dataset
string
id
string
question
string
choices
list
rationale
string
answer
string
subject
string
medmcqa
medmcqa_29686
Female patient with multiple, way lesions sessile, seen on vulva. Don't bleed on touch?
[ "Condyloma accuminata", "Chancroid", "Molluscum", "Herpes genitalis" ]
Condyloma acuminata Caused by HPV 6>11 C/F- Pointed lesions ,Asymptomatic, pink verrucous lesion. Site - In males- Coronal sulcus, frenulum In females- Posterior fourchette Treatment- Topical {Imiquimod> Podophyllotoxin}
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28270
Placement of double lumen tube for lung surgery is best confirmed by:
[ "EtCO2", "Airway pressure measurement", "Clinically by auscultation", "Bronchoscopy" ]
D i.e. Bronchoscopy During thoracic surgery there may be a need for one lung to be deflated offering surgeon easier and better access. This is achieved by double lumen endotracheal tubes that allows anesthetist to selectively deflate one lung while maintaining standard ventilation ti of other. The position of the tube ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31411
False +ive VDRL test is/are seen in-
[ "Leprosy", "Malaria", "Relapsing fever", "All" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Leprosy; 'b' i.e., Malaria; 'c' i.e., Relapsing fever
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_25492
Acoustic dip occurs at -
[ "2000Hz", "4000 Hz", "500Hz", "1500 Hz" ]
Acoustic dip is dip seen in pure tone audiometry due to noise trauma, which is seen typically at 4 kHz i.e. 4000 Hz.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_10393
Aerial blood gas analysis of a patient reveals - pH 7.2, HCO3 36 mmol/L pCO2 70 mmHg. The abnormality is
[ "Respiratory acidosis with metabolic alkalosis", "Respiratory acidosis", "Respiratory alkalosis with metabolic acidosis", "Respiratory acidosis with metabolic acidosis" ]
Answer- A. Respiratory acidosis with metabolic alkalosisIn this patientpH - DecreasedHCO3 - IncreasedPCO2 - IncreasedPCO2 is increased which indicates respiratory acidosisHCO3- is increased which indicates metabolic alkalosisThus this is a case of mixed disorder, where respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis exist...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52285
Microalbuminuria is defined as albumin
[ "<30 microgms/24 hrs. urine collection", "30-300 microgms/24 hrs. urine collection", "300-550 microgms/24 hrs. urine collection", ">550 microgms/24 hrs. urine collection" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28549
Which ATT drug is to be avoided in pregnancy -
[ "INH", "Rifampicin", "Streptomycin", "Ethambutol" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Steptomycin o Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic contraindicated in pregnancy due to risk of fetal ototoxicity,o Recommended treatment in pregnancy is (2HRZ + 4HR) for 6 months by WHO and British Thoracic Society,o Ethambutol can be added during late but not early pregnancy.o In India, treat...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38194
Inhalational agent of choice in children:
[ "Sevoflurane", "Isofurane", "Desflurane", "Halothane" ]
A. i.e. Sevoflurane
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31775
Advantage of desmopressin over vasopressin in the treatment of diabetes insipidus is that desmopressin :
[ "Causes less formation of factor VIII", "Causes less hypernatremia", "Is more selective for V2 receptor subtype", "Provides greater relief of excessive thirst the patient is experiencing" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22208
Pathological nipple discharge is mostly associated with?
[ "Fibroadenoma", "Duct papilloma", "Adenocarcinoma", "Lobular carcinoma" ]
Ans. (b) Duct papillomaRef: Bailey & Love 24th ed p 828, Schwartz 9thed ch-17
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38652
All of the following are used in the treatment of hyperkalemia except:
[ "Calcium gluconate", "Hypertonic saline", "Sodium bicarbonate", "Insulin" ]
b. Hypertonic saline(Ref: Nelson 20/e p 357-362)Drugs used in the treatment of acute hyperkalemia include: Calcium gluconate, Sodium bicarbonate, Insulin infusions & salbutamol nebulisation
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8479
Suicidal enzyme is -
[ "C ycl oxygen ase", "Lipoox ygen se", "Dehydrogenase", "Pyruvate kinase" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cycloxygenase
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50014
The chemotactic factor is:
[ "C2a", "C3b", "C4a", "C5a" ]
C5a is a chemotactic molecule specifically recognized by polymorphonuclear leukocytes or phagocytic cells. This substance causes leukocytes to migrate to a tissue in which an antigen–antibody reaction is taking place.  At that site, a phagocytic cell recognizes opsonized particles and ingests them. C5a not only has a c...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14954
Which of the following viral infections is associated with highest risk of progression to fulminant disease and acute liver failure:
[ "HEV infection", "HBV Infection", "HBV/HDV coinfection", "HDV /HBV Superinfection" ]
Answer is D (HDV/HBV Superinfection) HDV superinfection of chronic Hepatitis B is associated with a 20 percent risk of progression to fulminant hepatitis and Acute Hepatic Failure. Feature HAV HCV HEV HBV Fulminant Infection 0.1% 0.1% 1-2 % HBV : 1 % (Acute Liver Failure) in HEV pregnant p HBV/HDV Co-infection : 5 % Wo...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29449
Fallots tetralogy manifestation
[ "Left axis detion", "Left ventrucular hyperophy", "VSD", "All" ]
Answer is C (VSD ) Tetralogy of Fallot is associated wit Right axis detion Tetralogy of Fallot is associated with right ventricular Hyperophy Morphine is indicated in the management of-Anoxic Spells
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22401
A post-operative cardiac surgical patient developed sudden hypotension, raised central venous pressure, pulsus paradoxus at the 4th post operative hour. The most probable diagnosis is:
[ "Excessive mediastinal bleeding", "Ventricular dysfunction", "Congestive cardiac failure", "Cardiac tamponade" ]
Answer is D (Cardiac tamponade) Features of rising pressure, falling aerial pressure and pulsus paradoxus following surgery on the hea leads us to the diagnosis of cardiac tamponade.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_19046
Acne vulgaris is caused by-
[ "Staph aureus", "Diphtheroids", "Sweat gland hyperplasia", "Obstruction to pilosebaceous duct" ]
D i.e. Obstruction to pilosebaceous duct
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33911
A patient was brought to the ER with non stop talking, singing, uncontrollable behavior and apparent loss of contact with reality. It is diagnosed as a case of acute mania. Which of the following drugs is most suitable for rapid control of his symptoms?
[ "Lithium", "Haloperidol", "Valproate", "Diazepam" ]
When the question clearly mentions rapid control of symptoms, antipsychotics are the preferred answer. For rapid control of agitation, and psychosis, usually Parenteral antipsychotics are used. Benzodiazepines can also be used.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31639
What procedure was most recently performed on this patient?
[ "Mitral-valve repair", "Pancreatectomy", "Roux-en-Y gastric bypass", "Thyroidectomy" ]
Answer A. Mitral-valve repairThe peripheral-blood smear showed schistocytes, spherocytes, and polychromasia suggestive of hemolytic anemia. Following mitral-valve repair, some patterns of the regurgitant flow disturbances associated with high shear stress are responsible for the hemolysis. Transesophageal echocardiogra...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47464
most comon type of carcinoma thyroid is
[ "Anaplastic", "Papillary", "Follicular", "Medullary" ]
The most common thyroud carcimoma is papillary carcinoma 75 - 85% of all cases. Option 2 is right. Robbins basic pahology. 7th edition. Chapter Endocrine system. Page no. 1177.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24931
Endogenous triglycerides in plasma are maximally carried in
[ "VLDL", "Chylomicrons", "LDL", "HDL" ]
VERY LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS Synthesis of VLDL They are synthesised in the liver from glycerol and fatty acids and incorporated into VLDL along with hepatic cholesterol, Apo-B-100, C-II and E. Apo-B-100 is the major lipoprotein present in VLDL when it is secreted. Apo-E and C-II are obtained from HDL in plasma. Metabo...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2165
Feature of hemorrhagic disease of new born is -
[ "Prolonged prothrombin time", "Defective platelet count", "Prolonged bleeding time", "Prolonged thrombin time" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49886
Most common parotid gland tumour is
[ "Pleomorphic adenoma", "Monomorphic adenoma", "Primary lymphoma", "Adeno carcinoma" ]
(A) Pleomorphic adenoma # Parotid tumours> Most common is pleomorphic adenoma (80-90%)> Low-grade malignant tumours cannot be distinguished from benign neoplasms> High-grade tumours grow rapidly are usually painful and often have lymph node involvement of presentation> CT and MRI are useful> Fine-needle aspiration is b...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_36477
True about GVHD is?
[ "Occurs when host is immunocompetent", "Most common organ involved is lung", "Most common in renal transplant", "Occurs when donor cells are immunocompetent" ]
Graft versus host (GVH) Disease: Graft versus host disease occurs in any situation in which immunologically competent cells or their precursors are transplanted into immunologically crippled patients and the transferred cells recognize alloantigens in the host. Graft versus host disease occurs most commonly in the set...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_23937
In cervical spondylosis the disc space narrowing is most often evident on x-ray at
[ "C3-C4", "C4-C5", "C5-C6", "C6-C7" ]
Cervical disk herniation is usually posterolateral near the lateral recess and interveebral foramen and is most commonly encountered at C5-C6 level.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20139
Sphenopalatine foramen opens in which wall of pterygopalatine fossa?
[ "Medial wall", "Lateral wall", "Superior wall", "Inferior wall" ]
The pterygopalatine fossa is a small pyramidal space inferior to the apex of the orbitThe pterygopalatine fossa communicates to:DirectionPassageConnectionPosteriorlyforamen rotundummiddle cranial fossaPosteriorlypterygoid canal (Vidian)middle cranial fossa, foramen lacerumPosteriorlypalatovaginal canal (pharyngeal)nasa...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_37974
Acute aoic reguritation can occur as a complication of all of the following conditions, except
[ "Acute MI", "Infective endocarditis", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Marfan's syndrome" ]
Acute aoic regurgitation often occur as a complication of Marfan's syndrome, Ankylosing spondylitis and Infective endocarditis. Most common valvular complication of acute MI is mitral regurgitation not aoic regurgitation. Severe mitral regurgitation is seen in association with inferior myocardial infarction and involve...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_41890
Endoscopes are strelized by:
[ "Glutaraldehyde", "Autoclave", "Formaldehyde", "Hot air oven" ]
Glutaraldehyde
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33174
Best epidemiological study to know Causality is:
[ "Coho study", "Case control study", "Cross sectional study", "Ecological study" ]
Temporal association Implies 'cause precedes effect' or 'effect follows cause'. Is 'most impoant criterion' of casual association. Is ' best established by a coho study' (Especially concurrent coho study) as coho study is forward study.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16065
Mifepristone is an antiprogestin agent. All of the following are indications of using mifepristone, EXCEPT:
[ "Aboion", "Cushing's syndrome", "PPH", "Cervical ripening" ]
Therapeutic uses of Mifepristone: Termination of early pregnancy Cervical ripening Postcoital contraceptive Once a month contraceptive Induction of labour Cushing's syndrome (because of its anti-glucocoicoid activity) Ref: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology by KD Tripathi, 5th edition, Page 283-284.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12317
Not a differential Diagnosis for grey white membrane on Tonsil
[ "Candidiasis", "Ludwig's Angina", "Vincent's Angina", "Malignancy tonsil" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35802
A 40 year old male patient complains of decayed tooth. Patient gives history of class I cavity preparation and restoration with conventional amalgam with 26. Intra-oral examination reveals proximal caries with 26. The copper content of the restoration done in this patient is?​
[ "2-5%", "6%", "12-30%", "9%" ]
Low-copper amalgam alloys contain 2%​ to 5% copper. The earliest successful amalgams were​ made by combining filings of such alloys with mercury.​ A typical modern low-copper amalgam alloy may contain 69.4% Ag, 26.2% Sn, 3.6% Cu, and 0.8% Zn. Amalgams made from such low-copper alloy filings are often referred to as con...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52622
Grievous hurt is defined under:
[ "320IPC", "318 IPC", "321 IPC", "375 IPC" ]
Ans: a (320 IPC) Ref: Reddy, 21st ed, p. 244Grievous hurt is defined under IPC 320Some important IPC'sIPC 375 - definition of rapeIPC 376 - punishment of rapeIPC 320 - definition of grievous heartIPC 84 - deals with the criminal responsibility of insaneIPC304A - deals with criminal negligenceIPC 304B - dowry deathIPC 3...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20032
Epstein Barr virus causes all the following Except
[ "Hodgkin's lymphoma", "Kaposi's sarcoma", "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma", "Burkitt's lymphoma" ]
Kaposi's sarcoma is associated with HIV. Epstein Barr virus is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis(glandular fever). It is also associated with paicular forms of cancer, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and conditions associated with human immunodeficiency virus ...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_27845
Congenital toxoplasmosis - False is-
[ "Diagnosed by detection of IgM in cord blood", "IgA is more sensitive than IgM for detection", "Dye test is gold standard for IgG", "Avidity testing must be done to differentiate between IgA & IgM" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44816
Which type of Amyloidosis is caused by mutation of the transthyretin protein ?-
[ "Familial Mediterranean fever", "Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy", "Dialysis associated amyloidosis", "Prion protein associated amyloidosis" ]
In contrast with familial Mediterranean fever, a group of autosomal dominant familial disorders is characterized by deposition of amyloid predominantly in the peripheral and autonomic nerves. These familial amyloidotic polyneuropathies have been described in kindreds in different pas of the world--for example, in Pouga...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32518
When activated by b-adrenergic receptors, the G protein:
[ "Activates phospholipase C", "Activates adenylate cyclase", "Activates protein kinase C", "Conves guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to guanosine triphosphate (GTP)" ]
When norepinephrine binds to a beta-adrenergic receptor, it activates a G protein (i.e., a guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding protein), which, in turn, activates adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase catalyzes the formation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), which activates a variety of kinases. One of th...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54762
Paprika sign during debridement is crucial in management which of the following condition?
[ "Chronic osteomyelitis", "Osteosarcoma", "Osteoid osteoma", "Brodies abscess" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Chronic osteomyelitis Sequestrectomy and curettage for chronic osteomyelitis* Sequestrectomy and curettage require more time toperform and result in considerably more blood loss than aninexperienced surgeon would anticipate. Consequently,appropriate preparation should be made before surgery.Sinus trac...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2544
True about Folic acid
[ "Is also called as pteroyl glutamic acid", "Is useful in carriage of one carbon atom moiety", "Tetrahydrofolate is the active form", "All of the above" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49462
A hair is found at a crime scene and you are asked to evaluate whether it is of human origin. Which of the following attributes indicates that the hair will be of human origin?
[ "Medullary index of 0.5", "Cuticle completely covers hair shaft", "Pigment granules present in coex and medulla", "Medullary index of 1" ]
The cuticle completely covers the hair shaft in human hair. It only paly covers the hair shaft in animal hair. Human hair has 3 pas: Cuticle - outermost layer; Coex - middle layer; Medulla - innermost pa. Coex is thick (4 - 10 times that of medulla) such that the medullary index is <0.3 (Medullary index=diameter of med...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24973
Species identification is done by
[ "Neutron activation analysis (N.A.A.)", "Precipitin test", "Benzidine test", "Spectroscopy" ]
B i.e. Precipitin test
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14439
Congenital hypertropic pyloric stenosis is diagnosed by –
[ "CT", "USG", "MRF", "X-ray" ]
USG is the investigation of choice for CHPS
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30461
Which of the following syndromes have mitochondrial inheritance?
[ "Leigh's syndrome", "NARP syndrome", "MELAS syndrome", "All of the above" ]
All are example of mitochondrial inheritance.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16694
All of the following may be used for premedication except
[ "Diazepam", "Pethidine", "Atropine", "Pancuronium" ]
Diazepam (benzodiazepine) is used for relieving anxiety, inducing good sleep and producing amnesia. Opioids for producing analgesia and atropine (anticholinergics) for drying up the secretions. Pancuronium is non-depolarizing muscle relaxant used during surgery to produce muscle relaxation. REf KATZUNG 12TH ed.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_11960
Which of the following is not an accepted method of randomization-
[ "Computer drawn randomization", "Odd/even day hospital admission", "Lottery", "Random number table" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Odd/even day hospital admission Methods of Randomization o Randomization is accomplished in a number of classic ways 1. Lottery method Suppose 10 patients are to be put in a control group or the trial group out of 100 available. The serial numbers of patients are noted on 100 cards and then shuffled w...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20366
Nerve supply of scalp:
[ "Auriculotemporal nerve", "Zygomatic nerve", "Occipital nerve", "All" ]
A i.e. Auriculotemporal nerve; B i.e. Zygomatico temporal nerve; C i.e. Occipital nerve
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49829
Which among the following gas is stored in liquid form?
[ "CO2", "N2O", "Cyclopropane", "O2" ]
Storage Nitrous oxide is stored as a liquid in French blue cylinders with a gauge pressure of 51 bar at 20?C, which therefore bears no correlation to cylinder content until all remaining N2O is in the gaseous phase. N2O is usually stored below its critical temperature and so it is in simultaneous liquid and vapor phase...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17660
All of the following method used for detecting heavy metals, except -
[ "Harrison & Gilroy test", "Paraffin test", "Neutron activation analysis", "Atomic adsorption spectroscopy" ]
Tests used in firearm discharge Based on detection of nitrate : Dermal nitrite (Paraffin) test. Based on detection of heavy metal: Harrison and Gilroy test, neutron activation analysis, Atomic absorption spectroscopy, and flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34501
Which of the following is true about P. falciparum ?
[ "James dots are seen", "Accole forms are seen", "Relapses are frequent", "Longest incubation period" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Accole forms are seen The parasite often attaches itself to the margin or the edge of the host cell, the nucleus and a small pa of the cytoplasm remaining almost outside. This is known as form applique or accole.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1520
In treatment of Papillary Carcinoma thyroid, Radioiodine destroys the neoplastic cells predominantly by-
[ "X rays", "b rays", "g rays", "a paicles" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., b rays
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_11064
Clinical features of minimal change : glomerulonephritis are all except
[ "Hypeension", "Edema", "Selective proteinuria", "Fever" ]
Answer is A (Hypeension): Hypeension is not a feature of nephrotic syndrome and is rare in Minimal change disease. Edema and Selective proteinuria are features of nephrotic syndrome. Fever may be present on account of increased susceptibility to infection. Minimal Change Disease is the most common cause of Nephrotic sy...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_10639
A young long-distance lorry driver presents to the clinician with a painless penile ulcer 9 days after sexual intercourse with a professional sex worker. What is the likely diagnosis?
[ "Herpes Genitalis", "Chancre", "Chancroid", "Traumatic ulcer" ]
Chancre is a sign of primary syphilis which occurs within 2-3 weeks of initial inoculation. The lesion is characteristically painless. It is initially a dull red macule which becomes papular and fuher erodes to become an indurated ulcer called chancre. These lesions resolves spontaneously within 2 months if not treated...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7018
Tumbling motility is seen in:
[ "Yersinia", "Listeria", "Proteus", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" ]
Ans. (b) ListeriaRef: Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Paniker 8th ed. / 226, 395* Listeria is the bacteria that is classically associated with tumbling motility.Swarming MotilityProteusGliding MotilityP. Auriginosa, MycoplasmaDarting MotilityCampylobacter, Vibrio CholeraFalling Leaf MotilityGiardiaShooting Star Moti...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7899
Cause of U/L secretory otitis media in an adult is -
[ "CSOM", "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma", "Mastoiditis", "Foreign body of external ear" ]
Unilateral serous otitis media in an adult should always raise the suspicion of a benign / malignant tumor of nasopharynx “In adults presenting with a unilateral middle ear effusion the possibility of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma should be considered”. Ref. Dhingra 5/e, p 72, 6/e, p 251; Current Laryngology 2/e, p 659
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5595
True about iron deficiency anemia in children ?
[ "Iron absorption from terminal ileum", "Cow milk contain less iron than breast milk", "Serum ferritin depletes first", "All" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Serum ferritin depletes firsto Iron is absorbed from proximal small intestine mainly from duodenum.o Cow milk has slightly more amount of iron than breast milk. However, bioavailability of iron of breast milk is much greater than cow milk.Clinical manifestations o Pallor is most impoant sign of iron d...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22106
Dracunculosis infection occurs through -
[ "Ingestion of water containing cyclops", "Ingestion of water containing the parasite", "Ingestion of fish", "Penetration of skin" ]
Humans are the definitive host and cyclops are the intermediate host.The adult female worm discharges larvae which are ingested by the intermediate host the cyclops.Humans become infected by drinking unfiltered water containing infective cyclops (refer pgno:175 baveja 3 rd edition)
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_4264
Aldosterone secretion is increased when there is a fall in
[ "Plasma K+", "Plasma Na+", "pH of the plasma", "Angiotensin II levels" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_40149
Which of the following drugs has no cycloplegic action?
[ "Atropine", "Cyclopentolate", "Tropicamide", "Phenylepherine" ]
Ans. d (Phenylephrine). (Ref. KD Tripathi, Pharmacology, 4th ed., 88, Basak, Ophthalmology, 2nd ed., 44)# Sympathomimetic mydriatics like atropine (strongest cycloplegic), homatropine, cyclopentolate, tropicamide have cycloplegic action.# Pure a-adrenergic agent - PHENYLEPHRINE (Sympathomimetics) is not cycloplegic.# P...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30338
A 6 weeks pregnant primigravida is brought to the emergency depament with severe, acute abdominal pain. USG shows ectopic pregnancy. Which of the following has the LEAST risk of ectopic pregnancy?
[ "Tubectomy", "Infeility >1 year", "Copper T", "Condoms" ]
Condoms reduces the incidence of tubal infeility and ectopic pregnancy. Risk factors of ectopic pregnancy: Prior ectopic pregnancy Prior tubal surgery Smoking >20 cigarettes per day Prior STD with confirmed PID by laparoscopy and/or positive test for Chlamydia trachomatis Three or more prior spontaneous miscarriages Ag...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_27117
A child developed methemoglobinemia after receiving local anaesthesia during a surgical procedure which was treated by the intravenous administration of methylene blue. Which of the following anaesthetic must have given in this child?
[ "Procaine", "Bupivacaine", "Prilocaine", "Lignocaine" ]
Prilocaine is an intermediate-acting amino amide. Prilocaine has the highest clearance of the amino-amide anesthetics, impaing reduced risk of systemic toxicity. It has propensity to induce methemoglobinemia, which results from accumulation of one its metabolites, oho-toluidine, an oxidizing agent. Development of methe...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7310
The highest percentage of glomerular filtrate reabsorption occurs in:
[ "Bowman's capsule", "Proximal tubule", "Thick ascending limb of loop of Henle", "Distal tubule" ]
Under all circumstances most of the filtrate is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. Normally, this reabsorption amounts to about two-thirds of the sodium and water filtered. Normally 60% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, primarily by Na-H exchange. Ref: Ganong's review of Medical Physiology, 23rd Ed, page 648...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50625
Osteomeatal complex (OMC) connects:
[ "Nasal cavity with maxillary sinus", "Nasal cavity with sphenoid sinus", "The two nasal cavities", "Ethmoidal sinus with ethmoidal bulla" ]
Osteomeatal complex lies in the middle meatus.It is the final common drainage pathway for the maxillary, frontal and anterior ethmoid sinuses into the nasal cavity.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29979
An IQ between 50 & 70 would be classified as what kind mental retardation –
[ "Mild", "Moderate", "Severe", "Borderline" ]
The WHO classification of mental retardation is based on the concept of IQ and includes the following categories:
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30847
Which is the commonest ocular manifestation of Tuberculosis?
[ "Phlyctenular conjunctivitis", "Choroiditis", "Eales' disease", "Acute Retinal necrosis" ]
Phlyctenular conjunctivitis used to be most common manifestation of tuberculosis, but now it is causes by staphylococcus Eales' disease (periphlebitis retinae ) occur in tuberculosis but it is not very common. Acute retinal necrosis occurs in Herpes simplex and varicella infection not in tuberculosis. Choroiditis is by...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29297
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity requires:
[ "Pantothenate", "Biotin", "Thiamine pyrophosphate", "Riboflavin" ]
4 carboxylases that require biotin Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Pyruvate carboxylase, Propionyl-CoA carboxylase, Methyl-crotonyl coA carboxylase
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43094
Most common Thyroid CA post radiation exposure -
[ "Papillary CA", "Medullary CA", "Follicular CA", "None" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Papillary CA o Radiation induced thyroid carcinoma is papillary carcinoma."Papillary carcinoma accountsfor 80% ofall thyroid malignancies in iodine sufficient areas and is the predominant thyroid cancer in children and individuals exposed to external radiation
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21793
All of the following can be used for establishing antenatal diagnosis except :
[ "Fetal blood", "Maternal blood", "Amniotic fluid", "Decidua" ]
Answer is D (Decidua) : Decidua has not been mentioned to play any role in antenatal diagnosis Maternal Blood Can be used as in estimation of AFP (MSAFP) : MSAFP level is elevated in a number of conditions. - wrong gestational age - open neural tube defects Q - multiple pregnancy Q - Intra uterine fetal death Q - Renal...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49310
Not a posterior mediastinal tumor :
[ "Neurofibroma", "Lymphoma", "Thymoma", "Gastroenteric cyst" ]
Ans is 'c' ie Thymoma Mediastinum- is situated b/w the lungs in the center of the thorax.It is divided into 3 compartmentsAnterior or Anterosuperior it lies in front of the anterior pericardium & tracheaMiddle mediastinum or Visceral compartment it lies within the pericardial cavity including the tracheaPosterior media...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_10363
Soft granuloma is typically found in -
[ "Amoeboma", "Leprosy", "Tuberculosis", "Gumma" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Tuberculosis Soft granuloma (soft tubercle) is seen in TB.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_455
All of the following statements about nasiritide are true except:
[ "It is a BNP analogue", "It can be used in decompensated CHF", "It can be administered orally", "It causes loss of Na+ in the urine" ]
Ref:CMTD 2014/936;KDT 6/e p507 Nesiritide is a recombinant BNP It reduces vasodilation and natriuresis it has to be administered by i.v. route.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_9109
Organism with sterols in their cell wall is:
[ "Mycoplasma", "Bacillus", "Streptococcus", "Spirillum" ]
Ans: a (Mycoplasma) Ref: Ananthanaryan, ed, p. 395"Mycoplasma lack a rigid cell wall and they are bounded by a triple layered unit membrane that contains sterols."Mycoplasma PPLO - by Nocard & Roux* Smallest free living organism* Gram negative.highly pleomomorphic organism, stained by Giemsa* Found in the form of eleme...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35213
In a patient with multiple injuries, first thing is to be done is
[ "Patency of airway", "Maintenance of B.P.", "Immobilize cervical spine", "Lateral position with mouth gas" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1102
Which of the following is the common aetiological agent in paranasal sinus mycoses?
[ "Aspergillus species", "Histoplasma", "Conidiobolus coronatus", "Candida albicans" ]
Fungi invading paranasal sinuses include Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., Candida albicans, Fusarium and Altemaria sp. Aspergillus sp. is the most common.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14206
Classic triad of congenital rubella includes all except
[ "Catract", "Deafness", "Retinal detachment", "CHD" ]
Common Transient and Permanent Manifestations in Infants with Congenital Rubella SyndromeTransient ManifestationsPermanent ManifestationsHepatosplenomegalyInterstitial pneumonitisThrombocytopenia with purpura/petechiae (e.g., dermal erythropoiesis,or "blueberry muffin syndrome")Hemolytic anemiaBony radiolucenciesIntrau...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_18742
Irregular and infrequent menstruation is known as:
[ "Amenorrhoea", "Oligomenorrhoea", "Polymenorrhoea", "Menorrhagia" ]
Oligomenorrhoea - Infrequent and irregularly timed episodes of bleeding usually occuring at intervals of more than 35 days Polymenorrhoea - Frequent episodes of mentruation usually occurring at intervals of 21 days or less Menorrhagia - Increased menstrual flow/Increased duration at regular cycles Hypomenorrhoea - Scan...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_40584
A 26-year-old man has noted lumps in his neck that have been enlarging for the past 6 months. On physical examination, he has a group of enlarged, nontender right cervical lymph nodes. A biopsy of one of the lymph nodes microscopically shows macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and a few plasma cells. Th...
[ "B lymphocyte, Epstein-Barr virus", "CD4+ cell, human T lymphotropic virus", "Endothelial cell, Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus", "Macrophage, human immunodeficiency virus" ]
The large cells are Reed-Sternberg cells, and they elaborate cytokines that promote an accompanying reactive cellular proliferation that forms the bulk of the neoplastic mass. Reed Sternberg cells are of B-cell origin, and in many cases, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can be demonstrated in these cells. The other l...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_554
Example of cold burn is /are:
[ "Frostbite", "Trench foot in soldiers.", "Immersion foot occurring in shipwrecked persons.", "All of the above." ]
Cold burns include Freezing injuries (frostbite) Non-freezing cold injuries e.g. chilblain (localized painful erythema in the fingers, toes or ears produced by cold damp weather) Trench foot seen in soldiers Immersion foot occurring in shipwrecked persons.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8455
Which of the following impact strength test measures the strength through both preswing and postswing?
[ "Charpy", "I rod", "Both", "None" ]
I Rod is newer and easier method to measure the impact strength through pre swing only.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22299
In 'A'-Esotropia the amount of detion:
[ "Increases in upward gaze and decreases in down gaze", "Decreases in upward gaze and increases in down gaze", "Increases in upward as well as downward gaze", "Decreases in upward as well as downward gaze" ]
Ans. Increases in upward gaze and decreases in down gaze
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46702
Which of the following cranial nerve is a pure motor nerve?
[ "3", "5", "8", "9" ]
Pure sensory 1-olfactory 2-optic 8-vestibulocochlear Pure motor 3-oculomotor 4-trochlear 6-abducent 11-accessory 12-hypoglossal Mixed 5-trigeminal 7-facial 9-glossopharyngeal 10-vagus
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_25994
Relative risk of a disease measures which of the following-
[ "Strength of association between suspected cause and effect", "Biological plausibility between suspected cause and effect", "Temporal relationship between suspected cause and effect", "Specificity of association between suspected cause and effect" ]
Relative risk = Incidence among exposed /incidence among non exposed A typical case control study does not provide incidence rate from which relative risk can be calculated directly because there is no appropriate denominator or population at risk to calculate these rates.in general relative risk can be exactly determi...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2955
Homer's syndrome is associated with: March 2010, March 2013
[ "Bronchiectasis", "Apical lung carcinoma", "Chronic bronchitis", "Bronchial asthma" ]
Ans. B: Apical lung carcinoma
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35194
Meralgia paresthetica is due to involvement/injury of which of the following nerve ?
[ "Medial cutaneous nerve of thigh", "Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh", "Sural nerve", "Femoral nerve" ]
Meralgia paresthetica is due to the involvement of lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh . *type - idiopathic , spontaneous , iatrogenic * clinical features - pain ,numbness, & paresthesia along the anterolateral aspect of thigh *Diagnostic test -if there is relief if pain after & paresthesia after injecting local anaesthet...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50313
Instantaneous rigor is seen in-
[ "Cadaveric spasm", "Rigor mortis", "Cold stiffening", "Gas stiffening" ]
Cadaveric spasm is also referred as to instantaneous rigor.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13001
In Troisiers sign the lymph nodes involved are
[ "Right axillary nodes", "Left axillary nodes", "Right supraclavicular nodes", "Left supraclavicular nodes" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_15803
Which of the following drugs is used for Narcoanalysis:
[ "Atropine", "Phenobarbitone", "Scopolamine", "Pethidine" ]
C i.e. Scopolamine Scopolamine and sodium pentothal /amytal / or seconalQ can be used for narcoanalysis.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7319
Cholera toxin binds to which receptors in intestine:
[ "Sphingosine through A subunit", "Sphingosine through B subunit", "GM1 gangliosides through A subunit", "GM1 gangliosides through B subunit" ]
Ans. is. 'd' i. e., GM1 gangliosides through B subunit
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_11891
Which of the following is not true about Familial adenomatous polyp ?
[ "Autosomal dominant inheritance", "Screening done by sigmoidoscopy", "Polyps develop in late adulthood", "Epidermoid cysts & osteomas may occur" ]
FAP is an autosomal dominant inherited disease due to mutation of the APC gene (chromosome no. 5q21).Polyps are usually visible on sigmoidoscopy by the age of 15 years and will almost always be visible by the age of 30 yearsGardner syndrome, a variant of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), is an autosomal dominant di...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35819
A young man finds that every time he eats dairy products he feels very uncomfoable. His stomach becomes distended. He develops gas and diarrhoea frequently. These symptoms do not appear when he eats food other than dairy products. Which of the following is most likely enzyme in which this young man is deficient:
[ "Alpha amylase", "Beta galactosidase", "Alpha glucosidase", "Sucrase" ]
The patient has abdominal discomfo & diarrhoea after taking milk. Diagnosis is Lactose Intolerance. Enzyme deficient in this patient is b-Galactosidase which is also known as Lactase. It breaks down milk sugar lactose into glucose and galactose which can be easily absorbed. a-Amylase digests Starch (Option a) a- Glucos...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50378
All are true about mediastinum EXCEPT -
[ "Hea passes through superior mediastinum", "Hea passes through middle mediastinum", "Thymus present in superior mediastinum", "Lower border of posterior mediastinum is extended more than anterior mediastinum" ]
Mediastinum : is middle space left in thoracic cavity in between the lungs. The superior & inferior mediastinum is divided by an imaginary line passing through sternal angle anteriorly & lower border of T4 posteriorly. Inferiorly, mediastinum is subdivided into anterior, middle & posterior mediastinum by the pericardiu...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16228
Which of the following is the allosteric activator of carbamoyl phosphate synthase I?
[ "Glutamine", "Oxaloacetate", "N-acetyl aspaate", "N-acetyl glutamate" ]
Carbamoyl phosphate synthase I is the rate-limiting enzyme of the urea cycle Active only in the presence of N-acetylglutamate(NAG), an allosteric activator that enhances the affinity of the synthase for ATP. Arginine is the allosteric activator of NAG synthase.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44208
Congo red staining for amyloid under polarized light shows: September 2007
[ "Silver birefringence", "Golden birefringence", "Blue birefringence", "Green birefringence" ]
Ans. D: Green birefringenceThe traditional way of identifying amyloid in tissue sections has been staining with Congo red and demonstration of green birefringence under crossed polarizers.The original method of Congo red staining was described by Bennhold in 1922.The most common modification in the above technique is t...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38803
Angiogenesis is
[ "Formation of the new blood vessels", "Repair by connective tissues", "Formation of the blood clot", "All of the above" ]
(Formation of the new blood vessels) (71-72-R) (70-72- Basic pathology 8th)ANGIOGENESIS or neovascularization by which preexisting vessels send out capillary sprouts to produce new vessels.Angiotensis is a critical process in the healing at sites of injury in the development of collateral circulations at sites of ische...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_6215
Gold standard investigation for diagnosing cystic echinococcus is: September 2009
[ "USG", "X-ray", "ELISA", "CT scan" ]
Ans. A: USG For cystic echinococcosis, imaging is the main method that is relied on for diagnosis while serology tests (such as indirect hemogglutination, ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), immunoblots or latex agglutination) that use antigens specific for E. granulosus are used to verify the imaging results. T...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38378
For MTP, consent should be obtained from
[ "Male paner", "Male and female paner", "Female paner", "No consent needed" ]
For medical termination of pregnancy : Only female consent is required Husband consent is not required If the age is less than 18 yrs, consent of parent or guardian is required Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 165.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17207
After postmoem body is handed over to :
[ "The authority who has conducted inquest in that paicular case", "Police station near by", "Coroner", "Chief magistrate" ]
A i.e. The authority who has conducted inquest in that paicular case
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_18852
HACEK group includes all except -
[ "Haemophilus aphrophilus", "Acinetobacter baumannii", "Eikenella corrodens", "Cardiobacterium hominis" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44376
All of the following are seen in the Horner&;s syndrome, except
[ "Drooping of upper eyelid", "Enophthalmos", "Dilated pupil", "Loss of sweating of same side of face" ]
Ref: BD Chaurasia&;s HUMAN ANATOMY, Volume 3, 4th edition. Horner&;s syndrome is characterized by (a) Ptosis i.e. drooping of the upper eyelid); (b) miosis (i.e. constriction of the pupil); (c) anhydrosis (i.e. loss of sweating on that side of the face); (d) enophthalmos (i.e. retraction of the eyeball); (e) loss of th...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_42349
Poison having local action only:
[ "Sulphuric acid", "Carbolic acid", "Oxalic acid", "Phosphorus" ]
Ans. Sulphuric acid
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13184
Oochronosis is found in:
[ "Alkaptonuria", "Tyrosinemia", "Phenylketonuria", "Homocystinuria" ]
a. Alkaptonuria(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 636, Ghai 8/e p 652)Ochronosis (dark spot on sclera/ear cartilage) is seen in Alkaptonuria which is an autosomal recessive disorder due to deficiency of enzyme homogentisic acid oxidase.
A
null