query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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Deficiencies in the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase are likely to lead to which of the following? | Glucose-6-phosphate is required in the liver in order for this organ to supply the rest of the body with glucose that has been produced by hepatic gluconeogenesis or released from stored hepatic glycogen. A deficiency in glucose-6- phosphatase leads to the most common of the glycogen storage diseases, von Gierke's dise... | 10,900 | medmcqa_train |
Cadmium can cause all cancer except- | Cadmium can cause lung cancer and possibly has also been related to prostate cancer.
Cadmium has also been linked to cancer of breast, kidney, pancreas and urinary bladder.
Lung cancer is caused by inhaled cadmium while other are due to ingestion. | 10,901 | medmcqa_train |
An 18 year old female patient reports for her routine orthodontic appointment. 1st premolars from all quadrants had been extracted at the beginning of treatment. Her current status reveals 3 mm of space between the canines and 2nd premolars in all quadrants. Class II elastics were initiated to close these spaces. The t... | In 1893, Henry A. Baker introduced intermaxillary rubber bands to correct protrusions. His method came to be known as “Baker anchorage.” Class II elastic acts to correct a Class II relationship by providing a retraction force to the upper anterior teeth and a simultaneous protraction force to the lower molars. | 10,902 | medmcqa_train |
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been isolated from many body fluids. Which of the following is a major source of transmission? | HIV has been isolated from blood, semen, vaginal secretions, saliva, tears, breast milk, CSF, amniotic fluid, and urine. It is an extremely fastidious virus that ordinarily is transmitted only after repeated admixture of body fluids. Blood and semen are by far the major transmission fluids. | 10,903 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following reflects wavelength (nanometers) of Laser used for shaping cornea in refractive surgery: | A i.e. 193 - Corneal reshaping refractive procedures such as photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), laser assisted epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), & laser assisted insitu keratomileusis (LASIK), used to correct refractive errors (myopia and hypermetropia), are ultraviolet-photoablation procedures using Excimer (also k/a... | 10,904 | medmcqa_train |
Biotin may be used for treatment of which of the following conditions? | Biotin is a cofactor for carboxylase, so it can be used in the treatment of multiple carboxylase deficiency. Maple syrup urine disease- Thiamine Methylmalonic acidemia- Vitamin B12, L- carnitine, Metronidazole Phenylketonuria- Tetrahydrobiopterin | 10,905 | medmcqa_train |
The significance of difference between propoions can also be tested by- | * Chi-Square test offers a method of testing the significance of difference between the propoions. * Its advantage lies in the fact that it can also be used when more than two groups are to be compared. * By using this test, we can find out if the difference between two propoions or ratios has occurred by chance. The s... | 10,906 | medmcqa_train |
Most of the viral infections present as | (Refer: AK Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 6th edition, pg no. 74 - 75)*Most of the viral infections tend to affect the epithelium, both of the conjunctiva and cornea. So, the typical viral lesion is a Keratoconjunctivitis*Causes of viral conjunctivitis are:- HSV adenovirus, Picornavirus (enterovirus-70, Coxsackie... | 10,907 | medmcqa_train |
Most common tumor of eyelid is | Ans. a (Basal cell carcinoma). (Ref. Baily & Love, 25th/pg. 609)BASAL CELL CARCINOMA (BCC, rodent ulcer)# Basal cell carcinoma is the commonest form of skin cancer and typically affects individuals between the ages of 40 and 79 years; 50 percent are male.85 percent occur in the head and neck region.# Are thought to ori... | 10,908 | medmcqa_train |
The following is a feature of Korsakoff’s psychosis | Ref. Oxford textbook of Psychiatry. Page. 28
Anterograde amnesia is also observed in patients with Korsakoff syndrome.
Korsakoff syndrome is seen mainly in alcoholics who have a thiamine deficiency and often follows an acute presentation of Wernicke encephalopathy.
Wernicke encephalopathy presents with ocular palsie... | 10,909 | medmcqa_train |
Area of the brain is usually not involved in WernickeKorsakoff syndrome: Karnataka 11 | Ans. Hippocampus | 10,910 | medmcqa_train |
Rett's syndrome is characterized by - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Regression of language and motor milestones Rett's syndromeo Age of onset is around 5 months.o Development may proceed normally until 1 yr of age, when regression of language and motor milestones become apparent.o This is the characteristic features, that they begin to loose their acquired skills, e.g... | 10,911 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is treatment of Type I hypersensitivity | Sodium cromoglicate stabilises the mast cell membrane, inhibiting release of vasoactive mediators. It is effective as a prophylactic agent in asthma and allergic rhinitis, but has no role in acute attacks. It is poorly absorbed and therefore ineffective in the management of food allergies DAVIDSON&;S 22 ND EDITION | 10,912 | medmcqa_train |
Most common presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is: (JIPMER 2011 Repeat) | Ans: B (Cervical lymphadenopathy) Ref: Diseases of the Ear, Nose and Throat by PL Dhingra. 5th edn .2010 page 265Explanation:Nasopharyngeal CarcinomaMost commonly seen in the Chinese populationBimodal age distributionRisk factors are burning of incense sticks, preserved salted fish and decreased intake of vitamin CType... | 10,913 | medmcqa_train |
Which is true of ivermectin | Ref-KDT 6/e p813,814 Ivermectin is the drug of choice for onchocerciasis (river blindness) and strongyloidosis. It is also effective against other filarial worms It can also be used orally for the treatment of scabies and pediculosis. DEC is contraindicated in onchocerciasis | 10,914 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is stored in freezer? | Ans: d (Measles) Ref: Park, 19th ed, p. 95The two vaccines which must be stored in the freezer compartment are:* Polio* Measles.Vaccines which must be stored in the cold part but never allowed to freeze are:* DPT* TT* DT* BCG* Diluents.Nothing is kept in the door!All vaccines with the letter T are kept in the cold part... | 10,915 | medmcqa_train |
Most common joint to undergo recurrent dislocation is ? | Shoulder joint is the commonest joint to undergo dislocation.it occurs commonly in adults and rare in children. Anterior dislocation is common than posterior dislocation. Shoulder instability is term used when head of humerus is not stable within the glenoid. The instability may be uni or bidirectional. The instability... | 10,916 | medmcqa_train |
Rigor mois can be simulated by | A i.e. Cadaveric spasm | 10,917 | medmcqa_train |
Among the following, which of the following is/are the greatest contributors to global warming as a consequence of human activities and life style ? | Carbon dioxide is not commonly regarded as an air pollutant it is a natural constituent of air. It does not take pa in any significant chemical reactions with other substances in the air However, it could increase global temperature enough to affect climate markedly | 10,918 | medmcqa_train |
Dose of centchroman is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 30 mg Cetchroman (Saheli)o Ormeloxifene, research product of Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.o It is a potent non - steroidal compound with potent anti - estrogenic and weak estrogenic properties. It is taken orally (30 mg) twice a wreek for first three months then once a wreek.o It wo... | 10,919 | medmcqa_train |
The major clinical use of nimodipine is in ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Subarachnoid haemorrhage Nimodipine selectively relaxes cerebral vasculature, approved for prevention and treatment of neurological deficit due to cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage or ruptured congenital intracranial aneurism. | 10,920 | medmcqa_train |
A child presented with Intermittent episodes of left sided flank pain. Ultrasonography reveals large hydronephrosis with dilated renal pelvis and coical thinning with a normal ureter. Kidney differential function was observed to be 19% which of the following is the best management | Pyeloplasty is performed to treat an uretero-pelvic junction obstruction if residual renal function is adequate There are different types of pyeloplasty depending on the surgical technique and patterns of incision used. These include the Y-V, Inveed &;U&;, and Dismembered types of pyeloplasty. The dismembered type of p... | 10,921 | medmcqa_train |
Wavelength of carbon dioxide laser is? | Ans- A 10600 nm Ref- CO2 Lasers Definition: infrared lasers based on a gas mixture in which light is amplified by carbon dioxide molecules The CO2 laser (carbon dioxide laser) is a molecular gas laser based on a gas mixture as the gain medium, which contains carbon dioxide (CO2), helium (He), nitrogen (N2), and possibl... | 10,922 | medmcqa_train |
What is the disease in which these hand abnormalities are seen? | d. Marfan syndromeA - ArachnodactylyB - Steinberg sign (thumb tip extends from palm of hand, in a closed fist)C - Walker-Murdoch sign (thumb & 5th finger overlap each other, when opposite wrist is gripped) | 10,923 | medmcqa_train |
Regarding the sling procedure for Urodynamic Stress Incontinence (USI): | Ans. is c, i.e. Intrinsic sphincter deficiency is an indicationLets see each option:TVT acts by increasing urethral coaptation, kinking the urethra with the rise in abdominal pressure and not by elevating bladder neck hence option a is incorrect.TVT is made from polypropylene (marlex) or polytetrafluoroethylene (Gorete... | 10,924 | medmcqa_train |
A gravida 3 female with H/o 2 previous 2nd trimester aboion presents at 22 weeks of gestation with funneling of cervix. Most appropriate management would be: | <p> Cervical incompetency is the one of the cause for recurrent 2nd trimester miscarriage(20%) Management of cervical incompetence is by two types of operations named after Shirodkar and McDonald Reference:DC Dutta&;s textbook of obstetrics,8th edition,page no:199 <\p> | 10,925 | medmcqa_train |
Most common site for the osteoporotic veebral Fracture is : | *Most common symptom of osteoporosis is back pain secondary to veebral compression fracture. *Dorso - lumbar spine is the most frequent site. <img alt="" src=" /> * Other common sites of fracture are lower end radius and fracture neck femur. *Osteoporotic fracture are : (1)Fracture veebrae (2)Colle's Fracture (3) Fract... | 10,926 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following component of the eye has highest refractive index? | The refractive index of the lens coex is 1.386 while that of the lens core is 1.406. Refractive index of each component of the eye as an optical system Refracting medium Refractive index Air 1.000 Cornea 1.373 Aqueous humour 1.336 Lens(coex-core) 1.386 - 1.406 Vitreous humour 1.336 Ref: Parsons' Diseases of the Eye By ... | 10,927 | medmcqa_train |
The immediate treatment of unstable tibial plateau fracture is: | (Internal fixation with plate & screw) (720-ApIey's 8th)* Unstable fracture of Tibial plateau - In younger patient, and more so those with a central depression of more than 5 mm, open reduction with elevation of the plateau and internal fixation with a buttress plate is preferred.* Stable fracture - depression is sligh... | 10,928 | medmcqa_train |
Content of superficial perineal pouch ? | Bulbospongiosus | 10,929 | medmcqa_train |
The Basal Electrical Rhythm occurs in all pas of GIT, EXCEPT: | Except in the esophagus and the proximal poion of the stomach, the smooth muscle of GIT has spontaneous rhythmic fluctuations in membrane potential between about -65 and -45 mV. Basic electrical rhythm (BER) is initiated by the interstitial cells of Cajal, stellate mesenchymal pacemaker cells with smooth muscle-like fe... | 10,930 | medmcqa_train |
All are present in mild dehydration, except ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Dry tongue | 10,931 | medmcqa_train |
Ketamine is contraindicated in all except- | In contrast to other anesthetics, ketamine increases aerial blood pressure, hea rate and cardiac output. This is because it is sympathomimetic. Accompanying there changes true is increase in pulmonary aery pressure and myocardial work. Thus should be avoided in - Coronary aery disease Uncontrolled hypeension Congestive... | 10,932 | medmcqa_train |
In rabies, human diploid cell culture vaccine for post-exposure vaccination is given on the following days - | Post exposure prophylaxis(HDCV) requires 5 or 6 doses on 0,3,7,10,14,30&Optionally90. REF:<\p> ANATHANARAYANAN MICROBIOLOGY NINTH EDITION PAGE.531 | 10,933 | medmcqa_train |
Malignant gastric ulcers are characterized by A/E ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ulcer extends beyond the gastric wallo In malignant ulcers mucosal rugae stop far of the ulcers whereas in benign ulcers mucosal rugae projects outwards from the margins of the ulcer | 10,934 | medmcqa_train |
Wilson disease all are true except - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Raised ceruloplasmin level Wilson diseaseo Autosomal recessive.o Degenerative changes in brain, liver and KF ring in cornea (Descement membrane),o Defect in Copper metabolism (copper toxicosis).o Best screeing test is to measure serum ceruloplasmin,o Decrease ceruloplasmin in WDo Failure of copper to ... | 10,935 | medmcqa_train |
‘Dipstick Test’ for rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum is based on | ‘Dipstick Test’ is used for the rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf)
– Is a ‘rapid whole blood immuno-chromatographic test’
– Uses 2 antibodies specific for ‘Pf Histidine Rich Protein II Antigen’
– Is a ‘antigen capture assay’ – Colloidal gold is used in the test card
– Gives results in 3 – 5 minutes
– Specifi... | 10,936 | medmcqa_train |
20 years old female with complaints of nausea, vomiting, dizziness and pain in the legs. Her physical examination and all lab investigations and radiological investigations are normal. What would be the most probable diagnosis? | Here the patient presents with multiple, medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). This is an example of Somatisation Disorder. In somatoform pain disorder the major symptom will be unexplained chronic pain, which is usually isolated. Patients have a long history of complaints of severe pain out of propoion to any biomedic... | 10,937 | medmcqa_train |
In a child with hyperophied adenoids, the voice abnormality that is seen is | HYPONASALITY (RHINOLALIA CLAUSA) It is lack of nasal resonance for words which are resonated in the nasal cavity, e.g. m, n, ng. It is due to blockage of the nose or nasopharynx. Ref:- Dhingra; pg num:-315 | 10,938 | medmcqa_train |
In acute anterior uveitis, the pupil is | Pupillary signs in acute iritis: 1. Narrow pupil: It occurs in an acute attack of iridocyclitis due to irritation of sphincter pupillae by toxins. Iris edema and engorged radial vessels of iris also contribute to making the pupils narrow. 2. Irregular pupil shape: It results from segmental posterior synechiae formation... | 10,939 | medmcqa_train |
These instruments are used for the surgery of | CHALAZION CLAMP is used to fix the chalazion and achieve haemostasis during the incision and curettage operation CHALAZION SCOOP it is used to scoop out contents of the chalazion during incision and curettage. | 10,940 | medmcqa_train |
A mother brought her child which has got a vascular plaque like lesion over the lateral aspect of forehead mainly involving ophthalmic and maxillary division of trigeminal nerve. Mother says that the lesion remains unchanged since bih. Also mother gives a history that the child is on valproate for seizure disorder. The... | C i.e. Sturge -Weber Syndrome Vascular plaque (capillary malformation) over lateral aspect of forehead mainly involving ophthalmic (VI) and maxillary (V2) division of trigeminal nerve and sezuresQ suggest diagnosis of Sturge-Weber syndrome (encephalo-trigeminal angiomatosis). | 10,941 | medmcqa_train |
Ductopenia seen in | Ans. (b) Alagille syndromeRef: Internet Sources* Alagille syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder affecting liver and heart commonly.* Bile duct paucity is the common manifestation which results in Cirrhosis and Liver failure | 10,942 | medmcqa_train |
X–ray detect congenital anorectal malformation at – | An X-ray film of the abdomen is obtained 12-24 hours after birth, with baby being kept in an inverted position. | 10,943 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following anti hypertensives act by decreasing heart rate only? | Ans: a (Propranolol) Ref: Katzung, 10th ed, p. 160Beta blockers decrease heart rate, force of contraction and cardiac output, this leads to decrease in blood pressure.Drugs used in hypertension are:1) Diuretics - Low-dose thiazide diuretics are often used as first-line agents, alone or in combination with other antihyp... | 10,944 | medmcqa_train |
True about hepatitis A virus - | Hepatitis A leads to cirrhosis of the liver REF:ANANTHANARAYANAN TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9EDITION PGNO.541 | 10,945 | medmcqa_train |
Which statement regarding glaucoma is true? | Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. When sufficient axinal loss occurs, peripheral vision declines. Loss of central vision occurs much later in the disease process. Retinopathy due to glaucoma is irreversible. Treatment is focused on lowering intraocular pressure. Reduction in intracec... | 10,946 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are features of mumps, except: | d. Incubation period is less than 2 weeks(Ref: Nelsons' 20/e p 1552-1553, Ghai 8/e p 217-218)Mumps virus is a single stranded RNA virus in the family Paramyxoviridae and the genus Rubulavirus. | 10,947 | medmcqa_train |
Biological clock of brain is located in | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Suprachiasmatic nucleus | 10,948 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following form the boundary of MacEwen's triangle except - | Mastoid antrum is marked externally on the surface by suprameatal (Mac Ewen’s) triangle. | 10,949 | medmcqa_train |
In Coronary aery disease the cholesterol level (mg/dl) recommended is: | In Coronary Aery Disease (CAD) the cholesterol level (mg/dl) recommended is below 200. Desirable High risk of Hea disease Total cholesterol <200 > 240 HDL > 60 <40 LDL <100 >200 TG <150 | 10,950 | medmcqa_train |
Sauce and cheese retinopathy is seen in : | A i.e.CMV | 10,951 | medmcqa_train |
Difficulty in laryngoscopy and intubation is seen in all except: | Modified mallampati classification 1 and 2 no difficulty Modified mallampati classification 3 and 4 difficulty in intubation. Mallampati classification - Standard for assessing the relationship of the tongue size relative to oral cavity. Rest all are predictors of difficult airway 1. Interincisor gap of <3 indicates in... | 10,952 | medmcqa_train |
Most common type of HPV associated with cervical cancer ? | Ans. is `c' i.e., 16, 18 HPV DNA of oncogenic types (High risk) in HPV-16, 18, 31, 33 and 45 - associated with cervical cancer HPV-6 and 11 (Low risk HPV) - associated with precursor lesions of cervical cancer (CIN) and Condyloma Acuminatum. In patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis, Squamous cell cancer develop... | 10,953 | medmcqa_train |
HIV integrase inhibitor is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Elvitegravir New drugs in HIV infectiono Etravirine is recently approved NNRTI. This is second generation NNRTI and is effective against HIV resistant to first generation NNRTI (Efavirenz, Delaviridine. Nevirapine).Fusion inhibitors (Entry inhibitors)o Enfluvtritide binds to Gp41 subunit of HIV envelo... | 10,954 | medmcqa_train |
Which derivative of fat soluble vitamin is functioning like a hormone? | Vitamin D is really a hormone: Vitamin D is not strictly a vitamin since it can be synthesized in the skin, and under most conditions that is the major source of the vitamin. Only when sunlight exposure is inadequate is a dietary source required. ts main function is in the regulation of calcium absorption and homeostas... | 10,955 | medmcqa_train |
Following are features of polycythemia rubra vera except - | <p>Polycythaemia rubra vera results in increased red cell mass,aerial oxygen saturation >92%, & raised neutrophil alkaline phosphatase scores.</p><p>Reference :Harsh mohan textbook of pathology sixth editionpg no 359.</p> | 10,956 | medmcqa_train |
Which cardiovascular change is physiological in last trimester of pregnancy - | Ans. is 'c' i.e. shifting of apical impulse laterally and upwards left 4th intercostal space .Due to elevation of the of diaphragm consequent to the enlarged uterus the heart is pushed upwards and outwards with slight rotation to left.Before concluding the answer let's seeOther physiological C.V.S. findings in pregnanc... | 10,957 | medmcqa_train |
Baby came for immunization for 1st time on 18 months. Which vaccine can be given: | Among given options only DPT Booster & OPV are given to child at 18 months of age in case of Delayed immunization. VACCINES & AGE LIMIT IN DELAYED IMMUNIZATION : Vaccine Age limit BCG, Hep B, Rotavirus, Pentavalent vaccine, fIPV, PCV till 1 yearof age. OPV, Measles, Vitamin A till 5yrs of age HiB till 6 years of age DP... | 10,958 | medmcqa_train |
Diabetic gangrene is due to: | Diabetic gangrene is related to: - Trophic changes from peripheral neuropathy - Ischemia as a result of microangiopathy and macroangiopathy (atherosclerosis) - Low resistance to infection because of excess sugar in the tissues | 10,959 | medmcqa_train |
Paneth cells - true is | INDERBIR SINGH&;S TEXTBOOK OF HUMAN HISTOLOGY-PAGE NO:276 Paneth cells These cells are found only in the deeper pa of intestinal crypts.they contain prominent eosinophilic secretory granules with the em paneth cells seen to contain considerable rough endoplasmic reticulum | 10,960 | medmcqa_train |
Frozen section examination demonstrates fibrosis and cystic spaces. Also seen are areas of compressed glands with a lobular orientation. The glands are lined by a single layer of epithelial cells with oval nuclei and regular arrangement. No true invasion of glands into the adjacent stroma is seen. This patient probably... | The lesion described is sclerosing adenosis. The tip-offs in the description are the references to compressed glands and lobular orientation. Sclerosing adenosis is a common component of fibrocystic disease, and occurs when fibrosis distos the normal lobular architecture. The result can be some fairly bizarre, but comp... | 10,961 | medmcqa_train |
Indications of surgery in Varicocele is/are: | Ans is a (Small testis), b (Pain), c (Oligospermia) | 10,962 | medmcqa_train |
An 11-year-old girl becomes infected with hepatitis A and experiences mild nausea for 1 week. On physical examination, she has minimal right upper quadrant tenderness and scleral icterus. Laboratory findings include a serum AST of 68 U/L, ALT of 75 U/L, and total bilirubin of 5.1 mg/dL. Her laboratory findings most lik... | Irreversible cell injury is associated with loss of membrane integrity. This allows intracellular enzymes such as AST and ALT to leak into the serum. All other morphologic changes listed are associated with reversible cell injury, in which the cell membrane remains intact and the cells do not die. | 10,963 | medmcqa_train |
The gastrosplenic ligament is derived from which of the following embryonic developmental structures? | Embryonically the gastrosplenic ligament is derived from the dorsal mesogastrium. The gastrosplenic ligament is a made of peritoneum that connects the greater curvature of stomach with the hilum of the spleen. It contains sho gastric vessels and left gastro-epiploic vessels. | 10,964 | medmcqa_train |
Which one of the following inherited conditions causes direct hyperbilirubinemia? | C. Rotor syndrome(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 1937-1939)Disorders of bilirubin metabolismType of bilirubin elevatedDiseasesUnconjugated HyperbilirubinemiaCrigler-Najjar syndrome Types I and II (UDP GT gene mutation) Gilbert disease (UPD GT polymorphism)Conjugated HyperbilirubinemiaDubin-Johnson syndrome (multiple drug-resista... | 10,965 | medmcqa_train |
The following occlusal radiograph shows: | Intraoral Radiography
Sialoliths in the anterior two-thirds of the submandibular duct are typically imaged with a cross-sectional mandibular occlusal projection. The posterior portion of the duct may be demonstrated with an over-the-shoulder occlusal projection view, where the directing cone is placed on the shoulder a... | 10,966 | medmcqa_train |
Transplantation of which one of "the following organs is most often associated with hyper-acute rejection? | Hyperacute rejection is due to the presence in the recipient of preformed antibodies against HLA class I antigens expressed by the donor. Antibody mediated rejection generally occurs hours to days after transplantation. Kidney transplants are paicularly vulnerable to hyperacute graft rejection, whereas hea and liver tr... | 10,967 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are true about user of iodine except: | Ans. d. Its use is contraindicated in hypehyroidism | 10,968 | medmcqa_train |
A–13–year old boy is referred for evaluation of nocturnal enuresis and short stature. His blood pressure is normal. The hemoglobin level is 8g/dl.urea 112 mg/dl, creatinine 6 mg/dl, sodium 119 mEq/ dl, potassium 4 mEq/l, calcium 7 mg/dl, phosphate 6 mg/dl and alkaline phosphatase 300 U/I. Urinalysis shows trace protein... | Features seen in this 13 yr. old boy
Short Stature
Nocturnal enuresis
Normal B.P.
Reduced hemoglobin
Hyponatremia (N level in 136-145 meq/dl)
Hypocalcemia (N level is 9-10.5 mg/dl)
Normal potassium level (N is 3.5 to 5 meq/dl)
B/L small kidneys
Increased blood urea (N is 10 - 40 mg/dl)
Increased alkaline phosphates (N ... | 10,969 | medmcqa_train |
Metabolic alkalosis is associated - | Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis I. Exogenous HCO3-loads A. Acute alkali administration B. Milk-alkali syndrome II. Effective ECFV contraction, normotension, K+ deficiency, and secondary hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism A. Gastrointestinal origin 1. Vomiting 2. Gastric aspiration 3. Congenital chloridorrhea 4. Villous ad... | 10,970 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is usually bilateral carcinoma of breast? | Lobular carcinoma usually presents as bilateral condition. | 10,971 | medmcqa_train |
Most common cause of death in children <5 yrs age - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Respiratory infection "During 2006, about 17% of underfive moality worldwide was due to diarrheal disease, about 19% due to acute respiratory infection, 4% due to measles and 8% due to malaria". | 10,972 | medmcqa_train |
Type I muscle fibers are | Type 1 muscle fibres are present in slow muscle. They are red muscles because have greater capillary network. (REF: TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY GEETHA N, PAGE NO - 44) | 10,973 | medmcqa_train |
Digital clubbing is seen in all except- | Tricuspid atresia symptoms in children include: Cyanosis: a blue or purple tint to lips, skin and nails. Hea murmur: the hea sounds abnormal when a doctor listens with a stethoscope. .Abnormal shape of the fingeips ("clubbing") in older children. Finger clubbing is seen in aoic dissection Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 4... | 10,974 | medmcqa_train |
CD - 95 in apoptosis; the death receptors initiated through - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Induces apoptosis when it engaged by fas ligand system | 10,975 | medmcqa_train |
Branches of cervical part of facial artery are all except | Branches Of facial artery
i) Cervical part
• Ascending palatine to root of tongue and the tonsil.
• Tonsillar to tonsil.
• Submental to submental triangle and sublingual salivary gland.
• Glandular to submandibular salivary gland and submandibular lymph nodes
ii) Facial part
• Superior labial to upper lip
• Inferior ... | 10,976 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following pathologic findings is/are the strongest contraindication to breast preservation (lumpectomy with breast radiation) as primary treatment for a newly diagnosed breast cancer? | The only firm contraindication to wide excision and radiation (breast preservation, lumpectomy) as the primary surgical treatment for a newly discovered breast cancer is the inability to achieve an uninvolved surgical margin after excision of the tumor. A positive surgical margin requires, at least, reoperation with an... | 10,977 | medmcqa_train |
Cobalt is a part of which vitamin - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cyanocobalamin o Cobalt is a part of Cyanocobalamine | 10,978 | medmcqa_train |
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Dubin johnson syndrome Breast milk jaundice - Decrease bilirubin uptake across hepathocyte membrane. Entero-hepatic recirculation. Leads to indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Crigler naj jar & Gilbe syndrome (deficiency of glucuronyl transferase) <Type I - Complete deficiency Type II - Paial deficiency Decr... | 10,979 | medmcqa_train |
Which of these does not cause crescentic glomerulo nephritis - | There are some systemic diseases that are characterized by the formation of crescents. Systemic diseases such as Goodpasture's syndrome, SLE, Henoch-Schlein purpura come under type1 RPGN and they are associated with crescent formation. Alpo's syndrome is an x-linked dominant disorder and the light microscopy shows segm... | 10,980 | medmcqa_train |
If a mother is donating her kidney to son, this is an example of which of the following? | Donor and recipient are of same species and different individual : Allograft Donor and recipient are of same individual : Autograft Graft between different individual but of similar genetic makeup as in identical twins : Isograft Graft between different species : Xenograft For any organ transplantation, the single most... | 10,981 | medmcqa_train |
Commonest type of vitiligo – | Most common type of vitiligo is vitiligo vulgaris. | 10,982 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drug does not contribute to Digoxin toxicity | Refer kDT 7/e p 5116 Digoxin toxicity can induce literally every arrhythmia except for rapidly conducted atrial arrhythmias ( and ). The classic arrhythmias seen during digoxin toxicity include atrial tachycardia with a 2:1 conduction, bidirectional ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation with a slow ventricula... | 10,983 | medmcqa_train |
Sickness benefit under ESI is available for a maximum period of ________ days in a year- | Ans- (D) 91 days. Reference- Benefits The section 46 of the Act envisages following six social security benefits :- (a) Medical Benefit : Full medical care is provided to an Insured person and his family members from the day he enters insurable employment. There is no ceiling on expenditure on the treatment of an Insur... | 10,984 | medmcqa_train |
Formed visual hallucinations are seen in a lesion of - | Unformed (elementary) visual hallucination:- ocular disorders, disorders of the occipital lobe, migraine.
Formed visual hallucination:- Disorders of Temporal lobe, diseases of upper brain stem or thalamus (peduncular hallucinosis).
Note:- Temporal lobe lesions can cause → Auditory, visual (formed) and olfactory halluci... | 10,985 | medmcqa_train |
A 47-year-old woman develops accelerated hypertension (blood pressure 210/105 mm Hg) but no clinical symptoms except frequent headaches. Which of the following findings are most likely on examination of the fundii? | (b) Source: (Fuster, p. 1541, 1543)Cotton wool spots, hemorrhage, and papilledema are common. Fibrinoid necrosis occurs on the arterioles of many organs. Earlier manifestations of arteriosclerosis include thickening of the vessel wall. This is manifested by obscuring of the venous column at arterial crossings. | 10,986 | medmcqa_train |
1 Sv is | 1 Gy = 100 rads
1 Sv = 100 rem | 10,987 | medmcqa_train |
Which type of cattle poisoning occurs due to ingestion of LINSEED plant: | D i.e. Hydrocyanic acid | 10,988 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following presents with microcytic, hypochromic anemia: March 2013 (b, c) | Ans. B i.e. Iron deficiency anemiaIron deficiency anemiaIf the anemia is due to iron deficiency, one of the first abnormal values to be noted on a CBC, as the body's iron stores begin to be depleted, will be a high RBC distribution width, reflecting an increased variability in the size of RBCs.In the course of slowly d... | 10,989 | medmcqa_train |
Most common eye ball tumour is | Ans. is 'a' ie Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumour of childhood and the second most common of all age groups.MC primary malignant intraocular tumour of adults - Choroid melanoma* | 10,990 | medmcqa_train |
Virchow's Triad that predisposes to DVT consists of all the following except - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Increased platelet count Virchow's triado Hypercoagubilityo Changes in blood flowo Changes in vessel wallSome other important triads commonly askedo Charcots triad*(Seen in cholangitis)Jaundice, Pain & Fevero Virchows triad*(etiology of venous thromobosis)Changes in blood flow, Changes in vessel wall,... | 10,991 | medmcqa_train |
Intracellular accumulation of which of the following forms Russell bodies ? | Intracellular accumulation of immunoglobulins that can occur in plasma cells or RER forms large rounded , eosinophilic Russell bodies. Multiple aggregates of Russell bodies forms Mott cells. Dutcher bodies- single and usually large pale staining nuclear inclusions that are common in IgA myeloma. | 10,992 | medmcqa_train |
The most common intracranial site of hypeensive aemorrhage is: | Answer is A (Basal ganglia): The putamen (basal ganglia) is the most common site of hypeensive haemorrhage' - Harrison 16th/2390 | 10,993 | medmcqa_train |
Terminal heamaturia occurs in | (Prostatic urethra) (411, 434. S. Das-clinical surgery 7th)* Most common cause of haematuria is cystitis**Bladder stone - Heamaturia is characterised by the passage of a few drops of bright-red blood at the end of micturition and is due to the stone abrading the vascular trigone-a fact that also accounts for the pain (... | 10,994 | medmcqa_train |
Regarding antibiotics true are : | Surgical site infections or also k/a wound infections
are infections of the tissue, organs or spaces exposed by surgeons during the performance of an invasive procedure.
they are classified as below
Classification of Surgical Wounds
Clean Wound (Class I)
include those in which no infection is present; only skin micro... | 10,995 | medmcqa_train |
Schwannoma of spinal nerve roots is seen in? | Schwannoma is a benign tumor arising from Schwann cells of cranial and spinal nerve roots. NF-1 is associated with an increased incidence of schwannomas of spinal nerve roots. MC schwannoma is vestibular schwannoma or acoustic neuroma arises from vestibular poion of 8th cranial nerve. Patients with NF-2 have an inciden... | 10,996 | medmcqa_train |
Linitis plastica is seen in | (Carcinoma stomach) (557-Harsh Mohan 6th ,786-Robbin-Pathologic-Basis of disease 8th)Leather bottle appearance termed linitis plastica seen in gastric adenocarcinoma. Breast and lung cancers that metastasize to the stomach may also creat a linitis plastica- like appearanceSCIRRHOUS CARCINOMA (Linitis plastica) - the st... | 10,997 | medmcqa_train |
Ovulation in a women with 28 day cycle occurs at- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 14 days prior to mensturation o The length of the secretory' phase is remarkably constant at about 14 d, and the variations seen in the length of the menstrual cycle are due for the most part to variations in the length of the proliferative phase. Thus ovulation occurs 14 days before the start of next... | 10,998 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following does not belong to gestational trophoblastic tumour | Gestational trophoblastic diseases include : Hydatiform mole Invasive mole Placental site trophoblastic tumor Choriocarcinoma Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 180. | 10,999 | medmcqa_train |
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