dataset
string
id
string
question
string
choices
list
rationale
string
answer
string
subject
string
medmcqa
medmcqa_39906
A 5-year-old child suffering from nephrotic syndrome is responding well to steroid therapy. What would be the most likely finding on light microscopy –
[ "No finding", "Basement membrabne thicking", "Hypercellular glomeruli", "Fusion of foot processes" ]
Minimal change disease Minimal Change Disease is the most common cause of Nephrotic syndrome in children. Oedema and Selective proteinuria are features of the nephrotic syndrome. Fever may be present on account of increased susceptibility to infection. Minimal change disease presents with insidious onset of nephrotic ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_2379
Mutation in Hartnup's disease is
[ "SLC6A18", "SLC6A17", "SLC6A19", "SLC6A20" ]
SLC6A19 gene encodes neutral amino acid transporter. Its mutation is seen in Hartnup's disease.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_10021
Ifosfamide belongs to which class:
[ "Alkylating agent", "Antimetabolite", "Taxanes", "Antibiotics" ]
Alkylating agent
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1546
Inherited hyperammonemia is a result of deficiency of which enzyme of Krebs-Henseleit urea cycle?
[ "Malate dehydrogenase", "Isocitrate dehydrogenase", "N-acetyl glutamate synthetase", "Succinate dehydrogenase" ]
Inherited hyperammonemias are a group of six diseases caused by inborn deficiencies of the enzymes of the Krebs-Henseleit urea cycle. The enzymes involved are: 1. N-acetyl glutamate synthetase 2. Arbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) 3. Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) 4. Argininosuccinic acid synthetase (citrullinemia) 5...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53821
For each of the following statements, select whether it is applicable to one of the following medications.Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme I (ACE I).
[ "losartan", "enalapril", "spironolactone", "digoxin" ]
Enalapril exerts its effect by inhibiting formation of angiotensin II. This lowers systemic vascular resistance. In addition, ACE inhibitors have a natriuretic effect by inhibition of aldosterone secretion.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_40619
Single gene disorder
[ "Duchenne muscle dystrophy", "Down syndrome", "Turner syndrome", "Klinefelter syndrome" ]
(A) Duchenne muscle dystrophy MENDELIAN DISORDERS/SINGLE GENE DISORDERSAutosomal DominantAutosomal RecessiveX-linked RecessiveX-linked DominantFAP of colonAchondroplasiaAcute intermittent porphyriaHyperlipoproteinemia1.2,3,4HemorrhagicHSHuntington's dsMarfan's syndromeNeurofibromatosisOsteogenesis imperfectaPolydactyly...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30920
Nail is involved in:
[ "Psoriasis", "Lichen planus", "Fungal infection", "All" ]
A i.e., Psoriasis B Lichen planus C i.e., Fungal infection
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31404
Diameter of fovea centralis is:
[ "0.5 mm", "1.0 mm", "1.5 mm", "2.5 mm" ]
Ans. 1.5 mm
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34552
Pulmonary tuberculosis is more common in following associated diseases except -
[ "Acquired Immune Deficiencies syndrome", "Diabetes", "Chronic renal failure", "Mitral stenosis" ]
Risk factors for active tuberculosis among persons who have been infected with Tubercle bacilli include comorbidities like HIV infection(relative risk of 21-30),chronic renal failure(10-25),diabetes(2-4),silicosis(30),IV drug use(10-30),immunosuppressive treatment(10),gastrectomy(2-5),jejunoileal bypass(30-60),posttran...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51793
Which one of the following drugs does not have active metabolite?
[ "Diazepam", "Propanolol", "Allopurinol", "Lisinopril" ]
Lisinopril is a lysine derivative of enalaprilat which is an active metabolite of enalapril. It is an oral prodrug that is conveed by hydrolysis to a conveing enzyme inhibitor, enalaprilat. Enalaprilat itself is available only for intravenous use, primarily for hypeensive emergencies. All other ACE inhibitors are prodr...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44694
Acute SDH is seen on CT scan as:
[ "Lentiform-shaped hyperdense lesion", "Crescent-shaped hypodense lesion", "Crescent-shaped hyperdense lesion", "Lentiform-shaped hypodense lesion" ]
Ans. c (Crescent-shaped hyperdense lesion). (Ref. Annie Osborn's Diagnostic Neuroradiology, 205).A Crescent-shaped or concavoconvex collection is SDH. Hyperdense on CT are fresh bleeds.Extradural hematoma verse subdural hematomaFeaturesEDHSDHIncidence1-4% overall10-20% overallAsso fractureAssociated in 85-95% cases.Und...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34623
Which of the following casein predominates in cow milk:
[ "a casein", "b casein", "Equally present", "None of the above" ]
a casein predominates in cow milk, whereas b casein predominates in human milk and the former may act as an allergen. Ref:Nutrition and Child Development, K.E. Elizabeth, 4th edition pg: 17
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_3612
A patient with enlarged cervical lymph nodes has a malignant tumor of the cecum. Which of the following lymph nodes of the neck is most frequently associated with malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract?
[ "Left inferior deep cervical", "Left supraclavicular", "Right inferior deep cervical", "Right supraclavicular" ]
The supraclavicular lymph node on the left side is associated with the thoracic duct. The thoracic duct receives lymph from below the diaphragm, including the gastrointestinal tract. Malignant cells that travel up the thoracic duct are known to involve the left supraclavicular lymph node.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_27348
The sample taken below is sent for biochemical analysis in?
[ "Hydrochloric acid", "Phenol", "Formalin", "Fluoride" ]
The sample taken in image is Vitreous sample . A preservative Potassium/sodium fluoride 0.5-2%w/v is used for Collecting vitreous humour sample for ethanol analysis in postmoem toxicology cases.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47232
Parachute reflex disappear at –
[ "3 months", "6 months", "9 months", "Never" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_41381
All are complications of hydatid cyst in the liver except-
[ "Jaundice", "Suppuration", "Cirrhosis", "Rupture" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13216
A female patient w ith signs of meningitis and CSF showing gram positive cocobacilli, which isshowing characteristic tumbling motility.Diagnosis is -
[ "Listeria", "Meningococcus", "H.influenzae", "Pneumococcus" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Listeria o Information in this question areGram positiveCocobacilliTumbling motilityo Listeria is gram positive coccobacilli and shows characteristic tumbiling motility when grown at 25degC.o Other options can easily be excludes as no one has tumbling motility (charactristic of Listeria) and no one is...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_41863
Drug used in AV Block a) Isoprenaline b) Dopamine c) Astropine d) Disopyramide e) Propranolol
[ "ac", "ad", "bd", "cd" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14489
When a person moves from a supine position to a standing position, which of the following compensatory changes occurs?
[ "Decreased hea rate", "Increased contractility", "Decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR)", "Decreased cardiac output" ]
When a person moves to a standing position, blood pools in the leg veins, causing decreased venous return to the hea, decreased cardiac output, and decreased aerial pressure. The baroreceptors detect the decrease in aerial pressure, and the vasomotor center is activated to increase sympathetic outflow and decrease para...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_36597
Munson's sign is seen in:
[ "Keratoconus", "Keratoglobus", "Microcornea", "All" ]
Ans. Keratoconus
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32201
Mild hemolytic anaemia is associated with vitamin deficiency-
[ "B6", "E", "A", "C" ]
Vitamin E acts as antioxidants that serve to scavenge free radicals formed in redox reactions throughout the body. Vitamin-E deficient erythrocytes are more susceptible to oxidative stress and have a shorter half-life in the circulating blood.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44483
A child draws circle at –
[ "12 months", "24 months", "30 months", "36 months" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_45562
Cardinal feature of antisocial personality
[ "Violation of rules of society", "Attention - seeking behavior", "Unstable interpersonal relationship", "Grandiose behavior" ]
These traits include callous unconcern for the feelings of others, gross and persistent attitude of irresponsibility and disregard for social norms, rules and obligations, incapacity to maintain enduring relationships, very low tolerance to frustration and a low threshold for discharge of aggression, incapacity to expe...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31832
In relation to Ethylene glycol poisoning
[ "It may present with an acute ascending motor and sensory neuropathy", "A normal anion gap acidosis is usually seen", "Alcohol dehydrogenase catabolises the metabolism of EG into metabolites including oxalate and glycolic acid", "Haemodialysis is not effective" ]
Ethylene Glycol poisoning presents in three phases depending on timing: initially (30-60 minutes) after ingestion acute intoxication occurs. This may also result in excitatory symptoms, cerebral oedema, convulsions and coma. The second phase occurs at 12-18 hours with predominantly cardiovascular effects including dysr...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29825
Pulmonary Plethora is seen in -
[ "TOF", "TAPVC", "CoA", "Tricuspid Atresia" ]
Pulmonary plethora It is a term used to describe the appearances of increased pulmonary perfusion on chest radiographs. It may occur in several situations : Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVC) Left-to-right cardiac shunts (e.g. ASD, VSD, PDA) Truncus Aeriosus Vein of Galen Malformation Transposition of the ...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_45576
Autoantigen is -
[ "Blood group antigen", "Forssman antigen", "Both", "None" ]
Sequesterd antigen that are not normally found free in ciculation or tissue fluids such as eye lens protien Ref: Ananthanarayan & Panikers textbook of microbiology 9th edition pg:89
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43178
Which of the following methods for assessment of female infertility during a menstrual cycle can best predict timing of ovulation:
[ "BBT", "Fern Test", "Spinnbarkeit Phenomenon", "Hormonal Study" ]
Ans. is d, i.e. Hormonal studyRef: Leon Speroff 8th/ed, pi 161-4; Dutta Gynae 5th/ed, p228LH Surge"Evaluation of ovulation is an important part of any female fertility investigation. All of the different methods are useful and no one method is necessarily best. When circumstances require accurate prediction of ovulatio...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54529
Ethmoidal sinus opens into which of the following
[ "Hiatus semilunaris", "Middle meatus", "Superior meatus", "All of the above" ]
The anterior ethmoidal air sinus is opened into the anterior pa of the hiatus semilunaris The middle ethmoidal air sinus is opened into the middle meatus of the nose The posterior ethmoidal air sinus is opened into the superior meatus of the nose <img src=" /> Ref BDC volume 3,6th edition pg 246
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_23453
Which of the following is a secondary cutaneous diseases?
[ "Ichthyosis", "Psoriasis", "Lichen planus", "Reiter's disease" ]
The skin involvement is secondary in Reiter's disease which is primarily characterised by ahritis, urethritis and uveitis. While psoriasis, lichen planus and icthyosis exhibit dermatological manifestations as their primary clinical features. Ref: Harrison's Textbook of Internal Medicine, 17th Edition, Page 2174; Inheri...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_26395
Trisomy 13 is:
[ "Patau syndrome", "Edward syndrome", "Down syndrome", "Di George syndrome" ]
a. Patau syndrome(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 590, Ghai 8/e p 641)Important features of Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome)"CMC DOCTOR OPD"C: Cutis aplasiaD: DeafnessO: Others (Renal abnormalities)M: Microphthalmia, MicrocephalyO: Ocular hypotelorismP: PolydactylyC: Congenital Heart diseasesC: Cleft lip & cleft palateD: Developmental...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50482
Maximum potassium ions secretion is seen in which of the following secretion?
[ "Saliva", "Gastric secretions", "Jejunal secretions", "Colonic secretions" ]
Saliva contains large quantity of potassium and bicarbonate ions. The concentration of potassium ion is about 30 mEq/L, seven times as great as in plasma. The concentration of potassium is gastric secretions is relatively low. Colon secretes only a small amount of potassium. Ref: Guyton, 11th Ed Page 794
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21709
GABA transmission is facilitated by
[ "Vigabatrin", "Carbazepine", "Phenytoin", "Buspirone" ]
GABAergic transmission refers to activation ofGABA receptors and release of GABA by endogenous or pharmacological modulators. g-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13206
Which of the following inhibits the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
[ "Citrate", "Glucagon", "High-carbohydrate, low-fat diet", "Insulin" ]
The key thing to remember here is that acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of fatty acid synthesis. If you got that far, you could have figured out which of the choices would inhibit the synthesis of fatty acids. Ceainly glucagon, a catabolic hormone released in response to low blood gluco...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_36036
Lung Carcinoma is most commonly associated with: March 2005
[ "Silicosis", "Asbestosis", "Coal dust", "Beryllium" ]
Ans. B: Asbestosis Cigarette smoking is the most impoant cause of lung cancer. About 90% of lung cancers arise due to tobacco use. Other causes of lung cancer include the following: Passive smoking, or secondhand smoke, presents another risk for lung cancer. Air pollution from motor vehicles, factories, and other sourc...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_23649
Which of these statements is false for Erytherma marginatum :
[ "Lesions are serpiginous", "Characteristically it is an evanescent", "Rash worsens on application of hea", "Rash is itchy" ]
D i.e. Rash is itchy These rashes in Erythema marginatum are transient, migrating from place to place, non-pruritic, not indurated and blanch on pressure. Q Erythema Marginaturn It is one of the major criteria for diagnosis of rheumatic fever - Extermely rare in Indians It is an evanescent macualar eruption with rounde...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50104
Which of the following is not a pneumatic bone:
[ "Ethmoid", "Sphenoid", "Maxillary", "Mandible" ]
Pneumatic bones are those bones which contain an air filled cavity within them which make them light in weight. In humans, they are seen in relation to nasal cavity & enclose paranasal sinuses. Besides making the skull light in weight they also help in resonance of sound & act as air conditioning chambers for inspired ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47299
Ketamine contraindicated in all except?
[ "Head injury", "Hypeension", "Asthma", "Glaucoma" ]
Ans. is `c' i.e., Asthma Ketamine increases cerebral blood flow, metabolism, oxygen consumption and intracranial tension, unlike thiopentone, propofol&etomidate, which have cerebroprotectiveeffect, therefore ketamine is contraindicated in head injury, intracranial space occupying lesions and for neuroanaesthesia. Cereb...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38008
Inhalational agent of choice for induction in children is
[ "Desflurane", "Sevoflurane", "Isoflurane", "Halothane" ]
Desflurane has the lowest blood partition co-efficient and hence it is the fastest inducing agent. But it can lead to coughing & bronchospasm on inhalation. Therefore Sevoflurane is the inhalational agent of choice for induction in children.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38372
To be defined as a ganglioside, a lipid substance isolated from nervous tissue must contain in its structure
[ "N-Acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), hexoses, sphingosine, long chain fatty acid", "NANA, a hexoses, a fatty acid, sphingosine, phosphorylcholine", "NANA, Phingosine, ethanolamine", "NANA, hexoses, fatty acid, glycerol" ]
Gangliosides They are formed when ceramide oligo-saccharides have at least one molecule of NANA (N-acetyl neuraminic acid) (sialic acid) attached to them. Ceramide--Glucose--galactose--NANA; this is designated as GM3 (ganglioside M3). Gangliosides contribute to the stability of paranodal junctions and ion channel clust...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38574
Arrange the following drugs according to increasing volume of distribution. 1. Haloperidol 2. Gentamicin 3. Heparin 4. Chloroquine
[ "3-2-4-1", "3-2-1-4", "2-3-4-1", "2-1-3-4" ]
* Chloroquine has highest volume of distribution. It is concentrated in liver and retina. * Heparin is high molecular weight compound and thus not able to cross most membranes. It has low Vd. * Gentamicin again cannot cross many membranes because of polar nature and thus has low Vd. * Haloperidol is a drug working in C...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16012
A 40 year old farmer with a history of recurrent attacks of porphyria complains of itching when exposes to the sun and maculopapular rash on sun exposed areas, his symptoms are exaggerated in the summer. The diagnosis is –
[ "Seborrheic dermatitis", "Contact dermatitis", "Psoriasis", "Porphyria cutanea tarda" ]
This farmer has :- Porphyria Skin manifestations (Photosensitivity) No neuropsychiatric manifestations Porphyrias with only skin manifestations are porphyria cutanea tarda, erythropoietic protoporphyria, congenital erythropoietic porphyria.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28124
Implantation occurs after:
[ "5-6 days", "7-8 days", "8-10 days", "10-12 days" ]
Ans. (a) 5-6 daysRef: D.C. Dutta 8th ed. / 25, 8th ed. 25* Dutta in 8th ed. states that Implantation occurs in the endometrium of the anterior or posterior wall of the body near the funduson 6th day, which corresponds to 20th day of a regular normal cycle.* Implantation occurs through 4 stages: Apposition, Adhesion, Pe...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_6385
Sudden withdrawal of which of the following drugs could result in serious adverse cardiovascular changes in a patient taking the drug over a long time:
[ "Phenelzine (MAO inhibitor)", "Enalapril (ACE inhibitor)", "Clonidine (α2 agonist)", "Fluoxetine (serotonin reuptake inhibitor)" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22091
Verapamil is contraindicated in
[ "Hypertension", "Complete heart block", "Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia", "Angina pectoris" ]
Ans. b (Complete heart block). (Ref. KDT, Pharmacology, 4th ed., 530)# VERAPAMIL can accentuate conduction defects, hence contraindicated in II and III degree AV blocks and precipitates congestive heart failure in patients with pre-existing disease.# Cardiac arrest can occur in patients with sick sinus syndrome.CALCIUM...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_19813
Randomized controlled trials are all except:
[ "Clinical trials.", "Preventive trials.", "Before and after comparison studies.", "Evaluation of health services." ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12616
Which muscle is responsible for abduction of vocal cord, in the given diagram
[ "A", "B", "C", "D" ]
A - Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle. B - Inter arytenoid muscle C - Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle D - Cricothyroid muscle
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_27015
Male breast cancer wrong statement-
[ "Brca2 seen in 6% cases", "Lobular carcinoma is common", "DUCTAL carcimoma is most common subtype", "Colloid carcinoma can be seen" ]
Ans. (b) Lobular carcinoma is common(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 1054)From 4% to 14% of cases in males are attributed to germline BRCA2 mutations -OPTION A IS TRUEStructure of the male breast does not have lobules and acini, lobular carcinoma cases are seen infrequently- OPTION B IS FALSEMost common breast cancer in male is du...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8563
Chromosomes are formed during which phase of cell cycle
[ "G1", "S", "G2", "M" ]
Though the DNA is synthesized during the S phase of cell cycle, but the condensation of chromatin fibers into Chromosomes happens during metaphase of Mitosis phase (M) of cell cycle. Hence, if question ask about which phase of cell cycle for DNA synthesis, the answer is S phase. If asked about the chromosome formation,...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46942
Osteomas, adenomatous polyps of intestine & periampullary carcinomas are seen in ?
[ "Cowden syndrome", "Peutz Jegers syndrome", "FAP", "Gardener syndrome" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Gardener syndromeGardner syndrome includes adenomatous polyps of the gastrointestinal tract, desmoid tumours, osteomas, epidermoid cysts, lipomas, dental abnormalities and periampullary carcinomaso It is an autosomal dominant form of polyposis characterized by the presence of multiple polyps in the co...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14620
Hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis all are true except?
[ "Parathormone level is increased", "PTHrP level is increased", "Calcitriol level is increased", "Oral steroids are useful" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Parathormone level is increased Calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis* Extrarenal synthesis ofcalcitriol is central to the pathogenesis of abnormal calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis.* Sarcoidosis causes an increase in 1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D, the active metabolite of vitamin D, which is usually hydroxyl...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32530
A patient of glaucoma with bronchial asthma presents to the emergency with status asthmaticus, causative agent might have been –
[ "Pilocarpine eye drop", "Timolol eye drop", "Betaxolol eye drop", "Levobunolol eye drop" ]
Pilocarpine and timolol (β - blockers) can cause bronchospasm. However, β-blockers are the most commonly used drugs for POAG and pilocarpine is used very rarely these days. So, best answer here is timolol.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_18004
Hydatid cyst is commonly found in: September 2005
[ "Lungs", "Liver", "Kidney", "Brain" ]
Ans. B: LiverHydatid disease is a parasitic infestation by a tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus.Human echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus. Of the 4 known species of Echinococcus, 3 are of medical impoance in humans. These are Echinococcus granulosus, causing cystic ec...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_45743
Agranular endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of
[ "Protien", "Lipid", "Carbohydrate", "Vitamin D" ]
Agranular Endoplasmic reticulum is also called smooth Endoplasmic reticulum. It is the site of steroid synthesis and detoxification. Granular is involved in protein synthesis.(REF: Ganong&;s Review of medical physiology)
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49974
Drainage of venous blood from testes following division of testicular vein for treatment of varicocele is by: March 2009
[ "Cremasteric vein", "Dorsal vein of penis", "Internal pudendal vein", "Pampiniform plexus" ]
Ans. A: Cremasteric veinVaricocelectomy, the surgical correction of a varicocele, is performed on an outpatient basis.The three most common approaches are inguinal (groin), retroperitoneal (abdominal), and infrainguinal/subinguinal (below the groin).Possible complications of this procedure include hematoma (bleeding in...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50779
Sister Mary Joseph nodule is most commonly seen with: March 2011
[ "Ovarian cancer", "Stomach cancer", "Colon cancer", "Pancreatic cancer" ]
Ans. B: Stomach cancer Gastric tumour may spread the abdominal cavity to the umbilicus (Sister Joseph's nodule) Sister May Joseph's nodule: Periumbilical nodule/ hard mass Represents metastatin involvement of the paraumbilical nodes from intrapelvic or intraabdominal malignancies Seen with: - Stomach - Large bowel - Ov...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_4004
The incidence of breech at term is NOT RELATED-GYN
[ "1%", "3%", "99.50%", "0.50%" ]
Researchers generally site a breech presentation frequency at term of 3-4%. at the onset of labour though some claim a frequency as high as 7%.). the incidence is about 20 % at 28 wks which drops to 3-4% at term.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33156
Cirrhosis of liver with poal hypeension occurs in all except:
[ "Cystic fibrosis", "Alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency", "Wilson's disease", "Schistosomiasis" ]
Schistosomiasis can lead to Poal HTN but not cirrhosis. Wilson's disease is an inherited disorder of copper homeostasis with failure to excrete excess amounts of copper, leading to its accumulation in the liver and resultant cirrhosis. Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency results from an inherited disorder that causes abnorm...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21052
The difference between gram +ve and gram -ye organism is the gram -ve organism contains:
[ "Teichoic acid", "Muramic acid", "N-acetyl neuraminic acid", "Aromatic amino acids" ]
Ans. (d) Aromatic amino acids Ref. Ananthanarayan Cell Wall Features Gram positive Gram negative bacteria Plasmolysis Thickness (Peptidoglycan) Variety of amino acids Aromatic and sulphur containing amino acids Lipids Teichoic acid Late Thicker Few Absent Absent or scant Present Early Thinner Several Present Present Ab...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28872
Asbsestosis is associated with which cancer:
[ "Lung cancer", "Liver cancer", "Colon cancer", "Stomach cancer" ]
Ans. (a) Lung cancerRef: K. Park 23rd ed. / 807* Asbestosis occurs due to long duration (>10 years) exposure to asbestos.* This may lead to pulmonary fibrosis, carcinoma of bronchus, mesothelioma of pleura/peritoneum and GIT cancer.Other Important Occupational CancerAgentAssociated CancerAsbestosisArsenicBenzeneBenzidi...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_11752
In DNA, adenine always pairs with -
[ "Guanine", "Cytosine", "Thymine", "Uracil" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Thymineo DNA is the repository of genetic information,o DNA is located in nucleus.o DNA is also present in mitochondria (but less than 0.1% of the total DNA).o Most accepted model for DNA structure is "Watson and Crick" modelQ,o Which was proposed by W atson and Crick in 1953Q.o DNA is a double-strand...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46093
Which of the following drug increase activity, of warfarin-
[ "OCP", "Erythromycin", "Griseofulvin", "Phenytoin" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Erythromycin
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_45801
Which of the following clotting factors are common in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathway:
[ "Factor 5,9,10.", "Factor 5,10.", "Factor 5,9,10,11.", "None." ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_11096
Dubin Johnson syndrome characteristically makes the liver:
[ "Black", "Blue", "Red", "White" ]
This rare autosomal recessive condition, characterized by conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, with normal liver transaminases, a unique pattern of urinary excretion of heme metabolites (coproporphyrin) and the deposition of a pigment, that gives liver a characteristic black color.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16950
Variable portion of antibody molecule is -
[ "C-Terminal", "N-Terminal", "CHO moiety", "None" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32708
Anterior uveitis in hypeensive patient, Drug of choice is to decrease the 10P
[ "Lanatoprost", "Pilocarpine", "Epinephrine", "Timolol" ]
D i.e. TimololIn inflammatory glaucomas (e.g. hypeensive uveitis as Fuchs uveitis syndrome & Posner-Schlossman syndrome also k/a glaucomatocyclitic crisis) the following drugs should be avoided.1. Prostaglandin analogues e.g. latanoprost Q breakdown the blood aqueous barrier and may exacerbate cystoid macular oedema2. ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_15822
A child is presenting with erythmatous follicular papules on trunk. There are areas of normal skin within the lesions. There is thickening of Palms & soles. This child is suffering from –
[ "Pityriasis rosea", "Pityriasis rubra pilaris", "Psoriasis", "Seborrheic dermatitis" ]
Clues are :- Erythmatous follicular papules Involvement of trunk Thickening of Palm and soles (Palmo-Planter keratoderma) The most important one is presence of normal skin within the lesions Diagnosis is nothing other than pityriasis rubra pylaris.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_45872
Females have low RBC count compared to males of same age group due to?
[ "Menstrual blood loss", "Testosterone promotes erythropoiesis", "Both of the above", "Low thyroxine levels" ]
ANSWER: (C) Both of the aboveREF: With textRepeat from December 2010Repeat (**)"In prepubertal humans no major differences can be found between the sexes in RBC count and hemoglobin or serum ferritin concentrations. Only after the onset of menstruation does a difference emerges due to loss of blood in menstruation" (RE...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33808
True about oral polio vaccine -
[ "Poliomyelitis in recipients", "Poliomyelitis not seen in contact of recipient", "Guillein Bare syndrome", "Vomiting and fever" ]
<p>OPV/ Sabin vaccine Live attenuated . Contains type 1,2 and 3 viruses grown in primary monkey kidney/human diploid cell culture. Administration:- WHO programme on immunisation (EPI) and the national immunisation program in India recommend a primary course of 3 doses of vaccine with 1 month interval commencing at 6 we...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_4199
French in Foley's Catheter refers to
[ "Outer circumference measurement", "Inner circumference measurement", "Diameter of catheter", "Lumen size" ]
Ans. (c) Diameter of catheterRef Internet Sources, Wikipedia* The French scale or French gauge system (most correctly abbreviated as Fr, but also often abbreviated as FR or F) is commonly used to measure the size (diameter) of a catheter.* 1Fr=0.33mm, and therefore, the diameter of the catheter in millimeters can be de...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39156
The hypothalamus produces several releasing peptides. Which releasing peptide is responsible for the release of adrenocoicotropin (ACTH) from the pituitary?
[ "CRF (coicotropin releasing factor)", "ACF (ACTH releasing factor)", "Coicosterone", "Coisol" ]
Coicotropin releasing factor (CRF) released from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is responsible for release of ACTH. The cell type within the paraventricular nucleus is termed the parvicellular or small neurons. These neurons project their axons into the tuberohypophyseal tract to be released into the hypothal...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35495
Lesions of lateral cerebellum causes all of the following, EXCEPT
[ "Incoordination", "Ataxia", "Intention tremor", "None of the above" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39328
A 50 year old male patient complains of pain in back and legs. On routine investigations, it is found that he is anemic and his ESR is also raised. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis for this patient?
[ "Sickle cell anemia", "Polycythemia", "Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia", "Multiple myeloma" ]
Clinical findings stem mainly from: The effects of plasma cells on the skeleton. The production of excessive immunoglobulins, which often have abnormal physicochemical properties. The suppression of humoral immunity. Bone resorption often leads to pathologic fractures and chronic pain. The attendant hypercalcemia can...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8996
Which of the following statement on microalbuminuria is not true?
[ "Cannot be detected by routine lab tests", "Urine protein less than 30-299 pg/day is called microalbuminuria", "Microalbuminuria is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients", "Microalbuminuria is the earliest marker of diabetic nephropathy." ]
The significance of microalbuminuria: Microalbuminuria is the finding of albumin in the urine not detectable by the urine dipstick which is sensitive to protein concentration > 1gm%. It precedes the decline in GFR and indicates the presence of renal and cardiovascular complications. Annual screening for microalbuminuri...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_42716
In pseudocholinesterase deficiency, a drug to be used cautiously is -
[ "Barbiturate", "Succinylcholine", "Halothane", "Galiamine" ]
Ans: B
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7013
None Not seen in alpha helix ?
[ "Alanine", "Leucine", "Proline", "Isoleucine" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Proline Proline is never found in a-helix as it has imino group (-NH) not amino (-N112).Thus it cannot provide hydrogen for hydrogen bonding, the major stabilizing force of a-helix.Glycine also tends to disrupt a-helix; because of its high flexibility and small size it often induces bends in a-helix.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7772
Which of the following is a mode of primary prevention?
[ "Administration of vit A in children", "Treating a sputum + ive case of TB", "Splinting a fractured leg", "Providing wheel chair for the limbless" ]
Here the vitamin A administration removes the risk factor. Hence it is a primary prevension strategy.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_15360
Structure superficial to mylohyoid in anterior digastric triangle are all EXCEPT:
[ "Deep pa of submandibular gland", "Hypoglossal nerve", "Pa of parotid gland", "Mylohyoid aery & nerve" ]
Deep pa of submandibular gland & hypoglossal neve are deep to mylohyoid muscle. Structures passing superficial to mylohyoid in anterior pa of digastric triangle are submandibular gland (superficial pa), facial vein, facial aery, mylohyoid nerve & vessels, hypoglossal nerve & submandibular nodes.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5607
Scalds are produced by
[ "Dry heat", "Moist heat", "Severe burns", "All" ]
118. Ans. b (Moist heat) (Ref. Parikh, FMT, 5th ed. 343)SCALD# A scald is an injury resulting from moist heat or from application of liquid at or near boiling point.# Only superficial layers of skin are affected.# Skin becomes swollen and bleached.# Blister formation may be a important feature.ELECTRIC BURNS# Low volta...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30127
Karyotyping of the foetus may be done from all of the following except -
[ "Lymphocyte", "Monocyte", "Amniocyte", "Fibroblast" ]
Although human chromosome may be visualized (karyotyping) in any growing tissue such as bone marrow, skin, fibroblast, amniotic fluid cells or chorionic villus; they are most conveniently studied in peripheral blood lymphocytes.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35053
HLA allele associated with Graves disease is
[ "DR4", "B27", "B8", "DQ8" ]
Disease HLA Allele Rheumatoid ahritis DR4 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus DR3/DR4` Multiple sclerosis, Goodpasture's DR2 Systemic lupus erythematosus DR2/DR3 Ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis,inflammatory bowel disease, reactiveahritis B27 Celiac disease DQ2 or DQ8 Graves disease B8 Ref : Ananthanarayana textbook o...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30821
In myasthenia gravis, antibodies are present against: September 2012
[ "Muscarinic receptor proteins", "Nicotinic receptor proteins", "Protein actin", "Protein myosin" ]
Ans. B i.e. Nicotinic receptor proteins Myasthenia gravis It is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigability. It is an autoimmune disorder, in which weakness is caused by circulating antibodies that block acetylcholine receptors at the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction, ...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_18072
Which of the following is pruritic:
[ "Lichen planus", "Psoriasis", "Icthyosis", "Secondary syphilis" ]
A. i.e. Lichen planus
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30808
Dengue hemorrhagic fever is caused by:
[ "Type 1 dengue virus", "Reinfection with same serotype of dengue virus", "Reinfection with a different serotype of dengue virus", "Infection in an immunocompromised host" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Reinfection with a different serotype of dengue virusDengue hemorrhagic fever is a most severe manifestation of the disease. The initial classic phase of dengue hemorrhagic fever is similar to that of dengue fever and other febrile viral illnesses. But, subsequently, the condition of the patient sudde...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46089
Genital warts are most commonly caused by which of the following serotypes of V ?
[ "HPV 6", "HPV 16", "HPV 18", "HPV 33" ]
Genital warts (anogenital warts or condyloma acuminata) is most commonly caused by low risk HPV i.e. HPV-6, 11. Other HPV causing genital warts are high risk HPV, i.e. HPV-16,18, 31, 33, 45.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33332
Which cerebellar component would be abnormal in a degenerative disease that affected spinal sensory neurons?
[ "Purkinje cells", "Mossy fibers", "Parallel fibers", "Climbing fibers" ]
Ans. B. Mossy fibersSpinal input, such as from the spinocerebellar tracts, enters the cerebellum on the mossy fibers. The climbing fibers originate from the inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla (the olivo-cerebellar tract). The other components are intrinsic to the cerebellum.Diagram of neural connections in the cer...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_15000
Ilio-Pectineal line is used to determine difference in ?
[ "Sex", "Race", "Age", "None of the above" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sex Ilio-Pectineal line is helpful in differentiating the sex of pelvis. In males it is rough, well marked and less veical while in females it is smooth, rounded and more veical.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21122
The most commonly practiced operative procedure for a perforated duodenal ulcer is -
[ "Vagotomy and pyloroplasty", "Vagotomy and antrectomy", "Vagotomy and perforation closure", "Graham's omentum patch repair" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Graham's omentum patch repair
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_18170
A surgeon entering the abdominal cavity through the abdominal wall will take care to avoid injury to the vessels and nerves within the wall. The main poion of these vessels and nerves will be found immediately deep to which of the following
[ "Skin", "External abdominal oblique muscle", "Superficial fascia", "Internal abdominal oblique muscle" ]
The main course of the intercostal vessels and nerves is deep to the internal abdominal oblique muscle in the neurovascular plane. The anterior abdominal wall is composed of three paired flat muscles that, in general, arise from bony structures posteriorly and whose fibrous aponeuroses form the rectus sheath and meet t...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7660
The most common pulmonary manifestation of SLE is:
[ "Pleuritis", "Pleural effusion", "Pulmonary hypeension", "ILD" ]
SLE The most common pulmonary manifestation is pleuritis with or without pleural effusion. Pulmonary infiltrates also occur as a manifestation of active SLE Serious manifestations are: Interstitial inflammation leading to fibrosis Shrinking lung syndrome Intra-alveolar hemorrhage Ref: Harrison, E-18, P-2731.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16340
Most common glial tumor -
[ "EpendYmomas", "Astrocytoma", "Meningioma", "Neurofibroma" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Astrocytoma o Most common glial tumor Astrocytoma o Most common meningeal tumor Meningioma
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7984
Carbamoyl phosphate is used in-
[ "Urea", "Uric acid", "Pyruvic acid", "Stearic acid" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Urea o Carbamoyl phosphate is used in the synthesis of urea (urea cycle).Aspartate - NH. (or NH4+) + CO, + H,0 + 3 ATP - Fumarate + Urea + 2 ADP + 2Pi + AMP + PPio Kidney and intestine contribute to most of body arginine because they posses all the urea cycle enzymes except arginase.o Brain can synthe...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28888
Which of the following is the investigation of choice in cholestasis of pregnancy?
[ "Serum bilirubin levels", "Serum bile acids levels", "Serum alkaline phosphatase levels", "Serum glutathiones transferase levels" ]
In patients with cholestasis of pregnancy the levels of serum bile acids are elevated 30-100 times the upper limit of normal. Levels of AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase are only mildly elevated. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: The major risk factors for IHCP include multiparity, advanced maternal age, family hi...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39973
Posterior wall of axilla is formed by
[ "Pectoralis major", "Pectoralis major", "Subscapularis", "Intercostal muscles" ]
Axilla (armpit)The axilla is apyramidal space situated between the upper pa of the arm and the chest wall. It resembles afour sided pyramid, and has following : (i) an apex (ii) a base (iii) four walls (anterior, posterior, medial and lateral).Anterior (pectoral) wall :- Formed by (i) Pectoralis major, (ii) Pectoralis ...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54775
Strabismic amblyopia is more common in patients with:
[ "Intermittent squint", "Alternate squint", "Constant squint", "Latent squint" ]
Paralytic Squint (Incomitant): * Due to complete or paial palsy of one of the nerves t at supp y * . * Here, the angle of direction of gaze, being maximal in the direction of action of the weak muscle. Eg.: - Oculomotor Palsy -> - Abducens Palsy - Trochlear Palsy Latent Strabismus / tga.Ua o It is a condition in which ...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29248
Gemfibrozil/produces hypolipidemic action by?
[ "Increasing activity of lipoprotein lipase", "Decreased production of VLDL", "Increase LDL receptors on hepatocytes", "Increased conversion of cholesterol to bile acids" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Increasing activity of lipoprotein lipase
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21212
Prostaglandin inhibiting action of aspirin is useful in the treatment of all of the following conditions, EXCEPT :
[ "Analgesia and antipyresis", "Closure of ductus arteriosus", "Uricosuria", "Antiinflammatory and anti platelet aggregation" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38521
All of the following muscles are supplied by accessory nerve except
[ "Palatopharyngeus", "Stylopharyngeus", "Palatoglossus", "Musculus uvulae" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20545
Z track technique is used for
[ "Monitoring of lithium therapy", "Monitoring of carbamazepine therapy", "Administration of long acting depot antipsychotics", "Administration of nicotine patches" ]
Ans. (C) Administration of long acting depot antipsychotics(Ref: Kaplan and Sadock's Concise Text book of Clinical Psychiatry 11th Ed; Page No- 873)Guidelines for Administration of Long Acting Antipsychotic Depot Injections (LAAI)LAAIs are given to patient with psychosis or mania who have poor compliance to oral treatm...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14627
If amphotericin B is administered, the patient should be premedicated with :
[ "Diphenhydramine", "Ibuprofen", "Prednisone", "Any of the above" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22971
In corrosive acid case is opened along:
[ "Lesser curvature", "Greater curvature", "Veical", "Pylorus" ]
In corrosive acid poisoning, it is open along the greater curvature. Toxic substances may be held in high concentrations in the rugae and crypts of the mucosa in the actual stomach wall. The pathway of acids and alkalis in food-filled stomach stas along the lesser curvature of the stomach and leads to the pylorus, whic...
B
null