dataset
string
id
string
question
string
choices
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rationale
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answer
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medmcqa
medmcqa_11796
Post marketing surveillance included In which phase of drug clinical trial-
[ "I", "II", "III", "IV" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., IV CLINICAL TRAILSo Before a new drug comes to the market, it is extensively tested in animals and invitro studies for safety and efficacy. It the drug is found to be promising in these studies, an application called USD (Investigational New Drug) is filed with United States food and drug administrati...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_18997
Which of the following is not a cardioselective beta blocker:
[ "Acebutol", "Atenolol", "Pindolol", "Metoprolol" ]
Pindolol
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28203
A 20-year-old patient with urethral discharge. Possible diagnosis:
[ "Chlamydia trachomatis", "Ureaplasma urealyticum", "Trichomonas vaginalis", "Gonorrhea" ]
Ans. (d) Gonorrhea.Note purulent urethral discharge caused by Neisseria gonorrhea.Image source- style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgba(17, 85, 204, 1); font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif">145F315C1813EADACFA.png
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53079
Most common presenting symptom of fibroadenosis is
[ "Pain", "Discharge from nipple", "Non-tender lump in the breast", "Mass" ]
.Tamoxifen used in- * Carcinoma breast * Benign diseases of the breast like fibroadenosis * Infeility in males * Desmoid tumour. Differential diagnosis for carcinoma breast * Fibroadenosis * Traumatic fat necrosis * Tuberculosis of breast * Blood good cyst * Filariasis breast * Mastitis etc. usually ibroadenosis presen...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38658
True about Histone protein:
[ "Ribonucleoprotein", "Present inside the nucleus", "Acidic", "None" ]
B i.e. Present inside the nucleus;
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46019
Drug of choice for MRSA
[ "Penicillin G", "Ceftriaxone", "Vancomycin", "Cefazoline" ]
Methicillin was the first compound developed to combat resistance due to Penicillinase production by staphylococci. MRSA become common nowadays resistant not only to Penicillin but to all other beta-lactam antibiotics. vancomycin is the drug of choice for MRSA. Strains resistant to vancomycin and teicoplanin are still ...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_356
Which of the following causes minimal Poo hepatic compromise
[ "Non selective shunts", "TIPSS", "Distal splenorenal shunt", "Sclerotherapy" ]
Sclerotherapy is used in esophageal varices Endoscopic sclerotherapy controls active hemorrhage in 80% to 90% of patients. The combination of sclerotherapy with somatostatin, octreotide, and vapreotide has been repoed to be superior to sclerotherapy alone in terms of control of bleeding and reduction of treatment failu...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_42416
All are true about Transtracheal Jet ventilation through 14 gauge IV venflon except
[ "High rate", "High Flow", "Can be given through endotracheal tube", "Can be given through cricothyrotomy" ]
Transtracheal jet ventilation (Emergency pathway) Take a wide bore cannula 14-16G and put it between thyroid & cricoid cailage (Cricothyroid membrane) And connect it to 3cc syringe, which is connected to standard endotracheal tube connector Through this standard connector, we give O2 on high flow, high rate ,hence pati...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16674
Which one of the following drugs is not contraindicated in bronchial asthma?
[ "Morphine", "Propanolol", "Stropine", "Nitroglycerine" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38121
A newborn presenting with intestinal obstruction showed on abdominal X-ray, multiple air fluid levels. The diagnosis is not likely to be -
[ "Pyloric obstruction", "Duodenal atresia", "Illeal atresia", "Ladd s bands" ]
Ans- A Question ask -The diagnosis is not likely to be
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8416
The most important factor in arrangement of the teeth:
[ "Mold", "Leverage", "Occlusion", "Occlusal plane" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29732
An investigator concluded that the presence or absence of five factors determines the disease condition. Which of the following would be most appropriate next study to determine if any of these five factors are independent precursors of the disease?
[ "Multiple linear regression analysis", "Multiple logistic regression analysis", "Analysis of variance (ANOVA)", "Kruskal-Wallis Analysis of ranks" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49176
One virus particle prevents multiplication of second virus, this phenomena is:
[ "Viral interference", "Mutation", "Supervision", "Permutation" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Viral interferenceInterference denotes inhibition of growth of one virus in a host cell when it is simultaneously infected with another virus. Interferon is the most important mediator of interference. Auto interference is another type of interference, in which a high multiplicity of infection inhibit...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51036
Adjuvant used in DPT is
[ "Aluminium", "Magnesium", "Manganese", "Silica" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13801
Numerator of Dependency ratio is:
[ "Population >10 years and <65 years", "Population <15 years and >65 years", "Population <10 years- and >60 years", "Population >15 years and >60 years" ]
Ans. (b) Population <15 years and >65 yearsRef: K. Park 23rd ed. / 484* Dependency ratio is the proportion of persons above 65 years of age and children below 15 years of age who are considered to be dependent on economically productive age group (15-64).Dependency Ratio =Persons <15 yrs + > 65 yrs---------------------...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48819
A 2-year-old female child was brought to a PHC with a history of cough and fever for 4 days with inability to drink for last 12 hours. On examination, the child was having weight of 5 kg, and respiratory rate of 45/minute with fever. The child will be classified as suffering from:
[ "Very severe disease", "Severe Pneumonia", "Pneumonia", "No Pneumonia" ]
The child is unable to drink water for 12hrs & weight of the child is 5kg which is less than expected (12kg), which shows severe malnutrition. Inability to drink constitutes a danger sign amongst the clinical manifestations and classifies the pneumonia as very severe disease. Ref: Park's Textbook Of Preventive And Soci...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21104
Drug used in aneliorative test for Myasthenia gravis is
[ "Physostigmine", "Edrophonium", "Tacrine", "Pyridostigmine" ]
Drug used in amellorative test (tensilon test) for myasthena gavis is edrophonium. It is a cholinergic drug and can be used for diagnosis of myasthenia gravis becaise of its sho duration of action (10-30 min) Ref-KDT 6/e p104
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31969
All of the following are manifestations of congenital rubella, EXCEPT:
[ "Deafness", "Cataract", "Cardiac defects", "Hydrocephalus" ]
Damage to the fetus is most likely when maternal infection occurs during the first 2 months of pregnancy, although there is risk associated with infection up to 5 months. The classic triad for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is sensorineural deafness, eye abnormalities--especially retinopathy, cataract and microphtha...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_9518
Ergonomics is also called human factors engineering, and examines ways to adapt the working environment to ensure a safe and productive workplace. Which of the following factors is the most impoant to improve the physical design of a sedentary job?
[ "Maintaining a static position", "Maintaining a standing position", "Installing a soft floor", "Maintaining a static holding position" ]
Static body and holding positions should be avoided. For instance, persons working at a computer terminal should be reminded to do a sho walking task every 20 minutes. Objects can be placed on a suppoing surface instead of handheld. Eliminating the waist motion such that everything needed is within arms reach will redu...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52764
The following increases Intra Ocular pressure:
[ "Thiopentone", "Althesin", "Ketamine", "Barbiturate" ]
Ketamine
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_529
The dose of OPV, given at bih, in case of institutional deliveries is-
[ "Zero dose OPV", "Initial dose", "Primary dose", "First dose" ]
.The dose of OPV, given at bih, in case of institutional deliveries is-zero dose OPV. ref:park&;s textbook,ed 22,pg no 184
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5198
Substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis is seen in
[ "Pyruvate kinase", "Succinate thiokinase", "Enolase", "PDH" ]
Step 9 of Glycolysis i. Phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) is dephosphorylated to pyruvate, by pyruvate kinase. First PEP is made into a transient intermediary of enol pyruvate; which is spontaneously isomerized into keto pyruvate, the stable form of pyruvate. ii. One mole of ATP is generated during this reaction. This is agai...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13147
Most commonly lesioned nerve in intracranial aneurysms is
[ "Optic", "Oculomotor", "Trochlear", "Abducent" ]
Intracranial aneurysm may involve oculomotor, abducent and optic nerve in descending order Trochlear nerve is involvement is higher in head trauma. Ref: Gray's 39e/p-227
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39286
A 3-year-old child presents with only deciduous canine and molars. The child has light fine hair, light complexion and overall appearance of an older person. The findings suggest:
[ "Cleidocranial dysostosis", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Crouzan's disease", "Ectodermal dysplasia" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38914
The following set of findings is seen in Disseminated Intravasular Coagulation (DIC):
[ "Increased fibrinogen, increased antithrombinIII, increased thrombin-antithrombin III complexes", "Increased FDP, decreased PT, increased antithrombin III", "Increased FDP, prolonged PT, increased thrombin-antithrombin complexes", "Increased FDP, prolonged PT, reduced Platelets" ]
Common findings in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) include Prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) and/or Prolonged Paial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), thrombocytopenia, presence of schistocytes and increased levels of fibrin degradation products (FDP). Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 17th Edition, P...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46989
Which of the following enzymic activities would you expect to be decreased in thiamine deficiency?
[ "Pyruvate carboxylase", "Isocitrate dehydrogenase", "Fumarase", "a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase" ]
In the reaction catalyzed by a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, thiamine pyrophosphate, the cofactor form of thiamine, functions as a transient carrier of the five-carbon intermediate produced on decarboxylation of a-ketoglutrate. Biotin is a coenzyme of pyruvate carboxylase. Isocitrate dehydrogenase use NAD+ as co...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48038
While performing embalming, difficulty encountered due to aerial system problem. How should the embalming fluid be introduced to overcome this problem?
[ "Low pressure high velocity", "Low pressure low velocity", "High pressure high velocity", "High pressure low velocity" ]
In jaundice embalming, the use of formaldehyde as the primary preservative initiates a chain of events that causes the unwanted yellow-green color reaction to occur in most cases. In embalming of jaundice cases, the formaldehyde based solutions convers the bilirubin in the body into biliverdin and the colour changes in...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_40334
In acute solid organ Graft vs host disease, which of the following is not seen?
[ "Occurs within 100 days of transplantation", "Skin is the most common organ involved", "Preformed antibodies are involved", "May lead to cholestatic jaundice" ]
Answer- C. Preformed antibodies are involvedPreformed antibodies are involved in hyperacute rejection not in GVHD.Acute GVHD occvs within 100 days (usually 10-50 days) of bone marrow transplantation.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_26021
Most common cause of death in burns patients is
[ "Septic shock", "Cardiac arrest", "Hypovolemic shock", "Asphyxia" ]
Septic shock is most common cause of death. Asphyxia is MCC death in immediate phase of burns.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_10030
Cabot's ring is seen in -
[ "Megaloblastic anemia", "Sickle cell disease", "Iron deficiency anemia", "Autoimmune anemia" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Megaloblastic anemia o Cabot rings are seen most commonly in megaloblastic anemia, followed by lead poisoning.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35353
MacEwen sign is seen in:
[ "Hydrocephalus", "Encephalitis", "Meningitis", "Microcephaly" ]
a. Hydrocephalus(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2814, Ghai 8/e p 574)In Hydrocephalus, percussion of the skull might produce a cracked pot sound or MacEwen sign, indicating separation of the sutures.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_10880
A 35 year old patient complains of abdominal cramps along with profuse diarrhea. The treating physician wants to process the stool specimen for isolation of Campylobacter jejuni. Which of the following is the method of choice for the culture of stool -
[ "Culture on TCBS medium incubated at 37°C under aerobic conditions", "Culture on Skirrow's medium incubated at 42°C under micro-aerophilic conditions.", "Culture on MacConkey's medium incubated at 42°C under anaerobic contions", "Culture on Wilson and Blair's medium incubated at 37° under microaerophilic cond...
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_990
Ureter develops from which of the following
[ "Pronephros", "Mesonephros", "Metanephros", "Mesonephric duct" ]
Ref. Gray’s anatomy.  41st edition. Page. 1253   FIrst, don't get carried away by option 2. We have a more specific answer option 4. Look at the below for verification  The Pronephros Is the cranialmost set of tubes, which mostly regress The mesonephros Is located along the midsection of the embryo and develops into...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32351
Which of the following is the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid synthesis?
[ "microsomal 7-a hydroxylase", "mitochondrial 7-a hydroxylase", "microsomal 17-a hydroxylase", "mitochondrial 17-a hydroxylase" ]
microsomal 7-a hydroxylaseis rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid synthesis The first intermediate in the synthesis of bile acids is 7a-hydroxycholesterol It is catalyzed by the enzyme 7a-hydroxylase, a microsomal CYP450 enzyme, which requires NADPH, oxygen, and vitamin C as co-factors.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_6958
ICDS scheme does not include –
[ "Children in the age group of 0–6 years", "Primary school children", "Pregnant women", "Lactating women" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46982
Stimulation of posterior semicircular canal produces -
[ "Horizontal nystagmus", "Vertical nystagmus", "Rotatory nystagmus", "None of the above" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_3119
Population explosion is defined as population growth rate of more than_______ per year.
[ "2", "1.75", "1.8", "1.5" ]
Ans. a (2.0) (Ref. Park PSM 22nd/pg. 443)Relation between growth rate and population:RatingAnnual rate of growth %Number of years required for the population to double in sizeStationary populationNo growth Slow growthLess than 0.5More than 139Moderate growth0.5 to 1.0139-70Rapid growth1.0 to 1.570-47Very rapid growth1....
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2239
lntra epidermal IgG deposition is seen in:
[ "Pemphigus", "Bullous pemphigoid", "Herpes genitalis", "Dermatitis herpetiformis" ]
Ans: A (Pemphigus) Ref: Rook, 7th ed. pg. 414, Table 41.3, 41.6 Pemphigus is an immune bullous disorder, characterized by IgG deposition in intercellular area of epidermis. Herpes genitalis is also characterized by intra epidermal blisters, but it is not an immunobullous disorder and not associated with any immune comp...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44264
HNF- 1b gene defect is seen in?
[ "MODY2", "MODY3", "MODY4", "MODY5" ]
HNF- 1b gene is involved in pathogenesis of MODY5. HNF- 1a gene is involved in pathogenesis of MODY 3. Most common type of MODY is MODY 3.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13524
On USG finding of cystic hygroma in fetus is suggestive of
[ "Down's syndrome", "Marphan's syndrome", "Turner's syndrome", "Klinfelter's syndrome" ]
C i.e. Turner's Syndrome
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54569
Hepatic infarcts are seen in -
[ "Eclampsia", "Chronic venous congestion", "Budd-Chian syndrome", "All" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Eclampsia; 'b' i.e., Chronic venous congestion; 'c' i.e., Budd-chiari syndromeHepatic infarcts are seen in following conditions :o Embolism o Neoplasia o Sepsiso DIC o Eclampsiao Compression of hepatic aery o PANo Poal vein obstructon and thrombosis e.g. Budd chiary syndrome.o Passive congestion assoc...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_45465
Which of the following protein inhibits heme loss from plasma?
[ "Ferritin", "Hemopexin", "Ceruloplasmin", "Hemosiderin" ]
Hemopexin Binds to porphyrins, paicularly heme for heme recycling which prevent heme loss from plasmaFerritin is an intracellular protein that stores and releases iron Ferritin molecules in lysosomal membranes may aggregate in deposits that contain as much as 50% iron. These deposits are called hemosiderin. Ceruloplasm...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48273
An 8 years old child is having sore throat with grey-white membrane in throat. Throat swab culture is showing following growth. The causative organism is-
[ "Streptococcus pyogenes", "H. influenzae", "Corynebacterium", "None" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Corynebacterium * Grey-white membrane in throat and block colonies on tellurite agar suggest the diagnosis of Diphtheria, caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34141
All of the following are true about action of ADH, except:
[ "Post-operative increase in secreation", "Secreted neurosecreation", "Increased secretion when plasma osmolality is low", "Act on distal convoluted tuble and increase permeability" ]
Ans. c. Increased secretion when plasma osmolality is low
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_19612
Stability of ankle joint is maintained by the following except
[ "Cruciate ligaments", "Collateral ligaments", "Tendons of muscles attached", "Close approximation of articular surfaces" ]
Cruciate ligaments does not give stability to ankle joint. Ankle joint stability is provided by -        Close articulation of tibia, fibula and talus. -        Collateral ligaments- Lateral collateral ligament, medial collateral ligament (Deltoid ligament), syndesmotic ligament. -        Tendons crossing the joint Fi...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_45074
Thiamine deficiency causes decreased energyproduction because
[ "It is required for the process of transamination", "It is co-factor in oxidative reduction", "It is co-enzyme for transketolase in pentose phosphate pathway", "It is co-enzyme for pyruvate dehydrogenase" ]
It is co-enzyme for pyruvate dehydrogenase Thiamine has a central role in energy-yielding metabolism and especially the metabolism of carbohydrates. Thiamine diphosphate is the coenzyme for: A) 3 multi-enzyme complexes that catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation reactions. - pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (catalyzes oxida...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7728
Inferior rib notching is seen in all except
[ "Aortic thrombosis", "Taussing Blalock operation", "Pulmonary atresia", "Marfan's syndrome" ]
Superior rib notching is seen in Marfan's syndrome.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7374
All of the following amino acids are one-carbon donors, EXCEPT
[ "Glycine", "Serine", "Histidine", "Threonine" ]
Sources of one-carbon groups: Serine to glycine (Serine hydroxymethyl transferase reaction) is the primary contributor for methylene THFA. Glycine cleavage system produces methylene groups is the glycine cleavage system Histidine contributes to N5-formimino THFA through FIGLU Tryptophan donates formyl-THFA Choline and ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39013
The principle supports of the uterus are:
[ "The iliosacral ligaments", "The pyriformis muscle", "The transverse cervical ligaments", "The infundibular ligaments" ]
Ans. C. The transverse cervical ligaments* The principle supports of the uterus are the transverse cervical ligaments (cardinal ligaments), uterosacral ligaments and the round ligament.* The infundibular ligaments attach the ovaries to the posteo-lateral wall of the uterus.* The pyriformis muscle lines the lateral wall...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49915
Which of the following is not estrogen dependant carcinoma
[ "Lobular carcinoma breast", "Follicular thyroid carcinoma", "Endomtrial leiomyosarcoma", "Carcinoma prostrate" ]
Refer Robbins page no 1095
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_36903
Coronary steal phenomenon is caused by which drug ?
[ "Disopyramide", "Verapamil", "Nitroglycerine", "Dipyridamol" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_27026
What is the COMMONEST cause of primary amenorrhea with ambiguous genitalia in a female with 46XX chromosome?
[ "21 hydroxylase def", "17 hydroxylase def", "11 hydroxylase def", "Desmolase hydrolase def" ]
21 hydroxylase deficiency is the most common cause of androgenization in chromosomal 46 XX females. In this condition there is a block in the synthesis of glucocoicoid and mineralocoicoid and increase in the level of 17 hydroxyprogesterone. Increased androgen synthesis in utero causes androgenization of the female fetu...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51831
Which of the following complement component can be activated in both common as well as alternative pathways?
[ "C1", "C2", "C3", "C4" ]
The complement proteins can be activated by 3 pathways; classical, lectin and alternate pathways. Terminal pathway is common to the first three pathways and is present at the level of post activation stage of C3. It eventually leads to the membrane attack complex that lyses cells. C3 is the first common complement prot...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47822
Which of the following muscle does not have the dual nerve supply?
[ "Flexor Policis Brevis", "Abductor Policis Brevis", "Flexor digitorum profundus", "Pectoralis major" ]
Muscles with dual blood supply:Flexor Policies Brevis: superficial head by median and deep by UlnarFlexor digitorum profundus: Lateral half by Median and Medial Half by UlnarPectoralis major by Medial and Lateral Pectoral Nerve
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13995
One of the following is known as Tuberculin Conversion Index
[ "Incidence of disease", "Prevalence of infection", "Incidence of infection", "Prevalence of disease" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_10513
The nitrogen of the body is supplied by:
[ "Triacyl glycerol", "Proteins", "Glucose", "Lipids" ]
Proteins are polymers of amino acid. Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen as the major components. Nitrogen is characteristic of protein. On an average, the nitrogen content of ordinary proteins is 16% by weight.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32704
A 2-day-old male infant is hospitalized in the intensive care unit with acute respiratory distress. Radiographic examination reveals that the patient has anuria, oligohydramnios, and hypoplastic lungs. Facial characteristics are consistent with Potter syndrome. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for ...
[ "Multicystic dysplastic kidney", "Polycystic kidney", "Renal agenesis", "Wilms tumor" ]
Potter sequence, or Potter syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive trait and is associated with renal agenesis or hypoplasia. Altered facial characteristics include flattened nasal bridge, mandibular micrognathia, malformed low-set ears, etc. Absence or lack of proper development of the kidneys causes oligohydramnios, ...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14960
Perilymph contains:
[ "Na+", "K+", "Mg++", "Cl-" ]
(a) Na+(Ref. Shambaugh, 6th ed., page 79)Perilymph is the fluid which fills the bony labyrinth.Perilymph is actually an extension of CSF which enters from the subarachnoid space into the scala tympani through Cochlear aqueduct.CSF being an extracellular fluid therefore perilymph is rich in Na+.Endolymph filling the mem...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50161
Amaurotic cat's eye reflex is a presenting feature of ?
[ "Retinoblastoma", "Congenital cataract", "Endophthalmitis", "Coat's disease" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Retinoblastoma Leukocoria or amauratic cat's eye reflexthis is the most common manifestation of retinoblastoma. The leukocoria or the white glow in the pupil is caused by reflection of light from the white intraocular tumor Note- Leukocoria is seen in all the given options. But, term `amauratic cat ev...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_36234
Tricyclic antidepressants have all of the following actions except -
[ "Anticholinergic action", "MAO inhibition", "Block 5-HT or NE reuptake", "Causes sedation" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., MAO inhibition o Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAS) are either NA + 5HT reuptake inhibitors (e.g. - Imipramine, Amitriptyline) or predominantly NA reuptake inhibitors (e.g. Desipramine, nortriptyline),o TCAs are not MAO inhibitors.o Adverse effects of TCFs are : anticholinergic side effects, sedation, m...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14009
A 58 year old woman, who had backache and recurrent chest infections for 6 months, develops sudden. weakness of the legs and urinary retention. Her investigations show a hemoglobin of 7.3 gm/ dl, serum calcium 12.6 mg/dl, phosphate-2.5 mg/ dl, alkaline phosphatase-100u/I, serum albumin-3 gm/dl, globulin - 7.1 gin/dl an...
[ "Lung cancer", "Disseminated tuberculosis", "Multiple myeloma", "Osteoporosis" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30564
Which of the following part is NOT included in hypopharynx?
[ "Pyriform sinus", "Post cricoid region", "Anterior pharyngeal wall", "Posterior pharyngeal wall" ]
Clinically, hypopharynx is subdivided into three regions :- The pyrifornt sinus Post-cricoid region The posterior pharyngeal wall
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_27539
All of the following drugs have been used for medical aboion except :
[ "Mifepristone", "Misoprostol", "Methotrexate", "Atosiban" ]
Ans. is d i.e. Atosiban Drugs used for Medical aboion : Prostaglandins : - Misoprostol - Gemeprost Mifepristone Methotrexate Tamoxifen
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54005
In starvation activities of all of the following enzymes is increased Except
[ "Pyruvate carboxylase", "Pyruvate kinase", "PEP carboxykinase", "Glucose 6 phosphatase" ]
In the starvation activity of all enzymes responsible for gluconeogenesis are increased.Pyruvate kinase is the enzyme of glycolysis. The activity of enzymes of glycolysis is suppressed in starvation. So pyruvate kinase activity is suppressed in starvation.All other enzymes given in this question are gluconeogenic enzym...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_19388
Antenatal double bubble appearance on ultrasound is due to -
[ "Diaphragmatic hernia", "Duodenal atresia", "Gastric volvulus", "Intussusception" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49246
A 26 year old male with recent history of unprotected sexual intercourse comes to opd with complaints of painless, indurated ulcer over the glans which exuded clear serum. Bilateral painless inguinal lymphadenopathy is also present. The most appropriate diagnostic test is:
[ "Gram stain of ulcer discharge", "ELISA for HIV infection", "Dark ground microscopy of ulcer discharge", "Giemsa stain of lymph node aspirate" ]
History of sexual intercourse, painless and hard ulcer (chancre) and painless inguinal lymphadenopathy is suggestive of primary syphilis. Dark ground examination is done to demonstrate spirochetes.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32279
Pansystolic murmur at apex with soft first hea sound is the key sign of which one of the following ?
[ "Aoic regurgitation", "Mitral regurgitation", "Ventricular septal defect", "Atrial septal defect" ]
MR : The regurgitant jet causes an apical systolic murmer.Pansystolic murmer with thrill, soft S1 AR: Early diastolic murmer ASD: Systolic flow murmer over pulmonary valve, diastolic flow murmer over tricuspid valve, wide fixed splitting of S2. VSD: Pansystolic murmer usually heated best at the left eternal edge Ref: H...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39090
Peripheral resistance of arteries measures:
[ "Systolic pressure", "Diastolic pressure", "Mean pressure", "Pulse pressure" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_9246
A 14-year-old boy present with headache, fever, and cough for 2 days. Sputum is scant and non-purulent and gram stain reveals many white cells but no organisms. The treatment should be initiated with :
[ "Cefazolin", "Erythromycin", "Amikacin", "Trovafloxacin" ]
null
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_12691
A young lady presented with bilateral nodular lesions on shins. She was also found to have bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on chest X-ray. Mantoux test reveals indurations of 5 mms. A skin biopsy would reveal -
[ "Non caseating Granuloma", "Vasculitis", "Caseating Granuloma", "Malignant cells" ]
Skin lesions in this patient is Erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy negative Mantoux test is strongly suggestive of sarcoidosis. Skin biopsy (or biopsy from hilar nodes, conjunctiva, lip, or spleen, intraabdominal nodes) would reveal non-caseating granulomas. Signs and symptoms of sarc...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7544
A child presents with presents with proteinuria and gross hematuria. On examination child has sensorineural deafness, anterior lenticonus . what is the inheritance of this condition?
[ "X - linked inheritance", "Autosomal dominant inheritance", "Autosomal recessive inheritance", "All of the above" ]
The given Clinical condition is Alport syndrome. X - linked (80%). Autosomal recessive (15%). Autosomal dominant (5%).
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2154
Main blood supply to the head and neck of femur comes from
[ "Lateral circumflex femoral Aery", "Medial circumflex femoral Aery", "Aery of Ligamentum Teres", "Popliteal Aery" ]
Main blood supply to the head of the femur in adults is the lateral ascending cervical or retinacular & epiphyseal branches of the medial circumflex femoral aery. It also receives supply from lateral circumflex femoral aery & branch of obturator aery. Ref: BD Chaurasia, Volume 2 , 6Th edition, page no: 69
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_48864
Dopamine all of the following is true Except?
[ "Causes increase in GI Isehemia", "Positive ionotropic", "Improves renal perfusion", "Causes Vasoconstriction" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Causes increase in GI Ischemia o Dopamine acts on dopamine (Di & D2) and adrenergic (a1 + a2 + [31) receptors, with no action on p, receptors. o At lowest effective dose it stimulates D1 receptors in renal & mesentric blood vessels --> improves renal and mesentric perfusion. o At moderately high doses...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51779
In run-over accidents the following type of laceration is commonly seen:
[ "Split", "Cut", "Avulsion", "Stretch" ]
In run over accidents, avulsion is seen AVULSION : - It is produced by shearing force delivered at tangential angle to tear off a poion of traumatized skin surface from their attachment. - In run over accidents, avulsion / flaying/ flapping is seen in which flap laid tells us about the direction of force. Split lacerat...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35881
Proximal umbilical artery forms:
[ "Superior vesical artery", "Median umbilical fold", "Lateral umbilical fold", "Ligamentum teres" ]
Ans. A Superior vesical arteryRef: Netter's Atlas of Human Embryology, 2012 ed. pg. 86Structure nameDerivativeObliterated umbilical arteryMedial umbilical ligamentProximal part of umbilical arterySuperior vesical arteryInferior epigastric arteryLateral umbilical foldLeft umbilical veinLigamentum teresRight umbilical ve...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_357
All of the following are true about this brain tumor except:
[ "Most common intracranial, extra-axial dural-based neoplasm", "Associated with spasticity & lower limb weakness, sensory deficit and sphincter dysfunction of bladder", "Calcification is seen in 60-65% cases", "Simpson grading system is used for resection" ]
Meningioma (showing dural tail) Mostly occur along the superior sagittal sinus Most common intracranial, extra-axial dural-based neoplasm Associated with spasticity & lower limb weakness, sensory deficit and sphincter dysfunction of bladder Calcification is seen in 20-25% cases Simpson grading system is used for mening...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43784
Prions disease all are true except aEUR'
[ "They are caused by infectious proteins", "Biopsy of brain diagnostic", "Neurodegenrative desease", "Myoclonus found only in 10% cases" ]
Myoclonus found only in 10% cases Prions are infectious proteins that cause degeneration of the central nervous system They are infectious paicles that lack nucleic acid Prions are composed largely, if not entirely of PrP molecules
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52924
If a patient with a suspected fracture of the pelvis has some bleeding from the urethra and is unable to pass urine -
[ "He should be encouraged to pass urine after being given antibiotics and analgesics", "He should be immediately catheterized in the ward", "A hot water bottle should be given followed by injection of corbachol", "He should be prepared for surgery and catheterization attempted in the 0.T" ]
The urethral injury is common with pelvic fracture and an inability to void and blood at the external meatus are the classical signs of urethral rupture. No attempt should be made to pass a catheter, as this could convert a partial to a complete tear of the urethra. If the urethral injury is suspected, this can be diag...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50834
An isograft is one that is transferred
[ "In the same individual", "Between monozygotic twins", "From I belonging to blood group A and other to blood group B", "From animal to human when the organ involved is identical" ]
Graft: It is transfer of tissue from one area to other without its blood supply or nerve supply. Autograft: It is tissue transferred from one location to another on the same patient. Isograft: It is tissue transfer between two genetically identical individuals, i.e. between two identical twins. Allograft: It is tissue ...
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_39184
A patient in regular rhythm presents with absent P waves on ECG Leads II, III and AVF reveal a Saw-Tooth pattern. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis
[ "Atrial Fibrillation", "Atrial Flutter with Variable Block", "Atrial Flutter with Fixed Block", "Multifocal Atrial Tachecardia" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Atrial Flutter with Fixed Block The absence of any discernible P waves on ECG together with the presence of Saw Tooth Flutter wave in inferior leads (Leads II, III and AVF) strongly suggests a diagnosis of Atrial Flutter. The presence of a regular rhythm suggests a Fixed Block. Atrial flutter is chara...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2468
Most common benign tumour of the oesophagus is:
[ "Lipoma", "Hamartoma", "Leiomyoma", "Hemangioma" ]
BENIGN TUMORS OF ESOPHAGUS Usually mesenchymal in origin. Arise within the esophageal wall. Types of benign tumors: Leiomyomas - Most common. Fibromas Lipomas Hemangiomas Neurofibromas Lymphangiomas.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31993
The best possible intervention for acute myocardial infarction is -
[ "Streptokinase", "Streptokinase and aspirin", "Early primary coronary intervention", "Streptokinase and heparin" ]
Ref : harrisons-manual-of-medicine-16th-edition pg no: 622-624 TREATMENT Initial Therapy Initial goals are to: (1) quickly identify if patient is candidate for reperfusion therapy, (2) relieve pain, and (3) prevent/treat arrhythmias and mechanical complications. * Aspirin should be administered immediately (162-325 mg ...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14211
Fronto-nasal duct opens into:
[ "Inferior meatus", "Middle meatus", "Superior meatus", "Inferior turbinate" ]
The Frontal sinus opens in the middle meatus through a duct known as fronto-nasal duct or frontal recess.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2859
Adult respiratory distress syndrome is defined by all except:
[ "PCWP > 18 mmHg", "PaO2/FiO2 < 200", "Diffuse bilateral air space edema on Chest X-Ray", "All of the above" ]
Diagnostic Criteria Acute Lung Injury (ALI) ARDS PaO2/FiO2 </= 300 mmHg </= 200 mmHg Onset Acute Acute Chest X-Ray Bilateral alveolar or interstitial infiltrates Bilateral alveolar or interstitial infiltrates Absence of Left Atrial Hypeension PCWP </= 18 mmHg No Clinical evidence of increased left atrial pressure PCWP ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30259
Which personality disorder of DSM-IV is not classified as PD & is placed with schizophrenia in ICD 10 -
[ "Schizoid", "Paranoid", "Narcissistic", "Schizotypal" ]
A schizotypal personality disorder is classified in cluster 'A' in DSM-IV-TR classification. In ICD- 10 classification schizotypal disorder is classified with schizophrenia and related disorder.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33861
All are true about gastric Ca Except
[ "H-pylori association is present", "D2 gastrectomy include total gatrectomy", "Surgical non curatice lesion should not be resected", "Pt under total gastrectomy should be given vit B 12" ]
The incidence of proximal gastric cancer is increasing. Carcinoma proximal stomach is not associated with H. pylori infection unlike cancers of body and distal stomach. Management of gastric carcinoma * Early growth in pylorus - Lower radical gastrectomy with the removal of tumour, proximal 5 cm clearance, nodal cleara...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13239
Actin is made of:
[ "Polymerization of G actin", "Myosin", "F actine", "All" ]
Actin is made of polymerization of monomeric G proteins
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16198
Which of the following type of cell is responsible for stimulating cell mediated immunity?
[ "TH1", "TH2", "NK cells", "Null cells" ]
T cells make up 70-80% of the the circulating lymphocytes and are primarily responsible for immunity to intracellular viruses, tumor cells and fungi. They are of 2 types cytotoxic and helper cells. Helper T cells are involved in the regulation of cell mediated immunity and humoral antibody response. Two subsets of them...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_15290
Structure passing along the aoa in the diaphragmatic opening :
[ "Thoracic duct", "Sympathetic duct", "Greater splanchnic nerve", "Lesser splanchnic nerve" ]
A. i.e. Thoracic duct
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50160
Most common cause of death in ADPKD
[ "Renal failure", "Ruptured berry aneurysm", "Cardiovascular disease", "Sepsis" ]
Hypertensive or coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death in ADPKD.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_40269
Virus grow well on
[ "Cell culture", "Agar Agar", "Cell free media", "Tissue Culture" ]
Ans. a (Cell culture). (Ref. Anantanarayan, Microbiology, 6th/pg.406)CULTIVATION OF VIRUSES:Three methods are employed for cultivation of viruses:# Innoculation in animals# Embryonated eggs# Tissue culture:- Organ culture (useful for isolation of some viruses only, that appear highly specific parasite of certain organs...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48964
Which of the following drug if given along with serotonergic drugs can lead to Serotonin syndrome ?
[ "Buspirone", "Fluoxetine", "Penfluridol", "Clozapine" ]
Co - prescription of serotonergic drugs with other serotonergic agents especially MAOIs can lead to serotonin syndrome. It is characterised by classic triad of mental status changes, neuromuscular abnormalities and autonomic hyperactivity. These include anxiety, agitation, confusion, clonus, hyperreflexia, myoclonus, r...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_40049
A 50-year-old male smoker is evaluated for chronic shoness of breath. On physical examination his vital signs are: pulse 110 bpm; temperature normal; respirations 30/min with use of accessory muscles and pursed-lip breathing; blood pressure 110/78 mm Hg. Other peinent findings are: hea exam: apex beat (impulse) is medi...
[ "Bronchial asthma with status asthmaticus", "Emphysema", "Chronic bronchitis", "Tuberous sclerosis" ]
These x-rays show a marked degree of hyperinflation depicted radiographically by increased lung volume with flattened diaphragm and widened interspaces. Attenuation of the pulmonary vasculature in the peripheral lung zones, especially in the lower zones, is seen.These x-ray are consistent with severe emphysema. The low...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2095
Digital radiography requires less radiation than conventional radiography because:
[ "The sensor is larger.", "The sensor is more sensitive to x-rays.", "The exposure time is increased.", "All of the above." ]
Digital radiography utilizes sensor which is more sensitive to X-rays than conventional film.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22710
Decreased osmotic fragility is not seen in which of the following conditions?
[ "Thalassemia", "Hereditary spherocytosis", "Sickle cell anemia", "Iron deficiency" ]
- Hereditary spherocytosis is associated with increased osmotic fragility because RBCs are spherical & unstable d/t defect in their cytoskeleton. Osmotic fragility curves of normal and hereditary spherocytosis red blood cells.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20114
A 40 year old patient has undergone an open chlecystectomy. The procedure was reported as uneventful by the operating surgeon. She has 100 ml of bile output from the drain kept in the gallbladder bed on the first post operative day. On examination she is afebrile and anicteric. The abdomen is soft and bowel sounds are ...
[ "Order an urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and biliary stenting", "Urgent laparotomy", "Order an urgent hepatic iminodiacetic acid scintigraphy (HIDA)", "Clinical observation" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e. Clinical observation 100 ml. of Bile output from the patient on the 1st postop. day without any other abnormality is of no clinical significance, so does not warrant any action from the surgeon. But remember if passing of 100 ml of bile continues for 5-6 days then it is considered abnormal. It denotes ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50676
Elective dental extractions on a patient who has had a myocardial infarct two months prior are best:
[ "Performed under oral valcum sedation", "Performed using an epinephrine free local anesthetic", "Performed using both of the above", "Postponed until at least six months have elapsed" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_42259
Example of active transpo ?
[ "Movement of water across cell membrane", "Movement of oxygen across cell membrane", "Cotranspo of amino-acids with Na+", "None of the above" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cotranspo of amino-acids with Na+
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28853
A drug lacking vasodilatory properties that is effective in angina is:
[ "Isosorbide dinitrate", "Metoprolol", "Nifedipine", "Verapamil" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24034
All of the following are mechanisms of action of emergency contraception, EXCEPT:
[ "Delaying ovulation", "Inhibiting feilization", "Interrupting early pregnancy", "Preventing implantation of feilized egg" ]
Mechanism of action of emergency contraception or post coital contraception includes : prevention or producing a delay of ovulation by taking the drug in the beginning of cycle, interfering with the process of feilization, prevention of implantation by rendering the endometrium unorable and by interfering with the func...
C
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