dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_10857 | What is the term for anything that can cause cancer? | [
"carcinogen",
"contaminate",
"contamination",
"chemical"
] | A carcinogen is anything that can cause cancer. Cancer is a disease in which cells divide out of control. Most carcinogens cause cancer by producing mutations in DNA. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4624 | Splitting of the nucleus of a radioactive atom into two smaller nuclei yields what type of reaction, which releases a great deal of energy from a small amount of matter? | [
"nucleation",
"nuclear fission",
"nuclear fusion",
"solar fission"
] | Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of a radioactive atom into two smaller nuclei. This type of reaction releases a great deal of energy from a very small amount of matter. Fission of a tiny pellet of radioactive uranium-235, like the one pictured in the Figure below , releases as much energy as burning 1,0... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_794 | When energy is captured or transformed, it inevitably degrades and becomes what less useful form of energy? | [
"motion",
"chemical",
"temperature",
"heat"
] | Physics also tells us that, although energy can be captured or transformed, it inevitably degrades, becoming heat, a less useful form of energy. This is why organisms require a constant input of energy; the work they must do uses up the energy they take in. Energy, unlike materials, cannot be recycled. The story of lif... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4696 | Most motions in nature follow ________ rather than straight lines? | [
"curved paths",
"vertical paths",
"horizontal paths",
"sharp paths"
] | Introduction to Two-Dimensional Kinematics The arc of a basketball, the orbit of a satellite, a bicycle rounding a curve, a swimmer diving into a pool, blood gushing out of a wound, and a puppy chasing its tail are but a few examples of motions along curved paths. In fact, most motions in nature follow curved paths rat... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2310 | All of the stages that a cell goes through make up what? | [
"glycolysis",
"cytokineses",
"photosynthesis",
"the cell cycle"
] | Cell division is just one of the stages that a cell goes through during its lifetime. All of the stages that a cell goes through make up the cell cycle . | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4688 | What item lost by diffusion and in the urine are replenished by eating? | [
"protein",
"yeast",
"sugar",
"salt"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_7943 | What are the specialized cells within the brain called? | [
"protons",
"ions",
"electrons",
"neurons"
] | Figure 3.9 (a) A typical human brain weighs about 1.5 kg and occupies a volume of roughly 1.1 L. (b) Information is transmitted in brain tissue and throughout the central nervous system by specialized cells called neurons (micrograph shows cells at 1600× magnification). Specialized cells called neurons transmit informa... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4720 | What is indicated by the ratio of the output force to the input force in a machine? | [
"mechanical advantage",
"momentum",
"magnetic force",
"man hours"
] | The mechanical advantage of a machine is the factor by which the machine changes the input force. It equals the ratio of the output force to the input force. A wheel and axle may either increase or decrease the input force, depending on whether the input force is applied to the axle or the wheel. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6957 | What does antifreeze do to the freezing temperature of the water in car radiators? | [
"raises it",
"foresees it",
"keeps it constant",
"lowers it"
] | Flickr:EvelynGiggles. Antifreeze lowers the freezing temperature of the water in car radiators . CC BY 2.0. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_139 | What are living things that obtain glucose by eating self feeders called? | [
"viruses",
"heterotrophs",
"producers",
"chimeras"
] | Types of organisms that make glucose by photosynthesis are pictured in Figure below . They include plants, plant-like protists such as algae, and some kinds of bacteria. Living things that make glucose are called autotrophs ("self feeders"). All other living things obtain glucose by eating autotrophs (or organisms that... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6711 | Solutions of ionic compounds and melted ionic compounds conduct what? | [
"light",
"radiation",
"sound waves",
"electricity"
] | Solutions of ionic compounds and melted ionic compounds conduct electricity, but solid materials do not. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10004 | What must be overcome to change the motion of an object? | [
"weight",
"inertia",
"density",
"pressure"
] | To change the motion of an object, inertia must be overcome by an unbalanced force acting on the object. Until the soccer player kicks the ball in Figure below , the ball remains motionless on the ground. However, when the ball is kicked, the force on it is suddenly unbalanced. The ball starts moving across the field b... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4908 | What is used by sensitive systems to detect even low levels of radiation? | [
"ions",
"crystals",
"electrons",
"radars"
] | Measurement of exposure to radioactivity is important for anyone who deals with radioactive materials on a regular basis. Perhaps the simplest device is a personal dosimeter – a film badge that will fog up when exposed to radiation. The amount of fogging is proportional to the amount of radiation present. These devices... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9466 | What elements do water and hydrogen peroxide consist of? | [
"hydrogen and helium",
"calcium and oxygen",
"hydrogen and oxygen",
"carbon and oxygen"
] | Look at the Figure below of water (H 2 O) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and read about these two compounds. Both compounds consist of hydrogen and oxygen, but they have different ratios of the two elements. As a result, water and hydrogen peroxide are different compounds with different properties. If you’ve ever us... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7004 | Crevasses are found in glaciers. how do these come about? | [
"rigidity",
"man made",
"god",
"from movement"
] | Crevasses in a glacier are the result of movement. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_570 | All matter is composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. all atoms of an element are identical in mass and this? | [
"chemical properties",
"acid properties",
"liquid properties",
"electrical properties"
] | All matter is composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. All atoms of an element are identical in mass and chemical properties, whereas atoms of different elements differ in mass and fundamental chemical properties. A chemical compound is a substance that always contains the same atoms in the same ratio. In c... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8584 | A protein’s shape is determined, most fundamentally, by the sequence of what type of acids? | [
"lactic",
"amino",
"acetic",
"lipids"
] | Shape of Proteins Just as a fork cannot be used to eat soup and a spoon cannot be used to spear meat, a protein’s shape is essential to its function. A protein’s shape is determined, most fundamentally, by the sequence of amino acids of which it is made (Figure 2.26a). The sequence is called the primary structure of th... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1010 | What is it in bone marrow transplants that may cause a graft versus host reaction? | [
"cancer",
"tumors",
"lymphocytes",
"neutrophils"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_10783 | What does glycolysis generate in phase ii? | [
"atp",
"dna",
"amino acids",
"adp"
] | Steps in Glycolysis The 10 reactions of glycolysis, summarized in Figure 20.16 "Glycolysis", can be divided into two phases. In the first 5 reactions—phase I—glucose is broken down into two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. In the last five reactions—phase II—each glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into pyr... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1958 | If an abnormal cell is not prevented from dividing and it divides uncontrollably, what forms? | [
"cyst",
"edema",
"inflammation",
"tumor"
] | In panel A, an abnormal cell (2) is prevented from dividing, and the abnormal cell dies (1). In panel B, an abnormal cell is not prevented from dividing. Instead, it divides uncontrollably, leading to the formation of a tumor. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1200 | Deficiency of what is symptomized by nausea, fatigue and dizziness, and can be triggered by excessive sweating? | [
"calories",
"electrolytes",
"salts",
"impurities"
] | An alkaline battery is a variation on the zinc-carbon dry cell. The alkaline battery has no carbon rod and uses a paste of zinc metal and potassium hydroxide instead of a solid metal anode. The cathode half-reaction is the same, but the anode half-reaction is different. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8292 | In passive transport, small molecules or ions move across the cell membrane without requiring input of what? | [
"heating",
"energy",
"pressure",
"water"
] | Passive transport is a way that small molecules or ions move across the cell membrane without input of energy by the cell. The three main kinds of passive transport are diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4543 | What is responsible for many properties of covalent compounds, which have relatively low boiling points, cannot conduct electricity, and may not dissolve in water? | [
"atomic weight",
"accretion bonds",
"covalent bonds",
"ionic charge"
] | Covalent bonds are responsible for many of the properties of covalent compounds. Covalent compounds have relatively low boiling points, cannot conduct electricity, and may not dissolve in water. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_832 | What kind of bonds are forces of attraction between positive metal ions and the valence electrons that are constantly moving around them? | [
"metallic bonds",
"neutron bonds",
"liquid bonds",
"ionized bonds"
] | Metallic bonds are forces of attraction between positive metal ions and the valence electrons that are constantly moving around them (see the Figure below ). The valence electrons include their own and those of other, nearby ions of the same metal. The valence electrons of metals move freely in this way because metals ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4943 | Compounds that form from two or more nonmetallic elements are called what? | [
"valent bonds",
"hydrogen bonds",
"covalent bonds",
"ionic bonds"
] | Compounds that form from two or more nonmetallic elements, such as carbon and hydrogen, are called covalent compounds . In a covalent compound, atoms of the different elements are held together in molecules by covalent bonds. These are chemical bonds in which atoms share valence electrons. The force of attraction betwe... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1589 | The goal of proteomics is to identify or compare what substances expressed from a given genome under specific conditions, study the interactions between them, and use the information to predict cell behavior or develop drug targets? | [
"dna",
"cells",
"proteins",
"rna"
] | Basic Techniques in Protein Analysis The ultimate goal of proteomics is to identify or compare the proteins expressed from a given genome under specific conditions, study the interactions between the proteins, and use the information to predict cell behavior or develop drug targets. Just as the genome is analyzed using... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8768 | Hormones, ions, and neurotransmitters are all types of what? | [
"pathogens",
"chemical signals",
"nutrients",
"proteins"
] | The type of chemical signal a cell will send differs depending on the distance the message needs to go. For example, hormones , ions, and neurotransmitters are all types of signals that are sent depending on the distance the message needs to go. Endocrine signals are hormones, produced by endocrine organs. These signal... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9293 | What does rising air do when it reaches the top of the troposphere? | [
"cools",
"dries",
"heats",
"warms"
] | The rising air cools as it reaches the top of the troposphere. The air gets denser, so it sinks to the surface. The sinking, heavy air creates an area of high air pressure near the ground. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7186 | What type of cell division produces gametes? | [
"mitosis",
"mutations",
"meiosis",
"apoptosis"
] | Sexual reproduction involves two parents. As you can see from Figure below , in sexual reproduction, parents produce reproductive cells—called gametes —that unite to form an offspring. Gametes are haploid cells. This means they contain only half the number of chromosomes found in other cells of the organism. Gametes ar... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1677 | Which organelle is often compared to a post office, moving proteins and lipids to where they need to go? | [
"the golgi apparatus",
"the nucleus",
"the cytoplasm",
"the cell wall"
] | The Golgi apparatus is a large organelle that sends proteins and lipids where they need to go. It’s like a post office. It receives molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum. It packages and labels the molecules. Then it sends them where they are needed. Some molecules are sent to different parts of the cell. Others are... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6748 | Unlike bryophyte and fern spores (which are haploid cells dependent on moisture for rapid development of gametophytes), seeds contain a diploid embryo that will germinate into what? | [
"sporophyte",
"sperm",
"gametophyte",
"ovary"
] | Seeds and Pollen as an Evolutionary Adaptation to Dry Land Unlike bryophyte and fern spores (which are haploid cells dependent on moisture for rapid development of gametophytes), seeds contain a diploid embryo that will germinate into a sporophyte. Storage tissue to sustain growth and a protective coat give seeds their... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7454 | The risk of what is raised by overexposure to the sun? | [
"skin cancer",
"brain cancer",
"flux cancer",
"particle cancer"
] | It might be fun to lay out in the sun like these two girls are doing. But getting too much sun can be very dangerous. Overexposure to sunlight raises your risk for skin cancer. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3455 | When plant type alternates from generation to generation what is this called? | [
"change in generation",
"turbidity of generation",
"differentiation of generation",
"alternation of generation"
] | Plants alternate between diploid-cell plants and haploid-cell plants. This is called alternation of generations , because the plant type alternates from generation to generation. In alternation of generations, the plant alternates between a sporophyte that has diploid cells and a gametophyte that has haploid cells. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5311 | What is the condition in which distant objects are seen clearly, but nearby objects appear blurry? | [
"farsightedness, or hyperopia",
"gleam , or hyperopia",
"nearsightedness or hyperopia",
"synthesise , or hyperopia"
] | Farsightedness, or hyperopia, is the condition in which distant objects are seen clearly, but nearby objects appear blurry. It occurs when the eyeball is shorter than normal (see Figure below ). This causes images to be focused in a spot that would fall behind the retina (if light could pass through the retina). Hypero... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_69 | How do some animals change their depth? | [
"mass migration",
"by changing their density",
"metamorphosis",
"spontaneous mutations"
] | Some animals change their depth by changing their density. Recall that things that are denser than their surroundings sink while those that are less dense than their surroundings float. Most fish have a swim bladder, a special sac that is filled with gases from their blood. When the fish's swim bladder is full, it is l... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7442 | In order to survive and maintain what state, an organism must quickly adapt to changing environmental conditions? | [
"ketosis",
"acclimatization",
"regulation",
"homeostasis"
] | In prokaryotes, a combination of activators and repressors determines whether a gene is transcribed. As you know, prokaryotic organisms are fairly simple organisms with much less DNA. Prokaryotic genes are arranged in operons , a region of DNA with a promoter, an operator , and one or more genes that encode proteins ne... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5314 | Bacteria are often used to make cheese from what? | [
"meat",
"egg",
"milk",
"water"
] | Bacteria are often used to make cheese from milk. But making foods is not the only beneficial role of bacteria. For example, they also play an essential role in your gut!. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7006 | If no conclusion is reached after an experiment, the scientist may retest what? | [
"materials",
"conclusion",
"suggestions",
"hypothesis"
] | The scientist must next form a conclusion. The scientist must study all of the data. What statement best explains the data? Did the experiment prove the hypothesis? Sometimes an experiment shows that a hypothesis is correct. Other times the data disproves the hypothesis. Sometimes it's not possible to tell. If there is... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5545 | Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature, which means each organism is assigned what? | [
"single name",
"two-part name",
"complex name",
"simple name"
] | Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature , a way to give a scientific name to every organism. In this system, each organism receives a two-part name in which the first word is the genus (a group of species), and the second word refers to one species in that genus. For example, a coyote's species name is Canis latrans .... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1071 | Hardness, density, color, and melting and boiling points are all considered what types of properties? | [
"physical",
"visible",
"thermal",
"chemical"
] | Physical properties include color, density, hardness, and melting and boiling points. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7895 | The fetal stage begins about how long after fertilization? | [
"four months",
"one month",
"three months",
"two months"
] | The fetal stage begins about two months after fertilization and continues until birth. During this stage, organs continue to develop, and the fetus grows in size. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7884 | What cycle completes the breakdown of glucose begun in glycolysis? | [
"priebus",
"bacterium",
"krebs",
"vireos"
] | The Krebs cycle completes the breakdown of glucose begun in glycolysis. If oxygen is present, pyruvate enters the mitochondria and is converted to AcetylCoA. AcetylCoA enters the cycle by combining with 4-carbon oxaloacetate. Study the diagram to confirm that each turn of the cycle (two for each glucose) stores energy ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_910 | Short chains of two amino acids (dipeptides) or three amino acids (tripeptides) are also transported actively. however, after they enter the absorptive epithelial cells, they are broken down into their amino acids before leaving the cell and entering the capillary blood via what? | [
"absorption",
"osmosis",
"diffusion",
"convection"
] | transports an amino acid varies. Most carriers are linked to the active transport of sodium. Short chains of two amino acids (dipeptides) or three amino acids (tripeptides) are also transported actively. However, after they enter the absorptive epithelial cells, they are broken down into their amino acids before leavin... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1651 | Most ocean waves are caused by what? | [
"animals",
"gravity",
"wind",
"radiation"
] | A: Most ocean waves are caused by wind blowing across the water. Moving air molecules transfer some of their energy to molecules of ocean water. The energy travels across the surface of the water in waves. The stronger the winds are blowing, the larger the waves are and the more energy they have. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_697 | What three forces are involved in erosion? | [
"water, wind, gravity",
"water, temperature, altitude",
"heat, pressure, gravity",
"radiation, gravity, precipitation"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_4133 | What do we call scientists who study and forecast the weather? | [
"Climate predictors",
"meteorologists",
"TV hosts",
"forecasters"
] | Did you ever have a picnic ruined by a surprise rainstorm? People often complain when the weather forecast is wrong. But in fact, weather forecasts today are much more accurate than they were just 20 years ago. Scientists who study and forecast the weather are called meteorologists . How do they predict the weather?. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10014 | Momentum is directly related to both mass and? | [
"mass",
"intensity",
"speed",
"velocity"
] | This equation shows that momentum is directly related to both mass and velocity. An object has greater momentum if it has greater mass, greater velocity, or both. For example, a bowling ball has greater momentum than a softball when both are moving at the same velocity because the bowling ball has greater mass. However... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3659 | How many pairs of chromosomes are in the human genome? | [
"23",
"24",
"21",
"13"
] | The human genome has 23 pairs of chromosomes located in the nucleus of somatic cells. Each chromosome is composed of genes and other DNA wound around histones (proteins) into a tightly coiled molecule. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5872 | What is the term for when the water of the ocean slowly rises and falls? | [
"currents",
"dew",
"tides",
"waves"
] | If you’ve ever visited an ocean shore, then you know that ocean water is always moving. Waves ripple through the water, as shown in Figure below . The water slowly rises and falls because of tides. You may see signs warning of currents that flow close to shore. What causes all these ocean motions? Different types of mo... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10155 | What are biological catalysts that speeds up biochemical reactions? | [
"hormones",
"proteins",
"carbohydrates",
"enzymes"
] | This super fast train can obviously reach great speeds. And there's a lot of technology that helps this train go fast. Speaking of helping things go fast brings us to enzymes. Life could not exist without enzymes. Essentially, enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6171 | The urea cycle, a set of biochemical reactions that produces urea from ammonium ions to prevent toxicity, occurs to some extent in the kidney, but primarily in what organ? | [
"liver",
"colon",
"spleen",
"skin"
] | Urea Cycle The urea cycle is a set of biochemical reactions that produces urea from ammonium ions in order to prevent a toxic level of ammonium in the body. It occurs primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidney. Prior to the urea cycle, ammonium ions are produced from the breakdown of amino acids. In ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2293 | What do communication satellites carry and use to provide energy during their missions? | [
"batteries",
"geothermal panels",
"solar panels",
"infrared panels"
] | Communications satellites carry solar panels to provide energy for their missions. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6927 | What type of invertebrates where the earliest animals? | [
"aquatic invertebrates",
"arachnids",
"cnidaria",
"annelids"
] | The oldest animal fossils are about 630 million years old. The earliest animals were aquatic invertebrates. The first vertebrates evolved around 550 million years ago. By 500 million years ago, most modern phyla of animals had evolved. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9385 | The word fungus comes from the latin word for what? | [
"mushroom",
"vegetable",
"mold",
"spore"
] | Introduction The word fungus comes from the Latin word for mushrooms. Indeed, the familiar mushroom is a reproductive structure used by many types of fungi. However, there are also many fungi species that don't produce mushrooms at all. Being eukaryotes, a typical fungal cell contains a true nucleus and many membrane-b... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1689 | Most taste buds on the tongue are associated with nipple-shaped projections called what? | [
"papillae",
"cilia",
"antennae",
"mucosa"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_11199 | What tissue system has neither dermal nor vascular tissues? | [
"internal tissue system",
"ground tissue system",
"work tissue system",
"external tissue system"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_10153 | Gases can be classifed as real or what? | [
"shape",
"dense",
"noble",
"ideal"
] | Did you notice that none of these statements relates to the identity of the gas? This means that all gases should behave similarly. A gas that follows these statements perfectly is called an ideal gas. Most gases show slight deviations from these statements and are called real gases. However, the existence of real gase... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2047 | Which direction does the sun, moon, and stars appear to travel? | [
"north to south",
"south to north",
"west to east",
"east to west"
] | Sun, Moon, and stars appear to travel from east to west each day. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9887 | The addition of electron gives the halide ions the same electron configuration as what gas? | [
"an inert gas",
"a noble gas",
"a fatty gas",
"a flammable gas"
] | The elements of the halogen group (Group 17) gain electrons most readily, as can be seen from their large negative electron affinities. This means that more energy is released in the formation of a halide ion than for the anions of any other elements. Considering electron configuration, it is easy to see why. The outer... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5650 | The majority of salamanders lack what organs, so respiration occurs through the skin or through external gills? | [
"lungs",
"noses",
"mouths",
"throats"
] | Modern Amphibians Amphibia comprises an estimated 6,770 extant species that inhabit tropical and temperate regions around the world. Amphibians can be divided into three clades: Urodela (“tailed-ones”), the salamanders; Anura (“tail-less ones”), the frogs; and Apoda (“legless ones”), the caecilians. Urodela: Salamander... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6206 | Concentric circles that spread out through the water around the droplets are actually types of what moving through the water? | [
"waves",
"lines",
"troughs",
"winds"
] | No doubt you’ve seen this happen. Droplets of water fall into a body of water, and concentric circles spread out through the water around the droplets. The concentric circles are waves moving through the water. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2660 | What describes the amount of solute in a solution? | [
"frequency",
"tonicity",
"viscosity",
"solubility"
] | Tonicity Tonicity describes the amount of solute in a solution. The measure of the tonicity of a solution, or the total amount of solutes dissolved in a specific amount of solution, is called its osmolarity. Three terms—hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic—are used to relate the osmolarity of a cell to the osmolarity of... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5950 | What forces in liquids are strong enough to keep them from expanding significantly when heated? | [
"outermolecular forces",
"gravitational forces",
"particles forces",
"intermolecular forces"
] | Thermal Expansion The intermolecular forces in liquids are strong enough to keep them from expanding significantly when heated (typically only a few percent over a 100°C temperature range). Thus the volumes of liquids are somewhat fixed. Notice from Table 11.1 "The Density of Water at Various Temperatures" that the den... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1684 | Nutrients from food are absorbed by the blood for transport around the body as part of what system? | [
"growth",
"digestive",
"respiratory",
"circulatory"
] | In the digestive system, food is digested and its nutrients are absorbed by the blood for transport around the body. The blood is part of the cardiovascular system. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_921 | What is the process that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces? | [
"bracing",
"weathering",
"bleaching",
"erosion"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_10944 | About how many thunderstorms are there each year worldwide? | [
"21 million",
"17 million",
"14 million",
"23 million"
] | Thunderstorms are are known for their heavy rains and lightning. In strong thunderstorms, hail and high winds are also likely. Thunderstorms are very common. Worldwide, there are about 14 million of them each year! In the U. S. , they are most common — and strongest — in the Midwest. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8585 | What are the 3 types of tissues that modern plants have? | [
"dermal, ground, and vascular",
"sinuous , ground , and vascular",
"cambrium, epidermis, and ground",
"sturdy , ground , and vascular"
] | Modern plants have three different types of tissues. They are called dermal, ground, and vascular tissues. Each type of tissue has a different function. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9259 | What is the clear, curved structure that works with the cornea to help focus light at the back of the eye? | [
"iris",
"lens",
"retina",
"pupil"
] | After passing into the eye through the pupil, light passes through the lens. The lens of the eye is a clear, curved structure. Along with the cornea, the lens helps focus light at the back of the eye. This is pictured below ( Figure below ). | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4119 | What is the name of the body system that fights to protect the body from specific pathogens? | [
"warning system",
"infectious system",
"immune system",
"allergic response"
] | The immune system is the body system that fights to protect the body from specific pathogens. The immune system’s specific reaction to a pathogen is called an immune response. The immune system includes several organs and a system of vessels that carry lymph. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9007 | What is a measure of the change in velocity of a moving object? | [
"acceleration",
"kinetic energy",
"vibration",
"inclination"
] | Acceleration is a measure of the change in velocity of a moving object. It shows how quickly velocity changes and whether the change is positive or negative. It may reflect a change in speed, a change in direction, or both. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9816 | The epidermis is made of which closely packed cells? | [
"epithelial cells",
"muscle cells",
"cancer cells",
"nerve cells"
] | Figure 5.2 Layers of Skin The skin is composed of two main layers: the epidermis, made of closely packed epithelial cells, and the dermis, made of dense, irregular connective tissue that houses blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures. Beneath the dermis lies the hypodermis, which is composed m... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4293 | Alkynes are what type of compound? | [
"reversible hydrocarbons",
"unsaturated hydrocarbons",
"Split Hydrocarbons",
"proteins hydrocarbons"
] | Unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one or more triple bonds are called alkynes . The names of specific alkynes always end in –yne and have a prefix for the number of carbon atoms. The structural formula in the Figure below represents the smallest alkyne, named ethyne, which has two carbon atoms and two hydrogen atom... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2172 | How many pathways do plants have for carbon fixation? | [
"four",
"three",
"two",
"one"
] | Plants have evolved three pathways for carbon fixation. The most common pathway combines one molecule of CO 2 with a 5-carbon sugar called ribulose biphosphate (RuBP). The enzyme which catalyzes this reaction, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (nicknamed RuBisCo ), is the most abundant enzyme on earth! Th... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_501 | In what way do bacteria reproduce? | [
"binary fission",
"fragmentation",
"sexual reproduction",
"cellular respiration"
] | Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, resulting in two daughter cells identical to the parent cell. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2723 | What are commonly used to control insect pests, but can have harmful effects on the environment? | [
"insecticides",
"toxins",
"fertilizers",
"Herbicides"
] | Insecticides are commonly used to control insect pests, but they can have harmful effects on the environment. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11489 | To calculate acceleration without a change in direction, you just divide the change in velocity by the change in what? | [
"time",
"weight",
"height",
"size"
] | Calculating acceleration is complicated if both speed and direction are changing. It’s easier to calculate acceleration when only speed is changing. To calculate acceleration without a change in direction, you just divide the change in velocity (represented by ) by the change in time (represented by ). The formula for ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3760 | What element makes up the majority of coal? | [
"lead",
"carbon",
"silicon",
"iron"
] | Coal is a black or brownish-black rock that burns easily ( Figure below ). Most coal is sedimentary rock. The hardest type of coal, anthracite, is a metamorphic rock. That is because it is exposed to higher temperature and pressure as it forms. Coal is mostly carbon, but some other elements can be found in coal, includ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5033 | Soft cartilage gradually turns into hard bone through what process? | [
"ossification",
"calcification",
"elongation",
"oxidation"
] | Early in the development of a human fetus, the skeleton is made entirely of cartilage . The relatively soft cartilage gradually turns into hard bone through ossification . This is a process in which mineral deposits replace cartilage. As shown in Figure below , ossification of long bones, which are found in the arms an... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_757 | A doorknob and a ferris wheel are examples of what type of simple machine? | [
"lever and pulley",
"ball and axle",
"wheel and axle",
"ball and socket"
] | A wheel and axle is a simple machine that consists of two connected rings or cylinders, one inside the other. Both rings or cylinders turn in the same direction around a single center point. The inner ring or cylinder is called the axle, and the outer one is called the wheel. Besides the Ferris wheel, the doorknob in t... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2262 | What are the two types of semiconductors? | [
"n-type and m-type",
"a-type and b-type",
"o-type and p-type",
"n-type and p-type"
] | Electronic components consist of semiconductors, which are solid crystals consisting mainly of silicon. There are two types of semiconductors, called n-type and p-type. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4131 | What is the term for organisms that can maintain a stable body temperature even in the face of large fluctuations in the environmental temperature? | [
"ectotherms",
"endotherms",
"pachyderm",
"homeotherm"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_1403 | What is established by the ph differences between the two sides of the blastoderm cells? | [
"cylindrical - ventral axis",
"dorsal-ventral axis",
"posterior axis",
"proximal axis"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_10028 | Bacteria may become untreatable if they develop what in response to multiple antibiotics? | [
"resistance",
"acceptance",
"weakness",
"affinity"
] | Evasion of the Immune System by Pathogens It is important to keep in mind that although the immune system has evolved to be able to control many pathogens, pathogens themselves have evolved ways to evade the immune response. An example already mentioned is in Mycobactrium tuberculosis, which has evolved a complex cell ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8390 | The pollen grain absorbs water and does what after it adheres to the stigma of a carpel? | [
"dissolves",
"reproduces",
"blooms",
"germinates"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_8925 | The epidermis of the leaf consists of a single layer of which cells? | [
"chloroplasm",
"dermal cells",
"insular cells",
"endothermic cells"
] | The epidermis of the leaf consists of a single layer of tightly-packed dermal cells. They secrete waxy cuticle to prevent evaporation of water from the leaf. The epidermis has tiny pores called stomata (singular, stoma) that control transpiration and gas exchange with the air. Figure below explains how stomata carry ou... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_32 | What type of vertebrates are birds? | [
"endothermic tetrapod",
"epidermal tetrapod",
"invertebrates",
"exothermic"
] | Birds are endothermic tetrapod vertebrates. They are bipedal, which means they walk on two legs. Birds also lay amniotic eggs, and the eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells. Although birds are the most recent class of vertebrates to evolve, they are now the most numerous vertebrates on Earth. Why have birds been so ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1531 | What gas is contributing to the greenhouse effect? | [
"sodium chloride",
"carbon dioxide",
"oxygen",
"nitrogen"
] | Another major problem caused by air pollution is global climate change. Gases such as carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels increase the natural greenhouse effect. This raises the temperature of Earth’s surface. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6441 | What are the simplest types of carbon-based compounds? | [
"particles",
"hydrocarbons",
"Cells",
"Microbes"
] | Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. They are the simplest type of carbon-based compounds. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4789 | Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with what and facilitates its chemical breakdown? | [
"saliva",
"calcium",
"interstitial fluid",
"chyme"
] | Exergonic c. Decomposition d. Catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition 18. Which of the following combinations of atoms is most likely to result in a chemical reaction? a. hydrogen and hydrogen b. hydrogen and helium c. helium and helium d. neon and helium 19. Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with saliva and facilitates... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3196 | Removal of dams on rivers is an example of what? | [
"evolution",
"reproduction",
"renewal",
"restoration"
] | 21.3 Preserving Biodiversity Five mass extinctions with losses of more than 50 percent of extant species are observable in the fossil record. Recent extinctions are recorded in written history and are the basis for one method of estimating contemporary extinction rates. The other method uses measures of habitat loss an... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8955 | Is urea or salt reabsorbed faster? | [
"salt",
"same speed",
"neither is reabsorbed",
"urea"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_11028 | Food provides what type of energy needed by organisms, which is stored in bonds? | [
"calories",
"caffeine",
"radiation energy",
"chemical energy"
] | The chemical energy that organisms need comes from food. Food consists of organic molecules that store energy in their chemical bonds. In terms of obtaining food for energy, there are two types of organisms: autotrophs and heterotrophs. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3633 | What term describes a gene or sequence on a chromosome that co-segregates (shows genetic linkage) with a specific trait? | [
"analogous effect",
"nucleic acid chain",
"autosomal",
"genetic marker"
] | 17.2 | Mapping Genomes By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Define genomics • Describe genetic and physical maps • Describe genomic mapping methods Genomics is the study of entire genomes, including the complete set of genes, their nucleotide sequence and organization, and their interactions within a spec... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9877 | What do drugs that alleviate symptoms of schizophrenia block? | [
"ephedrine receptors",
"histamine receptors",
"adrenaline receptors",
"dopamine receptors"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_8485 | Scientists that study dolphins and other life in the ocean are called what? | [
"ocean biologists",
"marine geneticists",
"marine biologists",
"sea biologists"
] | Dolphins are living organisms, so studying them is part of the life sciences. The life sciences, however, are broken down into many fields. Scientists that study dolphins and other life in the ocean are called marine biologists. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_98 | Millions of years ago, plants used energy from the sun to form what? | [
"greenhouse gases",
"fossil fuels",
"carbon compounds",
"evolution"
] | Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are the greatest energy source for modern society. Millions of years ago, plants used energy from the Sun to form carbon compounds. These compounds were later transformed into coal, oil, or natural gas. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form. For this r... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9372 | Ethers readily dissolve what type of molecules? | [
"non-polar",
"lipids",
"proteins",
"polar"
] | Ethers are good solvents for other organic compounds because of their low reactivity. They readily dissolve non-polar molecules. Diethyl ether is perhaps the best known ether. It is widely used as a solvent and has been used as an inhalable anesthetic. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3829 | What is a mutation that changes all or much of a particular chromosome? | [
"muscular mutation",
"biochemical mutation",
"kinetic mutation",
"chromosomal mutation"
] | A mutation that changes all or a large part of a chromosome is called a chromosomal mutation. This type of mutation tends to be very serious. Sometimes chromosomes are missing or extra copies are present. An example is the mutation that causes Down syndrome. In this case, there is an extra copy of one of the chromosome... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5987 | Because conditions are not ideal, most populations grow ____________. | [
"logistically",
"mathematically",
"historically",
"SOCIALLY"
] | Most populations do not live under ideal conditions and grow logistically instead. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3197 | What is considered the smallest unit of life? | [
"proteins",
"cell",
"molecule",
"particle"
] | CHAPTER SUMMARY 4.1 Studying Cells A cell is the smallest unit of life. Most cells are so tiny that they cannot be seen with the naked eye. Therefore, scientists use microscopes to study cells. Electron microscopes provide higher magnification, higher resolution, and more detail than. | B | null |
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