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The drug X is used in osteoporosis. Its mechanism of action is shown in the Figure below. X is likely to
New drug for osteoporosis: 1. Teriparatide: PTH with 1-34 amino acid, stimulates osteoblast.2. Strontium ranelate: dual action: stimulate osteoblast and inhibit osteoclast.3. Denosumab: monoclonal antibody against rank ligand.
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Pharmacodynamics includes
Pharmacodynamics- the branch of pharmacology concerned with the effects of drugs and the mechanism of their action. Ref-KDT 7/e p1
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In an RTA, a patient sustained soft tissue and Brachial plexus injuries with nerve affected in weakness of extensors of entire arm, forearm, hand with shoulder flexion, and extension. This is suggestive of involvement of
(C) C5 to T1 # Preganglionic lesions have a poor prognosis as these do not recover and are surgically irreparable.> Postganglionic lesions have better prognosis than preganglionic lesions and histamine test is useful in making the distinction> Postganglionic lesions: Disruption proximal to the dorsal root ganglion Avul...
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Serous papillary cystadenocarcinomas of the ovaries express
CA-125
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Lymph from glans penis drain into
Lymphatics from the glans drain into the deep inguinal nodes also called gland of Cloquet. Lymphatics from the rest of the penis drain into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes.Ref: Vishram Singh; Volume II; 2nd edition; Page no: 464
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A pregnant lady at 32 weeks' gestation period presents with a BP of 160/110 mm Hg, Proteinuria with Retinal Hemorrhage What is the Definitive Management of choice in this case?
Ans. D. Termination of pregnancyPatient presents with the characteristics of Severe Hypertension indicating delivery.Induction of labor is the best suited management of choice.Magnesium Sulfate prophylaxis should be provided to prevent the onset of seizures.Severe pre-eclampsia can be characterized as:* Pulmonary edema...
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No treatment of withdrawal is req uired in -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., LSD o Clinically significant withdrawal syndrome (requires treatment)Alcohol, opioids, amphetamines, Barbiturates, BZDs, Nicotine.o No or minimal clinically significant withdrawal syndrome (requires no treatment) :-LSD (nil). Cannabis (minimal).
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Complications of placenta pre include all except ___________
Complication of placenta pre: Maternal complications Antepaum Labour Postpaum Puerperium APH Cord Prolapse PPH Sepsis Malpresentation Intrapaum hemorrahage Retained placenta Premature labour Early rupture of membranes Associated abruptio: 10% Fetal complications Low bih weight: 15% (Most common fetal complication) Bih ...
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National institute of Homeopathy is located in:
The government of india has established a national institute of Ayurveda in Jaipur and a national institute of homeopathy in Kolkata. Ref: Park 21st edition, page 849.
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Karyotyping is useful in diagnosis of -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Chromosomal abnormalitieso Karyotyping is the study of chromosomes and is used in cytogenetics to study the chromosomal abnormalities. o After arresting the cells in metaphase the chromosomes are examined to see for:(i) Numbers --> to detect abnormalities in chromosome numbers such as aneuploidy (tris...
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In Complete deft the hard palate is totally separated from?
ANSWER: (C) VomerREF: With textPalate cleft can occur as complete (soft and hard palate, possibly including a gap in the jaw) or incomplete (a 'hole' in the roof of the mouth, usually as a cleft soft palate).Normally the hard palate is continuous in front and laterally with the alveolar processes of the maxilla, and gi...
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All vaccines are contraindicated in pregnancy except
All live vaccines are contraindicated in pregnancy except yellow fever vaccine.
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Inclusion conjunctivitis is caused by:
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Chlamydia trachomatis Inclusion conjunctivitis is caused by chlamydia trachomatis (serotypes D- K).Chlamydial inclusion conjunctivitis is generally spread by sexual transmission from the genital reservoir of infection. The primary source of infection is a benign subclinical venereal disease producing a...
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Example of Type IV hypersensitivity is -
Ans. (b) Granulomatous reaction(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 208-211; 8th/pg 205-208; Illustrated Dictionary of Immunology by M.P.Arora - Page 501)Granulomatous reaction is an example of type IV hypersensitivitySerum sickness & Arthus reactions are examples of type III hypersensitivityShwartzman reaction is a non-immunologic ph...
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Which of the following changes in C-MYC oncogene may be associated with colonic malignancy?
C- MYC amplification may be responsible for Ca breast, Ca colon, Ca stomach and lung. L - MYC amplification is associated with Ca lung and bladder. N- MYC amplification is associated with neuroblastoma and Ca lung. Ref: Harrison, 17th Edition, Page 496
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Name of the curved laryngoscope ?
Laryngoscopy (larynx + scopy) is a medical procedure that is used to obtain a view of the vocal folds and the glottis. Following are the types of the available laryngoscopes :- i) Straight blade: Miller ii) Curved blade: Macintosh
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The hilum of the right lung is arched by:
B i.e. Azygous vein
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Half life of factor 8
Factor VIII is also called as anti hemophilic factor Its half life is 8-12 hrs Ref: Harrison's 19th edition Pgno :138
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Most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in 3 year old child is
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Streptococcal pneumonia
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In which condition doctor is passive
Classical Psychoanalysis No detailed history taking, mental status examination, or formalised psychiatric diagnosis is attempted. The patient is allowed to communicate unguided, by using 'free association'. The therapist remains passive with a non-directive approach; however, the therapist constantly challenges the exi...
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Irradiation can be used to sterilize A/E -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., BronchoscopeEndoscopes are sterilized by chemical methods Methods for sterilization of endoscopes Rigid endoscope - Autoclave Flexible - Glutaraldehyde Peracetic acidNowadays musculoskeletal tissue allografts are being increasingly used for knee reconstructive procedures.The soft tissue allografts com...
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Normal intraabdominal pressure is ?
Ans. is'a'i.e., 0 - 8 mmHgNormal intra-abdominal pressure is 0-6 mmHg.
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Conduction velocity of nerves is NOT affected by which of the following?
Motor neuron disease is at anterior horn cell, pyramidal neurons and not the nerves. Thus the conduction velocity in the nerves is normal. Leprosy - Affects nerves and both sensory nerve conduction /motor nerve conduction studies may demonstrate reduced amplitude in affected nerves but occasionally may reveal demyelina...
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Arteriole is
Arterioles regulate the distribution of blood flow by altering their diameter to increase or decrease the peripheral resistance as required.
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Ether was first used by:
Moon
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In which of the following Arbiskov cells are seen ?
Granulocytic Sarcoma Also known as Choloroma or myeloblastoma. It is a hematopoietic stem cell tumour. It is an extramedullary tumor of immature granulocytic series cells. It is a localised tumour forming a mass in the skin of orbital & periorbital tissue due to infiltration of tissues by leukemic cells. It is most com...
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Epistaxis in elderly person is most commonly due to:
(c) Hypertension(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed. 680)The most common cause of epistaxis in an elderly person is hypertension.Foreign body is not seen at this age.Bleeding disorder will present with bleeding from multiple sites.Nasopharyngeal carcinoma presents with upper deep cervical lymph node. Nasal obstruction and blood tin...
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A pregnant mother at 32 weeks gestation presents in preterm labour. Therapy with antenatal steroids to induce lung maturity in the fetus may be given in all of the following conditions except:
“Corticosteroids can be given even in presence of maternal hypertension or diabetes mellitus, but should preferably be avoided if PROM is associated with definitive evidence of chorioamnionitis” Meherban Singh 5/e, p 227 “Steroid treatment is contraindicated in presence of overt infection.” Fernando Arias 3/e, p 220 St...
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Insulin inhibits ketogenesis by all except
Insulin inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue due to inhibition of hormone-sensitive lipase Insulin depresses HMG CoA synthase and so ketogenesis is decreased In the presence of insulin, acetyl CoA is completely utilized in the citric acid cycle because oxaloacetate generated from glucose is available in plenty. Insulin...
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Treatment for dendritic ulcer includes all except: March 2009
Ans. C: Steroids Debridement of the edges of the ulcer with a moistened, fine cotton tipped applicators helps in reducing the load of active virus-infected cells. The standard treatment is idoxuridine drops/ trifluridine drops/ acyclovir 3% eye ointment/ 3% vidarabine ointment produces a resolution of herpes in 95% of ...
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Which of the following condition is associated with limitation of both adduction and abduction of the affected eye?
Weakness of both adduction and abduction of the eye is a feature of Duane retraction syndrome type 3. Duane retraction syndrome is a congenital, incomitant ocular motility disorder characterized by abnormal function of lateral rectus muscle in the affected eye together with retraction of the globe and narrowing of the ...
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In an infant born to a HIV infected mother, at what age of child the ELISA test can reliably diagnose HIV infection
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting are used to initially detect HIV-specific antibodies but these tests are not used for diagnosis in patients younger than 18 months of age. This is because of the persistence of the maternal HIV antibody in infants younger than 18 months. Infants younger th...
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Vitamin A requirement in infant is -
- daily intake of vitamin A recommended by ICMR for infants is 350 mcg retinol. - daily intake of vitamin A recommended by ICMR for infants is 2800 mcg beta carotene. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:616 <\p>
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Sarcoma botryoides of vagina commonly occurs in which age group-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., < 10 years * Sarcoma botryoides or botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma is a subtype of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, that can be observed in the walls of hollow, mucosa lined structures such as the nasopharynx, common bile duct, urinary bladder of infants and young children or the vagina in females, typically you...
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A 70-year-old man with hypeension wakes up with severe chest pain and diaphoresis. On examination he has bounding pulses with wide pulse pressure. A diastolic murmur is heard along the right sternal border. Which of the following is the possible etiology?
Option A= High B.P | Aoic dissection | Leads to Retrograde spread | develop Aoic Root dilation | Leads to develop Aoic Regurgitation- Diastolic Murmur Option B= STEMI with Papillary muscle dysfunction have systolic murmur. Option C= Myocarditis with functional regurgitation- Systolic murmur Option D= Flash Pulmonary ed...
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All of the following about gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours are true, Except
About 15% rectum is involved in a carcinoid tumour it arises from the submucosa with the overlying intact mucous membrane. Reference SRB 5 the edition page no. 877
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Obesity is associated with all of the following except:
Answer is D (Pancreatitis): Pancreatitis has no association with obesity. RISKS OF OBESITY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING : A. Cardiovascular disease : -increased risk of atherosclerosis -increased risk of hypeension - increased risk of sudden death B. Pulmonary function : Sleep apnea and Right hea failure C. Gall bladder disea...
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Syndrome characterized by an elaborate delusion that the patient is passionately loved by another person is also known as: COMEDK 15
Ans. De Clerambault's syndrome
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Which of the following indications of deep brain stimulation is not FDA approved?
FDA approved indications for deep brain stimulation are: a. Parkinson's disease and essential tremors b. Dystonia c. Obsessive compulsive disorder
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An 18 yr old male presents with massive hematemesis; he has history of fever for the past 14 days for which he was managed with drugs; moderate splenomegaly is present; diagnosis is:
Answer is C (Esophageal varices) Presence of massive haematemesis in the background of moderate splenomegaly suggests a diagnosis of esophageal varices secondary to poal hypeension. Esophageal varices : Most common presentation of esophageal varices is Hematemesis. 'Splenomegaly, sometimes with hipersplenism, is the ne...
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Most sensitive investigation to see intracranial bleed in a patient with head injury -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., CT-scan o Has been explained in previous session
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Autoantigen is ?
None
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Which one of following is Polysaccharide vaccine:-
Polysaccharide vaccines are: Typhim-Vi Pneumococcal vaccine Meningococcal vaccine Hib.
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Vaccine which requires the most stringent conditions for storage
Among the vaccines, polio is the most sensitive to heat, requiring storage at minus 20 degree Celsius. Vaccines which must be stored in the vaccine compaments are polio and measles. The cold chain is a system of storage and transpo of vaccines at low temperature from the manufacturer to the actual vaccination site (ref...
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Which among the following condition is positive for double stranded DNA antibody?
Serum antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are found in nearly all individuals with active SLE. Antibodies to native double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) are relatively specific for the diagnosis of SLE. Anti-SSA or anti-SSB antibodies are seen in Sjogren's syndrome. Topoisomerase I antibodies (also known as Scl-70), Anticentromere an...
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The drug of choice for treatment of meningococcal meningitis is
Ans. b. CeftriaxoneRef: Goodman Gilman 13th E/PI 035Ceftriaxone is the drug of choice for treatment of meningitis caused by H. influenza, N. meningitidis (meningococcal meningitis) and S. pneumoniae.Ampicillin is the drug of choice for treatment of meningitis caused by L. monocytogenes.Meningitis seen in post neurosurg...
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Which of the following topical agent boosts cell - mediated immunity in burns
Cerium nitrate boosts cell - mediated immunity and forms sterile eschar in burns.
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A 40yr old patient developed high fever of sudden onset .Peripheral blood film showed malaria parasite pigment was yellowish brown and schizonts were 9-10microns and contained 20 merozoites each
The features are consistent with the diagnosis of Pl vivax .yellow brown pigment-vivax Dark brown pigment-falciparum Ref: D.R. Arora. Medical parasitology 4th ed pg. 77
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The cells which lie outside blood testis barrier:
Ans. is d, i.e. Leydig cellsBlood testis barrier is formed by Sertoli cells which keeps the growing germ cells (its all stages) separated from blood.
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All are true about supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma except:
Glottie part is the most common sites for carcinoma larynx followed by supraglottic & subglottic pats respectively.
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Order of anastomosis in lung transplant:
Order of anastomosis in lung transplant pulmonary vein, bronchus, pulmonary aery. LUNG TRANSPLANTATION PROCEDURE SLT: Performed through posterolateral thoracotomyQ image on left side DLT: Performed through bilateral thoracotomy or median sternotomyQ Sequence of anastomoses in lung transplantation (PV By BA PA): Pulmona...
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Which statement is FALSE regarding specific learning disorders (SLD)
Specific developmental disorders of scholastic Skills (specific learning disorders) includes reading disorder, spelling disorder, disorder of arithmetical skills, and mixed disorder of Scholastic Skills. Dyslexia (reading disorder) is included in lCD-10 in a separate category of symbolic dysfunction. The terms, Dyscalc...
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An 8-month-old child presented with reduced appetite, abdominal distension and pain and psychomotor retardation. The child was normal at bih and both parents are normal. O/E: - Hepatosplenomegaly Moderate lymphadenopathy Abnormal posturing of the limbs, trunk, and face Impaired voluntary rapid eye movements Cheery red ...
This is a case of Niemann-pick disease. 1. Autosomal recessive disease 2. Divided into 2 groups depending on deficiency: - Deficiency of acid sphingomyelinase enzyme- Type A and B Impaired intracellular cholesterol trafficking- Type C and D 3. Normal at bih 4. Presents with hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and cherr...
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Feature of hydrops fetalis in a fetus can be due to:
Hydrops fetalis - Excessive destruction of the fetal red cells leads to severe anemia, tissue anoxemia and metabolic acidosis It is accumulation of fluid in the body of the fetus in two out of three compaments: ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion Most common cause of immune hydrops fetalis - Rh incompatibil...
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A 40-year old man presented with acute onset pain and swelling of left great toe. On X-ray, punched out lytic lesion seen on phalanx with sclerotic margins and overhanging bony edges. Diagnosis is:
Ans. a. Gout
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Which of the following statements is true concerning the vascular response to injury?
After wounding, there is transient vasoconstriction mediated by catecholamines, thromboxane, and prostaglandin F2 (PGF2a). This period of vasoconstriction lasts for only five to ten minutes. Once a clot has been formed and active bleeding has stopped, vasodilatation occurs in an around the wound. Vasodilatation increas...
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60 yr old male presented with dysphagia. Mucosal biopsy is provided here which show?
.
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The most common ovarian cause of increased androgenic state is:
(A) PCOD# Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS):> it was earlier known as Stein Leventhal syndrome. 1% female population suffers from PCOS, and the patients are mostly 15-25 years age.> PCOS includes chronic non-ovulation and hyperandrogenemia associated with normal or raised oestrogen (E2), raised, LH & low FSH/LH ratio....
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Measles vaccine is not given before:
9 months
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What is the major source of extracellular cholesterol for human tissues?
The uptake of exogenous cholesterol by cells results in a marked suppression of endogenous cholesterol synthesis. Low-density human lipoprotein not only contains the greatest ratio of bound cholesterol to protein but also has the greatest potency in suppressing endogenous cholesterogenesis. normally suppress cholestero...
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Inferior tibiofibular joint is which type of joint
syndesmosis is a fibrous joint between two bones and linked by ligaments and a strong membrane. The distal tibiofibular syndesmosis is asyndesmotic joint. Ref: Maheshwari 6e pg 159,162,163.
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Which is used in CA Breast?
Ans. (b) Doxorubicin(Ref: Bailey 26/e p815, 25/e p844; Schwartz 10/e p550-551, 9/e p263)* In CAF regimen- Adriamycin (Anthracylcines- Doxorubicin or Epirubicin) is used* Anthracyclines have cardio toxicity
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The hard palate contains
The hard palate contains keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, has a submucosa, and contains minor salivary gland. The bony structure of the hard palate is covered by a firmly attached mucosa in the central pa. In the lateral pas, the hard palate also has a submucosal layer containing blood vessels. There are min...
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Subtle presentation of hyperparathyroidism is:
Answer is D (Asymptomatic hypercalcemia) In view of the above facts from Harrison the best option to consider a 'subtle presentation' should probably be `asymptomatic hypercalcemia'
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Which bullet may produce key hole entry wound?
Yawning bullet is irregular pattern, thus producing key hole entry wound in some cases.
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Cardinal signs of Inflammation are all except?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Cyanosis o Cardinal signs of acute inflammation (celsus' signs): Rubor (redness), tumor (swelling), color (warmth), Dolor (pain).
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Oral hypoglycemic drug that is less likely to cause hypoglycemia is:
Rosilglitazone are selective agonists for the nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor,which enhances the transcription of several insulin responsive genes Metformin and glitazones- antihyperglycemic agents- no hypoglycemia but reduce excess plasma glucose levels REF: K D TRIPATHI 6 Edition, Page No - 270)
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A 66-year-old man with obstructive jaundice is found on ERCP to have periampullary carcinoma. He is otherwise in excellent physical shape and there is no evidence of metastasis. What is the most appropriate treatment?
Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas is treated with radical excision of the head of the pancreas along with the duodenum. Continuity of the biliary and GI tract is established by performing hepaticojejunostomy, pancreaticojejunostomy, and gastrojejunostomy (Figure below). The 5-year survival rate is higher for periam...
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Reflux laryngitis produces -a) Sub- glottic stenosis b) Ca larynxc) Cord fixationd) Acute supra- glottitise) Laryngitis
There are lots of controversies regarding the reflux laryngitis secondary to reflux gastrointestinal disease. But now some studies document that there is a clear relation between the two. Reflux laryngitis may have the following sequlae: – Bronchospasm – Chemical pneumonitis – Refractory subglottic stenosis – Refract...
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Activation of classical complement pathway ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., IgM
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Fusion of the caudal portions of the kidneys during embryonic development is most likely to result in which of the following congenital conditions?
During development, the kidneys typically "ascend" from a position in the pelvis to a position high on the posterior abdominal wall. Although the kidneys are bilateral structures, occasionally the inferior poles of the two kidneys fuse. When this happens, the "ascent" of the fused kidneys is arrested by the first midli...
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Mitochondrial chromosomal abnormaity leads to
Diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial genes are rare. Because mitochondrial DNA encodes enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, diseases caused by mutations in such genes affect organs most dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (skeletal muscle, hea, brain). Leber hereditary optic neuropathy is the prot...
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True about protooncogene-
A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression. Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate cell growth and differentiation. Proto-oncogenes are often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals, usually through their protein p...
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The CNS tumor present with calcification:
Oligodendroglioma is associated with calcification. BT associated with calcification (COM):CraniopharyngiomaQ (most) > ODGQ (90%) > MeningiomaQ (20-25%)
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Sellick manouever is used to prevent:
C i.e. Aspiration of Gastric content
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A plant prick can produce sporotrichosis. All are true statements about sporotrichosis except
Sporotrichosis is a chronic infection involving cutaneous, subcutaneous and lymphatic tissue. It is frequently encountered in Gardners, forest workers and manual labourers. It may develop in otherwise healthy individuals also. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology, Ananthanarayan and Paniker; 9th edition
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The major difference between typical and atypical antipsychotics is that
The most impoant reason to classify the antipsychotics in typical and atypical agents is the occurrence of extrapyramidal symptoms. Typical antipsychotics have significant extrapyramidal symptoms such as parkinsonism, acute muscle dystonia and tardive dyskinesia. These side-effects are negligible or minimal with atypic...
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Opsomyoclonus is encountered as C/F of-
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Neuroblastoma o Neuroblastoma can present as paraneoplastic syndrome of autoimune origin manifesting as ataxia or oposmyoclonus (Dancing eyes and dancing feat). o In such cases primary tumor is in the chest or abdomen and the brain is negative for tumor. o Some tumor produce catecholamines that can ca...
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Examine the renal histopathology slide. What is the probable diagnosis?
The presence of diffuse involvement of glomeruli and histologically showing enlarged hyper cellular glomeruli is suggestive of Acute infectious GN. It can be both infectious and non-infectious (SLE) but the most common infectious acute proliferative GN is post streptococcal GN. So, the likely answer is post streptococc...
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Diveiculum most common site is
Sigmoid diveiculitis Diveicular disease refers to acquired pseudo diveicular outpouchings of the colonic mucosa and submucosa. Rare below 30yrs but prevalence approaches 50% beyond 60yrs. Diveicula generally are multiple and the condition is referred to as diveiculosis. PATHOGENESIS Colonic diveicula tend to develop un...
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"Inflation of lungs induces fuher inflation" is explained by:
C i.e Head's paradoxical reflex.Inflation of lungs, under ceain conditions, enhances inspiratory activity.Since inflation induces fuher inflation of lungs, the reflex is considered paradoxical.The vagal fibers mediating Head's paradoxical reflex carry information originating in receptors present in lungs.This reflex ha...
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Flexner-Wintersteiner rossette is seen in-
Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition the microscopic structures of retinoblastoma characteristically arranged in rossettes. The rossettes are of 2 types 1. Flexner Wintersteiner rossettes characterised by small tumor cells arranged around a lumen with their nuclei away from the lumen. 2. Homer Wright rosettes- ...
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Merkels cells of Epidermis are derived from
(C) Neural crest # MERKEL CELLS, which are believed to be derived from the neural crest, contain many large (50-100 nm) dense-cored vesicles, presumably containing transmitters, which are concentrated near the junction with the axon. F.S. Merkel referred to these cells as Tastzellen or "touch cells" Merkel cells are fo...
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A patient of 18 years of age presents with sudden agonising pain in the groin and the lower abdomen. The patient feels nausea and gives a history of vomiting. On physical examination, the testis seems high. The cremasteric reflex is lost. What is the most possible cause?
Ans. (d) Testicular torsion.Testicular torsion is most common between 10 and 25 years of age, although a few cases occur in infancy. Typically, there is sudden agonising pain in the groin and the lower abdomen. The patient feels nauseated and may vomit. Torsion of a fully descended testis is usually easily recognized. ...
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Pleomorphism is seen in:
(Chickenpox): Ref: (134-Park 20th)* Chickenpox shows pleomorphic rash i.e. different stages of the rash evident at one given time because rash appears in successive crops
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Placental alkaline phosphates is marker of:
PLAP-most useful marker for bulk disease. Tumour marker for seminoma is PLAP. BETA HCG is also raised in 5-10% of pure seminomas as they contain syncytiotrophoblast like giant cells.
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Cimetidine inhibits the metabolism of all of the following drugs except.
Ans. (C) Ketoconazole(Ref: KDT 8th/e p698)Cimetidine is a potent inhibitor of microsomal enzymes. It prolongs the half lives of warfarin, theophylline, phenytoin, oral hypoglycemic agents, alcohol and benzodiazepines.
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Cardiac output is increased by all except
Standing from lying down because of pooling of blood in lower limb decrease in cardiac o/p by 20-30%Increasing factorsAnxiety and excitement (50-100%)Eating (30%)Exercise (up to 700%)High environmental temperaturePregnancyEpinephrine 2. Decreasing factorsSitting or standing from lying position (20-30%)Rapid arrhythmias...
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An 8 year old boy presented with fever and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy with prior history of sore throat. There was no hepatomegaly. The peripheral blood smear shows >20% lympho plasmacytoid cells. The most likely diagnosis is:
Ans. B. Infectious MononucleosisThe given clinical situation suggests Infectious MononucleosisFeatures of Infectious Mononucleosis:* Cervical Lymphadenopathy* Fever* History of sore throat* >20% atypical lymphocytesHepatomegaly may be absent (Occurs only in 30% of cases)
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Regarding Good pasture's syndrome all are true except
Good pasture's syndrome causes glomerulonephritis that results in rapidly progressive renal failure.
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A 60-year-old man with diabetes acutely develops double vision and discomfort in his left eye. On examination, there is ptosis of the left eyelid, the eye is rotated down and out, and the pupil is 3 mm and reactive to light. The right eye is normal. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Third nerve palsy can result in ptosis of the eyelid. There is also loss of the ability to open the eye, and the eyeball is deviated outward and slightly downward. With complete lesions, the pupil is dilated, does not react to light, and loses the power of accommodation. In diabetes, the pupil is often spared. The sixt...
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Lethal midline granuloma arises from ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., NK cellso Lethal midline granuloma or polymorphic reticulosis is a lymphoma of natural killer (NK) cells infected with EBV.
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In near vision what is the change?
Ans. b. Depth of focus increasesThe most common problems developed in adults between ages 41 to 60 may to seeing clearly at close distances, especially when reading and working on the computer.This normal change in the eyes focusing ability, called presbyopia.
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In a community of 5000 people, the crude bih rate is 30 per 1000 people. The number of pregnant female is?
Crude Bih rate: Annual number of live bihs per 1000 mid year population Here, CBR is 30 per 1000 population So for 5000 population - 30/1000 x5000 = 150 That implies, no of pregnant women is 150 Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 532
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medmcqa_train
A young male presents with fever, followed by headache, confusion, focal seizures and right hemiparesis. MRI shows bilateral frontotemporal hyperintense lesion. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Patient is showing features suggestive of herpes simplex encephalitis. Clinical manifestations in viral encephalitis includes altered level of consiousness (confusion, behavioral abnormalities), mild lethargy to coma, evidence of both focal or diffuse neurologic signs and symptoms and focal or generalized seizures. Inv...
2,394
medmcqa_train
The shake test shown below can be done to know:
Shake test: - Test done to check cold damage to Vaccine due to freezing. - Once the vaccine is frozen, it tends to form flakes which gradually settle to the bottom, after the l is shaken. - Thus, sedimentation occurs faster in a vaccine l which has been frozen as compared to control l. - These ls should be discarded ir...
2,395
medmcqa_train
Absence of lamina dura in the alveolus occurs in:
Radiological Features of Hyperparathyroidism Subperiosteal resorption of terminal tufts of phalanges, lateral end of clavicle and symphysis pubis. Loss of lamina dura (i.e. thin coical bone of tooth socket surrounding teeth is seen as thin white line, is resorbed). Fig : Loss of Lamina Dura Brown Tumor Salt and Pepper ...
2,396
medmcqa_train
Drug of choice for hypertension in pregnancy-
(B) (Methyldopa) (506 Dutta 7th)* Intravenous labetalol or hydralazine are drugs most commonly used to manage preeclampsia (56-H 8th).* Antihypertensive drugs are essential when the BP is 160/110 mm Hg to protect the mother from eclampsia, cerebral hemorrhage, cardiac failure and placental abruption.* First line therap...
2,397
medmcqa_train
Most common ophthalmic complication of diabetes mellitus is
(A) Retinopathy # Most common ophthalmic complication of diabetes mellitus is diabetic retinopathy, with diabetic retinopathy being the most common preventable cause of blindness> Ocular features of diabetes mellitus: Blurring of vision Cataract formation Diabetic pupil Diabetic retinopathy Macular edema Retinal neovas...
2,398
medmcqa_train
Hyaline casts are seen in
Hyaline casts Normal urine , Febrile disease, diuretics thereapy, prerenal azotemia.
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medmcqa_train