a helium balloon in the car. When you turn right, it will lean right as all the air pushes a bit to the left, just as your body is doing :)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does sunlight coming through a car window heat up the seats but not the window? | [
"The glas is transparent and therefore absorb very little of the light compare to the seat that absorb a lot of light and reflect som of if away . It is also in direct contact with the outside air that will be cooler the the inside of the car if you leave it out in the sun for a long time. The cooler outside air wi... | [
"The windshield is more horizontal than the other glass surfaces. The water settling out of the air makes a thicker layer (= easier for you to see) on the windshield than on the more vertical side windows. Painted metal, like the hood and the roof, are more thermally conductive. They do more to warm the air right n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do muscles swell and look larger during workout? | [
"The blood vessels in the muscles dilate to allow more blood (and thus oxygen) to go to the muscles when kts needed. This causes them to hold more fluid for a limited time, making them look bigger than they actually are."
] | [
"When you lift weights, microscopic \"tears\" form in the fascia of your muscle tissue. This is why you are sore the next day. The way muscles grow is through \"muscle recovery\": the tears fill up with new muscle cells, and the muscle is larger as a result. Think of it like scar tissue. So the answer would then be... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How can men have pregnancy symptoms? | [
"Its a combination of psychological symptoms and hormonal influence. Being around a pregnant spouse is thought to cause changes in hormone levels that can cause things like weight gain, mood changes, and sleep issues."
] | [
"I am not a doctor, but pregnancy = hormones and hormones can alter your behavior. Same principals behind PMS."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are non-driver car seats faced forward? Doesn't it make more sense for them to be faced backward, since the back of the seat would cushion you better in the event of a crash than a seatbelt? | [
"Not all crashes happen from the front, sometimes people are hit from the rear as well. More to the point though the vast majority of the time people are not going to be in crashes and having people facing forward is a far more comfortable riding position. A car which is slightly safer in a collision but makes all ... | [
"Takeoff and landing are the most likely times of a crash, and the upright position is the safest position both for the sitter and the passenger behind them. There's a few aspects to it. * the seat is more firmly locked while upright, and can take more force that way * your head has less distance to travel while th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are trade agreements important? Who is trading and what does a surplus or deficit actually mean to the average person on the street? Is there a concept of lost money here? | [
"Countries establish tariffs and quotas on imports to protect certain industries. Trade deals give certain countries an exemption to some tariffs in exchange for those countries doing the same thing, though not necessarily on the same items. A trade deficit doesn't really mean much to the average person, and even a... | [
"The US can, and sometimes does, devalue the dollar. But that comes with downsides as well as upsides. There's a time to devalue the dollar and a time to strengthen it based on the needs of the economy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
In pro baseball, why do they play the same team multiple times in a row? | [
"I would imagine that since they are playing 162 games a season, it would cut down dramatically on travel costs."
] | [
"There was a show on ESPN years ago about a company that gets all the obscure stats for them. Can't remember the name of the company. They did the crazy stuff, like in baseball when they tell you this is the first time in 17 years a left handed batter has hit a home run off an ambidextrous pitcher in the month of S... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why dont you get zapped with electrecity when putting your body between a wireless charger and whatever its charging? | [
"The charger work by magnetic induction. You have a magnetic field that changes direction thousands of time per second. It is a transformer with a air core where you have one coil in the charger and the other in the device you charge, So because humans are not magnetic and you can't induce a electrical current by a... | [
"5volts isnt enough to do anything to you. 12volts wont do much, might feel it if you put it on your tongue or something. which is why car batteries arent a threat."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Electrical appliances:"
} |
American prices and taxes | [
"Each state has its own sales tax laws, and the tax varies from nothing at all in a few states, to around 10% in some, and there can be city taxes added on top of that. So a $1000 iPhone would end up costing around $1100 in Seattle, for example, but would actually cost $1000 in Oregon or Montana. I hope this helps... | [
"Because it's the cheapest option, as in China offers them the lowest interest rate that they can get."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are waterfalls so loud? | [
"Massive amounts of water are continuously crashing into massive amounts of water, producing a lot of noise, plus they are generally in open spaces, so there is nothing preventing that noise from reaching you"
] | [
"What's so bad about having something made in Israel?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do bridges ice before the roads? | [
"Air flow. The below freezing air cycles over *and* under the bridge so it gets colder faster."
] | [
"Most roads are crowned as to allow water to run off to the side. The dip will allow the water to run through the intersection in the direction of natural flow, i.e. to a drain or runoff. Take a look at the dips and see if that make sense for the intersection you are thinking of. It's like that near where I live."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why are commercial airliners' transponders able to be turned off by the pilots? | [
"Transponders just assign a number to your radar return and broadcast your altitude. Your plane still shows up on radar on account of it being a giant piece of metal. You have the ability to turn them off in case the malfunction and start broadcasting the wrong altitude. That Con-Air bit where they put the transpo... | [
"Radio waves from phones could theoretically alter the readings of devices in the cockpit, causing the plane to go off course or interfere with the pilots' ability to communicate with air traffic control. There has never been a case of this actually causing a crash. Also, electronics can distract people during the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why everyone has their own unique voice? | [
"Has to do with the shape of your hyoid bone, differentiations in vocal chords, shape of the nasal cavity and breadth of the chest. I could be slightly off but that’s what I’ve taken from research"
] | [
"Your brain has no idea what death feels like."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Psychology:"
} |
Why is it harder for grown humans to learn a new language than children? | [
"Neuroplasticity. Your brain is set up to learn things more easily as a child. As you age, your neurons undergo a process called \"pruning\", which essentially streamlines the brain's function, but also makes learning new things more challenging."
] | [
"I think it has more to do with psychology than physiology: adventure is more important to children than comfort. Our priorities shift as we get older."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How come drinking tea seems to make you pee way more than drinking water? | [
"Not exactly ELI5 but Caffeine (in tea) is a diuretic and stimulates urination. So the ELI5 is... the stuff that gives you energy in tea makes you go pee pee too!"
] | [
"They don't. The only drinks that cause dehydration are alcoholic ones, because they make you pee more than you drink. Caffeine also makes you pee, but not nearly as much."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why can someone fall out of a plane at 33300 feet (Vesna Vulovic) and survive but someone can fall down a flight of stairs and die | [
"Apparently I did not explain this well enough so it got deleted, I will try again. Typically it is not the fall that kills people it's the landing that does it. You can fall from standing height and die if you land a certain way."
] | [
"Over 90% of people involved in plane crashes survive. The rate wouldn't be anywhere near that high for untrained people jumping out of a plane at 400 knots."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do certain musical notes sound good together and others don't? Is it learned behavior or do certain sounds naturally harmonize somehow? | [
"When frequency combinations have ratios with small numerators and denominators (such as 1:2, 2:3, 3:4, etc) they are easier for our brains to process patterns between them. This creates a pleasant experience called consonance. When the frequency ratios have large numerators and denominators (such as 17/16 or 41/29... | [
"Humans enjoy music for a variety of reasons: 1) Nostalgia -- The human memory associates sounds and events, and as most people know, humans tend to think that events in the past are better than they actually were because we usually focus on the good parts and not the bad parts. This in essence is nostalgia. So whe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Science:"
} |
Why does water that sits out too long taste “stale”? | [
"Carbon dioxide from the air mixes with the water, lowering the Ph and making it taste different."
] | [
"Alcohol! Among other things, alcohol is an excellent disinfectant so nothing can grow in there to spoil the cream. If you leave Bailey's alone long enough, it will eventually curdle/clump, which isn't exactly spoiled but is still disgusting."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is burned wood (charcoal) such a good fuel? Wouldn't using unburned wood be better? | [
"Charcoal isnt burned wood, it has been heated so that all the liquuid is removed. It is created by heating up wood so that it is hot as fire, but without oxygen so it never actually burned."
] | [
"Burning could also be called carbonising. I'm sure there's someone who can explain better than me, but burning food is the exact same as burning a lump of wood. Burning is a chemical reaction called combustion, and I can't remember any exact formulas but it uses oxygen, along with the organic compounds in the wood... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Scientifically speaking, how do we generate the voice in our head that says all of our thoughts? | [
"It is a little bit complicated, and still being actively researched. The basic concept is that when you are reading or thinking about something, your mind actually does almost all the same things as if you were going to speak it. When you read this sentence you mind is actually doing 90% of the same things as if y... | [
"Your mind! Words you hear are just a series of sound waves, but your mind provides meaning to them. The same thing applies to music."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
Why do certain injuries heal and leave behind darkened skin while others leave scar tissue | [
"The darkened skin is a kind of scar tissue. How a wound heals and what kind of scar it forms (light vs. dark, raised vs. indented) depends on a couple of different things that vary during the healing process like hormone levels, wound care, and general health."
] | [
"It's essentially portions of your skin that have stretched just too much and end up being much thinner. It's kind of like a tear in the skin, but instead of opening up completely (and making you bleed the Thames) it just stretches out. Yes, stretch marks stay around afterward, they will heal and essentially becom... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health and Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do Air Conditioners work? | [
"> Also... are refrigerators just tiny air conditioned rooms? Fundamentally, this is the truth of things. Air conditioners work on the same principle as your refrigerator, simply with the addition of fans and ducts: the refrigerant cycles between a cool, low-pressure gas and a hot, high-pressure liquid to extract h... | [
"Turbo Charger: Take exhaust from Engine, sent it to a turbine and use it to send more air to Engine Super Charger: Take power from the Engine and directly use it to send more air to the Engine More air + More Fuel = More Power (in case you are wondering.) Source: I'm a Mechanical Engineer"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
When peeling off a sticker and trying not to leave any residue, why is it better to peel slowly? | [
"There is a huge amount of science behind pressure sensitive adhesive release. And, yes, if does involve \"non Newtonian\" behavior. Also, the backing sheets for bumper stickers and mailing labels have sophisticated release coatings (usually silicone based) that allow the \" sticky\" to last indefinitely in storage... | [
"The smooth side of the tape is prepared so that the adhesive doesn't bond well to it. If you've made stuff out of duct tape, you'll know this intuitively; to get your things to hold together, you have to use sticky-sticky joints."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the earth shake in earthquakes? | [
"The ground is literally moving. So, picture the ground you are standing on as a Cinnamon Toast Crunch floating in a bowl of cereal. An earthquake is when your piece of toast crunch rubs against another piece of toast crunch."
] | [
"The easy answer: Definitely not. Compared to the size of the earth, these two events are insignificant, and very far away from each other. There is no possibility that the eruption in Chile caused the earthquake in Nepal, or vice versa. You could argue that both events are the result of plate tectonics, and there... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do video game companies make "retro" systems that emulate their older ones, instead of just making new ones? | [
"The R & D of taking largely off the shelf parts and putting a software layer on it is orders of magnitudes less than reinventing the wheel with actual hardware updates. Especially when the majority of your customers won't care about the small differences."
] | [
"The computer that's \"designed to do all kinds of things\" also features the ability to change parts/upgrade, thus over time (or instantly) it's power is 2x that of a console. Another important part to mention is how the computer has a lot more freedom for developers when creating a game or the players when tweaki... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
are silica gel safe to touch? | [
"Silica (SiO2) is one of the most stable substances in existence. It is non-flammable, non-toxic, non-reactive with many acids, bases, oxidizers, etc etc. However, it can be doped with chemicals like Cobalt (II) Chloride to indicate if it has absorbed water. These dyes may be toxic, so eating coloured silica gels i... | [
"Because they're the easiest to clean - with bleach."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how does my weather app know how bad my allergies will be, especially for different allergens? | [
"Based on your area, and season, it’s possible to predict which types of pollen will be the most abundant. Also if it hasn’t rained in a while, the counts will be high but after/during rain it will drop down some. They also measure which types of pollen are also the most abundant."
] | [
"I'm one of the \"some people\". Sometimes I don't even have to look at the sun, I just sneeze 3-4 or even 5 times when i go out into bright sun light. I consider this my allergic reaction to sun. Did I mention my name is Vlad and I live in Transylvania? true story!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do instant pots work? | [
"Great minds think alike. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: How does a pressure cooker work and what goes on inside of it? Is it possible to put a camera inside to see? ](_URL_4_) ^(_5 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How does a pressure cooker work? ](_URL_0_) ^(_6 comments_) 1. [ELI5: how ... | [
"How much do they cost vs how much will they generate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why are veins larger in diameter than arteries? | [
"It's because of intraluminal pressure that has to be maintained with the help of luminal diameter. Smaller intraluminal diameter aids blood to move faster in arteries. Arteries are taking blood which is being pumped by the workings of our heart, it has to maintain a higher intraluminal pressure inorder to carry bl... | [
"Because blood isn't moving just through the veins. There are other types of blood vessels, too. The ones that reach every part of your body are called \"capillaries\", and they're basically really tiny blood vessels that are present pretty much everywhere in your body. Your veins and arteries are much larger, whic... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Would a toaster in a bathtub actually kill you? | [
"There was an old episode of the Mythbusters about this. The circuit in question does not include the bathtub. As long as the water has some salts (so basically if it's not distiled water) it will transfer current into your body. Dumping a live toaster in a bathtub will complete the circuit between you and the ele... | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do seemingly respectable websites allow junky clickbait adverts? | [
"They don't put the ads on their site themselves. They designate a space on their site and use third party services like Google of Facebook to display ads there. They have some level of control over what kind of ads appear, that's why you wouldn't see programming ads on a cooking website, but that's mostly about sp... | [
"A lot of it is advertising revenue, malware, adware, spyware, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does Ritalin work? | [
"So to answer the 2nd part of your q, ritalin blocks [re-uptake](_URL_1_) of the neurotransmitters by pre-synaptic neurons - they have a higher affinity for the transport proteins and physically block the neurotransmitters from binding these proteins. So more of the neurotransmitters remain in the synaptic cleft an... | [
"Can someone explain the difference between Dementia and Alzheimer's, please?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
if im on a falling object and jump up from or off it, what will happen? | [
"Well if you're a superhero and can jump as fast as the bus is falling, you would have a soft landing. If you're a regular human being, you would just impact the ground even harder. That's because the bus will deform on impact, cushioning the fall. But that only works if you are in contact with the bus at the mome... | [
"Its a simple drop-off if I recall, its not like the log is launched up into the air. first you and the log you are sitting in go off the edge, and you both fall together and at the bottom you land right where you started - in the log, because everything falls at the same speed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are rain clouds darker then regular clouds? | [
"Because there's more water in them. They're thicker and contain bigger droplets of water, so they block more sunlight and appear darker."
] | [
"If there is a red sky in the morning, it means there is a lot of cloud reflecting the sun. A lot of cloud usually means bad weather heading your way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does your body know how thirsty you are and how much water you need to drink to quench your thirst? | [
"I’m not an expert on this but I do know that your body gets it wrong pretty often. You are dehydrated before you are thirsty and sometimes your body mistakes thirstiness for hunger, as in you are actually dehydrated but you feel hungry."
] | [
"Alcohol is a diuretic, it makes you thirsty, so the alcohol will make you thirstier than the water will rehydrate you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does caffeine sometimes not work in keeping you awake? | [
"Your brain is filled with keyholes, adenosine is the key that fits to tell you you're tired. Caffeine has the same shape as this key and fills the keyholes instead, so your body never gets sleepy signals. If the adenosine has already gotten in the hole, the fake key (caffeine) can't bind. When you first wake up c... | [
"Simplest answer: variance. Better answer: there are multiple factors involved. Light sources in the room or before you go to bed mess with melatonin production, which signals your body to sleep. If you wake up in certain parts of your REM cycle, you'll feel groggy instead of rested. Nightmares can make you tense d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does pretending to be asleep helps you fall asleep quicker? | [
"Your mind is occupied with a single simple task instead of thinking about things like work, money, school, the kids, etc... Thinking about breathing is a common technique in meditation. You can also pretend that you are putting your body to sleep bit by bit. Start at the toes and imagine that they are going to sle... | [
"We don't need to close our eyes when we sleep, it just helps block out distractions, which in turn helps us fall asleep faster."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Americans talk about 'cable'. In the UK we have either broadcast transmission over aerial, or satellite. How is 'cable' TV different? | [
"Cable TV comes through cables that lie under the roads and pavements and into your house. The UK does have cable TV, that's what Virgin Media is. It's only available in places where they have cables installed, but that covers quite a lot of the population."
] | [
"They were broadcast over the airwaves, like radio still is now. Or they were broadcast by satellite to local stations, who broadcast it over the airwaves. We were able to do a lot without an internet. Even invent the internet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does a TOW missile work? | [
"It is a wire guided missile meaning there are very very thin filament wires that spool out the back as it flies through the air. These wires carry information like how to control and steer the missile exactly where it needs to go. So it’s like a really expensive tethered model airplane that explodes."
] | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do clown noses stay on without strings? | [
"A form of rubber cement is used by costume and make up artists to attach prosthesis like noses and other costume parts to the face or other parts of the body. You can peel it off when you are done."
] | [
"So that some of the candy goes inside it and helps secure the candy to the stick. Otherwise they might separate too easily."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How can music make you sleepy, when it's basically just waves passing through the air? | [
"Because your brain converts those waves into electrical signals which can trigger various physiological responses depending upon the type of music. These responses could either be stimulating or relaxing."
] | [
"I'm no sound-o-lygist, but I think it's due to the fact that low quality sound makes low quality sound waves. So when these contact your ear drum, it gets all jumble-y. So, think what would happen if five people beat on the same drum, only their all of beat of each other. Anyone wanna' back me up?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
if someone ask me to explain what is Internet an how it works, in the easiest way possible, what would I tell them? | [
"Think of it as a giant library with infinite space, stored in virtual reality, that anyone can write for/add to. No one really owns the library, but there are several dedicated sponsors that keep it up and running, and anyone can add anything to the library that they want, when they want, as long as they have acce... | [
"It's a scanner, modem and printer in one. If you understand how each of those three components work, understanding the fax machine is trivial. If there's one of those you *don't* understand, let me know which and I'll go into more details."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How is storage freed in computer hardware at a physical level? | [
"When you delete, it just marks those memory cells as rewritable. It’s not truly deleted until something is saved into it."
] | [
"What you are describing are Read/Write operations, which are mainly related to your hard drive. I assume you are using a HDD. Upgrading to a a SDD will improve the speed of such tasks."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Computer Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Computer Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How comes some trees have leaves that are pink/red/orange? Do they photosynthesize the same way as green trees do? | [
"Usually that only happens when the tree is going into senescence for the winter. Photosynthesis slows or even stops as less sunlight is available to the tree and temperatures drop, the leaves change color and eventually fall off. The tree stores the energy from within the leaves in its root system to survive throu... | [
"Almost ALL animals have coloured blood. Are you referring to those animals that don't have RED blood (i.e. blood that uses hemoglobin, a red chemical, to transport oxygen)? It's a little bit like why some trees have different coloured leaves. In their case, most use \"chlorophyll\" to do the work of transforming l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do these Security Strips work? | [
"Those are RF-EAS tags. Similar to RFID tags but a bit different. Basically there are sensors at every exit, these sensors send out radio waves and they will bounce off that tag and go back to the sensor. If the sensor \"hears\" the bounced signal it sets off the alarm."
] | [
"Can someone explain the difference between Dementia and Alzheimer's, please?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
what happens when a blade is quenched? | [
"Rapid cooling (called quenching) changes the crystalline structure of steel. When alloy steel is above a very important temperature called the eutectoid temperature, it exists as a material called austenite, or gamma phase iron. When austenite is rapidly cooled, without giving carbon atoms time to diffuse out of t... | [
"Not an engineer, but to break pads get push together with a viceclamp (lack of a better term) and they squeeze the rotating disk that turns your tire. Creating a bunch of friction until the car vehicle comes to a stop."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When we have a thought what actually causes the "thought process" to initiate? | [
"That's kinda like asking \"when car is moving, what is actually causing it to move?\" Is it the tires rolling? Oh but tires roll because in engine pistons are moving? But that's caused by gasoline being pumped into the engine. Follow that back and you get to someone pressing gas pedal. Oh but even then, someone ha... | [
"The left brain hemisphere, which is responsible for language, is that \"voice\" in our head, also called the \"self talk\". That chatter (so to speak) is your brain left hemisphere internal programming and constant interaction to \"make sense\" of what your 5 senses get you and order it in order to store it into t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are there so many sweeteners but no salteners? | [
"There is such a thing as [low sodium salt](_URL_0_), usually made with potassium chloride."
] | [
"Just because it's \"natural\" doesn't mean it's \"healthy\". It's still full of fat and calories and low on vitamins and other nutrition."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What are stocks and what is insider trading? How are they related to each other? | [
"This is VERY ELI5 & #x200B; Stocks are a share of ownership in a company. Insider trading is when someone close to or with connections inside a company know of a large move (either positive or negative) the company is about to do that is going to effect the stock price. They then act on this information to either... | [
"It's a form of securities fraud. Stock exchanges rely on the notion that everyone has the same information to consult when making decisions. If you have access to information that others do not, you can use that information to manipulate prices. Because so much wealth is tied up in the stock market, securities re... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What makes things shiny? | [
"Something is \"shiny\" when the surface roughness (on microscopic level) is smooth enough to rather reflect light, instead of diffusing it randomly. It is this reflection that comes into your eye that makes it look shiny. The roughness of a surface depends on the material, and on the way the surface was treated or... | [
"What's to explain? Why we have it? How it works?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The point of SSN - I'm from the UK | [
"Imagine if banks, employers, and the government all accepted your NI number as *proof* of your identity. SSN is only supposed to be used for Social Security, but unfortunately that’s just not the case."
] | [
"The official line is that anyone more intelligent will become bored with the job and leave. Source: Dad's best friend is Detective III in LAPD and I also read a report on it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When unsubscribing from list-serv emails (emails from companies about sales, new items, ect.) why does it take anywhere from 3-10 days to actually be removed from the list? Why can’t it be an instant process? Is it a marketing scheme or is there a tech reason? | [
"Purge processes tend to be run on a schedule. It depends on how often they've scheduled that process to run. There's also data caching that has to be updated and that's on a schedule as well."
] | [
"Two reasons: 1) The self-serving reason, as discussed in the other comment, is that they want you to remain logged it so they can continues to monitor what you do and develop their advertising profile of you. 2) Many users are horrendously bad about remembering passwords or even usernames. If a person gets logged ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do you very tired after sitting for 2 hours in a bus/car ride, but not tired after sitting for 2 hours at home ? | [
"even though you’re sitting in a car or bus, the vehicle is still moving, turning, braking, and accelerating. this causes your body and muscles to perform micro-movements that allow you to maintain balance while sitting. These micro-movements still use a tiny bit of energy which add up over time, thus making you ti... | [
"It's because you only try to fall asleep in an uncomfortable condition when you are exhausted, but you are rarely that exausted at the end of the day while relaxing in bed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Sleep and boredom:"
} |
Is it possible to have a heavy element to have the same amount of neutrons as protons and would it be stable? | [
"> I've noticed the further up in the periodic table the more neutrons an element has. Yes. [This plot](_URL_0_) shows the stability regions for stable isotopes. As the elements get heavier, there are more neutrons required. Hunting and pecking I found an isotope of Xenon which had the same number of protons and ne... | [
"No, it is fundamentally different from hydrogen. The simplest, and most common, form of hydrogen has a nucleus consisting of 1 proton. All forms of hydrogen have only 1 proton, with varying numbers of neutrons. Helium, on the other hand, always has 2 protons in the nucleus. It is an element because, except for spl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How can an insect fly inside a train? | [
"Because the air inside the train or aeroplane is moving with it. If the air wasn't moving with it, it would feel incredibly windy for the passengers and the insect."
] | [
"How can you look out your window and still see the interior of your house?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is fresh air good for mental health? | [
"Scientific studies have proven that regular exposure to Sunlight makes humans 20% better in every way. Productivity, mood, recovery rate, sick days, and even mental illness resistance. No artificial lighting system has been proven to have the same effect as a window within sight of your workstation. We're not 100... | [
"What source says that alcohol is bad for your teeth?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Volcanic regions are classified under which biome? | [
"Volcanoes can occur in a range of different biomes. There are volcanoes around today that exist within temperate, desert/semi arid, grassland, tropical, and tundra environments. In short, this is because terrestrial biomes are controlled by things like annual precipitation and other climate patterns (ie. surface p... | [
"An ecosystem is a unit comprised of living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) parts existing in a particular territory, in an ecosystem it's important to consider the flow or matter and energy, like the cycle of water or cycle of phophorous. A biome is considered in terms of its geographical position, its climate a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
A question about the color of the sky | [
"It's not only blue at a distance. But it's only very slightly blue and mostly transparent. So you need to be looking through miles and miles of it before you will notice that. Think of a piece of glass that's just very slightly dirty. You can probably see out of it just fine. But stack a few 100 of them right nex... | [
"I've never really noticed but my guess would be something to do with the changes in system pressure."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Astrophysics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Astrophysics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do series like Planet Earth capture footage of things like the inside of ant hills, or sharks feeding off of a dead whale? | [
"some of the series at the end do a brief section about how they go about capturing the footage that they showed. They make their own custom rigs with various types of cameras to help them get shots. They leave camera 'traps' in places and hope to get lucky with them. They wander around following research or local ... | [
"Some types of fish can bury into mud and survive - or their spawn can. Other times, eggs are transported on the feet of birds from lake to lake."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
if a helicopter were to hover 12 hours without moving forward, would it be on the other side of the world? | [
"No. All of the air in the atmosphere is spinning with the Earth. If it wasn't there would constantly be very fast wind always travelling West - but there isn't. Just like how the air moves with the Earth, a helicopter moves with the air. This is a good watch which is kind of on topic (10 minutes): _URL_0_"
] | [
"two different questions. you can see the earth spin from a plane. travel eastwards and the sun will rise earlier due to the earth spinning. travel westwards and sunset is delayed because the earth is spinning in the same direction you are going. if you want to convince your roommate the earth is not flat howev... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do flaps on aircraft help with take-off? | [
"Lift is proportional to several factors: air density, airspeed (squared), wing area, and a lift coefficient. Pilots increase wing area when they extended flaps and/or slats. That increases the lift produced by the wings. But the flaps also change another of those lift variables. The lift coefficient is a function... | [
"Airplanes need air underneath the wings to work properly. The higher you go, the less air there is, so it's physically impossibly to leave the atmosphere this way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Ripples in the fabric of space and time | [
"We call them gravity waves. All objects in the universe with mass bend spacetime around them. That's what gravity is. Think about a frog on a lillypad on a pond. Now let's say that frog jumps from one lillypad to another. That's going to create waves in the pond that ripple outwards. That's what gravity waves are ... | [
"How does a river know if its dammed before flowing? Its a very similar thing to electricity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
If you are near-sighted, can you use a camera in order to read stuff that is far away? | [
"Yes, that works. As long as the camera can focus far away, it can create a new copy of the image that is close to you and thus your eyes can focus on it."
] | [
"Do you have corrected vision? And if not can you focus on other small things near your face without getting a headache?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why don’t employers just instantly deposit money into your bank account whenever you clock out? | [
"Doing so would require a lot more time spent by the employer making sure time punch records are correct and processing payroll work."
] | [
"A payday loan is like getting paid early. When you get the loan, you haven't actually gotten paid from your job yet but you need money and you pay the loan back plus interest when you get paid from your job."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do antiviral drugs work, and how to they differ from antibacterial drugs? | [
"First you have to understand a key difference between bacteria and viruses. Bacteria reproduce and multiple by growing and then dividing. So one bacteria gets big and then splits into two and then those two each split into two and so on and so forth. Viruses can't multiply on their own like this. Viruses instead n... | [
"Antibacterials are agents that only kill and stop the growth of bacteria, while antibiotics are agents that kill and stop the growth of bacteria and fungi. All antibacterials are antibiotics, but all antibiotics are not antibacterials. Antibacterial is one of the class of antibiotics."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
What was the original purpose of the invention of the Internet? | [
"The internet has taken a lot of forms over the years. It began with the developement of ARPANET ( Advanced Research Project Agency Network) which was funded by DARPA (Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency) for the sole purpose of having a defense network that could function in the time of a nuclear war."
] | [
"The main reason is because of the religious background of the United States."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
how are cars protected from theft at dealerships? | [
"you mean, how do they avoid that you just drive off with their car and never come back? Well, for one, they probably want to see your drivers license. Even make an electronically copy of it. (in some places, the software that snaps the photo also automatically checks if it's valid, so that you can't just give them... | [
"They don't have dealerships, they sell directly to consumers. Many states require car companies to sell through dealerships."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does fear/trauma equate to dizziness/throwing up? | [
"This is a classic \"flight or flight\" side effect. When your brain thinks you're in danger it triggers your body to do a bunch of stuff to prepare in case you need to run away or fight something. This can sometime also cause some not so helpful things like dizziness or nausea."
] | [
"A lot probably has to do with stress. Stress can lower a body's ability to fight of common illness. On top of that, severe stress can cause many of the same symptoms as illness - nausea/vomiting, fatigue, sleeplessness, even fever."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why, if you over just above ground in a helicopter, would the earth not move beneath you? | [
"It's because the atmosphere is rotating along with the earth. It's why we don't experience 1,000 mph winds constantly. Same reason why a bee can fly in a moving car, or you can toss a ball in a moving car: the air is moving along with the thing."
] | [
"They might be like bird in that they can't perceive speed, only distance."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Animals:"
} |
Why do builders use wood to frame houses? | [
"Renewable resource. Much cheaper than metal and way easier to manufacture and goes through less change during manufacturing. Wood is unbelievably strong too. Much stronger than you think."
] | [
"In states like California, the wooden homes can withstand earthquakes (and is cheaper than the other earthquake code approved material, steel reinforced concrete) because they're flexible and can bend a bit. So what homes are made of is going to depend on where you are. Are you on Long Island in New York? The hous... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What’s the difference between a hurricane, typhoon and cyclone? | [
"All basically the same thing, but are given different names depending on where they appear. **Hurricanes** are tropical storms that form over the North Atlantic Ocean and Northeast Pacific. **Cyclones** are formed over the South Pacific and Indian Ocean. **Typhoons** are formed over the Northwest Pacific Ocean."
... | [
"A hurricane is a tropical cyclone and specifically one that develops in the Atlantic or the north east Pacific. Once it leaves the tropics it becomes a post-tropical cyclone. Cyclones that generate outside the tropics are extratropical cyclones and do not count as hurricanes. They form over cooler regions and won'... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Weather:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Weather:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why our body isn't comfortable in cold water like it is in hot water? | [
"Water has higher thermal conductivity than air, meaning it can transfer or remove heat faster. 60F might feel fine in air because while your body is \\~98.6F, the air can't remove heat fast enough to offset natural heat generation, but for water it can. Thus your skin detects the loss of heat from itself and trigg... | [
"It opens your blood vessels up, letting more of the warmer blood in the center of your body to your extremities. (Arms hands legs feet etc.) This actually causes your core body temperature to drop though. That's bad. So be careful drinking in cold weather :)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What form of matter is jello? How about whipped cream/shaving cream? | [
"Jello is a form of matter called a *colloid*, which is a semi-rigid structure suspended in a liquid. Whipped cream (and other such things) are a mixture of a liquid cream and gaseous nitrogen (can also be called a colloid, as it's gas suspended in a liquid)."
] | [
"Milk and (dairy) half-and-half don't have enough fat to bind with the proteins to get thick and creamy when whipped. When you whip cream it traps air, and that's what makes it into whipped cream. That's really all it is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is our society today seemingly more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression? | [
"Money. But also because I believe that people have always suffered from depression and such at a high level but there was just such a HUGE stigma in a diagnosis and therapy even with gen x. Things are getting more open, people are talking more. Proof? Think about it, there are SO many alcoholics, drug addicts, abu... | [
"Suicide. Chronic depression, especially when combined with other mental illness, drastically increases a person's chances of attempting suicide."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What actually happens to your body in the “sudden stop” after jumping off a high area? | [
"From the top of my head, Your outer body comes to a sudden stop but your organs inside of you continue moving at the speed that you were falling. Think of it like a car crash, the outer car comes to a sudden stop but everything in it continues moving the the speed of the car until another force acts on it."
] | [
"Similar risks to riding a roller coaster- the excitement could mix poorly with certain health conditions. Heart conditions in particular come to mind- your heart will probably beat like crazy. It's also possible to injure yourself on the landing even with a fully deployed parachute."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
how does hydroponics work if overwatering plants kills them? | [
"It's all about the oxygen. In wet soil, the roots become oxygen starved and rotten. Same thing happens in stagnant water. Hydroponic systems use air blowers to fill the intake water with bubbles and oxygenate it. If you stop the blowers, then the root zone gets stagnant and rotten just like in over watered soil."
... | [
"Well the soil is important for plants(in general) to get proper nutrients. It doesn't change how much a certain plant can create and store. It's all in them genes!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do trees transport water from their roots to their leafs? And does it happen passively (without energy consumption)? | [
"It’s called capillary action. It happens when water or another liquid has a surface tension high enough to cling to the sides of a narrow tube or tunnel. The skinnier the tunnel the easier it is for the water’s surface tension to cling, allowing it to cling higher. The tree has millions of these little tubes that ... | [
"Plants, in most cases, do not generate their own heat. Reactions proceed faster at higher temperatures, and this includes any reaction they need to grow. As for plants that *do* generate their own heat, they don't use this to grow either because photosynthesis is not efficient enough for that. Instead they burn it... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do sunrises and sunsets tend to have different colors when compared? | [
"Generally it has to do with air temperature. Cool air refracts differently than hot air and air tends to be warmer during sunset, after a full day of direct sunlight rather than after a full night."
] | [
"Some light still reaches the moon, it just has to travel through the earths atmosphere and is refracted. Since the path through the atmosphere is so long shorter wave lengths are filtered out and only long waved red light reaches the moon. The same effect causes sunrise/sunset to be red."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When your sick with a cold why do symptoms like sneezing and runny nose seem to stop when you're sleeping but start again as soon as you wake up? | [
"Being deeply asleep is a vulnerable time for your airway. It's best for the body not to pump pints of mucus into the throat and mouth as you auto breathe in deep sleep. It makes sense for the body to shut these mechanisms off as you sleep to protect your breathing."
] | [
"Most itches are caused by a bit of dirt in a pore. If you mean intense itches I'm not sure, unless it's an allergy issue. Do you get hayfever (cold like symptoms in the spring/summer?) Those itches you feel as you go to sleep are actually just your mind checking if you have gone to sleep or not. If you refrain fro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
When and why did MTV move from a platform for music/music videos, to one of entertainment/reality programs? | [
"MTV was a subscription channel, the idea was to get people to pay every month for the music videos. By 1994, the end of the VJ era, this business model had clearly failed. Not enough kids would tell their parents \"I want my MTV\" and there were just too many other music and music video outlets for MTV to command ... | [
"I think many people might have an outdated view, from when VICE was a bit trashier. They used to run a bunch of lowbrow hipster-bait stories on their site, largely before dedicating themselves to embedded journalism, long form stuff, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Do spicy foods actually increase metabolism? If so why? | [
"It’s more complicated than that: it doesn’t speed it up per se as much as it irritates the GI tract which speeds up the expulsion by the intestines which leads to decreased length of stay in the tract leading to decreased caloric absorption from what you eat. To say it speeds up metabolism isn’t a correct statemen... | [
"Nicotine, like coffee, is a stimulant. Among other effects, stimulants increases your heart rate, up your blood pressure, and boost your metabolism. A hit of nicotine is like a blast to your heart and your metabolism. Next thing you know your bowels go into overdrive. POOP! Stimulants also reduce appetite. The sti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How Does warm water surface a splinter ? | [
"The body has existing repair mechanisms that will surface a splinter. The warm water makes the skin softer, so they work better and faster."
] | [
"1. That could possibly cause them to become too warm 2. Camouflage"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why aren't there more small diesel engine cars in the USA like in Europe? | [
"In the US, diesel has a bad reputation, and the cost difference isn't large enough to overcome the \"dirty\" reputation. Of course, the \"diesel's cheat on emissions tests\" news didn't help that."
] | [
"Some do have an actual oil level indicator. I am not sure 100%, but I think it comes with more luxury cars. I know for a fact some Audi's made in the last 4 years have them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
how do we stop ourselves from just peeing whenever we have to go? | [
"There is a muscle which holds closed the output of the bladder, and you can consciously make it stay closed."
] | [
"It seems to come as a surprise to my dog, every time he farts the noise spooks him. Also do you go sit on the toilet or go outside every time you fart?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how does the laser on a barcode scanner return information to the computer? | [
"In the scanner there is a sensor which detects light. So when you shine the laser on the barcode, the light will reflect back into the laser. A white stripe will reflect differently then a black one, a thinner one will reflect differently then thick one. When this reflected light gets picked up by the sensor it wi... | [
"1. items have little tiny radios in them (RF tags) 2. the scanners at the door of a store are also radios and they transmit at a certain frequency constantly 3. tiny radio picks up transmission and sends out one on a slightly different one to notify the scanner 4. alarm sounds or store is notified"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why aren't small diesel engines more popular in the USA like they are in Europe? | [
"There hasn't been a strong economic motivation for the cost of transitioning to diesel architecture in the United States. Even when gasoline is expensive, it tends to cost around half as much as in typical European markets (due in part to taxes, in part to supply logistics) - which was especially true in the 1990s... | [
"There is much greater adoption of public transportation in Europe than in the US."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What is exactly a memory( in terms of physical things)? How do we create and store them? | [
"Memory is just a pattern of synapses (connections between neurons), stronger the memory the stronger the connections. Different types of memory (facts, events, talents) are stored in different areas of the brain. Same for short term memory and long term memory"
] | [
"Memory in a computer does not get deleted. Memory refers to the physical hardware that stores data, there are several different types of memory, RAM, HDD, cache, SSD. I assume that you didn't mean what you asked, could you please elaborate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Hello, I was recently wondering why the United States uses Social security numbers while most countries use identification cards.. Also I am wondering the benefits of social security. | [
"> why do we use social security numbers. Because we dont have Nationwide IDs. Thats literally the only reason. For a really long time after this country was founded, the states didn't want the federal government issuing ID to their citizens. For the most part this was fine, because the constitution makes it so sta... | [
"In Canada we have SIN numbers. Social insurance number, same idea as in the US"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Social Credit System:"
} |
What allows us to think? I know that we do physical activities such as move and talk because the brain sends electrical impulses (or something like that) to your muscles. But what allows us to think in our heads? | [
"Language helps a lot. Language is like the device driver of the brain. It helps think abstract thought, memory and developing a self. If also creates an inner voice. If a person fails to learn language when they are young because they are born deaf or other reasons, they will fail to develop an inner voice and the... | [
"We know tons about the brain. There are literally tens of thousands of papers on the brain. Neurosurgeons exist. We can even tell what parts of the brain do what. However, we don't know the most important stuff. What is consciousness? Where does it come from, and how does it work? How do elements from our consciou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does lightning has to travel in such complicated patterns, why doesn’t it just go in a straight line? | [
"Imagine you're in a room crowded with people and you want to get to the other side of the room. The easiest way to do that is to find gaps in between people and slip through them, the \"path of least resistance\". Going the straight path would be considerately more difficult."
] | [
"I don't know what I'm talking about, but I'd reckon because you're not the path of least resistance. The steel structure is. Same reason birds aren't electrocuted when they perch on a wire? It makes no sense (to the electricity) to pass through the bird instead of traveling straight down the line, like it wanted ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What exactly is CGI, and how does this work when creating films? | [
"CGI stands for Computer Generated Images. For example, lets use Doctor Strange. What we see as Dr.strange summoning magic circles, was just Cumberbatch making the hand motions. The recorded clip would be sent to hired animation companies. These companies have teams of animators that will use animation programs to ... | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about finance:"
} |
What makes water so special that its 1 mL in STP weighs exactly 1 gram? | [
"You have it backwards. 1ml of Water isn't one gram by some crazy coincidence, the gram was **invented** to be the amount 1ml of water weighs, and all the rest of metric weight is based on that measurement"
] | [
"One part per million is 1/1,000,000. Water weights 1 kg per liter, so 1 mg equals 1/1,000,000 of a kg (liter) of water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why would drinking soda necessarily be less hydrating? | [
"All the sugar in the coke goes into your blood and makes your blood more syrupy. Your body automatically tries to put your blood back to the ratios that are most healthy (tries to dilute the syrup) by pulling water from your body cells and into the blood. This pulling of water is called osmosis. When the water lea... | [
"There isn't really anything wrong them. In fact, the caffeine in them can be good for weight loss, as seen in the infamous ECA stack. If it's zero calorie, it's not going to make you gain weight. If sweet diet sodas make you hungry and you go eat a fucking pie, sure, you will gain weight. But it wasn't the zero ca... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Food and Beverage:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Food and Beverage:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do watches know how to advance exactly one second? | [
"All mechanical watches and clocks use something called an escapement. The escapement is driven by force from a coiled spring or a suspended weight, transmitted through the timepiece's gear train. Each swing of the pendulum or balance wheel releases a tooth of the escapement's escape wheel gear, allowing the clock'... | [
"We can certainly keep Earth time; there are many ways to count seconds accurately enough to lose one only every few centuries."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does gargling salt water relieve a sore throat? | [
"A sore throat is generally the result of inflammation. There are numerous causes. Anti-inflammatory medication is usually a best bet, but if u are avoiding medication for whatever reason, gargling several times a day with warm saltwater can reduce swelling in the throat and loosen mucus, helping to flush out irrit... | [
"It's an inflammatory response that your body generates against the invading virus. Inflammation is the first step in mounting an immune response against viruses and bacteria, and since the common cold infects the cells in the back of your throat (your upper respiratory tract), this is where the inflammation occurs... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does holding your breath get rid of hiccups? | [
"It raises the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, which helps to stop the spasms of your diaphragm (aka hiccups)"
] | [
"Why do they randomly twitch just once? I dunno. Why do you get a twitch that won't go away? Potassium deficiency. I used to get eye twitches all the time before I figured it out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How is it that every human has a unique voice? | [
"It's not just vocal cord length. It's nasal passages, jaw structure, bone density. So many things play into the tone of peoples voices."
] | [
"Indeed, how does a perfectly normal human being become a pathology?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What are Hamiltonian and Langrarian Mechanics? What do they concern? | [
"Classical mechanics is what you probably already know: newton's laws, and 'energy is neither created nor destroyed'. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics are both different ways of stating the *same laws*. No new laws discovered, nor do they apply to different things. But they do massively simplify certain calcula... | [
"The \"how\", electromagnetism is described by a set of equations, called \"Maxwell equations\". If you ask for \"why\" electromagnetism exists: no one knows."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What causes the difference in alcohol tolerance between people? | [
"Two factors stand out. Body weight and the lover's ability to process the alcohol. Women metabolized alcohol a bit slower than men."
] | [
"This is pretty much a myth. The total amount of alcohol that you drink has a far greater impact on making you sick than how many different types of alcohol you mix together."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
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