query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|
The Second most important intracellular cation is | (A) Magnesium # MAGNESIUM is the second most important intracellular divalent cation and is involved in a variety of metabolic processes including glucose metabolism, ion channel translocation, stimulus-contraction coupling, stimulus secretion coupling, peptide hormone receptor signal transduction.> Normal concentratio... | 18,100 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following types of nerve fibers carry pain - | Ans- D. | 18,101 | medmcqa_train |
Tracheostomy done at which level | A 2-3 cm veical or horizontal skin incision is made midway between the sternal notch and thyroid cailage . It&;s a Open surgical technique. Ref- Dhingra 6th edition, page 317. | 18,102 | medmcqa_train |
Disease shown in this PFT is best characterized by | Restrictive disorders are characterized by low lung volumes. Diffusing capacity (DLCO) may or not be decreased in pulmonary fibrosis), a type of restrictive disease. A decrease in the forced expiratory volume in one second-forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio is the hallmark of obstructive, not restrictive, disease... | 18,103 | medmcqa_train |
Delayed prolonged bleeding is caused by | EndotheliumDirect injury to endothelial cells causes delayed prolonged bleeding because, endothelial cells are central regulators of hemostasis, the balance between the anti-and prothrombotic activities of endothelium determines whether thrombus formation, propagation or dissolution occurs.Robbins basic pathology 9th e... | 18,104 | medmcqa_train |
The Cerebellar coex contains all of the following cells except | Pyramidal cells are seen in cerebral coex | 18,105 | medmcqa_train |
Prudent diet is: | (Diet for dietary goal achievement) Prudent diet is diet developed by National nutrition and food policy for achievement of "dietary goal". The Prudent diet recommended by WHO is: * Dietary fat < 20-30 % of total daily intake * Saturated fat <10% of total energy intake. * Avoid excessive consumption of refined carbohyd... | 18,106 | medmcqa_train |
Ureters are identified during surgery by : | A. i.e. Peristalsis due to flow of urineUreters are muscular ducts situated retroperitonially & are identified by peristalsisQ | 18,107 | medmcqa_train |
Uterine artery is a branch of? | ANSWER: (B) Internal iliac arteryREF: BDC 4th edition page 387BRANCHES OF THE INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY:branches of anterior division: (6 in males, 7 in females)Superior vesicalObturatorMiddle rectalInferior vesical (in males)Vaginal artery (in females)Inferior glutealInternal pudendalUterine artery (in females)Branches of... | 18,108 | medmcqa_train |
Angular conjunctivitis is caused by: | A i.e. Moraxella Angular or diplobacillary conjunctivitis is caused by Moraxella lacunate or axenfeld Q (mostly) or staphylococci Q and presents with hyperemia of bulbar conjunctiva & lid margins near the angles (i.e. outer & inner canthi) with foamy mucopurulent discharge. It is treated with oxytetracycline Q or zinc ... | 18,109 | medmcqa_train |
A married middle aged female gives history of repeated aboions for the past 5 years. The prenatal karyogram of the conceptus is given below: This karyogram suggests the following: | Karyogram shows 3 chromosomes at 21 instead of a pair. It is called Trisomy 21. Trisomy 21 Synonymous with Down's syndrome Most common of the chromosomal disorders. Major cause of mental retardation. -Other trisomies Edward syndrome (Trisomy 18) Patau syndrome (Trisomy 13) Turners syndrome (45 X0) | 18,110 | medmcqa_train |
Which one of the following is characteristic of mitral valve prolapse syndrome - | Early diastolic murmurs sta at the same time as S2 with the close of the semilunar (aoic & pulmonary) valves and typically end before S1. Common causes include aoic or pulmonary regurgitation and left anterior descending aery stenosis. Mid-diastolic murmurs sta after S2 and end before S1. They are due to turbulent flow... | 18,111 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the Anti - TB drug can not be used along with Rifampicin | PAS decreases absorption of Rifampicin and hence can to be used with Refampicin. | 18,112 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following pathogenic mechanism is involved in the generation of sarcoidosis: | Pathogenesis of sarcoidosis: Unidentified antigen - CD4+ helper T cells - Non-necrotizing epithelioid granuloma Intra-alveolar and interstitial accumulation of CD4+ helper T-cells. Increase in Th1 cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-g, resulting in T cell proliferation and macrophage activation, respectively Increase in sev... | 18,113 | medmcqa_train |
Most common organism responsible for gas gangrene is: | MC cause of gas gangrene is Cl. perfringens type A. | 18,114 | medmcqa_train |
Leptomeninges is formed by: | Ans. B Arachnoid and pia materRef: Netter's Clinical Anatomy, 3rd ed. pg. 25* Meninx implies all three layers--dura, arachnoid and inner pia matter.* The dura mater is called pachymeninx.* The middle arachnoid and inner pia matter is called as leptomeninges.* The arachnoid does not follow the convolutions of brain and ... | 18,115 | medmcqa_train |
The facial nerve controls all of the following functions except: | Facial Nerve descends in the posterior wall of the middle ear, behind the pyramid, and emerges through the stylomastoid foramen into the neck.The greater petrosal nerve arises from the facial nerve at the geniculate ganglion.It contains secretomotor (parasympathetic) fibers to the lacrimal gland, submandibular and subl... | 18,116 | medmcqa_train |
In order to activate helper/inducer T (CD41) lymphocytes, macrophages release | Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a thymocyte mitogen produced by activated macrophages as well as many other types of cells (e.g., monocytes, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, neutrophils, microglial cells). It induces interleukin 2 production by the helper T cell, which initiates a cascade of immunoregulatory and inflammatory... | 18,117 | medmcqa_train |
C-Carbohydrate in Streptococcus hemolyticus is important for: | Ans. is 'a' i.e Lancefield classification Hemolytic Streptococci were classified by Lancefield, serologically into groups based on the nature of carbohydrate C antigen on the cell wallThese are known as Lancefield groups. Twenty of these have been classified from A-V without I and J.The other component of the streptoco... | 18,118 | medmcqa_train |
Histology of Alpo syndrome - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Foamy cells in interstitiumHistological characteristics of Alpo - syndrome :o Diffuse basement membrane thinningo Foam cell in interstitium -4 Due to accumulation of neutral fat and mucopolysaccharideo In advanced stage there is focal or global glomerulosclerosis.o Vascular sclerosiso Tubular atrophyo... | 18,119 | medmcqa_train |
Sudden onset of cough followed by increased dyspnea is typical of- | Causes of pneumothorax: 1. Primary spontaneous: a)rupture of apical blebs b)smokers 2.secondary : a)copd and any other lung disease 3. Traumatics secondary to thoracentesis,central intravenous catheters 4.tension pneumothorax: during mechanical ventilation may cause decreased venous return and decreased cardiac output. | 18,120 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following lymph nodes receive lymphatic drainage from testes? | Testicular lymphatics drain into the retroperitoneal lymph nodes; the right primarily into the interaoocaval area, the left into the para-aoic area, both just below the renal vessels. Lymph nodes of the testis extend from T1 to L4 but are concentrated at the level of the renal hilum because of their common embryologic ... | 18,121 | medmcqa_train |
Which reaction uses propionic acid ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Gluconeogenesis | 18,122 | medmcqa_train |
Dispersion of data is measured by -a) Coefficient of correlationb) Rangec) Standard deviationd) Coefficient of variatione) Normal distribution curve | Measure of dispersion (Variation)
Absolute: Range, Quartile deviation, Mean deviation, standard deviation.
Relative: Co-efficient of range, co-efficient of quartile deviation, coefficient of mean deviation, co-efficient of variation. | 18,123 | medmcqa_train |
A neonate presented with fever, lathargy, abdominal distension, Vomiting and constipation. Clinically he was diagnsoed as volvulus nenatarum with suspected perforation. Best investigation would be | .Volvulus neonatorum It is predisposed to by arrested gut rotation with a resultant narrow mesentry of the small bowel and caecum. Symptoms:repeated vomiting,dehydration,abdominal distension Abdominal radiography shows evidence of duodenal obstruction. Laprotomy shows distended stomach and coils of small bowel BAILEY A... | 18,124 | medmcqa_train |
Activity of factor VIII procoagulant is deficient in: | A i.e. HemophiliaHemophilia A is a disorder of coagulation occurs due to deficiency or reduced activity of factor VIII.FeaturesHemophilia A (Classical hemophilia)Hemophilia B (Christmas disease)DefectDeficiency of coagulant subunit of factor VIII i.e. VIIICfactor VIII=VIIIC + VWFDeficiency of factor IXQPathway ofcoagul... | 18,125 | medmcqa_train |
PKF-I Inhibitor | Phosphofructokinase (PFK) (step 3) of glycolysis is the most impoant rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis pathway. ATP and citrate are the most impoant allosteric inhibitors. AMP acts as an allosteric activatorRef: DM Vasudevan, Page no: 98 | 18,126 | medmcqa_train |
A 55-year-old woman following major abdominal surgery has had discomfort and swelling of her left leg for the past week. On physical examination, the leg is slightly difficult to move, and on palpation there is tenderness. A Doppler sonogram shows thrombosis of deep left leg veins. Which of the following mechanisms is ... | The most important and the most common cause of venous thrombosis is vascular stasis, which often occurs with immobilization. Calcium is a cofactor in the coagulation pathway, but an increase in calcium has minimal effect on the coagulation process. Aspirin inhibits platelet function and limits thrombosis. Nitric oxide... | 18,127 | medmcqa_train |
In α–thalassemia – | Alpha - thalassemia
People who do not produce enough alpha globin chain have alpha - thalassemia.
Alpha globin chain is made by four genes, each gene contributes to 25% of the a-globin chains.
The severity of a-thalassemia varies greatly depending on the number of α-globin genes affected -
I) Silent carrier state
S... | 18,128 | medmcqa_train |
A fundamental technique used in psychoanalysis is - | Psychoanalysis is based on the principle of free association, where the patient is asked to say whatever comes to mind. | 18,129 | medmcqa_train |
In a child ,Most of the speech is intelligible to strangers by the age of ____________ | Emerging patterns for language behaviour from 1-5years of age 15months Jargon Follows simple commands May name a familiar object (e.g., ball) Responds to his/her name 18months 10 words (average) Names pictures Identifies 1 or more pas of the body 24months Puts 3 words together (subject, verb, object) 30months Refers to... | 18,130 | medmcqa_train |
Mechanism of action thiazide is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Na+ Cl- synport inhibitor o Na+ absorption at different tubular sites.PT - 65-70%Asc. LH - 20-25%DT - 8-9%CD- 1-2%o Tubular absorption can be divided into four sites.Site I- Proximal tubuleo Four mechanisms of Na4 transport have been defined in this segment -1. Direct entry of Na4 along electrochemica... | 18,131 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the most common ocular complication with renal transplantation: | Ans. Cytomegalo virus retinitis | 18,132 | medmcqa_train |
Stain used for maturity assessment of amniotic fluid cells : | Nile blue sulfate | 18,133 | medmcqa_train |
A 20 year old man has a testicular mass, which on orchiectomy shows a malignant tumor with yolk sac differentiation. Which of the following tumor markers would probably be most useful in monitoring the patient for recurrent or metastatic disease? | Of the markers listed, alpha-fetoprotein is the best marker for non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testes, such as this patient's yolk sac tumor. Alpha-fetoprotein is also a good marker for hepatocellular carcinomas. Bombesin is a marker for neuroblastoma, small cell carcinomas, gastric carcinomas, and pancreatic... | 18,134 | medmcqa_train |
If prevalence of diabetes is 10%, the probability that three people selected at random from the population will have diabetes is - | Ref :Parks 23rd edition Prevalence = 10% So probability of selecting a person having DM = 10/100= 0.1 So probability of selecting 3 persons with diabetes = 0.1*0.1*0.1= 0.001 | 18,135 | medmcqa_train |
Anakinra acts as- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., IL-1 antagonist BIOLOGIC RESPONSE MODIFIER (BRMs)* Several recombinant proteins/monoclonal antibodies that bind and inhibit cytokines, especially TNFa or IL-1 have been used succesfully in autoimmune diseases like RA, IBD, psoriosis or scleroderma.A. TNF-a inhibitorsa. Etanercept# It is a recombinant ... | 18,136 | medmcqa_train |
"Fleischer ring" is a distinct feature of NOT RELATED-PATHOLOGY | . | 18,137 | medmcqa_train |
GLUT3 is seen in | GLUT 3 is a protein channal for facilitated diffusion of glucose it is seen in neurons | 18,138 | medmcqa_train |
Long term use of lithium causes - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hypothyroidism o Lithium can cause hypokalemia.Side effects of lithium1) Neurological: - Tremor is the commonest side effect of lithium. Other CNS side effects are giddiness, ataxia, motor incordination, hyperreflexia, mental confusion, nystagmus.2) Renal: - Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with polyuri... | 18,139 | medmcqa_train |
Derealisation and depersonalization are seen in which type of disorder | Derealization: Sensation of changed reality or that one's surroundings have altered. Usually seen in schizophrenia, panic attacks, and dissociative disorders Depersonalization: Sensation of unreality concerning oneself, pas of oneself, or one's environment that occurs under extreme stress or fatigue. Seen in schizophre... | 18,140 | medmcqa_train |
Maximum 02 concentration attained in venture mask is? | 60% REF: Ajay Yadav 2nd ed p.35 Equipment and oxygen delivered in % * Nasal canula - 44% * Venturi mask - 60% * Oxygen mask - 60% * Ventilators - 100% | 18,141 | medmcqa_train |
Diagnosis is: | Ans. C Right hydropneumothoraxCXR shows lucent (black) lateral aspect of right hemithorax with air fluid level in it-s/o hydropneumothorax. An expiratory CXR better than an inspiratory CXR for a diagnosis of pneumothorax. CT Thorax is IOC for pneumo/hydro- pneumothorax. | 18,142 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is a not member of HACEK group- | The HACEK groupinclude -Hemophilus parainfluenzae, Hemophilus aphrophilus, Actinobacillus (now Aggregatibacter) actinomycecomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikinella corrodens and Kingella kingae. These are gram negative pleomorphic bacilli which are capnophilic and have fastidious growth requirements. They do not gro... | 18,143 | medmcqa_train |
True statements about congeniatal megacolon include all of the following except: | Ans is 'd' i.e. large stool S. Das writes - "The symptoms appear within 3 days of bih and the presenting features are as follows: i) Constipation ii) Abdominal distention" Nelson writes - "The clinical symptoms of Hirschprung disease usually begin at bih with the delayed passage of meconium." Loud borborygmi is heard d... | 18,144 | medmcqa_train |
Which gas is NOT responsible for green house affect - | Carbon monoxide (CO) is not considered a direct greenhouse gas, mostly because it does not absorb terrestrial thermal IR energy strongly enough. Reference: Global changes of planet Eah OECD, page no:48. | 18,145 | medmcqa_train |
A 45-year-old woman presents with a 6-month history of fatigue and swelling in her neck. Physical examination shows a goiter. A CBC discloses megaloblastic anemia and a normal reticulocyte count. Additionally, there is an elevated serum level of TSH and antithyroid antibodies. Needle aspiration of the left lobe of the ... | This patient has chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimoto thyroiditis) and pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia is a megaloblastic anemia that is caused by malabsorption of vitamin B12 due to a deficiency of the intrinsic factor. In many cases, pernicious anemia is associated with other autoimmune diseases (e.g., Has... | 18,146 | medmcqa_train |
Pubarche is due to ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Testosterone | 18,147 | medmcqa_train |
A 45 year old male known case of diabetes presents with nausea , multiple episodes of vomiting and abdominal pain.He is stuporous , having blood glucoselevel of 402 mg% and on urine examination Ketone bodies are detected.He is having tachycardina along with ohostatic hypotension. On lab investigation,his potassium leve... | This is a case of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)- Patient's serum K+ level is< 3.3 meq/L,In such cases K+ Level need to be corrected first, even before administering insulin. So next best steps in the management of this patient include: Correct hypokalemia-Repeat K+levels in serum-Give IV regular insulin after K+ level is... | 18,148 | medmcqa_train |
A 85-year-old male patient has been suffering from progressive memory loss over the last two years. She also needs help with her daily activities. MRI revealed diffuse coical and hippocampal atrophy in this patient. HPE in such conditions demonstrates the following findings. Which of the following drug used in the trea... | The patient is suffering from Alzheimer's disease. HPE shows: A. Neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads (Gallya's silver staining) B. Fibrillar nature of tangles (arrows) neuritic plaques (arrowheads), whose major component - Ab (inset - immunohistochemistry for Ab). Treasure 8 (pathology) Drugs used in the manag... | 18,149 | medmcqa_train |
A middle aged man who underwent an abdominal surgery developed hallucination after surgery. Which of the following anaesthetic agent is associated with hallucination? | Emergence delirium, characterized by hallucinations, vivid dreams, and delusions, is a frequent complication of ketamine that can result in serious patient dissatisfaction and can complicate postoperative management. Delirium symptoms are most frequent in the first hour after emergence and appear to occur less frequent... | 18,150 | medmcqa_train |
Laryngocele arises from which of the following? | A laryngocele is defined as an abnormal dilation or herniation of the saccule of the larynx. Secondary infection of a laryngocele is termed a laryngopyocele. Laryngoceles can be classified into three types: internal, external, and combined. A laryngocele is defined as internal if the dilation lies within the limits of ... | 18,151 | medmcqa_train |
Choose the false statement regarding Hepatitis G virus - | HGV is bllod botne vitus&its ptrvelance is higher in patolients infected withHIV&HCV .it is also called GB V REF:MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.550 | 18,152 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are used in diagnosis of HIV in a 2 month old child except: | Ans. A. HIV ELISAHIV ELISA cannot be used in diagnosis of HIV in a child up to 18 months of age.* This is because all neonates born to HIV infected mothers will have IgG antibody in their blood regardless of their infection status.* So up until 18 months of age they will continue to test positive. Hence HIV ELISA shoul... | 18,153 | medmcqa_train |
A Down syndrome patient is posted for surgery, the necessary preoperative investigation to be done is: | a. Echocardiography > c. X-ray cervical spine(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 610-615, Ghai 8/e p 637-639)Congenital heart diseases are more common in Down syndrome (in 50%), than atlantoaxial instability (20%); so a preoperative echocardiogram is warranted, so that management of child can be planned accordingly. | 18,154 | medmcqa_train |
Half-life biological of oxytocin: | Oxytocin is a nanopeptide synthesised by supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus. It is rapidly metabolised and degraded by oxytocinase and hence has a half life of 3 - 4 minutes and a duration of action of approximately 20 minutes. (DC Sutta TB of obstetrics 8th edtn pg 573) | 18,155 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about Reye's Syndrome Except: | The use of aspirin and other salicylates to control fever during viral infections (influenza and chickenpox) in children and adolescents is associated with an increased incidence of Reye's syndrome, an illness characterized by vomiting, hepatic disturbances, and encephalopathy that has a 35% moality rate. Acetaminophen... | 18,156 | medmcqa_train |
Number of ossification centres in femur is: | The femur ossifies from five centres: in the shaft, head, greater and lesser trochanters and the distal end. Other than the clavicle, it is the first long bone to ossify. | 18,157 | medmcqa_train |
Maximum shortening of limbs occur in | Ans. is 'b' i.e. posterior dislocation of hip Be sure of the answer, we have been taught this in the clinics.Shortening of the limb is seen in: (in decreasing order)Post dislocation of hip (maximum) shaft femur Intertrochanteric neck femur | 18,158 | medmcqa_train |
Stereotactic radiosurgery is a form of | Stereotactic radiosurgery means delivery of precise high dose radiation in a single fraction to intracranial targetsReference: Eric J Hall Textbook of Radiobiology for Radiologist; 5th edition | 18,159 | medmcqa_train |
Streptococcal cross reactivity affects which organ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e. All of the above * Non-supporative complications are due to antigenic cross-reactivity of streptococcal antigenic component with human tissues. This antigen cross reactivity is resoponsible for the production of cross reacting antibodies, i.e. antibodies are formed against streptococcal antigens but th... | 18,160 | medmcqa_train |
In a patient of unilateral loss of vision, the patient had injury to opposite eye leading to corneal opacification. The patient was operated by corneal grafting, he could see clearly again with one eye. The injury is said to be | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Grievous This patient had permanent vision loss as it was corrected by surgery (corneal transplant). Permanent loss of sight of either eye is grievous hu. Injuries can be classified as 1. A simple injury is one which is neither extensive nor serious, and which would heal rapidly without leaving any pe... | 18,161 | medmcqa_train |
Fibromuscular wall is seen in: | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Gall bladder o The extrahepatic biliary tree and gallbladder share a similar microscopic anatomy, consisting of a fibro muscular wall lived by mucin producing columnar epithelium similar to that seen in intrahepatic bile ducts.Gall bladder (review)o Gall bladder is a pear-shaped small sac attached to ... | 18,162 | medmcqa_train |
When a person moves from a supine position to a standing position, which of the following compensatory changes occurs? | When a person moves to a standing position, blood pools in the leg veins, causing decreased venous return to the hea, decreased cardiac output, and decreased aerial pressure. The baroreceptors detect the decrease in aerial pressure, and the vasomotor center is activated to increase sympathetic outflow and decrease para... | 18,163 | medmcqa_train |
Kernohan notch phenomenon is seen with: | Kernohan notch phenomenon is usually caused by subdural hematomas. It is characterized by motor palsy on ipsilateral side of primary lesion.
i.e lesion on right side of brain results in right sided motor palsy due to indentation over left cerebral peduncle becuase of uncal or lateral transtentorial herniation. | 18,164 | medmcqa_train |
A 30-year old male with history of alcohol abuse for 15 years is brought to the hospital emergency with complaints of fearfulness, mis-recognition, talking to self, aggressive behavior, tremulousness and seeing snakes and reptiles that are not visible to others around him. There is history of drinking alcohol two * day... | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Delirium TremensRef Neeraj Ahuja 4th/e p36, 37It is a case of Delirium tremensIt is the most severe alcohol withdrawal syndromeIt usually occurs within 2-4 days of complete or significant abstinence.Symptoms areClouding of consciousnessPoor attention spanVisual hallucinations which are often vivid and ... | 18,165 | medmcqa_train |
Vitamin C is necessary in the formation of collagen. It is required for the conversion of: | Ans. (a) Proline to hydroxyprolineRef: Harpers Biochemistry, 30th ed. pg. 47, 562* Ascorbic acid is needed for a variety of biosynthetic pathways, by accelerating hydroxylation and amidation reactions.* In the synthesis of collagen, ascorbic acid is required as a cofactor for following enzymes:# Prolyl hydroxylase# Lys... | 18,166 | medmcqa_train |
Lipid in tissue detected by - | . Oil Red O | 18,167 | medmcqa_train |
In colposcopy, following are visualized except : | Upper 2/3rd endocervix Colposcopy is a method to evaluate the changes in the terminal vascular network of the cervix, the transformation zone, Vagina and Fornix. In the cervix, upper 2/3"i of endocervix is not visualized by colposcopy (the maximum limit being 5 mm above the canal). A colposcope is a binocular microscop... | 18,168 | medmcqa_train |
Pigmented Villonodular synovitis most commonly involves? | Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign proliferative condition affecting synol membranes of joints, bursae or tendons resulting from synol proliferation with villous and nodular projections and haemosiderin deposition. PVNS is most commonly mono aicular mainly involving Knee joint | 18,169 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statements regarding glioblastoma multiforme is true? | Glioblastoma Multiforme most common form of primary intracranial neuroepithelial tumor. It represents 25% of all intracranial tumors and 50% of tumors originating in the central nervous system. It is a heterogeneous glial cell tumor derived from the malignant degeneration of an astrocytoma or anaplastic astrocytoma. Th... | 18,170 | medmcqa_train |
Steeple sign is seen in? | Due to narrowing of the airway it resembles the steeple of the church. It is a characteric x ray finding for croup/ acute laryngo tracheo bronchitis. Croup is a viral infection, most common causative agent is parainfluenza virus C/F fever, malaise, respiratory distress, barking cough, stridor Rx: Mild case Dexamethason... | 18,171 | medmcqa_train |
In ohotropic liver transplantation, which is the best way to get bile drainage in donor&;s liver | Liver transplant is becoming popular for cirrhosis with varices. It is ideal, final and best. But donor availability and cost is the problem. If patient is for ohotopic liver transplantation (OLT), open shunt surgeries should not be done as liver hilum should be kept virgin for effective transplantation. TIPSS can be d... | 18,172 | medmcqa_train |
Coicotrophs produce all except - | Ans. is'd'i.e., b-enkephalinCoicotrophs produce pOMC gene products.Derivatives of pOMC are:-Pituitary hormones:ACTH, MSHbeta-lipotropic hormone (beta-LpH)gamma-lipotropic hormone (y-LpH)beta-endorphinCLIP (coicotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide). | 18,173 | medmcqa_train |
A 25-year-old woman sustains a deep, open laceration over her right forearm in a motorcycle accident. The wound is cleaned and sutured. During the next 3 months, the wound heals with formation of a linear scar. Which of the following nutritional factors is required for proper collagen assembly in the scar tissue of the... | Vitamin C. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a powerful, biologic reducing agent that is necessary for the hydroxylation of proline residues in collagen. Most of the clinical features associated with vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) are caused by the formation of an abnormal collagen that lacks tensile strength. Patients with ... | 18,174 | medmcqa_train |
Iron absorption takes place in which pa of intestine? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., DuodenumAlmost all iron absorption occurs in the duodenum. | 18,175 | medmcqa_train |
All occur in process of accommodation of eye except | Ans. b (Dilatation of pupil). (Ref. Parson, Diseases of Eye, 18th/pg.49, Basak, 2nd /68)ACCOMMODATION is ability to see near objects clearly, by increasing converging power of eye.Its components include:1. Constriction of ciliary muscles and sphincter pupillae2. Constriction of pupil3. Change in lens curvature (anterio... | 18,176 | medmcqa_train |
In surgical procedure NOTES entry point is through | Answer- C. MouthScarless surgery, also known as Natural Orifice Translumetal Endoxopic Surgery (NOTES), involves passing surgical instruments through a natural orifice, such as mouth and vagina | 18,177 | medmcqa_train |
A teenager brought to the emergency room is noted to be hyperventilating. Blood gas studies demonstrate both a respiratory alkalosis and a metabolic acidosis. This presentation is most suggestive of poisoning with which of the following agents? | It is woh learning the presentations of the common poisons listed in the answer choices, because a timely diagnosis can sometimes save a patient's life. The presentation of the teenager in the question is typical for salicylate poisoning, including poisoning with aspirin. Fatalities are typically due to dehydration and... | 18,178 | medmcqa_train |
Death of judicial hanging is because of : | C i.e. Fracture dislocation of upper cervical | 18,179 | medmcqa_train |
A patient is brought to the hospital with history of A 8 hours back. A few drops of blood were noted at the external urethral meatus. He has not passed urine and his bladder is palpable per abdomen. What is the probable diagnosis? | The patient in the question following A has blood in the urethral meatus and a palpable abdominal mass both of which indicate the presence of injury to membranous urethra. Injury to membranous urethra occur following fracture of pelvis or avulsion of symphysis pubis. Rupture usually occur at the junction of membranous ... | 18,180 | medmcqa_train |
All are complications of gall stones except: (Repeat) | Ans: A (Hepatocellular Ca) Ref: Bailey and Love's Short Practice of Surgery 25lh Edition & Schwartz, 's Principles of Surgery, 9th EditionExplanation:Complications of Gall StonesAcute and chronic cholecystitisJaundiceMucocele of GBEmpyema of GBGangrene of GBSepsisCa gallbladderCholangitisPancreatitisMirrizi syndrome: B... | 18,181 | medmcqa_train |
Type I hypersensitivity, the mediator is: | [A) (IgE) (161-AN 7th) (202-206-CP)Type of reactionClinical syndromeMediatorsType I - IgE1. Anaphylaxis2. Atopy P.K. reactionIgE, histamine and other pharmacological agents | 18,182 | medmcqa_train |
Frey's syndrome is caused due to damage to? | Gustatory sweating (auriculotemporal syndrome) commonly occurs following parotid surgery or other surgery or trauma that results in opening of the parotid capsule. It is thought to arise as a result of damage to the autonomic nerve fibres supplying the parotid gland and the overlying sweat glands. During the healing pr... | 18,183 | medmcqa_train |
What should be the value of BMI for it to be classified as obesity? | BMI stands for the Body Mass Index which is used to predict weight for the respective height. It is defined as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in metres and is expressed as kg/m2. A value of BMI > 30 is classified as obesity and a BMI of > 40 is classified under class III obesity. A BMI > 20 up ... | 18,184 | medmcqa_train |
B cell functions is tested by all of the following except? | measurement of CH 50 is the best screening test for defiency of classical and terminal pathways.hemolytic activity of compliment system is measured as the hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes sensitised by specific antibodies.the degree of hemolysis is measured by CH 50 REF:HARRISONS PRINCIPLE&;S OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 18TH E... | 18,185 | medmcqa_train |
Aeria pancreatic magna is a branch of which aery ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Splenic Branches of coeliac trunkThe coeliac trunk is only about 1.25 cm long and it ends by divided into its three terminal branches :?1) Left gastric aery :- It is the smallest branch of coeliac trunk. It ends by anastomosing with right gastric aery. It gives off :a) Two or three esophageal branches... | 18,186 | medmcqa_train |
Asherman's syndrome is characterized by: March 2004 | Ans. A i.e. Amenorrhoea | 18,187 | medmcqa_train |
Low renin ls seen In A/E- | Hypervolemia leads to low plasma renin. Low renin measurements differentiate primary from secondary, hyperreninemic forms of hyperaldosteronism seen in renovascular hypeension, coarctation of the aoa, renin-secreting neoplasms, or diuretic therapy Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 486 | 18,188 | medmcqa_train |
Most common type of hypopharyngeal carcinoma is? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., SCC * Squamous cell carcinoma is by far the most malignant tumor of the larynx and hypopharynx. | 18,189 | medmcqa_train |
Most important step in the repair of an indirect inguinal hernia is : | Most important step of hernia repair is narrowing of internal ring. | 18,190 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about diffuse axonal injury except | Diffuse axonal injuryThis is a form of primary brain injury, seen in high-energyaccidents, and which usually renders the patient comatose. It is strictly a pathological diagnosis made at postmoem, but haemorrhagic foci in the corpus callosum and dorsolateral rostral brainstem on CT may be suggestive, although the CT of... | 18,191 | medmcqa_train |
A 65 year old male is brought to the outpatient clinic with one year illness characterized by marked forgetfulness, visual hallucination, suspiciousness, personality decline, poor self-care and progressive deterioration in his condition. His Mini-Mental Status Examinations (MMSE)score is 10. his most likely diagnosis i... | Question is straight forward without any confusion.
Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score of 10 suggests definitive cognitive impairment. Amongst the given options only dementia is a cognitive disorder (other are delirium and amnestic disorders).
Forgetfulness, personality decline; lack of personal care and low M... | 18,192 | medmcqa_train |
Commonest cause of enlarged cardiac shadow in X-ray of a child is - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Rheumatic carditis o Cardiac failure causes cardiomegaly o MC cause of cardiac failure in children (elder than infants) is rheumatic fever and rheumatic hea disease. | 18,193 | medmcqa_train |
All are features of renal tubular acidosis type I except | The hypokalemia and abnormally low excretion of ammonium, as estimated by the urine anion gap, in the absence of glycosuria, phosphaturia, or aminoaciduria (Fanconi's syndrome), defines the entity of classic distal renal tubular acidosis (dA), also known as type 1 A.Fanconi's syndrome (a type 2 proximal renal tubular a... | 18,194 | medmcqa_train |
The characteristic lesion of atherosclerosis is - | Ans-D | 18,195 | medmcqa_train |
The disadvantage of Marshall Marchetti Krantz procedure compared with other surgical alternatives for treatment of stress urinary incontinence includes: | Ans. is d, i.e. Osteitis pubisRef: Telinde 9th/ed, p1057-8; Textbook of Gynae, Sheila Balakrishnan 1st/ed, p329Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz (MMK) procedure, involves the attachment of the periurethral tissue to the symphysis pubuis.In approximately, 3% of patients undergoing the procedure, osteitis pubis develops. | 18,196 | medmcqa_train |
High tracheostomy is done in which one of the following condition? | (D) Laryngeal cancer[?]High tracheostomy is done above the level of thyroid isthmus (isthmus lies against II, III and IV tracheal rings). It violates the 1st ring of trachea. Tracheostomy at this site can cause perichondritis of the cricoid cartilage and subglottic stenosis and is always avoided. Only indication for hi... | 18,197 | medmcqa_train |
Most common cause of respiratory distress after bih in first 24 hours is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Meconium aspiration o Most common cause of respiratory distress in a term or post-term neonate -4 Meconium aspiration. o Most common cause of respiratory distress in a preterm infant --> hyaline membrane disease. | 18,198 | medmcqa_train |
Bone marrow examination of a 2 year old child with massive splenomegaly and pancytopenia showed cells with wrinkled paper appearance of cytoplasm. What could be the possible diagnosis? | Given scenario suggests Gaucher disease Gaucher disease is the most common lysosomal storage disorder with a defect of lysosomal enzyme acid b glucosidase. Gaucher cells are lipid laden macrophages that show a characteristic histologic appearance of "wrinkled tissue paper" of cytoplasm. | 18,199 | medmcqa_train |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.