query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What happens to our eyeballs when we close our eyes? Do they roll back or stay in the same position as they would when our eyes are open? | [
"I understand (by the question) that you are an alien. Every person would know the answers Busted!"
] | [
"Floaters are tiny pieces of the blood vessels that were in your eye as they developed when you were a fetus. There isn't really a good way for the body to remove them after the eye has been sealed shut, and no good reason to do so either, so they stay there pretty much forever. Most of the time they stay at the bo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What happens when a limb is asleep for too long? | [
"It is due to compression or irritation of nerves, paresthesia. If your arm wasnt getting blood or oxygen while you slept, that tissue would die instead of tingle."
] | [
"Laying in a bed for 16+ hours a day will put you at risk for blood clots, along with numerous other maladies like bed sores. Big problem for patients that are confined to beds for extended periods. It's just a matter of how long you're sitting around."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
how does someone run faster than someone else? | [
"Running speed depends of 2 things: the length of your steps and the time between 2 steps. To run fast you need to take long steps and chain them quickly. To achieve this the muscles in your legs must be powerful (strong over a short time) as sprinters or tennismans muscles, but not necessarily very strong as weigh... | [
"Yeah this is intresting too. Its like they dont know how to set it up. However it is painful to be on such a event like this."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What does Cake Day do? | [
"It doesn't \"do\" anything. It's like asking what does your birthday do? It is just the day you were born. Cake day is just a fun way of saying birthday, since you typically get cake on your birthday. For reddit it means the date you made your reddit account, so see it as your accounts \"birthday\"."
] | [
"For the sake of the acronym, it's a good thing you didn't decide to create Cooking Like I'm Ten."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What is a boltzmann brain? | [
"Looking for ways to explain the begining of the universe, Boltzmann came up with the idea of a primordial soup in which random fluctuations would create the universe. The thing is... It ended up infinitely more likely for fluctuations to create just brains with all our memories than our universe, thus birthing the... | [
"Can you clarify what you mean by an 'armor display'?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why super rich/popular musicians still work for record labels? | [
"They help her do a lot of stuff at big scale. She has enough money to start her own label sure. But the people working for big labels are very experienced in marketing, touring, press, album releases, distribution, international distribution, accounting etc. These are all things Taylor Swift needs to be a mainstre... | [
"why do celebrities make/advertise go fund me accounts? why do businesses that make millions or billions of dollars still demand tax cuts or publicly funded sports stadiums? Why do women still expect men to pay for dates? Never pay ypurself if you can get other people to pay. Thats how you become rich in the first... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Social Issues:"
} |
What makes some engines signifcantly more powerful than others although they run with the same type of fuel | [
"Efficiency. If you burn more fuel per cycle, that can up power output. But, if you make each ‘burn’ more efficient - extracting more useful energy - you increase power that way too. Typically, increasing engine compression ratio will do this; although it comes with problems which must be controlled. The more heat ... | [
"The grade refers to the octane rating of the fuel, which is a measure of how easy it is to ignite. The harder a fuel is to ignite, the more it can be compressed in the engine first, and the more energy it will release. The thing is that an engine has to be designed to work with a higher octane fuel - if you put t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do pubic hairs get curly as it grows longer? | [
"To put it very simply, hair grows of 2 kinds of pores. Circular and oval. When hair grow out of circular pores, they come out straight. When hair grows out of oval pores, it gets curly (cos it's less directed, imagine it)."
] | [
"Our bodies doesn't make hairs of certain length. It only tells hairs when to stop growing. If a hair doesn't get told to stop growing properly, it'll wind up longer than other hairs around it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it better to sleep in one big chunk, rather than taking a couple of naps throughout the day? | [
"You can adapt your body to take multiple naps throughout the day, it has more to do with how society functions. A lot of the alternative sleep cycles call for a nap every other hour or so, and you can't really do that if you are working an 8 hour shift. If you have not obligations and work from home then you could... | [
"Most likely, yes. Your sleep cycle is divided into parts like deep sleep and REM, and you go through several such cycles every night during a normal eight-hour rest. Now, if your three-hour rest was interrupted halfway through a cycle, that can be very disruptive. But as long as you are able to get a high quality ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How non-US countries health coverage works and why the US doesn't mimic it. | [
"Singapore has a different system altogether. Citizens have health insurance but pay more of the total bill. This helps keep insurance costs lower due to several factors but mostly keeping misuse or abuse of insurance to a minimum. Hospitals are required to post all of the prices so that consumers can shop for the ... | [
"Mandatory health care is great if done properly, I don't pay anything, ever."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do they make fireworks spin or spiral rather than go in a straight trajectory? | [
"By making them unbalanced. Imagine balancing the firework on your finger; if it rolls or falls off your finger, or you have to make a lot of adjustments to keep it balanced, then it will tumble (spin or spiral) if you were to replace your finger with a thrust like a little rocket engine."
] | [
"For a 5-year-old: A bullet only has enough power to go a certain distance. If you shoot the bullet really high, it won't go very far forward, but if you shoot a bullet really far forward, it wont' go very high. There are a few big things that will affect the bullet speed though: wind and gravity. Wind will slow ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How did we learn to distinguish between toxic and non-toxic plants and mushrooms, and especially treat some toxic plants so that they become edible? | [
"It was given to sheep, goats, dogs and if it were safe for them we would try. Trial and error"
] | [
"Many animals have a more acute sense of smell than humans; that would be useful sometimes. They might be able to tell in small tastes what berries are bitter -- signifying poisonous— better than humans, too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
} |
How do pain killers target certain areas? | [
"According to a Youtube video that I watched, they don't. Paracetamol, Aspirin, Morphine and so on do not target the specific painful area. They reduce pain overall throughout the entire body, although the mechanism of those drugs are different."
] | [
"It is basically a blocker of certain chemicals in the body which directly mediate pain, inflammation, and fever. By blocking these chemicals you therefore block the pain and inflammation. The minute details honestly aren't super interesting unless you like learning about cellular communication."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
If gravity can bend light and distort images, why isn't earth's (and other planets) images distorted when we look at them through a telescope? | [
"It does, just not in a way that you are going to notice without special equipment. It took a solar eclipse to look at light passing very close to the sun - the most massive object in our solar system - to empirically verify Einstein's theory of gravitational lensing."
] | [
"Just as many stars can be seen from space. The pictures we see from space are normally taken facing the sun, the moon, or the earth. In those pictures the objects in question are far too bright the camera isn't able to get light from the stars. But we have **plenty** of pictures from space facing away from earth/s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What is a copywriter? | [
"Copy is written content without a narrative. So in a company, it is usually a marketing function to generate social media post, brochures or advertising, but can also be an operations or engineering function to write user manuals and the like."
] | [
"Maybe let's start with: what is ring tone rap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What causes the sound (growl) in our stomach when we're very hungry? | [
"What is producing the sound is a mechanism that happens at all times. It is just more noticeable when the stomach is empty. When the stomach passes digested food into your intestines, it contracts. This contraction makes a rumbling noise. When your stomach is completely empty, and there is nothing to muffle the n... | [
"Because you have so much mucus flowing into your stomach you feel full and don't produce the hormones that make you feel hungry."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
If skin cells die and fall off everyday, how do we still have freckles and scars? | [
"The same way we still have regular skin which acts differently in various locations (such as hair growth in some places and no hair in others)— it gets replaced with the same type of cell that is programmed to act the same way. Some of these things may seem like “flaws” (cosmetically or otherwise) but they are jus... | [
"Skin is actual made of of three layers: - The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. - The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands. - The deeper subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is made of fat and co... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Why do toenails take longer to grow out than fingernails? | [
"Your toes are the farthest part of your body from your torso. Your torso has the organs that recycle blood by pumping it (heart), replenishing oxygen (lungs), and adding energy to it (intestines). Since your toes are far away, the blood reaching there has already given a deal of its oxygen and nutrients away befor... | [
"The crack is a weak point. As you move your body and put pressure on that toe, the weak points keeps cracking. Try putting a thin dab of superglue on the toenail, and apply more as it wears out or if you see more damage. This will keep the sides of the crack from flexing and will hold the nail in one piece. Eventu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do our eyes perceive a lit red/green/blue pixel as white? | [
"We perceive colours based on how much our three types of colour sensing cones in our eyes react to light. White, as a colour, is how our brain parses all three of those types reacting at the same time. In nature, this usually means a mix of many different colours of light, such as from the sun. On a screen, the th... | [
"Nope - it's not the same thing. The photons would still be two different wavelengths. But when reflected off of a white surface... > I already understand that red and blue make purple is sort of a trick our eyes do because of how the way the cones in our eyes perceive light. You've got it. The reason that a 400nm... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Computer Science:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Computer Science:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How did people calculate the Earth's population? | [
"Each country runs a census. They also know their birth and death rates. So the earth’s population is a very good estimate because, for example, the last census in a particular may have been 2 years ago and they estimate the population today based on birth/death rates. All in all, it’s fairly accurate."
] | [
"On earth, we refer to time in terms of daylight and earths rotation around the sun. This is a very abstract concept because one year on Earth is very different than one year on mars. One year is defined as the time it takes Earth to rotate around the sun. Using our abstract definition of time, we have determined t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do moles (nevi) start growing in your skin? What makes them stop growing? | [
"So our body is made up of cells. And each cell has a pigment that gives it the color of your skin. When a few cells get clustered together into a smaller region more than normal, there is a darker colour in that spot. They may randomly start growing but more often than not, it may mean there is a cancerous growth ... | [
"Moles can, but don't always, have an increased network of blood vessels associated with them. Another common feature some moles can have is an increased number of hair follicles growing out of them. So nothing too out of the ordinary in your case, I would hazard. One thing to keep an eye for is if your mole is get... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do some charging cables charge faster than others? | [
"The wires that carry current to the battery can be different circumferences . Bigger ones carry more current but are more expensive. In all likelihood the company that made the one at the gas station didn't invest much in its design."
] | [
"Fast charging works by providing a different voltage or having a lot of current available. It requires a special charger that can work with the phone. The phone and the charger negotiate what type of power will be used Phones still support the standard 5V 500mA charging that's been standard for a long time so they... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do fruit and vegetables ripen after they’ve been removed from their original plant/tree? | [
"They are still alive. Their biologic processes continue to function, albeit without the supply of food and water they had before they were picked."
] | [
"Most (all?) fruits ripen when exposed to something called ethylene, which is a gas. As the fruit ripens it releases more of this gas into the air. This is how all the fruit on a tree or in an orchard ripens are about the same time! What probably happened is the oranges were probably much more ripe than the bananas... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do Radio Waves work? They have always been around? | [
"Radio waves are electromagnetic waves, just like light is and X-Rays are. Radio waves have a larger wavelength than visible light, and they have always existed as a form of radiation just as every other electromagnetic wave has. They weren't used as a method of communication until the early 20th century though. We... | [
"If magnets are magic, is gravity magic too? Fundamental forces, yo. They run the universe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can't we use nuclear fission to fuel rockets? | [
"[We can.](_URL_0_) But putting a nuclear reactor on a rocket is a horribly bad idea. And a nuclear rocket would still use rocket fuel, it would just ditch the oxidizer."
] | [
"They have a nuclear reactor in them. The only difference between these reactors and the really big ones that power cities is scale. Now, can they be implemented in planes and cars? The answer is no. Nuclear reactors can only be so small, and are always going to be heavy due to the materials needed for shielding. S... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about science and technology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about science and technology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Energy and Environment:"
} |
Why do whales, as big as they are, only feast on small sea critters? | [
"Because filter feeding on massive swarms of krill is incredibly energy efficient. See, large whales aren't all that fast, especially when lounging at food as their lower jaw, almost angled at 90° from their body, acts as a gigantic parachute of sorts that slows the animal almost to a complete halt. To feed like th... | [
"Mostly because flying animals with venom don't eat animals as big as us. Venomous wasps eat other insects, big birds like birds of prey and petrels use strength to eat other big animals, bats eat insects and fruit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does the insurance company determine the value of my car in a settlement? | [
"Kia made a lot of Spectras in 2009. The insurance company will look at data on cars that are available on the used car market, mostly tradeins and from places like CarMax. They will try to find 2-3 cars that are about the same miles as yours, and then adjust for differences. It's pretty accurate, as used car price... | [
"Most states do not require you to have insurance to insure your own car. The minimum coverage in most states is liability insurance which takes care of the other person if you are at fault for the accident."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
how paul george can snap his leg in half and recover to be an mvp candidate but people are wondering if KD can return from an Achilles tear? | [
"The difference between the two is that George snapped his bone, while Durant tore his tendon. Bones in general are known to break apart and reform, with the right care, and are commonly known to fix themselves (e.g. broken arm in a cast). However, the Achilles’ tendon (tear) doesn’t carry its own robust (strong/h... | [
"I assume youre not ready for it? Like your body isnt prepared to get socked by john the 400 pound bodybuilder and has no idea how much itll hurt. But its ready for you to smack your knee and knows you really well. I also heard somewhere that you stop yourself from actually hurting yourself"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How does whistling produce sound? | [
"There is some friction between your lips and the air that passes through them. This friction can cause your lips/cheeks to vibrate kinda like a violin bow on a string. You can change the note by changing the volume of your mouth, like shortening a string by placing your finger on it."
] | [
"Sound doesn't need air to travel. Sound travels through liquids and solids too. So your ears don't only pick up sounds through the openings. They pick up sounds inside your head too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Science:"
} |
How do Captchas know if I'm a robot or not? | [
"IIRC a captcha collects data such as mouse movements and speed of input and such. I may be wrong though"
] | [
"Can someone explain the question to me like I'm five?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference between Inkjet, Laserjet and Matrix printer? | [
"An inkjet printer uses ink and is better for low volume (amount) printing and is normally better for home owners. A laserjet printer uses toner (dry powdery substance that gets electrically charged [stuck] to paper). This printer is much better for high volume (amount) printing and is seen much more in office set... | [
"They use a whole different technology to print to paper, called \"thermal printing\". It has it's pros and cons. For example, you can *only* print to thermal paper using a thermal printer. Also, you trade quality for velocity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why don’t animals need to brush their teeth after eating, but if humans go even a few months without proper dental care their teeth start to rot? | [
"Our diet contains waaaaay more refined sugar than our bodies are meant to handle. Its specifically the refined sugar that causes us so much teeth issues- even humans had better teeth prior to our diet working this way."
] | [
"No, if you properly brush and floss your teeth, and don't eat too much acidic foods that erode the enamel, your teeth easily last your entire life. Few people do properly floss and brush throughout their lives, so teeth fall victim to decay, one by one. Note that cheap plastic toothbrushes haven't really been arou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Dentistry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Dentistry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does a punch to the chin knock one out but a punch to the head might not? | [
"It’s about getting the skull to snap back. You get knocked out when you brain smashes against the inside of your skull, and a punch straight to the head probably won’t generate enough rotation to do that, but a punch to the chin will rock your skull backwards and your brain will hit the back of your head."
] | [
"With a proper head butt, you're using the top of your head, which is very hard, to hit your opponent in the face which is made up of a lot of smaller bones and relatively soft by comparison. Doing it wrong would hurt you a lot, but it would probably still do more damage to the other guy than to you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Biology/Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology/Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can a usb hub know how to route data from multiple sources into one usb hub? | [
"All communications are encoded with the source and destination. The data is sent to all devices on the hub. Everyone except the destination device ignores it."
] | [
"It's a design limitation: The USB system is a master / slave setup, where the master is on the computer and the slaves are the peripherals like mouse, keyboard, storage etc. That is what the design is. That is how the operating system expects it. However, have a look at _URL_0_ which explains how to connect two co... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are insulated cups made from seemingly highly conductive materials like stainless steel or aluminum? | [
"Oh I think I actually know this one! Okay, so there's actually three layers in the cup: an outer layer of metal, a vacuum layer, and an inner layer of metal. You want to use a metal that doesn't \"off-gas\" (i.e. release gas into the vacuum) after you seal off the center layer. You want that vacuum to be as empty... | [
"Acids can't dissolve everything, they can only react with chemicals susceptible to chemical attack by that acid. So while they'd have no trouble disintegrating a container made of steel or cheap polyethylene, highly chemically resistant materials like glass or polytetrafluoroethylene (teflon) can shrug off most ac... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do glasses always get dirty,almost greasy?Do dust molecules naturally stick to the lenses even though I take care of them? | [
"Glasses get dirty from a variety of things, most commonly from touching it. While you may take good care of them, any touch to any part of the glasses may have an affect on the lenses. If you tend to have oily, or dry and flaky skin, then your glasses will smudge and get dirty easily. Same goes for if you wear ma... | [
"the majority of the time it is just because your hands are dry. Throughout the day, you hands naturally get some oils etc... on the surface that help you get a better grip things like paper. That's why you often see people lick their finger or thumb to turn a page on a book. Dry hands like this can be caused by th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How does closed captioning work for live television commentary? | [
"Yes. Someone (called a stenographer) is usually typing along as the people talk. So there's about a three-sentence delay between what someone says and when it shows up in the captioning. If they mess up, it usually just gets put up as-is, and you might see active backspacing, because it's more or less a live-feed... | [
"The people that make the show or movie write down the subtitles, from the script. They package that as a subtitle file inside the video file, and Netflix opens that up to show it to you if you enable subtitles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How did some fruits come to have multiple varieties? eg. granny smith apples and gala apples or benishan mangoes and raspuri mangoes | [
"The same way German Shepard dogs come in all those fur patterns and humans come in a spectrum of skin and hair colors. Random mutations produce small variations, and coloration is a frequent mutation. Apples are a special case, as apple seeds don't breed true. If you plant Granny Smith apple seeds you don't get a... | [
"The \"seed\" in a cherry is called a pit, and if I'm not mistaken, it's where the juicy part of the cherry came from. Similar to dates and plums. In contrast, the seeds of grapes and oranges are intended to produce more grapevines/orange trees"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the brain store words in multiple languages | [
"This one's quite interesting since we don't really know how the brain stores words in one language in the first place, but our current best guess is that they are stored in a mental lexicon which is like a spider web connecting different words of same categories, be it word type, semantics, same prefixes, suffixes... | [
"Your brain is still developing, and everything is chaotic. Many believe that learning language is what enables to store long-term memory in a way you can retrieve it. You can't really organize and categorize the things that happen to you without having any categories to put them in."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do fruit flies sense and congregate when there’s expired fruit / something sweet around ? Even when there are closed windows. | [
"sorry about this..... & #x200B; Fruit fly larvae often come in \\_on the fruit\\_ and then subsequently hatch. If it helps you mitigate that nightmare, they also continue to hatch in places like garbage or sinks / disposals. But..for the most part, the \"expired fruit\" has this aggregation because sufficient ti... | [
"They're looking for food. Flies fly to do one of three things: - find food - find a mate (or lay eggs) - avoid a predator (or a swat) Otherwise, they want to save their energy and wouldn't fly at all. But the most food like smelling thing in the room is coming from you. But you're also swatting at it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are so many nuclear weapons regularly tested if we know what consequences they cause? | [
"The only nation that has tested nuclear weapons in the last 20 years is North Korea, and has done so only 6 times since 2006. This has been done in a highly calculated fashion, RNK is a very strange country with a strange power structure and shouldn't necessarily be expected to do things that are in it's best inte... | [
"The simple answer is that the major super powers that would be involved in a world war all have nuclear capability and it would mean the end of the world as we know it. There wont be any agreement that we will go to war without using nukes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why cows are attracted to and come calling to unique sounds like saxophones, burping, etc made by humans when normally they would avoid humans? | [
"Cow do not \"normally\" avoid humans. They are fully domesticated animals that have been bred to tolerate and depend on humans. Unlike wild animals they do not have a fear of humans. In the specific scenario you are talking about they have been trained that those sounds occur when feed is being put out or has bee... | [
"Animals tend to be afraid of the unknown. If they hear engine noises or gunshots, they run or fly away startled. They're also naturally afraid of humans so they stay away from anything that smells like humans. Animals growing up in warzones lose their fear of the noises such as gunshots and explosions. Kittens ado... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do nonverbal toddlers get tested for vision? | [
"They use an autorefractor. Shine image of a balloon onto the retina. Use a camera to look thru the Iris and see how focused the picture of the balloon is."
] | [
"A little of everything. How to learn, what to learn, how to adjust socially, keeping kids out of trouble, catching early warning signs. There are many reasons for school"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What’s the difference between a mountain’s height and its prominence? How are each measured? | [
"Height usually refers to the height of the mountain above sea level; basically, what is the difference in height between the peak of the mountain and the average sea level below. & #x200B; Prominence refers to how much the peak of a mountain stands out from the surrounding landscape. Technically speaking, it's th... | [
"Well now we can use GPS satellites and other satellite mapping tools like synthetic aperture radar, but before that, we used a lot of trigonometry. To measure the height of a mountain, surveyors used a method called triangulation. Observers examined the peak from several points. Knowing the distance from the point... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
what do people who speak different languages hear when someone speaks English? | [
"It sounds just like what you hear when you hear someone speak in a language you don’t know. You can tell they are saying something that means something because their voice is controlled and their body language will tell you they are not just making up sounds like a crazy person. When I hear American English vs Uni... | [
"Context. If I'm dreaming with my family in there, I'll speak my native language, if its with my friends or colleagues, English then."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does touching the bulbs from headlights damage them but most other lightbulbs are fine to touch? | [
"To sum up, you leave oil from your fingers after touching a halogen bulb. When you turn the bulb on, the spot with the oil will heat up more than the rest of the bulb and can also cause the spot to warp and crack. All of this will cause the bulb to stop working early. This extends to any halogen bulb, car or house... | [
"A lot of modern cars use LEDs, now LEDs don't really dim, they actually just flash on and off really fast to give the perception of them being dimmer. So, if the same bulb is used for the high beams, then the regular headlight brightness will be achieved by dimming."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The Australian Reserve Bank just lowered our interest rate to 1%. If it goes negative wouldn't that mean it'd be better to store your money under your mattress? Hence, creating a massive panic from people emptying their savings accounts | [
"At 1% it's already negative if you count in inflation. Yes it's still better at a bank compared to your matress, but if you want to keep a bigger amount of money from losing its value you need to Invest into something. That is the goal of the bank"
] | [
"The 1% don't have piles of cash just sitting around, it's all tied up in investments to make them money. If they pulled all of that money out of investments and dumped it on the market I assume it would wreak the economy and devalue the hell out of currency."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
If we've never discovered life outside of Earth, what does it mean to say we've "discovered organic compounds" on a meteor? | [
"Organic compounds contain carbon. Compounds that don’t contain carbon are inorganic. The compounds that living things are made of on Earth contain carbon, and are called _organic compounds_. The idea is to discover areas of distant planets that contain the compounds that _could_ be evidence of living things, and ... | [
"We're studying the universe around us, as we have done for practically all of human existence. We're so excited and focused on habitable planets because they're the most likely candidates to find signs of extraterrestrial life (as we know it). Just because you can't get to where you're studying doesn't mean you ca... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about science:",
"pos": "Represent the post about science:",
"neg": "Represent the post about astronomy:"
} |
How does IT block thousands of websites with the click of a button instead of having to manually type in all the restricted sites? | [
"There are two ways to do it easily. You can either whitelist, which is allow, certain websites and have it automatically block the rest. This is only done if you want to only allow access to a few sites and nothing else, like only the company website and email servers. I've mostly seen this done on access terminal... | [
"They CAN see the site you are accessing and they CAN block https websites. In this case, it's just an error on their part. They have a policy for filtering http and a policy for filtering https and the policies don't match for whatever reason."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does liquid butter taste so much different than solid butter | [
"Because it is emulsified when solid. In liquid form it gets separated. You can see the water and fat separate. Just like mayonnaise. The base Content is oil, milk, and other stuff. They won't taste same when separate."
] | [
"They (generally) take regular butter and whip it and/or add some type of oil that is liquid at room temp. So the butter can be easier to spread because there are tiny air bubbles interspersed throughout, it is softened by being mixed with a “softer” oil, or both. I’m not talking about “butter flavored spreads” he... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do photons turn into matter. | [
"An interaction (annihilation or scattering of particles) can take place only if - among other things - energy and momentum are conserved. That means one single photon can't turn into matter particles. This is impossible because a massless system can't to turn into one with mass due to the energy and momentum conse... | [
"Atoms are not smaller than photons. Why would you say they are?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Science:"
} |
Can you gain tan over tattoos? | [
"Yes - the tattoo ink is contained within the dermis. The skin above that can tan normally and dull the tattoo. Additionally, tattoos are damaged by direct sunlight; the colours in the ink will fade and break down, causing blurring and fading of the tattoo. So keeping it out of the sun entirely or using high SPF l... | [
"It lowers your blood sugar, eat a spoon of peanut butter and you'll go right back to sleep. Source: saw it on a meme a while back"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Sleep and fatigue:"
} |
Why are cross-bred animals like mules and ligers always sterile? | [
"The offspring wind up with different numbers of chromosomes that don't line up very well. & #x200B; Here's a longer explanation: [_URL_0_](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"A horse and a donkey mating produces *mules*. Surely you have heard of mules. Most species cannot interbreed due to different chromosome count, unpaired chromosomes, or cellular chemistry (sperm needs very specific chemical signals from an egg cell). Cow and goats are not closely related and cannot interbreed. Goa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does 37°C weather feel unbearably hot when that's more or less the normal temperature of our insides? | [
"Because our body produces heat on its own already. Once the air temperature is above our body temperature the air doesn't cool us anymore which means the body has to drastically increase its efforts to not overheat."
] | [
"I don't think they are colder than the room, it just feels that way. Unless you keep the room at 96.5degrees F, most room temperatures are much colder than normal body temps"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
I've always heard that not eating breakfast is bad for you, but what are the actual consequences if you skip breakfast? | [
"The idea that \"breakfast is the most important meal\" is a myth. Here is an article with links you can follow regarding the history of the Quaker/Kellog invention of breakfast as we know it, and the weird religious nonsense behind the creation of this myth: _URL_0_"
] | [
"I think a lot of people are like this, myself included. I've actually mentioned it to a nutritionist friend of mine. She told me that the general rule of thumb is to eat when you are hungry. If you aren't hungry when you wake up, of course eating will make you nauseous. Made sense to me."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:"
} |
What is happening when you stare into a light and then see patterns when you blink? | [
"It used up all light sensor cells in your retina. They take a while to regenerate back, so you have a blindspot that your brain fills these patterns"
] | [
"> What are these red dots? They are red blood cells zipping through the tiny capillaries on the surface of your retina. Usually our brains filter them out as noise but sometimes we can see them such as when our brains haven't adapted yet or when we trick it by looking into a featureless blue sky."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
Why do people shake Polaroid photos after taking them? | [
"The original Polaroid technology needed to dry before it set, thus the “need” to shake it and expose it to air and probably to discourage users from touching the film while it dried. Modern Polaroids are actually laminated under a plastic film, so it’s no longer necessary to shake them. In fact Polaroid advise aga... | [
"Why do you stare at your dog when it's taking a shit?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Animal behavior:"
} |
How does hail work when its summer and the temperatures are way above freezing? | [
"Temperatures are not above freezing a few Km up in the air. Hail falls too fast to melt before it hits the ground."
] | [
"Because of differences in the temperature of the upper atmosphere. If it's below freezing up in the clouds, snow will form even if it is above freezing on the ground."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do pigeons always flock around tourists and other birds less so? | [
"Because where tourists are, discarded food likely is. Pigeons are a domesticated species. As a whole, they've evolved to live alongside humans. Other birds haven't undergone this process, so they don't have the innate programming of \"If you go near people there's more likely to be food\", and they also still have... | [
"We don't look or act like their predators. Its the same reason Penguins walk right up to us. They've also learned over time that we will go out of our way to not harm them. The same reason that birds in cities will often just hang around on sidewalks and not fly off when people approach."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Bird behavior:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Bird behavior:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why current computer keyboards are not in alphabetic order? | [
"Because people got good at typing with the current layout and it would be inconvenient for people to learn new typing skills when switching from typewriters to computers. There are more efficient keyboards out there (not alphabetic) but we stick with qwerty."
] | [
"Basically it was designed to prevent typewriter jams back in the day. Typewriters had the letters attached to these metal arms that would swing out and strike the paper whenever the corresponding key was pressed. If the writer was typing fast enough they could cause these metal arms to hit each other and therefore... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why even when you’re dehydrated, do you sometimes have to wake up to urinate in the middle of the night? | [
"Dehydration is your body not having enough water, that doesn’t mean that your body does not have any water. So you can still drink water, have you body ingest the water, and urinate even if you’re still dehydrated. Your body urinates all liquids you drink regardless of whether your dehydrated or not because dehyd... | [
"Clear pee is good, you might be a little more hydrated than you need to be but that won't hurt you one bit save for being a bit annoying when you have to pee every hour or so. Dark urine is a sign of dehydration."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about biology:"
} |
What are the benefits of standing up at work versus sitting down? | [
"Standing is straight up better, most of the time. Our ancestors stood, crouched down etc. for most of their time. Their bodies slowly became more and more adjusted to do that more and more efficiently. The result of that is what we have in our bodies. Sitting all day can cause problems with your lower back mainl... | [
"Because that 8 hours you are in bed, you are sleeping. Something the body needs to do in order to recharge and be ready for the next day. Sitting at a desk doesn't do anything except be part of a sedentary lifestyle. If you were to sit at a desk for 8 hours instead of sleeping, that would be one thing, but you are... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Health:"
} |
After seeing a little spider dance to itself in the mirror, it made me wonder; are humans the only animals who are able to recognize that it is themselves in the reflection? | [
"Cats are a curious case. They don't seem to recognise themselves in the mirror but as soon as they realise that there is no real cat they ignore the reflection as irrelevant just as they might ignore a shadow that follows their movements. They must know the reflection is somehow related to them like a shadow is bu... | [
"That's kind of like asking if animals recognize painting, architecture or poetry for what they are. As far as we know, animals don't have the capacity to appreciate or understand the concept of art. I mean we've all seen videos of pets watching tv and reacting to what's happening on screen, but they're not aware t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do satellites distinguish between all the billions of signals emitted by all the devices in the world? | [
"Very few of the devices that people use day-to-day communicate directly with satellites (aside from GPS, but it only receives data broadcast from the satellites to every GPS devices). If you do not own a boat or an airplane, you likely also do not own any device that can transmit to a satellite (this is actually t... | [
"Yep. It's may be difficult to realize, but radio waves have identical properties to visible light. This is because they are both forms of electromagnetic radiation. Radio waves travel at the speed of light and do not deteriorate in space. In the same way that you can see the light from the sun 300,000,000 miles aw... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science and Technology:"
} |
The effect of a ceiling fan on air pressure in a room? | [
"Nope, you have a closed system. Whatever underpressure you get will have equal over pressure somewhere else."
] | [
"This is simply because of the natural variations in the density or types of particles in the air."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How exactly does someone die from drinking too much water? | [
"Too much water causes sodium to leave the cells and enter the blood. This gradual dilution isn't a problem except the sodium is lost in small amounts as you urinate. Eventually enough sodium is lost to where muscle cells cannot function and your heart does not reliably generate an electrical impulse to beat. There... | [
"After 20 takes you'll probably be vomiting from drinking too much water, coffee, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does grass make pollen? | [
"It depends on what type of grass it is. In particular a lot of common lawn grasses like couch will flower when still quite short. For wind pollinated grasses it can be hard to even tell when they are flowering too unless you look closely - because they are pollinated by the wind rather than by insects they've neve... | [
"Millions of years of evolution? Like asking why do bees collect pollen...to make honey."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it easier to learn a new language when you are younger and harder when you are older. | [
"There's a concept called neuroplasticity at work there. When you're young, you're learning a lot, creating new associations between sounds, objects, and words. Those are formed as actual neural connections between areas of the brain. As you age, a lot of the connections are already set in place, and forming new as... | [
"I think it has more to do with psychology than physiology: adventure is more important to children than comfort. Our priorities shift as we get older."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what does it mean when a game engine is tied to the fps? why is high fps sometimes casuing problem? | [
"I know one example is that some games have physics engines that are tied to FPS so if a game were to be forced to run faster, the originally intended animations and movement of objects can get all crazy and accelerated."
] | [
"It's not that it suddenly turns off and can't be turned back on if the hardware isn't good enough. You just don't get the polygon count or frame rate you would have liked if your hardware isn't good enough. Expect VR games on the xbone to have lower polygon counts and less visual effects than the same game if it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the post about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
why is burning plastics (like polyethylene) bad when it's a hydrocarbon like wood? | [
"There are very hazardous substances out there which are \"just hydrogen and carbon\". One group of these are called \"dioxins\", which are produced in high quantities when plastics are burned and are highly toxic. There is also the fact that plastics don't always totally combust, and small particles of unburned pl... | [
"It gets burned off and is present in the form of soot, carbon dioxide, and water, which are the products of (incomplete) combustion of hydrocarbons such as wax."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do cops/hospitals track down families so quickly after an accident? | [
"Most people carry ID on them which means someone unconscious can be identified, from there it's generally from public records or other databases. Say you get in an accident and are unconscious and cannot identify yourself - police get your purse or wallet and look at your drivers license. If you're not driving wit... | [
"you don't need everyone to know to report it, you just need the doctors to report it. All of those are pretty serious diseases, doctors get called pretty quickly. So the doctors head out and report it as soon as they identify them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Law enforcement:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Law enforcement:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health and Medicine:"
} |
Why do wine bottles usually use corks instead of lids or caps? | [
"Yes, it is to do with the fermentation process and allowing oxygen to enter the bottle as it ages. Fermentation is what we call it when the yeast (living organisms) change the grape juice by eating the sugar and creating the alcohol and flavors of the finished wine. *Many wines develop undesirable aromas unde... | [
"Only wine where the bottle is closed off with actual cork needs to be stored on its side. The reason is that the cork otherwise dries out and won't seal correctly any more which will make the wine go bad. Modern bottles that are closed off with a screw cap or synthetic cork do not require being stored on their si... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What do businesses use the app “Looker” for? | [
"Looker is a data visualization tool, like Tableau. It takes data in its raw form and presents it in a friendly, human-readable form. It's very common when people like business executives want to peruse data."
] | [
"What are you using it for? Where are you located?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why are there so many sign languages? | [
"> Are sign languages connected to specific languages, like how English might be connected with American Sign Language? In most cases, that's how it works, but not necessarily. For example, someone signing in American Sign Language would not be understood by someone who knew British Sign Language. Even though both... | [
"Why do people in Western countries use forks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
If you are overweight, why can’t you live off of your fat preservatives and function normally? | [
"You can live off it. That doesn't mean it'll be pleasant in the meantime. Your body generally wants to keep you alive - if you're not doing important things like eating, it's going to make you feel bad until you do. Over a longer period of time, you'll start running into issues with some vitamin/mineral deficienc... | [
"You build muscle and stimulate fat loss with exercise and burning calories. You can still lose weight by eating less, but if you also exercise you lower your risk for a lot of diseases related to your heart. Just my best guess honestly, I am not an expert on this at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Where do vitamins go? What happens? | [
"The vitamins are taken into your blood through your small intestines, like all other nutrients. Then, they either stay there until used or are filtered out (like vitamin C) or they get stored in your fat until you need it (like vitamin A). You don't actually need all that much to work, just a trace amount to catal... | [
"There are many vitamins with very different sources and therefore many ways to make them For example: vitamin K can be made by some bacteria that are chillin in the colon (the last segment of the intestines) Vitamin D is made in the skin. Our body makes cholesterol, changes it into a different form, with direct s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
How does a theater projector that is only a few inches wide, create a perfectly clear picture hundreds of times it original size? | [
"Basically you use a super powerful. lamp, shine it through a lens, through the film, and onto a sheet with a really high albedo, and the rest is on the film strips. Getting it all in focus is the hard bit."
] | [
"Yes, the original 35 mm film had much higher resolution than Blu-ray. Remember, they were meant to be shown on a huge cinema size screen... if you put up a Blu-ray movie on a 20 meter wide screen it wouldn't look nice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
my mom has brown eyes and my dad has blue eyes (with slight heterochromia) and i have green eyes. how did this happen? | [
"Eye color is controlled by at least 15 genes, so its heredity is not trivial. You have a mixed set of genes."
] | [
"i have this too! especially if i’ve been inside all day and step out into bright light. when I was little, my mom used to tell me to look at the light if I had to sneeze. i’ve given that advice to my friends and everyone looks at me like I’m crazy. Only recently did I find out that it’s genetic and only happens in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do people shake when they are scared? | [
"When you start to feel scared/nervous your body releases stress hormones that send energy to your cells because your fight or flight response gets triggered."
] | [
"What's that scared feeling called, when you don't even know what you scared about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What is the self-torque property of light? | [
"Light is a *transverse* wave, and a *particle*. As a wave it can even be circularly polarized, (Imagine a wave down a rope but instead you send a corkscrew wave down.) however what scientists discovered wasn't actually about circular polarization at all. As a particle light has *angular momentum* and this spin of ... | [
"The same way it speeds up, except with opposite sign: the magnetic fields push on it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does exercise lower your resting heart rate when exercise itself increases your heart rate dramatically? | [
"Your heart is a muscle the pumps blood. As you exercise your heatrate increases. This strengthens your heart over time. As your heart grows stronger, it can pump more blood per pump. Your body only needs a certain amount of blood moved at a time, so stronger pumps means less pumps needed per minute."
] | [
"* There are some studies that show that long term exercise slowly builds up the muscle of the heart. * Stronger heart muscles means more blood gets circulated per pump. * This means your heart doesn't have to pump *as hard* each time, resulting in lower blood pressure. * Also studies indicate that long term exerci... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is it lightbulbs have to be replaced every so often but seemingly small lights (like those that indicate a TV is off/on) can last for 10 years or more? | [
"Older light bulbs are incandescent lights. They make light by heating a small metal filament with electricity. Over time that filament wears out and eventually breaks. Small lights like the power light on an appliance have been mostly LEDs for probably 30 years now. LEDs have a *much* longer lifespan, but until th... | [
"I assume you mean a fluorescent bulb. Yes, the energy you save will more than pay for the bulb. Also the bulb lasts longer than an incandescent bulb, so you win there too. Fluorescent bulbs contain mercury which is bad, but a very tiny amount. An incandescent bulb actually puts *more* mercury into the environment ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Electrical engineering:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Electrical engineering:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Lighting technology:"
} |
How does instinct work? How does an organism know how to do something without learning it from something else? | [
"Yeah I guess I can kinda wrap my head around natural engraved constant instincts such as breathing coming from DNA but just intrigued as to how something knows what to do later on in life when the situation occurs e.g a turtle or salmon knowing how to navigate back to its birth grounds Edited: said can’t instead ... | [
"> What speaks against bees being conscious? I don't know, \"conscious\" is generally taken to mean something which is aware and responding to one's surroundings. Bees definitely fit this description. > If they aren't conscious, how is their behaviour explainable with instincts only? That isn't quite the same idea... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does squinting make your vision better when you’re near-sighted? | [
"The reason things are blurry is because light is scattering onto your retina when it passes through your lens. Normally your lens is supposed to bend in order to focus the light so you get a clear image. Squinting lets less light into your eye, therefore less light will be scattered, and the resulting image will b... | [
"Are you talking about how old people need reading glasses? That’s not because you’ve become far-sighted. It’s because the muscle that control the lens in your eyes weaken, and it happens to pretty much everyone. If that’s what you’re talking about, the answer is no. They just get bad at both near and far sight."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do some humans have a naturally beautiful singing voice, while others can’t carry a tune to save their life? | [
"Part of singing well is listening well. If you can't hear the difference between one note and another, or if you can't hear the detail in the sounds you produce, how are you going to know how to produce the right sounds?"
] | [
"Because the guitarist still needs a modicum of skill in order to move his fingers deftly, hit the right chords, get the bends right, and generally make the guitar sound good. Auto-tuning often covers up the obvious fact that a singer is off-key. Use too much auto tune, and most people will figure out that you actu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
how does performing music change their ability when normally they have trouble speaking, like Mel Tillis or Kodi Lee? | [
"If I follow your question correctly [this video ](_URL_0_) from a rapper and poet called Scoobius Pip might help. He's a really talented and unusual artist who suffers from a stutter. In really basic terms your brain uses a number of different parts while singing that it does not need for speech alone. Somehow hav... | [
"People who are good at reading wont read the words in their head, I assume the same goes for deaf people, but I'm not actually sure."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does fabric work? As in, going from say, raw cotton, to a cotton sheet or T-shirt | [
"Friction Consider this. Take two pieces of paper and lay them on top of each other. Now pull them apart. Easy. Now take two phone books and overlay the pages one at a time. Now try to pull them apart. The friction from all the pages is so high you would need two semi trucks to pull them apart. _URL_0_ Same goes ... | [
"you're not just paying for the cow hide, you're paying for the cost of turning that cow hide into tanned leather, and then turning that leather into the final product. let's just say it takes a lot of work to turn cow skin into wallets and purses. for an example, cotton is cheap, but when you buy a cotton shirt, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How to montage/video/tribute editors edit clips to have the dialogue but not the music attributed to the actual scene in the TV show/movie? | [
"They can go to the source material which has separate audio tracks for each audio. The actor speaking, sound effects, music, ambience. The original production of the film means mixing the sounds to the final product."
] | [
"They play the music at the same % as how fast they plan to sped up/slow down the video and have the singers lip-sync to that version."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do clothing retailers operate and profit? | [
"No they sell them at 400% price and then mark it down as 75% off so people buy them. And if someone like it so much they buy it at 400%? That's even better"
] | [
"A company wants to earn as much money as possible, so they change their website, selection etc. to earn as much money as possible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What did people do about wisdom teeth before dental surgery? | [
"Well they would pull them if they could and if not you lived with the pain or died of infection."
] | [
"I'm guessing that maybe some animals could use dental work but are extremely unlikely to make an appointment with the local dentist any time soon."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Dentistry:"
} |
How do flea collars work? | [
"The collar produces a scent that ticks don’t like. Since the ticks do not like the scent, they don’t bite you or the animal the collar is on. Others like mosquitos work in a similar way"
] | [
"They don't prevent insect bites, they kill the insects. Frontline and Comfortis are essentially \"pet pesticides\". They work poisoning the fleas. The fleas can still bit the cat, but they end up getting poisoned. Fleas are particularly attracted to furry animals because the fur provides shelter and protection for... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is Jurassic Park not possible in real life? | [
"Because DNA simply doesn't last that long. DNA degrades over time after an organism dies. Even under the best circumstances, DNA completely degrades in about 6.8 million years. Dinosaurs have been dead for nearly 10 times longer than that. There's simply no dinosaur DNA left to use."
] | [
"To be a little less specific, what did people think the future in general would be like before the Industrial Revolution?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do digital video game "keys" work? | [
"Think of it like a receipt number or proof of purchase. It’s just a serial number used to prove that you purchased the game."
] | [
"> How do webgames make money? Advertising & microtransactions are the two big ones."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
In a closed loop system such as earth, how does animal production contribute to rising CO2 and CH4 levels? | [
"Earth is not a closed system. It receives, at the very least, constant energy input from the Sun. This energy input allows for chemical and biochemical processes to occur (e.g. plants growing), and these processes in turn allow for the chemical synthesis of various things - such as the molecules comprising greenho... | [
"Probably positive. The amount of energy absorbed and converted for human use will be only a tiny fraction of the total power that the earth receives. The biggest impact is in far lower CO2, NO, O3, and micro dust emissions, thus limitting the greenhouse effect and the smog that occurs on too many places (e.g. LA &... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did Hard Drives become so small over the course of 1956 to today? | [
"The discovery of the \"giant magnetoresistant effect\", honored by a Nobel price, allowed the magnetic read head (and such the magnetic track) to become substantially smaller since the 1990s. Then of course improvement into the magnetic layers and mechanics."
] | [
"Short answer is Yes. Longer answer is, not, really: We're only 15 Years into the 21th Century, so, yes of course there were more Serial Killers in the entire 20th Centuryas opposed to the (Beginning of the) 21th. But that doesn't mean that there will be less serial killers coming in the next 85 Years."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What happens if someone joins the Navy and doesn’t know that they get extremely sea sick until after they are underway at sea? | [
"They go to sick bay and get given anti sickness drugs, put up with the symptoms and eventually get used to it. Usually just before they hit land for a while and then have to go through the whole process of acclimatisation again. Souce: my dad was in the navy and gets sea sick. He still enjoyed his time as he did s... | [
"Nope, it's a contract. You have to go where they tell you when they tell you with very little say in between. And if you just take off and leave it's called going AWOL and you will be sent to prison."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do people usually have to fast before an operation, and how does this work in case of an urgent, unplanned operation where the person has not been fasting? | [
"Because of the general anesthesia. General anesthesia and the intubation process can make people vomit or regurgitate, and since you're unconscious and your normal reflexes are suppressed, you could aspirate stomach contents into your lungs, which can be fatal. Also for surgery on part of the digestive system itse... | [
"The main reason is because while in anesthesia, basic reflexes like coughing are suppressed, and if you throw up during surgery (because of the anesthesia for example) the food and liquids would go down your respiratory tract. This can be extremely damaging due to the acid and bacteria contained in your stomach. I... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do all mammals have two eyes, but specific insects and arachnids have more? | [
"Actual ELI5: All vertebrates evolved from fish which already had two eyes. Spiders evolved from some of the earliest land Arthropods. Hunting spiders tend to have evolved extra pairs of eyes, which help them detect things to their sides and give them depth perception."
] | [
"Due to bilateral symmetry (animals being roughly symmetrical down the middle) all mammals, as far as I know, have an even number of nipples, even ones where only one offspring at a time is the norm."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Where is your DNA, and can it be changed by receiving donated blood or organs? | [
"It's in every single cell in your body. It can not be changed, as every cell would have to be changed. Donated organs and blood have a different DNA but are accepted in your body. They can't change what \"your DNA\" is though. DNA can be altered in single cells through chemicals or radiation. This means we can mod... | [
"They are working on things like that. Aging is more complicated than that. But it does include the fact that the Chromosomes in cells show aging. Cancer is a result of uncorrected genetic damage. Generally a virus is much smaller than our own DNA. So it is like wanting to use a back pack for a shipping container. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it harder to open the door of a room when the AC is on? | [
"The AC creates a positive pressure in the room, which pushes the door closed. As you open it into the room, you increase the pressure in the room further for a moment, which wants to force the door closed. If that’s what you meant."
] | [
"Your friend is full of crap. ELI5: When they take warm air and make it cold, the heat has to go somewhere, so it goes out the vents. One of those is near the door where you walk in. At home you can try going outside and standing behind the air conditioner in the window. It's not as big and powerful as the grocery ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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