query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How do fish sleep? How do they avoid running into things or not get separated from their school? | [
"Someone can surely explain this in more detail than I will, but I watched a docu recently on this - they sleep one side of their brain at a time. Fish, birds, dolphins and I'm pretty sure some other animals can do it. Keeps them aware enough to avoid danger but still getting the zzz's they need!"
] | [
"They try to hide from their most common predators by staying quiet during daytime. And then come out during the night to attract a mate when it's too dark for birds to hunt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What exactly is up with the Duggar family? | [
"Honestly, I don't understand why people talk so much shit on them. Yeah they have really heavy Christian beliefs, live in the bible belt, and are probably super conservative. But everything I've seen from crap like interviews and the show.. They seem to be good hearted people who want to make the world a better pl... | [
"In a related question, where the hell do Brits get the \"F\" in Lieutenant?!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do some websites make me click the back arrow twice really quickly to go back one page? | [
"Websites have something called redirects, where one page automatically sends you to another one. If you click back once from the resulting page, you get sent forward again. If you click back twice quickly, you can go to the previous page before that happens. Some websites probably do that intentionally to trap you... | [
"The actual redirect is being caused by a \"tag\" that the developer inserts into the code. They can customise it as much as they want, from 0 seconds to 100,000 seconds. But most developers choose 5 or 10 for two reasons: 1. It gives the user time to read the message (if they're interested) so that they *know* wha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why isn't the universe cyclic? It seems like gravity should eventually slow everything down until it collapses and then explodes again. | [
"Congratulations! This is one of the biggest and most mysterious questions of modern science. The fact that the universe expansion is accelerating is actually a fairly recent being discovered in 1998. In short, nobody really has an explanation on why the universe expansion is accelerating. This is why we scientists... | [
"Well, entropy won't end the actual expansion, assuming the expansion continues as our calculations suggest it will. However, everything *else* in the universe will essentially end and make the universe a void of nothing. The stars will run out fuel, but the universe will just keep expanding. White dwarfs will go d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:"
} |
Why do altcoins like dogecoin have little real value, while other coins like Bitcoin do? | [
"It's the same thing that makes a currency more valuable than another - it's only valuable if enough people agree it has value and adopt it. I could buy a printing press tomorrow, but I'd need a little more inertia before the kman17 dollar picks up."
] | [
"Traditional currencies trade based on economic factors about the country they are tied to. The factors to look for are well known and traders have a good idea how new data will affect the price. This is why currency values are relatively stable. Bitcoin's value is based almost entirely on speculation. Speculative ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does a new bar of soap lather better than a well used one? | [
"I've always thought a used bar of soap lathers better than a new one."
] | [
"There's still some soap left in the bottle after you use it up. Adding water can get you access to some of the leftover soap, but it will be diluted. Soap's not that expensive, so it's probably just as easy to buy a new one though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
what is that wind-like sound you hear inside your head when stretching at night/tired? | [
"IIRC it's caused by a small muscle in your inner ear known as the tensor tympani, which can be triggered when doing certain things such as yawning or clenching your jaw. Some people can do it on command, but the short version is that its a tiny muscle in your ear and the sound is it tensing up."
] | [
"I want to know that too. Maybe i can add a question to that ELI5 topic: Why do i see lightning like things when closing my eyes and pushing/rolling them with my finger?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health and Physiology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Health and Physiology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
how musicians extract the vocals from a song to use them in a remix | [
"When music is originally recorded in studios, they'll record everything with multiple tracks. Each instrument will be on its own track (sometimes even spread across multiples). When doing an official remix of a song, the remixer is given access to the original multi-track recording rather than just the copy that h... | [
"A cover is an artist playing a song written by another artist, possibly in another rendition. Like when you hear Demi Lovato sing an Adele song at her concert. A remix is when you take parts of someone elses song and add your own things to it to make it different. Like when a rapper or DJ does their stuff on top ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If the chemical properties of an element are dependent on the number of electrons, then why is the element determined by the number of protons? | [
"The number of protons and electrons is always the same in an atom, because an atom is defined as being chargeless. So the proton number is essentially the same as the electron number. Chemistry depends on electron, however, because it is much easier to swap electrons and form bonds than it is to swap protons and ... | [
"No, it is fundamentally different from hydrogen. The simplest, and most common, form of hydrogen has a nucleus consisting of 1 proton. All forms of hydrogen have only 1 proton, with varying numbers of neutrons. Helium, on the other hand, always has 2 protons in the nucleus. It is an element because, except for spl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Chemistry:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Chemistry:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Let's say I have a pressing issue and want to schedule an appointment with the US President through official channels. Where do I start? | [
"You can call the White House and request a meeting. However, it's very unlikely that you'd actually get a meeting unless you are influential or know someone who is that can help you get the meeting. You may be able to get a meeting with a staffer, but even then there's only so many people and so many hours in the ... | [
"When you answer those automated questions, you're being routed to the correct department that could best handle your situation. When you get the advisor on the line, all they're doing is verifying the information on screen to make sure there are no inconsistencies so they can help you as fast as they can. **Sourc... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How films that were filmed before 4k technology was around, can be re-released in 4k? | [
"Film has its own inherent resolution based on gauge, emulsion, lens quality, etc., though not in a convenient pixel count like digital. Old films can be scanned at high resolution, and as long as the film is in good condition, and the film stock was good enough to begin with, it can be scanned at any resolution c... | [
"Normal movies are shot to be viewed in both 2D and 3D, this results in some compromises and relatively limited usage of 3D Disney knows that the movie will only be shown in 3D in that specific venue so they can specifically cater it to 3D and where the audience will be located which lets them achieve much more str... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
If someone has to go to the bathroom before falling asleep, but chooses to hold it until the morning, is their quality of sleep effected? | [
"Speaking from personal experience, I usually wake up in the middle of the night if I drink a lot of water or otherwise don't pee before going to bed. If you're very young, you probably just wet the bed."
] | [
"Headaches from caffeine withdrawals suck, but caffeine use itself isn't particularly harmful unless you have certain other medical conditions. Also, you can still sleep and wake up while going through caffeine withdrawals, you'll just be a bit groggy and grumpy. Sleeping pill dependency can prevent you from sleepi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
You can get flea/tick/mosquito treatments for dogs and cats that last 3 months, how come there isn't the equivalent for humans? | [
"Because your dog / cat only lives up to 20 years. So the deadly side effects aren't an issue. We people would suffer the side effects."
] | [
"There are two basic functions of flea and tick collars. Repelling: One type emits a gas that repels pests. Treating: The other type has medication that seeps into the fat layer on dogs’ skin or active ingredients that spread using the dog's natural skin oils. When the first type is used, a pest must bite the dog f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Switzerland just completed the longest railway tunnel in the world for 13,3 bln CHF, ~20% of it's yearly GDP. How do we know it was worth it? | [
"Switzerland's GDP is ~640 CHF. The tunnel cost about 2% of that. And since construction took 20 years, they've basically been funding it at an average rate of ~0.1% of their GDP annually in 20 installments. I think you might be confused by the use of commas as decimals and vice versa in certain countries, includin... | [
"Not a huge strain. The total cost to the country is about $182 Billion per year, a bit under 1% of our annual productivity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is the Vietnam war mostly used to refer to PTSD? | [
"Vietnam was a war characterized by wandering around in the woods/jungle getting ambushed. Combine that with a large number of conscripts and a country finally getting ready to talk about mental illness without calling people pussies or pansies, and you've got a LOT of people talking about what we've always known: ... | [
"Would you mind clarifying the question a little? Are you asking if the American participation in the Vietnam War is responsible for the recession of communism *now*?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is it so hard for law enforcement to locate and bust scam call centers? | [
"So many of them are overseas using VOiP to make the call over the internet. If someone is in South Africa at a call center and calls Chicago, the call travel over the internet to say Arizona, where they are picked up by a local exchange and then sent on the plain ol telephone system to Chicago. Now Chicago police ... | [
"Legal in Canada. This actually helps people who are being trapped into sex trafficking to come forward and speak to the police without fear of prosecution. A lot of sex traffickers will tell the victims not to go to police because they will be jailed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The whole situation with FIFA and Garcia. | [
"Basically, there were persistent allegations of corruption surrounding FIFA's award of the 2018 World Cup to Russian and particularly the award of the 2022 World Cup to Qatar. Fairly significant evidence of corrupt payments was uncovered by the press, particularly in the UK. FIFA decided to commission an investig... | [
"Their top execs worst secrets from being exposed."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
how can a building cost over 1 billion dollars? | [
"buying materials, land, and machinery, hiring the labor and a major architecture firm to engineer the building, and there still has to be something left over for the developer to skim off the top."
] | [
"they bring in more money from tourism for us than we pay in tax. 200 million from tourism we give them 40 million."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How are companies allowed to have "secret ingredient(s)" when allergies exist? | [
"[Assuming you're in the United States, major food allergens are required to be labeled by the FDA.](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"My coke says \"natural flavors\", so that's the main point. they aren't legally required to list all flavoring ingredients in detail. Also, listing ingredients doesn't list amounts or how you prepare those ingredients, and that's pretty critical for any recipe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Time Travel question | [
"So one person leaves the Earth's gravity well and travels with some speed to a different gravity well and then returns at some speed? Different times. Some nerd from Stanford can say how different but you have to give him or her a speed."
] | [
"Funny you should ask. Roni Jacobson wrote an article that covers a lot of what you ask in this Tuesday's *New York Times*: [\"60: Behind Every Second, Millenniums of History\"] (_URL_0_)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Where are all of the battery technology breakthroughs I keep reading about? | [
"They are the result of journalists being terrible at science. Here is how it usually goes. 1. Scientist makes a small but significant discovery. 2. Journalists hypes one aspect of the discovery (10x the battery life) ignoring other aspects (takes up 9.5x the space, costs 11x as much, sometimes explodes) to spin i... | [
"We won’t know until we learn more about the connection and economics of the situation. We could come up with tons of scenarios, but until stuff is more released we don’t know. Hell we don’t even know if any of the companies attempting to do this type of stuff (it’s more companies than just SpaceX, SpaceX just hits... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do apple products supposedly have better malware/virus protection? | [
"I like to explain this all the time with this analogy. Imagine you are a serial killer. You have access to a deadly virus (one that is alive) that you can release into the air, and hope to do as much damage as possible. Would you then chose to go release it at, say, an international airport with thousands of peopl... | [
"There are several iOS viruses out there, but they are extremely hard to get because of the controls iTunes and Apple puts on distribution of apps, any apps which pose a weakness hazard to iOS gets removed almost immediately, if they ever make it into the shop at all. Your computer on the other hand doesn't have th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Evolutionarily speaking why so many people are afraid of public speaking | [
"Not every trait or behavior has to do with evolution"
] | [
"To make you sound cooler/tougher, that way people don't take advantage of you in your weak state. This happened after millions of years of evolution, raising the chance of survival."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Can you feel an earthquake while swimming in the ocean. | [
"I lived on an anchor out boat when we had that big one is Seattle. The whole boat shook like crazy."
] | [
"For the same reason that you can't see an ant from 10 feet away but you can see Mount Everest from hundreds of miles away."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
why do we feel the urge to chew/pick at/mess with sores in our mouth, even though we know doing so will make it worse? | [
"It's just the novelty of it. It's something odd and out of place on your mouth and I'm sure it may also be similar to why animals lick their wounds. The mouth *is* the fastest healing part of the body and maybe the constant exposing of damaged tissue to saliva may have a healing/anti-infection aspect?"
] | [
"Hangnails are just torn skin around your fingernails. Usually happens when your skin is dry or when biting your fingernails. To prevent hangnails, try to keep your hands hydrated in the warmer months and avoid biting your nails. Most of the pain comes from trying to rip them off. The hangnail sometimes makes your ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Was the Iraq War a loss or a win? | [
"Obviously the recent events in Iraq help show that it was a complete failure, and waste of a couple trillion dollars and thousands of lives. Not only did we not rid the world of a leader with WMD (the initial reason for the invasion) because there was none, but we couldn't even help the country become a functionin... | [
"Could the rebuilding of Japan after WWII be considered a partial colonization by the United States?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How do some people eat a lot and still remain thin even without exercising? What exactly is a high metabolism? And why is obesity more common among the poor and less educated? | [
"The brain does burn a fairly substantial amount of calories, although I'm not aware of any correlation between intelligence and weight. > And why is obesity more common among the poor and less educated? Eating properly can be expensive, and the less educated may not know how or be tricked by the millions of \"los... | [
"No. Sugar consumption is not the cause of Diabetes. That is genetic. Consuming too much sugar does lead to obesity, and that is what makes getting diabetes more likely. And while it is rare, you can develop type 2 diabetes even if you are of a healthy weight and do not eat sugar if the genetic factors line up for ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
what's the point of cell phones not having a microSD slot. Is internal storage that much faster, or is it simply a money grab | [
"\"Money grab\" might be a bit harsh, but the manufacturers have found that many consumers just don't care about their phone having an memory card slot. Since putting one in costs some amount of money, and that amount is less than what they get back in increased purchases, they don't do it."
] | [
"They absolutely can. I'm typing this on a Galaxy S9 which is IP68 rated and has a 3.5mm headphone jack It's a sealed plastic part anyway, it shouldn't be hard to waterproof. The big push is due to it's minimum thickness and $$$. As with all things, it really just comes down to $$$"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What is my microwave doing differently when it's in defrost mode? | [
"The magnetron (which produces the microwave energy) is cycled on and off. Usually it's something like 3 seconds on, 7 seconds off, for a \"power level\" of 30%. Listen to the microwave and you'll hear it cycle on and off."
] | [
"The glass in the microwave might have small strands built in for a second layer Faraday cage. It is hard to say if it is still safe to use. It is better to be on the safe side. If you are worried you might try with a wet towel placed on the outside of the door and around the edges. It it gets hot in some areas the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do I get a headache and feel ill when I decide to be lazy all day? | [
"If I sit around I tend to not drink as much water as normal, and when I'm dehydrated I have these exact symptoms. Maybe it's that."
] | [
"Because it helps to take your mind off of the embarrassing thought. I do that a lot when I'm hung over."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
If a bite from a human requires a visit to a doctor because of the bacteria, why, if we were to lick our own open wound, does not the same risk apply | [
"Our *natural* bacteria in our mouth has no threat to us. And our saliva has beneficial properties on wounds. However, if someone else bit you, who the fuck knows what illness he could have. If the person who bit you was perfectly healthy I don't think it would be a problem. But would you just take his word for it... | [
"There are lots of things that if you were to inject them into your bloodstream you'd be harmed but that if you eat are easily destroyed by your stomach without doing notable or any harm. When a spider bites you it's straight to your blood."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If all wine is just fermented grape juice, how does one winery make a bottle that's worth $1,000 while another winery makes a bottle that's only worth $2? | [
"The quality of the grapes, the quality of the water, age, the barrels it is aged in, what yeast is used, how much sugar was added, the temperature, fermentation time, how it was racked, etc etc etc.. Source: Brew beer at home."
] | [
"To me more expensive wine is noticeably better than cheap wine, but there is definitely diminishing return in quality the more expensive it is. For example, a 20 dollar bottle of wine is generally a lot better than a 10 dollar bottle. A 50 dollar bottle is better than a 20, but not that much better. At a certain p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do they connect over water bridges and piers to the bottom of whatever body of water? | [
"There are two ways: Pile Driver: Big machine that shoots giant metal rods from the surface, through the water, and into the seabed. Coffer Dam: Workers build a wall around the site and then pump out all the water. Then they climb down and pour concrete in the seabed."
] | [
"There are areas where hundreds of years ago they were connected so water life could move between then as the water dried up they get trap in different places. The other case if that the travel on boats between the two bodies of water"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
can someone tell me how the practices of american lobbies aren't considered as corruption? | [
"Lobbies, in theory at least, make public donations to politicians without asking for anything in return. Then they use the fact that they are voters, and elected politicians work for the voters, to talk to elected politicians. Then they decide whether or not the actions of an elected representative is something ... | [
"Different countries have different laws; many countries have none. The only anticompetitive laws most of the Western world has are anti monopolistic: you can't eliminate other competition. Theres technically nothing stopping you from opening a diamond mine and selling your own diamonds cheaper. Also: I was being ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How Hyperthreading works/what Hyperthreading is | [
"With a one CPU computer without hyperthreading, you have only one thread. That is to say, you can really only process one stream of data at a time. If you hyperthread, you create one or more extra threads, so you can handle more data without backing up one thread too much."
] | [
"i5s have Turbo Boost and Hyper Threading (Turbo Boost is on-the-fly overclocking in response to increased CPU demand, Hyper Threading means each core can run two threads each, so the computer sees it as a quad-core.) i3s don't have either and are only dual-core."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does an atomic bomb create such a huge explosion? | [
"Some types of atoms aren't very stable. They are like a house of cards sitting out in the wind. Eventually they are going to collapse. When these atoms collapse (called decay), they release energy (it's a whole bunch of energy for something it's size, but it's very small on a human scale), and parts of the atom br... | [
"Lighting is very hot. When there's a lightning bolt, it rapidly heats the air around it, creating a sort of explosion. That explosion is thunder."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do skin moles form, and why we haven't yet developed an efficient way of removing them? | [
"Most moles can easily be removed in a physicians office. I had a few taken off me and some went deep, others were very superficial. The deep ones almost looked like a carrot, long dangly root-like structures. The superficial ones could have been scraped off with a razor blade. I consider a 30 minute office visit ... | [
"Your body is attacking itself. Your skin replaces itself faster than other people. It may feel better with some medicines, but there's really no way to stop it, and nobody seems to know much else about it. I have it, too."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are other primates considered as non-human, and not as an indigenous tribe of humanity? | [
"They are a different species genetically. You could not successfully have a child with an orangutan."
] | [
"this idea only works from the frame work that we are 'advanced' compared to other creatures. In fact, we are all equally advanced at what niche we occupy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
England and their relation to several countries like Canada, Australia, New Zealand, etc | [
"This [video explains it](_URL_0_). Warning [shit gets bizarre.](_URL_1_) The TL:DR of it is that at one point England ruled most of the world at point or another and these are remnants of that once huge empire"
] | [
"The United States has about two and a half times the population of the UK, Canada, Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand combined."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
If smells are tiny bits of matter, how is it that static electricity, being energy, has a scent? | [
"You're smelling ozone. In the presence of an electrical discharge (more noticeable after a lightning strike) O-3 forms, which is what you're smelling."
] | [
"You smell things by inhaling them. The odor of a thing is it vaporized. So, yeah, you're still inhaling second hand smoke."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
the monotheistic religion family tree | [
"Zoroastrian begat pagan Judaism Pagan Judiasm became rabbinical Judaism Rabbinical Judasim begat Islam and early Christianity Islam led to Sikhism Christianity begat Roman Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity Roman Catholicism begat Protestant Christianity Protestant Christianity begat Jehova's Witnesses and Morm... | [
"> fat is a biological battery wonderful wording"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What does it mean to "master" a song/track? | [
"A lot of people confuse mastering with mixing. Mixing is actually the part where you adjust levels on each track of the song. Most songs have a track for each instrument, sometimes recorded at the same time as other instruments, and sometimes recorded separately. Mixing is adjusting the levels on every track, addi... | [
"How can you sing along mentally the first time?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why don't Roombas/robot vacuums memorize furniture/take the same route when they clean? Why do many still get "lost" and die on the floor? Don't we have the technology? | [
"Memorizing a room seems like a great plan, but how do you handle a chair in the middle of the room? What if you move the couch? Memorizing a room is very memory and computationally expensive and in the end, worthless It turns out a random walk like a roomba does can be about 90% as efficient as a perfectly optimiz... | [
"The advice the salesman gave me when buying my current vacuum cleaner is that just because the rated wattage is higher on one model, it doesn't mean it's any better - the electric motor will still be cheap even if it's a more expensive model, and will burn out quicker if you're giving it more power. In light of th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
I just saw a meme that asked the question "where are the doorbell speakers" how do doorbells work and why can we hear them all over the house | [
"The button is an electric switch. It allows electricity to flow to a small noise-maker which is usually in a box on the wall in a very central location, so the sound can be heard everywhere. _URL_1_ _URL_0_"
] | [
"Its mainly just the ambiance, and its ability to block out other sound frequencies so we really don't hear anything else. Personally, I feel like they scare the shit out of me"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do most women need clitoral stimulation to orgasm? Wouldn't it make more sense evolutionarily for vaginal orgasms from penetration to be more achievable? | [
"The selection pressure on achieving orgasm was probably not as strong as the ability to get pregnant. The genes that passed forward had no reason to preference one over the other, so one had to win. If orgasming was a requirement for impregnation I'm sure that the roles of the clit and vagina would be reversed."
] | [
"Evolutionarily, it's to increase chances of having a baby. If a man continues to engage in intercourse after ejaculating, he risks inadvertently pushing the semen out of the way, making pregnancy more difficult. For a woman, if she orgasms first, she needs to stay interested until the man is done in order for ther... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why did Spain not explore Africa sooner? | [
"Largely because those pesky Muslims [were in the way](_URL_0_) for a long time. Southern Europe and Northern Africa were occupied by non-Europeans for 700 years. By the time that ended, it was just about time to start looking for a westward route to Asia -- at which point the pesky New World got in the way, and it... | [
"Was any Asian country capable of helping the United States during the revolutionary war?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why it's just universally accepted that professional athletes get paid astronomically exorbitant amounts of money to literally play games. | [
"You say literally play games, but by playing those games they are also bringing millions of dollars worth of money in advertising, sponsoring, merchandise and ticket sales and prize money. Why *shouldn't* they be compensated for the money they bring in? And the reason they bring in that much money is because we al... | [
"because they don't piss and moan about not getting a fair shake just because they aren't Caucasian. instead they go out, work their asses off and are quite successful without a handicap."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Sports and Advertising:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Sports and Advertising:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Social Issues:"
} |
Why do we always have stressful thoughts just before going to sleep? | [
"\"We\" don't. You do, and other do as well. This is a common sign of anxiety. What most people experience is isolated thoughts, undisturbed by the noise of the day. You experience your \"baseline\". So, I'd suggest that you are generally experiencing anxiety and that you really get in touch with that as you're fal... | [
"At night, you're tired and ready to call it a day. You let your guard down which opens you up to those kinds of thoughts and feelings. You aren't required to be alert in bed like you are during the day at work or school."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Where did dogs originate from? | [
"They all originate from wolves and with selective breeding we now have all these breeds, I believe."
] | [
"So when and where did playing cards as we know them come into being anyways?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
If reincarnation is based on the recycling of souls, how does it account for population change? | [
"Having actually studied Buddhism (dunno about other reincarnation-based religions), the claim is that there are other realms with things you can be reincarnated as, including hell beings and demi-gods or whatever. Sorry I forget the actual names. Also things like bugs and other earth-animals are possibilities. Not... | [
"I'm sorry to say, but this is not the kind of question that can be answered in an ELI5. Thousands of years worth of philosophical and theological debate have been dedicated to answering this question, and we still find ourselves without a definitive answer. Some of the more popular ones include: because God wills ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why was American Pharoah slower than the previous triple crown winner? | [
"The consensus seems to be that Secretariat (in the 70s) was a genuine freak of nature. You'll notice that most of this year's horses finished faster than most of that year's horses, so on the whole the entire sport has gotten faster and more competitive. But Secretariat was a statistical anomaly."
] | [
"It is the first time a horse has one the triple crown, which is winning the Kentucky derby, Preakness stakes, and Belmont stakes consecutively, in I believe 37 years. So it's sort of a big deal Edit: something interesting to note is the Belmont is nearly a 1/2 mile longer than the other 2 races so this makes it a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is it so incredibly annoying to have something stuck between your teeth? | [
"Because your teeth are directly connected to your skull and your jawbone. Two bones move together all the time with the help of a joint (knee, elbow, hip, etc) but your teeth are directly rooted into their homes. There are also a ton of nerves in each tooth. So when when something small like a popcorn kernel gets... | [
"And why do I have the urge to cough when using them?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why in the military do some people get the best medical care in the country at places like Walter Reed while other military personnel and veterans get awful horrible care at VA hospitals? | [
"A lot has to do with where and when your injured. Active duty and in combat: If it's sever enough you'll go to Walter Reed, otherwise you'll be in a different military hospital, some excellent, some okay, and some barely passable (just like any large dispersed group). No longer active duty but with service relate... | [
"American culture is ruthless and cutthroat. You are expected to be self sufficient or you're second class. We send poor boys to go to war under the absurd delusion that they're hero's going off to kill the bad guys and they come back fucked up, and then we taboo mental illness and those who suffer from it. It's yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is LIFO, FIFO & FISH in accounting? | [
"FIFO is First In, First Out. It means that your oldest transactions or items are to be processed first, to prevent overdue balances or spoiled stock (it is used very often in retail and billing) LIFO is Last In, First Out. It means that your newest transactions or items are to be processed first. This is usually o... | [
"Assets - Liabilities = Capital + Income - Expense. In your example above this would create a balanced entry."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do so many employers neglect to list the pay rate on their job listings? How does one politely and professionally get that information? | [
"Employers will hide this information because they do not want to give you any leverage or bargaining power in terms of your salary. There are a lot of variables so I can't give you specific details like what they may offer and what others may be getting but hiring managers will usually be given a low end pay rate ... | [
"More money is always the answer, but that's not the question. Why this particular job instead of the thousands of other jobs on the job listing site? Why did you apply for this job, what about this job or company interests you? Why are you qualified enough to get this job. etc"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does the US credit rating that went down from a AAA to AA affect me, the average consumer? | [
"Your dad is the head of the household. He's is real good on paying back people and makes a lot of money and is rather wealthy, so people trust lending him money. In the last couple of years, your dad did some irresponsible things and even threatened to not pay even though he can. Finally, one of the community lead... | [
"Next to nothing. Having a large debt does not matter if you can make the payments on said debt. The US has never missed a payment and if the economy was tanking hard enough for it to miss a payment there would be far greater concerns for the average American."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are men more prone to color blindness than women? | [
"Color blindness results from a recessive mutation of a gene that lies on the X chromosome. Men only have one X chromosome (their other sex chromosome is a Y from their father), so if they get the mutated form they're always color blind. Women have two, so they can carry the gene, but because it's recessive, they ... | [
"Some people are blind due to damage to their eyes, some people are blind due to damage to their brains."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What to give a shit about most. | [
"You sound like you are twelve to nineteen years old, experiencing what the psychologist Erik Erikson labelled the '*role confusion* crisis'. Am I close? Either way, I don't think this is really a question that anyone but you can answer. My recommendation would be to follow what you enjoy and try and forge a career... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why do city signs on u.s. Highway list the population sizes of the cities they precede? | [
"Cross-country travel was quite different before the internet, cell phones, and GPS navigation. You'd basically show up in a city and hope for the best. Hotels and restaurants you'd pick at random based on how they looked from the outside, and if you got lost, you hoped you could find a phone booth with an intact ... | [
"It varies by state. Some match the exit to a nearby mile marker so you can tell how far away from one another. Other states prefer to number exits consecutively so you know how many more exits you will need to pass (or you can get off at) before your exit. In many cases, there may be exceptions within a state, whe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
In a motorcycle transmission, why is Neutral almost always between 1st and 2nd gear? | [
"So that when you're emergency braking and shift down (down, down, down, down, down) you end up in 1st, rather than neutral. This way, once you're done braking and look behind you to see some guy in a truck that may not be able to stop as fast as you, you can go (rather than trying to shift into first before taking... | [
"When you choose Drive, you are telling the transmission to choose whichever gear it feels is most suitable for the driving condition at any moment. When you choose 1, you are limiting the transmission to the use of first gear only. 2 allows the use of first and second; 3 allows the use of the first three gears."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why are my pubes (and body hair in general) a different texture than the hair on my head? | [
"Wild guess here, but I think it's because they serve different purposes. The hair on your head is meant to retain warmth, while other hair, such as pubic hair, is meant to prevent friction, and curly hair helps to prevent friction while also allowing heat to escape so your junk doesn't overheat."
] | [
"I lost about 90 pounds in the last year (about 185 now). I was hairy before, but you couldn't really tell on my arms for example because the hairs were actually spread out quite a bit. Now it's a lot more noticeable since the hair is denser (as in closer together) and appears darker than before. Same goes for face... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
difference between dedicated game servers and normal peer to peer hosting? | [
"When you connect on a p2p game, where one of the players is considered the server, you have to deal with whatever kind of internet connection that person may have(i.e. my 7d/1uMbps). Whereas for a dedicated server, everyone connects to a server thats likely in a datacenter where they can afford gigabit up/down int... | [
"Servers. Some minecraft servers with thousands of people online at once require up to 200 GB of RAM"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do so many law enforcers/military personnel support their governments during popular uprising? | [
"I'm 61 years old. I served for six years in the United States Marine Corps. (During the Viet Nam era, but not in country) At no time in my life, under any but the most absolute circumstances (i.e. committing murders) would I fire upon students in my own country. If I were ordered to shoot students for standing in ... | [
"They don't want to be known as the perpetrator of millions of deaths and ethnic cleansing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What "secret" societies exist and what are their purpose? | [
"Those are no secret societies since you can name them. And we can't tell you about the real secret societies because, well, that's a srcret that we don't know about. Now, as for their goal. The usual, global domination, power over the masses, controlled consumerism, money, power, and on rare occasions destruction ... | [
"The Illuminati, contrary to the current top comment, are not a fictional group of people. Whether they still exist today is debatable, but they were at one point a very real, and semi-secretive group of men (lead by Adam Weishaupt) who formed an order of sorts with the stated intent of bringing \"Illumination\" to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why is the Holocaust studied more than the Japanese war crimes during WW2 | [
"We (the US) identify more with Europeans because that's our background. Asians killing Asians is almost too abstract for us to sympathize with."
] | [
"Unfortunately events like this aren't talked about as much as they should be because very few people in the West knew about them at the time, because we never really put any forces into China. Plus the world was focused on the Nazi Horror because of the Nuremberg Trials being televised, and the Final Solution dwar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
What happens to the water content of an egg that has been hard-boiled? | [
"Most of an egg white is water and most of what isn't water is protein. When you cook the egg white and it becomes opaque and semi solid, it's not because you dehyrdrated the egg white, but rather because the proteins were denatured and have unfolded and refolded in such a way as to trap the water it contains in a ... | [
"The food is placed in some kind of container, which in turn is placed in a bowl of water. The egg gets burned, and the heat is absorbed by the water inside the bowl. From the difference in temperature of the water you can calculate the energy / calories of the food in question."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
where did the video game term "boss" (referring to enemies much more difficult than average) come from and why is it still so prevalent? | [
"Because the \"boss\" was generally the person in charge of the operations in a game or level. Much like a boss is in charge of employees in a workplace. This then came to mean any enemy that was significant to the story, completion of the level, or was simply significantly stronger and/or unique. For instance, the... | [
"Not sure about stans, since I've never seen anyone call themselves that. With Otaku, most western people have probably only had exposure to that word through the anime they watch. The anime I've seen don't really make it seem like a terrible thing to be called. It seems more like a word used to tease people, rathe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Wierdness of the binomial distribution | [
"> Six heads out of ten coin tosses is a perfectly acceptable outcome. In my head, that would mean six hundred heads out of a thousand tosses is the same, Well, you can make a similar argument that leads to a ridiculous conclusion: *One heads out of one tosses is a perfectly normal outcome. In my head, that would m... | [
"Arbitrary, likely measured from FPOC with the surface."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
Why is solar system is much or less like a plane but not a sphere? | [
"When you've got a system forming you've got a huge cloud of stuff moving in many ways. If you add up all the ways 'everything' is moving, some way obviously comes out ahead. So you've got a direction with net motion. Now, a sphere with stuff moving every which way has a significant consequence, you have a lot of p... | [
"Yeah, planets orbit the Sun the same way a satellite orbits Earth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why aren't we using nuclear batteries? | [
"Chernobyl happened and scared the shit out of enough people that it severely set back nuclear power."
] | [
"Yes is theoretically possible. Build safe nuclear plants and renewable energy supplies. Convert everyone to electric powered cars. Stop building war machines. Disband all armies. Put them to work building infrastructure. It will not happen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How does a 911 responder distinguish between a silent distress call and a butt dial? | [
"I would assume they do not make such a distinction. They would/should send police to the location of the phone call to investigate. If it was a \"butt dial\" that is a false call and they could be given a warning or given a ticket depending on the discretion of the police."
] | [
"It is very, very easy in this day and age to use software to make a phone call from either an anonymous number or spoofing a number. Even an anonymous call would have to be taken seriously by a 911 operator since obviously they can't risk the chance of not acting on a reported hostage situation. 911 operators are ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Telecommunications:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Telecommunications:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Telecommunications:"
} |
Why do french fries suck when reheated? | [
"When you reheat them, they lose a lot of their water content. This makes them even more \"starchy\" than they already are, and changes their texture when you chew them."
] | [
"It doesn't, if you reheat it the right way. (Stop using the microwave.) In fact, I actually prefer some foods the next day. Lasagna is so much better on day 2, freshly reheated out of the oven."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Food:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Food:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Food:"
} |
Why on iPhone, when you take pictures it flips them around while on Snapchat it keeps them the way you took them? What’s the point of flipping it? | [
"I believe _both_ are showing you a flipped version while you preview the picture. They show you the mirror version because that's the main way most people have looked at themselves in their life — otherwise most people would have a more difficult time arranging themselves for the photo because everything would be ... | [
"They don't? Hold the phone sideways and it will film proper video. There really is no difference, the phone films the same way no matter which way you hold it, it just detects which way you're holding the phone and rotates the final video accordingly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
The phrase "Down to a T". | [
"Historically the phrase is known as a shortened form of \"to a tittle\", which was a common expression used frequently by the English around the early 17th century. Basically it means \"to the smallest detail\". TL;DR -- Evolution of popular/common phrases over the course of time."
] | [
"The things that are touching get tangled. ELI25 Version: Pursue a Ph.D. in Material Science...we still don't have all of the answers."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do cross-country semi trucks constantly leapfrog / drive alongside each other on the highway thus impeding flow of traffic? | [
"Well first off your comment is a bit of an over generalization considering the tens or hundreds of thousands of trucks and MILLIONS of cars on the roadways every day. Some trucks have limiters controlling their maximum speed, others don't, and not all limiters are set to the same speed, so some trucks go faster th... | [
"You shouldn't pass *anyone* on the right side of a highway. It's illegal in most states. On a US 3-lane highway, the left lane is reserved for passing, the center lane is for regular travel, and the right lane is for exiting/entering the highway. Semi-trucks are restricted to traveling in the two right lanes. They... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can’t scientists develop a drug like NARCAN to assist people to recover from drunkenness quickly? | [
"Think of it this way. If a person takes opiates, there’s a little man inside that persons brain that is pushing the opiate symptoms button over and over. Narcan covers up that button so he can’t press it, relieving the symptoms. Eventually he can get the covers off the button, so you have to re-dose with narcan, u... | [
"If you drink coffee every day to wake yourself up in the morning, you will eventually become addicted. How would this contribute to you becoming addicted to alcohol, tobacco or methamphetamines? They're completely different drugs with different effects, different feelings and, most importantly, different chemistry... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why does chalking the cue in snooker or pool make a difference? | [
"It is mainly due to friction. The chalk will increase it, in order for the club (not actually sure about the name) to make a good contact with the ball, otherwise it would slip."
] | [
"You need to put English in it. That is, you need to nudge the table so the ball doesn't run straight down the lane. The art is in being to do this without bumping the table so hard that you trip the tilt sensor and lose your ball."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Are those banner ads with ridiculous claims/prizes illegal? | [
"It depends on if a prize is actually available. Most all of them require you to sign up for trials and give out information. They can sell your personal information to pay for a prize and they can also get kick-bak money from the companies you sign up for trials with. If you sign up for enough trials and give out ... | [
"Sometimes advertisers purposely make their ads look like they're written by non-english speakers. I get spam on a daily basis with people pretending to be \"a young russian lady living in the boonies of ukraine. I love meeting your acquaintance on my profile\" and crap like that. They're trying to make it seem \"... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference between a destroyer, corvette, frigate, cruiser, etc.? | [
"Those are all names for classes of warship, but the details of what defines each class vary from era to era and from country to country. In general, though, corvettes are the smallest class, then frigates, then cruisers. Destroyers have the special role of anti-submarine warfare, and, in recent history, have been ... | [
"Did sailors generally know the name of the ships they're fighting?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is tuna the go-to canned fish when other species cost significantly less per pound? | [
"Tuna is a very very firm fleshed fish that takes well to preservation. It holds it's shape, texture, and flavor very well. The canning process, which involves pressure cooking at 15psi and temperatures around 250 degrees Fahrenheit, is very detrimental to proteins found in other fish species. You could can any fis... | [
"You are always going to pay more for fresh, high quality ingredients. Many vegan/ vegetarian items are also sustainably and organically produced. This may be in part because people who are vegan also tend to be more educated about what they are choosing to eat. An organic, local, grass fed high end cut of beef is... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do humans (seemingly) have more physical variations than other animals? | [
"I remember reading about this once. It isn't that we have more physical variations... It is that we can recognize a lot more within our own species than we can in other species. It has something to do with trait identification within the same species being a lot better than identifying traits outside of your speci... | [
"They don't \"try\" to do anything. They simply follow their inate behavior, which is to reproduce as effectively as possibly. A more pertinent question might be why would something like humans, which *do* have influence over their thoughts and actions, actively destroy enormous areas of their host environment ever... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
why does a USB device need to install a driver for each different port it's plugged in to? | [
"It's all down to a rarely used feature of USB, device serial numbers. If your device has a serial number, Windows will recognise it no matter what port you plug it into. However, if (like most devices) it has no serial number available via USB, then Windows will treat it like it was a brand new device and create a... | [
"The first USB standard required that a plug either be a dedicated master or slave device and this is why standard usb cables have different shaped plugs on each end. With later versions, it was decided that a device should be able to choose whether it is a master or a slave in certain circumstances, like to allow ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why is there a large backlash against movements like BDS (or other anti-israeli sentiment)? | [
"Israel was set up as a jewish state. A lot of pro Palestinian groups wish for Israel to not exist and that area be free from Judaism. Which is antisemitic. What it often comes down although condemning Israel actions is not really antisemitic, people who are antisemitic will boycott Israel so they are often confla... | [
"A student government resolution of this sort is purely a symbolic act with little to no effect in the real world. All they can do is politely ask the university to take action (a request that will be ignored). It looks like the resolution is part of a bigger campaign of antisemitic behavior by neo-nazis & anti-Isr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is a Double Envelopment? | [
"An Envelopment in the context of a military move is to go around the left/right side of the bad guys to attack stuff at their back. A Double Envelopment is when you go around to both the left and the right sides of the bad guys at the same time. It's tricky to pull off because the bad guys might just decide to ... | [
"Next Week's Theme: 'Royalty, Nobility, and the Exercise of Power' To be followed by: \"Eastern Europe\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
how do people like Selena Gomez get a kidney when there is a 5-10 year waiting list for non-famous people? | [
"The waiting list is for organs from strangers - like if someone is in a car accident and ends up brain dead, and if they consented (next of kin consented for them) to donate their organs, they go to whoever the most compatible recipient is closest to the top of the list. However, if someone is willingly giving up ... | [
"Iran allow this. The market is government regulated. Donors get paid between $2000 - $4000 for a kidney. If a donor ends up needing an organ transplant in the future they skip the waiting list of which there is virtually none anyway. Seems to be a great way to do it if you ask me!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
It's 92 degrees. Why do furry animals, like my dog and cat, like to lay in the heat and how are they not uncomfortable? | [
"Cats have a higher average body temperature than we do! We are 98.6 and they are at 101.5. Because of this, what is \"room temperature\" for humans is actually a bit nippy for cats. That's why cats like to hide in insulated spaces like boxes, or lay in the sun. Cats are perfectly comfortable in 85 degree weather w... | [
"I must know the answer to this as well. Damn dog doesn't know how to just shit and get off the pot in 30 degree weather. She could care less that my toes are frozen and I must get back to Reddit!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
what's the difference between cigarette types ex white, blue, red | [
"Reds are your standard cigarette. Full-flavor tobacco and that's it. Blues or golds are usually lights. They have a milder flavor than reds. Greens are almost always menthols. They have a minty flavor and cool your throat as you smoke them. Beyond that it varies from brand to brand. I usually smoke blue American S... | [
"Usually honeyrose herbal cigarettes. Chocolate flavored, nicotine free. In sons of anarchy however, they smoke American Sprits"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Would every one of my individual sperm create a totally different human being? | [
"You only have a finite amount of DNA, so there's an infinitesimally small chance that two sperm could have the same exact DNA and therefore create two genetically identical, non-twin offspring (of course, that's assuming genetically identical eggs were used as well). About why: As you know, you have two copies of ... | [
"It is largely genetic. Bear in mind you other get genes from your father, which will equally contribute to your breast size."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why are some animals easier to domesticate for farming/pets? | [
"They're easier to domesticate if they're easier to breed. Domesticating an animal is selectively breeding it for some traits. One of those traits is docility. This means animals with either faster breeding or animals with more offspring are *usually* easier. With those conditions we're able to bottleneck faster an... | [
"Chickens were originally domesticated in East and South Asia but pretty quickly spread across the rest of Afro-Eurasia. In the last few centuries they've become a much bigger part of people's diets because they're incredibly cheap to raise compared with pigs, cows, or other sources of meat."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why can't we use technology and innovation to break our dependence on oil? | [
"We can. We are. It takes time. Let's just talk about Autos. It'll take years for the technology to be developed and for it to catch up to what gas powered technology does very well."
] | [
"Yes is theoretically possible. Build safe nuclear plants and renewable energy supplies. Convert everyone to electric powered cars. Stop building war machines. Disband all armies. Put them to work building infrastructure. It will not happen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does my phone charge so much quicker when it's charging in my car (12V DC) compared to a wall charger at home (240V AC)? | [
"Voltage ahs nothing to do with that. You should look at the Ampere output (the A value of your charger). The bigger the better."
] | [
"The power sources are not necessarily the same. Yes, they'll all provide 5V over the USB connection, but phone chargers are often limited to 1 Amp of current \"draw\" and tablet chargers/\"fast\" chargers will allow current and voltatges above the USB specification. The most common is 5V @ 2.1Amps, but the Samsung... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do we get eye crust when we wake up in the morning? | [
"Finally when I can answer, so if you look closely at the corner of your eye where your eye boogers form there's a small hole that hole is called a punctum it is directly connected to your sinuses that's why if you pinch your nose and close your mouth and forced air up from your lungs air will come out of your eyes... | [
"Your face is swollen when you wake up from sleeping? You might want to stop sleeping hanging upside down, mate."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do warm-blooded animals actually produce body heat? | [
"using \"exothermic\" chemistery \\(reactions that release heat\\) and by muscle movement \\(which again uses up a lot of molecules in exothermic reactions as well as friction between the muscle cells during movement\\) Energy is usually stored as fat. Fat gets converted back into glucose which your body can use to... | [
"Yes. Fat is insulation that helps keep you warm. Many animals in colder environments use layers of fat to maintain warmth."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
in the UK what causes the difference between the soft water of the North and the hard water of the South? | [
"Hard water is water that's got minerals dissolved in it -- calcium-based, a lot of the time. Soft water doesn't have those minerals in it. If you're getting your water from the city, they process it to remove minerals. Minerals come out of the water a bit, which means replacing pipes, so people dislike them. If yo... | [
"Because it take a lot of energy to take the salt out of water, and energy is expensive. It can make sense in wealthy places of high population in a desert, like Dubai, for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the german economy so much more robust than in other EU countries? | [
"I believe Tony Blair (former PM of the UK) asked This very question to the current PM of Germany. The answer was '...because, Mr. Prime Minister, we still make things in Germany.' This anecdote goes a long way towards explaining why Germany is such a powerhouse in Europe. German exports are highly prized for thei... | [
"Gas prices in the USA are much lower than in other industrialized countries."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Economics:"
} |
Why doesn’t the judge decide verdicts in major cases, leaving it up to a jury, but in minor cases they do? | [
"In the US any accused person always has the right to a jury trial in a criminal case, regardless of the severity of the charge."
] | [
"The accused has a right to confront their accusers and to attend their own trials. So it's pretty obvious to all involved, when it comes to race, gender, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do e-signatures work? Couldn't anyone type anyone's name? | [
"Sure, almost anyone could write down someone else's name. Just like almost anyone can write down someone else's name on a paper contract. But when you check the box saying that you are signing your name, and then you type in Barack Obama instead of Cody6781, you have little defense. You can't plausibly claim you w... | [
"Faking a signature is actually sort of hard. Assuming they actually bother to check, most people have a unique signature that is difficult to mimic. Plus for REALLY important stuff, you need a Notary or Lawyer to witness the signature anyway. That's one of the primary functions of a notary."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does tobasco or products like tobasco stop congestion of the sinuses? | [
"Spicy things are measured in Scoville heat units or SHUS. When something is spicy to us our body tries to cool the internal heat the only way it knows how, mucus. Much like when hot wings make your nose run, so will Tabasco and water help loosen your sinus. The higher the SHU, the more intense the heat and the mor... | [
"Sounds to me like an alergic reaction. Does it happen with apple juice? stop eating apples. You risk tightening your esophagus if you really are allergic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does VR work? How is the piece of cardboard, lens and magnet allowing me to see a virtual world? | [
"To add a bit to the explanation of /u/ConciselyVerbose the headtracking adds a bit to it. When in a VR world, your mind starts to see all kinds of weird things which don't check out. Just having 3D is not enough. But when you turn your head and the world you see turns with you, that is confirmation for your mind t... | [
"Virtual reality is looking into a computer generated world you interact with your digital avatar. So technologies like oculus rift, vive, samsung gearVR, Haptic gloves, Omni VR treadmill, etc. Augmented reality is basically adding digital objects to our current real world. This can be superimposed onto physical ob... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why don't countries have a universal name in all languages? | [
"I guess these questions are going to be raised more and more now that we're in such an interconnected world and we can talk so easily to people from different nations. But historically we tended to talk to people within our own locality, so nomenclature (the naming of things) only had to be locally agreed in order... | [
"To be fair, we don't have a universally standardized way of writing English in English speaking countries."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
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