dataset
string
id
string
question
string
choices
list
rationale
string
answer
string
subject
string
medmcqa
medmcqa_38754
In tubo-tympanic CSOM commonest operation done is:
[ "Modified radical mastoidectomy", "Radical mastoidectomy", "Simple mastoidectomy", "Tympanoplasty" ]
(d) Tympanoplasty(Ref. Scott Brown, 8th ed., Vol 2; 997)Management of tubo-tympanic CSOM is tympanoplastyRadical and modified radical mastoidectomy are done for unsafe CSOM.Simple mastoidectomy or Schwartze operation is done for acute and coalescent mastoiditis.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49156
True statement about symmetrical lUGR with respect to asymmetrical lUGR :
[ "Worse prognosis", "Late onset", "Brain sparing effect", "More common" ]
Intrauterine growth retardation refers to those fetuses that have failed to achieve their own genetic growth potential. Features of symmetrical IUGR: Uniformly small Ponderal index(Bih weight/Crown heel length) -Normal HC:AC and FL:AC Ratios-Normal Etiology: Genetic disease or Infection,Early onset Severe HTN Intrinsic...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52578
Giant platekets are seen in all these conditions except
[ "Bernard Soulier syndrome", "Glanzmann thrombasthenia", "May Heggalin anamoly", "Gray platelet syndrome" ]
Glanzmann thrombasthenia is associated with normal sized platelets. Rest are associated with giant platelets.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49449
Aphthous ulcers are known as -
[ "Canker sores", "Marjolin's ulcer", "Curling's ulcer", "Cushing ulcers" ]
Aphthous ulcers Also known as Canker Sores These are superficial Ulcerations of the oral mucosa. The lesions may be Single or multiple. Ulceration is surrounded by an erythematous halo and is Covered by a thin exudate.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35526
Which is not true regarding varicocele -
[ "Testicular veins involved", "More common on the right side", "May be the first feature of a renal tumour", "Feels like a bag of worms" ]
Ans:B.)More common on Right Side.VaricoceleA varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform venous plexus in the scrotum. This plexus of veins drains blood from the testicles.The varicoceles might be noticed as soft lumps, usually above the testicle and mostly on the left side of the scrotum. Some people who ...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33244
In a patient with compensated liver cirrhosis presented with history of variceal bleed. The treatment of choice in this patient is
[ "Propanalol", "Liver transplantation", "TIPS(Transjugular intra hepatic poal shunt)", "Endoscopic sclerotherapy" ]
Management of variceal bleeding In addition to pharmacologic therapy endoscopy should be carried out as soon as possible If varices are found they are treated with either endoscopic ligation or sclerotherapy EVL is the treatment of choice for variceal bleeding Endoscopic scleropathy Variceal bleeding suspected based on...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29405
The color code of plastic bag for disposing microbial laboratory culture waste -
[ "Black", "Red", "Blue", "Yellow" ]
- microbial laboratory culture wastes comes under category 3. - the category 3 wastes should be disposed in red colour plastic bag. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no :793,794 <\p>
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_25920
An 85-year-old ventilator-dependent male was endotracheally intubated 10 days ago. He remains unresponsive and is not a candidate for early extubation. The intensive care unit (ICU) attending elects to perform tracheostomy at the bedside. During the procedure, copious dark blood is encountered. This is most likely due ...
[ "Anterior jugular vein", "External jugular vein", "Internal jugular vein", "Middle thyroid vein" ]
The anterior jugular vein can cross the mid-line overlying the proximal trachea. Midline cervical dissection without adequate visualisation can injure the vein and require open surgical repair. The other veins do not cross the midline and are not generally at risk in tracheostomy.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30606
A child presents with Hepatosplenomegaly, Abdominal distension, Jaundice, Anemia and Adrenal calcification. Which of the following is the Diagnosis ?
[ "Adrenal hemorrhage", "Wolman's disease", "Pheochromocytoma", "Addison's disaease" ]
Wolman disease is a congenital disease characterized by an impaired metabolism of the fats (lipids). It is the most severe type of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. The lysomal acid lipase deficiency causes a buildup of lipids (fats) in body organs and calcium deposits in the adrenal glands. Reference: GHAI Essential p...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8503
Lines of zahn occur in which of the following
[ "Postmoem clot", "Infract", "Embolus", "Coralline thrombus" ]
Ref Robbins 9/e p 125 thrombi often have grossly and microscopically apparent laminations called lines of zahn,these represent pale platelet and fibrin deposit altered with red cell rich layers .such laminations represent that thrombus has formed in flowing blood.their presence can be therefore distinguish antemoem thr...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54582
Which of the following are intracellular events occurring in fibroblast during synthesis of collagen-
[ "Hydrolysis of procollagen to collagen", "Glycosylation of proline", "Formation of triple helix", "Formation of covalent cross link b/w fibrils" ]
Formation of triple helix (of pre-a-chains) takes place intracellularly in RER. Formation of a cross-link between fibrils (i.e. self-assembly of tropocollagen monomers into mature collagen fiber) occurs extracellularly after secretion from fibroblasts. Glycosylation also occurs intracellularly, but its glycosylation of...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1216
Pulmonary wedge pressure is indirectly
[ "Left atrial pressure", "Right atrial pressure", "Right ventricular pressure", "Left ventricular pressure" ]
(A) Left atrial pressure # Pulmonary capillary pressure is about 10 mm Hg.> Whereas the oncotic pressure is 25 mm Hg, which keeps the alveoli free of fluid.> When pulmonary capillary pressure is more than 25 mm Hg - as it may be, for example, when there is "backward failure" of the left ventricle-pulmonary congestion a...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21526
During Pomeroy's method of female sterilization, which poion of the tube is ligated ?
[ "Isthmus", "Ampullary", "Isthmo-ampullary", "Cornual" ]
Ans. is c i.e. Isthmo-ampullary I have given these 2 questions (4 and 5) simultaneously so that you understand how the answer changes as the options of the question change. Sterilization is done at the junction of proximal and middle third - the loop formed consists mainly of isthmus and pa of the ampullary region of t...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47368
Structure passing along with the aoa in the diahragmatic opening :
[ "Thoracic duct", "Greater splanchnicn nerve", "Sigmoid mesocolon", "Internal iliac aery" ]
A i.e. Thoracic duct
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32457
The intra-abdominal pressure during laparoscopy should be set between:-
[ "5-8 mm of Hg", "10-15 mm of Hg", "20-25 mm of Hg", "30-35 mm of Hg" ]
Laparoscopy Needle used for pneumoperitoneum veress needle Most commonly used gas: CO2 Flow of gas: 1L /min Intra-abdominal pressure: 12-15 mm Hg Trocar is inseed at or just below the umbilicus penetrating skin, superficial & deep fascia, fascia transversals & parietal peritoneum
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31486
Eggs does not Float on saturated salt solution is
[ "Fertilised egg of Ascaris", "Trichuris trichura", "H. Nana", "Unfertilized egg of Ascaris." ]
Eggs that Float E. granulosis H.Nana All Nematodes (except unfertilised egg of Ascaris)
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28242
Which prostaglandin helps in cervical ripening?
[ "PGI2", "PGF2", "PGE2", "PGD2" ]
Dinoprostone - PGE2. Orally - to augmenting labor & to check PPH. Vaginally- softens the cervix before labor induction. Preferred over oxytocin for labor induction in pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, cardiac & renal disease. ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY;7TH EDITION;KD TRIPATHI;PAGE NO 189
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5761
Congenital anomalies that can be identified by USG are all except: September 2009
[ "Hydrops fetalis", "Esophageal atresia", "Anencephaly", "Cystic hygroma" ]
Ans. D: Cystic Hygroma Common anomalies that can be seen in USG are: Cranial anomalies-anencephaly, hydrocephalus.choroid plaexus cysts Spinal anomalies-Spina bifida occulta and Spina bifida apea Fetal hea Fetal abdomen and abdominal wall-Esophageal atresia, omphalocoele, gastroschisis Hydrops f etalis
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28604
Which of the following is used for treatment of myopia:
[ "Nd: YAG laser", "Excimer laser", "Argon laser", "Holmium laser" ]
Ans. Excimer laser
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20924
A patient has a right homonymous hemianopia with saccadic pursuit movements and defective optokinetic nystagmus. The lesion is most likely to be in the
[ "Frontal lobe", "Occipital lobe", "Parietal lobe", "Temporal lobe" ]
Right nomonymous hemianopia with saccadic pursuit movements and detective optokinetic nystagmus confirms the diagnosis of perietal lobe lesion. Optokinetic Nystagmus: - It can be elicited in all normal individuals. Defect in optokinetic nystagmus and lesions of brain associated with it. In a case of hemianopia due to l...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53654
Most sensory information reaches the cortex after first being processed by the:
[ "Basal ganglia", "Brain stem", "Thalamus", "Cerebellum" ]
(C) Thalamus > There is a major input from the anterolateral systems into the mesencephalic reticular formation. Thus, sensory input activates the reticular activating system, which in turn maintains the cortex in the alert state.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33268
All of the following are features of temporal lobe lesions Except:
[ "Wernicke's Aphasia", "Contralateral homonymous superior quadrantanopia", "Auditory hallucinations", "Hemineglect" ]
Answer is D (Hemi neglect): Hemineglect or neglect of contralateral side is a feature of Parietal lobe lesion (Non dominant hemisphere) and is not a feature of temporal lobe lesion. Wernicke's Aphasia contralateral superior homonymous quadrantopia and auditory hollucinations are all features of temporal lobe lesions.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_27110
Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by ?
[ "Parathyroid hyperplasia", "Adenosis", "MEN 1", "All" ]
Answer is 'a' i.e. Parathyroid hyperplasia; 'b' i.e. Adenosis; 'c' i.e. MEN 1 Hyperparathyrodism is defined as elevated serum PTH due to increased secretion. It is of two types. a) Primary & b) Secondary with a rare third type - c) Teiary Primary hyperparathyroidism Primary hyperparathyroidism is due to intrinsic abnor...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_45993
Blue ear drum is seen in:
[ "Tympanosclerosis", "Secretory otitis media", "Otosclerosis", "Myringitis bullosa" ]
The "blue ear drum" generally refers to a condition in which blood or blood products are found in the middle ear. After all possible causes for hemotympanum, including blood dyscrasias and trauma are searched for and ruled out, the patient may have chronic serous otitis media accompanied by bloody effusion. Treatment f...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38415
Which of the following is a wrong association ?
[ "HPV - CaCx", "EBV - Burkitt's lymphoma", "HHV 8 - Kaposi sarcoma", "CMV - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., CMV-Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_27261
All of the following forces are involved in antigen antibody reaction, EXCEPT:
[ "Vander Waal's forces", "Electrostatic bond", "Hydrogen bond", "Covalent bond" ]
Answer is D (Covalent bond) : The combination between antigen and antibody is effected during the primary stage of an Ag-Ab reaction. This reaction is essentially reversible and effected by the weaker intermolecular forces such as: Vander Waal's, Hydrogen bonds, Ionic bonds and not by the firmer covalent bonds. Frequen...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2
A 11-year-old boy presents in the outpatient department with complaints of not developing secondary sexual characteristics. On examination, child is found to have tall stature, no secondary sexual characteristics. Testes are found to be small and firm and gynecomastia is noted. What is the most probable clinical diagno...
[ "Klinefelter's syndrome", "Edwards syndrome", "Patau syndrome", "Turner syndrome" ]
Ans. A. Klinefelter syndromeKlinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition that results when a boy is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome.Klinefelter syndrome is a common genetic condition affecting males, and it often isn't diagnosed until adulthood. It refers to a form of hypogonadism comprising small testis, fa...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53224
Bevelling of the skull is seen in the:
[ "Broad end of the entry point in bullet injury", "Narrow end of the entry point in bullet injury", "Exit point of bullet", "Depressed fracture of the skull" ]
Broad end of the entry point in bullet injury
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24013
Fordyce's Granules Oral cavity arise from -
[ "Mucous glands", "Sebaceous glands", "Taste buds", "Minor salivary glands" ]
Fordyce's spot represents ectopic sebaceous glands on lips (most common site) and oral mucosa. They may also appear on vulva and penis, where they are called Tyson's gland, i.e., ectopic sebaceous gland at penis (prepuce) and vulva is called Tyson's gland. These glands have histopathology similar to normal sebaceous gl...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13622
Epiphyseal tumor is -
[ "Osteoclastoma", "Chondromyxoid fibroma", "Osteosarcoma", "Ewing sarcoma" ]
GCT is an osteolytic tumor arising from the epiphysis and is common between the age of 20-40 years.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39182
Reinke's edema is seen in -
[ "Vestibular folds", "Edges of vocal cords", "Between true & false vocal cords", "In pyriform fossa" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22950
With regards to imaging of primary extra nodal lymphomas, in which of the following sites does extra nodal Hodgkin's disease most commonly occur:
[ "Spleen", "Thymus", "Thyroid", "Small bowel" ]
At presentation, Hodgkin disease is usually supra diaphragmatic which means thymus is involved due to contiguous spread from one nodal group to the next along the lymphatic pathways. Hence thymus is involved before spleen and other abdominal organs. Thyroid gland is rarely involved in Hodgkin lymphoma.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_10404
Daing motility is shown by ?
[ "Listeria", "Campylobacter", "Borrelia", "Mycoplasma" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Campylobacter
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54711
Drug used for Buerger's disease:
[ "Xanthinol nicotinate", "Propranolol", "CCBs", "All of the above" ]
Xanthinol Nicotinate Xanthinol nicotinate (or xanthinol niacinate or complamina) is a vasodilatorQ. It is a combination of xanthinol and niacin (nicotinic acid) This vasodilator is used in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and Buerger's disease. All other forms of pharmacologic treatment have been generally ineffec...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44057
The height of a child is double the bih height at the age of _________
[ "1 year", "2 years", "4 years", "6 years" ]
The infant measures approximately 50cm at bih, 60cm at 3 months, 65cm at 6 months, 70 cm at 9 months, 75cm at 1 yr and 90cm at 2 yr. A normal Indian child is 100cm tall at the age of 4 yr. Thereafter, the child gains about 6cm in height every year, until the age of 12 yr. After this, increments in height vary according...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32774
In opioid overdose treatment of choice is
[ "Naloxone IV", "Nalorphine IV", "Haemodialysis", "Forced alkaline diuresis" ]
(A) Naloxone IV
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49782
What is the cut off value for Mid Upper Arm circumference (MUAC) to diagnose severe malnutrition?
[ "11.5 cms", "12.5 cms", "13.5 cms", "14.5 cms" ]
Ans. A. 11.5cmsMUAC is widely used measurement and requires minimum equipment. It increases rapidly in the first year (11-16cms) and then is found to be relatively stable between the ages 1 and 5 years at a value of 16-17cms. Any value below 13.5cms is abnormal and suggestive of malnutrition. However, a value below 11....
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29851
All are true bout Oral anticoagulants EXCEPT:
[ "Acts in vivo", "Acts both in vivo and in vitro", "Interferes with synthesis of Vit K", "Causes Hematuria" ]
Ans. (b) Acts both in vivo and in vitro* ORAL ANTICOAGULANT is warfarin. It is used only in vivo (body), NOT in vitro (lab).* Warfarin is not used to store blood.* It acts by inhibiting Vitamin K. Due to overdose, hematuria is the First manifestation noted.* Dose monitoring is done by INR.* Antidote of warfarin overdos...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53943
Most common site of intracranial hemorrhage is
[ "Basal ganglia", "Brainstem", "Cerebellum", "Hippocampus" ]
The most common locations of hypeensive ICH are: 1) Basal ganglia (putamen or caudate), 2) Thalamus, 3) Pons and 4) Cerebellum. Within the basal ganglia region, it is rare for an ICH to specifically affect one area; Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2334
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43874
All are true about local potential except
[ "Does not follow all or none low", "Can be depolarised or hyperpolarised", "It is proportional to stimulus strength", "Summation not possible" ]
Local Potential  Proportional to stimulus strength Does not follow all or none law It is not propagated Exhibits summation Can be depolarising / hyperpolarising
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_15898
A 45 years male presented with chief complaints of abdominal pain with associated nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, abdominal discomfo, anorexia, weight loss, diarrhea, and jaundice. On imaging of the liver with ultrasound, it shows intra- and extra- hepatic dilatation and strictures with intraductal pigmented stones,What can...
[ "Clonorchis sinensis", "Enterobius ( Pin worm)", "Strongyloides stercoralis", "Ancylostoma duodenale" ]
Parasites which can cause biliary obstruction: Cestodes??" Echinococcus granulosus Trematodes??" Fasciola hepatica, Opisthorchis, Clonorchis sinensis(oriental / chinese liver fluke) Nematodes??" Ascaris lumbricoides
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_19600
Naturally, occurring glucocoicoid is
[ "Hydrocoisone", "Coisol", "Prednisolone", "Coicosterone" ]
Glucocoicoids (GC) are a class of steroid hormones that bind to the glucocoicoid receptor (GR), which is present in almost every veebrate animal cell. The name glucocoicoid (peaining to glucose +coex ) derives from its role in the regulation of the metabolism of glucose, its synthesis in the adrenal coex.Coisol is the ...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53351
Which of the following studies have given coronary risk factor and their relative impoance-
[ "Framingham study", "noh kerala study", "Standford study", "MONICA STUDY" ]
since 1951, one of the best known large prospective studies the Framingham study,has played a major role in establishing the nature of CAD risk factors and their relative impoance.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34774
A 36-year-old primigravida develops peripheral edema late in the second trimester. On physical examination, her blood pressure is 155/95 mm Hg. Urinalysis shows 2+ proteinuria, but no blood, glucose, or ketones. At 36 weeks, she gives birth to a normal viable but low-birth-weight infant. Her blood pressure returns to n...
[ "Chorioamnionitis", "Chronic villitis", "Hydropic villi", "Multiple infarcts" ]
Toxemia of pregnancy in this case is best classified as preeclampsia because she has hypertension, proteinuria, and edema, but no seizures. The placenta tends to be small because of reduced maternal blood flow and uteroplacental insufficiency; infarcts and retroplacental hemorrhages can occur. Microscopically, the deci...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44608
An anaesthetist is using Mallampati classification for which of the following purpose?
[ "Inspection of oral cavity before intubation", "Size of the airway", "Size of the ET tube", "Tracheostomy tube" ]
Mallampati classification is based on the structures seen with maximal mouth opening and tongue protrusion without phonation in the sitting position. The observer's eye should be at the level of the patient's mouth. This classification correlates with intubation difficulty. Mallampati classification (Modified by Samsoo...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30304
Do the embryological first pharyngeal arches remain?
[ "Sphenomandibular ligament", "Stylohyoid ligament", "Stylomandibular ligament", "Styloid ligament" ]
The pa of the cailage extending from the region of the middle ear to the mandible disappears, but it's sheath forms the anterior ligament of the malleus and the sphenomandibular ligament Ref: Human Embryology, Inderbir Singh, 10th edition, page no: 131
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_42970
The metabolic functions of insulin include all of the following except:
[ "Increased glycogen synthesis in liver", "Decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis", "Increase lipoprotein lipase activity", "Increase transport of glucose into the deep tissue" ]
Insulin is secreted from the beta cells of the pancreas.  It lowers the blood glucose levels.  It stimulates glucose transport into muscle and adipose tissue. It stimulates the activity of glycogen synthase thus it promotes glycogen storage in the liver. It inhibits hepatic glucose production by decreasing glycogenolys...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_18988
Biochemical oxygen demand is determined by
[ "Oranic matter and bacteria", "Oxygen content", "Alage content in water", "Agriculture fertiliser content in water." ]
Ans. is 'a' . Organic matter & Bacteria. "The strength of sewage is expressed in terms ofBiochemical oxygen demandChemical oxygen demandsSuspended solids demand""Biochemical Oxygen demand -It is the most important test done on sewage. It is defined as the amount of oxygen absorbed by a sample of sewage during a specifi...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43890
A 6 month old child presents with congenital inguinal hernia. Next step would be:March 2012, September 2012
[ "Observation", "Wait for 3 years & operate", "Operate immediately", "Truss" ]
Ans: C i.e. Operate immediately
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_6644
A young 8-year old boy presents with multiple discrete, shiny, pin-head papules on dorsal aspect of hand, forearms and shaft of penis. The diagnosis is:
[ "Molluscum contagiosum", "Scabies", "Lichen planus", "Lichen nitidus" ]
Ans. d. Lichen nitidus (Ref: Mark Lebwoht 2/e p345)A young 8-year-old boy presents with multiple discrete, shiny, pin-head papules on dorsal aspect of hand, forearms and shaft of penis. The diagnosis is Lichen nitidus.FeatureLichen NitidusMolluscum contagiosumLichen planusSymptomsAsymptomaticAsymptomaticItchy (marked)C...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_3633
For which one of the following tumors Gastrin is a biochemical marker?
[ "Medullary carcinoma of thyroid", "Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor", "Pheochromocytoma", "Gastrointestinal stromal tumor" ]
Gastrin is secreted by Gastrinomas, which are neuroendocrine tumors most commonly found in duodenum. Gastrinoma:- Type of pancreatic Neuro endocrine tumor(PNET) Patient with MEN I syndrome have more chance of developing gastrinoma. -Other neuroendocrine tumor is carcinoid tumor. -Marker of medullary carcinoma of thyroi...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48130
Peripheral blood smear in Plasmodium falciparum infection may show all of the following except -
[ "Male gametocyte", "Trophozoite", "Female gamatocyte", "Schizont" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48681
The following are the indications for performing thoracotomy after blunt injury of the chest, except:
[ "100 ml drainage after placing an intercoastal tube", "Continous bleeding through intercostal tube of more than 200 ml/hour for three or more hours", "Cardiac tamponade", "Rib Fracture" ]
Indications of thoracotomy: Initial tube thoracostomy drainage of >1000ml (Penetrating injury) or >1500 ml (blunt injury) Ongoing tube thoracostomy drainage of >200 ml/hr for 3 consecutive hours in non-caogulopathic patients Caked hemothorax despite of placement of two chest tubes Tracheobronchial injury Selected desce...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_41011
In an epidemic first to be done is -
[ "Identity the cases", "Confirm the diagnosis", "Identify The prone people", "Identify the causative factors" ]
verification of diagnosis is the first step in the investigation of an epidemic.it is necessary to examine all cases before arriving at a diagnosis.a clinical examination of a sample of cases may suffice.laboratary investigations can also be employed in such way that it is not delaying any of the epidemiological invest...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30884
'Intermediate form' of Non hodgkin's lymphoma is ?
[ "Small noncleaved cell", "Diffuse, small cleaved cell", "Lymphoblastic", "Large cell immunoblastic" ]
Ans is b' i.e., Diffuse, small cleaved cellWorking formulation of NHL for clinical usage is as follows:Low grade :small lymphocyticFollicular, predominantly small cleaved cellFollicular mixedIntermediate Grade :1. Follicular predominantly large cell2. Diffuse small, mixed , as well as large cell.High grade :Large cell ...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1089
Time dependent killing is shown by -
[ "Aminoglycosides", "Fluoroquinolones", "Linezolid", "All of the above" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Linezolid o Some, antimicrobial drugs have time dependent effect while others have concentration dependent effects :1. Time dependent effect# Action depends on length of time concentration remains above MIC, e.g. for macrolides fi-lactam. clindamycin, linezolid, tetracycline, and streptogramin.2. Conc...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_37086
Drug acting tyrosine kinase receptor is
[ "TRH", "TSH", "Insulin", "MSH" ]
Drugs acting on tyrosinase kinase receptors - Prolactin Insulin Growth hormone TRH, TSH and MSH acts on GPCR receptors
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13903
The age and sex structure of a population can be described by a
[ "Life table", "Correlation coefficient", "Population pyramid", "Bar cha" ]
The age and sex structure of a population are best represented by &;age pyramid&;.Developing countries have a broad base and tapering top. Developed countries show a bulge in the middle and have a narrower base.Park 23e pg: 482
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_37287
First rank symptoms of schizophrenia are all except
[ "Ambivalence", "Running commentary", "Primary delusion", "Somatic passivity" ]
First Rank Symptoms (SFRS) of Schizophrenia 1. Audible thoughts: Voices speaking out thoughts aloud or 'thought echo'. 2. Voices heard arguing: Two or more hallucinatory voices discussing the subject in the third person. 3. Voices commenting on one's action. 4. Thought withdrawal: Thoughts cease and subject experiences...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47658
A3 month baby will have -
[ "Pincer grasp", "Head control", "Sitting with suppo", "Transfer objects" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Head control o Pincer grasp develops by 9 months. o Head control develops by 3 months. o A child can sit with suppo by 5 months. o A chid can transfer the object from one hand to another by 5-7 months. o A child can use 2 words with meaning by 1 year.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44333
The professional antigen presenting cells are
[ "Endothelial cells", "Dendritic cells", "T cells", "B cells" ]
Professional APC Express MHC class II molecules Dendritic cells Immature dendritic cells (Langerhans cells) Macrophages B cells Non - professional APC Do not express MHC class II molecules Stimulated by cytokines like IFN Fibroblasts Thymic epithelial cells Thyroid epithelial cells Glial cells Pancreatic beta cells End...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54683
Which of the structure in central nervous system where the major autonomic reflex centers are found?
[ "Cerebellum", "Medulla oblongata", "Hypothalamus", "Thalamus" ]
The medulla oblongata, commonly called the medulla, is located at the level of the foramen magnum. It serves as the major autonomic reflex center that relays visceral motor control to the hea, blood vessels, respiratory system, and gastrointestinal tract. It possesses the nuclei for the glossopharyngeal, vagal, accesso...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_27844
Which one of the following is used as an irrigation solution during transurethral resection of the prostate?
[ "1.5% glycine", "Physiological saline", "Ringer's lactate", "5% dextrose" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1.5% glycine
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_647
All of the following are known predesposing factors for cholangiocarcinoma except :
[ "CBD stones", "Clonorchis sinensis", "Ulcerative colitis", "Primary sclerosing cholangitis" ]
Answer is A (CBD stone) : Cholelithiasis is not clearly a predisposing factor for Cholangiocarcinoma - Harrison The predisposing factors of cholangiocarcinoma include : I. Chronic hepato-biliary parasite infection (Clonorchiasis or Asiatic cholangio-hepatitis) Q Congenital Anomaly with ectatic ducts (Choledochal cyst)....
A
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medmcqa
medmcqa_37120
Which of the following is a nonculturalable fungus-
[ "Rhinosporidium", "Candida", "Sporothrix", "Penicillium" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34980
All of the following can cause acute pancreatitis except -
[ "Gall stones", "Alcohol", "Trauma", "Hepatitis" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hepatitis Causes of Acute PancreatitisCommon CausesGallstones (including microlithiasis) - most commonAlcohol (acute and chronic alcoholism) - IInd most commonHypertriglyceridemiaEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), especially after biliary manometryTrauma (especially blunt abdominal...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_3063
Radiation exposure during infancy has been linked to which one of the following carcinoma
[ "Breast", "Melanoma", "Thyroid", "Lung" ]
Ref Robbins 8/e p312,425 and 9/e p325 The most radiosensitive organ sites in the children in order of sensitivity are the thyroid gland ,breasts, bone marrow,brain,skin. Radiation, whatever its source (UV rays of sunlight, x-rays, nuclear fission, radionuclides) is an established carcinogen. Unprotected miners of radio...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28438
Monge's disease refers to:
[ "Primary Familial Polycythemia", "High Altitude Erythrocytosis", "Spurious Polycythemia", "Polycythemia Vera" ]
Answer is B (High Altitude Erythrocytosis) lionge's disease (Chronic :Mountain Sickness) is also known as High Altitude Pathologic Erythrocytosis. Chronic Mountain Sickness; Monge's disease; (High Altitude Pathologic Erythrocytosis; High Altitude Excessive Polycythem a) * Excessive Erythrocytosis (Hb>19 /dL for females...
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_34947
A man who had undergone total gastrectomy remains well for five years. Then he develops anaemia. What is the most likely cause of this anaemia ?
[ "Protein deficiency", "Zinc deficiency", "Folic acid deficiency", "Vitamin B12 deficiency" ]
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D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38882
All are major criteria for AIDS except -
[ "10% weight loss", "Diarrhoea for 1 month", "Cough for 1 month", "Fever for 1 month" ]
<p> Cough for one month is not a criteria for AIDS. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:348-49. <\p>
C
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medmcqa
medmcqa_32941
Which of the following agents is not used in the treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema/ Retinopathy:
[ "Ruboxistaurim", "Pyridazinones", "Benfotiamine", "Tamoxifen" ]
Ans. Tamoxifen
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39761
Diverticulum through the Killian's dehiscence is called:
[ "Pharyngeal pouch", "Palatine pouch", "Oesophageal pouch", "None" ]
Ans: a (Pharyngeal pouch) Ref: Dhingra, 3rd ed, p. 330 & 4th ed, p. 223Zenker's diverticulumIt is a pulsion diverticulum between 2 parts of inferior constrictorPathology: Arises b/w 2 parts of inferior constrictor due to neuromuscular incordination. The propulsive thyropharyngeal part is supplied by pharyngeal plexus. ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33263
Rectal adenoma is associated with ?
[ "Familial polyposis coli", "Hypokalemia", "Intussusception", "Hemorrhoids" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hypokalemia
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_13183
Which drug does not cause thyroid dysfunction ?
[ "Amiodarone", "Lithium", "PAS", "Paracetamol" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35304
The chemotherapeutic agents "Cisplatin" is associated with which side effects (SELECT 1 SIDE EFFECT)
[ "Hemorrhagic cystitis", "Renal failure", "Tympanic membrane fibrosis", "Necrotizing enterocolitis" ]
Cisplatin causes renal damage and neural toxicity. Patients must be well hydrated. Its mode of action does not fit a specific category. Taxol can produce allergic reactions and bone marrow depression. Bleomycin and doxorubicin are antibiotics whose side effects are pulmonary fibrosis and cardiac toxicity, respectively ...
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_19784
A 55-year old woman was found to have Ca cervix, FIGO stage 2-3, locally advanced. What would be the management
[ "Surgery plus chemotherapy", "Radiotherapy plus chemotherapy", "Chemotherapy", "Radiotherapy plus HPV vaccine" ]
Ans. b. Radiotherapy plus chemotherapy Radiotherapy was cornerstone of advanced stage CA cervix management. Current evidence indicates that "concurrent chemotherapy" significantly improves overall and disease free survival of women with advanced cervical cancer. Thus most patients with Stage JIB to IVA are best treated...
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_31985
Herpes simplex encephalitis affects ………………………….. lobe
[ "Temporal", "Parietal", "Occipital", "Frontal" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_10601
All of the following are storage proteins, except?
[ "Ovalbumin", "Ricin", "Ferritin", "Glutelin" ]
Storage proteins are reserves of metal ions and amino acids. Found in plant seeds, egg whites and milk. Storage proteins are ovalbumin and glutelin. Ricin is a phytotoxin.
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_19770
The assessment of Health Programme where the benefit is expressed in terms of results achieved is called -
[ "Cost benefit analysis", "Cost effective analysis", "Cost accounting", "Cost containment" ]
Ans. is `b' i.e., Cost effective analysis Cost-benefit analysi o The economic benefit of any programme are compared with the cost of that programme. o The benefits are expressed in monetary terms. Cost - effective analysis It is similar to cost - benefit analysis except that benefit, instead ofbeing expressed in moneta...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14641
A punch biopsy shows carcinoma rectum with fixed mass. X-ray chest normal, which of the following is least useful investigation-
[ "Rigid proctoscope", "Barium enema", "CT chest", "MRI- abdomen and pelvis" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14314
Which of the following is the Nysten's law:
[ "Cadaveric rigidity does not appear in living people", "Cadaveric rigidity appears faster in older and the young than in the middle age", "Cadaveric rigidity occurs in men earlier than in the women", "Cadaveric rigidity affect successively the masticatory muscles, those of the face and the neck, those of the ...
Nysten's rule: It is a sequential development of rigor mois in the body after death. Sequence of appearance: Eyelids, Neck & lower jaw, then Face, Chest Muscles, Upper Limb, Abdomen, Lower limb and lastly Fingers and Toes. Rigor disappears in the same sequence cadaveric rigidity first appears in involuntary muscles; th...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_11826
Equatorial diameter of the lens is
[ "7mm", "8mm", "9mm", "10mm" ]
The lens continues to grow throughout life. At bih, it measures about 6.4 mm equatorially and 3.5 mm anteroposteriorly and weighs approximately 90 mg. The adult lens typically measures 9 mm equatorially and 5 mm anteroposteriorly and weighs approximately 255 mg. Ref. AAO Sec.11 (2011-2012) Pg.No. 7
C
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medmcqa
medmcqa_52656
A 45 year old female patient comes for regular health checkup. Ultrasound reveals gallstones. She has a family history of gallstones. What is the treatment option
[ "Conservative management", "Cholecystectomy", "Antibiotics alone", "Tube cholecystectomy" ]
Generally less than 10% of the patients with asymptomatic gallstones develop symptoms over 5 years. So aymptomatic patients does not need surgery. Asymptomatic patients will undergo cholecystectomy in following conditions Porcelain gallbladder Family history of gallstones Diabetic Polyps.
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_43155
Which of the following is the mechanism of action of warfarin?
[ "Activation of antithrombin lll", "Fibrinolysis", "Inhibition of antithrombin lll", "Inhibition of synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X" ]
Warfarin inhibits vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor synthesis. These include factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as protein C and S. Warfarin acts to increase the prothrombin time. Factors XI and XII are not vitamin K-dependent factors. Therefore, warfarin does not inhibit their synthesis. Activation of antithromb...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49892
Proteins are soed by :
[ "Golgi Bodies", "Mitochondria", "Ribosomes", "Nuclear Membrane" ]
A i.e. Golgi bodies
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50536
Which of the following has autosomal inheritance-
[ "Hemophilia", "Marfan syndrome", "CHD", "Gout" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Marfan syndrome o Marfan syndrome is an autosomal disorder (autosomal dominant).o Hemophilia is X-linked recessive.o CHD and gout have multifactorial inheritence.
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_43649
Which of the following is a negative phase proteins:
[ "Transthyretin", "C-Reactive Protein", "Ferritin", "Ceruloplasmin" ]
Ans. a. TransthyretinACUTE PHASE PROTEINPositive acute phase proteinNegative acute phase protein*. Ceruloplasmin*. INF-1*. Ferritin*. Transthyretin (Prealbumin)*. C-Reactive Protein*. Albumin*. HSCRP(Highly Sensitive CRP)*. Transferrin*. Serum amyloid A *. Fibrinogen *. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12701
False about diphtheria is
[ "M/c location of pseudomembrane is faucial", "Diphtheria is toxaemia", "Antidiphtherial serum of (20,000- 1 lakh units) is given in cutaneous diphtheria", "Myocarditis is the chronic complication" ]
Anti diphtherial serum is not indicated in cutaneous diphtheria.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5664
Which of the following muscles is responsible for abduction of vocal cord
[ "Posterior cricoarytenoid", "Lateral cricoarytenoid", "Cricoarytenoid", "Transverse arytenoid" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44128
Break bone fever is cuased by -
[ "Variola", "Coxsackie", "Arbovirus", "Adenovirus" ]
Break bone fever is caused by the dengue virus. REF:<\p>ANATHANARAYANAN MICROBIOLOGY NINTH EDITION PAGE.523
C
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medmcqa
medmcqa_16308
A 22-year-old woman complains of palpitations and has a regular heartbeat at a rate of 170/min, with a blood pressure of 110/70 mm Hg. The rate abruptly changes to 75/min after applying carotid sinus pressure. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
[ "sinus tachycardia", "paroxysmal atrial fibrillation", "paroxysmal atrial flutter", "paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)" ]
The patient most likely has PSVT since the tachycardia terminates after carotid sinus massage (CSM). CSM increases vagal tone (parasympathetic) which decreases AV nodal conduction and terminates AV node re-entry arrhythmias. Sinus tachycardia differs from PSVT tachycardia in that it does not start or stop abruptly. In ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1860
In vision 2020 of NPCB, center of excellence are-
[ "20000", "2000", "200", "20" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 20 o 'Vision 2020: The Right to Sight', is a global initiative launched by WHO in 1999 in a broad coalition with a 'Task Force of International Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)' to combat the gigantic problem of blindness in the world.o Objective of vision 2020. Objective is to eliminate avoidabl...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47623
Middle cerebellar peduncle transmits fibres of -
[ "Ponto cerebellar pathway", "Tectospinal pathway", "Spinocerebellar pathway", "Olivo cerebellar pathway" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14166
First cellular change in hypoxia:
[ "Decreased oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria", "Cellular swelling", "Alteration in cellular membrane permeability", "Clumping of nuclear chromatin" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46357
A 78-year-old man is brought to the hospital because of persistent nausea and vomiting. On examination he appears dry, his abdomen is soft, and the JVP is not visible. Laboratory investigations reveal hypernatremia (158 mEq/L) and his calculated free water deficit is approximately 3 L. What segment of the normal kidney...
[ "collecting ducts", "proximal tubule", "distal tubule", "ascending loop of Henle" ]
The largest volume of water is reabsorbed in the nephron at the proximal convolution. Maximally concentrated urine depends on ADH, which allows distal convoluted tubes and collecting ducts to become permeable to water.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28008
Burst Fracture of spine is a -
[ "Compression Fracture", "Extension injury", "Direct injury", "Flexion - rotation" ]
Burst fracture (crushed communited fracture) is caused by axial (vertical) compression injury.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29676
For untreated Myocardial infarction condition, select the blood or urine value that best distinguishes Myocardial infarction condition from the others. All values are measured after an overnight fast and are compared with those of a normal individual.
[ "Increased troponin I", "Increased blood ketone bodies", "Decreased creatinine in the urine", "Decreased blood lactate" ]
Tissues contain characteristic isozymes or mixtures of isozymes. Enzymes, such as lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase (CK), differ from one tissue to another. Lactate dehydrogenase contains four subunits. Each subunit may be either of the heart (H) or the muscle (M) type. Five isozymes exist (HHHH, HHHM, HHMM, HM...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16270
Narcolepsy is due to abnormality in
[ "Hypothalamus", "Neocoex", "Cerebellum", "Medulla oblongata" ]
Narcolepsy is the prototypical example of sleepiness produced by a basic CNS dysfunction of sleep mechanisms. The etiology stems from a genetically triggered Hypocretin dysfunction and deficit. It is apparent that the hypocretin system plays a critical role in narcolepsy. The Hypocretin producing cell bodies are specif...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8994
Most common cause of rubeosis iridis -
[ "Tumor", "CRAO", "Radiation retinopathy", "Diabetic retinopathy" ]
Rubeosis iridis -neovascularisation of iris.it develops following retinal ischemia which is a common feature of: *proliferative diabetic retinopathy *central retinal vein occlusion *sickle cell retinopathy *Eale's disease Ref:Comprehensive ophthalmology-AK Khurana 6th edition chapter-10 page no:250
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16896
A seven year old boy presented to the OPD with complaints of pain and discharge from left ear. On examination the patient was febrile with neck rigidity and positive Kernig's sign. Gram positive cocci were visualised in the gram stained specimen of the discharge. Most likely pathogen is?
[ "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Haemophilus influenzae", "Staphylococcus epidermidis" ]
The history and clinical features are suggestive of otitis media with meningitis. Pneumococci are the most common cause of otitis media in children. Exclusion of the other options: Haemophilus influenzae is a gram negative bacilli Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis are not commonly implicated in th...
A
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