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Mean hemoglobin of a sample of 100 pregnant women was found to be 10 mg% with a standard error of 1.0 mg%. The standard error of the estimate would he
0.1 Standard error of mean = Standard detion / lisample size = 1/ V100 = 1/10 = 0.1
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ICD-10 has how many chapters?
ANSWER: (C) 22REF: style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif; margin: 0 0 8pt 8px; text-indent: 0">Repeat from December 2009Remember Park 20th ed p. 46 has given only 21 chapters"ICD-10 was endorsed by the Forty-third World Health Assembly in May 1990 and came into use in WHO Memb...
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Magical thinking is seen in which type of personality disorder
* SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER * Ideas of reference (not delusions) * Odd beliefs and magical thinking * Unusual perceptual disturbances * Paranoid ideation and suspiciousness * Odd thinking and speech without coherence * SUPERSTITIONS/TELEPATHY * ODD DRESSING * ODD SPEECH LACK OF EMOTIONS Ref.KAplon and Sadock, sy...
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In monoclonal antibody production, monoclonal cells are differentiated from?
ANSWER: (C) Myeloma cell linesREF:Applications and engineering of monoclonal antibodies by David J. King page 17, A practical guide to monoclonal antibodies by J. Eryl Liddell, Anthony Cryer Page 69"A myeloma cell is classically defined as a neoplastic plasma cell in myelomatosis producing a structurally and electropho...
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Most important measure to prevent hospital infection -
Ans. is 'c' i.e.. Proper hand w ashing o There are following types of modes of transmission of hospital-acquired infections :Contact transmissionIt is the most common and most preventable means of transmission. It is divided into two types -Direct contact : It involves contact of body surface to body surface with a phy...
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Analysis of routine measurement aimed at detecting changes in the environment?
Monitoring is the performance and analysis of routine measurements aimed at detecting changes in the environment or health status of population.
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Involution of the uterus is completed by :
6 weeks
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Variant of Giant cell tumor is?
Chondroblastoma [Ref This is the best we could find, after long hours of search. "A chondroblastoma is a rare, usually benign, tumor of bone that accounts .for approximately I% of all bone tumors. In 1931, Cadman classified it as a chondromatous variant of giant cell tumors, when he described these lesions in the proxi...
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Gluten-sensitive enteropathy is most strongly associated with –
Almost all individuals with celiac disease share the major histocompatibility complex II HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8. Gliadin is deamidated by the enzyme transglutaminase and deamidated gliadin peptides bind to DQ2 and DQ8. Recognition of these peptides by CD4+ T cells leads to secretion of IFN-γ, which damages the intestinal w...
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Biuret test is used for detection of:
Ans: a (Protein) Ref: Vasudevan 4th ed/p.23, 24. 34.Biuret reaction:-* Cupric ions chelate with peptide bonds of proteins in alkaline medium to produce a pink or violet colour. This needs a minimum of two peptide bonds and so individual amino acids and dipeptides will not answer this test.* Biuret reagent - CuS04, sodi...
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False statement in collapsing glomerulopathy:
Ans. (c) There is noproliferation or hypertrophy of glomerular visceral epithelial cells(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 920; 8th/pg 928)HIV-ASSOCIATED NEPHROPATHY (HIVAN) is characterized by collapse of entire glomerular tuft along with proliferation & hypertrophy of glomerular visceral epithelial cells Q
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Integrin connects actin to which macromolecule in ECM?
Ans. C. Fibronectin > LamininIntegrins localized in the plasma membrane are the major adhesion receptor connecting cells with components of the extracellular matrix. Integrins interact directly with laminin and mainly fibronectin present in the basal lamina and intracellularly contact actin through intermediate protein...
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Mental retardation is diagnosed if. (Intelligence quotient) is less than
70
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Which of the following attains adult size before bih:
A i.e. Ear ossiclesAuditory (ear) ossicles attain full adult size at (or before) bihQ. Although mastoid antrum (air sinus) is well developed (& of adult size) at bih, but mastoid process & air cells develop later.
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Which organism causes toxin shock syndrome -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Staphylococcus aureus Toxic shock syndromeo TSS is a potentially fatal multisystem disease characterized by sudden high fever, fainting, watery diarrhea, headache and muscle ache.o There are two types of TSS1. Staphylococcal TSSStaphylococcal TSS results from the elaboration of toxic shock syndrome to...
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Contraindication for laryngeal mask airway is
LMA INDICATIONS : .Sho procedures where endotracheal tube is not necessary,Difficult airway , Cardiac arrest ,conduit for intubation, Contraindications Absolute :Complete Upper airway obstruction,Locked jaw relative : increased risk of aspiration like in full stomach, 2nd n 3rd trimester of pregnancy ,morbid obesity,Up...
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Which of the following disease is also known as diabetic diarrhea:
Ans. C. Coeliac DiseaseAutoimmune disease having associated diabetesa. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimoto)b. Celiac disease (Hence celiac disease is also known as diabetic diarrhea)c. Multiple endocrine deficiency syndrome
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Nerve injured in inferior dislocation of shoulder is:
Reference: Apley's System of Orthopaedics and Fractures 9th edition, Page 743Explanation:Inferior dislocation of the shoulder or luxatio erectaIt is a rare type of dislocation caused by forceful hyper abduction. which causes the humerus to hitch on the acromion and the humeral head to be levered out of its socket and d...
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A patient presents with history of episodic painful edema of face and larynx. Which of the following is likely to be deficient in this patient?
History of recurrent episodes of painful edema of face and larynx suggests a diagnosis of hereditary angioneurotic edema which is caused by deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor. C1 esterase inhibitor (C1 INH) is an alpha-globulin, which controls the first stage of the classic complement pathway and inhibits thrombin, pl...
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Which among the following causes 'thumb sign' on an X-ray lateral view of the neck?
Thumb sign is typically seen in acute epiglottitis due to swollen epiglottis. It is better appreciated in lateral view of neck. Normally, the epiglottis is quite thin in the anteroposterior (AP) dimension, resembling a little finger, whereas the abnormal, inflamed epiglottis appears shoer and has an increased AP dimens...
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For sputum smear to come positive on ZN staining there should be minimum:-
Sputum smear microscopy for tubercle bacilli is positive when there are at least 10,000 organisms present per ml of sputum. ZN staining in RNTCP: Acid fast bacilli of TB; 'Rod shaped' with 'beaded appearance'. >10,000 bacilli per ml sputum must be present for a positive result.
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Most common cause of chronic kidney disease
Most common cause - Diabetes mellitus
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Toad skin is seen in deficiency of vitamin ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., A o Here, essential fatty acid has not been provided as an option. So, amongst the given options vitamin 'A' is the best answer.
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All are true about cystic fibrosis except?
Ans. (c) Fasting hyperglycemia is a feature of early disease(Ref: Refer Ans 7 & 10; Nelson 19th/pg 1996; Robbins 9th/pg 466-470; 8th/pg 465-470)Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD)No diabetes is seen in CF patients younger than 10 yr while 40-50% show diabetes at >=20yr age;So diabetes is a late feature of CF, seen ...
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A 24-year-old woman has clear evidence of bipolar disorder. An adequate trial of lithium therapy has proved unsuccessful. Which of the following drugs would be most reasonable for her psychiatrist to prescribe next?
A recent development in the pharmacologic treatment of affective disorders, especially bipolar disorder, has been the use of anticonvulsant drugs. The first to be tried, carbamazepine (Tegretol) often is the next line of treatment for bipolar disorder for persons unresponsive to lithium therapy. Carbamazepine has vario...
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A 50 year old woman is presenting with bilateral solid ovarian tumors and has ascitis. Upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy reveals an ulcerative growth in pyloric region of stomach. The most likely diagnosis is:
The patient in this question having bilateral solid ovarian tumors with ulcerative growth in pyloric region of stomach is suffering from carcinoma of stomach with krukenberg's tumor. Krukenberg's tumors account for 30-40% of metastatic cancers to the ovaries, they arise in the ovarian stroma and has mucin filled signet...
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Which of the following is a less useful diagnostic procedure in a case of acute haematemesis?
Ans. Barium meal
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What is the acceptable angel of reduction for tibial fracture
Trafton&;s recommendation and strive to achieve less than 5 degrees of varus-valgus angulation, less than 10 degrees of anteroposterior angulation, less than 10 degrees of rotation, and less than 15 mm of shoening.
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Reservoir of Tetanus infection is
Soil is the Reservoir of: Tetanus Anthrox Coccidiomycosis Mycetoma
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Substance obtained from lipoxygenase pathway and shows chemotaxis to neutrophils is
Leukotrienes B4 obtained during LOX pathway shows chemotaxis and leukocyte adhesion. Arachidonic Acid Metabolites and their actions in Inflammation:-
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Methylene blue reduction test is done for estimating?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Bacterial activity in milk
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Commando's operation is for
It is en-bloc removal ,which includes wide excision of primary tumour with hemimandibulectomy and neck block dissection,examples : it is done usually in carcinoma of tongue or floor of the mouth ;it is a composite resection of primary tumour ,mandible and radical neck dissection(RND) SRB,5th,451.
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Digoxin toxicity is aggrevated by
Hypokalemia is usually observed with chronic toxicity or in patients taking diuretics; it reduces the rate of Na+/K+ ATPase pump turnover and exacerbates pump inhibition due to digitalis. Hyperkalemia is the usual electrolyte abnormality precipitated by digoxin toxicity, primarily in the acute setting Refer kDT 6/e p49...
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A pt. with psoriasis was started on systemic steroids. After stopping t/t pt. developed generalized pustules all over his body, the most likely cause is:
Ans. is 'b' i.e Pustular Psoriasis Pustular Psoriasis - It is generalized pustule formation which can complicate asArthritis*Exfoliation*Constitutional Symptoms *Conditions which precipitate pustular psoriasisSteroids *Salicylates*Iodides *
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MC commensal gut flora in adult -
In the human intestines, Anaerobes out number aerobic bacteria a thousand fold Among anaerobes Bacteroides are in predominant number in human gut flora.
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Which serum is used for testing streptococcal pyrogenic toxin?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Convalescent human serum Tests related to pyrogenic toxin (erythrogenic /Dick toxin) of streptococcus There were two historical tests which were used : i) Dick test : Intradermal Injection of toxin in a child produces erythematous reaction if he/she is susceptible to scarlet fever. ii) Schultz scharlt...
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Which one of the following medical disorders leads to delayed foetal lung maturity -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Diabetes o Maternal diabetes predisposes to HMD.
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Base of hea is at the level of which veebrae ?
Ans. is'c' i.e., T5 - T8
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True about adrenocoical carcinoma:
ADRENOCOICAL CARCINOMARare tumor>50% are functional.Cushing's syndrome is most commonly seen, followed by virilization.Capsular or vascular invasion is the most reliable sign of cancer.
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Superior pulmonary sulcus carcinomas (Pancoast tumors) are bronchogenic carcinomas that typically produce which of the following clinical features?
Pancoast tumors are peripheral bronchogenic carcinomas that produce symptoms by involvement of extrapulmonary structures adjacent to the cupula. These structures include the nerve roots of C8 and T1, as well as the sympathetic trunk. Interruption of the cervical sympathetic trunk leads to miosis, ptosis, and anhidrosis...
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Which of the following is the mechanism of action of local anaesthetic?
preventing channel activation and inhibiting the Na influx associated with membrane depolarization. Local anesthetic binding to Na channels does not alter the resting membrane potential. With increasing local anesthetic concentrations, an increasing fraction of the Na channels in the membrane bind a local anesthetic mo...
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What is epoophoron?
Epoophoron also known as organ of rossenmullar is a vestigal remanat of the cranial end of the mesonephros or the wollfian body. It is situated above the ovary. Caudal end of the wollfian body gives rise to paraoophoron situated between the uterus and ovary. It can form paraovarian cyst. Ref: Testbook of gynaecology By...
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A 10-year old child with Valvular hea disease on hea failure treatment, has the following ECG tracing. What is the diagnosis?
Hea rate of the patient is 50bpm . ECG tracing shows normal sinus rhythm alternating with premature ventricular contraction. This is diagnostic of ventricular bigeminy which is the most common arrhythmia seen with digoxin toxicity.
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What is deposited in band keratopathy
Answer- B. CaPO4Band keratopathy is characterized by the deposition ofcalcium and phosphorus salts (especially hydroxyapatite) in a bandlike pattern in the anterior layers of the cornea. The keratopathy is usually limited to the interpalpebral area. Symptoms include irritation, injection, and blurring of vision.Chronic...
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Common pathological changes seen in kidney in benign hypeension are -
Ans is 'a' i.e., Hyaline AeriosclerosisBenign hypeension o In benign hypeension, the pathological change affecting the kidney is hyaline aeriosclerosis.o Hyaline aeriosclerosis is seen in patients who are hypeensive for an extended period of time (blood pressure, 150/90 mmhg) but whose hypeension has not progressed to ...
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GLUT 5 receptors present in
Major Glucose TranspoersTissue LocationFunctionsGLUT 1Brain, kidney, colon, placenta, erythrocytesGlucose uptakeGLUT 2Liver, pancreatic b cell, small intestine, kidneyRapid uptake or release of glucoseGLUT 3Brain, kidney, placentaGlucose uptakeGLUT 4Hea and skeletal muscle, adipose tissueInsulin-stimulated glucose upta...
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Which of the following is not an epigenetic change?
Epigenetics Study of heritable gene expression without change in the nucleotide sequences. Major epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation Histone modifications Alteration in Chromatin Structure microRNAs Point mutation Changes the nucleotide sequence. Does not come under the definition of epigenetic change.
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Morula cell stage has how many cells?
Ans. B. 8-16MORULA FORMATIONa. After the zygote formation, typical mitotic division of the nucleus occurs producing two blastomeres.b. The two cell stage is reached approximately 30 hours after fertilization. Each contains equal cytoplasmic volume and chromosome numbers.c. The blastomeres continue to divide by binary d...
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True about Pseudoclaudication is
Psedoclaudication Or Lumbar canal stenosis OPaicular dermatomal pain, associated with motor weakness, OIncreases in standing long duration and relieved by the change in positions like leaning forwards. OAlso, pain is less on walking uphill but increases on walking downhill.
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True statement about great saphenous vein
The great saphenous vein is formed on the dorsum of foot by the union of the medial end of dorsal venous arch of foot and medial marginal vein of the foot. It runs 2.5 cm in front of medial malleolus It drains into femoral vein after piercing femoral sheath. It is accompanied by the saphenous nerve Reference: Textbook ...
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Which of the following is NOT a TRUE statement about fibrous dysplasia?
The polyostotic form typically manifests in children < 10 years of age and may progress with age. Good to know: Fibrous dysplasia: It is characterized by the replacement of normal lamellar cancellous bone by an abnormal fibrous tissue that contain small, abnormally arranged trabeculae of immature woven bone. It may aff...
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A neonate weighing 1500 grams is delivered at 33 weeks. Which of the following would be most appropriate method of nutrition for the baby?
Low-bih-weight (LBW) infants, including those with very low bih weight (VLBW), should be fed mother&;s own milk.hence,through orogastric tube or directly baby fed In babies weighing <1 kg at bih, sta nutritional feeds at 15-20 mL/kg/day and increase by 15-20 mL/kg/day. If the feedsare tolerated for around 2-3 days, con...
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NOT seen in heat stroke: Kerala 06
Ans. Hypovolemic shock
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Stocker's line is seen in
Ans is 'b' i.e. Pterygium Stocker's line is line of iron deposition in the corneal epithelium seen adjacent to the head of the pterygium.Pterygium and Pinguecula are degenerative conditions of the cornea.PingueculaAre areas of bulbar conjunctival thickening, near the limbus in the palpebral fissure area.These are trian...
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Peripheral pulmonic stenosis is associated with -
Williams-Beuren syndrome is associated with supravalvar aoic stenosis and peripheral pulmonary aery stenosis in the majority of affected individuals. Among patients in whom surgery for supravalvar aoic stenosis is contemplated, stenosis of the branch pulmonary aeries is common Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 450
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A 36-year female complaints of abdominal pain & constipation since 5 years. She has on & off rectal bleed when she tries to defecate forcefully. The most probable diagnosis is:
The findings are consistent with irritable bowel syndrome. Crohn's disease would typically have perianal fistulae while ulcerative colitis has periods of acute disease and quiescent periods: the acute periods are severe and may lead to significant impairement.
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Vitamin B12 absorption occurs in
Vitamin B12 is absorbed bound to intrinsic factor, a small glycoprotein secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa. Gastric acid and pepsin release the vitamin from protein binding in food and make it available to bind to cobalophilin, a binding protein secreted in the saliva. In the duodenum, cobalophilin is...
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Infectivity period of chickenpox is ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1 day before and 4 days after appearance of rash Period of communicability: Chicken pox: 1 - 2 days before to 4 - 5 days after appearance of rash Measles: 4 days before to 5 days after appearance of rash Rubella: 7 days before symptoms to 7 days after appearance of rash Mumps: 4 - 6 days before sympto...
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Which of the following x-ray should be advised for age determination between 1-13 years of age?
Ans. B. Wrist. (Ref. Essential Paediatrics by Ghai 7th/pg. 4;Parikhys 6/e, pg 2.10; Reddy 28/e, pg 72)To determine the skeletal age:A Radiograph of SHOULDER is most helpful= in infants between 3-9 months.A A single film of HAND & WRIST = adequate in childern between 1-13 years.A Film of ELBOW & HIP = in children betwee...
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A pt presented with pulsating varicose veins of the lower limb. Most probable diagnosis is -
Klippel- Trenaunay Syndrome: is characterized by Congenital AV fistulas Cutaneous hemangiomas Varicose veins Hyperophy of involved extremity The absence of deep venous system (so pathological superficial veins should not be removed without evidence of an intact deep system)
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Dryness of mouth dilated pupil & delirium are symptoms of :
D i.e. Dhatura
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A 12-year-old boy, after a camping trip near a wooded area in Northern California, is taken to the emergency room after complaining of a headache. He has an erythema migrans rash around what appears to be a tick bite. Which of the following is the antibiotic of choice for treating this patient?
Campylobacter difficile causes toxin-mediated pseudomembranous enterocolitis as well as antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis is normally seen during or after administration of antibiotics. One of the few agents effective against C. difficile is vancomycin. Alternatively, bacitracin can be used...
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Lacunar Reed Sternberg cell is found in which type of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Ref: Harsh Mohan, 7th ed. pg. 350Type of Hodgkin's lymphomaNodular sclerosisMost common type of Hodgkin lymphomaLacunar Reed-Sternberg cell variants in a mixed inflammatory background; broad sclerotic bands of collagen usually also presentCD15+, CD30+ Reed- Sternberg cellsMost common in young adults, often arises in th...
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Support of uterus -
Ans. is 'd', i.e., all of the above ,The uterus is primarily supported by the pelvic diaphragm, perineal body and the urogenital diaphragm. Secondarily, it is supported by ligaments and the peritoneal ligament the broad ligament of uterus o All are Supports of uterus. A Primary Supports: o Muscular or active support of...
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Floating tooth sign is seen in:
Floating tooth sign is seen with Histiocytosis x, because of erosion of bonyalveoli around the teeth.
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Wavelength of ND: Yag laser:
Ans. 1040 nm
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What is the approximate size of miRNA molecules produced by Dicer nuclease?
MicroRNAs : Small (22 nucleotides long) Endogenous, Non-coding RNAs Involved in regulation of gene expression by post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS)/RNA interference. Dicer is an endonuclease that trims small double-stranded RNA and generates sho, double stranded (ds) miRNA molecules that can block translation. ...
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Haemodialysis is most effective in treating poisoning due to:
Haemodialysis is used for the treatment of following poisoning: Salicylates, Boric Acid, Glutathimide,Methanol, Barbitutates, Thiocyanates.
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Lifespan of Cu-T 380A is: September 2011, March 2013
Ans. B: 10 years Copper-T 380A known as paraguard has a life span of 10 years Lifespan Progestase: 1 year Cu-T 200B: 4 years Nova T and LNG IUCD: 5 years Cu-T 380A: 10 years
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Myentric plexus is present in
Between the circular and longitudinal muscle layer lies the Auerbach plexus/ Myenteric plexus.
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Which of the following cardiac condition has highest maternal moality in pregnancy ?
Maternal moality associated with Eissenmenger's syndrome is 50%, and is also associated with high perinatal loss. In such cases, termination of pregnancy is indicated. Patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome have pulmonary hypeension with right to left shunt through an open ductus, ASD or VSD. Reference: Textbook of Obste...
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Protein efficiency ratio is
A. i.e. (Gain in weight / Protein consumed) (702- Rana Shinde 7th) (512 - U. satyanarayan 3rd)1. PROTEIN EFFICIENCY RATIO (PER) - consists of feeding weaning (21 days old) albino rats with a 10% test protein diet and recording the gain in body weight for a period of 4 weeks.Gain in weight of young animals per unit weig...
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Virchow's triad for thrombosis include all except ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Platelet thrombus Thrombosis o Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a blood vessel or hea, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. Then what is the difference between formation of normal hemostatic plug and thrombosis ? o When a blood vessel is injured, t...
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Azygos vein
(Ascends through the aortic opening in the diaphragm) (213-BDC-l) (128-Snell 7th)AZYGOS VEIN - The origin of the azygos vein is variable. It is often formed by the union of the right ascending lumbar vein and the right subcostal vein. It ascends through the aortic opening in the diaphragm on the right side of the aorta...
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The cold water treatment of burns has thedisadvantage that it increase the chances of ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Infection "The use of immersion hydrotherapy for wound management has substantatially decreased. A number of studies have shown that the infection rate is actually increased when patients are immersed in a tub because of the generalized inoculation of burn wounds with bacterial from what was previousl...
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Inferior turbinate is a:
The superior and middle turbinates are pas of ethmoid bone whereas inferior turbinate is an independent separate bone.
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Broncholithiasis is a feature of?
Cystic Fibrosis cause infections, recurrent pneumonia and bronchiectasis Parathyroid adenoma will cause calcification but not in the airway It causes nephrocalcinosis. Pulmonary lymphangio leiomyomatosis Hyperplasia of smooth muscle. Commonly seen in females Depends on estrogen Present with Pneumothorax, Pleural effusi...
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Cholangiocarcinoma histologically resembles ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Schirrhous type
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The most common malignancy found in Marjolin&;s ulcer is
Marjolin's Ulcer Low grade SCC, which develops on a chronic benign ulcer or a long standing scar tissue Arises from the edge of the ulcer. Marjolin's ulcer may develop in Post burn scar Long standing venous ulcer Chronic ulcer due to trauma. Chronically discharging osteomyelitis sinus Post - radiation ulcer Ref: schwaz...
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Best treatment for relieving pain during intrapartum period is:
Ans: B (Epidural anesthesia) Ref: Ajay Yadav Short Textbook of Anesthesia,1st edition, pg 123Explanation:Epidural (Extradural) anesthesiaThe epidural space is a potential space.It contains connective tissue, venous plexuses, and adipose tissue.It is found between the connective tissue covering the vertebrae and the lig...
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Water brash is a classic symptom of
Water brash is excessive salivation resulting from a vagal reflex triggered by acidification of the esophageal mucosa. This is not a common symptom. Afflicted individuals will describe the unpleasant sensation of the mouth rapidly filling with salty thin fluid, often in the setting of concomitant heaburn.When classic s...
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Nutrient which is lost maximum in polished rice?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Thiamine Effect of milling on rice The milling process deprives the rice grain of its valuable nutritive elements
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Which area is out of the blood brain barrier
Ans. is 'd' i.e. Area Postrema There are four areas which lie outside the blood brain barrier : these areArea postremaOrganum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT)Subfornical organ (SFO)The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) and the adjacent ventral part of the median eminence of the hypothalamus.These areas ar...
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Which among the following is the Glucocoicoid receptor blocker?
Mifepristone is anti-progesterone as well as mild glucocoicoid blocker.Ketoconazole, Mitotane, and Trilostane inhibits the synthesis of glucocoicoidsRef: Goodman Gillman 12th ed.Pg: 1184
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Clinical criteria of brain death is all except
C i.e. Absent spinal cord reflex Brain Death It is defined as irreversible cessation of all brain function. Spinal cord function below C1 may still be presentQ. Brain death criteria can be applied only in absence of hypothermia, hypotension, drug depressing brain function, neuromuscular blocking agent, endocrinal & met...
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Which of these drugs DOES NOT decrease angiotensin II activity:
Drugs that can decrease Angiotensin 2 activity- ACE inhibitors e.g. Enalapril Angiotensin receptor blocker e.g. Valsaan Combination of ACE inhibitor and NEP inhibitors e.g.Omapatrilat. Nesiritide- Recombinant BNP
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In a FAP patient which is an important CA risk
Ref: Robbins Pathology, 9th ed. pg. 809* Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disorder in which patients develop numerous colorectal adenomas as teenagers.* Robbins states: "Colorectal adenocarcinoma develops in 100% of untreated FAP patients, often before age 30 and nearly always by age 50"* A...
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Outer cell mass gives rise to
It consists of an inner cell mass that is completely surrounded by an outer layer of cells.the second.the cells of the outer layer will later give rise to a structure called trophoblast HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY-INDERBIR SINGH TENTH EDITION-PAGE NO:50
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A 32-year-old G3P2 woman at 35 weeks' gestation has a past medical history significant for hypertension. She was well-controlled on hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril as an outpatient, but these drugs were discontinued when she found out that she was pregnant. Her blood pressure has been relatively well controlled in t...
In the question patient has past history of hypertension which was controlled on diuretics and ACE inhibitors prior to pregnancy.Till date her B/P was normal, she was not using any antihypertensive and now all of a sudden her BP is 142/84 mm of hg and proteinuria is 0.35 g all this suggests a possibility of superimpose...
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Rosette shaped cataract in
Ans. C: Traumatic cataract Rosette Cataract: This opacity may occur as a result of concussion injury, under the anterior or posterior coex or both and may be complete or sectored with a flower peddle or feather shape. A very close estimation as to when the injury occurred by viewing the lens with an optic section and d...
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Point source epidemic is:
Ans. (b) Sharp rise and sharp fall in number of casesRef: K. Park 23rd ed. / 64, 93Types of Epidemics* Point source or single exposure epidemics# Sharp rise and sharp fall in number of cases# Clustering of cases in narrow spectrum of time# All cases develop within one incubation period of disease.# Ex: Food poisoning, ...
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medmcqa_train
Epithelium of ureter develops from
Epithelium of ureter developed from Mesonephric duct as the ureteric bud. Ref: Gray's 39e/p-1289
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Howell-jolly bodies are seen in: September 2005
Ans. C: Both of the above Howell-Jolly bodies are histopathological findings of basophilic nuclear remnants (clusters of DNA) in circulating erythrocytes. During maturation in the bone marrow erythrocytes normally expel their nuclei, but in some cases a small poion of DNA remains Howell-Jolly bodies are present in some...
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medmcqa_train
The advantage of this type of pancreatic drainage in pancreas transplant is:
Ans. (d) Physiological drainage* The image shows Enteric drainage of pancreas.* This is more physiological and there are less urinary complications.* Disadvantage is difficulty in measuring amylase level which is easy in bladder drainage.
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Not used for intravascular volume maintainence is
Answer- C. ErythropoetinErytheropoetin InjectionsErythropoietins available for use as therapeutic agents are produced by recombinant DNA technology in cell culture, They are used in treating anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease, chemotherapy induced anemia in patients with cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (Cr...
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medmcqa_train
reinforcrmrnt theory in management of behavioral issues was given by
Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and an...
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medmcqa_train
Which of the following agents is used for day care surgery?
Propofol produces quick induction(30 sec) and rapid recovery(4 min)from a single dose. Because of rapid recovery it is preferred for day cases. Thiopentone duration of action is 4-7min. And ketamine10-15min but amnesia lasts for 1-2 hours. From padmaja 4th edition Page no 194, 195, 196
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medmcqa_train
Shorest acting beta blocker ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Esmolol Nodalol is longest acting b-blocker. Esmolol is shoest acting b-blocker. Acebutolol possesses all activities i.e., cardioselectivity, paial agonist activity, membrane stablizing activity and lipid insolubility.
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All of the following are STD except:
Leprosy is not sexually transmitted.
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Functions of basal ganglia
B i.e. Skilled movement
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