query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What is an RSS feed? | [
"Imagine all of the content you read on the internet was presented like a single subreddit or your facebook news feed (but it's just for you) in chronological order. first up, post from buzzfeed, then another site, then another. As long as you tag them in a RSS feed, you'll get all your content on one page."
] | [
"Download RES. It allows you to. The link is at the bottom under tools."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do people get irritated when they are hungry? | [
"Low blood sugar. your brain runs on glucose, and nothing else (unless you're fully keto) and low blood sugar makes it harder for your brain to do anything."
] | [
"A better question might be: why is your grammar worsens when you're drunk?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Fourier and Harmonic series | [
"These are mostly different things. A harmonic series is merely a kind of infinite series. It is the sum of x (some variable) +x/2+x/4+x/8 etc... This series sums up to infinity, and can be useful with some calculations. Now; a fourier series is another infinite series. A fourier series can represent pretty much an... | [
"By studying the effect their gravitational pull has on other bodies such as moons, asteroids, comments and fellow planets. Modifying Force = Mass * Acceleration Gives us a pretty accurate result. Refer to: _URL_0_ For a more detailed answer"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What does your phone do with all of the excess energy it gets after charging to 100%? | [
"Modern phones don't overcharge, by design. Its not safe to do so and could cause damage to the battery or other safety issues. Generally when they reach 100% they stop charging and actually slowly discharge their power down to about 95%, then charge back up and repeat."
] | [
"No, devices have a safety installed where after it becomes fully charged, the charger powers down to just enough to keep the battery at 100%. However if you do this your battery is constantly worked and it is good to drain your battery once a month and charge it back to 100%"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can a tiny $399 Go Pro with small battery shoot in 4K 60fps where as the large and bulky $2000 prosumer camcorders that also eat up power bricks of energy from companies like Sony only do 4K 30fps? | [
"4k describes the number of pixels the camera is capturing but there are other factors like color depth that describe how many shades of color the camera is capturing. The Hero 7 can record a bitrate of up to 78 Mb/s. Prosumer cameras can record up to 400 Mb/s. So the GoPro is sacrificing color and quality of the ... | [
"you can't get the same quality for the money, my camera can only get about 5 frames at full resolution in a second or two and then needs to catch up in the buffering.. it can shoot great quality video at 60fps but it is still a huge compromise in quality compared to what it can do for still images"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does aerobic exercise help a person maintain a healthy heart, as opposed to it deteriorating from high usage? | [
"Your heart is a muscle. Exercise improves the capabilities and efficiency of muscle. Anaerobic exercise increases strength, Aerobic increases endurance. You can’t exercise your heart *directly*, though anaerobic exercise will raise your heart rate and work it differently than aerobic exercise. Aerobics will increa... | [
"Blood pressure is influenced by 3 main things: How fast your heart pumps (heart rate), how much blood your heart can pump in one beat (stroke volume) and the resistance of the blood vessels. Exercise improves all of these! Your heart gets used to being able to pump more blood with one beat, so it doesn't need to p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the air in a stuffy room literally feel thicker? | [
"Stuffiness is usually associated with elevated humidity levels. In these cases, the air is actually heavier as humid air contains more water vapor. It is worth noting that as air temperature increases, it can hold more water vapor, which increases the stuffiness effect. For additional information on the properties... | [
"through the cracks in the walls and windows. Elevators and cars are not airtight, they are just more confined than a big room or an empty countryside. EDIT: yes, if you catch a fart and seal it in an airtight jar, it wouldn't dissipate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
the reflection on highways we see from a distance that disappears as we approach that point? | [
"Mirage explains part of it. The other is the angle of your vision to the highway. If your gaze is nearly parallel to a surface, even a non-reflective surface, that surface will begin to reflect light. You can test this by having just a regular metal ruler. It doesn't reflect light very well. Line the ruler up para... | [
"It's an illusion your mind creates to make sense of an object in the horizon. If you look at the rising moon upside down you'll notice it's small again."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
what is enriching uranium? How does it work? | [
"Natural uranium that we mine from the ground is mostly composed of uranium 238, with less than 1% uranium 235. Uranium 235 is the useful isotope for nuclear applications like reactors and weapons, and uranium 238 by itself isn't very useful, so we enrich it by increasing the percentage of u-235. This can be anywhe... | [
"nuclear fuel rods heat water, steam turns a turbine. they are very basic, no need to complicate it more than need be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does traveling super fast sow down your aging rate? | [
"It doesn't. It effects your relative perception of time. If you travel super fast for a few years, then return home, you may find that many decades have past. You didn't experience many decades though, only a few years. Time is relative depending on your reference frame."
] | [
"According to my biosystems engineer source they won't die any faster than normal starvation and old age. What that is for your particular bacteria will vary."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The method and health-related significance of this statement on my peanut butter food label: "Partially produced with genetic engineering." | [
"It means some of the product was helped along through genetic engineering. Could be sugar, peanuts, or another ingredient. Basically means science has been used to make it better/cheaper. It has no health significance."
] | [
"When foods characterized on the label as 'nondairy' contain a caseinate ingredient, the caseinate ingredient shall be followed by a parenthetical statement identifying its source. For example, if the manufacturer uses the term 'nondairy' on a creamer that contains sodium caseinate, it shall include a parenthetical... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How can someone tell what caused a fire if all that’s left is ashes? | [
"If you want to get technical...IF there truly is nothing but pure ash left, you can't tell. But that's never the case."
] | [
"The body is put into a cardboard box an put into a huge wall oven. After it finishes burning they sift through what is left and take out any metal you may have had in you like metal plates or screws or anything like that. They put that in a small bag. And set it aside. The small bone pieces that have not turned to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What makes people "light" vs "heavy" sleepers? | [
"Genetics, age, lifestyle (caffeine, alcohol, etc), sleep disorders can all affect how light or heavy of a sleeper someone is. Younger people generally sleep heavier. Some people are just naturally heavier or lighter sleepers."
] | [
"Brain work makes me much more \"sleepy\" tired than physical work."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:"
} |
Why do people vomit if they work out too hard? | [
"It's an ancient reflex, part of the fight or flight response. Voiding the bowels/stomach makes you a less attractive prey, makes you lighter on your feet, and facilitates the diversion of blood away from your GI system towards the skeletal muscles."
] | [
"You'll feel bloated and full if you drink it all at once. If you're exercising or playing sports it's very important to drink smaller amounts every now and then so you won't feel full."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do you prove that a 1200 calorie meal actually has said calories? | [
"Well, you don't really. You just add up the calorie count of the ingredients. & #x200B; I mean, it is possible to do it, but it is not realistic. & #x200B; It should be noted that the system we use today is an estimation, exact measurements of calories are rarely used. 1g of protein = 4 Cal, 1g carb = 4 Cal,1g f... | [
"You've misread something maybe you should upload the packet so we can understand where you've got it wrong. Beef jerky has approximately 33g of protein per 100g. It's impossible for 1 gram of jerky to have 10 grams of protein."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How does childhood trauma affect the development of the brain? | [
"ELI5: Think of developing a photo on film, the film is your brain, the photo is the stimulus. In order for the film to display the image, it has to undergo a change. Childhood trauma (stimulus) causes the brain to optimize things that can cause negative impacts on future every day life, but are survival reactions ... | [
"Affect is a verb. Alcohol affects the brain. Effect is a noun. You study the effect of alcohol on the brain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does diplomatic immunity actually work? | [
"Immunity is as much as your home country will allow. If your home country revokes your status, you're up shit creek in the country you just committed murder in. Revoking immunity is a phone call away and doesn't require you to be in a safe location before being revoked. The point of immunity is to prevent the dip... | [
"Extreme incompetence or criminal negligence. Take your pick!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
If dentists make money from bad teeth, why should I buy a toothpaste that 4/5 dentists recommend? | [
"Demand for their work will always exceed supply. They don't *want* to deal with your rotten mouth, but they'll take the money if it's there."
] | [
"Tooth paste does. All those terms are marketing terms to appeal to different types of people. Some care about a brighter smile, some care about no cavities, etc. I'm sure they could put \"fat free toothpaste\" on one and people would buy it for that reason. Almost all toothpaste have the same ingredients."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do self driving cars handle snow/icy/slick roads? | [
"Self driving cars have a large number of sensors, and can detect when the car is sliding. In the same way you \"feel the road\" the software detects the slightest slide or slip and reacts accordingly"
] | [
"People drive slower because of reduced visibility and poor road conditions. This being said if your going to drive 5mph the. Pull over and let people pass you. Rain, hail or thunder people still need to get places just more because who wants to be out in the rain. :)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
there are tigers in the Russian Far East, so why aren't there tigers in North America? | [
"Because they weren't present during the period where an ice-land bridge connected NA and Asia, so they never had the opportunity to cross over. The ancestor to the tigers in East Asia are from less than 10,000 years ago. The last ice age was about 11,700 years ago."
] | [
"There are. Many species of monkey are indigenous to Mexico and Central America. None in the US or Canada, however."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does chronic kidney failure present with albumin loss but a build-up of serum creatinine | [
"Well I‘m no expert but I think I can explain. The problem with creatinine is, that it‘s secernation into urine isn‘t really efficient, but when you have cdk you loose lot‘s of water, so you basically involuntarily shift the ratio towards creatinin. The opposite for albumin, it‘s really well soluble and also binds ... | [
"Creatinine is a metabolic byproduct that is produced in muscle tissue. Specifically it is used as an indicator of kidney function because the kidneys are the only organs that filter it out of the blood. It is formed in the body, usually at a fairly set rate and the kidneys will remove it at a set rate. Normally we... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the equation for Kinetic Energy 1/2mv^2 when the equation for Momentum is mv? | [
"They are completely different measurements that describe different physical properties. The momentum describes how much force wee need to apply and for how long we need to apply it in order to change the objects velocity a certain amount (F•t) . Just like forces, the momentum has a direction vector. The kinetic en... | [
"A single ball moving twice as fast would satisfy conservation of momentum but not conservation of energy. Each ball has mass 1kg, and the two balls pulled back and released have speed 1m/s when they hit the third and fourth balls. Kinetic energy of the system = 0.5mv^2 =0.5x2x1= 1 Total energy of system= 1 + GPE ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do people talk so weirdly to babies/toddlers? | [
"Not that I’ve thought about it much before now, but from my perspective with my 9 month old, adding “ies” and speaking in “baby talk” seems to be an attempt to make things seem more fun for our kids. When they’re having fun there’s less whining and yapping and that in turn makes for a more peaceful day for us. It ... | [
"* Dogs crying are usually quieter than babies. * Dogs problems are easier to solve than babies. * Dogs are cuter than babies. * Babies cry over the stupidest shit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How is it that electrocution can kill you, but it can also be used to revive you from death? | [
"Not a very reliable source, but from prior research it doesn’t kickstart your heart. Defibrillators only put your heart back into a standard rythem if it’s not beating properly. Essentially it doesn’t make your heart start again only become normal"
] | [
"The difference between a cure and a toxin is often just dosage size. Radiation damages cells, causing the kind of damage that can cause cells to turn cancerous... but that doesn't change the fact that radiation can also just straight up kill cells. It is sort of like how a knife can (in the hands of a surgeon) sav... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What is the concept behind the placebo and nocebo effect and how does a human struggle to differentiate between imagination and reality? | [
"The simple version: Our conscious perception of the world around us comes from both (a) the stimuli in the world and (b) our expectations. Overall, people grossly underestimate the size of the effect that our expectations have on our perceptions. The placebo and nocebo effect are both examples of our expectations ... | [
"There are some studies, [one cited in Wikipedia] (_URL_0_), that suggest that a placebo can still work even if the subject is aware that it's a placebo. This is ongoing research. Of course, placebos only work if the condition is amenable to a placebo in the first place. It's not magic e.g. it's only going to work ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why do cars take longer to start when in cold weather vs warm weather? | [
"Gasoline burns when it's a mixture of gasoline vapor and air. When it's cold it is harder to evaporate it"
] | [
"> Does the car purposely increase the idle speed to help warm up the engine Yes. It's called high idle and it is to help warm up the engine. Engines work better and last longer when they have had a chance to warm up before you give them a load (drive the vehicle). This is especially important when temperatures ar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does the centre console affect the transmission | [
"It doesn’t. The transmission sits in its own casing and even your friends fat dad coils air on it and not damage it. The central tunnel is just a bump in the floor allowing the transmission and drive shaft to fit inside so that the floor of the car can be lower. That too can take a pretty good amount of weight. In... | [
"I was lead to believe it is because this position gives easier access to the personnel assisting with the delivery"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does music invoke such an emotional reaction from us? (e.g. making us want to dance, cry or sing) | [
"I heard a story that Charles Darwin always believed that humans invented music (probably rhythm and humming) 10,000's of years before a spoken language developed to explain why music moves us more than the spoken word. He had no evidence to back his theory so he never published it."
] | [
"Mirror neurons? The same reason happy movies make us happy, and the same reason we are more likely to yawn when we see others yawn, or feel sad when we see others cry. We empathize with the characters in horror movies."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What causes time to fly by one day, and then go very slow the next? | [
"My only answer to this is the \"Time flies while you're having fun\" line. Take a time of 40 minutes and play your favorite sport or video game using that time. Then take the same time studying your least favorite subject or doing a boring chore. Usually the 40 minutes you spent doing something you enjoyed will go... | [
"\"Time is Relative\" can also mean that it also depends on how you look at a situation. If you're relaxed and not focused on the passage of time, or clock-watching, time seems to fly by. But if you're performing menial work or something that causes you to constantly check the time or count the seconds or minutes, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do 'double extend' tables work? | [
"Imagine two toothed rods on either side of a single gear. As one rod is pulled it forces the gear to turn which extends the other rod. Simple mechanisms like this are behind many common products."
] | [
"What two types are you talking about? There are many ways to classify solar panels."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
how do animals that are born with 2 heads live? Does each head have a consciousness of its own? | [
"If there are 2 heads then yes...each has it’s own brain. These animals don’t tend to live long for a variety of reasons. Also should note that most animals aren’t conscious like humans are. They operate on instinct and external stimuli, not thoughts or emotions."
] | [
"The top half. While one might be able to technically supply both halves with blood/oxygen/nutrients on some bizarre Frankenstein level, but if anything only the top half could sense any feeling since that's the half with the brain to process the sensations from the nerves. The bottom half has no way to process the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is re-entry into the earths atmosphere more dangerous than exiting and leaving the Earth's atmosphere? | [
"You're going faster on re-entry. Much much faster. In order to get into orbit, you have to go really really fast so the arc of your fall goes beyond the Earth's curve. When getting into orbit, the majority of this acceleration happens once you're outside the atmosphere. When re-entering the atmosphere, there is n... | [
"It takes less fuel to launch vertically, get higher in the atmosphere where the air is thinner (less resistance to work against), and curve gradually to increase orbital velocity. The goal is to get out of as much of the thick lower atmosphere as possible using as little fuel as they can"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Besides WiFi how does internet connect or use the same servers on opposite sides of the world, Are there like thousands of kilometers of internet lines that run through the ocean connecting different continents? | [
"Actually, yes, there are. Going back to the early days of the telephone/telegraph, undersea cables have been laid across the Atlantic and Pacific to carry data between continents. You can find more about them here: [_URL_0_](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"If you had a direct fiber optic to a guy across the world that is exactly how it would work. But in real life going from you to someone across the world is going through many many dozens of intermediate devices. Each slowing things down a little. It is no where near a direct straight fiber optic all the way from y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why is abdominal fat first to deposit and last to melt? What determines where the fat goes? | [
"I read somewhere that besides keeping your internal organs cozy, fat in the abdomen and buttocks/thighs is situated so that it least affects your moment of inertia, because it is as close as possible to your center of mass. This allows you to stay relatively nimble when compared to storing fat further away, say in... | [
"Lets break this down a bit because the main problem is duplicate names Fats in foods are lipids, fats on you are adipose tissue. Everything you eat gets broken down into its basic blocks which get used for energy(calories). If you're consuming more calories than you burn then your body will pack some away in adipo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do the doctors draw blood first then reinject it again into the patient in this video? | [
"This is called Platelet Rich Plasma injection. The blood contains little cells called platelets that help the body repair itself. What is happening here is the doctor is saying, “This part of the body needs more platelets so it can heal faster.” They take several blood samples from the patient and concentrate the ... | [
"clarifying question: Are you talking about injecting it into your muscle or into a vein?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
At what point do weapons become graded as nuclear? | [
"Most missiles release their destructive energy from explosives, which is chemically stored energy. Then there are some that rely mainly on the energy of impact, these are called kinetic weapons. Any weapon that releases its destructive force via nuclear fission would be called \"nuclear\" regardless of how much e... | [
"You can't use it in the production of nuclear or chemical weapons."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do eyes sting or burn when we're tired? | [
"When I'm tired, I start to forget to blink. I assume this is the reason for other people, too."
] | [
"Your nose running is a direct consequence of your watery eyes. The excess fluid on your eyes drains into your nose, causing it to run. Your eyes can water for a number of reasons, but it's probably because they're dry and/or irritated. Do you wear contacts?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Biology:"
} |
what made the modern Space Shuttle program so dangerous? | [
"The main reason the STS was scrapped wasn't actually risk, it was cost. The Space Shuttle was supposed to revolutionise the cost of space travel by being almost fully reusable, but in the end that didn't work out. The boosters splashed down, which meant due to salt water contact they needed to be so extensively re... | [
"Through space missions and experiments on earth prior to going to the moon. It's why there were space programs, like Gemini, before the Apollo moon missions."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Aerospace Engineering:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Aerospace Engineering:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What decides the value of a currency? | [
"It is just free market. Say there are 2 currencies only: the US Dollar and the Euro. If one of those countries, say the USA, exports more to Europe than the other way around, then Europeans have to pay for that surplus in Dollars. They have to buy these on the (free) currency market. But extra demand means a highe... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
When the CIA or Military release declassified documents they often redact names for the persons safety so why isn’t the same done to witnesses who take the stand during trial? | [
"Because the witness's identity is relevant to the evaluation of their testimony, and a trial is about finding facts definitively enough to assess guilt publicly. There's a constitutional right to confront witnesses against you at trial - cross-examine them and challenge their testimony. If their identities were ke... | [
"I don’t know how many drug dealers or criminals pop into a Tv studio, usually when talking to someone they’re not at the same location, or evidence against someone is circumstantial. Usually the people you see with their faces covered are victims or people who fear retaliation for what they’re saying Lastly, the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Law and Entertainment:"
} |
How do the federal banks of a country determine whether to increase or decrease interest rates? Like whats the relationship between interest rates and a country's economy? | [
"Low interest rates make loans easier and stimulate investment. High interest rates make loans more difficult and discourage investment. Central banks use interest rates as a tool to try to increase economic growth or decrease it. Usually what they do is they watch the economy and they lower interest rates when une... | [
"Economists generally agree that around 2% inflation is a rate that is desirable for an economy. Basically the reason this number is chosen is that it provides a balance between goals the government hopes to achieve . The 2% rate of inflation is chosen as: 1. at this amount , inflation is high enough to encourage c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why can cows and other animals constantly produce milk but humans cannot? | [
"All female mammals only produce milk after being pregnant. If you're thinking of dairy cows, they \"constantly\" produce milk because they are constantly being inseminated, going through pregnancy, giving birth, then having their babies taken away (and killed if male), and being artificially milked for human consu... | [
"That is what they are adapted to do. It is like asking how fish can swim all the time or how whales can hold their breath for so long. The stress of being used for what they do isn't something difficult for nipples to do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do plants not grow on hiking trails (the path)? | [
"The constant foot traffic compacts the soil and smashes any sprouting plants that might try to pop up, thus it is very difficult for plants to grow on the path. Furthermore, many trails are actively maintained, so in the event that a trail does start to become grown over, there are teams that will go through and c... | [
"Because in the now moist environment they can move above land to environments they could not previously reach easily (the other side of the concrete barrier)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does the moon always face the same direction even as it orbits the earth? | [
"The moon is tidally locked with the Earth. This is because the moon, in the past, rotated on its axis faster but was so close to Earth that the tidal forces caused the moon to stretch and squeeze as it spun. This heated the moon, causing its energy to radiate as infrared light into space, but it also slowed down t... | [
"> does the moon orbit the sun and the earth, or just the earth? Both. The moon orbits Earth but Earth orbits the sun which means the moon must also circle around the sun along with Earth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about Astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Astronomy:"
} |
Why is flushing the toilet bad for the environment? | [
"Each flush uses about 2.5 gallons or more which then goes back to a water treatment plant to be treated. Less flushing less retreating of the clean parts. Less waste. At least i think thats a good reason. I was with out a water pump for a year so flushed the old fashioned way hence the 2.5 gallon knowledge."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does impact onto water become increasingly deadly when hit from similarly extreme heights? | [
"When you stand still and wave your hand around you barely feel the air resistance, right? But if you stick your hand out the window when driving down the highway the air pushes on your hand fairly hard. So, rather than thinking of it as air pushing your hand, think of your hand having to push all that air out of t... | [
"There is another factor here besides air resistance: After falling 1 meter through a vacuum, both an ant and a person would hit the ground at the same speed and at the same time. Even though the drop appears larger relative to the body of the ant, the gravitational acceleration the ant experiences is not proportio... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that in some places sea water is crystal clear but elsewhere seeing through it is a harder task? | [
"Turbidity of the water, salinity of the water, mineral content of the water, microorganism content of the water, distance to the bottom, composition of the bottom, to name a few reasons"
] | [
"Depends what the water contains, it can be green if there is a strong presense of certain algae. However, if there are no waves, the water acts as a mirror. So if there is a blue sky, thats what you will see in the reflection"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- why can cancer come back several times in the same person after they've been in remission? | [
"In remission does not mean that the cancer has gone, it may've shrunk, or stopped progressing, or even apparently disappeared. But it's still there and has returned."
] | [
"There is no such thing as a \"cure for cancer.\" Cancer is an entire class of different diseases. Lung cancer is different from brain cancer which is different from stomach, throat, liver, colon, prostate, skin, etc. etc. etc. The prognoses and treatments differ from one to the other. These T cells, as far as I ca... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do stones thrown at sufficient speed and low angle bounce off the water surface a few times before sinking? | [
"When a stone hits the water it has to push water out of the way to make a splash, but the water pushes back. At a shallow enough angle the rock isn't able to push enough water out of the way and the water pushing back stops it's decent. Because the rock is has so mush forward momentum it jumps off the little bump ... | [
"It is, but if fired horizontal a bullet usually hits the ground before it slows down sufficiently, since it has velocity only in the horizontal direction and falls as normal. The easiest thing to do, mathematically, would be to fire upward, and have someone at high elevation catch it as it slows down to near zero ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do they know when an endangered animal has become extinct? Or accurately tell how many are left? How do they know for sure there aren't more somewhere? | [
"They don't, sometimes species thought to be extinct are discovered. But they judge based on not finding any for a long time. Although if the species is only found in a limited are or is large they can tell more easily."
] | [
"Scientists speculate we've only discovered about 15% of the species on earth. It's said if you look hard enough in any garden you'll likely find several species that have never before been discovered. Most of these unknown species are going to be small bugs or single celled organisms. It's unlikely we'll find new ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
The new iPhones and other flagship phones have 2 cameras to create a bokeh effect. Why do they need 2 cameras while real cameras can do the same effect with only one? | [
"Because the bokeh created by an iPhone is fake, it takes two pictures and combine them by software. Cameras in phones are too small to reproduce depth like a DSLR, so they emulate this effect by using two focal points, one for the focused target and another for the background."
] | [
"Well, that may not be true any more: DSLRs in recent years have better video than they used to, since manufacturers realised that buyers want that too. Ten years ago, video on a typical DSLR was either absent or a gimmick. Now you can get a solid DSLR with lens for under $500 (before rebates), such as the Nikon D3... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Biofeedback Coherence / HeartMath. I was given a device to "help" with my anxiety and depression and I am skeptical that it does anything meaningful. How does it work and How does it produce long-term results beyond simple breathing / meditation techniques? | [
"[It is garbage.](_URL_0_) The field of psychiatry is still emerging and there is a huge amount we don't know about how the brain works. However the use of meditation as a calming influence (practicing focus and being calm on demand) is mixed up with spiritual woo (access a higher level of consciousness and channel... | [
"There are incoming and outgoing nerves to your brain. The outgoing nerves provide \"orders\" and regulation, so hypothetically, you can affect an organ by disturbing the nerve. What he is saying sounds like unfounded claims though. As far as I know there is near zero evidence for mobilizations or adjustment as use... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the US police and district attorneys roles in charging someone with a crime? Who is responsible for all of the different parts of the process? | [
"In the criminal justice system, the people are represented by two separate yet equally important groups: the police who investigate crime, and the district attorneys who prosecute the offenders. These are their stories. DUN DUN!"
] | [
"State and Federal crimes are different systems. A State employed law officer (which includes city police) can only enforce State laws. Federal laws are enforced by Federal officers such as the FBI or Marshals service. If the State has chosen to not duplicate a Federal law (such as those that have legalized Marijua... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why bats come out only at night? | [
"Lots of animals are nocturnal, but bats do most of their eating at evening because their food is out at night (notice how mosquitos come out around dusk) and predators that might eat bats are sleeping. Their form of \"vision\" (echolocation) gives them an advantage at night as well, so...being nocturnal plays up t... | [
"Here are a few ways to tell the two apart: 1. When butterflies land on something, their wings will be up vertically; moth wings will be flat horizontally 2. Butterflies are usually active during the day, while moths are more active at night There are some exceptions to this rule, but for the most part it works"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How is it that we can sometimes zone out and seem to go on "autopilot" while driving without crashing? | [
"We're actually on autopilot most of the time. Our brains filter out so much information on a moment-by-moment basis, it's actually kind of unbelievable. You're now breathing manually. It takes fairly little energy to respond to visual stimuli, and our bodies are so used to the act of driving that it becomes an eff... | [
"Humans are easily distracted, we've all got a lot going on in our heads at any given moment and sometimes it's easy to get caught up in a deep thought while you're awake in daily life. Often called 'daydreaming', it can happen when you're bored or disinterested in your surroundings, when you're stressed, or a vari... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
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- What is with the seemingly arbitrary scoring in tennis? Why does it go 15,30,40, Advantage. Why isn’t it all in increments of 15? | [
"The unsatisfying answer is that we don't know. Tennis has been around for so long the explanations of the scoring system are pretty much lost to time. There are various speculations, but they are just that: guesses."
] | [
"People talk to each other, and decide they want to play. They pick teams any way that seems reasonable. Usually you count each basket as a single point and play first to 10. There isn't much more to it than that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does your eyesight deteriorate at different levels? How is it that you need higher grade lenses or have a higher level of astigmatism for one eye when you don't normally use it more than the other? | [
"Your issue here seems to be that you think nearsightedness/farsightedness naturally come from age. What happens often is that many people's eyes tend to grow either too long or too short, which leads to near/farsightedness. This is not deterioration per sé; it is more like deformity. Your body simply grows the wro... | [
"Yes, it's possible. If you go to your optometrist to check your newly prescribed contacts, they'll test to make sure you don't have better than 20/20 vision because it will mean you'll have a hard time reading things closer to your face."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that when filming an object going really fast, we don't have to move the camera at the same speed that the object is traveling at a distance? | [
"This is due to an effect called \"parallax\". Imagine you're looking out of a moving train window and you see mountains in the distance and trees close to the tracks. The trees are moving out of your vision faster than you can focus on them but the mountains are \"moving\" super slowly in your vision so you can e... | [
"How do you mean \"see it\"? Know that it passed? Know it was a bullet? Have a clear image of that bullet? If you fire a tracer round you can see it even though it moves significantly faster than the speed of sound because it is bright and leaves a strong image on your retina Seeing a bullet is hard because it is s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does chemical dependency work? | [
"You put drugs in your body which will affect the brain in some way and your brain always wants to go to homeostasis. For example I was addicted to Kratom. My brain got used to the kratom coming and attaching to the opioid receptors as an agonist (correct if wrong) so the brain doesn't release as many chemicals to ... | [
"More to the point: Why is dental work not considered to be medical work?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does being under a blanket feel so much ‘cosier’ than just wearing warmer clothes? | [
"Being wrapped up in a warm cover is comforting and brings back subconscious memories of when you were a baby and your parents swaddled and held you. It may go back even further and remind you of being in the womb, especially if you're curled up and wrapped up tight."
] | [
"Covering your body parts in cloth is necessary to keep them warm in cold weather, whether it's your head or your legs or your butt. It's a myth that we lose 75% of our body heat through our heads -- but it is true that your head would be cold without a hat. Just as your legs would be cold without pants. The colder... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
when one defecates so sharply, it wounds the anus, and causes it to bleed: how does the anus not get a severe infection from the feces? | [
"Is this a thing that happens? I've never had that happen. & #x200B; Please tell me this is not a thing."
] | [
"Think of it as cleaning dishes. When you don't get all the grime off it goes mouldy now picture your ass. Leaving poop on it promotes bacteria and when you wipe sometimes you may have wiped too hard and take a layer of skin off, this is when some irritations occur and you end up with your so called 'Chapped ass'"
... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
how eating charcoal / charcoal skin care is healthy | [
"I'm going to go out on a limb here, and say this is just another fad. _Activated_ charcoal (and I admit I don't know how it is activated) is known as a filter - Britta filters, for instance, are charcoal. It is also used medicinally to absorb toxins if you've eaten something poisonous; I might accept it absorbs so... | [
"It has a wide array essential proteins that are complete enough to get a bee out of and its also naturally anti microbial so it serves to nourish, protect and defend"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How are paintings proven real or fake? | [
"Basically, you hire experts who study art very carefully, and they examine the painting, the types of paints used, the patterns of the strokes, the age of the wood in the frame, what sort of canvas was used, and compare them to confirmed genuine paintings. Doing that can usually reveal when a painting is actually ... | [
"Art forgery is a crime just as much as music piracy its just much harder to do. You could print an image of the Mona Lisa sure but its not gonna pass for the real deal."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How the hell did so many natives die from unfamiliar eastern viruses, but conquistadors didn’t all die from unfamiliar western ones? | [
"Europe was MUCH more crowded and had much more of a transportation network set up. So there was massive amounts of commerce going into and out of every European port. Sailors carried all the diseases and therefore everyone pretty much had the same immunity all over Europe. In North America the Indians were kind... | [
"Well, it was a bacterial infection in a time of no antibiotics. Everyone got it and the people who survived were then immune. There was also a genetic selection for survivors over several centuries and in the end it didn't die completely out. The Yersinia plague still infects people today. Mostly, we don't share l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about History:",
"pos": "Represent the post about History:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why is that 10 coin tosses are not reliably 50% heads and 50% tails, but million coin tosses are? | [
"Bc sample size. The larger a collection of data, the more reliable it becomes. Anomalies like 6 heads in a row distorts data with 10 flips than over a period of 1 million."
] | [
"If you ask completely random people their opinion of a subject, it turns out that after asking 1000ish people, you are very likely to have a similar percentage of people you asked favoring/opposing something as in the general population. Think of it like flipping a rigged coin. After 10 flips, you might have an id... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- How does pushing air through an instrument make a note? And specifically for brass, why does buzzing work but not regular air flow? | [
"to make a sound you need vibrations for example, when you talk, it is your vocal cords that are vibrating. For a woodwind instrument, like clarinets and saxophones, it is easy to see that a reed is vibrating when you blow through it, making the sound. For brass, you have to vibrate your lips to have that sound tra... | [
"There is some friction between your lips and the air that passes through them. This friction can cause your lips/cheeks to vibrate kinda like a violin bow on a string. You can change the note by changing the volume of your mouth, like shortening a string by placing your finger on it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
What's the point in giving someone more than one life sentence when they're going to jail? | [
"Because if for example, evidence came out that exonerated him on one or several of the crimes he was convicted of and those sentences were wiped away, he'd still have life in prison."
] | [
"It's a crime to do that, and you are likely to be caught and convicted. People don't do it frequently because going to prison is no fun."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Is Sqrt Sin x = y creat cycloids? If so why does this equation create cycloids? | [
"It doesn’t. The actual equation for a cycloid is a lot more complicated in rectangular coordinated (y and x). For one, there is no closed form expression for y in terms of x. The best you can do is solve for x in terms of y: x = arccos(1-y)-sqrt(y(2-y)). The reason for this is because we derive the equation of a ... | [
"Because you don't want a circle, you want to know it's respective cos or sin value of a point on the circle. So when you travel around the circle and map out the sinus values, you get the sinus wave. See this animation to show you how every point on a circle mapped out creates the sinus wave. _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do some countries use second-level domain country codes (._URL_1_ or ._URL_0_) and others do not? | [
"Real answer? Be because each country can decided to use and divide their top level domain code however they want. Originally, there were only 7 top level domain suffixes - .com, .edu, .org, .net, .gov, .mil, and .int After the forecasted success and exponential growth of the internet, the TLDs were expanded to in... | [
"You can. The http:// is always there whether it's displayed or not, because it needs to identify the protocol, but buying a domain like _URL_2_ gives you the ability to add any subdomain you want. www is just the default for most world wide web servers, but there's no reason you can't configure it to be little._UR... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do fish swallow other fish whole and not get cut up from the inside by their sharp fins? | [
"Evolution over millions of years (hundreds of millions in the case of fish - sharks have been on the planet longer than trees). If fish that ate other fish had their stomachs lacerated and died, then they did not move on to breed and birth the next generation. Fish that had stomachs that could hold up to daily eat... | [
"The first thing that would kill someone who is swallowed alive is probably lack of oxygen. Assuming you're a scuba diver being swallowed by a whale, if you can avoid being forced into the whale's digestive track and stay in the mouth, you can live as long as your oxygen holds out and you aren't crushed by the mout... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it cheaper to produce white flour products over whole grain? | [
"It costs less to process the flour than it does to store/transport unprocessed flour. The germ & bran (the parts they get rid of) have oils that speed up the spoiling process"
] | [
"Multi-grain means that several sorts of grain are used. The opposite is something that would only use one kind of grain. Whole grain means that it uses the grain with its \"skin\" (the bran). The opposite is refined grain, which removes the \"skin\", like for the flour that's used to make white bread. So a product... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do fans of eastern media (kpop, anime, etc) use dysphemistic labels (Stans, Otaku, etc) to identify themselves? | [
"Not sure about stans, since I've never seen anyone call themselves that. With Otaku, most western people have probably only had exposure to that word through the anime they watch. The anime I've seen don't really make it seem like a terrible thing to be called. It seems more like a word used to tease people, rathe... | [
"As a matter of fact, japan as a whole does not like the subculture you're talking about. You're talking mostly about \"Otaku\" and as someone said in another thread about this: \"It's the same with America. Otaku are nerds/geeks, and not the ironic kind either. They're considered the neckbeards of Japan, and some ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about history:"
} |
How does my smart tv automatically know what device is running into the HDMI port? | [
"HDMI is capable of sending a lot more information than just the images. There are separate control channels that can exchange other kinds of data too. If the devices on both ends are \"smart\" enough, they can identify themselves to each other (as yours apparently did)."
] | [
"In this case, when you cast to your chrome cast, through an app such as say Twitch or Youtube, all your phone does is act as a remote. The chromecast does all the work and pulls the data directly from your source. Your phone is no longer involved, again its just like a TV remote in this sense. You can change the c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it easy to cross your eyes, but impossible to point your eyes in opposite directions? | [
"Crossing your eyes has a purpose. When you look at something very close, you must cross your eyes to see it with both eyes. We didn’t evolve with a purpose for having our eyes diverge, therefore the coordination is not there. But it would be pretty cool if we could not only do it, but make use of it for peripheral... | [
"Mirrors don't reverse left/right, they reverse front/back. Point up and your image points up. Point down and your image points down. Point left or right and your image points in the same direction. If you point at your image, then your image points in the opposite direction."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Battery capacities and charging capabilities | [
"The macbook's battery is almost certainly a few cells in series to create a higher pack voltage, such as 11.1volts. 11.1V 8500mah is close to 27000mah at 3.7v, assuming nearly perfect conversion/charging efficiency (a really unrealistic assumption, but who cares)"
] | [
"Electronics use lithium ion batteries which output the same voltage and amperage until dead. Other things like kids toys and non “smart” electronics use cheaper battery alternatives that lose voltage and Amperage as the batteries drain"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Technology:"
} |
How to doctors keep your heart beating during bypass surgery? | [
"They don't, they use a machine to circulate your blood while your heart is being operated on."
] | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why/how are humans able to „feel“ that something is off or about to happen? How do these instincts work? | [
"It's called thin slicing! Your brain is constantly subconsciously taking in data from all around you. It takes that data and compares it to past experiences in order to decide what to do. When you get that feeling that something's off, it's because there's some cue your brain is picking up on that you might not be... | [
"This is not an answer, but maybe a different way to ask the question: A smell is an experience that can be recorded by our brains. No different than the experience of looking at an image, or the sensation of feeling something with your fingers. So maybe a better question is, how do we remember things in general? H... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that whenever juice solidifies into ice and melts back into juice the "fruity flavor" becomes more watery? | [
"I know this one! When juice melts, it doesn’t all melt at once. In general the sugary compounds melt first, and the water melts later. If you froze and then thawed juice all at once and didn’t drink any, it would probably taste the same. But if you can’t leave it alone while it’s thawing (like I can’t), then you’l... | [
"Staleness, in a food item, involves the food in question equalizing its moisture content with the air around it -- dry foods feel damp and spongy, while wetter foods dry out and become crusty. So if you were to apply the same principle with a drink, it would simply evaporate. But if you define staleness as loosing... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does mold have a fuzzy appearance? | [
"Moulds are made up of tiny hairlike structures called [*hyphae*](_URL_1_). (That's actually the definition of a mould: a fungus that grows in that pattern, as opposed to something that forms single-celled units like yeasts.) In a lot of moulds, these grow upwards and outwards, which give it the appearance of being... | [
"/u/thisismydecember explained it this way: If your cup only had bacteria and no broth, most bacteria would look like slime with a yellowish tinge to it. Some are slightly more granular than others. There's a few types that would be a little red, pink, or a little green, others a stark white. There's a couple of ty... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does a baseball rotate faster closer to the catcher than it does when it leaves the pitcher’s hand? | [
"It doesn't. What I think you are asking is why does something like a curve ball seem to be curving more by the time it reaches the plate. That's because it is. As the ball flies from the mound to the plate it's forward speed is roughly constant ( there are slight leases to drag) but the spin on the pall is causing... | [
"Lefties wear their gloves on their right hand. When you're standing on first base facing home plate, your right hand is on the second base side, and your left hand is near the foul line. If you're a lefty, that means any throw coming from the field is slightly quicker - because they don't have to throw quite as fa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What makes processed meet harmful, except for the artificially added preservative chemicals? They are basically ground meet, herbs, spices, wrapped, that are slowly cooked. | [
"Nitrates are one thing, to my knowledge. These chemicals are added during the curing process. They can break down in the body to form carcinogens (cancer causing chemicals). They are used to preserve the meat by slowing down bacteria growth."
] | [
"Its chunks of meat and spices and a few other good things, mixed together then sometimes fermented for a bit, then shoved into somekind of sleeve, then hung up to dry out. By drying it out and removing moisture it prevents the bad bacteria from growing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Generally speaking, how do architects and engineers design multi story buildings knowing that they will withstand the weight burden? | [
"I’ve heard it this way, you build it from the top down. Let’s say the top floor is 100 tons so the next floor down has to support that weight and is 120 tons itself. Now the floor below that has to support 220 tons, etc. Part of the weight of each floor is all the stuff that goes in it; furniture, people, etc and... | [
"It would be especially devastating because New York is a low risk location for earth quakes in the first place. [Check out this map](_URL_0_). When you prepare a city for emergency responses you have to prepare for least likely to most likely and I would assume that while New York is prepared for many things, eart... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
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Why can't advertisers just buy space on a website from the host, and effectively avoid ad-blocker that way? | [
"For large websites, to display all of the advertisers that request this would require constant updating. Also, when advertisers use Google’s ad service, they advertise on multiple websites. They would have to pay one website to display their ad instead of paying to display their ad on multiple, which will result i... | [
"TL;DR: No. The internet is a pull medium, not a push medium. By using adblock, we are simply refusing to accept the ads or -with certain other adblockers - replacing those ads with something we would rather the ad revenue go to. If it were illegal to refuse to accept ads, think of the implications that could put o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is it the standard/manual/stick shift car more reliable and gas efficient than automatic transmission cars? | [
"Not entirely true for modern vehicles, but I personally feel you feel more connected with the road and driving in general with standard. Back in da day you could easily get better gas mileage with standard just due to more gears and changing gears early. But nowadays any auto can match or beat standard in fuel eco... | [
"I believe Honda has manual hybrid(s), or at least they did. Hybrids are excellent commuter cars, and manual transmission is terrible for city driving. Also, people driving hybrid usually want a luxury feel, as they are spending a ton of money (I think you need to keep your hybrid for ~12 years to break even on gas... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
how do transmissions work in the big rig trucks? | [
"same as a car just a lot more shifting. Difference is gearing layout if is a 4 over 4 or 8 high range 8 low range for 16... some manufacturers have different gearboxes"
] | [
"Why can you understand ozzy when he sings but not when he talks? How exactly is a rainbow made? How exactly does a sun set? How exactly does a posi-trac rear-end on a Plymouth work? It just does."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do antidepressants dampen emotions? | [
"Medicine for mental health has some variables to it. The first two weeks or so are often hellish as your body works to readjust, so anything within the first two weeks - month isn't a good indicator of the medicines true effects. Similarly, not everyone responds to medicines the same. Some people respond better to... | [
"To put it simply, they are self medicating. Nicotine can have effects similar to some drugs prescribed for psychiatric disorders."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How did the universe get to be so big? | [
"Nothing can move *through* space faster than the speed of light, but the space *between* sufficiently distant objects can increase rapidly enough that light emitted from them *right now* will never be able to traverse the distance, and the farther apart they are the more rapidly the space will grow. The overall ra... | [
"Small nitpick: the Big Bang isn't the moment of creation. It described what happened a fraction of a fraction of a second after the universe came into existence. Anyway, when the universe was born, so was time. Time is part of the universe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are billions of pennies made if they cost 1.5 cents to make? | [
"All those answers about the zinc lobbies and such are missing the point entirely: **Creating physical currency isn't done for profit.** The cost to produce a penny and the monetary value of that penny are entirely unrelated concepts, as the US government isn't making physical currency in order to come out positive... | [
"They may be smaller, but they got it where it counts: material. The dime is made of copper and a bit of nickel, but it used to be silver, which was much more valuable than the penny, which is currently mostly zinc, but used to be copper. Obviously silver was worth more than copper. Currently, however, pennies cost... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Despite knowing the effects of using coal and burning oil to generate electricity, why do countries still use them? | [
"Because there isn’t enough power being generated by clean sources to cover all areas of the country. To suggest to simply upgrade to a clean source is very expensive."
] | [
"To combat global warming we would have to change where we get our energy from and how we use it. For example, coal is one of the dirtiest fuels we use. To combat global warming we should really stop using it. There are a lot of people who make their living from the coal industry and they have a political interest ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do certain songs sound louder than others even when they’re played at the same volume? | [
"One thing to blame is the [Loudness War](_URL_0_), where producers mastered their albums to be louder on the radio than other songs."
] | [
"they don't, really, other than that the decibels increase as you increase the volume. there is no set relationship between the volume number on the TV volume control and the actual decibels produced. In fact, it varies quite a bit. One TV's 5 setting might be just as loud as another TV's 10 setting, for instance"
... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does it hurt so badly to tweeze hairs that grow on the upper lip directly below the nose? | [
"The upper lip contains *a lot* of nerves in it. In fact, the lips are more sensitive than the fingertips! That’s why it hurts so much."
] | [
"Follow up question, why do I have like three times as many hairs around my left nipple than my right one?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the difference between GDP (nominal) and GDP (PPP) and when do you use each of them? | [
"GDP is the total productive output while the PPP compares how many goods and services that particular amount of currency can purchase. & #x200B; PPP basically is like a cost of living index. where you might have high or low GDP but the amount of goods and services you can purchase is more or less compared to anot... | [
"USA is the still the strongest economy in the world when you take nominal GDP into consideration. Basically, the USA produces the most stuff for the highest value each year. Obviously, if you use a different axis, you will get different results. For instance, Qatar has the strongest GDP/capita (when adjusted for P... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do older video games (think SNES/Sega/Etc games) played on new systems still lag in all the same places despite there being more than enough processing power to eliminate the lag? | [
"They are emulated(emulation is a complex topic beyond ELI5, I suggest you research it if interested) to produce the original system's specs. Thus, they will have the same performance. This can be mitigated on PC, but most emulators retain this to retain the effect of the originals."
] | [
"It can, depending on the PC. The problem is not in regards to OS, etc. It is almost entirely due to weaknesses in optimization. Due to the fact that every PS3 or 360 has identical hardware they optimize the game *purely* for that set of hardware. PC hardware for a gaming PC created today would be approximately 5-6... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How do we know what dinosaurs sounded like? | [
"We don't, but is Jurassic Park a better film with a T-Rex that roars, or one that clucks like a chicken or coos like a pigeon?"
] | [
"Because it's the closest we can get to smell a dinosaur. Imagine how good they smelled millions of years ago when they were alive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is Mercury in "retrograde" and why do people care? | [
"It’s like, we’re going around the sun. So is mercury. But at some point we start comin back around the sun on our path. Mercury is still going in the same direction it’s always been going in, but it *appears* to be moving backwards now. Like. Every night you see it move further across the sky. Then you notice it’... | [
"Unless you believe in astrology and stuff like that, none whatsoever. It has zero basis in scientific fact and can't affect anything on an individual level. Don't believe everything you read on the internet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does my phone\any electrical device know the charge level on the battery. | [
"The phone can detect how much voltage it's power cells are putting out... as you use up the charge voltage will drop gradually. It can show you a good guess (percentage) on how much juice you have left by comparing what it's seeing from the battery vs the limits that have been set by the manufacturer. There's a m... | [
"I believe its because most laptops can run on the power supply with no battery, while the iPod runs strictly from battery."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Technology:"
} |
Difference between being anxious and being nervous? | [
"In my layperson’s opinion, anxiousness pervades beyond the immediate circumstances whereas nervousness does not. If you’re worried about something that’s about to happen in 5 minutes, you’re nervous; if you’re worried about something that probably won’t happen for days if at all, you’re anxious."
] | [
"The same reason why people with anxiety are anxious even though they know there is nothing to be anxious about. We're not always in control."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the difference between an AWD, 4WD, FWD, and RWD? | [
"If I remember correctly, AWD is when the vehicle is driven by all wheels and cannot be altered, 4WD is a feature commonly found in trucks or off road vehicles and is driven by all wheels but can be switched from 4WD to RWD or FWD. RWD and FWD is when the vehicle is driven by the rear or front tires respectively."
... | [
"2WD stands for Two-Wheel Drive, either Front or Rear, depending on your car. Most likely, FWD. In Two-Wheel Drive mode, the power of your engine will be sent to a single axle, and split among both wheels on that axle. This is the most common way you'll use your car. The unpowered wheels will roll passively, like t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how come that aerobic exercise's cardio vascular stress is healty while drugs' (eg. Nicotice) cardio vascular stress is unhealty? | [
"Most drugs that cause cardiovascular stress are vasoconstrictors. Simply put, this means they tighten your blood vessels causing your heart to work harder to deliver a normal amount of blood. Your body sees your heart working harder and secretes hormones to help (which causes part of the \"high\" associated with t... | [
"MD here. In general anxiety has lots of causes(genetic factors, substance abuse, injuty etc.) but all of them lead to neurotransmitters inbalance(norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine). To treat this imbalance we use mainly antidepressants(they inhibit destroy of neurotransmitters therefore bringing back the balanc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If I disconnect my desktop from the internet and power source for a couple of weeks, reconnect the power and start it up, how does it keep the correct time and date? | [
"The motherboard has an onboard battery (usually something like a CR2032 button battery) that it uses to keep a small bit of storage running. That storage contains your BIOS settings (boot order preference, BIOS password, etc) and a system clock. The system clock has a tiny circuit attached that allows it to store ... | [
"Depends what you mean. If you press the button and let the system go through its shutdown process everything should be fine. If you hold it for a few seconds and force the system to just shut down in the middle of what its doing you risk data corruption."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Technology:"
} |
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