dataset
string
id
string
question
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medmcqa
medmcqa_15382
All of the following are true about childhood polycystic kidney disease, except –
[ "Autosomal dominant", "Pulmonary hypoplasia", "Renal cyst present at birth", "Hepatic fibrosis" ]
Childhood polycystic kidney disease Childhood polycystic kidney disease has autosomal recessive inheritance, therefore it is also known as autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Defective gene is the PKHD1 (Polycystic Kidney and Hepatic Di8easel) which codes for a protein fibrocystin. Associations Maternal ol...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39825
Which is the most likely complication of IUD ?
[ "Hypofibrogenemia", "Sterility", "Cervical tear", "None of the above" ]
Complications of IUD : Psychological upset Uterine infections Blood coagulation disorder Hypofibrogenemia occurs due to gradual absorption of thromboplastin, liberated from the dead placenta and decides. Ref: Datta Obs 9e pg 304.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_18367
Most radiosensitive tumor is
[ "Renal cell carcinoma", "Carcinoma colon", "Hepatocellular carcinoma", "Testicular seminoma" ]
Ref Robbins 8/e p989 In general, radiation therapy is mainly used for patients with seminoma, which is very sensitive to radiation. Sometimes it's used after orchiectomy (the operation to remove the testicle) and is directed at the lymph nodes at the back of the abdomen (the retroperitoneal lymph nodes). This is to kil...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17652
Below is shown the Slide of Testis. Suppoing cells of testis are:
[ "Leyding cells", "Seoli Cells", "Spermatids", "Spermatogonia" ]
Seoli Cells
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16408
The following enzyme defect causes acute intermittent porphyria
[ "Uroporphyrinogen III synthase", "Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase", "Hydroxymethylbilane synthase", "Protoporphyrinogen oxidase" ]
The defective enzyme in acute intermittent porphyria is hydroxymethylbilane synthase (uroporphyrinogen I synthase)ALA and porphyrobilinogen accumulate in body tissues and fluids.It is an autosomal dominant disorder.While most porphyrias are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, congenital erythropoietic porphyria ...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2846
Laryngeal cailage forming complete circle is
[ "Thyroid", "Cricoid", "Corniculate", "Arytenoid" ]
Ref: BD Chaurasia's HUMAN ANATOMY, Volume 3, 4th edition. Cricoid cailage is shaped like a ring. It encircles the larynx below the thyroid cailage. It is thicker and stronger than the thyroid cailage. The ring has a narrow anterior pa called the arch, and a broad posterior pa called the lamina. The lamina projects upwa...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51778
All are food foification except -
[ "Addition of colour to saccharin", "Addition of Vit A to food stuff", "Addition of extra nutrients to food stuff", "Iodisation of salt" ]
<p> Food foification :- Public health measure aimed at reinforcing the usual dietary intake of nutrients with additional supplies to prevent/control some nutritional disorders. WHO has defined it as the process by which nutrients are added to foods to maintain or improve the quality of diet of a group, community or a p...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_37383
Which of the following immunohistochemical stains is used for the diagnosis of lymphomas -
[ "5-100", "HMB-45", "Leukocyte common antigen", "Cytokeratin" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Leukocyte common antigen CD45 (leucocyte common antigen) is a _family of single chain transmembrane glycoproteins. o CD45 (leucocyte common antigen) is exclusively expressed in hematolymphoid cells. o Almost all hematolymphoid cells including precursor cells and mature B and T lymphocytes granulocytes...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44514
Acute adrenal insufficiency can present as
[ "Acute abdomen with abdominal tenderness, nausea, vomiting and fever", "Neurologic disease with decreased responsiveness progressing to stupor and coma", "Hypovolemic shock", "All of the above." ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Presentation in Acute Adrenal Insufficiency* Acute adrenal insufficiency usually occurs after a prolonged period of nonspecific complaints and is more frequently observed in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency, due to the loss of both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid secre...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16400
What will be the effect on respiration if a transmission is made between the pons & medulla
[ "Apnoea", "Irregular & gasping", "No effect", "Slow & deep" ]
B i.e. Irregular and gasping The main component of respiratory control pattern generator responsible for automatic respiration are located in the medulla. After transection of brain stem at inferior border of pons spontaneous respiration continues, albeit somewhat irregular and gasping.Q Whereas, transection at mid (up...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_4821
35 year old female patient presents with dysmenorrhea, not associated with nausea or vomiting. She has history of menorrhagia. Her urine pregnancy test being negative, has symmetric enlarged tender uterus. She undergoes hysterectomy and the specimen is shown below. Diagnosis
[ "Endometrial cancer", "Adenomyosis", "Cervical cancer", "Endometrial hyperplasia" ]
The specimen shows spongy, trabeculated myometrium texture suggestive of Adenomyosis.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47122
Reactive oxygen free radical in lysosome is released by
[ "NADPH oxidase", "Superoxide dismutase", "Peroxidase", "Myeloperoxidase" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_40935
A 7 year old boy is newly diagnosed to have type 1 Diabetes mellitus and staed on Insulin therapy. When should the screening for Nephropathy begin in this child?
[ "Immediately", "1 year after the onset of Diabetes", "5 years after the onset of Diabetes", "10 years after the onset of Diabetes" ]
MC - Type 1 Diabetes | DOC - Insulin Mixed split regime Basal bolus regime - Screening for Nephropathy should begin: In Pre-pubeal age - 5 years after onset Pubeal age - 2 years after onset
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16414
Which feature would most likely be found in a patient with lepromatous leprosy?
[ "No bacteremia", "Macrophages with a foamy appearance in the dermis", "A positive lepromin reaction", "A high cell-mediated response against Mycobacterium leprae" ]
The disease of leprosy is divided into two basic types: lepromatous and tuberculoid. The lepromatous form is an aggressive disease, whereas the tuberculoid form tends to be self-limiting. Individuals with lepromatous leprosy have an inflammatory skin infiltrate, which consists largely of macrophages that have a charact...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_6377
The protein quality indicator adopted by ICMR in recommending dietary protein requirements is
[ "Amino acid score", "Net protein utilization", "Biological value", "Protein efficiency ratio" ]
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in 2010 recommended 1.0g protein/Kg body weight for an India adult, assuming a Net protein utilization (NPU) of 65 for dietary proteins.Park 23e pg: 610
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34013
Symptoms of Hanup's disease mimic:-
[ "Beri-Beri", "Pellagra", "Kwashiorkor", "Korsakoff psychosis" ]
Deficiency of tryptophan will lead to the deficiency of Niacin in the body Thus causing pellagra like symptoms (neurological and dermatologic), Hanup's Disease: AR (autosomal recessive), rare disorder Defect in neutral amino acid transpoer also called mono-amino mono carboxylic amino acid transpoer which transpos neutr...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34342
The distinct neurotoxin produced by which Clostridia?
[ "Clostridium welchii", "Clostridium tetani", "Clostridium septicum", "Clostridium oedematiens" ]
(B) Clostridium tetani # Toxins: Cl. tetani produces at least two distinct toxins - a hemolysin (tetanolysin) and a powerful neurotoxin (tetanospasmin).> Two are antigenically and pharmacologically distinct & their production is mutually independent
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51382
You are conducting a study on a new type of infectious disease and find that the case fatality rate is high. It means that:
[ "The disease is highly infective", "The disease has a sho incubation period", "The disease is caused by a virulent organism", "All the above" ]
Case fatality rate = Total number of deaths due to a paicular disease/Total number of cases of the same disease It is a measure of the killing power of a disease and is closely related to the virulence. Ref: Park, Edition 21, Page - 54.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_26877
Last ocular muscle to be involved in Grave's disease?
[ "Inferior rectus", "Lateral rectus", "Superior rectus", "Inferior oblique" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Inferior oblique Order of involvement (Mnemonic : IM SLO(W)) :- Inferior rectus > medial rectus > superior rectus > Lateral rectus > obliques.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_41978
The space maintainer which is contraindicated in a child suffering from sub acute bacterial endocarditis is
[ "Removable", "Crown and loop", "Band and Loop", "Distal shoe" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_23695
fibrinoid necrosis is senn all the following except ?
[ "malignant hypeension", "acute rheumatic fever", "polyahropathy", "polyairitis nodosa" ]
Fibrinoid necrosis : alSo called "fibrinoid degeneration" It appears as strongly eosinophilic, reflexible small granules, pieces or amorphous materials, in the wall of blood vessel or in connective tissue. The original structure is destroyed. It can be seen in rheumatic fever, allergic vasculitis and other immune compl...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1442
Clergyman knee affects
[ "Prepatellar bursa", "Infrapatellar bursa", "Olecranon", "Ischial bursa" ]
BursitisNamed diseasePrepatellar BursitisHouse Maid's Knee Infrapatellar BursitisClergyman's Knee / Vicars Knee Olecranon BursitisStudents elbow Ischial BursitisWeavers Bottom Lateral Malleolus Bursitis Tailors Ankle Great Toe BursitisBunion (Refer: Mohindra's Fundamentals of Ohopedics, 2nd edition, pg no. 450, 528)
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_4399
False statement regarding cholestasis in pregnancy:
[ "Recurs In subsequent pregnancy", "Ursodeoxycholic acid relieves pruritus", "Mild jaundice occurs in majority of patients", "Pruritus may precede laboratory findings" ]
Recurrence is common in subdequent pregnancies (90%)and with the use of oestrogen containing oral contraceptivr pills.Such patients are at risk for chronic liver disease and should be closely followed up aftet pregnancy. Refer page no 280 of Text book of obsteics,sheila balakrishnan,2 nd edition. OR Reccurence rate is ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_11233
Break bone fever is caused by:
[ "Variola", "Coxsackie", "Dengue", "Adenovirus" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., DengueThe dengue virus causes classic dengue or break bone fever characterized by fever, muscle and joint pain, lymph - adenopathy and rash. In addition, it also causes dengue hemorrhagic fever, i.e., a much more severe disease than classic dengue fever with a high fatality rate.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44523
Proteins directed to which of the following organelles are synthesized by ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
[ "Lysosomes", "Mitochondria", "Nucleus", "Peroxisomes" ]
Proteins for many cellular destinations are synthesized by ribosomes which are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Proteins synthesized in this way include lysosomal enzymes, proteins located in the plasma membrane and proteins found in the endoplasmic reticulum itself. These proteins are transpoed through the endop...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24377
Genetic reassortment is seen with -
[ "Astrovirus", "Herpes virus", "Rotavirus", "Hepadnavirus" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29729
True about hiatus hernia
[ "Surgery indicated in all symptomatic cases of paraesophageal", "Para-esophageal type is more complicated", "Para-esophageal type is common type", "Common in infants" ]
HIATUS HERNIA is the most common type of a diaphragmatic hernia classified into type 1 -commonest, small, reducible and is the cephalad displacement of the gastro oesophagal junction into the mediastinum. type 2 -superior migration of fundus of the stomach alongside the GE junction type 3 -combination of both sliding h...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31714
Which of the following drugs acts on trabecular meshwork and affects the aquatic outflow
[ "Timolol", "Pilocarpine", "Brimonidine", "Brinzolamide" ]
Miotics-like pilocarpine act by increasing the trabecular outflow. Drugs for Glaucoma- Mechanism of Action Brimonidine- Reducing aqueous production and Latanoprost- Increasing uveoscleral flow . Pilocarpine-Increase the trabecular outflow Betaxolol-Reduces aqueous secretion by cilary body Ref-KDT 6/e p145
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_40262
Vestibular function is assessed by -
[ "Fistula test", "Hallpike manaeuver", "Caloric test", "All of the above" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Vestibular systemo The vestibular system contributes to balance and to the sense of spatial orientation.o It is a sensory system that provides the leading contribution about movement and sense of balance.o It includes the labyrinth (semicircular canals and otolith : utricle & sacules)...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44702
Abandoning a child will be punished for
[ "2 years", "4 years", "5 years", "7 years" ]
Abandoning of a child Father or mother of a child who is under 12 years or anyone who is having care of such child, leaves such a child in any place with the intention of abandoning the child shall be punished with imprisonment upto 7 years. Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 354
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20408
Superior wall of middle ear is formed by ?
[ "Tympanic membrane", "Jugular bulb", "Tegmen tympani", "None" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Tegmen tympani Roof (superior wall) of middle ear is formed by tegmen tympani.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5303
The best available treatment for poal hypeensive gastropathy is:
[ "Beta blocker", "TIPS", "Surgical poacaval shunt", "Liver transplantation" ]
Poal hypeensive gastropathy (PHG) is the ectatic blood vessels in the proximal gastric body and cardia causing oozing of the blood. Less severe grades of PHG appear as a mosaic or snakeskin pattern and are not associated with bleeding. Severe PHG with diffuse bleeding is treated by b-adrenergic receptor blockers or pos...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39552
Altered presumption of real objects is
[ "Illusion", "Delusion", "Hallucination", "Delirium" ]
(A) Illusion # Hallucination-- caused by a substance; seeing and/or hearing people, objects that are not there & verbally responding to them.> Delusion--false idea; misbeliefs (example) thinking one is a king or God or the president. Ideas of grandeur.> Illusion-- seeing an object that isn't there; misconception of loo...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8453
An infant develops cough and fever. The X-ray examination is suggestive of bronchopneumonia. All of the following viruses can be the causative agent, EXCEPT:
[ "Parainfluenza viruses", "Influenza virus A", "Respiratory syncytial virus", "Mumps virus" ]
Mumps occur between the ages of 5 & 15. Infants are rarely involved due to presence of transplacentally acquired maternal mumps antibodies. Ref: O P Ghai Essential Pediatrics, 6th Edition, Page 209
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34008
A 9 months old previously healthy infant was brought with complaints of fever of 12 hours' duration along with a running nose and an episode of generalized tonic clonic movements lasting for 34 minutes. Child was brought to the emergency within 1 hour. Child was observed in the emergency and was found to be alert activ...
[ "Febrile convulsions", "Transient myoclonic epilepsy", "Hypocalcemia", "Hypernatremia" ]
Ans. A. Febrile ConvulsionsFebrile convulsions are the commonest provoked seizures affecting 3-5% children. They are defined as seizures. During fever occurring between 6 months and 5 yr. age in the absence of infection of the central nervous system in a neurologically normal child. Febrile seizures are frequently gene...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22944
Which of the following gene mutations is most commonly associated with systemic mastocytosis?
[ "CALR", "JAK2", "KIT", "MPL" ]
Myeloproliferative neoplasms Disorder Mutation/Translocation Chronic myeloid leukemia BCR-ABL1 fusion/translocation Polycythemia vera JAK2 mutations Essential thrombocythemia/Primary myelofibrosis JAK2, CALR, MPL mutations Systemic mastocytosis KIT mutations Chronic eosinophilic leukemia FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion genePDE4DI...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43810
Type IV hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen may manifest as –
[ "Iridocylitis", "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Phlyctenular conjunctivitis", "Giant cell arteritis" ]
Phlyctenular conjunctivitis is type IV hypersensitivity reaction to endogenous allergen (tubercular protein, staphylococcal protein).
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24581
Which of the following does not form portal triad in liver
[ "Hepatic artery", "Hepatic vein", "Bile duct", "Portal vein" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hepatic vein Histology of the Livero Liver is covered by Glisson's capsule.o Liver is divided into hexagonal lobules oriented around the terminal tributaries of the hepatic vein (Terminal hepatic veins), i.e. Terminal hepatic vein is in the centre of the lobule and area around the hepatic vein is call...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_37279
The best method to prevent initiation of caries in a four¬year-old child who has no accessibility to community water fluoridation is:
[ "Brushing and flossing", "2.2% NaF tablet daily", "0.05% NaF mouthwash daily", "0.5% NaF toothpaste daily" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38580
Double track sign is seen in
[ "Duodenal atresia", "CHPS", "Gastric ulcer", "Achalasia" ]
Double/triple track sign is seen in congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33926
Most common organism cultured in CSOM is ?
[ "Staphylococcus aureus", "Staphylococcus epidermidis", "Streptococcus pneumonia", "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa Microbiology of CSOM Pus culture in both types of aerobic and anaerobic CSOM may show multiple organisms. Most commonly isolated organisms are gram negative bacilli, i.e., Pseudomonas, proteus, E.coli. These organisms are not commonly found in the respiratory tract, while common...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_10919
In rabies the characteristic pathological manifestationis:
[ "Ventriculitis", "Brainstem encephalitis", "Basal ganglia affection", "Meningitis" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Brainstem encephalitis(Ref: Robbin's 7th/e, p. 1375)* Rabies is severe encephalitis, mainly involves. Rhombencephalon (Brainstem), Basal ganglia, Spinal Cord, Dorsal root ganglia.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20055
Most common complication of pseudocyst of pancreas
[ "Rupture into peritoneum", "Haemorrhage", "Infection", "Rupture into colon" ]
PSEUDOCYST A pseudocyst is a collection of amylase-rich fluid enclosed in a well-defined wall of fibrous or granulation tissue. Pseudocysts typically arise following an attack of mild acute pancreatitis, lie outside the pancreas, and represent an APFC that has not resolved and matured. Formation of a pseudocyst require...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_6802
layryngeal dystonia which is a psychiatric emergency can be treated with
[ "lorazepam", "milnacipran", "dantrolene", "propanolol" ]
Acute dystonia * <48 hours of staing antipsychotics * M.C in======Younger black males * If a patient develops dystonia he is more prone for eps Patient considers this as an Allergic reaction , thereby may stop drugs Layryngeal dystonia is a Psychiatric emergency, should be treated with IV lorazepam TREATMENT * Diphenhy...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16301
Gum tumor with 2 contralateral mobile lymph nodes in cheek comes under -a) T3N2M0b) T2N2M0 c) T4N2M0d) T3N3M0
[ "ab", "a", "ad", "bc" ]
As the size of tumor is not mentioned so it may be any T. Since 2 contralateral mobile lymph nodes are present it will be N2 stage. No local invasion given so it can be T1 or T2 or T3 but not T4. So stage will be : - T3N2M0 - T2N2M0
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_27754
The insulin preparation of choice in diabetic ketoacidosis is
[ "Regular insulin", "Lente insulin", "Isophane insulin", "A 30:70 mixture of plain and isophane insulin" ]
Diabetic ketoacidosis (Diabetic coma) Ketoacidosis of different grades generally occurs in insulin dependent diabetics. It is infrequent in type 2 DM. The most common precipitating cause is infection; others are trauma, stroke, pancreatitis, stressful conditions and inadequate doses of insulin Treatment of DKA:- 1. Ins...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16167
Post-transplant cytomegalovirus infection may cause
[ "Pyelonephritis", "GI ulceration and hemorrhage", "Cholecystitis", "Intraabdominal abscess" ]
Overall, 30% of all infections contracted in the posttransplant period are viral. The most common viral infections are DNA viruses of the herpesvirus family and include cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, and varicella zoster virus. CMV infections may occur as either primary or reactive inf...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_9553
A patient treated for infeility, was diagnosed with twin pregnancy at 6 weeks gestation. On her follow up USG at 12 weeks, there was a single developing live fetus. Fuher management is?
[ "Advice MTP as the second twin is at increased risk of aboing", "Continue pregnancy like a normal singleton pregnancy", "Watch for coagulation defect in mother", "Chorionic villous sampling" ]
This is a case of vanishing twin. This may occur in upto 1 out of 8 twin pregnancies. When a twin dies in the first trimester it has no significant effect on the mother or the surviving fetus. The pregnancy should therefore be continued as a normal singleton pregnancy. In a slightly more advanced gestation, fetal death...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_11024
Hair cell of organ of corti supported by-a) Onodi cellsb) Deiter cellc) Hensen celld) Bullar celle) Haller cell
[ "a", "c", "ac", "bc" ]
Supporting cells in organ of corti are PHD i.e. Pillar cells, Hersen cells and Decten cells. Hellar cells are ethmoidal air cell that extend along the medial roof of the maxillary sinus. They may exist as a discrete cells or the may open into maxillary sinus or infundibulumQ  “Onodi cells are posterior and lateral exte...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_9858
Increased radiolucency of one sided hemithorax may he caused by all the following except:
[ "Obstructive emphysema", "Pneumothorax", "Expiratory film", "Rotation" ]
Ans. Expiratory film
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_6499
Hypoglossal nerve injury cause:
[ "Detion of soft palate to affected side", "Detion of soft palate to active side", "Detion of tongue to lesion side", "Detion of larynx to affected side" ]
Hypoglossal nerve cause: Tongue to dete to the affected side Larynx to dete to active side
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22598
2, 3 DPG binds to __________ site of Hb and __________ release of O2?
[ "One, increase", "Four, increase", "One, decrease", "Four, decrease" ]
The fate of 2,3 - DPG2, 3-DPG is synthesized within RBCs from 3 phosphoglyceraldehyde, which is a product of glycolysis the Embden-Meyerhof pathway.It is a highly charged anion that binds to the P chains of deoxy-hemoglobin. One mole of deoxyhemoglobin binds 1 mol of 2,3-DPG.HbO2 + 2,3-DPG = Hb - 2,3-DPG + O2In this eq...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46023
Ranitidine differs from cimetidine because of?
[ "Ranitidine does not have anti androgenic side effect", "Shoer half life", "More side effects", "Less potent" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ranitidine does not have antiandrogenic side effect
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34415
Glands of littre are homologous to
[ "Baholin gland", "Cowper's gland", "Skene glands", "Glands on labia" ]
Glands of littre are the urethral glands of males Skene glands are the paraurethral glands Glands of littre are homologous to skene glands Ref: Internet sources,Shaw Gynecology 17 e pg 2.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21253
Health assistant should make repos of bihs and deaths occurring in their area every: September 2011
[ "Day", "Week", "Month", "Year" ]
Ans. B: Week Common job functions for the health assistants (male and female) include collecting and compiling the weekly repos of bihs and deaths occurring in their areas and submitting them to the MO PHC.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17027
Not a feature of atrial septal defect:
[ "Fixed S2 split", "Mid diastolic murmur", "Ejection systolic murmur", "Paradoxical pulse" ]
Ans. d (Paradoxical pulse). (Ref OP Ghai 6th ed. 402; Nelson Paediatrics, 18th/1883)ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT (ASD):# This is a common cardiac anomaly that may be first encountered in the adult and occurs more frequently in females.# Can be divided into 3 types:- Ostium primum atrial septal defect (ASD)- Ostium secundum ASD...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_6458
As per WHO protocol ATT drug C/l in pregnancy:
[ "Rifampicin", "Pyrazinamide", "Ethambutol", "Streptomycin" ]
Ans: D (Streptomycin) T.B Treatment during pregnancy Park 21st/175"During pregnancy, streptomycin can cause permanent deafness in the baby, so ethambutol should be used instead of streptomycin. Isonsazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide & ethambutol are safe to use. Second-line drugs such as fluoroquinolones, ethionamide PS p...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7676
Pain due to pelvic congestion syndrome is relieved by:
[ "OC pills.", "Tamoxifen", "Mefenamic Acid.", "Mifepristone." ]
PELVIC CONGESTION SYNDROME There is congestion or dilatation of uterine or ovarian plexuses. Symptoms: Patient has a congestive type of dysmenorrhea without any demonstrable pelvic pathology. other symptoms include: bilateral lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia, abnormal uterine bleeding, chronic fatigue and irritable bo...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28696
Hepatic encephalopathy is caused by an increase of ?
[ "Urea", "Glutamate", "Ammonia", "Fattyacid" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., AmmoniaHepatic encephalopathy is characterized by altered level of consciousness, caused by liver disorder.Liver disorder is characterized by elevation of ammonia. As liver is considered with detoxification of ammonia to form urea, in liver failure ammonia level is elevated.Hepatic encephalopathy basi...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8195
Alveoli will not collapse during expiration in normal individuals. The stability of alveoli is maintained by the following factor:
[ "Compliance of the lungs", "Residual air in alveoli", "Negative intrapleural pressure", "Reduced surface tension by surfactant" ]
The low surface tension when the alveoli are small is due to the presence of surfactant in the fluid lining the alveoli. Surfactant is a mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), other lipids, and proteins. If the surface tension is not kept low when the alveoli become smaller during expiration, they collapse i...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34703
For a class V cavity for amalgam:
[ "Mesio-distal walls are parallel and occluso-gingival walls converging", "Mesio-distal walls diverging, occlusogingival walls converging", "MD walls diverging, OG walls diverging", "MD walls and OG walls parallel" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2417
Final centre for horizontal movements of eye is-
[ "Abducent nucleus", "Trochlear nucleus", "Oculomotor nucleus", "Vestibular nucleus" ]
Horizontal movements of the eye are bought about by the action of Lateral rectus muscle. Lateral rectus muscle causes Abduction of the eye. It is supplied by the Sixth nerve (Abducent) Third cranial nerve (Occulomotor) supplies the superior, medial and inferior recti and inferior oblique muscle. Fouh cranial nerve(troc...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1150
All of the following are neuronal tumors, except-
[ "Gangliocytoma", "Ganglioglioma", "Neurocytoma", "Ependymoma" ]
Conventional classification of CNS tumors Conventionally, CNS tumors are classified into following three groups:- Glial tumors :- Primary tumors of the CNS that arise from the three glial cells present in the CNS, i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. Examples are astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51883
Phagocytosis was discovered by?
[ "Elie Metchinkoff", "Aulus Cornelius Celsus.", "RudolfVirchow", "Emil Adolf von Behring" ]
“The discovery ofphagocytosis by Elie Metchinkoff marks the birth of immunology”.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53281
Which of the following is a secondary lymphoid organ?
[ "Liver", "Spleen", "Bone marrow", "Thymus" ]
Generative (Central) Lymphoid Organs Thymus: Site of development of T cells Bone marrow: Site of maturation of B lymphocytes Secondary (Peripheral) Lymphoid Organs (in which adaptive immune responses to microbes are initiated) Lymph nodes Spleen Mucosal & Cutaneous lymphoid tissues
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_53755
True for tetanus are all, except:
[ "Due to exotoxin", "Due to endotoxin", "Both of the above", "None of the above" ]
Due to exotoxin
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38306
Which of the following fungal infection causes most commonly corneal ulcer:
[ "Trichophyton", "Aspergillus", "Mucor", "Sprothrix" ]
Ans. (b) AspergillusRef: Microbiology by Ananthanarayan and Paniker 8th ed. /613, 659-60* Fungal infections of the cornea are secondary to injury, bacterial infection and treatment with antibacterial agents and steroids.* Occur most often in hot climates.* It can also caused by common saprophytic moulds- Aspergillus an...
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_40665
A 25-year-old woman presented with primary amenorrhea, short stature, webbed neck, broad chest and widely spaced pages. Examination showed weak pulses in lower extremity and streak ovaries. Which of the following karyotype is most likely to be present?
[ "45,X/46,XX", "47XXY", "47 XXX", "47 XXY/48 XXXY" ]
Ans-ANote-The diagnosis is Turner syndrome
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_25459
Brown-Sequard's syndrome is characterized by
[ "Loss of temperature & pain on opposite side", "Loss of touch on opposite side", "Loss of motor power on opposite side", "ALL" ]
Ans. a (Loss of temperature & pain on opposite side). (Ref. Harrison 18th/Ch. 377)BROWN-SEQUARD HEMICORD SYNDROME consists of -# Ipsilateral weakness (corticospinal tract) and# Loss of joint position and vibratory sense (posterior column), with# Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sense (spinothalamic tract) one...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34758
Which is not a variable of MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) formula?
[ "Age", "Gender", "Race", "Weight" ]
TEST : 1. CKD - EPI - cystatin C method (BEST) ; Cystatin - C is produced by nucleated cells 2. Modification of diet in renal disease formula GFR= 186.3 x (serum creatinine level ( mg/dl))-1.154 x age-0.203 x ( 0.742 if female ) x (1.21 if black) 3. Cockroft Gault formula 4. Creatinine clearance 5. Inulin clearance
D
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medmcqa
medmcqa_17015
Changes in the respiratory system in pregnancy;
[ "Vital capacity is increased", "Subcostal angle remains unchanged", "Tidal volume remains unaltered", "Residual volume Is decreased" ]
Anatomical changes:The lower ribs flare out,the subcoastal angles increases from 68 to 103 degree,transverse diameter of chest increases by 2 cm and the diaphragm rises about 4cm in pregnancy. Functional changes:Increase in ventilation in pregnancy is achieved by an increase in tidal volume by 40%.Minute ventilatory vo...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2412
All of the following are true about Temporal Aeritis except.
[ "Polymyalgia Rheumatica", "Anemia", "Low ESR", "Sudden blindness" ]
Answer is C (Low ESR): Temporal aeritis is characterised by an increased ESR. TEMPORAL AERITIS / GIANT CELL AERITIS / CRANIAL AERITIS : Inflammation (vasculitis) of MediumQ and Large sizedQ aeries Most common aery involved - Carotid aery (temporal branch of carotid aeryQ) Classical Clinical complex - Fever - Anemias - ...
C
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medmcqa
medmcqa_20414
Terrible triad of O'Douoghue include:
[ "ACL + LCL + PLC", "ACL + PLC + PCL", "ACL + MCL + PLC", "ACL + MCL + medial meniscus tear" ]
Ans. dOption aFalseNot correctOption bFalseNot correctOption cFalseNot correctOption dTrueYes correctOption eFalseNot correctThe unhappy triad of O'Donoghue described the injuries as:1. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear2. Medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear/sprain3. Medial meniscal tear (lateral compartment bone ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49763
The first hea sound is loud in which of the following conditions? 1. Mitral regurgitation 2. Pregnancy 3. Anemia 4. Mitral stenosis
[ "1 and 4", "1, 2 and 4", "3 and 4", "2, 3 and 4" ]
Loud S1-Tachycardia Sho PR interval CHF Anemia Pheochromocytoma Thyrotoxicosis Physiological: Children /pregnancy In Mitral stenosis-Physical obstruction- | Left atrial pressure S1 becomes softer in - Later stages of MS when the leaflets are rigid and calcified After exposure to beta adrenergic receptor blockers - Long...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43972
IVRA is contraindicated in -
[ "Cancer of hematogenous system", "Sickle cell disease", "Coagulopathy", "Hypeension" ]
Intravenous regional anaesthesia (IRVA) was first described by Augustus Bier in 1908; his technique was repopularised by Holmes in 1963. The administration of intravenous local anaesthetic in an isolated limb by means of an ischaemic cuff is a simple and effective technique, with a low incidence of failure and high deg...
C
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medmcqa
medmcqa_28639
Hepatitis B can transmitted through all of the following routes EXCEPT:
[ "Milk", "Semen", "Stool", "Blood" ]
However universal precaution is not needed for breast milk (no occupational hazard), Human breast milk has been implicated in perinatal transmission of HIV, and HBsAg has been found in the milk of mothers infected with HBV (REF: JAMA 1988; 259:1353-6. Lifson AR, Bond WW, Petersen NJ, Gravelle CR, Favero MS. Hepatitis B...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24524
Contraindications to intrauterine contraceptive device are all except
[ "Wilson disease", "Uterine abnormality with distorted uterine cavity", "Menorrhagia due to coagulation disorder", "High risk for PID" ]
Menorrhagia due to coagulation disorder is not a contraindication to IUD use.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52981
A male 30 years of age complaints of poor vision in day light which improves in dim light. Which of the following is the most common cause?
[ "Cortical cataract", "Morgagnian cataract", "Nuclear cataract", "Steroid induced cataract" ]
Ans. (d) Steroid induced cataractRef: Ducker's ophthalmology 2/e, p. 412; Parson's 20/e, p. 251Steroid induced cataract is posterior subcapsular which causes the said complaints due to its central position. Age favours PSC than nuclear cataract.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46146
Post mortem staining gets fixed after -
[ "2-3 hrs.", "3-4 hrs.", "5-6 hrs.", "6-7 hrs." ]
Postmortem staining get fixed in 6-12 hours.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16188
One of the following is not a requirement of an ideal denture cleanser:
[ "Should be difficult to separate from denture fit surface", "Should dissolve all denture deposits", "Exhibit bactericidal effect", "Non-toxic" ]
Ideal requirements of denture cleanser: Non-toxic Easy to remove and should be harmless to patient. Harmless to the denture base materials and denture teeth. Able to dissolve all denture deposits such as calculus. Exhibit bactericidal and fungicidal activity.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32419
Motile spermatozoa found in wet mount of vaginal secretions are indicative of intercourse within the past:Karnataka 09; LIP 09; MAHE 11
[ "6 h", "12 h", "24 h", "48 h" ]
Ans. 12 h
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_52144
Invert sugar, is
[ "equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose", "equimolar mixture of Sucrose and glucose", "equimolar mixture of Glucose and lactose", "equimolar mixture of Glucose and lactose" ]
Hydrolysis of sucrose (optical rotation +66.5°) will produce one molecule of glucose (+52.5°) and one molecule of fructose (–92°). Therefore, the products will change the dextrorotation to levorotation, or the plane of rotation is inverted. Equimolecular mixture of glucose and fructose thus formed is called invert suga...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14161
Father has a blood group B : Mother has AB : Children are not likely to have the following blood group -
[ "0", "A", "B", "AB" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Blood group 0'A' antigen, 'B' allel gives Type 'EV antigen, and 0 allel gives type '0' antigen.o Both A and B are dominant over '0'.o So, person with AA antigen & AO antigen will have 'A' blood group, person with BB antigen & BO antigen will have`Er blood group, and only 00 people have type '0' blood....
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_40123
Maximum amount of flouride is absorbed by:
[ "Enamel", "Dentin", "Cementum", "Pulp" ]
Enamel 2200 – 3300 ppm Dentin 200 – 300 ppm Cementum 4400 ppm Pulp is 100 – 650 ppm
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29649
Which of the following drug is a 5HT2c agonist approved for treatment of obesity and causes Serotonin Syndrome as an adverse effect?
[ "Lorcaserin", "Sibutramine", "Modafinil", "Rimonabant" ]
Lorcaserin: 5HT2c agonist Causes weight loss S/E: Serotonin syndrome Sibutramine: Serotonin and nor-adrenaline reuptake inhibitor Discontinued due to increased risk of stroke Modafinil: used in treatment of Narcolepsy Rimonabant: Inverse agonist of cannabinoid receptor - 1 Causes weight loss Prevents craving of alcohol...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32177
Road - to health cha was given by?
[ "John Snow", "David Morley", "Koch", "Henrey Ducant" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., David morley Growth cha Also known as "road-to-health" cha. It was first designed by David morley. It is a visible display of the child's physical growth and development. It is designed primarily for the longitudinal follow-up (growth monitoring) of child. Mostly weight for age is taken into considera...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48292
Ochronosis is seen in poisoning with
[ "Boric acid", "Carbolic acid", "Oxalic acid", "HCl" ]
CARBOLIC ACID (phenol; OH) In the body, phenol is paly oxidised to hydroquinone and pyrocatechol. CHRONIC POISONING (PHENOL MARASMUS) It is characterised by anorexia, weight loss, headache, veigo, dark urine and pigmentation of skin and sclera. The hydroquinone and pyrocatechol may cause pigmentation in the cornea and ...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_15372
Crescent fracture is
[ "Fracture of iliac crest", "Fracture of coccyx", "Fracture of calcaneum", "Fracture of Atlas" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5700
Winging of the scapula is due to injury to:
[ "Nerve supplying serratus anterior", "Pectoral nerve", "Subscapular nerve", "Ulnar nerve" ]
Nerve supplying serratus anterior
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_19179
Activated protein C is used therapeutically in:
[ "Abnormal PT\\/PTT", "Ml", "Fungal infection", "Sepsis" ]
Answer is option4, sepsis Human recombinant activated protein C for severe sepsis. Mai-Carvajal AJ1, Sola I, Lathyris D, Cardona AF. Author information Update in Human recombinant protein C for severe sepsis and septic shock in adult and paediatric patients. Abstract BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a common and frequently fatal ...
D
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medmcqa
medmcqa_10261
A 68-year-old female patient is seen on the ward. She complains of severe pain in her right eye. There is blurring of vision and she feels nauseated and has vomited several times. Earlier in the day she has undergone colonoscopy for evaluation of her long-standing Crohn's disease. The endoscopist has made a comment tha...
[ "Anterior uveitis", "Acute conjunctivitis", "Episcleritis", "Acute angle closure glaucoma" ]
Ans. (d) Acute angle closure glaucomaAnticholinergic agents are sometimes used during endoscopy to cause smooth muscle relaxation to aid examination when difficulty is encountered. These agents cause pupillary dilatation, thus, precipitating acute angle closure glaucoma in susceptible patients. In patients with a histo...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1505
An 18 year old boy presents with digital gangrene In third and fouh fingers for last 2 weeks. On examination the blood pressure is 170/110 mm of Hg and all peripheral pulses were palpable. Blood and urine examinations were unremarkable. Antinuclear antibodies, antibody to double stranded DNA and antineutrophil cytoplas...
[ "Wegener's granulomatosis", "Polyaeritis nodosa", "Takayasu's aeritis", "Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)" ]
Polyaeritis nodosa was described in 1866 by Kussmaul and Maier.It is a multisystem, necrotizing vasculitis of small- and medium-sizedmuscular aeries in which involvement of the renal and visceral aeries is characteristic. Polyaeritis nodosa does not involve pulmonaryaeries, although bronchial vessels may be involved; ...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24408
The pathogenesis of periapical cyst is?
[ "Increased pressure within the cyst", "Immune mediated bone destruction", "Proliferation of epithelium", "None" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38110
Mugging is:
[ "When the neck of the victim is held in the bend of the elbow.", "Compression of neck by human hands.", "When the neck is compressed by using 2 bamboo sticks.", "When the external respiratory orifice are closed by the hand or other means." ]
Ans: a (When the neck......elbow) Ref: Reddy, 27th ed,p. 312Mugging is described as strangulation caused by holding the neck of the victim in the bend of the elbow.Throttling - Asphyxia produced by compression of the neck by human hands.Bansdola - One bamboo stick is placed across the back of the neck and another acros...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2896
Not an indication for percutaneous aspiration in amoebic liver abscess
[ "Radiographically unresolved lesion after 6 months after 6 months", "Suspected diagnosis", "Left lobe liver abscess", "Compression or outflow obstruction of hepatic or poal vein" ]
Amoebic liver abscess Although clinical improvement after adequate treatment with antiamoebic agents is the rule, radiologic resolution of the abscess cavity is usually delayed The average time to radiologic resolution is 3 to 9 months and can take as long as years in some patients Studies have shown that more than 90%...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_45088
Group of 4-8 expes talking in front of a large group of audience is known as:
[ "Panel discussion", "Symposium", "Workshop", "Seminar" ]
In a panel discussion, 4-8 persons who are qualified to talk about the topic sit and discuss a given problem, or the topic, in front of a large group of audience Panel Discussion A panel consists of a small group of four or eight persons, who carry on a guided and informal discussion before an audience as if the panel ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_19901
Most common type of non scarring alopecia is:
[ "Androgenic", "Areata", "Tinea capitis", "Traction" ]
Androgenic
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50568
Which of the following brain tumors does not spread CSF?
[ "Germ cell tumors", "Medulloblastoma", "CNS Lymphoma", "Craniopharyngoma" ]
Answer is D (Craniopharyngioma): 'Ceain brain tumors such as medulloblastomas, primitive neurectodermal tumors, anaplastic ependymomas, choroid plexus carcinoma, pineoblastomas germ cell tumors and lymphomas may involve the CSF, leptomeningis of the brain or spinal cord'. Thus all tumors except craniophatyngiomas menti...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7335
Lesion in female child born to a mother treated with stilbesterol is :
[ "Vaginal adenosis", "Sarcoma Botyroides", "Cervical erosion", "Carcinoma endometrium" ]
Vaginal adenosis
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38145
Which foot bone does not have any muscle attachment?
[ "Talus", "Calcaneum", "Navicular", "1st metatarsal" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Talus * Talus is the only bone in the foot having no muscle attachments. It has only ligamentous attachments.
A
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