query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why does our internal temperate fluctuate when we have an illness? | [
"Bacteria and viruses can sometimes be susceptible to temperature. Your body does this to help fight infections. Definitely not the last line of defense, more like a passive assistance to the fight. Think of fighting the school bully, but this time, you have a few friends standing by shooting him with slingshots. B... | [
"It's not heart rate, per se, that matters. It's the other physiological changes that accompany chronic exercise and stress that are beneficial and harmful, respectively. It's like saying why do I feel great when my body temperature is up after a warm bath, but terrible when my body temp is up during a fever. Other... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
When stuck in vehicles, do flies need to fly at the speed of the vehicle when travelling? If not, why? | [
"Would a fish in a fishbowl have to swim to keep up with the car? No, because he’s contained within the water, which is moving at the same speed as the car. Flies are inside the space (in their case, air) that is contained within the car. Think of the interior of the car as one big fish bowl, filled with air instea... | [
"Because you have the same forward momentum, as does all the air in the enclosed space you are in. Even if you were outside holding on to the plane and then let go and jumped you would still not stay \"in the same spot in the air\". You would still have forward momentum, except the plane would rush ahead of you as ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does Newton's third law of motion apply to an object (like a bullet) travelling into another object (like a concrete wall), breaking through it, and continuing to travel? | [
"Even though the bullet keeps going, it still took the force of the interaction, the force was just not enough stop the bullet. The bullet does lose velocity, and takes on some deformation, just too little for us to see with the naked eye"
] | [
"The ball has the same forward momentum as you. And since it is dropped inside the car (I.e. not exposed to wind resistance slowing it's forward momentum) it falls straight down. If you dropped it out of the window it also would still have the same forward momentum, but it now has the friction of the air slowing it... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is it that when we’re exhausted suddenly everything becomes so much more funny? Does this have to do with a possible correlation between lack of sleep and brain function? | [
"One of the common themes of comedy is things not meeting our expectations. When we're very fatigued, our mind doesn't have the ability to predict things quite as well - so we're more likely to find something doesn't match our expectations, and thus amusement."
] | [
"There is a complex, scientific way to explain it, but I'll just go the simple route. Essentially, your heightened sense of awareness makes you take in more information than you normally would, hence creating the illusion that time is actually slowing down."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do humans start feeling hot and sweaty when nervous? | [
"It’s the part of your nervous system that protects you when you’re in danger. Your body is designed to run away from tigers and such, not take tests or speak in public. Having your heart rate go up and moving your blood to different parts of the body is useful when fighting a wild animal but not as useful when you... | [
"The butterflies sensation is caused by a lack of blood flow to your stomach. It is a result of adrenaline being released because you are nervous. Different people have different nervous reactions. I dont get butterflies, but my legs get shaky. Some people get sweaty palms. Everyone is a bit different in their resp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is human engineering and how has it influenced common products we encounter today? | [
"Human engineering, which Don Normal originally called \"The Psychology/Design of Everyday Things\", influences many modern design choices. The classic example is the Norman Door Bar. When you approach a glass door, should you pull the handle bar or push it? If you write a sign, then you have to presume everybody r... | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
SERIOUS: Why is it that the penis doesn't bruise with vigorous motion/sucking when it has such thin skin and a large number of small blood vessels that are filled to the max? | [
"Can’t believe I decided to answer this but these movements are moving the skin of the shaft. It’s flexible but it does have a cap on how much you can “stretch” it. It’s fairly easy to tear the skin of a shaft. It has tons of maxed out blood vessels but that’s in the actual muscle of the penis itself. You can defin... | [
"Long story short, the are a TON of blood vessels/ capillaries in the nose that can be easily broken. Along with the rest of the head. Any break in skin in/on your head will bleed profusely because of the sheer magnitude of blood vessels in the head. Also, the vessels are close to the surface in the nose, vs the ea... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do more razor blades = a closer shave and more razor burn? | [
"Each item on a razor blade pulls the skin tighter and tighter as it passes over the skin. A 5 blade razor will pull from the back of the head, and then each blade which will slice closer and closer to the stretched skin. Since your skin isn’t perfectly smooth you end up ‘shaving’ a little bit of your skin off whic... | [
"It softens up your hair making it easier to shave and moisturizes your skin which should minimize razor burn."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Beauty and grooming:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Beauty and grooming:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how chemicals like dopamine and melatonin are synthesized and proven to be exactly the same as those produced naturally | [
"In short, chemistry! For a longer answer... There are a lot of standard chemical 'building blocks' and standard methods for attaching them. That's pretty much the nature of chemistry. You can see [three different lab syntheses of melatonin here](_URL_0_). So how do you know that what you've made is actually melato... | [
"It is basically a blocker of certain chemicals in the body which directly mediate pain, inflammation, and fever. By blocking these chemicals you therefore block the pain and inflammation. The minute details honestly aren't super interesting unless you like learning about cellular communication."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When you’re drunk, how come when you speak it sounds like you’re speaking normal but to everyone else, you’re slurring your words? | [
"Your own perception of your outputted creations is not how others perceive it. The human nervous system handles other people's speech and your own in completely different ways. As such, alcohol can attack/disrupt sections of the human body which are responsible for synthesis of speech while either sparing or als... | [
"If you can hold your liquor, you can get quite drunk without it showing too much. If you are getting sick, acting like a dumbass, falling down, etc you do not hold your liquor well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does adrenaline keep people from feeling pain after a serious injury? | [
"Because adrenalin is a fight or flight hormone. Say person A is involved in a crazy fight with a rabid animal, that instance their focus will be either on escaping or standing and fighting that animal. If by any chance A gets wounded, their focus still won't be on that wound/pain because what's needed that minute ... | [
"Sometimes it is the body going into shock. Sometimes it is due to a massive drop in blood pressure due to a severed artery in the trunk. Sometimes it is due to the spine being hit and the connection to the legs is lost. Sometimes it is due to PAIN! Sometimes it is due to the force of the projectile(s). Sometimes i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does a tree make a huge lot of fruits one year and almost none the next one? | [
"Biannual bearing. It makes a lot of fruit one year. Has no energy the next year. Repeat. How to solve. Pruning. On the year when a lot of fruit will be. Cut off some flower in spring. To make the tree use less energy on fruit. Smooth out the wave if you think like that. Is not good for the tree because after us... | [
"You can usually tell that a tree is dying if many of the branches don't have any leaves for one summer season. The tree is dead, if it doesn't have any leaves for a full summer season. Another sign that it's dead would be when the bark comes off of the tree trunk."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why could I eat the hottest most spiciest foods without any consequence 5 years ago, but now I will have the worst stomach pain off even a weak hot sauce? | [
"Because you are getting older. Thats how it starts. Next going out clubbing will take days to recover from. Bending over will hurt. Walking up stairs will be exhausting. In the end stages masturbation will be too much work. Ahhh....Golden Years."
] | [
"I'm not a doctor but indigestion is abdominal pain, heartburn, and difficultly in digesting food. Can be caused by disease ulcers, gastrointestinal issues, you could be allergic to something you are consuming. I get heart burn from constantly consuming a high carbohydrate diet, but once I cut them out my symptoms ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is so much food packaged in plastic? I understand it's probably cheaper than using wood or metal or other forms of packaging but it's just so wasteful. I think people would prefer more "premium" packaging materials as well. | [
"It's important to remember the flipside to 'premium packaging'- it almost always weighs more than plastic. Consider a steak. On a styrofoam tray, wrapped in plastic. How would it be shipped? Paper, probably, but that has hefty environmental concerns as well, not to mention health issues. No one will buy raw chicke... | [
"It goes to a landfill where it gets compacted and buried. Eventually when the landfill is full it gets capped with dirt and rock and just left. There are a lot of ways to manage trash that result in less harm to the environment and less overall waste. They are all more expensive than landfilling though. The bigges... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do people get motion sickness and what does medicines like Dramamine do to combat the motion sickness? | [
"It's thought to be a disconnect between the visual motion you see and what your inner ear feels. Dramamine is a combination of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and caffeine to combat some of the drowsiness diphenhydramine causes. It acts as an anti-cholinergic, which slows down signaling of some nerves in the brain, inc... | [
"Because as the fluid in your inner ears is still moving, it keeps sending the signals to your brain that suggest you are in motion. The spinning sensation is caused by the conflict between what your eyes see and what your vestibular system is telling you. This causes motion sickness too. Also, don't try closing yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Physics:"
} |
Why does your body feel itchy when warming up after staying in cold weather or water for to long? | [
"When you get cold, your blood flows away from your extremities and into your internal organs. When you begin to warm up, blood flows back 'out' and a lot of the capillaries in your skin quickly fill up. This is felt by the touch receptors in the skin causing you to feel the itch."
] | [
"Your body temperature drops while sleeping, your entire body when you wake up is at rest, so even if the temperature is the same as the time you went to bed it feels colder."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How can a lawyer defend someone who is just not defendable? | [
"The point of a lawyer is to make sure his defendant receives a fair trial. Not to make him walks free, for example if the accuse is of intentional murder etc."
] | [
"> Why do lawyers defend obvious murderers and criminals? Because you cannot have a fair legal system that is based on \"obvious\" guilt. Guilt must be *demonstrated* via *evidence*, not assumed via something as subjective as \"it's obvious\". > Why might a lawyer defend someone where the case is totally against t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How does the tax evasion loophole work? | [
"A loophole = > tax avoidance Tax evasion == a crime, you go to jail. These are completely different. The Congress adds loopholes on purpose, to encourage people to do things that Congress wants done but don't have the money for, like building businesses or funding charities. Rich people follow the law and take adv... | [
"The taxes are higher in the US. Tax inversion is a way to pay lower taxes. There is no correct answer to your side question."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What's the difference between a TV producer and a director? | [
"The producer hires the director, the writers, oversees casting, etc. Basically they hire the people who actually make the show, and sometimes give a lot of input into the process. The director is responsible for overseeing creation of the individual episodes: overseeing the script, directing cameras, coaching the ... | [
"How much demand is there for a poet or painter, compared to a lawyer or doctor?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What function does “good bacteria” have in our bodies? | [
"So “good bacteria” mostly in our stomachs and intestines help us digest food granted there can be good bacteria elsewhere (There’s one I simply can’t remember the name of that has become so ingrained into us that every single one of our cells have it by default) which if I recall correctly also deals with helping ... | [
"Getting an infection is actually the point, although it isn't a bad infection. We have bacteria in our gut, E. Coli is one I'm not certain if there are more, that are essential for digestion. If your bacteria die out or are altered too extremely, then a fecal transplant takes the good bacteria from someone else's ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
why is it when a screens loading does the loading bar stop and start at certain times? I.e. a lot of times it will take a second at the beginning and then load the rest really fast. | [
"Because that bar isnt actually a representation of how far along the process is, it is more an indication of what point you are in the process. Specifically to installers/loadscreens: Progress bars are better now than they were, but essentially there are markers that tell the progress bar where to be at a certain ... | [
"It's fake, trust me. When I would try too watch a video, sometimes it suddenly buffers completely, but when it gets to the suddenly buffered part, it would just stop. Just a glitch."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
whats the difference between homicide, murder, and manslaughter? | [
"Homicide is killing another person. Both murder and manslaughter are forms of homicide. The differnce between the two is intent. If you acted with intent to kill, it's murder. If the death was accidental or incidental, it's manslaughter,"
] | [
"Homicide is a generic term that is used when one person causes the death of another person, I.e all murders are homicide, but not all homicides are murder."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
what is the simplest definition of a DNA, genome, and a gene. | [
"DNA: A chain like molecule made of four different kinds of molecules (Nucleotides). The sequence of these different nucleotides works like a code. Gene: A section of the DNA that can be \"transcribed\" into an RNA. A gene starts with something called a promotor. That is a specific sequence of nucleotides that enz... | [
"Genotyping is the process of determining differences in the genetic make-up (genotype) of an individual by examining the individual's DNA sequence using biological assays and comparing it to another individual's sequence or a reference sequence Gene expression is the series of steps used to take information from a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
When ice melts in a glass of water the overall level of water in the glass goes down because ice has a higher volume. Would this be true for the oceans then if the ice caps melt and if not why? | [
"the water level does NOT go down. the amount of ice that stays above the water level is the difference in density between ice and water. Ice caps melting are a problem because of the ice that *isnt* floating. The ice that sits on land isnt in the water so its not contributing to the water level. If that ice melts ... | [
"Density. You know how things float on water, same principle here. Density is a statistic which is defined as mass per unit of volume or mass/volume. If one fluid is less dense than another, the less dense one will float on top, and the denser one will sink to the bottom. While clouds to have a lot of mass, they al... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Meteorology:"
} |
Can a smart watch charge from everyday movement? | [
"For \"dumb\" watches we have had automatic movements which wind themselves with a free spinning pendulum inside the watch. The problem with converting that into smart watch tech is efficiency. There are a few companies trying to solve this right now. Sequent is one of them. Check out their kickstarter. _URL_0_"
] | [
"There is a magnetic loop on the back of the phone (the same it uses for wireless charging if I'm not mistaken). This can be charged by the phone to transmit the same magnetic pulse that the reader would get from the strip on the back of the card."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do shows like AGT acquire the rights for all the songs performed on the show? Do acts need to get the rights before hand, does the show have a list of songs that can be performed, or does the show seek out the rights for each performer? | [
"You don't need to ask permission first to do a cover of a song. You get an automatic license and pay a fee. AGT may per clear the songs to make life easier but its not strictly legally required."
] | [
"This sort of thing should really be covered by a contract between the band and the station, or perhaps between the band's publisher and the station. The station owns the recording, but doesn't necessarily have any permission to use it since it's a derivative work of the song."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do snails get their shells? | [
"They grow them, in the same way that we human grow fingernails and hair. The material of the shell is excreted over time; it just so happens that the way it's excreted in a snail causes the shell to grow in a spiral pattern. BTW, the tip of the snail's shell is actually the snail's baby-sized shell. It's just kep... | [
"Snails keep some of their internal organs in their shells, it's not like a hermit crab. That's probably the biggest difference, all of a slug's organs are inside of its body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are game engines capable of exporting a game for every platform under the sun(iOS, Android, Win, Linux, PC, Mac, XBox), but app developers have to use different languages/frameworks for each? | [
"The short answer is that game engines *are* the React Native of game development. You can choose to build your own in C++ with platform-specific GUI tools, and that's equivalent to using mobile-specific languages/etc"
] | [
"Xbox 360 games use PowerPC architecture. PS3 games use **EDIT: PowerPC**(thanks to /u/dudewiththebling) architecture. Most computers use X86 architecture. It's hard to emulate based on how another computer(this case an Xbox 360 or a PS3) without the computer understanding how it's architecture works. Hell, Micros... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Technology:"
} |
Why is it that when we're tired from exercise we feel the need to bend down? | [
"because the diaphragm contracts more easily when horizontal, because gravity affects it when you're vertical (upright) which allows for easier, deeper breaths"
] | [
"Not an answer to your question at all, but this has to be the most counterproductive thing the human body does. When I'm hungry enough to feel sick to my stomach moving to get food is the last thing I want to do, which makes things worse."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Municipal Fiber Internet. Is it funded by the government or is funded by taxes? Or do you just pay for it like you would for any other service (i.e. Comcast, Xfinity, etc...)? How does a town go about getting it (that is if they are in a state that doesn't ban it)? | [
"As the name suggests Municipal Fiber Internet is provided by the municipality (local government). The organization and funding of this is up to the municipality as is the same for any municipal utility like water, sewage and roads. It is not uncommon for the local taxes to pay for some of it however most strive fo... | [
"They aren't competing for individual customers, they are competing over towns. Setting up the infrastructure is expensive, so in order to at least break even they need to guarantee they'll get enough business for long enough to recoup the expensive setup costs. To make it happen, they get a contract from the town ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is the sport of cricket played? | [
"No one knows....british people just mess around until they begin to sweat, then take a tea break, then do it again..."
] | [
"In India the most popular sport is cricket, and they are the current Cricket World Cup holders"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does soda such as Sprite help make you feel better when you are sick. | [
"If by \"sick\" you mean nauseous/vomiting, the reason may be that fizzy drinks tend to be very high in sugar. This sugar is very easily absorbed by the body, and because it's in a liquid form it moves quickly through your stomach so you're less likely to throw it up (or more likely to get some nutrients from it be... | [
"Coffee does nothing except keep you alert for a bit and in one place while you drink it. It actually will make your hang over worse, because caffeine is a dieretic as well as alcohol. Fun fact: if you feel as if you're going to vomit after a night of drinking, or feel full, you can drink a cup of water without ge... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What speaks against bees being conscious? If they aren't conscious, how is their behaviour explainable with instincts only? | [
"> What speaks against bees being conscious? I don't know, \"conscious\" is generally taken to mean something which is aware and responding to one's surroundings. Bees definitely fit this description. > If they aren't conscious, how is their behaviour explainable with instincts only? That isn't quite the same idea... | [
"This might be a philosophical question but doesn't self-awareness infer that the animal in question is conscious? In other words, would \"i think therefore i am\" apply to these self aware animal? If so, would these animals have souls from a religious standpoint?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Where does the bacteria that helps us digest come from? Are they generated from the body itself? What distinguishes it from a regular 'alien' bacteria? | [
"Our microbiota (the collective term for all of the organisms that live on or in our bodies) come from the environment. Our bodies don't \"make\" bacteria and they can't just pop into existence from nothing. The very first of our gut flora enters our bodies right as we're born. As we emerge from the birth canal, al... | [
"Viruses are dependent on other organisms to survive, so my guess is bacteria or some other microorganism came first."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Biology:"
} |
Why is taking deep breaths supposed to help you calm down? | [
"It's a good distraction, you have to think about taking those breaths for a few seconds enough to derail the train of thought that you were stuck on. Some people can also hyperventilate when they panic so some slow deep breaths can help bring them back down to earth."
] | [
"Breathing has a lot to do with this. When we are in our normal calm state, we don't think about breathing - it's something done naturally. But when something gives you anxiety, your heartbeat goes up and sometimes subconsciously start breathing in more air. The more you do this, the more oxygen you take in - causi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is it that in hotter regions of the world, the skin tone of natives are darker even though darker colours tend to absorb more heat than lighter ones? | [
"Darker colors absorb more heat, yes, but darker *skin colors* contain more melanin, which protects the body from harmful UV radiation."
] | [
"Yes, that's what tanning is. It's a reaction by your body to stimulate melanin production, making your skin darker and more resistant to burning. Melanin is why people with pale skin will burn more than tan, while dark skin will burn very rarely."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is it harder to balance when we close our eyes? | [
"We use many inputs to stay \"balanced\" - our inner ear, our muscles, our sense of inertia and ... our sight. You develop a _skill_ of staying balance using all of these inputs so it becomes natural that taking one away makes it harder to stay balanced. Had you learned to balance with your eyes close you'd be bett... | [
"Because you don't have much other sensory input coming in. Same reason why a lot of people close their eyes when they really want to listen to music."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is it that bees don't sting wasps? | [
"Why don't soldiers with rifles shoot tanks? Because their weapons don't penetrate. A bee simply can't jam a stinger through a wasp's exoskeleton."
] | [
"Millions of years of evolution? Like asking why do bees collect pollen...to make honey."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is it cheaper to mass produce common items like underwear/undershirts in countries across the world and then pay to ship them internationally to the US for selling, instead of just doing it all inside the US. | [
"Because the most expensive part of the manufacturing process is labor, and labor is much cheaper in other countries than in the US. Transportation on a ship over the ocean is dirt cheap, so that doesn't really change the situation."
] | [
"Wages in China are lower than in the Western world, so China attracted a lot of manufacturing business. You can pay someone $5/day in China, or you could pay them $50/day here in the US. The difference makes even the cargo costs to and from China worth it. As China has become more wealthy, we've seen manufacturing... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does it hurt when someone throws sea water in your eyes but you can open your eyes underwater without any pain or discomfort whatsoever. | [
"According to who? You? What applies to you does not apply to everyone. This doesn't belong in ELI5."
] | [
"- They're not licking the air, they're licking their nose. - Your blowing air into their face dries up their highly sensitive nose, which is kept moist at all times. - Their reflex is to lick their nose and reapply the moisture. They can't avoid that reflex any more than you can avoid blinking when I blow air into... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why does getting salt in a wound hurt so much? | [
"Salt is very hydrophillic, which means that it likes to attract water. If you fill a small plastic baggy with salty water, then place it in fresh water, you'll come back to find that the bag has puffed up and now has more water in it than before--this is because the less salty water moved towards the saltier water... | [
"If it's hot enough to burn other parts of the body, it'll burn your mouth, too. In fact it'll probably burn your mouth easier than other parts of the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
why is online piracy called piracy? | [
"The use of the term \"pirate\" for someone who infringes on exclusive creative rights predates modern copyright law. In 1557, the Stationers' Company of London received a royal charter giving them a monopoly on publication. Those who violated the charter were labelled as pirates as early as 1603. Article 12 of the... | [
"Creating content other people enjoy? Why are movies a thing? What do the creators get out of it? Why is youtube a thing? What do the creators get out it? Why (was) vine a thing? That's probably the more direct western analogue."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why is the atomic structural integrity not affected that much when a material is say broken, torn, cut, stripped, etc. - as in the atoms at the very end of the new piece may have their bonds broken right? | [
"Nope, think of it like lego. If you have a long chain of lego and then break it. The pieces don’t break when you hit it with stuff. The scale difference between the atomic level and the level we can see is such that using the sharpest knife we can make its like hitting lego with a baseball bat."
] | [
"Without going and reading about this 'stronger' typically means a specfic type of strength - how hard you have to pull on both ends to tear it. In which case an obvious example is plastic. Plastic polymers look like a heap of tangled worms at an atomic level, and this gives them much more of a specific type of str... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why haven’t motorcycles transitioned into being automatic like cars? | [
"There are some bikes with DCT, but not many. Automatic transmissions are a good bit larger and heavier than manuals, and in motorcycles being lighter is almost always the goal. Also, you have much more control and feel when you can feather the clutch. Last point, it’s way more fun to bang through the gears and hav... | [
"It has gotten easier and more cost efficient to build a car. The problem is, technology has also continued to evolve. If you were building the cars of 60 years ago, they'd be much cheaper. Why aren't we building those cars? People are willing to pay for safer and more advanced vehicles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Are the real dangers to 5G? If so, what are they? | [
"No. Radio transmissions are not ionizing radiation and do not have any measured effect on the human body. Standing in the shade exposes your body to more radiation."
] | [
"They provide services that the public requires and their failure might mean bad things for society as a whole. That's the argument at least. Not sure if I agree with it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do magnets work better when they're cold? | [
"Permanent magnets are the product of some carefully aligned bits within the substance. First, individual atoms near each other have to line up so their magnetic moments are aligned. If they aren't aligned, the moment of one atom will cancel any in the opposite direction so the overall effect is that there is no ov... | [
"A magnet is attracted to itself. They are made of shards of iron that are little magnets. They are mostly aligned so that there poles line up north to south, North to south just like lining up magnets. That's why if you break a magnet in half, you just made 2 smaller (weaker) magnets."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
why do ice cream cones have the grid of squares at the bottom inside, no matter the brand? | [
"That gives the bottom additional strength without needing excess material. It's kind of like adding [I-beams](_URL_0_) to the bottom of the cone. Otherwise, it would quickly start to fall apart, especially as the icecream melted and got the cone wet. It's a good solution to a problem that all ice-cream cones have,... | [
"They have a single large bun that's been cut into 3 pieces. They are made this way & there is no wasted bun involved. If look at one, this is immediately obvious since the middle bun does not have a crust on either the top or bottom."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do refrigerated/freezer trucks keep their batteries from dying quickly? | [
"The trailer has a separate fuel source for the trailer. Basically, fuel feeds generator, generator runs ac."
] | [
"The trucks may need to power refrigeration of their cargo, or are just running to prevent needing to warm up a diesel engine again."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what makes things more easily breakable than others? | [
"Things tend to break because the pressure on them exceeds the maximum pressure which they can take. This means that, in order to make something harder to break, you can either increase the maximum pressure something can withstand or decrease the maximum pressure that something is subjected to. \"Strong\" metals, i... | [
"Different elements have different strengths of magnetism. But also, I think you can mix the material with carbon to \"dilute\" it. I could be wrong, but here's an answer until a scientist enters the thread."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do elevators sometimes sound a constant alarm while closing the doors super slowly after people get on, but then return to operating normally after that? Does it have to do with the weight limit? | [
"Usually, this happens when the door has been held open for too long. The long alarm is the elevator's way of saying \"I'm closing and I'm not waiting for anyone to get out of the way, so get out of the way.\" The super-slow closing is to allow people to get out of the way once the elevator has asserted that it's c... | [
"The heat of a fire tends to melt and fuse the wiring in, among other things, elevator call buttons. This closes the circuit, sending a \"call\" signal to the elevator. So if you got on an elevator in a fire, it would respond to this call and take you right to where the flames were hottest. Firefighter elevator key... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is the US the richest country in the world but still has homeless people who have to defecate on the streets? | [
"Wealth inequality and a lack of social safety nets. There's a lot of wealth in the country, but that doesn't mean everyone is wealthy. A lot of that wealth is concentrated in just a small group. So some people are still very poor, or suffer from mental illness issues that make it so they can't maintain a job or ho... | [
"Soup kitchens, churches, homeless shelters. In my city there's a van that drives around at night giving sandwiches and drinks, as well as things like socks and gloves to homeless people. A lot of homeless people spend time in the public library here as well, they sleep in the train and bus stations if they can't g... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did the Egyptians find or extract yeast to use in their bread? | [
"Ooh ooh! I know this one! There is yeast everywhere! Not surprisingly yeasts that are good at digesting wheat are naturally found on wheat so you get a little Jumpstart there. However, you can cultivate wild yeast by leaving a bowl containing a slurry of flour and water exposed to open air for a few hours to coll... | [
"It's not just cow milk, but you will find Mongols drink horse milk, Nepalese and Tibetans drink yak milk, Scandinavians drink Reindeer Milk, as well as goat and sheep milk being popular (mostly for cheese now a days, but I used to drink goat's milk as a substitute for cow's milk). The main reason cows were and are... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
- what is Earth overshoot day, and what does it mean once we pass it? | [
"It's the point at which we've used more resources in a year than the Earth can support and regenerate in that year. Think of it like this: you have $1,000 to spend and one month to spend it. If you spend it all before the last day of the month, you've overshot your spending. The day you spent the last dollar is th... | [
"Global warming is what the planet is undergoing as a whole. The increase of average global temperature. Climate change is what could be observed in a specific region. A region could be hotter, cooler, wetter, drier, etc. The worry is that the ecosystems in a region could change too quickly for organisms to adapt a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Environmental Science:"
} |
How do elevators work when the facility is busy? When there are multiple elevators how do they coordinate? | [
"Many systems follow a fairly simple logic that could be described as \"first try to send a idle car to fill a request, otherwise wait until a car passes be the floor in the desired direction\". There are more complex systems, such as destination dispatch systems (where you enter the destination floor instead of pr... | [
"Because there is a back door as well. Many elevators that go to a loading dock have two sets of doors, so you need two sets of buttons."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens when a plane or helicopter gets struck by lightning while it's flying? | [
"\"It is estimated that on average, each airplane in the U.S. commercial fleet is struck lightly by lightning more than once each year. In fact, aircraft often trigger lightning when flying through a heavily charged region of a cloud. In these instances, the lightning flash originates at the airplane and extends aw... | [
"A pothole in an airport Runway would have catastrophic results for a plane that strikes it while Landing. The runways are regularly checked year-round to make sure that there are no obstructions or surface damage that could potentially impact a plane as it takes off or lands"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why in old films of NASA and USSR rocket launches do the NASA engines emit yellow flames and USSR 's are blue? | [
"It could be the fuel as almost all US rockets use liquid oxygen + kerosene which results in yellow glowing exhaust due to all the carbon left in it. Though the most used Russian launch vehicles were/are from the R-7 family that use the same fuel and generally their exhaust looks the same, Russian Proton rockets us... | [
"You are correct, the metal becomes brighter as temperature goes up due to highly energized photons being expelled. Also the automoderator can go choke to death on a bag of dicks. As it becomes hotter, they turn yellow, orange and then finally white, you can see that phenomena in the gun barrels of the M134D Gattli... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is there more visible smoke when people vape compared with regular cigarettes? | [
"Vape liquid has chemicals that hold on to water very well. It's the same chemicals used in fog machines. Cigarette smoke it's just small soot particles"
] | [
"As others have said, E-cigs are devices that vaporize a liquid containing nicotine and other substances for you to inhale. There has been some testing done on these, but most of that is just understanding what chemicals are present in the vapor, as compared to the smoke of traditional cigarettes. There have been n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Do animals have favorite foods? | [
"Yes they do bc my bunny doesn't care what you are eating unless it happens to be a banana then he's all over you for that tasty treat. My other bun i had would steal your apple sauce pouch right out of your hand and hide with it bc that was his fav."
] | [
"Why are noses different in size, why are people different heights, why do we have different hair colors?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Biology:"
} |
How Do Dishes on the Top Rack Get Clean? | [
"Most dishwashers have 2 spray bars, one in the base and one under the top rack. The one in the base does the bottom ones, the one under the top rack does the top ones."
] | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Term Life Insurance Policies | [
"They do not for that policy. There are all sorts of mortality tables and other high end mathematics that the insurance underwriters use to come up with the premium price. All of the premiums from all of their policies go into a pool. As long as the take in more premium then they pay out they make a profit. Think... | [
"High Crime + Dwindling Population + Crumbling Infrastructure + Diminishing Jobs = Perceived Shithole."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why are cups or plates the primary trophies in many sports? | [
"In ancient Greece very fine olive oil was a common prize. Olive oil is transported in vases and ... cups. The image of the two-handled cup is very similar to the olive oil urn. Everything else is just derived from that idea."
] | [
"Well, it's a common practice to make victory memorabilia for both teams in a major sports championship and then donate the losing team's stuff to poor people overseas. I imagine something similar happens."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is there sometimes a second smaller hole on top of some cans/bottles? | [
"So air can come in as liquid is being poured out. It's so that the flow is smooth. Ever try to empty a milk jug, or soda bottle by turning it out thinking it will go fast and it doesn't, that's because it needs air to come inside. You can experiment with a milk jug or such, fill and pour out, then stick a straw up... | [
"Look under the cap. There is a rubber or paper gasket. This seals against the top of the bottle neck. The threads are not the the part that seals it. I did some work at a place where all they make are little rubber gaskets for bottle caps."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
how can phones be waterproof when they have so many holes (charging port, headphone jack, etc)? | [
"Any holes, like the charging port and headphone port are sealed so water cannot get into the body of the phone. The seals are fairly thin which is why they are only good to about 5 meters, to much pressure will allow water to seep through."
] | [
"It's convenient. Less effort to place a device on a charging pad than it is to plug in a micro-USB. It's cool. We like things wireless. It smells like the future. (sorry thats appeal though, not advantage) It can be aesthetically more streamlined and pleasing. No loose micro-USB ends across your desk. It's less we... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
what lobotomies were meant to achieve and how/why it was believed they would fulfill their intended purpose? | [
"Mental illness was perceived as being in the frontal lobe of the brain, so if they kill the emotion area of the brain, or damage it, then they cure mental illness. It's just a shame that it turned most people in to emotionless vegetables. I guess that why electric shock therapy was used, to avoid making emotionl... | [
"MK Ultra was a CIA program to develop mind-control. Though it must have seemed like a good idea at the time, they did some illegal experiments on human subjects. Success or failure is a value judgement, they found that the techniques they examined didn't work. Having CIA mind-control not work seems like success to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do most sleep paralysis stories involve the "victim" seeing some kind of demon-like creature? What makes the brain see these figures? | [
"When you look at like almost anything that’s barely lit your brain tries to recognize facial features and you’ll start to see faces/body parts appear outta nowhere it’s fucking scary. So basically your brain nae nae’s itself"
] | [
"Basically you are still partially asleep, so you are, in a manner of speaking, \"half-dreaming\". You are also unable to move. So, in your dreamlike state you find yourself paralyzed, which leads to anxiety and confusion, which leads to your dreamy mind inventing \"explanations\", like needing to stay perfectly st... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can an unexpected turn of events make us laugh? | [
"Humour is a complicated thing to understand (and explain). BUT, what you're looking for might be answered in the incongruity theory of humour. There are different interpretations; some say we laugh because \"I was so wrong!\", some say it's because of the absurdity of the unexpected. Something is so confusing tha... | [
"A follow-up question: Why do some people love that feeling while others detest it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why isn’t plastic biodegradable? | [
"For the most part, bacteria does not consume/break down plastic. Plastic is mostly degraded by UV radiation from the sun, which takes much longer."
] | [
"It also depends on what country you live in. Something being recycleable doesn't necessarily mean it gets recycled, it just doesn't go into the landfill. Case in point: k-cups are now recyclable, but they're recycled right into an incinerator."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do you feel less tired after pulling an all-nighter rather than getting a small amount of sleep (3-5 hours)? | [
"I’m pretty sure it has something to do with your sleep cycle. Getting a small amount interrupts your natural cycle, which could literally be jogging your body awake at the deepest point of sleep. Gaining energy after a disruption like that is really difficult because your brain is still trying to bring your body o... | [
"Most likely, yes. Your sleep cycle is divided into parts like deep sleep and REM, and you go through several such cycles every night during a normal eight-hour rest. Now, if your three-hour rest was interrupted halfway through a cycle, that can be very disruptive. But as long as you are able to get a high quality ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
. What are those traders shouting at each other in the trading pits on Wall Street? | [
"Imagine if you and seller were negotiating the price of an item. You: I'll give you $10. Seller: $20 You: $12 Seller: $15 You: ok $15 Now imagine a different seller in same conversation with same item. You: I'll give you $10 for it Seller 1: $20 Seller 2: $19! You: $12 Seller1 $18 Seller2 $17 You $15 Seller 1 $... | [
"The audience see it on TV screens hanging from the ceiling of the studio. Source: I've been in the audience several times as it's free entertainment if you live or work near a studio"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do movies cost so much to make? Paying the actors aside how can it cost hundred of millions of dollars sometimes to make a movie? | [
"Logistics is a big part. Building sets, moving costumes. Cars, props, people, supporting staff, etc. Is expensive. Modern movies like to skip practical effects and pay large digital firms to complete CGI elements, which is absurdly expensive. And is the reason some scenes are stripped down for cost."
] | [
"> How can a film that grosses higher profits than the budget it took to make it still sometimes be considered a financial flop? There are a lot of other things you can do with money. If you have $20 million sitting around you can invest it in a variety of things, not just movies. If for example I could invest it i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How does the petrol pump know when your car’s tank is full so it stops the flow of petrol? | [
"If I remember correctly, there is a small tube connected to a pump which continually sucks in air. Once the tube is under the surface of the petrol it will start to suck that which triggers a sensor which then stops petrol from flowing through the petrol pump."
] | [
"There are two reasons. The older reason is that there is a very small chance that you could ignite the gas fumes with a running engine. The newer reason is that modern gas tanks are pressurized while the engine is running. If you leave the gas cap open while it's running, the sensors will think there's something w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
what does an irreversible MAOI do? | [
"Monoamine oxidase (MAO) breaks down a lot of the neurotransmitters associated with mood disorders in the body to non-active forms. An MAOI inhibits MAO from doing it's job properly, thus increasing the concentration of these neurotransmitters in the brain. An irreversible MAOI binds to MAO and won't let go, effect... | [
"Marijuana / cannabinoids act as competition for the neurotransmitters that would say we're full, effectively not allowing them to bind properly. Do you want specific chemical names or is that good enough? Because I'd have to look them up, not exactly a weed + molecular physiology expert."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why high level languages implement purticular flow control mechanisms? | [
"If you want to perform the same set of actions lots and lots of times, you're going to want a conditional loop to do it, rather than retyping out the same block of code a thousand times."
] | [
"Writing in binary isn't needed because there are alphabetized commands that dirrctly map to the binary commands. These commands are called assembly language. Writing assembly is equiv to writing binary commands."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
with Bipolar Disorder, how does the change in mood lead to disconnection from reality? | [
"Bipolar, much like depression, affects how you experience the world. When you are in a super SUPER happy point, known as mania, you feel like you can do anything. You feel and think that no task is too hard, and that you will just go ahead and do anything you want to. This makes you feel too confident, and gives y... | [
"Because they mess with the levels of various chemicals in the brain(often dopamine), Messing with the balance of chemicals in the brain can lead to many strange behaviors. Nightmares are just one of them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Medicine:"
} |
What is the process that enables our eyeballs to move in synchronisation? | [
"It's a neural connection. In ophthalmology there are two rules: Hering's law and Sherrington's law. Basically together these two laws describe the way the eyes can work together. Whenever your brain tells you to look right, for example, it sends a signal to both eyes to tell them to turn right. It sends the same s... | [
"Being inebriated impairs your depth perception, the coordination of both eyes working in unison."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do Flexible Spending Accounts work? | [
"You designate how much money to take out of your pay *before* taxes, up to $2,600 per year. When you need to make a copay, or pay for a prescription, or any other medical expenses that aren't already payed for by insurance, you use your FSA account to pay for them (some programs give you a debit card for this, oth... | [
"It's for much the same reason that private schools are very expensive: teachers' salaries are only a small portion of the costs of operating the business. Add to this these costs: * Supplies * Rent for the facilities * Administrative costs (licensed daycares have to cope with mountains of paperwork to comply with... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does sweating out a fever help you get better? | [
"It doesn't really, but the advice isn't really wrong. A fever is your bodies reaction to an infection. In short, both your body and the 'germs' infecting you operate best at 'body temperature'. By raising your body temperature, your body is harming both its own function and the diseases function, hoping it can 'ou... | [
"No. Vitamin C is only supposed to effective in helping to prevent a cold BEFORE you get it. If you get a cold, it's too late. Taking any dose of Vitamin C will definitely not help you to get rid of it any faster."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is there any legitimacy behind being ‘sobered up’ by a serious situation? If so, what physiological changes occur to allow this? | [
"You're still drunk, but since alchohol is a depressant the \"downer\" aspect of the drug is countered by _adrenaline_. You're not more likely to pass a sobriety test, and you're still gonna crash your car, but you'll certainly _feel_ different than you did before the \"sobering\" event if it causes an adrenaline s... | [
"So what is it about human physiology that makes this work differently for us?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When a stock like BYND has a 600% IPO where exactly does that money go and how can the company use it? What happens when the stock crashes and the value is reversed? | [
"An IPO is an Initial Public Offering, meaning that this is the first time that shares are being offered to the public on the market. When people buy shares during an IPO, they are buying them from the company and the company is taking the money. They can do whatever they like with the money. That was the point of ... | [
"The stock market just keeps tabs on what people are willing to pay for a certain stock and that depends on what people think the company's future (ROI as in return on investment) looks like. Usually what gets lost in a market turmoil is the faith of the investors in what they deem to be overpriced stocks so they w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do some cuts leave a scar and others don’t? | [
"A big reason some injuries leave scars is the depth of the wound. The more layers of tissue damaged by a knife, for instance, the more likely a more prominent scar will result. Also, some people have more of a tendency to scar than others."
] | [
"Because there was more there than just surface bruising. There is still underlying damage, hence the pain, even though the surface discoloration is gone. Bruising and other injuries can take a long time to heal. If it doesn't get better soon, I'd recommend a doctor visit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How does henna work? It’s on your skin for less than half an hour, how does the color stay for weeks? | [
"It's a dye and binds to proteins in the top layers of the skin, staying until the skin is shed. It's not particularly different than any other staining dye, and is left on long enough to pass deeper than just the top of the epidermis which is quickly shed so that is it more persistent. It is unlike a tattoo which ... | [
"The ink goes into a deeper layer of skin than just what's on the surface, so it holds for much longer. Some colors do fade faster than others, and tattoos on certain parts of the body (like on the palm of the hand or inside of a lip) will not last as long as others. And they can get faded faster through unprotect... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Science:"
} |
Why do shirts often have the big grand decal on the back and a small logo on the front and not the other way around | [
"For non-interacting people, you're going to have your back seen more than your front. Walking on the sidewalk, people coming towards you will pass quickly while people walking the same way as you can potentially be seen for a while. Same if everyone is focusing on a common place such as a concert or sports event, ... | [
"Some companies do. The pants, t shirt and sweater I'm wearing right now all have tag info printed directly on the fabric."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
difference between etiologies and risk factors: | [
"In medicine Etiologies refer to the cause of disease, while risk factors are correlative factors that increase your risk of getting the disease but in and of themselves are not necessarily the cause of the disease"
] | [
"Very briefly it sums to about this Accounting - management of money and numbers / finance - analysis of market for investment"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do your peripherals work better in the dark than straight on sight? | [
"Your center vision is made up of \"cone\" cells.. They're sensitive to color, but require more light to work. Your periphery is made up of \"rod\" cells. They're much more sensitive to lower light, but don't perceive color as well. So, in the night, you want to use your rod cells to see...hence looking at things o... | [
"It may be the lighting! Try to see how you feel with natural light versus the light from your lamps. It can make a big difference."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
200,000-year-old Human remains have been found outside Africa, but Neanderthals were said to have been in Eurasia for a long time before that - Why were humans so late to arrive in Eurasia? | [
"There are a lot of potential reasons, but one of the biggest ones is niche exclusion. With Neanderthal already living in Europe, and then doing a pretty good job of it, it was very hard for other humanoid species to get a foothold there. Chances are there were several failed attempts buy other humanoids to coloniz... | [
"People who have pure African ancestry have 0 neanderthal DNA. This is because the common ancestor of Homo Sapiens Sapiens migrated out of Africa and into Europe and Asia. In Northern Europe these human ancestors evolved into Neanderthals. Back in Africa the human ancestors evolve into Homo Sapiens Sapiens, aka mod... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do organs know at which part of the body they should develop (left or right)? Are there people with 'flipped' organ arrangements? | [
"There are certaian genes called hox genes that control where everything goes. All living things have the same ones just with slight variations of what is going where"
] | [
"If I understand your question correctly, you are asking why the pattern of veins is different in your right arm compared to your left? Because you expect our bodies to be symmetrical? Our bodies are not symmetrical. For example, our liver and appendix are on the right, our spleen, stomach and heart are on the left... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
why does soda fizz more when poured into a glass with ice as opposed to one without? | [
"The surface of the ice is rough until it starts to melt enough. This provides nucleation sites where the bubbles can grow more easily. It's the same principle as the mentos in diet coke thing. If you rinse the ice with water first, it won't foam up as much. Try also pouring into a dry glass vs one that you've just... | [
"Dissolved oxygen. If you cool off the water and shake it a bit, it should taste better. As a glass of tap water warms up to room temperature, it loses some of the dissolved oxygen because cold water can hold more oxygen than warm water. Ever notice those little bubbles on the side of a glass of you leave it out? T... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Food and Beverage:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Food and Beverage:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do baby turtles crawl towards the sea after hatching? | [
"They follow the light, which at night is usually the moon reflecting off the ocean. In recent years, artificial lights have confused this instinct and caused some nesting sites to have very poor survival rates."
] | [
"They hide under plants when it's sunny. Otherwise they'd dry out. When it's rainy, they can move around without danger of drying."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What is CGRP? How does it cause migraines and how do new medicines stop it? | [
"CGRP is a a protein. The brain and nervous system use this to “talk” about pain. Your body has certain reactions to being told there is pain, and one of these reactions is that your blood vessels can shrink down, and when the blood vessels in your brain shrink down it can cause or worsen a headache. This is part o... | [
"There are many types of headaches with a variety of causes including tension headaches, cluster headaches, sinus headaches, and migraines. A lot of headaches are caused by inflammation of nerves, sinuses, or other tissues in the brain and neck. Sore/pulled muscles can cause headaches. Frequent migraines are less u... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do prosecuters/courts seek/sentence prison time greater than the expected lifespan of the offender (i.e. 150 years in prison)? Why not simply sentence those criminals to 'life' in prison instead? | [
"Sentencing options are written into state laws. Life in prison is different in state laws than 150 years. Some of it comes into play with the \"cruel and unusual punishment\" clause in the Constitution too. Life in prison may not be \"cruel and unusual\" for a murder sentence, but it might be for, say, child sex t... | [
"If they are guilty of multiple homicides and one is overturned, the remaining sentences still stand. In some places, a life sentence can still mean parole after 25 years. It doesn't strictly mean \"you will remain in jail until you are no longer living.\" Someone who commits a double homicide who is then given bac... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Law and Justice:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Law and Justice:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Law and Justice:"
} |
Why does the sound of poured water gets higher and higher as you keep pouring? | [
"Because the sound you're hearing is sound coming out of a round chamber. When the glass fills with water, the size of the chamber changes, so the pitch changes. Large chamber, low pitch. Small chamber, high pitch. It's why digieridoos are deep and rumbly while ocarinas are high pitched and whiny."
] | [
"When you hit the top in the right way, you essentially cause the bottle to move downwards faster than the liquid does, forming a tiny empty spot between the bottom of the liquid and the bottom of the glass. This causes the liquid to fall back down onto the glass bottom, which results in it foaming up a lot like if... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does some food, such as oatmeal, seems to get more nutrisious when it has been heated | [
"You break down the cellulose and other indigestable material with heat. What's left can be broken down more thoroughly and more of it can be absorbed to be used by the body. Breaking the food down first makes more of it available to your body."
] | [
"Milk has fat which slows down how much it absorbs into the cereal. If you leave cereal in milk long enough it will get gross soggy and non-fat milk gets gross soggy at the same rate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What are nuclear shadows? | [
"The intense heat of the atomic explosion caused what are called nuclear shadows. The blast changed the colors of surfaces like steps, walls, and pavement because of the UV radiation that was emitted. When things that were soon to be vaporized blocked whatever what was behind them, they didn't allow this UV color c... | [
"What are you using it for? Where are you located?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What happens when a child breaks his leg right before a big growth spurt? | [
"A kid in my elementary school broke his leg before a growth spurt and they broke the other leg so that they would match. He missed the rest of the year and was in a wheelchair for a while."
] | [
"Adrenaline. It will hit you like a ton of bricks the next next day."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
why does slouching and bad posture feel so much better than good posture? | [
"Not always but it's usually because your muscles are not strong enough to hold your body in the proper position. So basically your muscles are getting tired holding yourself up and when they relax it feels good. In the long term however, your bones and joints will deteriorate and cause a lot of pain."
] | [
"Why does stretching my hamstrings feel so unpleasant, while stretching my calves feels good?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When a part of the body aches, we as a reflex immediately apply physical pressure using hands. Why? | [
"It's not instinctive, I don't think. People have learned that if you rub a part of the body, this floods the nerves with sensation, and the nerves going to the brain can only carry so much signal at a time, so some of the signal is lost, meaning some of the pain signals don't make it to the brain and so it feels l... | [
"The common itch is a basic defense-mechanism alerting your brain something is wrong. Most commonly caused by an external source such as fibers, hair, dust or anything else affecting your body. It may also be caused by \"damaged skin\", this can be anything from a patch of dry skin to an allergic reaction. To answe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What's the difference between interstate highways and US highways? | [
"The Interstate Highway System was created with the [Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956](_URL_1_). Before then, the \"US Highway\" system was an ad-hoc system of state/locally maintained highways that were funded partially through grants on a \"matching\" basis, where the Federal government would match state investmen... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did the letter Z become associated with sleeping or snoring? | [
"& #x200B; \"How and when did the letter Z become to be associated with sleeping?\" First of all, zzzz (or z-z-z-z) is sound of snoring, from at least 1918. (Sometimes \"a tiny saw cutting through a log\" \\[1948\\] would be used, and both the snore and saw would make the same z-z-z-z sound.) Over time, this became... | [
"Basically because most people enjoy sleeping at night."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do STDs form/ where do the originate? | [
"STDs are just diseases. At some stage in their evolution they mutated, maybe one branch of their family tree spread by making victims cough out particles and others spread by sexual contact. There are pros and cons to each strategy, lots of coughs happen with nothing around and coughing people \"seem sick\" to the... | [
"> Why do most STDs spread via sexual intercourse and not through other actions like making out? An STD is by definition primarily transmitted via sexual contact. Diseases which are not mainly spread by sex are not STDs. > I'm curious, what it is about STDs that causes them to spread via sex and not other means (l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why can't a steel chef's knife slice a piece of steel rebar? | [
"Cutting is based on two things. Having enough force to break through the material you want to cut and using something tougher than the material so the material gets cut instead of bending what to are cutting with. You cannot cut steel with a feather, applying more force causes the feather to bend not the steel t... | [
"Wait. You can easily remove pieces of shell from cracked eggs by using another piece of shell??"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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