query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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Rind sign is seen: | Radiologically the radiolucent lesions in fibrous dysplasia are surrounded by a thick sclerotic border and this is known as rind sign. | 18,200 | medmcqa_train |
Which one of the following morphological characteristic is representative of all posterior maxillary teeth? | From MD aspect, all posterior teeth have a trapezoidal outline with shortest uneven side toward the occlusal surface.
A, Present posteriorily on first premolar;
B, Exceptions may be the DB root of the maxillary second molar;
C, From mesial and distal aspect, all posterior mandibular teeth, not maxillary posterior teeth... | 18,201 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statements is not true for contact ulcer ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e. The commonest site is the junction of the anterior l/3rd and middle l/3rd of vocal cord and gastroesophageal reflux is the causative factor.Ref. Scott-Brown's Otolaryngology, 6th/e, volume 5th/, p5/1 1/3Though gastroesophageal reflux is considered to be an aetiological factor, the commonest site for co... | 18,202 | medmcqa_train |
Ekbom syndrome is:- | Restless leg syndrome / Ekbom syndrome. Sensorimotor disorder, commonly seen in 5-15% of the population. Affects females and after 40 years. 4 salient diagnostic features being: Urge to move limbs, commonly associated with premonitory sensory discomfo Motor restlessness Relief by activity Evening/Night worsening Pathop... | 18,203 | medmcqa_train |
Elemental iron supplementation in Iron deficiency anemia is - | One tablet of iron containing 100mg of elemental iron is given daily. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 594 | 18,204 | medmcqa_train |
Pendred syndrome due to mutation of ? | Ans. is `b' i.e., Pendrin Pendred syndrome or Pendred disease :? Pendred syndrome or Pendred disease is a genetic disorder leading to congenital bilateral (both sides) sensorineural hearing loss and goitre with occasional hypothyroidism. It has been linked to mutations in the PDSgene, which codes for the pendrin protei... | 18,205 | medmcqa_train |
Lyophilization means | Freeze-drying--technically known as lyophilization or cryodesiccation--is a dehydration process typically used to preserve a perishable material or make the material more convenient for transpo.Viruses can be preserved by storage at subfreezing temperatures, and some may withstand lyophilization and can thus be preserv... | 18,206 | medmcqa_train |
True about relations of renal aery and vein ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Right renal vein shoer than left renal vein Renal vasculature Each kidney is supplied by renal aery (branch of abdominal aoa) and is drained by renal vein to IVC. o Renal aery :- Right renal aery is longer and passes behind IVC. Renal aery divides into : ? a) Posterior division :- Supplies posterior s... | 18,207 | medmcqa_train |
A 62-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department due to increasing difficulty in urinating over a period of several months. Physical examination reveals prostatic hypertrophy. After several unsuccessful attempts to catheterize the penile urethra, the urologist orders drainage of the urinary bladder by the leas... | The retropubic space (of Retzius) is the extraperitoneal space between the pubic symphysis and the bladder. A needle placed over the pubic bone, through the body wall, and into the space of Retzius will enter the full bladder but avoids entry into the peritoneum and there is little risk of damaging major organs or vess... | 18,208 | medmcqa_train |
Calculate the specificity of the screening test: Screening test results Diseased Not diseased Total Positive 400 200 600 Negative 100 600 700 Total 500 800 1300 | Specificity is the ability of a test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease, that is, the percentage of "true negatives" among those not diseased. In the above question, there are 600 true negatives among 800 who are not diseased. Hence, the specificity is (600/800)x100 = 75 per cent. Ref: Park's Textb... | 18,209 | medmcqa_train |
Among the following disorders which is not seen more in males than females? | Ans. D. Anorexia nervosaAnorexia nervosa is an eating disorder, characterized by low weight, food restriction, fear of gaining weight, and a strong desire to be thin. Many people with anorexia see themselves as overweight even though they are, in fact, underweight. They often deny that they have a problem with low weig... | 18,210 | medmcqa_train |
OCP's are contraindicated in women receiving which of the following drug ? | OCPs are contraindicated in patient on enzyme-inducing drugs like rifampicin, and antiepileptic except sodium valproate. Rifampicin induces cytochrome 450 ,increasing the hepatic hydroxlation of estrogen by which there is a fourfold increase in its metabolism. This causes clearance and deceased effect of estrogen. Refe... | 18,211 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following statements are true regarding cavernous sinus thrombosis EXCEPT: | Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis does not involve the Mandibular BRANCH of trigeminal, hence jaw jerk is intact. Other features are :- Inferior Ophthalmic Vein can spread infection from dangerous area of face Loss of sensation around the eye | 18,212 | medmcqa_train |
CASPAR criteria is used in diagnosis | Classification criteria for Psoriatic ahritis is used in the diagnosis of psoriatic ahropathy Refer : maheswari 9th ed | 18,213 | medmcqa_train |
Which one of the following gross appearances of a kidney is most characteristic of malignant nephrosclerosis? | Renal aeriolar changes in malignant nephrosclerosis (malignant hypeension) include fibrinoid necrosis of aerioles (necrotizing aeriolitis), hyperplastic aeriolosclerosis (onion-skinning), necrotizing glomerulitis, and often a thrombotic microangiopathy. Grossly, multiple small petechial hemorrhages are found on the sur... | 18,214 | medmcqa_train |
Ketamine acts an which receptor | Ketamine has multiple effects throughout the central nervous system, and it is well recognized to inhibit N-methyl-D-aspaate (NMDA) channels and neuronal hyperpolarization-activated cationic (HCN1) channels. Ref: Morgan & Mikhail's clinical anesthesiology 6e | 18,215 | medmcqa_train |
DNA sequencing by the Sanger method takes advantage of which propey of DNA synthesis to generate a sequencing ladder? | Addition of nucleotides requires a free OH group on the 3' end of the DNA strand The Sanger method of DNA sequencing is also known as chain termination sequencing. In this method, DNA strands are synthesized in the presence of a low concentration of dideoxynucleosides (ddNTPs) in addition to deoxynucleosides (dNTPs). I... | 18,216 | medmcqa_train |
Septum secundum arises from: | Septum secundum Grows down from theroof of the common atrium(primitive atrium)toward the atrioventricular endocardial cushions. Present on the right side of the septum primum. Contains foramen ovale for the pasage of blood from RA to LA. Note =Order of hea tube on day 21 from caudal to cranial Sinus venosus Atrium Vent... | 18,217 | medmcqa_train |
Most common type of schizophrenia is | Most common-paranoid Best prognosis-catatonic Worst prognosis-simple Personality deterioration-hebephrenic Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 365-370 | 18,218 | medmcqa_train |
The rationale for giving prophylactic antibiotics at the beginning of a surgical procedure can be thought of as an attempt to prevent the bacteria from entering which of the following growth phases? | Ans. C. Log phase1. Max. size in lag phase2. Max. active, dividing, smaller cells with uniform staining in log phase3. Speculation, exotoxin production & antibiotic production occurs in stationary phase4. Involutional forms in phase of decline. | 18,219 | medmcqa_train |
Cells seen in MI at 48 hours are | The microscopic appearance also undergoes a characteristic sequence of changes . Typical features of coagulative necrosis become detectable within 4 to 12 hours of infarction. "Wavy fibers" also can be present at the edges of an infarct. Light microscopic features in 1-3 days include: Coagulation necrosis with loss of ... | 18,220 | medmcqa_train |
Initiation of impulse stas in | Several inhibitory synapses are located directly on the axon hillock and initial axon segment. This location provides especially powerful inhibition because it has the direct effect of increasing the threshold for excitation at the very point where the action potential is normally generated.Ref: Guyton; 13th edition; C... | 18,221 | medmcqa_train |
The investigation of choice for acute cholecystitis is: | A i.e. USG | 18,222 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following emits gamma radiations only? | Radionuclides react with hydroxyapatite and the pattern of uptake is seen on the bone scan. Strontium-89, Samarium-153, Phosphorus -32, Rhenium-186, Tin -117m emit beta particles with a mean range between 0.2 to 3 mm, minimising toxicity to the surrounding tissues.
Technetium 99m emits gamma radiations and is used as a... | 18,223 | medmcqa_train |
Which among the following is not a copper deficiency disease: | Human copper deficiency diseases of importance are hepatotenticular degeneration (Wilson’s disease) and Menke’s syndrome (Steely-or-Kinky hair syndrome). | 18,224 | medmcqa_train |
All of the viruses cause pneumonia except: | Several viruses can lead to viral pneumonia, including:
Adenoviruses, which can also cause the common cold and bronchitis.
Chickenpox (Varicella-zoster virus).
Flu (influenza viruses).
Respiratory syncytial virus, which causes cold-like symptoms.
Cytomegalovirus, measles, retrovirus.
Mumps is an acute infectious dise... | 18,225 | medmcqa_train |
An 84-year-old man has had a reducible hernia in the right groin for 17 years. One day before admission to the hospital, he complains of abdominal pain; because of the swelling, the hernia has become irreducible. At operation, part of the wall of the cecum is noted to form a portion of the hernia sac. What is the herni... | In this variety, the hernia does not have a complete covering of peritoneum. It is called a sliding hernia. It is important that the surgeon does not attempt to remove peritoneum from the circumference bowel wall where it does not exist, because the bowel will become devascularized. | 18,226 | medmcqa_train |
In which of the following conditions is negative nitroblue tetrazolium dye test result seen? | Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) has a defective NADPH oxidase activity with recurrent infection and granuloma formation affecting gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract. CGD can be diagnosed with the following tests:
Nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) test: It is negative in chronic granulomatous disease and positive ... | 18,227 | medmcqa_train |
Red velvety stomach is seen in? | The classic postmoem feature of Acute Arsenic poisoning is Red velvety stomach. The mucous membrane is covered with tenacious mucus often tinged with blood, and is swollen and red in appearance. The distribution is usually patchy and corresponds to the deposits of paicles of arsenic, around which the inflammatory chang... | 18,228 | medmcqa_train |
Manifestations of acute dissection include all of the following except | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1640 Hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade may complicate a type A lesion with retrograde dissection. Acute aoic regurgitation is animpoant and common (>50%) complication of proximal dissection. An electrocardiogram that shows no evidence of myocardial ischemia is helpful in distinguishing aoic... | 18,229 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is a contraindication to nonoperative management of splenic injury? | Hemodynamic instability is the most pressing indication for operative treatment in a patient with splenic injury. In all other situations listed a trial of nonoperative management may be continued. | 18,230 | medmcqa_train |
Luftsichel sign is seen in | Luftsichel sign is a sickle shaped lucency of air seen On Chest Radiographs, Seen in Left Upper lobe collapse with Compensatory Left Lower lobe hyperinflation. | 18,231 | medmcqa_train |
Drug effective against pseudomonas is: | TETRACYCLINES These are a class of antibiotics having a nucleus of four cyclic rings. Mechanism of action The tetracyclines a :- c primarily bacteriostatic; inhibit protein synthe:"i&; by binding to 305 ribosomes in susceptible organism. Subsequent to such binding, attachmer. : o f aminoacyl-t-RNA to the mRNA-ribosomc ... | 18,232 | medmcqa_train |
Fastest acting anti-thyroid drug is | Secretion inhibitors:These are fastest acting anti thyroid drugs. NaI KI Lugol iodine Thyroid peroxidase inhibitor Carbimazole/Methimazole Propylthiouracil Thiocyanate is Na+I+sympoer (NIS) inhibitor. Highly toxic Not used clinically | 18,233 | medmcqa_train |
Austin's classification for ossicular chain defects depends on - | Austin - Kartush classification of ossicular chain defect
To predict reconstructive success, the status of the middle ear and ossicular chain needs to be assessed.
The Austin - Kartush classification of ossicular chain defects provides a method for defining pre-reconstructive ossicular status.
Austin's original classi... | 18,234 | medmcqa_train |
Vital capacity and timed vital capacity is decreased in all except: | In scoliosis, vital capacity is decreased but timed vital capacity is normal. | 18,235 | medmcqa_train |
Dohlmans procedure is used for - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Zenkers diverticulum Treatment of zenker's diverticulum* Treatment is excision of pouch and cricopharyngealmyotomy. This is done through cervical approach.* Dohlman'sprocedure: - The partition wall bewteen the oesophagus and the pouch is divided by diathermy through an endoscope. This is done in poor ... | 18,236 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the most common etiological agent in paranasal sinus mycoses? | Many different species of fungi are found to involve the paranasal sinuses, the more common being the Aspergillus, Alternaria, Mucor or Rhizopus. "Most common type of fungal infection of nose and parsnasal sinuses are due to Aspergillus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus" | 18,237 | medmcqa_train |
Systolic BP of a group of 200 people follows normal distribution. Mean BP is 120 mm Hg and standard deviation 10. Which of the following is true -a) 68% of people have BP between 110-130 mmHgb) 95% of people have BP between 110-130 mm Hgc) 95% ofpeople have BP between 100-140 mm Hgd) 99% of pepole have BP between 100-1... | The data provided in the question
Mean =120
SD =10
1SD distribution
68% of people (136 out of 200) will have BP in range of 120 ± 10 (1SD) =110 —130 mm Hg.
32% of people (64 out of 200) will have BP outside 110-130 mm Hg.
16% of people (32 out of 200) will have BP above 130 mm Hg
16% of people (32 out of 200) will ha... | 18,238 | medmcqa_train |
Gama globulins are synthesized in - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Plasma cells o Gamma globulins (immunoglobulins) are synthesized by plasma cells.Plasma cellso Plasma cells are the antibody secreting cellso On contact with its appropriate antigen, the mature B cell undergoes clonal proliferation. The majority of activated B cells are transformed into plasma cells a... | 18,239 | medmcqa_train |
Which of these tests is the first to be performed in a patient with the following presentation? | IMAGE : SPADE LIKE DEFORMITY OF HANDS: Seen in ACROMEGALY Screening test done: IGF -1 IOC: Glucose challenge test (GCT) Treatment: Surgery (Transphenoidal Resection) If recurrence seen: PEGVISOMANT | 18,240 | medmcqa_train |
A 62-year-old man presents with pallor, fatigue, and dyspnea on exeion. A complete blood count reveals microcytic hypochromic anemia. The likely cause of this hematological finding is? | - Iron deficiency anemia is the most common cause of hypochromic microcytic anemia - In men and postmenopausal women, the usual cause of IDA is occult gastrointestinal blood loss (due to helminthic infestations, GI malignancies, etc). warrants a complete workup, including GI endoscopy to detect the source of the bleedi... | 18,241 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is a prokinetic drug with no dopamine antagonism? | PROKINETIC DRUGS ACh is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the GIT. Cholinergic neurons contain excitatory (5-HT4) as well as inhibitory (5HT3, D2) presynaptic receptors. Thus D2 and 5HT3 antagonists and 5 HT4 agonists will increase the release of ACh and stimulate the GI motility. Metoclopramide possesses central... | 18,242 | medmcqa_train |
A patient with psoriasis was staed on systemic steroids. After stopping treatment patient developed generalized pustules all over his body, the most likely cause is: | Pustular psoriasis is another variant of psoriasis. Patients may have disease localized to the palms and soles, or the disease may be generalized. Regardless of the extent of disease, the skin is erythematous with pustules and variable scale. Localized to the palms and soles, it is easily confused with eczema. When gen... | 18,243 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following statement about atrial myxomas are true, except: | Answer is D (Most myxomas are fmilial) Most cardiac myxomas are sporadic while some may he familial. | 18,244 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are used in the management of hyperkalemia except: March 2007 | Ans. D: I.V. KC1 infusion Causes of hyperkalemia include: Ineffective elimination from the body Renal insufficiency - Medication that interferes with urinary excretion: ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g. amiloride and spironolactone) NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or... | 18,245 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following mutation seen in Cowden syndrome? | Ans. b. PTEN mutationRef: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Ed; Page No-291Tumor suppressor genes and associated with syndromesGeneProteinFunctionFamilial syndromesPTCHPatchedInhibitor of Hedgehog signalingGorlin syndrome (basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, several benign tumors)PTENPhosphatase and... | 18,246 | medmcqa_train |
Transpo of Ascorbic acid to lenses done by | Lens has a special carrier system for the Ascorbic acid which is a major oxidant in the lens This carrier system is mediated by myoinositol Refer: AK Khurana 6th edition | 18,247 | medmcqa_train |
Woods lamp used in diagnosis of – a) P. versicolorb) Vitiligoc) Porphyriad) Psoriasise) Lichen planus | Wood's lamp is used in Tinea capitis, Erythrasma, vitiligo, albinism, Leprosy, Tuberous sclerosis, Pseudomonas infection, Porphyria, Tinea versicolor. | 18,248 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following liver disorders is a compli¬cation associated with oral contraceptives? | Oral contraceptives produce an intrahepatic cholestasis that is unpredictable (not related to the dose). The incidence of liver cell adenomas is also increased as a result of oral contraceptive use. These vascular tumors have a tendency to rupture during pregnancy, particularly those in a subcapsular location.
A purpo... | 18,249 | medmcqa_train |
Which receptors are blocked in Myasthenia Gravis. | Ref. Guyton. 13th edition. Page. 96
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibodies against the acetylcholine (ACh) receptor of the neuromuscular junction, result- ing in muscular weakness predominantly affecting the facial muscles. Females are affected more frequently than males.
Extra ocu... | 18,250 | medmcqa_train |
Klumpke’s paralysis affect- | ERB’S PARALYSIS
One region of upper trunk (C# CfQ of the brachial plexus is called Erb's point where six nerves meet,
Injury at this point results in Erb’s paralysis.
The injury is due to undue separation of the head from the shoulder; which may be seen in : -
i. Birth injury
ii. Fall on the shoulder
iii. During A... | 18,251 | medmcqa_train |
Antifolate cancer drug are - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Methotrexate o Folate antagonists which are used as anticancer cancer drugs :- (i) Methotrexate; (ii) Premetrexate | 18,252 | medmcqa_train |
A 42-year-old man is brought to you after suffering a grand mal seizure. There is no history of recent illness, fever, headache, seizures, or head trauma. Neurologic exam shows the patient to be ale and oriented. No focal abnormalities are noted. A CT scan of the head reveals multiple punctate calcifications, and two e... | This is the history of neurocysticercosis due to T. solium. Common name for this parasite is pork tapeworm or armed tapeworm. The intermediate host is pig, while human can act as both definitive and intermediate host. When humans act as intermediate host, it causes neurocysticercosis, which is the most common parasitic... | 18,253 | medmcqa_train |
Serial interval is | The gap in the time interval between the onset of primary case and the secondary case is known as serial interval. By collecting information about a whole series of such onset we get a distribution of secondary cases from which we can guess the incubation period of disease ( refer pg 100, park 23 rd edition ) | 18,254 | medmcqa_train |
Which organ is the primary site of hematopoiesis in the fetus before midpregnancy - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Liver In fetus hematopoiesis occurs in three anatomic stages. Mesoblastic stage Hepatitis stage Myeloid stage o This stage of hematopoiesis begins between 10th and 14th days of gestation o It occurs in the extraembryonic structures principally in the yolk sac. o This stage of hematopoiesis essentially... | 18,255 | medmcqa_train |
Chromolacryorrhea is seen in poisoning with: WB 09 | Ans. Organophosphorus | 18,256 | medmcqa_train |
Opsonins are | ref Robbins 8/e p51-53 ;7/e p59,9/e p78 | 18,257 | medmcqa_train |
No of inpatient beds in PHC ? | Medical care OPD services- 4 hours in the morning and 2 hours in the afternoon/evening 24 hour emergency services Referral services Inpatient services-6 beds (refer pgno:905 park 23rd edition) | 18,258 | medmcqa_train |
In a child with respiratory distress, failure to thrive. His sweat chloride levels were estimated at 35 meq/L and 41 meq/L. What is next best test to do cystic fibrosis for diagnosis - | Ans-A i.e., the Transepithelial nasal potential difference Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis Sweat chloride testingThe sweat test is the standard approach to diagnosis.The diagnosis is made by elevated sodium and chloride level in the sweat > 60 meq/l.Two tests on different days are required for accurate diagnosis.A normal ... | 18,259 | medmcqa_train |
The average fatal period of copper poisoning is | B i.e. 1 - 3 days | 18,260 | medmcqa_train |
Bacteria with tuft of flagellae at one end are called- | Arrangement of flagella - | 18,261 | medmcqa_train |
All are causes of chronic granulomatous uveitis except- | The common organisms which excite this type of inflammation are those responsible for tuberculosis, leprosy, syphilis, brucellosis, leptospirosis, as well as most viral, mycotic, protozoal and helminthic infections. A typical granulomatous inflammation is also seen in sarcoidosis, sympathetic ophthalmitis and Vogt-Koya... | 18,262 | medmcqa_train |
A 24-year-old sex worker from Mumbai develops chronic abdominal pain, low-grade fever, diarrhea, and malabsorption. He saw later found to be positive for HIV. Oocysts are demonstrated in the stool. Which of the following organisms is most likely to be the cause of the patient's diarrhea? | All of the organisms listed are protozoa. There are two intestinal protozoa specifically associated with AIDS that can cause transient diarrhea in immunocompetent individuals but can cause debilitating, and potentially life-threatening chronic diarrhea in AIDS patients. These organisms are Isospora belli, treated with ... | 18,263 | medmcqa_train |
Causes of raised J.V.P. with hypotension are all except - | Causes of raised JVP with hypotension: Cardiac tamponade Right ventricular MI Right hea failure Constrictive pericarditis Restrictive cardiomyopathy Ref Harrisons internal medicine 20 e pg 1533 Topic Jugular venous pressure | 18,264 | medmcqa_train |
Rate limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 7a-hydroxylase o About half of the cholesterol in the body is ultimately metabolized to bile acids.o The primary bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in liver. These are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.o Rate limiting enzyme in primary bile acids synthesis is 7a- hydroxylase (cholesterol ... | 18,265 | medmcqa_train |
A study of patients more than 25 years of age with body mass index above 30, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and fasting glucose averaging 115 mg/ dL is performed. They have adipose tissue abnormalities including increased non-esterified fatty acid release, altered adipokines with decreased adiponectin, greater proinflamma... | The findings are those of insulin resistance from obesity with metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance drives beta-cell dysfunction, but other factors such as the TCF7L2 gene play a role in the eventual development of overt type 2 diabetes mellitus. Excess free fatty acids may stimulate cytokine release from beta cells ... | 18,266 | medmcqa_train |
What complication should one expect when PCNL is done through 11th intercostal space | Complications of PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) include sepsis, renal hemorrhage, renal collecting system injury, and damage to adjacent organs and viscera, Haematoma, Hematuria, colonic perforation. Hydrothorax or pneumothorax is related to the level of percutanous access . incidence are less than 0.5% below the ... | 18,267 | medmcqa_train |
Both temporary and permanent hardness of water can be removed by: | Temporary hardness can be removed by: Boiling Adding lime Adding sodium carbonate Permutit process Permanent hardness can be removed by Adding sodium carbonate Base exchange resins Ref: Park 21st edition page: 672. | 18,268 | medmcqa_train |
Hyperbilirubinemia with the absence of urobilinogen in urine is seen in: | Urobilinogen is formed from degradation of bile pigments by bacterial action. In case of obstruction to bile flow as happens in cholelithiasis or any kind of biliary obstruction,There will be no urobilinogen in urine. So, No formation of stercobilinogen and the patient passes clay colored stools. Option analysis: Hemol... | 18,269 | medmcqa_train |
Galeazzi fracture is fracture of: | D i.e. Lower end of radius | 18,270 | medmcqa_train |
The commonest of death in ARDS is | Moality estimates for ARDS range from 26 to 44%.Moality in ARDS is largely attributable to nonpulmonary causes,with sepsis and nonpulmonary organ failure accounting for >80% of deaths.Increasing age,chronic liver disease,cirrhosis,chronic alcohol abuse,chronic immunosuppression,sepsis,chronic renal disease,any nonpulmo... | 18,271 | medmcqa_train |
For the population of 10000, Trench method sanitary landfill pit of depth 2m is to be constructed. How much area is required per year? | Trench method sanitary landfill with depth of 2 m (6 feet ), it is estimated that one acre of land per year will be required for 10,000 population. Trench method is also known as Below Ground Landfill. Collected Waste is disposed inside excavated trench and is covered-up with a layer of soil. This method is suitable on... | 18,272 | medmcqa_train |
Least effect on myocardial contractility | Ans:D i.e. Isoflurane. CARDIAC EFFECTS OF ANESTHETIC AGENTS :Anticholinergic agents - Atropine/glycopyrrolate: will cause an increase in hea rate, contractility, cardiac output and myocardial oxygen consumption. Often there will be no changein blood pressure and a decrease in right atrial pressure.Thiopental - Barbitur... | 18,273 | medmcqa_train |
Receptor responsible for decrease in aqueous humor formation: | Ans. B. Alpha 2Stimulation of alpha 2 present on ciliary muscle helps in reduction of aqueous humor. This mechanism is utilized in treatment of glaucoma by apraclonidine, brimonidine. Answer is B | 18,274 | medmcqa_train |
All are used for Bier's block except | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Dibucaine | 18,275 | medmcqa_train |
Methylene blue 3 swab test is done for urinary fistulae. Source of leakage if the lowermost swab gets stained: March 2010 | Ans. C: Urethra Methylene blue 3 swab test is useful for diagnosing site of leakage. In this test, Catheter is introduced in to the bladder through the urethra. Vaginal cavity is packed with 3 sterile swabs 50-100 ml of dilute methylene blue dye is injected into the bladder through the catheter (methylene blue turns ur... | 18,276 | medmcqa_train |
Mucopolysacchidosis, which is a lysosomal storage disease, occurs due to abnormality in: | Ans: a. Hydrolase enzyme [Ref Harper 30th/638-39, 29th/589, 599, 600; Lippincott 6th/163-64JThe mucopolysaccharidoses are hereditary diseases caused by a deficiency of any one of the lysosomal hydrolases normally involved in the degradation of heparan sulfate and/or dermatan sulfateThey are progressive disorders charac... | 18,277 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are direct causes of Acute lung injury, EXCEPT: | Acute lung injury can arise from direct injury to the lung parenchyma or from indirect systemic insults transmitted to the lung by the pulmonary circulation. Direct causes of acute lung injury are pneumonia, gastric aspiration, blunt chest trauma, near drowning, and toxic inhalations. Indirect causes of ALI are sepsis,... | 18,278 | medmcqa_train |
CXR of a patient is shown. What is the next investigation to be done in the patient? | Ans. (c) Exploratory laparotomy.Image shows Chest X-ray with central trachea and increased bronchovascular markings. The Right lung shows clear presence of gas under diaphragm and needs an exploratory laparotomy. | 18,279 | medmcqa_train |
Super antigen acts through? | Superantigens are ceain protein molecules such as staphylococcal enterotoxin, that stimulate large numbers of T cells irrespective of antigenic specificity. This leads to an excessive and dysregulated immune response with release of cytokines such as interleukin-1,2 and tumor necrosis factor and interferon gamma. Refer... | 18,280 | medmcqa_train |
Normal platelet count is found in: | All other options have decreased platelet count except Henoch Schonlein purpura. Henoch-Schonlein purpura is a systemic syndrome involving the skin (purpuric rash), gastrointestinal tract (abdominal pain), and joints (ahritis). skin manifestations in HSP are due to small vessel vasculitis and platelet count is normal. ... | 18,281 | medmcqa_train |
Guthrie's bacterial inhibition test detects: | Guthrie's bacterial inhibition test:- Screening test for phenylketonuria (PKU) Used to detect the abnormal presence of phenylalanine metabolites in blood i.e. Phenyl pyruvate Phenyl alanine Phenyl lactate. Procedure: A small amount of blood sample is taken from heel of the infant and placed in a medium with a strain of... | 18,282 | medmcqa_train |
Risk factors for carcinoma Gallbladder are all except | Risk factors for Carcinoma Gallbladder Gallstones >3cm Procelain gallbladder Anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction (APBDJ) Choledochal cysts Adenomatous polyps Primary sclerosing cholangitis Obesity Salmonella typhi infection Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1510 | 18,283 | medmcqa_train |
Arden index is related to - | Answer- B. EOG Arden index is related to ElectrooculographyInterpretation of results:- Results of EOG are interpreted by finding out the Arden ratio as follows :Normal curve values are 185 or above.Subnormal curve values are less than 150.Flat curve values are less than 125. | 18,284 | medmcqa_train |
HAIR-AN syndrome consists of | HAIR-AN syndrome consists of hyperandrogenism (HA), insulin resistance (IR), and acanthosis nigricans (AN)It is a subset of polycystic ovarian syndrome(Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, SAE, 1st edition) | 18,285 | medmcqa_train |
Microcornea is defined as: | Microcornea < 10 mm corneal diameter at bih. Megalocornea > 13 mm after 2 yr of age or >11.7 mm before 2 yr of age. | 18,286 | medmcqa_train |
Bile acids are synthesized from: | Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol (by modification of side chain), which is synthesized from Acetyl CoA. Bile acids consists of Deoxycholic acid, Lithocholic acid and Chenodeoxycholic acid. Bile acids are more appropriately called bile salts Present in deprotonated form Made in liver (RLE is 7-a-Hydroxylase) ... | 18,287 | medmcqa_train |
Mechanism of action of allopurinol is | Allopurinol (hypoxanthine analog) and recently approved drug, decrease the production of uric acid by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase. Dose- 100-600 mg / day Allopurinol is metabolized by the same enzyme to allo xanthine which is a long acting inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Allopurinol (purine analogue and Febux... | 18,288 | medmcqa_train |
Which of these is used to measure contraceptive efficacy? | The use-effectiveness of contraceptive method is expressed by Pearl rate . Pearl rate or pearl index was introduced by Raymond Pearl in 1932. It is calculated as: total accidental pregnancies x 1200 / number of women observed x total months of contraceptive use It is expessed as HWY (hundred women years) AFS ( American... | 18,289 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic plaque formation except | Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Class 1: Modifiable risk factors, Interventions have been proved to lower CAD risk. 1. Cigarette smoking 2. High total cholesterol 3. High LDL cholesterol 4. Low HDL cholesterol 5. High fat/cholesterol diet 6. Left ventricular hyperophy (LVH) 7. Thrombogenic factors Class 2: Modi... | 18,290 | medmcqa_train |
The American Cancer Society recommends annual screening mammography for healthy women older than___________years NOT RELATED-GYN | . | 18,291 | medmcqa_train |
Cluster testing technique is useful in which of the following conditions? | Explanation: Following methods are used for case detection of STD: * CONTACT TRACING: Contact tracing is the term used for the technique by which the sexual paners of diagnosed patients are identified, located, investigated, and treated. * CLUSTER TESTING: Here the patients are asked name other persons of either sex wh... | 18,292 | medmcqa_train |
True regarding rhinitis medica mentosa is/are? | Answer- D. There is inferior terbinate hyperophyIt is a condition characterized by nasal congestion that is triggered by the extended use of topical decongestants and ceain oral medications that constrict blood vessels in the lining of the nose: recreational use of intranasal cocaine malt also cause a similar condition... | 18,293 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following antiarrhythmic drugs can develop Long QT syndrome? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the above Proarrhythmic Manifestations of Most Frequently Used Antiarrhythmic AgentsDrugCommon Proarrhythmic ToxicityAmiodarroneSinus bradycardia, AV block, increase in defibrillation thresholdRare: long QT and torsades des pointes,1:1 ventricular conduction with atrial flutterAdenosineAll arrhyth... | 18,294 | medmcqa_train |
Emporiatrics is the study of health of: | Ans: c (Travellers) Ref: Park, 19th edEmporiatrics is the study of health of travellers | 18,295 | medmcqa_train |
Increased anion gap is seen in all except? | Fistula- normal anion gap is seen CAUSES OF NON ANION GAP METABOLIC ACIDOSIS(NAGMA) | 18,296 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drug is not an adrenergic blocking neurone drug | Refer kDT 6/e p516 Minoxidil is a medication used for the treatment of male-pattern hair loss. It is an antihypeensive vasodilator | 18,297 | medmcqa_train |
A 15 year old girl presented with weakness for 2 months. On examination she had pallor and icterus. Spleen was palpable. Lab examination findings are increased MCV, reduced MCHC, reticulocystosis. Osmotic fragility test is positive and Coomb's test is negative. Diagnosis is | Ans is 'd' i.e. Hereditary spherocytosisIcterus, pallor, palpable spleen, reticulocystosis all are indicating towards hemolytic anemia.In AIHA Coomb's test is positive .In G-6-PD deficiency osmotic fragilty is not affected.All the findings in the case positive in Hereditary spherocytosis.Iron deficiency anemia shows re... | 18,298 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following inhibit cell wall synthesis EXCEPT | i.e. (Aminoglycosides): (669, 709-KDT 6th) (852-53-H17th)Aminoglycosides (Streptomycin, Gentamicin etc) causes mis reading of mRNA code and affect permeabilityMECHANISM OF ACTION1. Inhibit cell wall synthesis - Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Cycloserine, Vancomycin, Bacitracin2. Cause leakage from cell membranes:- Polype... | 18,299 | medmcqa_train |
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