query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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Occlusion of the LAD will lead to infarction of which area - | Occlusion of proximal LAD can result in large anterior wall infarction. If it is distal LAD, then anteroapical or anteroseptal infarction can occur. | 2,500 | medmcqa_train |
The slogan for WHO 2005 – | Year → World Health Day (WHD) Theme
2004 → Road safety is no accident
2005 → Make every mother and child count
2006 → Working together for health
2007 → International health security: Invest in health, build a safer future
2008 → Protecting health from climate change
2009 → Health facilities in emergencies | 2,501 | medmcqa_train |
Investigation of choice for esophageal rupture is? | ANSWER: (D) Water soluble low molecular weight contrast swallowREF: with textUse of non ionic water soluble contrast medium instead of barium is warranted when there is any risk of aspiration or esophageal leak. (Ref: Gastrointestinal Imaging: The Requisites By Giles W. Boland 4th ed page 2)Careful endoscopic assessmen... | 2,502 | medmcqa_train |
The incidence of mental illness is the maximum if the causal factors affect a paicular period - | The incidence of mental illness is the maximum if the causal factors affect a paicular period of first five years of life crucial points in the life cycle of human being which are impoant from the view of mental health are prenatal period, first five years of life, school child , adolescence, old age. ref ;(page no;832... | 2,503 | medmcqa_train |
Brain dead individuals have all of the following features EXCEPT (* NIMHANS March-2017 Post-MBBS, NIMHANS - Feb. 2008) | (C) Only pain is preserved# BRAIN-DEAD> individual has no clinical evidence of brain function upon physical examination.> No response to pain and no cranial nerve reflexes.> Reflexes include pupillary response (fixed pupils), oculocephalic reflex, corneal reflex, no response to the caloric reflex test, and no spontaneo... | 2,504 | medmcqa_train |
Miss folded proteins might be produced due to defect of: | Rough endoplasmic reticulum is associated with protein synthesis, protein folding and miss folded protein degradation. Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:10,11,12 | 2,505 | medmcqa_train |
APGAR score include A/E | Apgar score is an objective method of evaluating the newborn&;s condition. It includes Hea rate, Respiratory effo, Muscle tone, Reflex irritability and Color. It is generally performed at 1min and again at 5 min after bih. Reference : page 126 Ghai Essential Pediatrics 8th edition | 2,506 | medmcqa_train |
Bloom Richardson staging is for? | Ans. (b) Breast cancer(Ref Internet source)Bloom and Richardson grading for cancer breast is based on* Tubules formation* Nuclear pleomorphisms* Mitotic counts | 2,507 | medmcqa_train |
Point B in treatment of Ca cervix corresponds to | B i.e. Obturator Lymph node | 2,508 | medmcqa_train |
Which is the MOST appropriate gestational age for performing amniocentesis? | Amniocentesis is ideally performed between 14-16weeks of gestation. Early amniocentesis can be carried out at 12-14 weeks under ultrasonographic guidance. The fetal cells so obtained are subjected for cytogenetic analysis. Fetal fibroblasts and fluid for biochemistry are used for study. Chorionic villus sampling : is c... | 2,509 | medmcqa_train |
In a 5 year old child, instead of the physiological splitting of second hea sound, expected only during inspiration, a wide and a fixed split of S2 is heard, both during inspiration, as well as expiration. Condition associated with this is? | WIDE FIXED SPLIT OF S2 IS SEEN IN: ASD Right Bundle Branch Block TAPVC WIDE VARIABLE SPITTING OF S2 IS SEEN IN: Pulmonic stenosis VSD Mitral regurgitation | 2,510 | medmcqa_train |
Deficiency of purine nucleoside phosphorylase causes | A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency that is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that has material basis in mutation in the PNP gene and characterized mainly by decreased T-cell function. Ref-Sathyanarayana 4/e | 2,511 | medmcqa_train |
Cataracta brunescens result due to deposition of | Nuclear senile cataract: The usual degenerative changes are intensification of the age- related nuclear sclerosis associated with dehydration and compaction of the nucleus resulting in a hard cataract. It is accompanied by a significant increase in water insoluble proteins. However, the total protein content and distri... | 2,512 | medmcqa_train |
The least extrapyramidal side effects are seen with which of the following phenothiazine? | Side effects of impoant CNS drugs Midazolam Ataxia, Blackouts in elderlyTolcapone Hepatotoxic Phenytoin Hirsuitism , Gingival hyperplasia , Osteomalacia , Teratogen , Megaloblastic anemia , Ataxia, Lymphadenopathy, Hyperglycemia , Arrhythmias, Vitamin K deficiency Valproate Irreversible hepatic necrosis in older childr... | 2,513 | medmcqa_train |
Which is not a variable of MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) formula? | TEST : 1. CKD - EPI - cystatin C method (BEST) ; Cystatin - C is produced by nucleated cells 2. Modification of diet in renal disease formula GFR= 186.3 x (serum creatinine level ( mg/dl))-1.154 x age-0.203 x ( 0.742 if female ) x (1.21 if black) 3. Cockroft Gault formula 4. Creatinine clearance 5. Inulin clearance | 2,514 | medmcqa_train |
Feature of post ovulatory endometrium on ultrasound is: | Ans. is d, i.e. Prominent posterior enhancementRef: Transvaginal Ultrasound by Melvin G. Dodson 1st/ed, p86This is a very important QuestionIMPORTANT: The appearances of endometrium on transvaginal ultrasound during different stages of normal menstrual cycle has been summarized here.A. Just after menstruation (days 3-7... | 2,515 | medmcqa_train |
Kaposi sarcoma is commonly seen in ? | " It occurs predominantly on the skin and can involve viually any organ, perhaps except the brain. The initially described form, now known as classic KS, predominantly involves the lower extremities of elderly men. KS is now the most common tumor seen in HIV-infected patients Ref : Bailey and love surgery text book 27t... | 2,516 | medmcqa_train |
Tension band wiring is indicated in fracture of which of the following ? | Tension band wiring is indicated in the treatment of two types of olecranon fracture. First type is a clean break with separation of the fragments, and second type is comminuted fracture of the olecranon with displced fragments. A crack in the olecranon without displacement is treated by immobilising the elbow in an ab... | 2,517 | medmcqa_train |
Giant papillary conjunctivitis is seen | It is the inflammation of conjunctiva with formation of very large sized papillae. Etiology :It is a localised allergic response to a physically rough or deposited surface (contact lens, prosthesis, left out nylon sutures). Probably it is a sensitivity reaction to components of the plastic leached out by the action of ... | 2,518 | medmcqa_train |
Best investigation for pericardial effusion is - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Echocardiography Investigations o Investiation of choice to identify individual cardiac chamber enlargement - 2D-echocardiography. o Inv estigation of choice for pericardial effusion - 2D-echocardiography. o Investigation of choice for valvular heart disease - 2D-echocardiography. o Investigation of c... | 2,519 | medmcqa_train |
Histopathology showing large cells with plant like apperance with perinuclear halo is seen in which type of renal cell carcinoma ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., ChromophobicHistopathological findings of perinuclear halo and plant cell appearance are seen in chromophobe cell carcinoma ofRCC.o Electron microscopic finding consisting of numerous 150-300 nm microvesicles is the single most distinctive and defining feature of chromophobe cell ca. | 2,520 | medmcqa_train |
Selective alpha 2 agoinst used in glaucoma - | Brimonidine (0.2% : 2 times/day). It is a selective alpha-2-adrenergic agonist and lowers IOP by decreasing aqueous production. Because of increased allergic reactions and tachyphylaxis rates it is not considered the drug of first choice in POAG. It is used as second drug of choice and also for combination therapy with... | 2,521 | medmcqa_train |
The rate of formation of CSF per day: | 5000 c.c. | 2,522 | medmcqa_train |
Which one of the following surgical procedures is considered to have a clean-contaminated wound ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Elective open cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis | 2,523 | medmcqa_train |
A 63-year-old man with insulin-dependent diabetes develops a black, crusting lesion in the nose and left maxillary sinus. Biopsy reveals nonseptate hyphae, which confirms the diagnosis of what? SELECT ONE. | Mucor is an opportunistic mold that causes mucormycosis. At least 50% of reported cases are associated with uncontrolled diabetes, and many of the remaining patients are immuno- suppressed. It appears as black crusting in the nose and sinuses and spreads rapidly to involve the cerebrum. Biopsy reveals nonseptate hyphae... | 2,524 | medmcqa_train |
Coagulative necrosis is seen in | . | 2,525 | medmcqa_train |
Depigmenting agent of choice in in treatment of dermatological disorders is - | <p>DEPIGMENTING AGENTS:- Include agents like hydroquinone(2%-5%),azelaic acid (10%-20%), glycolic acid (6%-12%) and monobenzene. They act by inhibiting tyrosinase enzyme. Hydroquinone is most commonly used.It can be combined with steroids and retinoids in the treatment of melasma. Kligmans regimen- 5% hydroquinone+0.1%... | 2,526 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is true regarding Okazaki fragment? | Ans. C. Several Okazaki fragments must be sequentially synthesized for each replication forka. Okazaki fragments are segments of DNA attached to an RNA initiator component.b. They are related to the lagging strand.c. Helicase acts on the lagging strand to unwind dsDNA. | 2,527 | medmcqa_train |
The hyperosmolarity of the renal meduila is due to increased content of - | B i.e. Na + | 2,528 | medmcqa_train |
Paradoxical respiration is seen in | Diaphragmatic palsy Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysisUnilateral diaphragmatic paralysisMost common cause of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis are:High spinal cord injuryThoracic trauma (cardiac surgery)Multiple sclerosisAnterior horn disease Muscular dystrophyMost patients present with hypercapnic respiratory failure, ... | 2,529 | medmcqa_train |
In this child Which of the following enzymes is likely to be deficient? | Ans. A. HGPRTaseSlide 1 showing nibbling of lips and fingers; slide 2 showing bite marks on hand inflicted by self. Self-mutilation seen in Lesch Nyhan Syndrome; characteristic of the disease in children.Clinical signs and symptoms seen in Lesch Nyhan Syndrome:a. Biochemical: Hyperuricemia, can result ini. Gout (Joint ... | 2,530 | medmcqa_train |
Musculature of first pharyngeal arch is supplied by which cranial nerve? | Musculature of the first pharyngeal arch includes the muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, and pterygoids), anterior belly of the digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, and tensor palatini. The nerve supply to the muscles of the first arch is provided by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerveRef: Langman... | 2,531 | medmcqa_train |
which of the following antidepressent causes hypeensive crisis | MAOI * IMPOANCE First class of antidepressant drugs that were introduced * MECHANISM There are three monoamines namely dopamine, adrenaline and serotonin. These mon amines are degraded by monoamine oxidase. MAOI inhibit this enzyme and acts increasing monoamines * DRUGS Phenelezine Tranylcipromine * USE ATYPICAL DEPRES... | 2,532 | medmcqa_train |
All the following polyps are premalignant except:March 2011 | Ans. C: Hyperplastic polypsIt is now appreciated that hyperplastic polyps are without malignant potentialJuvenile polyps that are single and have been completely excised carry no significant increased risk of malignancy. Multiple juvenile polyps can be a sign of the familial juvenile polyposis syndrome. This has a sign... | 2,533 | medmcqa_train |
In an elective lap cholecystectomy with no gross spillage, antibiotics required are | Elective lap cholecystectomy is a clean-contaminated surgery, single preoperative IV antibiotic during decisive period is sufficientThere is no evidence that fuher doses of antibiotics after surgery are of any value in prophylaxis against infectionWhen wounds are heavily contaminated or when an incision is made into an... | 2,534 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following may be used to treat Acute Hypercalcemia Except: | Answer is D (Gallium Nitrate) Gallium Nitrate exes s hypocalcemic effect by inhibiting calcium resorption from bone. Maximum hypocakemic effect of gallium nitrate may take 3-4 days to appear and it is not often used now because of availability of superior alternatives. Gallium nitrate is the single best answer of exclu... | 2,535 | medmcqa_train |
Hampton's line is feature of | 'Hampton's line' :- - is thin radiolucent line seen at the neck of a gastric ulcer in barium studies - it is seen in benign gastric ulcer - it's caused by thin line of mucosa overhaning ulcer's crater Hampton's line Carman Meniscus sign - (in Malignant gastric ulcer) Duodenal ulcer: - is associated with increased acid ... | 2,536 | medmcqa_train |
A patient developed breathlessness and chest pain, on second postoperative day after a total hip replacement. Echo-cardiography showed right ventricular dilatation and tricuspid regurgitation. What is the most likely diagnosis? | The clinical history corresponding to the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. For a patient presenting with acute breathlessness and chest pain and in whom right ventricular dilatation with tricuspid regurgitation and mild elevation of pulmonary aery pressure is noted, a pulmonary embolus should be the initial diagnosis t... | 2,537 | medmcqa_train |
Dimorphic with subcutaneous Mycosis is | Sporotrichosis:
Dimorphic fungi
Causes subcutaneous infections. | 2,538 | medmcqa_train |
The phenomenon of conception of a woman due to deposition of semen on vulva without vaginal penetration is called as | FECUNDATION AB EXTRA: The conception of the female due to deposition of semen on the vulva, without penetration of the vagina - The insemination occurs due to the passage of spermatozoa from external genitalia to the uterus. Ref - Krishnan Vij 5th edition pg 395 , 404 | 2,539 | medmcqa_train |
Pilocarpine reduce the intraocular pressure in person with closed angle glaucoma by | Refer kDT 7/e p 156 It has also been used in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma and acute angle-closure glaucoma It acts on a subtype of muscarinic receptor (M3) found on the iris sphincter muscle, causing the muscle to contract -resulting in pupil constriction (miosis). Pilocarpine also acts on the ciliary m... | 2,540 | medmcqa_train |
A variety of basic assays are used to detect autoantibodies. Nephelometry is based on the principle of: | Nephelometry measures the interaction of antibodies and antigens in solution, detecting immune complex formation by monitoring changes in the scattering of an incident light. Ref: Imboden J.B. (2007). Chapter 3. Laboratory Diagnosis. In J.B. Imboden, D.B. Hellmann, J.H. Stone (Eds), CURRENT Rheumatology Diagnosis & Tre... | 2,541 | medmcqa_train |
Stocker&;s line is seen in | Pterygium It presents as a triangular fold of conjunctiva encroaching the cornea in the area of the palpebral apeure, usually on the nasal side, but may also occur on the temporal side. Deposition of iron seen sometimes in corneal epithelium anterior to advancing head of the pterygium called as stocker's line. Pas. A f... | 2,542 | medmcqa_train |
Which one of the following congenital hea diseases has cyanosis without cardiomeglay and/ or congestive hea failure - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Fallot's Tetralogy Cardiomegaly and CHF do not occur in Fallot's tetrology. No Cardiomegaly o First you should know the following facts : ? i) Pressure overload to ventricles causes concentric hyperophy without dilatation. ii) Volume overload to ventricles causes hyperophy with dilatation --> Eccentri... | 2,543 | medmcqa_train |
True about stomach carcinoma - | Answer 'a' i.e. Weightloss is commonest feature Symptoms of gastric cancer Earliest symptom is usually vague postprandial abdominal heaviness Most common symptom is weight loss Other symptoms are: - anorexia - abdominal pain (usually not severe) vomiting may be present and becomes a major feature if pyloric obstruction... | 2,544 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following organism is most commonly considered responsible for SIDS especially after giving honey to the neonate or infant? | Ans. A. Clostridium botulinum.(Ref. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th ed. Chapter 367)Sudden infant death syndrome# Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexpected, sudden death of a child under age 1 in which an autopsy does not show an explainable cause of death.# SIDS is most likely to occur between 2 and 4 ... | 2,545 | medmcqa_train |
A patient consults a dermatologist about a skin lesion on her neck. Examination reveals a 1-cm diameter,red, scaly plaque with a rough texture and irregular margins. Biopsy demonstrates epidermal and dermal cells with large, pleomorphic, hyperchromatic nuclei. Which of the following conditions would most likely predisp... | The lesion is a squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Actinic keratosis, which is a hyperplastic lesion of sun-damaged skin, predisposes for squamous cell carcinoma. Another predisposing condition to remember is xeroderma pigmentosum, which predisposes for both squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas of skin. A nevus is... | 2,546 | medmcqa_train |
In Osteomalacia | Rickets / Osteomalacia Pathophysiology - Failure of calcification & mineralization of cailage and osteoid tissue Clinical featuresRadiological featuresGeneralized muscle weakness, lethargy, irritability and listlessness Protuberant abdomen Large head, open fontanelles and craniotabesThickening of knees, ankle & wrists ... | 2,547 | medmcqa_train |
Frotteurism: | Ans. (c) Pleasure in touching opposite sexRef: The Essentials ofFSM by K.S. Narayan Reddy 31st ed. / 404* FROTTEURISM: rubbing the genitalia with the body of the person of other sex for sexual satisfaction.* Paraphilias: Abnormal 8c unorthodox sex play by using unusual objects or parts are know as paraphilia eg. Sadoma... | 2,548 | medmcqa_train |
A 23-year-old woman is noticed to have irregular pupils on routine examination. She has 1 large pupil, which has minimal response to light stimulation, but it does respond to accommodation. The eye movements are normal and she experiences no double vision.For the above patient with a pupillary abnormality, select the m... | The tonic pupil (Holmes-Adie syndrome) is caused by a parasympathetic lesion at or distal to the ciliary ganglion. The pupil is large and usually unilateral, with absent response to light. A bright room, by causing constriction of the normal pupil, accentuates the anisocoria. The tonic pupil can be associated with Shy-... | 2,549 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is secreted by TRH stimulation? | TRH is derived from a pro-TRH peptide. Like other hypothalamic-releasing hormones, TRH reaches the anterior pituitary the hypothalamic-pituitary poal circulation. It interacts with specific receptors on pituitary thyrotrophs to release TSH and on mammotrophs to release prolactin. Ref: Textbook of Endocrine Physiology e... | 2,550 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are components of withdrawl reflex except | Inverse stretch reflex is not component of withdrawl reflex. | 2,551 | medmcqa_train |
Nutrient and oxygen reach the chondrocytes across perichondrium by | an impoant fact about cailage matrix is that it is avascular, i.e. not supplied by capillariestherefore, chondrocytes within the matrix must receive nutrients and oxygen by diffusion from vessels that lie outside the cailagethis long-distance diffusion is possible because of the large volume of water trapped within the... | 2,552 | medmcqa_train |
A 20 year old boy c/o hearing of voices, aggressive behavior since 2 days. He has fever since 2 days. When asked to his family, they say that he has been muttering to self and gesticulating. There is no of psychiatric illness. Likely diagnosis is: | B i.e. Acute psychosis- Delusions or hallucinations (suchas hearing voices in this case) with grossly disorganized speech and behavior (such as muttering to self, gesticulation, aggressiveness in this case) of acute onset with normal cognition & consciousness indicate the diagnosis of acute psychosis (i.e. psychosis of... | 2,553 | medmcqa_train |
Spuriously high BP is seen in A/E : | A i.e. Auscultatory gap | 2,554 | medmcqa_train |
All are Glucogenic hormones except? | Ans. A ADHRef: Ganong, 25th ed. pg. 442Glucagon, thyroxine, cortisol and growth hormone increase blood sugar levels and are glucogenic. ADH regulates water re-absorption via the collecting duct. | 2,555 | medmcqa_train |
Which type of Human papilloma virus is most commonly associated with Cervical cancer ? | Genital HPV infection is extremely common and most often cause no symptoms. A propoion of individuals infected with low-risk HPV types such as HPV-6 or HPV-11 will develop genital was, whereas a subset of women with high-risk HPVs such as HPV-16 or HPV-18 will develop preneoplastic lesions of cervical intraepithelial n... | 2,556 | medmcqa_train |
Ashley's rule is used to : | Ashley's rule States that male sternum lenth will be more than 149mm and female sternum lenth will be less than 149mm. | 2,557 | medmcqa_train |
Statins act on which enzyme - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., HMG CoA reductase Hypolipidemic drugsHMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) - Lovastatin. Simvastatin, Pravastatin, Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin.Bile acid sequestrants (Resins) - cholestyramine, colestipol.Activate lipoprotein lipase (fibric acid derivatives) - clofibrate, gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, feno... | 2,558 | medmcqa_train |
Antiendomysial antibody is used in screening of ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Coeliac diseases Coeliac disea.se (CD) is a permanent intolerance of the small intestine to gluten, characterized by gluten-dependent changes in villous morphology and/or signs of immunological activation detectable in the lamina propria of intestinal mucosa. The presence of serum anti-endomysial anti... | 2,559 | medmcqa_train |
Primary level of prevention is? | Modes Primordial Before the emergence of risk factor Health education Primary Risk factor but no disease yet Health promotion, specific protection Secondary Disease possible staed in the body Early diagnosis, Treatment Teiary Disease is already in progression Disability limitation , Rehabilitation | 2,560 | medmcqa_train |
Allen test detects insufficiency of which aery | Allen's Test Tests the adequacy of the blood supply to the hand from the radial and ulnar aeries and the arcade between them Allen's test is used to know the integrity of palmar arcg (patency of radial and ulnar aeries). If these are patent, AVF can be safely ligated Method of Allen's test Elevate the hand and apply di... | 2,561 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following features is not shared between 'T cells' and 'B cells' - | Option 1 During development T cells undergo both positive selection and negative selection, while B cells undergo only negative selection (by apoptosis of self-reacting immature B-cells in spleen). Death of cells with TCRs that do not react with self MHC proteins - negative selectionSurvival of cells with TCRs that rea... | 2,562 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statements is true regarding the relation of bile duct | Bile duct : Anatomy It lies in front of the poal vein and to the right of the hepatic aery Common hepatic duct is 1-4cm in length and has a diameter of approx. 4mm CBD is about 7-11 cm in length and 5-10 mm in diameter A fibroareolar tissue containing scant smooth muscle surround the mucosa (a distinct muscle layer is ... | 2,563 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is a manifestation of magnesium deficiency? | Magnesium deficiency causes irritability, hyper reflexion and sometimes hyporeflexia, tetany and seizures. Ref: Park 22nd edition, page 577. | 2,564 | medmcqa_train |
The most important function of epithelioid cells in tuberculosis is: | Ans. (b) Secretory(Ref: Immunology, 8th edition, by David Male; pg 427)Epithelioid cells are transformed macrophages that have lost their phagocytic function but retained their secretory activity.Epithelioid cells contain numerous endoplasmic reticulum & golgi bodies.They secrete IL10, TNF alpha, TGF beta; | 2,565 | medmcqa_train |
Smoke stake pattern is characteristic of? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Central serous retinopathy * Smoke stack pattern (small hyper fluorescent spot which ascends vertically like a smoke-stack), which gradually spreads laterally to take a mushroom or umbrella configuration, is a Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) finding of Central Serous Retinopathy.* Another importa... | 2,566 | medmcqa_train |
Surgical scissors left in abdomen is covered under which doctrine - | Res ipsa loquitur: means the thing or fact speaks for itself. Here the patient has to merely state the act of negligence. It must satisfy the conditions that in the absence of negligence, the injury would not have occurred ordinarily, the doctor had exclusive control over the injury-producing treatment or instrument an... | 2,567 | medmcqa_train |
Patient presenting with abdominal pain, diarrhea taking clindamycin for 5 days. Treated with metronidazole symptoms subsided. What is the causative agent - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Clostridium difficile | 2,568 | medmcqa_train |
Indication for intramuscular iron therapy? | Ans. d (Oral iron intolerance). (Ref. KDT, Pharmacology, 6th/pg.584)IRON THERAPY# Some iron preparations come with other compounds designed to enhance iron absorption, such as ascorbic acid,# Typically, for iron replacement therapy, up to 300 mg of elemental iron per day is given, usually as three or four iron tablets ... | 2,569 | medmcqa_train |
Edrophonium binds to which site of Acetylcholinesterase | Edrophonium is ultra sho-acting acetylcholinesterase drug which binds only to anionic site Ref: KDT 6th ed pg 104 | 2,570 | medmcqa_train |
Indications for exchange transfusion are all except? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cord bilirubin < 5 mg/100 ml Cord bilirubin 5 or more is an indication. | 2,571 | medmcqa_train |
A 26-year-old recently married woman presents with tender nodules on her shin. Initial history taking should include questions about | Red tender nodules on her shin could be erythema nodosum; Erythema nodosum is a type of panniculitis, i.e. an inflammatory disorder affecting subcutaneous fat.Oral contraceptives which this newly married woman would take is likely hereOther causes are Neutrophilic dermatoses (Behcet's disease, Sweet's syndrome), iodide... | 2,572 | medmcqa_train |
Fatty acid found exclusively in breast milk is:- | - Fatty acid found exclusively in breast milk: DHA (Docosa hexanoic acid) - It aids in development of brain by promoting myelination of neurons. OTHER ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS & THEIR RICH SOURCES: Linoleic acid, Arachidonic acid - Safflower oil Linolenic acid - flaxseed oil, soyabean oil Eichosa pentanoic acid - fish oil... | 2,573 | medmcqa_train |
Severity of mitral stenosis is determined by: March 2005 | Ans. B: Diastolic murmur duration Mitral Stenosis Severity assessment on auscultation - Time interval between A2 and opening snap is inversely propoional to the severity of MS. - Duration (of low pitched, rumbling, diatolic murmur, heard at the apex) of murmur correlates with the severity of stenosis in patients with p... | 2,574 | medmcqa_train |
30 year old patient with pain in right hypochondrium for 5 days with soft and tender liver and intercostal tenderness. He complains of catch in breath on inspiration and has a non productive cough. On examination the lung fields are clear, patient looks pale and emaciated. Probable diagnosis is | Ans. (a) Ameobic liver abscessRef:Manipal Manual of surgery, 4th ed./521Refer to the above explanationHydatid cystUsually clinically silentEnlarged liver with smooth surface and is non tender.Pyogenic liver abscessMultiple abscess leading to spiky fever and enlarged liver.Hepatic adenomaPresents in young women on OCP a... | 2,575 | medmcqa_train |
In post-hepatic jaundice, the concentration of conjugated bilirubin in the blood is higher than that of unconjugated bilirubin because - | Jaundice
Jaundice is not a disease but rather a sign that can occur in many different diseases.
Jaundice is the yellowish staining of skin and sclerae which is caused by the high level of blood bilirubin.
On the basis of etiology, jaundice can be divided into 3 types : -
1. Prehepatic jaundice
Prehepatic jaundice is... | 2,576 | medmcqa_train |
The causative organism can be best isolated in which of the following conditions. | Staphylococcus aureus can be isolated from a tampon of a patient with toxic shock syndrome. S.aureus strains isolated from patients with toxic shock syndrome produce a toxin called toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), which can be found in the vagina, on tampons, in wounds or other localized infections, or in the thr... | 2,577 | medmcqa_train |
A 63-year-old woman fell while crossing the street after her Thursday afternoon bridge game. Attempts at resuscitation for cardiac arrest by the emergency medical service (EMS) team were unsuccessful. The woman had previously been diagnosed as having aortic stenosis and left ventricular hypertrophy. In addition to thes... | Sudden cardiac death is defined as an unexpected death occurring within 1 hour after the beginning of symptoms in a patient who was previously hemodynamically stable. In asymptomatic patients presenting initially with cardiac disease, 20% will die within the first hour of symptoms. Electrolyte imbalance, hypoxia, and c... | 2,578 | medmcqa_train |
Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder is associated with- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Schistosomiasis; 'b' i.e., Naphthylamine & 'c' i.e., SmokingRisk factors for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of bladder ?I. Smoking ---> Major etiological factor.Occupational exposure to chemicals Nephthylamine benzidine, aniline dyes, acrolein.Schistosoma haematobium (Bilharziasis) ---> It is a ris... | 2,579 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following regulates lipolysis in adipocytes? | Ans. B. Activation of triglyceride lipase as a result of hormone-stimulated increases in cyclic AMP levelsa. Lipolysis is directly regulated by hormones in adipocytes. Epinephrine stimulates adenylate cyclase to produce cyclic AMP, which in turn stimulates a protein kinase.b. The kinase activates triglyceride lipase by... | 2,580 | medmcqa_train |
What is the expected mixed venous oxygen tension, in mm Hg, in a normal adult after breathing 100% oxygen for 10 minutes? | Ans. (c) 45Ref: American Board of Anesthesiology American Society of Anesthesiologists, Book A 1996 q-67Breathing 100% oxygen will not change the oxygen saturation much. In arterial blood it is around 97% saturation which corresponds to a PO2 of 100 mm HgIn venous blood it is 75% saturation which corresponds to a mixed... | 2,581 | medmcqa_train |
Muscle attached to medial border of scapula is- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rhomboidus Major * Lateral border of scapula (posteriorly) : Origins of teres minor and teres major.* Medial border of scapula : (i) Anteriorly : Insertion of serratus anterior; (ii) Posteriorly : Insertions of levator scapulae, rhomboideus major and minor. | 2,582 | medmcqa_train |
Seminal stain can be detected by | Test for seminal stains
Creatine phosphokinase test
Acid phosphatase test
Florence test (Choline iodide crystals)
Barberio's test (Crystals of spesmin picrate). | 2,583 | medmcqa_train |
Oligohydramnios is seen in: | Oligohydramnios can be caused by - Renal anomalies Uteroplacental insufficiency: IUGR ACE inhibitors Premature rupture of membranes Amniocentesis (leak) Pre-ecclampsia Amnion nodosum NSAIDs Post term pregnancy over estimated gestational age The sonographic diagnosis of oligohydramnios is usually based on an AFI < 5 cm ... | 2,584 | medmcqa_train |
The normal P wave is inveed in lead : | Answer is D (aVR) The normal P wave is negative (inveed) in lead aVR. Characteristics of a Normal P Wave P wave results from spread of electrical activity through the atria (Atrial Depolarization) A normal p wave indicates that the electrical impulse responsible for the p wave originated in the sinus node and the norma... | 2,585 | medmcqa_train |
Physiological uncoupler is | Uncouplers will allow oxidation to proceed, but the energy instead of being trapped by phosphorylation Fig. 19.18. Impoant mitochondrial membrane transpoers. 1 = PYT (pyruvate transpoer); 2 = TCT (tricarboxylate transpoer); 3 = ANT (adenine nucleotide transpoer) is dissipated as heat. This is achieved by removal of the... | 2,586 | medmcqa_train |
A 55 year old diabetic man is brought to the emergency room in an unresponsive state. The following laboratory values are obtained: PCO2 19 mm Hg, HCO3 11 mEq/L, and pH 6.9. The most appropriate immediate treatment of this patient is ? | This patient is in a diabetic ketoacidotic coma. The goals in treating such a patient are to increase the rate of glucose utilization by insulin-dependent tissues, to reverse ketonemia and acidosis, and to replenish fluid imbalances. Oral hypoglycemic agents are commonly prescribed for the maintenance of NIDDM patients... | 2,587 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following antibacterial drug is polar? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ampicillin Ampicillin: It is an ionized highly polar drug. In the duodenum it exes a zwitter ion effect and thus has a lower bioavailabilty. Though the oral absorption is incomplete it is adequate. It is an antibacterial drug acting both on gram positive and gram negative organisms. Main mode of excre... | 2,588 | medmcqa_train |
The main action of muscle "Gamellius" is? | Gemellus muscle laterally rotates the femur at the hip joint. Superior gemellus muscle: Attaches proximally at the ischial spine; distally, the muscle attaches on the greater trochanter of the femur. The nerve to the obturator internus and superior gemellus muscles (L5, S1, S2) innervates this muscle.Inferior gemellus ... | 2,589 | medmcqa_train |
A patient with pheochromocytoma would secrete which of the following in a higher concentration? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Norepinephrine o Most pheochromocytomas contain and secrete both nor epinephrine and epinephrine and the percentage of norepine phrine is usually greater than in normal adrenal.Pheoch rornocvtom||AdrenalCan't suppress ACTHo Most of them secrete norepinephrineo Exclusively secrete nor epinephrine | 2,590 | medmcqa_train |
The structural abnormality of chromosome in which one arm is lost and remaining arm is duplicated is called: | b. Isochromosome(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 590', Ghai 8/e p 637)Iso-chromosome results when 1 arm of a chromosome is lost and the remaining arm is duplicated or when the axis of division occurs perpendicular to the normal axis of division. | 2,591 | medmcqa_train |
Columella effect is seen in | Columella effect is seen in type 3 tympanoplasty (myringostapediopexy) where single ossicle remains just like that of bird&;s ear. In Type III tympanoplasty Malleus and incus are absent. Graft is placed directly on the stapes head. It is also called myringostapediopexy or columella tympanoplasty. Re: Textbook of Ear, N... | 2,592 | medmcqa_train |
A Patient with increased BP and decreased hea rate is likely to have | Cushing's reflex , is a physiological nervous system response to increased intra cranial pressure.Results in cushings triad - increased BP, irregular breathing and bradycardia. Usually seen in terminal stages of head injury . It can also be seen after iv administration of epinephrine. In head injury- CPP=MAP-ICP. CPP- ... | 2,593 | medmcqa_train |
Chloroquine is given as 600 mg loading dose because: | Oral absorption of CQ is excellent. About 50% gets bound in the plasma. It has high affinity for melanin and nuclear chromatin: gets tightly bound to these tissue constituents and is concentrated in liver, spleen, kidney, lungs (several hundred-fold), skin, leucocytes and some other tissues. Its selective accumulation ... | 2,594 | medmcqa_train |
Treatment of acute lymphangitis requires: | Treatment of acute lymphangitis requires antibiotic and rest. | 2,595 | medmcqa_train |
Lisch nodules (Pigmented Iris hamartomas) are seen in | Ans. b (Neurofibromatosis) (Ref. Harrison's Internal Medicine 17th ed., Chapter 374; RRM 7th ed., p.316)# Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma) and Optic gliomas = NF-1.# Glaucoma = Sturge Weber syndome.# Retinal angiomas = VHL# GlaucomaNEUROFIBROMATOSIS# Autosomal dominant inherited disorder- pure neurofibromas (= tumor of n... | 2,596 | medmcqa_train |
All of the features of Wilson's disease, EXCEPT: | Ans. is 'b' Testicular atrophy Basic defect in Wilson's disease is|Reduced biliary exception of copper*|Cu accumulates in hepatocytes resulting in liver damage (Manifest almost all types of hepatitis* including fulminant hepatitis)|Liver cells get saturated with Cu|Cu spilled in plasma|Gets deposited in following organ... | 2,597 | medmcqa_train |
Valley fever or dese rheumatism is caused by? | Coccidioidomycosis (also called dese rheumatism or San Joaquin Valley fever or California fever) - A systemic fungal disease caused by a dimorphic soil dwelling fungus - Coccidioides Sporotrichosis or Rose Gardner's disease is chronic subcutaneous pyogranulomatous disease caused by a thermally dimorphic fungus Sporothr... | 2,598 | medmcqa_train |
Which one of the following is not an amide – | Esters (aminoesters) :- Procaine, chlorprocaine, tetracaine (amethocaine), Benzocaine, Cocaine.
Amides (aminoamides) Lignocaine, Mepivacaine, Prilocaine, Bupivacaine, Etidocaine, Ropivacaine , Dibucaine. | 2,599 | medmcqa_train |
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