dataset
string
id
string
question
string
choices
list
rationale
string
answer
string
subject
string
medmcqa
medmcqa_10542
Not a Radiological feature of ileal atresia
[ "Obstruction on Barium meal", "Microcolon on Barium enema", "Double bubble sign", "Apple - Peel appearance" ]
Multiple bubble sign in seen in ileal atresia.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30239
Necrotizing fascitis is caused by -
[ "Staphylococcus aureus", "Beta hemolytic streptococci", "Clostridium perfringens", "Pneumococcus" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Beta hemolytic streptococci The spectrum of infections of the deep soft tissues ranges from localized bacterial, viral and parasitic lesions to rapidly spreading, tissue destructive infections such as necrotizing fascitis and myonecrosis. A) Pyomyositis :- It is common in tropics, therefore also calle...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_3709
Which of the following is not true about medullary carcinoma of thyroid -
[ "Origin is from `C' cells of thyroid", "Component of MEN-1", "Multicentric in origin", "Amyloid deposition" ]
Medullary thyroid carcinoma is associated with MEN 2 (2A & 2B), and not with MEN-1. When medullary thyroid carcinoma occurs as a part of MEN syndrome, it may be multicentric.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_27411
Good prognostic factor in schizophrenia:
[ "Insidious onset", "Positive symptoms", "Disorganized subtype", "Absence of depression" ]
Ans: B (Positive symptoms) Ref: A Short Textbook of Psychiatry by Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition. 201L Jay pee, Page 62 Explanation: (See table below) Prognostic Factors in Schizophrenia Sl no Good prognostic factors Poor prognostic factors 1 Acute or abrupt onset Insidious onset 2 Onset >35 years (Late Onset) Onset < 20 yea...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8616
All of the following are usual features of left atrial Myxoma, except -
[ "Raised ESR", "Pyrexia", "Markedly enlarged left atrium", "Systemic Embolism" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32731
All of the following are included in pathogenesis of edema except?
[ "Decreased hydrostatic pressure of capillaries", "Decreased plasma osmotic pressure of capillaries", "lymphatic obstruction", "Increased vascular permeability" ]
Answer- A. Decreased hydrostatic pressure of capillaries
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7153
Earliest lesion in atherosclerosis is
[ "Atheroma", "Fatty streak", "Fibrous plaque", "None of the above" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1873
Thornwaldt's abscess is seen in -
[ "Ludwig angina", "Pharyngeal bursitis", "Lateral sinus thrombosis", "Hydrocephalus" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pharyngeal bursitis Thornwald's disease (Pharyngeal bursitis)o A thomwaldt cyst is a benign midline nasopharyngeal mucosal cyst.o It is a developmental anomaly which is usually asymptomatic and is found incidentally on imaging of nasopharynxo This is a notochord remnant.o Sometimes cyst may become inf...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31474
A 26 year old female patient complains of discoloration with her upper front teeth. Intra-oral examination reveals Intrinsic staining with maxillary incisors. Dentist prepares the tooth to receive veneers. Which of the following cutting mechanisms will be seen in this situation?
[ "Brittle fracture", "Ductile fracture", "Plastic deformation", "None of the above" ]
High-speed cutting, especially of enamel, proceeds by brittle fracture. Tooth structure, similar to other materials, undergoes brittle and ductile fracture. Brittle fracture is associated with crack production usually by tensile forces. Ductile fracture involves plastic deformation of material usually proceeding by she...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_42676
Which of the following is not a complication of TPN?
[ "Hepatic steaosis", "Renal failure", "Decreased bone density", "Septic venous thrombosis" ]
.Complications of TPN includes Technical 1. Air embolism. 2. Pneumothorax. 3. Bleeding. 4. Catheter displacement, sepsis, blockage. 5. Infection, thrombosis. Biochemical- 1. Electrolyte imbalance: Hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, hypophosphataemia. 2. Hyperosmolarity. 3. Hyperglycaemia. - common. 4. Dehydration. 5. Altered...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14113
b-agonists in asthma act by all except -
[ "Cause Bronchodilatation", "Abort an acute attack", "Decrease inflammation", "All of the above" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Decrease inflammation b-agonistso b2-receptors cause bronchodilatation, hence selective b2 agonists are used in bronchial asthma.o b2 agonists have no antiinflammatory action.o b2 agonists may be short acting (salbutamol, levalbuterol pirbuterol, terbutaline, Isoetharine, bitolterol, fenoterol, procat...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_37401
Post transplant lymphoma occurs due to proliferation of which of the following cells -
[ "T cell", "B cell", "NK cell", "Monocyte" ]
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the diffuse counterpa of follicular large cleaved cell lymphoma. Epstein Barr virus infectin has been etiologically implicated in DLBCL in immunosuppresed patients of AIDS and organ transplant cases Reference : Harsh Mohan textbook of pathology, 7th edition.Pg no.357
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38174
History of excessive thirst, hunger, micturition during nights and recent loosening of teeth usually indicate that the patient is suffering from:
[ "Hypertension", "Hyperthyroidism", "Diabetes mellitus", "Glomerulonephritis" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51479
Graveyard of ENT surgeon
[ "Pyriform Fossa", "Bucco Labial sulcus", "Tonsilolingual sulcus", "Peritonsillar space" ]
Tonsilolingual sulcus is seat of carcinoma usually missed by ENT doctor in OPD to check.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12764
Which of the following enzymes require NAD as cofactor?
[ "Citrate Synthase", "Isocitrate Dehydrogenase", "a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase", "Succinate Thiokinase" ]
a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase REF: Harper 27th ed p. 496 NAD is cofactor in: Lactate dehydrogenase Pyruvate dehydrogenase Alpha ketoglutrate dehydrogenase
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_42439
Physiologic responses to all types of shock include the following except
[ "Activation of the inflammatory system.", "Activation of the coagulation system.", "Hypoperfusion of tissues.", "Vasoconstriction." ]
Vasodilation and not vasoconstriction occurs because of the body’s immune response. Option A: Activation of the inflammatory system occurs as a response to the invasion of microorganisms. Option B: Activation of the coagulation system occurs because proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are released during t...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51061
HRT in post-menopausal women is given for all except:(AIIMS May 2013, Nov 2011)
[ "Vaginal dry ness", "Hot flushes", "Prevention of coronary artery disease", "Prevention of osteoporosis" ]
Ans. c. Prevention of coronary artery disease (Ref: Novak's Gynae 14/e p1330-1333)HRT in post-menopausal women is effective treatment available for relief of the menopausal symptoms hot flashes, vaginal dryness, urinary symptoms, emotional lability, and osteoporosis. Coronary artery disease is an absolute contraindicat...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34394
Degree of freedom for 2/2 contingency table is?
[ "1", "Zero", "2", "4" ]
Ref: Parks 23rd edition Degree of freedom = (r-1)(c-1) =(2-1)(2-1)= 1
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12994
Which of the following is False regarding H.Pylori infection :
[ "With chronic infection urease breath test become negative", "H.Pylori infection remain lifelong if untreated", "Endoscopy is diagnostic", "Toxigenic strains usually causes ulcer" ]
Answer is A (With chronic infection urease breath test becomes negative) Urease breath test detects H. pylon infection by 'bacterial urease activity' and remains positive till the bacteria has not been eradicated with treatment. Thus urease breath test becomes negative only after eradication of organism following treat...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22982
A 70-year-old man presents with right flank pain that radiates to his groin. He has a long history of heavy smoking and alcohol use and reports passing a kidney stone approximately 20 years prior to this event. His past medical history is also remarkable for diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol, and obesity. A computed ...
[ "Age", "History of smoking", "History ofurolithiasis", "Metabolic syndrome" ]
Ans. (b) History of smoking.In this patient, smoking is the greatest risk factor for the development of aortic aneurysm. Studies have shown that it increases the risk approximately eight times that of non smoking adults. Other tobacco use also increases the risk. Other risk factors include the patient's age, atheroscle...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16122
While analysing a data, allocation into similar groups is done to ensure -
[ "Comparability", "Accuracy", "Validity", "Sensitivity" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Comparability o Both groups (study and control) should be comparable in respect of all the possible varibles, which may influence the outcome. o So that, except for the factor under study will not influence the outcome confoundation and bias can be minimized.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51462
Which of the following is the best predictor of attempting suicide in the future?
[ "Alcohol abuse", "Unemployment", "Prior suicide attempt", "Divorce" ]
Ans. C. Prior suicide attemptThe strongest indicator of the likelihood of attempting suicide is a history of previous suicide attempts. It has been shown that women make more suicidal gestures, but men are more likely to choose lethal methods and thus are more likely to successfully commit suicide. Therefore, male gend...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28585
Treatment of choice for a patient with a maxillary complete denture with severe bilateral tuberosity undercuts is
[ "Remove both tuberosity undercuts", "Remove the tissue on only one side if possible", "Maintain the undercuts as they help in retention", "Use an mucostatic impression material" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39758
True about Kartagener's syndrome is all except-
[ "Dextrocardia", "Infertility'", "Brochieactasis", "Mental retardation" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Mental retardation o Kartagener's syndrome is a subgroup of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Primary ciliary dyskinesia - o It is an antosomal recessive syndrome. o It is characterized by poorly functioning cilia. There is absence or shortening of Dynein arms that are responsible for the coordinated bendin...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5888
True about propranalol is ?
[ "Metabolism of propranolol is not dependent on the hepatic blood flow", "Undergoes extensive first pass metabolism", "Hydroxylated product of propranolol has alpha blocking propey", "Propranolol is lipophobic" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Undergoes extensive first pass metabolism Propranolol metabolism It is well absorbed after oral administration. It has low bioavailability due to high first pass metabolism in liver. It is lipophilic and easily penetrates into brain. Metabolism of propranolol is dependent on the hepatic blood flow. Bi...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21249
The sigma (s) subunit of prokaryotic RNA polymerase
[ "Binds the antibiotic rifampicin", "Is inhibited by a-amanitin", "Specifically recognizes the promoter site", "Is pa of the core enzyme" ]
prokaryotic RNA polymers contain 2 alpha subunit, 2 beta subunit, 1 omega subunit, 1 sigma subunit and 2 zinc molecules Beta subunit fixes at the initiation siteThe sigma factor recognizes the promoter site and the affinity of the holoenzyme to the promoter siteRef: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 589
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48597
Treatment of choice for Eale's disease -
[ "Antibiotics", "Corticosteroids", "Antihistaminics", "Surgery" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Corticosteroids Eale's diseaseo Eale's disese is an idiopathic inflammatory venous occlusion (Phelbitis) that primarily affects the peripheral retina of young adult (20-30 yrs) male.o It is characterized by recurrent bilateral vitreous hemorrhage; therefore, also referred to as primary vitreous hemorr...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7186
Pasteurization by Holder method is heating milk at
[ "60° C for 45 minutes", "100° C for 15 minutes", "65° C for 30 minutes", "136° C for 15 minutes" ]
Methods of Pasteurization:
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48760
Endocervicat curettage shows malignant cells in a 40 year old lady. Next line of management is :
[ "Cone biopsy", "Pap smear", "Colposcopy", "Repeat procedure and if positive hysterectomy is done" ]
Cone biopsy
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17710
Isovolumetric relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle ends with
[ "Peak of C waves", "Opening of AV valve", "Closure of semilunar valve", "Beginning of T waves" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47441
Prostaglandin used to control bleeding in Post partum hemorrhage is:
[ "Carboprost", "Alprostadil", "PGE2", "PGI2" ]
Ref: Dutta textbook of obstetrics Pg.4I6Explanation:Postpartum hemorrhageCarboprost (15 methyl PGF2 alpha) 0.25 mg to be given i.m every I5min upto maximum 2 mgMisoprostol (PGEI) 1000 microgm per rectum AlprostadilSynthetic Prostaglandin El (PGEI) analogIt is a drug used in the treatment of erectile dysfunctionUsed in ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_9902
Hung up reflex is seen in-
[ "Chorea", "Cerebral palsy", "Athetosis", "None" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e. ChoreaHung up knee ierko When patellor tendon is tapped while the foot is hanging free, the leg may be held in extension for few seconds before relaxing owing to prolonged contraction of quadriceps.o This is seen in "chorea".Other neurological signs associated with chorea -o Milkmaids gripo Piano signo...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52278
A newborn baby presented with a failure to pass meconium in the immediate postnatal period. The pediatrician also notices visible yet ineffective peristalsis, and abdominal distention. A radiological contrast enema demonstrated a narrow conical segment and a dilated proximal bowel. A diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease w...
[ "Failure of migration of neural crest cells", "Excessive peristalsis of the affected pa of gut", "Failure of involution of vitelline duct", "Obstruction secondary to an infectious agent" ]
Hirschsprung disease: Also known as congenital aganglionic megacolon Premature arrest of normal migration of neural crest cells from the cecum to the rectum producing aganglionosis of distal intestinal segment Functional obstruction of the affected bowel and proximal dilation Diagnosis: Documenting the absence of gangl...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12918
Most common causative organism for bacterial meningitis beyond 3 years of age is -
[ "Pneumococcus", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Meningococcus", "H. influenzae Type b" ]
Most common causative organism for bacterial meningitis beyond 3 years of age is - Pneumococcus
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_3562
The term 'disease control' employs all of the following except-
[ "Reducing the complications", "Reducing the risk of fuher transmission", "Reducing the incidence of disease", "Reducing the prevalence of the disease" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Reducing the prevalence of the disease o The term disease control describes, reducing the i) The incidence of disease ii) The duration of disease and consequently the risk of transmission iii) The effects of infection, including its complications iv) Financial burden to the community
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8943
Which of the following drugs is used to control tachycardia and palpitations in persons with acute symptoms of hyperthyroidism ?
[ "Liothyronine", "Propranolol", "Methimazole", "Potassium iodide solution" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49685
Virus causing oropharyngeal carcinoma ?
[ "EBV", "HPV", "HHV-8", "HTLV" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., HPV
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32274
Peak stage in height growth corresponds to stage of pubic hair –
[ "I", "II", "III", "IV" ]
For Girls (Nelson 62 fig 12-4) Peak stage in height growth —> Breast stage III and pubic hair stage III. For boys (Nelson 61 fig 12-3) Peak stage in height growth -p Genitalia (Testis, penis) stage IV and pubic hair stage IV.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2973
Risk of amniotic fluid embolism is greatest in :
[ "First trimester of pregnancy", "Second trimester of pregnancy", "During labour", "In puerperal period" ]
During labour
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13974
Earliest event in ischemic cardiac myocytes is:
[ "Microvascular injury", "Irreversible cell injury", "Loss of contractility", "ATP reduction to 50% normal." ]
Loss of contractility Features Time Onset of A TP depletion Seconds Loss of contractility <2 min A TP reduced to 50% of normal to 10% of normal 10 min 40 min Irreversible cell injury 20-40 min Microvascular injury > 1 hour
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_45565
Bleeding ear discharge is mostly due -
[ "Glomus tumour", "Otosclerosis", "Otitis media with effusion", "Acoustic neuroma" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Glomus tumour Differential diagnosis of blood stained ear discharge :* ASOM* Acute mastoiditis* CSOM* Aural polyp* Granulations* Glomus tumor
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13713
Preservative added in DPT vaccine is -
[ "Zinc phosphate", "Aluminium phosphate", "MgSO4", "ZnSO4" ]
Page 162 Park&;s textbook of Preventive and social medicine 23rd edition DPT vaccine provides immunity against diphtheria peussis and tetanus Peusis component in the DPT vaccine enhance the potency of diphtheria toxoid There are two types of DPT vaccine -plain and adsorbed Adsorption is usually carried out on a mineral...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8413
Analysis of routine measurement aimed at detecting changes in the environment?
[ "Surveillance", "Isolation", "Monitoring", "RCT" ]
Monitoring is the performance and analysis of routine measurements aimed at detecting changes in the environment or health status of population.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16929
The diffusion capacity of the lung is decreased in all of the following conditions except:
[ "Interstitial lung disease", "Goodpasture's syndrome", "Pneumocystis jirovecii", "Primary pulmonary hypeension" ]
DLCO is increased in Goodpasture's since the basement membrane is damaged, thereby increasing the chances of diffusion of CO across lesser number of anatomical layers. DLCO is decreased in pulmonary aery hypeension since the fibrosis in pulmonary vessels will reduce the diffusion of CO across the anatomical layers. DLC...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24293
HCG level seen in :
[ "Down syndrome", "DM", "Multiple pregnancy", "Ectopic pregnancy" ]
Ans. is d i.e. Ectopic pregnancy Caught you, I know some of you must have instantly answered "Down's Syndrome". But my dear friends read the question very carefully. It says decreased hCG levels and not decreased AFP levels.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12933
STEP wise approach to surveillance for Non - Communicable diseases step 2 is
[ "Behavioural measurement", "Physical measurement", "Biochemical Measurement", "Emotional Assessment" ]
STEPS Compriser or 3steps Step 1 = Behavioural measurements Step 2 = Physical measurements Step 3 = Biochemical measurements
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13315
Which of the following is the insertion of the shown muscle?
[ "Radial tuberosity", "Olecranon process", "Radial head", "Medial malleolus" ]
Ans. A Radial tuberosityRef: Gray's Anatomy 41st ed. P 824* The shown muscle in the image is biceps brachii.* It has two proximal heads (hence the name). Their attachments are:# Short head: Tip of coracoid process# Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula* Insertion:# Radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm via bici...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_6417
Ligament with vessels includes
[ "Renocolic", "Gastro splenic", "Linorenal", "Phrenicocolic" ]
(B) Gastro splenic # Gastrosplenic ligament (ligamentum gastrosplenicum or gastrolienal ligament) is part of the greater omentum.> Embryonically the gastrosplenic ligament is derived from the dorsal mesogastrium.> Gastrosplenic ligament is made of peritoneum that connects the greater curvature of stomach with the hilum...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53869
Drug of choice for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia is
[ "Imatinib", "Cisplatin", "Methotrexate", "Tamoxifen" ]
Imatinib - first line drug for chronic phase CML,in blast crisis and second line therapy for chronic phase CML that has progressed on prior IFN-a therapy Imatinib is also first line drug for metastatic c-kit positive GIST. Nilotinib, Bosutinib, Dasatinib - used in treatment of resistant CML Dasatinib is also used for t...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_294
Hyperbaric oxygen is useful in
[ "Tetanus", "Frostbite", "Vincent's angina", "Gas gangrene" ]
Hyperbaric oxygen is currently considered a primary treatment modality for carbon monoxide poisoning, cerebral aerial gas embolism, osteoradionecrosis, decompression sickness, and clostridial gas gangrene. It is also considered an adjunctive therapy for acute exceptional blood loss anemia, acute thermal burns, compromi...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7219
Sex determination in early pregnancy Is done by:
[ "X-rays", "Amniocentesis", "Ultrasound", "Hysteroscopy" ]
Ultrasound
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29586
Hypersegmented neutrophils are a feature of:September 2011, March 2013
[ "Hemosiderosis", "Sideroblastic anemia", "Megaloblastic anemia", "Thalassemia" ]
Ans. C: Megaloblastic anemiaThe diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is based on leucopenia with hypersegmented granulocytes, a moderate to severe Megaloblastic anemia, elevated levels of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid in the serum and low serum vitamin B12.Hypersegmented neutrophilNormally, the number of se...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51047
Number of teeth at 7 years:
[ "20", "24", "26", "28" ]
Ans. 24
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28047
L-form is seen in ?
[ "Ricketsia", "Chlamydia", "Mycoplasma", "H. pylori" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Mycoplasma L-forms are seen in several species of bacteria, developing either spontaneouly or in presence of penicillin or other agents that interfere with cell wall synthesis. L-forms may be unstable in that the morphological abnormality is maintained only in the presence of penicillin, or stable, wh...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44851
Which of these is NOT a sign of increased intracranial tension (ICT)?
[ "Erosion of dorsum sella", "Sutural diastasis", "Ballooning of sella", "Copper-beaten appearance" ]
X-ray findings of increased intracranial tension: Sutural diastasis Sellar demineralization Erosion of posterior clinoids Silver beaten appearance Must know: Cushing's triad: It is the classic presentation of ICH: hypeension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations. Ref: Diagnostic Neuroradiology edited by Valery N.Kor...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29614
Blood of 45 yrs old male shows -HVA. This patient is most likely to show -
[ "PCC", "Schizophrenia", "Depression", "Parkinson's ds" ]
Some guides have given Schizophrenia as the answers. But they are wrong. Read below : - Homovanillic acid (HVA) is the major metabolite of dopamine. Schizophrenia is characterized by hyperactivity of dopaminergic system. However, HVA is not raised in Schizophrenia → Which questioned the dopamine hypothesis of schizophr...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_41282
45-year-old female complains of lower abdominal pain and vaginal discharge. On examination, there is cervicitis along with a mucopurulent cervical discharge. The Gram smear of the discharge shows presence of abundant pus cells, but no bacteria. The best approach to isolate the possible causative agent would be:
[ "Culture on chocholate agar supplemented with hemin", "Culture on McCoy cells", "Culture on a bilayer human blood agar", "Culture on Vero cell lines" ]
Patient is complaining of abdominal pain and vaginal discharge. On examination, cervicitis and mucopurulent discharge is seen—which indicates she is having PID. The presence of pus cells in absence of organism indicates chlamydial infection (most common STD today). It is an intracellular organism that grows only on McC...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24001
Allergic hypersensitivity is mediated by ?
[ "IgM", "IgG", "IgD", "IgE" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., IgE
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21749
Sclerotic lesion in the bone is seen in all except -
[ "Osteitis fibrosa", "Osteopetrosis", "Melorheostosis", "Caffey's disease" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17917
A patient presents to you with the features of biliary obstruction. He gives history of the consumption of fish while on the trip. Which of the following is most probable etiology
[ "Clonorchis sinensis", "Ancylostoma", "Strongyloides", "Enterobius" ]
Ans. a. Clonorchis sinensis
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_622
Bonds in cellulose that make it resistant to digestion is:
[ "b1-4", "a1-6", "b1-6", "a1-6" ]
Cellulose is the chief constituent of plant cell walls. It is insoluble and consists of b-D -glucopyranose units linked by b,1-4 bonds to form long, straight chains strengthened by cross-linking hydrogen bonds. Mammals lack any enzyme that hydrolyzes the b1 -4 bonds, and so cannot digest cellulose. Ref: Harper 28th edi...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43760
Pathognomic features of Maxillary sinusitis is:
[ "Mucopus in the middle meatus", "Inferior turbinate hypertrophy", "Purulent nasal discharge", "Atrophic sinusitis" ]
(Mucopus in middle meatus) (182, Dhingra 4th) (209-Maqbool 11th)* In maxillary sinusitis - pus is seen in the middle meatus particularly when the head is kept is down with infected sinus uppermost (maqbool)* Presence of mucopus in the nose is suggestive of sinus infection and its position determines the sinus involved*...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53400
Autoimmunity can be caused due to all of the following except-
[ "The pressure of forbidden clones", "Expression of cryptic antigens", "Negative selection of T-cells in the thymus", "Inappropriate expression of the MHC proteins" ]
Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues. Any disease that results from such an aberrant immune response is termed an autoimmune disease. Prominent examples include celiac disease, diabetes mellitus type 1, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), S...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_18025
Most common part of spine affected by Rheumatoid arthritis is?
[ "Lumbar spine", "Thoracic spine", "Cervical spine", "Sacrum" ]
Ans. (c) Cervical spineRef.'.MR Imaging of the Spine and Spinal Cord by DetlevUhlenbrock p-375, Orthopedic surgery essentials- Spine by Christopher M. Bono, Steven R. Garfin p-188
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1084
Secondary osteosarcoma are associated with
[ "Paget's disease", "Osteogenesis imperfecta", "Melhoreostosis", "Ankylosing spondilitis" ]
Answer- A. Paget's diseaseCauses of secondary osteosarcomaPagets DiseaseFibrous dysplasiaEnchondromatosisHereditary multiple exostosisRadiationChronicosteomyelitisBone infarction
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17090
Theophyline levels in blood are increased by:
[ "Barbiturates", "Methotrexate", "Cimetidine", "All of the above" ]
Cimetidine
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2784
Malignant pustule occurs in ?
[ "Melanoma", "Gas gangrene", "Ovarian tumour", "Anthrax" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Anthrax
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_36777
The following set of words can be used synonymously in epidemiology -
[ "Source and Reservoir", "Index and primary case", "Latent infection and subclinical infection", "Serial interval and incubation period" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Latent infection and subclinical infection Though none of the given pairs can be used as synonymously, the best answer is 'c'.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30140
Dragon or serpent worm is:
[ "Enterobius", "Trichuris", "Dracunculus", "T. Solium" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Dracunculus(Ref: Harrison, 19th/e, p. 1422-1423; Chatterjee, 12th/e, p. 203)* Dracunculus medinensis is also known as Guinea worm, Serpent worm, Dragon worm, Medina worm.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50427
Tuberculate spores are diagnostic in:
[ "Cryptococcosis", "Chromomycosis", "Sporotrichosis", "Histoplasmosis" ]
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus. As a yeast, it exists intracellularly in macrophages as a 2-4 micron budding spherical form. When grown in culture medium, hyaline septate hyphae with small microconidia tuberculate macroconidia are seen in H. capsulatum. These macro conidia are having finger like projectio...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47478
Enlarged pulsatile liver is seen in -
[ "Tricuspid regurgitation", "Aortic regurgitation", "Mitral regurgitation", "Pulmonary regurgitation" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5850
Which of the following species of Brucllea tends to produce more acute and aggressive presentation?
[ "B.melitensis", "B.suis", "B.abous", "B.canis" ]
The three major species of brucella are B.melitensis, B.abous, and B.suis B.melitensis tends to produce a more acute and aggressive presentation of all other Brucella species Ref: Textbook of microbiology; Ananthanarayan and paniker's; 10th edition; Pg: 346
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51655
A child plays a simple ball game at -
[ "52 weeks", "36 weeks", "12 weeks", "48 weeks" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 52 weeks o A child plays a simple ball game at 1 year (52 weeks).
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_4408
Radiologically, earliest sign of osteomyelitis is -
[ "Loss of muscle and fat planes", "Periosteal reaction", "Callus formation", "Presence of sequestrum" ]
Osteomyelitis is the infection of bone by microorganisms.It can be acute or chronic. Acute osteomyelitis: This can be primary (haematogenous)or secondary(following open fracture or bone opeaion). Staphylococcus aureus is the commonest causative organism. C/f: Child presents with an acute onset of pain and swelling at e...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49506
Muscle most commonly affected by congenital absence is?
[ "Pectoralis major", "Semi membranosus", "Teres minor", "Gluteus maximus" ]
Pectoralis major and minor muscles are the most common congenitally absent muscles in humans. Ref: Ultrasound of the Musculoskeletal System, 2007, Pages 51, 285; Principles of Neurology By Allan H. Ropper, Raymond Delacy Adams, Maurice Victor, Robe H. Brown, Page 1245; Clinical Pediatric Urology By A. Barry Belman, Low...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32745
In Community Needs Assessment approach as pa of the Reproductive & Child Health programme, the targets for various health activities are set at the level of-
[ "Community", "Sub-centre", "Primary health-centre", "District" ]
Ans. is d i.e., District o The various activities of Reproductive and child Health Programme (RCH) arc targeted at the district level. "The RCH programme is based on a di iThrential approach. Inputs in all the districts have not been kept uniform. While the care component are the same for all districts, the weaker dist...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_40727
The hypoglossal nerve is the motor nerve to all of the muscles of the tongue except, the:
[ "Genioglossus", "Palatoglossus", "Superior longitudinal muscle", "Inferior longitudinal muscle" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52653
which of the following mumurs will increase with valsalva ?
[ "MR", "VSD", "AS", "HOCM" ]
HOCM REF: harrisons 21st ed
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31112
Which of the following is true about cholesterol?
[ "Made up of 25 carbons", "There is a hydroxyl group at 5th carbon", "Contain the cyclic tetra-perhydrophenanthrene ring", "Amphipathic in nature" ]
Cholesterol : Made up of 27 carbons Ring in cholesterol is cyclo-penta-perhydrophenanthrene (CPP) One of the major constituent of the plasma membrane and of plasma lipoproteins. A hydroxyl group is present at position 3. Due to one -OH group, it has a weak polar character among the mostly non-polar pa. Hence it an amph...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12334
Cardiac anomaly associted with TOF False is -
[ "Cyanotic heart disease", "RVH", "ASD", "VSD" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., ASD Tetralogy of falloto Cyanotic heart disease (MC).o Defect in infundibular septum leads to :Pulmonary stenosisVSD (Not ASD)Dextroposition and overriding of aorta.Right ventricular hypertrophy (NOT LVH).o Pink TOF (Acyanotic TOF) when PS is mild to moderate balanced shunt tnt across the VSD, pt not ...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51874
All are true about popliteal fossa except
[ "The popliteal fossa is bounded above by tendons of the hamstring muscles and below by two heads of the gastronemius muscle", "The deepest structure in the popliteal fossa is the popliteal aery", "The popliteal and femoral vessels are continuous through the adductor hiatus", "The common peroneal nerve passes ...
POPLITEAL FOSSA:- Diamond shaped depression lying behind the knee joint. Boundaries:-1. Superolaterally- biceps femoris2. Superomedially- semitendinosus,semimembranosus, gracilis, adductor magnus, saorius.3. Inferomedially-medial head of gastrocnemius 4. Inferolaterally-lateral head of gastrocnemius.5. Roof -popliteal ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8764
Aldosterone is secreted by-
[ "Zona glomerulosa", "Zona fasiculata", "Zona reticularis", "Adrenal medulla" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Zona glomerulosa * The adrenal gland consists of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex are called corticosteroid, which are classified into glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens. The hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are epinephrine and some ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43595
Quarantinable disease
[ "Diphteria", "Yellow fever", "Infectious TB", "All of the above" ]
Quarantinable diseases SARS Yellow fever Diphtheria Plague Infectious TB Small pox Viral hemorrhagic fever
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47059
Muirs and Barclays formula is for: AFMC 11
[ "Colloid resuscitation in burns", "Polytrauma fluid resuscitation", "Crystalloid in trauma", "Dextran in burns" ]
Ans. Colloid resuscitation in burns
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49831
Abnormality to check if lithium is given to a pregnant female -
[ "Cardiac anomaly", "Neural tube defect", "Facial defect", "Urogenital defect" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cardiac anomaly Lithium is a weak teratogen in human.The main effects attributable to lithium are increased cardiac malformation in the fetus especially "Ebsteins anomaly".Lithium may increase the incidence of Ebstein9s anomaly in fetus but it is not contraindicated during pregnancy.Lithium is not con...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38514
The given x-ray is suggestive of
[ "TGA", "TAPVC", "Coarctation of aorta", "Patent ductus arteriosus" ]
Figure of 3 sign or double bulge sign - COA.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50355
Functional residual capacity represents the volume of air remaining in lungs:-
[ "After normal inspiration", "After normal expiration", "After forceful expiration", "After forceful inspiration" ]
Functional residual capacity: - It equals the EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME + RESIDUAL VOLUME - This capacity is amount of air that remains in lungs at end of normal expiration (about 2300 ML) Pulmonary capacities: Inspiratory capacity: - Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume - This capacity is amount of air a person c...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21214
Disinfection of water is not required if the source is from –
[ "Tube well", "Step well", "Draw well", "River" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_319
All the following are true regarding Vibrio cholerae except -
[ "Transported in acidic medium", "Gram-negative", "Aerobic organism", "Ferments glucose" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33934
Basic need programme includes all, except -
[ "Education of adult & child", "Doctor & nurse ratio", "Water supply", "Sanitation" ]
Ans. is `b' i.e., Doctor & nurse ratio
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_9549
Polyuria with low fixed specific gravity urine is seen in ?
[ "Diabetes mellitus", "Diabetes insipidus", "Chronic glomerulonephritis", "Potomania" ]
Answer- C. Chronic glomerulonephritisPolyuria with fixed low specific gravity is a feature of chronic glomerulonephritis.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46937
Keratomalacia is:
[ "Occurs due to Vit-A deficiency", "Relatively benign condition", "First feature of Vit-A deficiency", "Also seen in retinitis pigmentosa" ]
A i.e. Occurs due to vit-A deficiency Keratomalacia occurs due to vitamin A deficiency Q but is not the earliest symptom. Earliest symptom is nightblindness Q Xeropthalmia Ocular manifestations of vitamin A deficiency ranging from night blindness to corneal melting are termed as xeropthalmia. It is largely limited to t...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53167
Tensile strength in the wound scar is
[ "Similar to normal skin", "More than normal skin", "80% of normal skin", "50% of normal skin" ]
This maturation of collagen leads to increased tensile strength in the wound which is maximal at the 12th-week post-injury and represents approximately 80% of the uninjured skin strength. Bailey and love 27e pg: 25
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_19737
Subnormal Ferritin is seen in all, except:
[ "Iron deficinecy anemia", "Anaemia of chronic disease", "Liver disease", "Hypothyroidism" ]
(B) Anaemia of chronic disease > Patients with chronic inflammatory or neoplastic disease often develop anemia of chronic disease.> Cytokines produced by inflammation cause a block in the normal recirculation of iron from reticuloendothelial cells (which pick up the iron from senescent red blood cells) to the red cell ...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44916
All of the following are advantages of using Raloxifen over estrogen in post menopausal women except ?
[ "Reduces fracture rates", "Avoids Endometrial hyperplasia", "Reduces incidence of venous thrombosis", "No increase in incidence of breast carcinoma" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Reduces incidence of venous thrombosis
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21008
Major contribution to cachexia with advanced cancer?
[ "Clathrin", "Histamine", "Interferon", "Tumor-necrosis-factor (TNT)" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Turnor-necrosis factor (TNT) Patients with cancer commonly suffer progressive loss of body fat which is accompnied by profound weakness anorexia, and anemia. This wasting syndrome is referred to as cachexia. o TNF produced by macrophages or some tumor cells is the most impoant mediator of cachexia.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_10966
What is PAIR technique for treatment of hydatid disease of liver -
[ "Punchure albendazole irigation regimen", "Puncture aspiration injection reaspiration technique", "Praziquantel Albendazole injection reaspiration technique", "Partial resection of affected organ (liver)" ]
Ans. is 'b1 i.e., Puncture aspiration injection reaspirition (PAIR) technique (www.emedicine.medscape.com/article/178648-treatmentM; WHO/CDSCSR/APH/2001.6)o PAIR technique was proposed in 1986 by a Tunisian team.o In this, US guided needle aspiration of cyst is done followed by injection of scolicidal agent and reaspir...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21024
Radiographically 'Sequestrum' formed in osteomyelitis is:
[ "More opaque than healthy bone", "Same opaque than healthy bone", "Less opaque than healthy bone", "None of the above" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44633
Amoebic liver abscess most commonly affects -
[ "Right lobe of liver", "Left lobe of liver", "Portal vein", "Right pleural cavity" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Right lobe of liver Amoebic Liver abscesso Caused by Entamoeba histolytica whose cysts are acquired through the feco-oral route and their trophozoites reach the liver through portal venous systemo Like pyogenic abscess they are also common in rt. lobe of livero Clinical Picture# the typical clinical p...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22714
What is a Rhinolith:
[ "Foreign body in nose", "Stone in nose", "Deposition of calcium around foreign body in nose", "Misnomer" ]
Rhinoliths are calcareous masses which result due to deposition of salts-like calcium and magnesium carbonates and phosphates around the nucleus of a foreign body. Ref Dhingra 6/e,p 161.
C
null