dataset
string
id
string
question
string
choices
list
rationale
string
answer
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subject
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medmcqa
medmcqa_9865
The end product of one stage fermentation is
[ "Formic acid", "Pyruvate", "Lactate", "Ethanol" ]
All other guides have given ethanol as the answer to this question. Which is incorrect. One stage fermentation here means fermentation of pyruvate in one stage. When pyruvate is formed, it can have several fates. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the TCA cycle after conversion into acetyl CoA by PDH. There are ...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1625
It is true regarding Endemic typhus that:
[ "Man is the only reservoir of infection", "Flea is a vector of the disease", "The rash developing into eschar is a characteristic presentation", "Culture of the etiological agent in tissue culture is a diagnostic modality." ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Flea is a vector of the disease [Ref: Park, 18/e, p 240; CMDT, 2006, /? 73937Endemic or Murine typhus is a rickettsial disease caused by Rickettsia typhi. Rats are the reservoirs of infection and rat fleas are the vectors which transmit the pathogen from rat to rat and rat to man.The transmission of pa...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20682
Most common antibody in autoimmune hepatitis is
[ "u1RNP", "Anti-5m", "ANA", "Anti-LKM" ]
Autoimmune hepatitis Indistinguishable from chronic viral hepatitis. Responds to immunosuppressive therapy Female predominance(70%) Absence of serogical evidence of viral infection Presence of other forms of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid ahritis, thyroiditis, sjogren syndrome and ulcerative colitis. Most patients...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_9869
Mammographic abnormality seen in CA breast is :
[ "Change in density", "Clusters of Micro calcification", "Change in architecture", "All" ]
Mammographic features of breast carcinoma : Irregular spiculated margin. Architectural distortion. High density lesion. Microcalcification.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48120
Factitious hyperinsulinemia is differentiated from insulinoma by -
[ "C - peptides", "Insulin antibodies", "Serum glucose levels", "Hypernatremia and hypokalemia" ]
Factitious hypoglycemia is the intentional attempt to induce low blood glucose levels . Factitious hypoglycemia results from exogenous self-administration of insulin or insulin secretagogues medications (e.g., sulfonylureas, meglitinides). Note that insulin-sensitizing drugs like metformin, do not cause hypoglycemia . ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32869
Exchange of trace evidence occurs, When a person comes in contact with other person . This principle is called?
[ "Locard's principle", "Quetelet's rule", "Petty's principle", "None of the above" ]
Locard's principle of Exchange  It States that " When two objects come into contact with each other, there is always transfer of some material between them". This is helpful in crime investigations, especially in sexual offences.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46208
All of the following are used in the initial management of acute life threatening cardiogenic pulmonary edema, except:
[ "Digoxin", "Morphine", "Furosemide", "Positive Pressure Ventilation" ]
Answer is A (Digoxin) Digoxin has no definitive role in the management of Acute Pulmonary Edema `Digitalis is not the initial drug of choice for management of patients with acute severe pulmonary edema (severe hea failure) because of its mild inotropic effect and because of the delay in time to peak action. It should n...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21876
Mechanism of action of actinomycin D is ?
[ "Inhibits DNA dependent RNA synthesis", "Activates DNA dependent RNA synthesis", "Inhibits RNA dependent DNA synthesis", "Activates RNA dependent DNA synthesis" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Inhibits DNA dependent RNA synthesis The anticancer antibiotics are Actinomycin - D (Dactinomycin) Daunorubicin (Rubidomycin) Mitomycin C Doxorubicin Mitoxantrone Mithramycin (plicamycin) Bleomycins These anticancer, antibiotics obtained from micro-organisms and have prominent antitumour activity. Mec...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32047
Gonioscopy is used to study
[ "Ant. Chamber", "Post chamber", "Angle of anterior chamber", "Retina" ]
C i.e. Angle of anterior chamber Gonioscopy is examination of angle of anterior chamber Q.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33544
The morphological pattern of inflammation shown here is:
[ "Serous", "Fibrinous", "Purulent", "Chronic" ]
Serous inflammation is marked by the exudation of cell poor fluid into spaces created by injury to surface epithelia into body cavities lined by the peritoneum, pleura, or pericardium. Typically, the fluid in serous inflammation is not infected by destructive organisms and does not contain large numbers of leukocytes. ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44973
Scleritis is commonly seen with
[ "Reiter s syndrome", "Rheumatoid arthritis", "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Wegners syndrome" ]
Ans. (b) Rheumatoid arthritisRef: A.K. Khurana 6th ed. /141, Khurana 4th ed./129* Scleritis is chronic inflammation of the sclera. Most commonly seen in elderly females (40-70 years).* Scleritis is associated with autoimmune collagen disorders, most commonly with rheumatoid arthritis.* Other causes can be PAN, SLE, ank...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8825
Post operative abscess treatment of choice
[ "Hydration", "IV antibiotics", "Image guided aspiration", "Reexploration" ]
Localised infection An abscess may present with persistent abdominal pain, focal tenderness and a spiking fever. The patient may have a prolonged ileus. If the abscess is deep-seated these symptoms may be absent. The patient will have a neutrophilic leucocytosis and may have positive blood cultures. An ultrasound or CT...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17564
All are true about Neisseria gonorrhoeae except -
[ "Gram positive cocci", "Cause stricture of urethra", "Involves seminal vesicles and spreads to epididymis", "Drug of choice is ceftriaxone" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51458
Which of the following is the drug of choice for Non-Gonococcal Urethritis?
[ "Ceftriaxone", "Ciprofloxacin", "Doxycycline", "Minocycline" ]
Non gonococcal urethritis is most commonly caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and ureaplasma urealyticum. Tetracycline is the drug of choice. Doxycycliine can be used as an alternative. Erythromycin can be used in case of tetracycline resistance. Less common causes include staphylococcus aureus, gam negative rods, candida...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28342
SIADH is caused by all EXCEPT :
[ "Vincristine", "Vinblastine", "Actinomycin D", "Cyclophosphamide" ]
Drugs causing syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) secretion
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_11749
Most common site for squamous cell carcinoma esophagus is:
[ "Upper third", "Middle third", "Lower third", "Gastro-esophageal junction" ]
Answer is B (Middle 1/3rd) The most common site of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus is middle 1/3rd. Site of squamous cell carcinoma Percentage of total Upper 1/3rd 20% Middle 1/3rd 50% Lower 1/3rd 30%
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52124
Vaccine is NOT available against which serotype of Neisseria meningitidis?
[ "A", "B", "C", "Y" ]
Bivalent (groups A and C) or tetravalent (against groups A, C, Y and W-135) vaccines are available for protection against meningococcal meningitis. Ref: Park 21st edition, page 151.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21053
Which is not an endogenous catecholamines?
[ "Dopamine", "Dobutamine", "Adrenaline", "Noradrenaline" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29995
hypnopompic hallucination is
[ "If experienced while falling asleep", "If experienced while awakening", "After head trauma", "After convulsion" ]
HPNOPOMPIC HALLUCINATION Hallucination while the person wakes up from sleep * NARCOLEPSY * Cataplexy ( loss of muscle tone) * Hynogogic hallucination * Hynopompic hallucination * Sleep paralysis * Excessive day time sleepiness * Strong emotions can trigger cataplexy * ETIOLOGY======HYPOCRETIN DEFICIENCY in LATERAL HPOT...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43231
In which of the following a 'Coeur en Sabot' shape off the heart is seen –
[ "Tricuspid atresia", "Ventricular septal defect", "Transposition of great arteries", "Tetralogy of fallot" ]
Boot shaped heart (coeur en sabot) is seen in TOE
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46688
In type I hypersensitivity, the mediators is
[ "IgE", "IgG", "IgM", "IgC" ]
(IgE) (161-AN 7th) (202-206-CP)Types of hypersensitivity reactions and their featuresType of reactionClinical syndromeMediatorsType I: IgE1. Anaphylaxis2. Atopy P. K. reactionIgE, histamine and other pharmacological agentsType II: Cytolytic and CytotoxicAntibody-mediated damage- thrombocytopenia-agranulocytosis, hemoly...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2378
Pulmonary artery pressure is-
[ "120/80 mm Hg", "25/0 mm Hg", "25/8 mm Hg", "120/0 mm Hg" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 25/8 mm Hg Pressures in various portions of CVSo Right ventricle-25/0 mm Hg (systolic/diastolic)o Left ventricle-120/0 mm Hgo Right atrium-2 mm Hgo Left atrium-5mmHgo Aorta-120/80 mm Hgo Pulmonary artery-25/8 mm Hg
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_25371
Nucleus of oculomotor nerve is in
[ "Midbrain", "Pons", "Medulla", "Thalamus" ]
The oculomotor nucleus is located in the central grey matter of midbrain at the level of superior colliculus. The oculomotor nucleus is in the ventromedial pa. The Edinger - Westphal nucleus (visceral oculomotor nucleus) is located dorsal to the rostral two-thirds of main oculomotor nucleus. (Ref: Vishram Singh textboo...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47302
All are true about SALK vaccine except-
[ "OPV cannot be given as booster dose", "Injections during epidemic can cause paralysis", "Induces circulating antibody but no local immunity", "Does not prevent multiplication of wild virus in gut" ]
- salk polio vaccine is inactivated polio vaccine. - induce humoral immunity but not intestinal or local immunity. - for community, it does not offer protection because wild virus can still multiply in gut and be a source of iinfection to others. - not suitable for an epidemic. - one or two doses of OPV can be given sa...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33919
Superior cerebellar peduncle contains mainly which tract ?
[ "Tectocerebellar", "Olivocerebellar", "Vestibulo cerebellar", "Reticulo cerebellar" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., TectocerebellarSuperior cerebellar peduncle This is the major output of the brain and connects to the midbrain, the cerebellothalamic tract (to the thalamus), and the cerebellorubral tract (to the red nucleus). It receives afferents from the locus coeruleus, and ventral spinocerebellar tract.Middle ce...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44535
Which among the following is not an RNA virus?
[ "Hepatits A", "Hepatitis B", "Hepatitis C", "Hepatitis D" ]
Ans: b (hepatitis B) Ref:Ananthanarayan, 7 p. 547Among the hepatitis virus only DNA virus is hepatitis B virus (Hepadna virus). Just go through theFeatureHAVHBVHCVHDVHEVAgentSSRNA icosahedral,capsid unenvelopedDSRNAComplex structure envelopedSSRNA envelopedSS defective virus envelopedSSRNA unenvelopedClassificationPico...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_3948
Bone infarcts are seen in:
[ "Iron deficiency anemia", "Thalassemia", "Sickle cell anemia", "Hereditary spherocytosis" ]
- Sickled cells can cause microvascular occlusion affecting Bones - Hand foot syndrome; Avascular necrosis of femur; H-shaped/ cod-fish/ fish mouth veebra. Brain - coma/ altered consciousness/ stroke, Skin - chronic, non-healing ulcer Spleen - autosplenectomy Pulmonary circulation - Acute chest syndrome
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_9959
Mouse-nibbled vocal-cord is seen in -
[ "TB", "Leprosy", "Laryngeal papilloma", "Epiglottitis" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., TB Tubercular laryngitiso Tubercular laryngitis is almost always secondary to pulmonary lesions, mostly affecting males in middle age (20-40 years). Disease affects the posterior third of larynx more commonly than anterior part.The parts affected in descending order of frequency are i) Interarytenoid ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47325
Modified BPP consists of:
[ "NST with AFI", "NST with fetal breathing", "NST with fetal movement", "NST with fetal tone" ]
Ans. a. NST with amniotic fluid index (Ref: Williams Obstetrics 24/e p342. 343)Modified Biophysical profile consists of NST with amniotic fluid index.Modified Biophysical Profile: Because the biophysical profile is labor intensive and requires a person trained in sonography, Clark and coworkers (1989) used an abbreviat...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28130
The organism most commonly causing genital filariasis in most pa of Bihar and easteran U.P. is -
[ "Wuchereria bancrofti", "Brugia malayi", "Onchocerca volvulus", "Dirofilaria" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Wuchereria bancrofti W. bancrafti is the most widely distributed human filarial parasite.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_25036
Irradiation are used for all except -
[ "Syringes", "Catgut suture", "Grafts", "Endoscope" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Endoscope Radiationso Two types of radiations are used for sterilization : (1) Ionizing radiation, and (2) Non-ionizing radiations.1) Ionizing readiations# Sterilization by Ionizing radiation does not cause increase in temperature --> Cold sterilization.# Ionizing irradiation used for sterilization :-...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20870
Rideal-Walker Coefficient is employed for the assessment of
[ "Germicidal Power of a disinfectant", "Sufficiency of Pasteurisation", "Effect of Incineration", "Effect of autoclaving" ]
RWC Also known as ‘Carbolic acid coefficient’. Is used to ‘represent germicidal power of a disinfectant’. Standard used for comparison: Phenol (RWC = 1.) RWC = 10 implies: Given disinfectant is 10 times more potent than phenol. Organism used for testing: Salmonella typhi 210 In presence of organic matter, RWC is ineffe...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17540
Which among the following drug is safest in a patient allergic to penicillin:
[ "Cephalexin", "Imipennem", "Cefepime", "Aztreonam" ]
Aztreonam
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_36572
The melting temperature of material marked with arrow is:
[ "50.0°C to 51.1°C", "53.3°C to 54.4°C", "54.4°C to 55.6°C", "None of the above" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_41593
Inulin clearance closely resembles ?
[ "G. F. R.", "Renal Plasma flow", "Creatinine clearance", "P.A.H. clearance" ]
A i.e. GFR
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_27802
Dentin bonding agents usually contain:
[ "Only Hydrophobic component", "Only Hydrophilic component", "Hydrophobic and hydrophilic component", "Lyophillic and lyophobic component" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49728
What should be the density of microfilaria in blood to make it infective to the vector
[ "5 microfilaria / drop of blood", "10 microfilaria / drop of blood", "15 microfilaria / drop of blood", "20 microfilaria / drop of blood" ]
A density of 15 microfilaria / drop of blood are needed to make it infective.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7670
All are features of delirium except: March 2011
[ "Impairment of consciousness", "Immediate memory retention and recall is normal", "Disorientation", "Hyperactivity" ]
Ans. B: Immediate memory retention and recall is normalDelirium is characterized by clouding of consciousness, characterized by a decreased awareness of surroundings and a decreased ability to respond to environmental stimuli and disorientation (most commonly in time, then in place and usually later in person), associa...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12944
The main motor supply of intrafusal fibers is
[ "Gamma neurons", "Alpha neurons", "Beta neurons", "All of the following" ]
MOTOR NERVE FIBERS
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17247
Site for placing an electrode in auditory brain stem implant is?
[ "Sinus tympani", "Round window", "Lateral ventricle", "Recess of fouh ventricle" ]
Auditory Brain Implant (ABI) Implant is designed to stimulate the cochlear nuclear complex in the brainstem directly by placing the implant Site : In the lateral recess of the fouh ventricle.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34445
Yellow discoloration of the skin and the mucosa is seen in which poisoning?
[ "Nitrous oxide", "Nitric acid", "Sulphuric acid", "Phosphoric acid" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Nitric acid o Nitric acid causes yellow discoloration of the tissues including the crowns of the teeth & yellow stains on the clothing,o Inhalation of fumes causes lacrimation, photophobia, irritation of air-passages & lungs producing sneezing, coughing, dyspnea & asphyxia,o The color of urine is brow...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_36581
Denominator in General fertility rate is?
[ "Married women in reproductive age group in a given year", "Women in reproductive age group in a given year", "Married women in any specified age group", "Women in any specified age group" ]
ANSWER: (B) Women in reproductive age group in a given yearREF: Parks textbook 20th edition page419Repeat from December 2008General fertility rate: Number of live births per 1000 women in reproductive age group in a given yearGeneral marital fertility rate: Number of live births per 1000 married women in reproductive a...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35999
Laryngocole arise as herniation of lorry regal mucosa through following membrane
[ "Thyrohyoid", "Cricothyroid", "Cricotracheal", "Cricosternal" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54704
The Earliest sign of male pubey is
[ "Pubic hair", "Axillary hair", "Hoarseness of voice", "Testicular enlargement" ]
In boys, the first visible sign of pubey and hallmark of SMR2 is testicular enlargement, beginning as early as 9 1/2 years. This is followed by penile growth during SMR3. Peak growth occurs when testis volumes reach approximately 9-10 cm3 during SMR4. Under the influence of LH and testosterone, and prostate enlarges. T...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20249
Colostrum is rich in:
[ "IgA", "IgE", "IgG", "IgM" ]
Colostrum contains more antibodies (IgA), immunocompetent cells & vitamins A,D,E,K
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_25077
Obstruction in pulmonary stenosis may occur at the following sites:
[ "Supravalvular", "Valvular", "Subvalvular", "All of the above" ]
d. All of the above(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2211-2217, Ghai 8/e p 420-423)Pulmonary stenosis can occur due to obstruction at supravalvular, valvular or subvalvular level.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_9008
A 50-year-old female is admitted to the hospital after a traumatic injury of the abdomen. NCCT examination reveals the lesion. An emergency procedure is performed. Which of the following peritoneal structures must be carefully manipulated to prevent intraperitoneal bleeding?
[ "Coronary ligament", "Gastrosplenic ligament", "Lienorenal ligament", "Phrenocolic ligament" ]
CT shows a subcapsular hematoma with a splenic laceration extending from the capsule to the hilum with an intraparenchymal hematoma Leinorenal ligament, also known as the Splenorenal ligament contains: tail of the pancreas splenic aery splenic vein Hence it is needed to be manipulated carefully to prevent bleeding. Gas...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5157
Hamaoma is ?
[ "Malignant tumor", "Metastatic tissue", "Development malformation", "Hemorrhage in vessel" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Development malformation Hamaoma A hamaoma is a benign (noncancerous) tumor-like growth consisting of a disorganized mixture of cells and tissues normally found in the area of body where the growth occurs. For example, hamaoma of lung contains cailage, blood vessels, bronchial type of structures and l...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50764
Which one of the fallowing does not cause pulsus paradoxus?
[ "Severe aoic regurgitation", "Cardiac tamponade", "Constrictive pericardities", "Acute severe bronchial asthma" ]
Pulsus paradoxus : refers to a fall in systolic pressure >10 mmHg with inspiration that is seen in patients with pericardial tamponade but also is described in those with massive pulmonary embolism, hemorrhagic shock, severe obstructive lung disease, and tension pneumothorax. Pulsus paradoxus is measured by noting the ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34269
A patient on nitroprusside therapy developed cyanide toxicity. Sodium nitrite was administered i.v. to combat this poisoning. Beneficial effect of sodiumnitrite in this case is dependent on:
[ "Direct chelation of cyanide with sodium nitrite", "Vasodilatation caused by sodium nitrite", "Conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin by sodium nitrite", "Facilitation of cyanocobalamin formation by sodium nitrite" ]
(Ref: KDT 6/e p527) Cyanide has very high affinity for the enzymes of respiratory chain paicularly cytochrome oxidase. Methemoglobin possesses even higher affinity for cyanides. It can free the enzymes due to competitive inhibition for cyanide. Nitrates act by reducing hemoglobin to mithenoglobin, which removes cyanide...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35854
From which of the following routes, absorption of local anaesthetic is maximum
[ "Intercoastal", "Epidural", "Branchial", "Cocaine" ]
Refer Ajay Yadav 3/e p105 First local anesthetic to be used clinically was cocaine by Carl koller
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38225
Gottrons sign is seen in?
[ "Lupus erythematosus", "Dermatomyositis", "Scleroderma", "Bells palsy" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12979
All of the following are tumor necrosis factor
[ "Adalimumab", "Etanercept", "Infliximab", "Abciximab" ]
Abciximab is a Fab fragment of the chimeric human-murine monoclonal antibody 7E3. Abciximab binds to the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor of human platelets and inhibits platelet aggregation by preventing the binding of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and other adhesive molecules Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 946
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52414
Hypoxiema independent of
[ "Fi02", "altitude", "Hb", "PaCO2" ]
Hb [Ref: Ganong 23/e p617; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxemiaj Hypoxemia is decreased paial pressure of oxygen in blood. It is the oxygen that is dissolved in the blood not attached with hemoglobin; thus it does not depend on Hemoglobin. Hypoxemia is one of the types of Hypoxia kla Hypoxic Hypoxia. The Hypoxia depe...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_15221
Which of the following vitamin acts as a cofactor for metabolism of sulphur containing amino acids?
[ "Folic acid", "Biotin", "Vit K", "Pyridoxine" ]
Methyl group in N5-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid (N5- methyl THFA) is used for synthesis of active methionine, which takes pa in transmethylation reactions. Such transmethylation reactions are required for synthesis of choline, epinephrine, creatine etc. Sulphur containing amino acids include cysteine and methionine. Ref...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32395
Which one of the following stains is specific for Amyloid?-
[ "Periodic Acid schif (PAS)", "Alzerian red", "Congo red", "Von - Kossa" ]
harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition. *all types of amyloid have affinity for Congo red stain and amyloid stains pink red in color. If the stained section is viewed in polarised light the amyloid shows apple green birefringence due to cross beta pleated sheet configuration of amyloid fibre
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_42605
Which of the following is an antipseudomonal antibiotic?
[ "Ciprofloxacin", "Vancomycin", "Cefaclor", "Tetracycline" ]
Ciprofloxacin (prototype) It is the most potent first generation FQ acti\*e against a broad range of bacteria, the most susceptible ones are the aerobic gram-negati\*e bacilli, especially the Enterobacteriaceae and Neisseria. The MIC of ciprofloxacin against these bacteria is usually < 0.1 J.Ig/ml, while grampositive b...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_10083
What is the root value of Biceps jerk
[ "C5-C6", "C6-C7", "C7-C8", "C8-T1" ]
Biceps jerk C5, 6 Triceps jerk C6-8 Radial jerk C7, 8 Biceps jerk (C5, 6) - The elbow is flexed to a right angle and slightly pronated. A finger is placed on the biceps tendon and struck with a percussion hammer; this should elicit flexion and slight supination of the forearm.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_4343
All of the following conditions require administration of GnRH agonist in a non-pulsatile manner except ?
[ "Male infeility", "Prostate cancer", "Endometriosis", "Precocious pubey" ]
Usage of GnRH agonists : Pulsatile GnRH agonist Non pulsatile (continuous) GnRH agonist Delayed pubey Ovulation induction Kallmann's syndrome Male infeility Endometriosis Hirsutism Uterine fibroids Central precocious pubey Prostate cancer Breast and ovarian cancer Note : Non-pulsatile administration of GnRH agonist is ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49923
A 40-year-old man underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2 years earlier. He remains asymptomatic until 1 week before admission, when he complains of RUQ pain and jaundice. He develops a fever and has several rigor attacks on the day of admission. An ultrasound confirms the presence of gallstones in the distal CBD. The...
[ "Should be discharged home under observation", "Should be observed in the hospital", "Undergo surgical exploration of the CBD", "ERCP with sphincterotomy and stone removal" ]
The patient described has the features of Charcot's triad-jaundice, abdominal pain, and rigors, which indicates the presence of ascending cholangitis in a patient with obstructive jaundice. The patient should be treated with broad spectrum IV antibiotics and undergo ERCP, sphincterotomy, and stone extraction. If this f...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51271
Distinct amino acid sequence at the antigen combining site is called:
[ "Idiotype", "Allotype", "Epitope", "Paratope" ]
Ans. (a)Idiotype is based on antigenic difference in the hypervariable region.Allotype is based on alleleic difference in immunoglobulins e.g., Gm type.Isotype is antigenic differences in constant regions of heavy chain decide isotypes.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39284
A boy presents with complaints of hypoaesthesia and wasting of thenar eminence. The nerve most likely to damaged in this patient:
[ "Musculocutaneous nerve", "Median nerve", "Ulnar nerve", "Radial nerve" ]
B i.e. Median Nerve
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44467
A patient presented with clinical features of ataxia and in-coordination. It is most likely due to involvement of which aery among the following
[ "Anterior cerebral", "Posterior cerebral", "Middle cerebral", "Superior cerebellar" ]
Clinical features of ataxia and in-coordination belong to cerebellar pathology, which might arise if there was involvementof superior cerebellar aery. Cerebral aery involvement (anterior, middle or posterior) does not usually present with cerebellar sign and symptoms.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46886
Terminal axillary draining lymph nodes -
[ "Anterior", "Posterior", "Scapular", "Apical" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Apical o The apical group of axillary lymph node receives lymph from anterior (pectoral), posterior (subscapular), central and lateral (humeral) group of axillary lymph nodes. Hence apical group of lymph node is the terminal group of axillary lymph node.Axillary lymph nodeRelated vesselsAnterior (pect...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46838
Alpo syndrome is characterized by all except?
[ "X-linked", "Cardiac hyperophy", "Nerve deafness", "Glomerulonephritis" ]
Alpo syndrome, Manifest by hematuria with progression to chronic renal failure, accompanied by nerve deafness and various eye disorders, including lens dislocation, posterior cataracts, and corneal dystrophy. X-linked trait in approximately 85% of cases. It is not associated with cardiac hyperophy.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33209
Post mortem staining of carbon monoxide poisoning is?
[ "Deep blue", "Bark brown", "Bright red", "Cherry red" ]
ANSWER: (D) Cherry redREF: Medical toxicology by Richard C. Dart Page 386; Parikh 6th Edition page 8.40, 3.10 Postmortem staining:PoisoningStainingCarbon monoxideCherry redCyanideBright red/pinkBurnsBright redPhosphorousDark brownNitratesRed brown/brownH2SBluish greenOpiumBlackAnilineDeep blueAsphyxiaPurple/bluish viol...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33958
A factory worker presents with excessive salivation, blue lines on gums, tremors, disturbed personality, insomnia, and loss of appetite. The most likely poisoning is -
[ "Mercury", "Lead", "Arsenic", "Phosphorus" ]
Excessive salivation, blue line on gums, tremors (i.e. Hatter's shake), disturbed personality (i.e. erethism) and loss of appetite (anorexia) suggest the diagnosis of mercury poisoning.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_27377
Which condition is not associated with cataract?
[ "Diabetes Mellitus", "Galactosemia", "Myotonic Dystrophy", "Refsum disease" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Refsum disease Causes of CataractSystemic diseasesDermatological diseasesAge related & Physical agentsToxic agentsOtherso Hypoparathyroidismo Hypocalcemiao Diabetes (Hyperglycemia)o Hypoglycemiao Dystrophia myotoniao Galactosae- miao Alport syndromeo Lowe syndromeo Stickler syndromeo Down syndromeo Wi...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14124
Deficiency of purine nucleoside phosphorylase causes
[ "Complement deficiency", "Cellular immunodeficeincy", "Humoral immunodeficeincy", "Combined immunodeficeincy" ]
A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency that is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that has material basis in mutation in the PNP gene and characterized mainly by decreased T-cell function. Ref-Sathyanarayana 4/e
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_40939
Nummular keratitis is seen in
[ "Bacterial keratitis", "Herpes zoster keratitis", "Acanthamoeba keratitis", "Fungal keratitis" ]
Ans. (b) Herpes zoster keratitisRef: A.K. Khurana 6th ed. /108-109
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33245
A good adhesive should possess all of the following EXCEPT:
[ "High adherend wetting", "High contact angle", "Low contact angle", "High flow" ]
Complete wetting occurs at a contact angle of 0° and no wetting occurs at an angle of 180°. Thus, the smaller the contact angles between an adhesive and an adherend, the better the ability of the adhesive to flow into and fill in irregularities within the surface of the adherend. The fluidity of the adhesive influences...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_18499
Name of the muscle in thenar eminence which does not have median nerve supply
[ "Abductor pollicis brevis", "Flexor pollicis brevis", "Opponens pollics", "Adductor pollicis" ]
Another muscle that controls movement of the thumb is adductor pollicis. It lies deeper and more distal to flexor pollicis brevis. Despite its name, its main action is mainly rotation and opposition. It is not in the thenar group of muscles, so is supplied by the ulnar nerve. Ref - BDC 6e p120
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_19091
Excessive bleeding due to heparin overdose is controlled by:
[ "Protamine sulfate", "Vitamin K", "Factor VIII", "EADA" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44980
Which of the following is derived from 3rd pharyngeal arch?
[ "Cricoid cailage", "Thyroid cailage", "Lesser cornu of hyoid", "Greater cornu of hyoid" ]
Lesser cornu of hyoid- 2nd Thyroid cailage- 4th arch Cricoid- 6th arch
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28138
A patient underwent sentinel node biopsy for treatment of breast carcinoma. Which of the following nerves is likely to be injured during this procedure?
[ "Intercostobrachial nerve", "Nerve to latissimus dorsi", "Nerve to serratus anterior", "Lateral pectoral nerve" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5752
All of the following GIT hormones belong to secretin family except
[ "Secretin", "Glucagon", "CCK", "VIP" ]
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is secreted by cells in the mucosa of the upper small intestine. It has a plethora of actions in the gastrointestinal system, but the most impoant appears to be the stimulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion, the contraction of the gallbladder (the action for which it was named), and relaxation of...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_40975
Most common cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage is
[ "Aneurysm", "A-V malformation", "Trauma", "Hypertension" ]
(C) Trauma # Most common cause of Subarachnoid haemorrhage is Berry aneurysm.> Most common cause of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage is rupture of saccular aneurysm.> Autopsy has revealed 3-4% of population harbour aneurysm. According to Harrison "... .Excluding head trauma, the most common cause of SAH is rupture ...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13076
Drug given to reduce uterine contractions during preterm labour with least side effects:
[ "Ritodrine", "Nifidipine", "Magnessium sulphate", "Progesterone" ]
Nifidipine which is a calcium channel blocker has the advantage of being effective orally,safe and cheap.Transient hypotension should be looked out for .A Cochrane review found that nifedipine was superior to betamimetics as a tocolytic.But there is no clear first line agent to date .(pg 175 textbook of obstetrics Shei...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24490
Which of the following is best stain for fungus:
[ "Muciramine", "Methenamine silver", "Alcian blue", "Hematoxylin and eosin" ]
Ans. (b) Methenamine silver Ref. Ananthanarayan 8/e p 601; DR Arora 3/e 656 Stains for funp. Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) (Better contrast) Gridley fungus (GF) Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) Giemsa Alcian blue Meyer's mucicarmine Out of these GMS is the best stain for fungi. For studying tissue response secondary to fun...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_3355
A young adult male presented with sudden painless loss of vision. He recovered spontaneously within 3 months Most likely cause of his blindness is -
[ "Central serous retinopathy", "Macular hole", "Myopic crescent", "Vitreous haemorrhage" ]
Central serous retinopathy- spontaneous serous detachment of neurosensory retina in the macular region, with or without retinal pigment epithelium detachment. Risk factors - young adult male, type A personality, emotional stress, steroid intake, HTN, pregnancy. Sudden onset of painless loss of vision associated with me...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2458
Which is raised in dysgerminoma?
[ "AFP", "LDH", "HCG", "CA-A 19-9" ]
- dysgerminoma is the most common among the malignant germ cell tumors accounting for 40%. - tumors markers like placental alkaline phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase may be elevated in dysgerminoma. Reference : textbook of gynaecology Sheila balakrishnan, 2nd edition, pg no: 283 <\p>
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7132
Urine analysis of a patient with haematuria and hypercalciuria is most likely to reveal which of the following
[ "Isomeric RBC", "RBC casts", "Nephrotic range proteinuria", "Eosinophilluria" ]
Hematuria is the presence of red blood cells in the urine. Microscopic hematuria is invisible to the naked eye and is often found by urinalysis or urine dipstick; it is said to be chronic or persistent if 5 or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power field can be seen in 3 of 3 consecutive centrifuged specimens obtai...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2715
Most common adverse effect of colchicine -
[ "Diarrhoea", "Peptic ulcer", "Dyspepsia", "Pulmonary fibrosis" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., diarrhoea "Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain are the most common untoward effects of colchicine". - Goodman & Gilman
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_23172
Desynchronised defibrillation is used in-
[ "Atrial fibrillation", "Atrial flutter", "SVT", "Ventricular fibrillation" ]
Synchronized electrical cardioversion is used to treat hemodynamically unstable supraventricular (or narrow complex) tachycardias, including atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation are treated with unsynchronized shocks referred to as defibrillation. Ref Ha...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22945
Which of the following surface glycoproteins is most often expressed in human hematopotetic stem cell?
[ "CD22", "CD4D", "CD15", "CD34" ]
HSC express a variety of cell surface proteins such as CD34 and adhesion proteins which helps cells to home to the bonemarrow when infused Reference : Harsh Mohan textbook of pathology, 7th edition.Pg no.262
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46311
Management of rhinolith:
[ "Medical", "Surgical", "No treatment required", "Symptomatic treatment only" ]
Ans: b (Surgical) Ref:Dhingra, 3rd ed, p. 200; 4th ed, p. 153Small rhinoliths are removed through anterior nares under GA (they are broken into small pieces before removal)Large rhinoliths are removed by lateral rhinotomyRhinolithStone formation in nasal cavity due to deposits of Ca2+ /Mg2+C/FO/EU/L nasal obstruction a...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_25580
1st posterior intercostal artery is a branch of-
[ "Aorta", "Superior intercostal artery", "Internal mammary artery", "Bronchial artery" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Superior intercostal artery o Each of upper nine intercostal spaces (1 to 9) have one posterior and two anterior intercostal arteries. The 10thand 11th spaces have one posterior intercostal artery (no anterior intercostal artery)o Anterior intercostal arteries for upper six spaces (two in each space) ...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14985
A young patient presented with blood pressure of 190/120 mm of Hg without any clinical symptom and fundus examination is normal, treatment of choice
[ "Oral Nitroglycerine", "IV Nitroglycerine", "Oral Enalapril", "IV Enalapril" ]
Angiotensin-conveing enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block production of the hormone, angiotensin II, a compound in the blood that causes narrowing of blood vessels and increases blood pressure. By reducing production of angiotensin II, ACE inhibitors allow blood vessels to widen, which lowers blood pressure and improves hea o...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54088
In a highly selective vagotomy, the vagal supply is severed to
[ "Proximal two-thirds of stomach", "Antrum", "Pylorus", "Whole of stomach" ]
Done in cases of uncomplicated duodenal ulcer wherein the fibres entering the stomach is divided both anteriorly as well as posteriorly, Nerve of Latarjet is retained to supply the tantrum. Reference: SRB 5th edition page no. 861
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49854
Termination process of protein synthesis is performed by:
[ "Releasing factor", "Stop codon", "UAA codon", "All" ]
A, B, C i.e. Releasing factor, Stop codon, UAA codon
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2226
Nerve commonly involved in fracture distal shaft of the Humerus -
[ "Radial nerve", "Medial", "Ulnar", "Circumflex brachial nerve" ]
Radial nerve is the most commonly injured nerve in fracture shaft humerus. It is particularly common in oblique fractures at the junction of middle and distal third bone ( Hoistein-lewis fracture)
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13502
In a patient with pelvic inflammatory disease due to tuberculosis, which of the following statements is true :
[ "Mycobacterium can be grown from menstrual blood", "Associated with infeility", "Ectopic pregnancy is common", "All of These" ]
All of These Mycobacterium can be grown from menstrual blood; Associated with infeility; and Ectopic pregnancy is common Most common symptom of TB is infeility. It is seen in 35 - 60% of cases. Cause of infeility : Blockage of the fallopian tube or Altered tubal and Endometrial function in presence of patent tubes. Ect...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_45611
Which of the following aery supplies the Midgut?
[ "Aoa", "Celiac trunk", "Superior mesenteric aery", "Inferior mesenteric aery" ]
Superior mesenteric aery is the aery of midgut, it supplies the gastrointestinal tract from the middle of the second pa of duodenum till the distal one third of the transverse colon. Must know:Celiac aery is the aey of foregut and inferior mesenteric aretey is the aery of hindgut. All these three aeries are the anterio...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33968
Acidic amino acids are
[ "Asparagine", "Arginine", "Glutamine", "None" ]
aspaic acid and glutamic acid are proton donors. At physiologic pH, the side chains of these amino acids are fully ionized, containing a negatively charged carboxylate group (-COO-). They are, therefore, called aspaate or glutamate to emphasize that these amino acids are negatively charged at physiologic pH Asparagine ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44325
Regarding Anopheles mosquito true is all EXCEPT :
[ "Eggs are laid singly on water", "Larva don't have siphon", "Wings are spotted", "Pupa don't have siphon tube" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35119
Browne's tube is used for -
[ "Steam sterilization", "Radiation", "Chemical sterilization", "Filtration" ]
Brown's tube is the most commonly used chemical indicator of moist heat sterilization in the autoclave. It contains red solution that turns green when exposed to temperature of 121degC for 15 minutes in an autoclave.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44147
Which of the following NSAID is used for Bartter syndrome?
[ "Paracetamol", "Sulindac", "Mefenamic acid", "Indomethacin" ]
Bartter syndrome is characterised by increased prostaglandins and Indomethacin is used for the treatment of this syndrome.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20891
The commonly used laser for curing composite resin is
[ "Nd:YAG", "CO2", "ER:YAG", "Argon" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2717
Van Herick Test is used for:
[ "Measuring cells and flare", "Measuring anterior chamber depth", "Measuring angle", "Measuring anterior chamber volume" ]
Van Herick's method Measures anterior chamber depth with a slit lamp, focus at peripheral cornea near limbus at an angle of 60 deg It Compares anterior chamber depth with corneal thickness. Van Herick's Grading Grade 4 PAC >= CT Grade 3 PAC = 1/4 to 1/2 of CT Grade 2 PAC = 1/4 of CT Grade 1 PAC < 1/4 of CT CT - Corneal...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_45806
Apneusis occur when ?
[ "Lesion is above pons", "Lesion is midpontine with intact vagus", "Lesion is midpontine with damaged vagus", "Lesion is at pontomedullary junction" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lesion is midpontine with damaged vagus
C
null