query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why is there such a huge difference in intelligence in humans? Isn’t our physical brain broadly comparable, and capable of the same performance in memory retention and retrieval, mathematical calculations, problem solving, etc.? | [
"If you think about the intelligence it takes to do basic tasks, like distinguishing colors and shapes or understanding a simple sequence of events, we’re all roughly as smart. The variation really becomes apparent for more sophisticated tasks like doing calculus or coming up with insights from large volumes of unc... | [
"Intelligence has a direct correlation to the size of an animals brain when compared to the size of the animal. For instance, we humans have very large brains for our bodies. That means that we have extra processing power beyond what is required for basic motor function. Many birds also have large brains. They can ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do they make fireworks so that they explode in particular shapes like stars, instead of out in every direction? | [
"There's a \"How It's Made\" episode on it... super fascinating and you should watch it! Basically they pack them in the cylinder with plastic pieces that help provide a platform for the metals/powder to explode from. Keep it seperated. Then how they position those pieces make the shape..hopefully."
] | [
"The flames are made of the combusting material. As the molecules heat up they glow and rise into the air, creating the look of the flame."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does your chest and head physically hurt when you are sad or heartbroken? | [
"These are all symptoms of stress: muscles tightness or contraction, increased heart rate and intensity, shortness of breath, and blood concentrating to one's core in a fight or flight response. Scientists arent totally sure they know why this happens but they believe the vagus nerve can be so overstimulated that i... | [
"I'm not an expert, but here is how I understand it: You can sweat for a multitude of reasons, like from sickness or working out, but you also can sweat from emotion. For example, when you are nervous you tend to sweat a lot, both on your palms and under your arms. This also occurs when you are afraid. Therefore, I... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
5: Prior to the first moon landing, how did scientists get the necessary data to help them design the equipment required for them to land? For example: rockets, landing gear, space suits and stuff necessary for the astronauts re-entry into earth. | [
"Through space missions and experiments on earth prior to going to the moon. It's why there were space programs, like Gemini, before the Apollo moon missions."
] | [
"The space station is currently used for conducting experiments in micro gravity. But it can also be used as a checkpoint for longer missions that require heavy payloads. For example: if we want to send a ship to the moon we can send the ship without fuel to the ISS (International Space Station) and then send the f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why doesn’t water damage a jet engine | [
"Rain is almost all air, with very little water. The water does get into the get engine, where the heat boils it to steam which exist with all the other exhaust. Jets are made of materials that can survive this situation, as it's common whenever you fly through a cloud."
] | [
"You're not going to be able to do anything with a lighter but a water bottle full of an explosive mixture would bring down the plane."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why hasn't Bluetooth been replaced by another technology such as infrared wireless, ultra wideband, induction wireless, etc.? | [
"Infrared requires line of sight. Bluetooth which uses radio waves does not. Bluetooth has a 20-30ft of range. Inductive has millimeters of range."
] | [
"WiFi is not the same thing as a cellular network. This seems to be a common misconception, when I tell people that I have wireless broadband, because I can't get a landline, many people respond \"oh, so you got wifi\". WiFi use 2.4 GHz radio waves, cellular networks use many different frequencies, from ~700 MHz u... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do psychologists keep their own mental health while constantly dealing with depressed patients? | [
"My psychology professor said that he and his colleagues see other psychologists to work through any issues they face."
] | [
"A psychiatrist is a medical doctor, who went to medical school and chose to specialize in psychiatry (just like how other medical students choose to specialize in being heart doctors or lung doctors). A psychiatrist prescribes medicine and uses medicine to make you feel better. A psychologist does not use medicine... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is time the fourth dimension? How were we able to come to this conclusion? | [
"It's the fourth necessary dimension to get an exact location of something. For instance I can tell you that a ball falling is 10 inches from the ground, 10 inches away from you 10 inches to your left. But if I don't tell you WHEN a particular measurement took place during the balls fall, you can't do anything with... | [
"By its very nature the Big Bang destroyed all information before the event itself, if there even was a \"before\". It gets a little tricky because from a certain perspective there was no time before the Big Bang. We have some theories on how the Big Bang might have come about, but we're not even sure they can be p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do city lights look like they are flickering in the distance? | [
"This may be better suited for /r/answers than here, because the answer is simple and straightforward: The air between you and the lights isn't perfectly uniform. There are pressure differences and particulates in the air that distort the light. Since air is always moving, the distortion changes... this shows up as... | [
"The Oort cloud isn't actually emitting any light, so there isn't anything for our telescopes to pick up on. Distant galaxies, on the other hand, are composed of countless stars as bright as or brighter than our own. Its the same reason you could see a lighthouse from miles away out at sea, but not your hand in fro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about astronomy:"
} |
How is all money debt? Is all money debt? | [
"There’s no money in existence and I am a bank. You come to me to borrow ten dollars. You must pay me back the ten dollars. Plus interest. The ten dollars I gave you is the only ten dollars in existence. You can never pay off the debt."
] | [
"I think you'll find that 90% of the world economy operates on 'digital IOUs' these days. That's literally all there is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
How is it that people who committed crimes that are no longer illegal, are still imprisoned? | [
"A crime committed is still a crime committed, even if later legislation makes the same action legal going forward. That is unless there was specific action to pardon those convicted for that action."
] | [
"If they were proved, in a court of law, beyond a reasonable doubt, to have knowingly and falsely accused someone, they do get sent to prison."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is happening to your body when you get motion sickness? | [
"Your mind relies on two senses to judge where your body is in space and how it's moving: your sight, and something called the *vestibular sense,* which relies on the structures of your inner ear help determine motion. Usually, those two things agree with each other, and everything's fine. But let's take the common... | [
"Your brain is telling your body to get something off of itself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do under inflated tires pose a greater risk of a blowout compared to recommended inflation pressure? | [
"Underinflated tires squish down and then expand and bounce back with every rotation. This constant expansion and contraction causes heat to build up in the sidewall eventually weakening it and causing a blowout."
] | [
"NASCAR tires are what are called \"slicks\" which means that they have no tread at all making them very good for gripping smooth surfaces like race tracks. They are also made of very soft rubber which increases traction further. A downside to this soft rubber is that it wears out very quickly compared to normal ti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How are studios able to come out with a 4k re-release years after the movie was made? | [
"Good quality film stock is actually significantly higher quality that 4k. So you can take an old movie filmed with quality equipment and get a solid 4k copy out of it. The biggest problem in all of this is trying to remaster movies from the early days of digital filming. Star Wars Episode 2 apparently was filmed ... | [
"If you are talking about that not all the movies have a HD version but do have a standard version, that would be because the movie wasn't produced in HD originally and no one have gone back to the original movie reel and converted it to an HD format. Edit: in the cases were they could have a HD version, it would h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist. | [
"The two often work together to treat someone, with slightly differing approaches. Psychologists tend to focus on the mental and emotional part, \"walking\" patients through their thoughts to help develop better thought patterns. Psychiatrists tend to focus on the physical part, prescribing medication to correct ch... | [
"Is this explain like i'm five or explain like i'm a theoretical physicist?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does a pump work? | [
"It creates pressure which then provides the force to move something. Exactly how it works depends upon what type of pump you are talking about and whether it is water air or something else that is being pumped."
] | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
To combat adverse environment modification how do they not continuously cut down trees and bury them | [
"That handles some minor levels of carbon sequestration, but think about it: trees are one of the best carbon capture devices on earth, and can do so for 80-3,000 years for each tree, depending on variety. Trees don’t reach maximum efficiency until they’re at least 30 years old. So if you cut them down, you lose al... | [
"The earth has both th atmosphere to burn up many before they can do damage and the active geology and erosion to cover up damage after enough years."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Astronomy:"
} |
how do spiders string a web at face height across large open spaces? | [
"Spiderwebs have two types, strong or sticky. So a spider will just spin out some sticky followed by some strong, and it will drift on the breeze until it hits something and sticks. It's so light it doesn't take much to get it going across a large distance. Then they move where they want to attach the other end ... | [
"It would just burst some w here close by. It takes the path of least resistance and the geysers aren't connected around the world"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are air vents always placed by windows? Doesn’t that defeat the purpose? Wouldn’t the room be more efficiently cooled/heated if the vent was placed somewhere else in the room? | [
"Window glass is the coldest part of a wall. When warm room air hits it, the air cools, and cool air sinks. The movement of cool air creates floor drafts that most people find uncomfortable. The placement of forced-air heat registers or baseboard heating units under the windows counteracts this process by sending u... | [
"Well, I suppose blowing directly on you? However, I have some other thoughts on this and you can't stop me from writing them here. To cool a house with a fan, open one window at one end of the house, and the doors of course, and then put a fan blowing out in a window at the other end of the house. As the warm air ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What exactly is a pyramid scheme? | [
"First, send me 10 dollars. Then ask 4 of your friends for 10 dollars each. Ask them to do the same thing. You can keep half of whatever money you get but give the rest to me. Then you'll find out what a pyramid scheme is."
] | [
"To convince you into purchasing from them. It is a basic marketing ploy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Finance:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Finance:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come after a CIA or Military operation gets declassified the files say “redacted” for certain things? | [
"Because there are still secret aspects of the file that cannot be revealed to the public. A file doesn't have to be 100% declassified to be \"declassified\", if that makes sense - it just means that it has to go through the process of being cleared for public release."
] | [
"because it's interesting to see what kind of funny bullshit they can come up with. I just came across one the other day that showed a picture of a redacted document (had all sorts of blacked out portions of it) and the headline says FBI Just realized its been using black highlighters all these years"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is Condensation and why does it stick to windows? | [
"Water can exist in three forms: ice, water, and steam. When it's cold, water is ice. When it's nice out, it's water. When it's hot, it becomes steam. The hot steam from a shower touches the cold glass of the bathroom mirror and becomes water again."
] | [
"Being cold encourages condensation, which makes them slightly wet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why has the US historically had trouble winning wars with Asian countries? | [
"Korea was [crazy all-around](_URL_0_); the US was literally *about* to win it (Communist forces had been pushed all the way north to the Chinese border) when the Chinese stepped in on North Korea's behalf, and the US was unwilling to actually fight the Chinese because we thought it would trigger World War III. Vie... | [
"World War 2. Before World War 2, the US was largely isolationist, and kept a small military force to defend itself from invasion. It relied on its huge geographic isolation for protection. At the start of WW2, the US had the 17th largest military in the world, behind Romania. After WW2, the US had the largest mil... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Shooting unarmed soldiers is a war crime but why not bombing unarmed cargo ships? | [
"It isn't being unarmed, it is the surrender. An unarmed soldier is still a target. Buildings full of unarmed soldiers (doing work that doesn't require a gun) are still targeted. If a soldier throws down their weapons and flees they are still a target. If a cargo ship surrenders (not trying to save the cargo by fl... | [
"All they need is a fleet of B52's to flattened the whole city. A couple of nukes to flatten the country, so why can't they just destroy a whole city or a country? Because of the civilians, and how the international relations will view their actions. It's easy to kill people, but hard to identify friends from foe."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about current affairs:"
} |
how bidets work/are supposed to be used. how does it cut tp use so much? | [
"Okay, here’s the deal. A bidet attachment sits on your toilet, so after you go, you can directly spray the area with pressurized water. All of this is happening inside the toilet bowl, so there’s no mess to deal with. Compare having to wipe several times with toilet paper and still not being totally clean, vs. usi... | [
"the magnets around the water pipe don't really do anything. they also get sold to increase fuel milage / cooking gas economy etc. its a scam and they do fuck all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do fish survive when lightning strikes a body of water like a lake or pond? | [
"If they are near the surface, they don't survive. Water is a super good conductor and keeps the electricity up near the surface. Anything deep enough in won't even notice."
] | [
"Since it's a plant, it needs to get energy from the sun to live (through photosynthesis). It's easier to do this on the surface than underwater, especially in murky waters like are often found in ponds and lakes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How does the US prison system work? | [
"Private prisons also have contracts with the state so that is they fall below a certain number of inmates the state has to pay a fine. Incentivizing them to imprison more people. God bless capitalism"
] | [
"What does the Pope handle on a day to day basis?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why did Andrew Jackson hate the National Bank and try to destroy it? | [
"Kennedy hated it for the same reason: the National Bank is too dependant on the National Government. We Americans like to be independent on a national, state, and local level. Depending on the world Bank is putting too much power on the National level. America was founded on the principal that it's citizens' taxes... | [
"The two biggest events that took away power from the States and gave it to the Federal Government was the US civil war, and the expansion of the use of the Commerce Clause of the constitution to do things like ending segregation in the South."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are developers able to program computers to be better at the game of chess than most humans? | [
"I feel like your question is: how can someone who does not play chess well, program a computer to play chess well? This IS an excellent question. We have to design a learning program, that evaluates chess games, and plays games then self-adjusts to win more. This is where the ‘value driven’ code looks for the best... | [
"A lot of people wouldn't consider chess a sport, a few people would consider checkers a sport. To get to what you're asking in why someone would consider chess a sport, but not checkers, chess has a damn near infinite amount of possible moves that to this day, we've not been able to build a computer that has solve... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do all the yummy foods have such high calorie amount or calorie density? And why does the human body want it so much? | [
"Sugar and fat are 2 good sources of energy, that's why your body craves them, you need them to stay alive. The problem is now it's much more easily available than ever."
] | [
"You need at least some Vitamin A and Vitamin C, and you won't get it without some vegetables. That aside, it is precisely because they have almost no calories that they're healthy. The biggest food risk for 1st worlders is overeating calories."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do animals with large antlers like Deer and Moose get through the forests without getting tangled constantly. | [
"First they tend to walk on established animal trails, which from centuries of animals grazing along side the are cleared of most snags. Second they do hit tree branches all the time, they just keep walking and get untangled or back up. Very rarely does an animal get so badly tangled that it starves to death. If yo... | [
"They grow like normal bone, and are covered by \"velvet\" until they rub it off to expose the bone. They grow and fall off every year in male deer. There's a lot of genetics and environmental factors behind how they look. Healthy adult deer will have bigger and stronger antlers. And they are used for clashes betwe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it if I enter a successful password most systems log me in immediately, but if I enter an incorrect one, it takes notably longer? | [
"It's often a method of preventing brute force attacks. If you delay everytime you get a bad password, it slows down the attacks to the point either the attacker gives up or it gives intrusion detection systems time to say \"Hey, this guy is an asshat, block his IP\"."
] | [
"What happens when you click on one of their links is you get taken to a proxy page. This proxy page basically acts like a handler for requests. It then passes you on to the relevant page. When you press back on any webpage the browser you use automatically re-enters any data it did the first time around. An exampl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do people seem to explore deep traumas through their sexual personalities? (Those w/ kinks) | [
"I am unsure of the connection, but growing up and all through puberty I was a heavy bedwetter. I never used diapers or goodnites or anything, but always wished my parents had me use them as I hated waking up wet. As an adult I found out that wearing a diaper when under extreme stress helps me relax and be more con... | [
"Many people can have many different reasons, but a theme that seems to crop up is the idea that they can 'change' a bad criminal into a good person. Some people are sexually attracted to violent criminals (Hybristophilia). Also, Manson is quite the master of manipulation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do cryptic crosswords work? | [
"Each clue is in two parts one a straightforward clue the other a cryptic one, however in most crosswords there isn't a guide to which part is which. So a cryptic clue might be - Musical with two soldiers to which the answer is GIGI, Gigi is a musical and another word for soldier is GI or general infantryman. two s... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens to a Fly when they are exiting a vehicle window of a car that is going 60+MPH? | [
"The fly's mass vs. it's surface area on that kind of scale would be such a negligible force, it would likely almost instantaneously halt in the air and just keep flying. Air molecules are much more of a force at that scale than they are at our scale."
] | [
"Why would they? The air in the car is moving along with them. When you're coasting on the highway at 65 if you put your hand up in the air does it get thrown back behind your head? No because your arm is already moving at 65 MPH."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
India's Caste System and why it's important | [
"Basically, you're born into a role/social class and you must live like that class does (Brahmin= Priest/Religious worker, Kshatriya= Warriors, Vaishya= Merchants and artisans, Shudra= Low class workers, Dalits= Impoverished to the point of total ostracism/ Literally means Untouchable) After enough cycles of living... | [
"Small Population, High Tax Rate, Reasonably Successful Companies and Economy, and a Socialist System. Socialism isn't bad, its expensive but it also takes care of you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do machines transfer movement (gears, windmills, water mills, etc.) into energy? | [
"Everything on earth is energy in some way, shape or form. In the case of machines like wind turbines and water turbines, the energy is in the form of moving matter (called *kinetic* energy). A turbine (like the blades on a windmill) captures some of that energy by slowing down the wind or water that passes by in o... | [
"What do most industrial machines use electricity for? To drive a motor. What does a motor do? It spins a shaft. What does a water wheel do? It spins a shaft! Look at [a picture from inside an old mill](_URL_0_), there are shafts that run along the ceiling, these are connected to the water wheels outside. They powe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did the world universally start using cotton swabs to clean ears when it warns on the packaging not to use to clean ears? | [
"The usage came before the warnings. Warnings come after stupid people hurt themselves then get lawyers involved."
] | [
"The ear is self cleaning and nothing smaller than an elbow should touch the inner ear. By all means use a cotton swab to clean the outside but you don't need to clean the inside. If you suffer with wax build up then there are ways of dealing with it but it's best to talk to your doctor."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does our voice sound a lot different from what we can hear and what others can hear? | [
"It's because of the way we hear. Your inner ears work by picking up vibrations in the air on the tympanic membrane (ear drum) and transferring them into the cochlear duct, which is kinda like the sensor that your brain uses to pick up sound. Tiny hairlike fibers inside the cochlea vibrate and pass that information... | [
"We don't actually hate them. Our voice \"Spreads\" to our whole body through our bones. This means that when we talk, part of what we said goes to our ears through the bones and makes us believe that our voice is what we hear when we talk therefore when listening to it through a tape or video we disliked it becaus... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Language and Communication:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Language and Communication:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do we know that domesticated/farmed animals and pets are actually happy? | [
"With dogs and cats, we have had them long enough to know, behaviorally, what depression and anxiety look like. You've probably heard people talk about how their dog gets anxious when meeting strangers. Now you have a baseline, so you know when they are not happy, so you can tell when they are happy. Likewise, ther... | [
"Because the definition of domestication means that another species is being manipulated by us for our own benefit. We are basically \"making\" them do what we like so that we can benefit from it. Which is domestication. Whether it's for food or for companionship etc. And it's not always the case that they are alwa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Animal behavior:"
} |
why recipes say you need separate mixing bowls for ingredients, when in the end we mix all contents together? | [
"You want to mix your leavening agents as little as possible so you don't activate it too much/too soon. Combining wet ingredients usually requires a lot of mixing to homogenize the eggs/milk/oils etc, so you do those separate from the dry. That way you can mix the liquids as much as needed without disturbing the l... | [
"It is not itself wet, but you add it to the wet ingredients because it makes the water molecules less available for gluten formation. That prevents your cake getting chewy like bread. So we sometimes call it a \"wet ingredient\" only because it is supposed to go in the bowl with the wet ingredients. In other recep... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does money from sold records go to the artist instead of the store that sold them? | [
"The store pays the record company for the records they sell (this is actually more complicated than it sounds, but doesn't affect our end goal). As an additional quirk in the industry, the record company seriously only gets paid for records that actually sell, not just ones that are shipped to the store for sale. ... | [
"You might be hearing the same songs but the royalties to those songs go through different companies. Movies, music, books, games and pretty much all entertainment media are licensed for distribution to a local company in foreign markets. These licenses are generally *exclusive*. That means if some American record ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what are all the down sides of the proposed USA census questions asking about citizenship? | [
"People who are not citizens or those who host them, like land lords or relatives, will feel reluctant to report the true number of people living under their roof if they believe that doing so could mark them for raid and or deportation. It is put there as a scare tactic to make people afraid to be counted, similar... | [
"Difficult to find one, but we need a non bias person to explain it. All the previous searches appear to say the same thing. Republicans want little government, Democrats want big government. But I'm betting the OP wants details on their specific beliefs on the bug issues."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
; How does heat help muscles in relaxing/repairing process? | [
"Increases size of veins and arteries allowing more blood flow. Blood has healing stuff in it. Ice reduces size and prevents swelling."
] | [
"There are three types of muscle fibers in humans. 1. Fast Glycolytic: These are built up in weight lifting. They are fast and strong, but they get tired very fast. 2. Fast Oxidative: These are fast and strong, but not as fast and strong as the glycolytic muscles. They are built up in endurance events such as long... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do we learn emotions? | [
"There is a lot of research saying emotions are instinctual and not learned behavior. We all experience the same emotions, and no matter the culture or upbringing, can recognize the same emotions."
] | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
why do some roller coasters exhaust their lifespan in 8-10 years while others made of the same materials last 40+ at the same parks? | [
"Most short lived coasters tend to have significant g forces that put extra stress on the structure. This causes harder wear on the rails, substructure, and train components. If the coaster has a unique or complex mechanism (tilt coasters, original LIM, launchers, etc) it will most likely have life span issues due ... | [
"Diesel engines are also a lot more tolerant of extreme conditions such as running non-stop and idling for extended amounts of time. Gasoline engines tend to overheat when idling for a longer-than-reasonable amount of time, and a constant duty-cycle causes them to wear faster. A diesel engine can last 500,000 - 1,0... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why does the feeling of needing to go to the bathroom come and go until it’s unbearable? Why don’t we have to go right away the first time we feel it? | [
"Because it's not immediately full in an instant, and eventually it reaches a point where something has to give."
] | [
"The uterus contracts to expel its contents. Think about when you have diarrhea. You get stomach cramps as your body works to eliminate your watery stool. It's like that. Edit: The pain is different for every woman. For some, the pain is severe, and they need to take pain relievers and use hot pads. Some even miss... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the skin on male genitals about 5 or more shades darker then the rest of the skin on my entire body? Been this way my whole life. | [
"_URL_0_ “ELI5 translation: The chemicals that turn you into adult also make you darker. The skin at your genitals reacts more from those chemicals. We evolved this way likely to protect the areas more from harmful sunlight radiation.\" You can also argue that it’s part of sexual coloring, or that the skin in those... | [
"The amount of melanin in the palms of your hands can't show through the skin there. It's a different type of skin (different nr. of layers) than the rest of the body (except palms of our feet). That's a trait shared by all humans. Same as why do we have two eyes. That's why you can't get tan palms of your hands, r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What is the benefit of doctors and nurses in hospitals working shifts longer than 8 hours? | [
"Nurse here. Transitions of care between care providers is where most errors occur. Reducing the number of transitions of care reduces the likely hood of errors. So instead of 3 transitions in a 24 hour period, you're looking at 2. 33% reductions by that intervention alone. Also, most hospitals consider working 3, ... | [
"It requires little to no qualifications and doesn't necessarily require you to work 9 am to 5 pm. Meaning you can go to auditions and such during business hours."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
During a battle during the American Civil War, how would generals have accurate maps of elevation, roads, woods, etc and know where their troops were and how they were doing as a major battle was unfolding? | [
"They wouldn't. They couldn't. They didn't. They used scouts and runners to carry messages and explore terrain as best they could. But it was of limited effectiveness. No matter how good their information was or how well they knew the terrain, they could still fall victim to what's known as \"for of war\". The fog ... | [
"The change happened around the time that guns became more powerful and accurate. Before this, battles in the west were fought in close range and in organized formations. It was important to see who was who and over the smoke of the guns, so that ranks could be held and friendly fire avoided. Later, when battles w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does CVT fluid work? | [
"It is not the opposite of a lubricant. It is a very high quality lubricant with a bunch of wear reducing additives. The mechanism has geometry that doesn't slip in the direction of applied torque, but it does slip in the direction that changes the \"gear ratio\"."
] | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Where do viruses come from? | [
"This can't be answered as a general question, there are too many different types of virii and they all have unique transmissions and incubations. & #x200B; But as a general thing, virii are a piece of \"malevolent genetic information\", so to speak. It's a piece of genetic information that is able to be copied by... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
When smoking cannabis, why do you only get high for a few hours even though THC remains in your body for 30 days? | [
"The psychoactive effects wear off bc your brain flushes the THC. What doesn’t cross the blood brain barrier is stored in muscle and fat tissue after the body metabolizes it."
] | [
"THC is fat-soluble. Meaning when you smoke weed THC is stored in the fat cells, meth and many other drugs are water-soluble. You could drink enough water to flush meth out of your system for good. With THC, water only dilutes it for a short amount of time and cannot flush your system because it is stored in the fa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how and why do humans age if cells reproduce? | [
"There are a couple reasons. One of the big ones are a part of the DNA in the cells called \"telomeres\". They're like the endcaps on the DNA that keep it protected. Over time the telomeres wear down after lots of cell divisions, and eventually the DNA doesn't work properly, so the cells can't reproduce or have mo... | [
"Cancer. Cells continuing to divide with no limit is called cancer. If you mean instead \"what would happen to us if our bodies focused on sustaining cells /efficiency as long as possible before natural cell death what would happen?\" Is a much more interesting question."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why it feels so insanely uncomfortable, almost painful, when your asleep leg gets poked or to even touch anything with it? | [
"With lack of blood, it almost simulates nerve damage. Your nerves essentially misfire; sending false signals to your brain. Explained by someone who has extreme nerve damage in 1 leg from a near fatal car accident that ultimately resulted in no blood to 1 leg for roughly 12 hours. Long enough for necrosis to begin... | [
"Sometimes it feels nice, does anybody know why it feels nice occasionally (Feels like a massage) and sometimes it feels nasty like somebody stabbing you with needles?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How are skyscrapers resistant to earthquakes? (How) Are they the safest place to be during an earthquake? | [
"The LA building code has significant earthquake safety provisions. You're much safer in an LA skyscraper than you'd be in a NYC building of the same height, if there was a 6.6 magnitude earthquake happened 150 miles from NYC. Large buildings get much more strict inspection when they are being built that lower cost... | [
"In states like California, the wooden homes can withstand earthquakes (and is cheaper than the other earthquake code approved material, steel reinforced concrete) because they're flexible and can bend a bit. So what homes are made of is going to depend on where you are. Are you on Long Island in New York? The hous... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How did Christianity expanded to countries like Russia? | [
"During the 4th century AD emperor Constantine of the Roman empire adopted christianity and converted the empire. Then the empire split and the new capital was constantinople and became the byzantine empire. The byzantine empire stretched as far north as crimea, north of the Black sea. In the 9th century missionari... | [
"A follow-up and related question: how about young people in other parts of the world in this time period? I.e. South Asia, China, West Africa, South America?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is human instinct learned or part of our genes? | [
"Before I answer I need someone to define human instincts. To my knowledge we aren't even sure if language aquisition is instinctual or learned. That said, any behavior that can properly be called an instinct has to be genetic by definition. From Meriam Webster: a: a largely inheritable and unalterable tendency of ... | [
"Human morality isn't based around survival of the fittest."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do bullets fired into the air come down fast enough to do damage? | [
"Bullets are propelled by gases from a gunpowder charge. Once it leaves the barrel traveling up, eventually the round reaches an apex, and heads back toward gravity. It will reach terminal velocity falling back down, which is much less than muzzle velocity firing up, but still enough to do damage. Case in point, a ... | [
"Falling objects have a terminal velocity, this is the highest speed they can reach while falling. Because Ants are so tiny and weigh so little their terminal velocity is pretty low, so the speed they hit the ground at is never going to be fast enough to hurt them. Humans are comparatively huge and heavy compared t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
If someone dies and they're not found for a while, are utilities charged to the company or is it just strictly taken from asset values? | [
"The company will try to recover the bill from the estate of the deceased, just like any other creditor with an outstanding debt owing to them. If they can't, they just have to write it off. The usual order of asset distribution is 1) funeral cost, 2) creditor's bills, 3) specific bequests, if any, 4) residue of es... | [
"Whatever jurisdiction controls the area that the person who committed suicide died in. Was it in a city? Then the city cleans it up. Was it in an unincorporated area? Then it is the county's responsibility. Was it at a National Park? Then the federal government is responsible (though the body would be transferred ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why are we not in full control of our brains although we are the host? | [
"Imagine if you could alter how the engine in your car performs at any moment. Chances are, you'd tweak settings that might ruin the engine permanently. Same thing with your operating system -- there are settings you can't change (or have very restricted access to) because messing around with those settings can cau... | [
"So what is it about human physiology that makes this work differently for us?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does putting the key fob up to my cheek boost the signal and lock my car when normally it's out of range? | [
"In certain cases, your body can act as a makeshift antenna, interfering (sometimes constructively, as seen here) with electromagnetic waves. In this case, your body is boosting the signal being produced by your key fob, allowing your car to interpret it."
] | [
"Well, the range for keyless entry (if you're talking about the kind you keep in your pocket and touch a button on the side of the car to lock/unlock, and not the type that you have to have in your hand and push a button to lock/unlock) is small. Very small. A few feet small. So any attempt by a stranger to hit unl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does self-harm release something to make you feel better? | [
"When your body experiences pain, you can get rushes of chemicals like adrenaline or endorphins. Endorphins make you feel good and adrenaline gives you a rush. It’s the reason why self-harm is hard to stop because your body can get addicted to those feelings."
] | [
"Next time you feel something just force yourself to feel the opposite and see how easy that is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What is the thing with people getting mad over Nike and Mermaids? | [
"I think Nike showed support for the NFL players who protested police brutality during the national anthem"
] | [
"Can someone explain why hip-hop decided to run with it too?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Russia manage to antagonize much of the West when its economy is not much bigger than Australia or Spain??? | [
"Russia still has a robust intelligence system from the cold war. Human Intel isn't as expensive as fancy equipment. A single B2 bomber costs a billion dollars, that's enough to employ tens of thousands of agents for decades."
] | [
"While very large and rich in resources, it has fewer people than Argentina, Poland, or Sudan. There are cities in China with almost as many people as Canada. In addition, culturally, politically, and diplomatically, they are similar to their close allies the US and the UK, and don't have much to add to what those ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What exactly is DNS, and what does enabling it do? | [
"Without DNS, if you wanted to go to a specific website, you'd have to type into your web browser something like 84.15.136.7:80. With DNS, you can simply put into your web browser _URL_0_. The application of DNS is a server that your computer goes to and says \"hey, my user wants to go to _URL_0_, what's the IP of ... | [
"Because HTTPS has nothing to do with being hacked or not."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What are the criteria by which scientists decide whether a seismic event is a new earthquake or an aftershock? | [
"Hey /u/gsnow! I just relayed that one amazing post of yours to another grieving friend. I've been doing this ever since you first posted it. So, I decided to see if you were still posting and how you were doing. I'm happy to see that you just posted this. I feel like I can safely say /u/TheEarthquakeGuy can proba... | [
"Earthquakes can happen anywhere, not just on fault lines. Fault lines are locations where the structure of the Earth's crust has a break. Smaller or partial breaks exist elsewhere, and even an unbroken section of crust can still break if sufficient stress is applied to it; after all, fault lines come from somewher... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Geology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Geology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What causes a ship's propeller to lose efficiency as its RPMs increase past a certain point? | [
"Cavitation causes the prop to loose efficiency. When the blades cut through the water too fast they cause hundreds/thousands of tiny bubbles to form as the water is literally cut, this is cavitation. These bubbles lower the density of the water causing loss of efficiency. They will also over time cause damage to t... | [
"A gasoline or diesel engine has an ideal speed that it wants to be running at. This is usually somewhere in the range of 1500-4000 revolutions per minute. But, the wheels of your car need to spin either slower or faster than that depending on what speed you want to go. So, a gear box lets your engine continue to r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are mobile game ads are so bad? | [
"What's worst is when multiple different games use the same 'stock gameplay footage', so you basically watch the same ad, just with a different logo at the end."
] | [
"> How do webgames make money? Advertising & microtransactions are the two big ones."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If eyesight is not treated it gets worse and worse over time. Can it heal itself? If there are people with bad foresight and myopia why cannot it turn back? | [
"If you have poor eyesight, it gets worse over time whether you treat it or not. Usually, it stabilizes once you reach adulthood*. Again, regardless of whether or not you treat it . And no, it can't heal itself. It's caused by your eyeball not being quite the right shape as it grows, which causes images to be proj... | [
"Eyeglasses or contacts don't slow worsening vision, they only correct for it so you can see clearly. Likewise, they. don't make your eyesight worse. Your eyes aren't \"not relaxed\" when you wear glasses or contacts. Intuitively, this should make sense because the eyes of people with perfect vision who don't need ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
After a natural disaster, what is the benefit of declaring state of emergency? | [
"Not sure about insurance. But declaring a state of emergency will activate funds that have been set aside for clean up, repairs, and other needed things for after a disaster."
] | [
"FEMA isn't designed to stop natural disasters, it is there to help people who have been displaced by natural disasters. It has no particular expertise when it comes to putting out fires."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does a ski chairlift slow down for the people getting on/off, but the rest of the chairs in the middle of the ride up don’t feel it? | [
"The chairs disconnect from the main drive cable as they enter the stations at each end. They proceed on a slower drive system in the stations then reconnect to the main cable as they leave. See: _URL_0_"
] | [
"If you press up, and the car is going down, it won't stop for you. This saves the other passengers time, since they don't have to stop on the way down. The car will stop for you on the next upward pass. If there's more than one car, you save time as well because you don't have to deadhead down - you can just get w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
why does inbreeding lead to problems for the offspring? | [
"Inbreeding is a problem because there is no substitute for faulty genes. Humans can carry the genes for a fault, with out experiencing problems them selfs. Your siblings have a high risk of the same faults. Now if 2 People have a Child, the healthy genes often wins. If there is no healthy gene to pick from, like t... | [
"Sexual reproduction gives more variation within the species in a shorter timeframe. Variation can be a good thing. Edit: to answer your second question, these sorts of things come about if the benefit outweighs the cost. So if it's beneficial to have a multi partnered relationship, outweighing the cost of complexi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why can firms like Ally & Goldman Sachs offer much higher interest rates for savings then my own bank? | [
"Instead of higher interest rates, it offers services like in person tellers, physical branches, linked checking accounts, notary services, certified checking and networks of no-fee atms. Enough people value those extra benefits that those banks don't feel the need to offer higher interest rates to compete with onl... | [
"Interesting on a savings account is taxed, while earnings from a Roth IRA are tax free. Additionally, an IRA will probably have a far higher interest rate than a typical savings account at the bank."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What has the US actually gained, in terms of assets or tactical advantages, as a result of the Iraq war? | [
"It strengthened Iran considerably. You could argue that a strong Iran is good for the United States because it makes the Arab countries more welcoming of US power."
] | [
"Russia has the second largest military on the planet. Realistically, the only country that can stand up to them militarily is the nation with the largest military, the United States. Deploying large forces to the Crimea is a logistical and political nightmare for the United States. The Black Sea is effectively clo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does snake charming work? Is it legit? | [
"Snakes move according to the movement of the instrument that the snake charmer plays and maybe even his hand movements. Snakes cannot hear loud music the way we hear them, they don't have an external ear. They can take in low vibrations but music as such, no. Either the snake is trained to follow the instrument or... | [
"You can't cure the sickness, but you can treat the symptoms. That's all these medicines are doing. It provides some relief."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
how hot air balloons navigate with accuracy | [
"There are different \"layers\" to the air, so at 100 feet, the wind may be blowing to the west, but at 250 feet the wind may be blowing to the east. So hot air balloons have to go up and down until they find a layer that is going the direction they want to go. It's not an exact science by any means and sometimes... | [
"Birds have little magnetic minerals in their skulls that make them sense the earts magnetic field. Thats how they dont get lost when migrating"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What makes cockroaches so resilient? Could humans utilize any of the same characteristics to our benefit? | [
"We dont have a queen, we're mammals who fight each other. If humans behaved like roaches we'd all work together to reduce emissions and stop fighting each other."
] | [
"The first problem is that nature sometimes has little or nothing to do with it. Man has driven a lot of species to or near extinction. In some ways it's trying to repair what damage we have done. Next is once an animal is gone, it's gone. There is a lot to learn and discover about animals and many animals are very... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Flavour tones in wine. What are they, and why do white and red wines have flavour tones of apricot, berries, or tropical flavour tones despite not having those fruits in them? | [
"Flavor tones in wines are a lot like finding shapes in the clouds, they don’t actually exist but when you take a sip of that wine the flavors you taste remind you of something you once ate or smelled."
] | [
"Chemistry. The flavor that makes a banana taste like a banana is a naturally occurring chemical, sometimes called an ester, in a banana. If you create this chemical in a laboratory without any actual bananas involved, the flavor is called artificial even though it is the exact same, or nearly same, chemical. If yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How long does the poison of a bee stays active after a bee died, and how and why? | [
"This is not my area, but I was interested so I looked at a research article characterizing bee toxin. For a quick Eli5 answer, it's going to stay active for a pretty long time, until the sticker and sac start decomposing. What I saw on the method of toxicity was suggesting it messed up clotting process, started di... | [
"Bees are vegetarians. They are looking for nectar. They recognized you are not a flower. Wasps are not so particular. They are looking for prey. It is obvious you are not prey. But you have reacted to their presence by swatting them. Africanized bees are more aggressive. The wasp is looking for prey to sting. The... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is my companies 'outlook' email system so much worse than gmail? | [
"Your company wants to have control over all emails and probably owns the email server. With Gmail, Google is hosting them and potentially has access to all."
] | [
"Google can do that between Gmail accounts because they have control over both accounts. Try it with a hotmail or yahoo account and you'll probably see it won't appear until the 30 seconds are over."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why are printers in offices so huge when regular printers do a perfectly good job? | [
"I don't know if it's the same for them all, but in my old job we had a massive printer in the office, and the reason is because the ink could be bought very cheap and last a lot longer. Instead of those small ink cartridges, we got extremely large ink banks, I guess they could be called, could last for around a mo... | [
"They probably don't print those on shitty inkjet printers, but on large professional printers that are much more expensive to buy and maintain but have a certain economy of scale when it comes to raw materials consumed. Printing these ads and coupons is likely a lot less expensive for them than it would be for you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What happens to the brain when you zone out? | [
"The brain decouples attention from outward sensation. It decides that nothing too important, difficult or dangerous is happening out there, and cuts the connection between the external and internal worlds. Your brain works at memory retrieval of things important to your own life, your future, your relationships et... | [
"Staring into nothing is a nice way to clear your mind and having a few seconds to yourself. Get lost"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the differences between OS systems like Mac OS, Linux & Windows? Why would someone want to use one over the other? | [
"They have different user interfaces, areas of learned expertise required and most important, software libraries available."
] | [
"There are a few reasons. 1. You like to use both operating systems. Maybe Windows is your main one but you like to use linux too. 2. Maybe you use software that can only be used/is much better on Windows (Photoshop/Games etc.) but you also use software that can only be used/is much better on linux (Vim, emacs, bas... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about technology:"
} |
How are hippos so fast despite their size? | [
"Their size is all muscle. You can move pretty much anything if you put enough power into it and hippo's can generate a lot of power."
] | [
"There are quite a lot of leaves for them to eat, plenty around to keep the population up, and they have sharp claws to ward off predators. Sloths can fuck you up if you aren't careful, as can most wild animals. They have slow metabolisms and usually move slow, hence the stereotypes, but they are doing just fine in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What is the difference between mixing and mastering a song? | [
"The most basic explanation is mixing is making adjustments to the individual tracks/instruments so that they mesh together best (adjusting volume of tracks against each other, adjusting eqs or the panning of certain tracks.) Mastering is adding whatever final touches/effects to the track as whole once the individu... | [
"They mean a bunch of different things. A DJ usually refers to someone who plays music at parties, nightclubs, bars, etc. Or it can refer to the guy on the radio who plays music. It has nothing to do with *making music*. With the popularity of electronic music, DJ can also refer to. An electronic artist. This ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
when doing cardio-like exercises, why is a lower heart rate suggested in order to be in the fat-burning ‘zone’ and a higher heart rate ‘cardio’? | [
"I haven’t found any studies confirming the idea of a fat/cardio heart range. But here’s what unsourced online articles say: The fat burning range is the heart range within which the relative proportion of fats to carbohydrates burned, rather than the total caloric value thereof, is highest. If you work out at high... | [
"1. exercise is generally great for you. 2. studies have shown very clearly that people are more succesful over longer periods of time with the exercise option than the food option. 3. exercise can result in muscle mass which increase your basel metabolic rate, which means you're burning more calories just being. T... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Fitness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Fitness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does fog in a forest look brighter than the actual forest itself even though there is no light source anywhere near it? | [
"The fog is white, while the forest is colored. Anything white on a colored background looks brighter than the background, because white reflects more light than any other color."
] | [
"When there is a lot of light on the ground, some of it goes up and makes the sky look brighter by lighting up dust in the air. And just like seeing a flash light in a dark room is easier then in a bright room, stars are easier to see in a dark sky then a bright sky."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How does laundry fabric softener make fabric softer? | [
"Basically, it contains an oil-based chemical that coats your clothes and makes them feel smoother to the touch. Rub a dryer sheet between your fingers and there's a sort of sticky/tacky feeling - that's the substance there. They also contain charged particles (ions) to neutralise the buildup of static electricity... | [
"Because of fabric softener. Fabric softener is what makes those towels so soft and fluffy. The way it works is by coating the towel in a thin layer of a special chemical. This chemical conducts electricity, so it prevents static electricity from making fibers from clinging to each other. That makes it fluffy. The ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are the heights of mountains measured? | [
"Most mountains were measured by surveying instruments such as theodolites, capable very accurate measurements of angles both horizontally and vertically. You start with a very accurately measured distance on the ground then measure the angles to a third point from each end and calculate how far away it is by trigo... | [
"Due to cosmic coincidence, the ratio of the size and distance to the sun and Moon are nearly identical."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
The controversy around the reliability of Wikipedia | [
"Some people trust a central authority that vets the information that gets published, like Encyclopedia Brittanica. Others prefer a crowd sourced model where anyone can modify or add information, like Wikipedia. Of course, this means that anyone can add almost anything to Wikipedia, even if it’s known to be untrue.... | [
"The big part of the controversy is that the main source of stem cells is human embryos."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do minivans have pop-out third row windows? | [
"I'd imagine it's due to some combination of cost reduction (car companies are *incredibly* stingy lol), improving airflow without causing the annoying buffeting effect inside the vehicle, and the simple fact that the rear wheels of a minivan are right under the third row windows, so those windows couldn't roll dow... | [
"Typically, the rear door is obstructed by the wheel well. As such, there is not room in the door for the window to go down all the way. Some cars without that obstruction (SUVs for example) typically will go all the way down."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is a good scenario to use the lower gears of an automatic transmission vehicle and why? | [
"Going down steep or long hills. A lower gear will allow the engine compression braking to slow the vehicle. That's important because overheated brakes lose ability to stop if the brake fluid boils."
] | [
"Modern automatics are more efficient than manuals. So this isn't the case any more. The answer you are looking for is a combination of everything listed here."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Automotive:"
} |
If 50+ SPF is best, why are there sunscreens on the market with much less protection? | [
"SPF 50 is not much more protective than SPF 30. Here is why. The number refers to the fraction of the UV radiation you are exposed to compared to no sunscreen. SPF 30 means 1/30th the UV exposure. This is 3.33%. SPF 50 is 1/50th, or 2%. There is greatly diminishing returns in the increased protection. Most societi... | [
"Technically: It's a UV transmission rating SPF 60 means 1 part in 60 of the UV radiation from the sun are transmitted to your skin, assuming you follow their instructions. & #x200B; Realistically: 1 SPF is like growing 1 layer of skin to tank the sunburn for you. 30 SPF = about 30 times the protection of your reg... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do graphics cards work? | [
"Each pixel on your screen always shows a certain color, depending on what it is you want to display on the screen. That color needs to be \"calculated\" somehow, depending on the program you're currently running and what it is you're seeing on your screen. Common computer screens nowadays have 1920 x 1080 = 2,073,... | [
"There is a lot of software running in newer TVs. Basically they need time to boot."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is the difference between hand soap and dish soap? | [
"Dish soap is definitely safe for hands! Dawn in particular is used to clean up animals caught in oil spills, and is great for giving infant kittens flea baths before they're big enough to handle the chemicals in flea meds. The difference though is that dish soap is designed to get rid of as much oil as possible, a... | [
"It's just regular Clorox with some sort of thickener in it, so is thicker than normal and less prone to splashing. Think of the difference between water and laundry detergent. That's about how much thicker it is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does licking your fingers either increase or decrease your grip? | [
"Wet fingers will increase or decrease your ability to grip different kinds of materials. Licking your finger and touching something porous like paper will cause your finger to stick to the page, while licking your fingers and grabbing onto something solid like a jar of pickles will cause your fingers to slide."
] | [
"When your hands are wet they are lubricated by the wetness. This reduces friction, which reduces your ability to grab and rip a package open."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What's the reason behind the American student loan crisis? | [
"I’ll try to not sound too political but these are just some of the facts. The whole crisis has many layers but this I think is a very big part of it. Govt backed guaranteed loans allows students to take out money without qualifying the type of degrees they are seeking. Whether you are applying to a college for as... | [
"Just a follow-up question to the original question - what about the reverse. What was Napoleon's view of the United States?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Education:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Education:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How was Venice built and how does it stay afloat? | [
"From Wikipedia^[citation](_URL_0_) : > It is situated on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges It doesn't stay afloat because it's not floating."
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
how do cameramen and women in films hide the cameras whilst filming so well when there is a scene with reflections? | [
"Scenes are carefully choreographed in advance, including the camera angle. That's the behind the scenes you see of the cinematographer walking around holding a lens to their eye. Sometimes, particularly with mirrors, they shoot with a non-plano camera that has a distortion opposite the the effect of shooting at an... | [
"The only films in which they really have sex are porn films. Remember that while a film may look like one continuous take it's actually several different takes of the same scene from different angles. Sometimes they also, rather than film the whole scene, will just film specific parts. This is all edited together ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
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