dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_5736 | Which group of metals in the periodic table include elements such as sodium and potassium? | [
"lanthanides",
"igneous metals",
"actinides",
"alkali metals"
] | The first step in the process of inductive reasoning is making specific observations. In the periodic table of elements, which we will discuss later, there is a group of metals with similar properties called the alkali metals. The alkali metals include elements such as sodium and potassium. If I put sodium or potassium... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9687 | What is the theory scientists use to explain the matter in the universe and how it's held together? | [
"specific model",
"standard model",
"organic model",
"original model"
] | Based on their knowledge of subatomic particles, scientists have developed a theory called the standard model to explain all the matter in the universe and how it is held together. The model includes only the fundamental particles in the Table above . No other particles are needed to explain all kinds of matter. Accord... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10216 | Mutualism is an interaction between individuals of two different species that has what effect on both of them? | [
"neutral",
"harmful",
"abnormal",
"beneficial"
] | They live mutualistically with other organisms. Mutualistic fungi live harmlessly with other living organisms. Recall that mutualism is an interaction between individuals of two different species, in which both individuals benefit. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2134 | Deposition refers to when a gas changes to what state? | [
"liquid",
"solid",
"half liquid half gas",
"plasma"
] | Deposition is the change of state from a gas to a solid. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10865 | Generally speaking, electronegativity values ______ from left to right across a row in the periodic table and _______ down a column. | [
"move, fall",
"decrease, increase",
"increase, decrease",
"reverse, descend"
] | The general trend in electronegativity is that the value increases from left to right across a row in the periodic table and decreases down a column. The most electronegative element is fluorine, which has a value of 4.0. As discussed in the lesson "Trends in the Periodic Table," electronegativity increases across a ro... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2899 | Similarity of crystal structures is used to categorize what non-living materials? | [
"minerals",
"corals",
"grains",
"salts"
] | Mineralogists are scientists who study minerals. They divide minerals into groups based on chemical composition. Even though there are over 4,000 minerals, most minerals fit into one of eight mineral groups. Minerals with similar crystal structures are grouped together. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5875 | What class of oxygencontaining compounds is formed by the dehydration of alcohols? | [
"sugars",
"nethers",
"ethers",
"reagents"
] | Ethanol and resveratrol, a phenol, are representatives of two of the families of oxygencontaining compounds that we consider in this chapter. Two other classes, aldehydes and ketones, are formed by the oxidation of alcohols. Ethers, another class, are made by the dehydration of alcohols. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5098 | What is formed when an element gains one or more electrons? | [
"cation",
"neutron",
"anion",
"ion"
] | When an element gains one or more electrons, an anion is formed. Nonmetals typically become anions when they interact with other chemical species. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_45 | Hard igneous rocks and easily dissolved sedimentary rocks respond very differently to what natural force? | [
"sunlight",
"weathering",
"evaporation",
"gravity"
] | Each type of rock weathers in its own way. Certain types of rock are very resistant to weathering. Igneous rocks tend to weather slowly because they are hard. Water cannot easily penetrate them. Granite is a very stable igneous rock. Other types of rock are easily weathered because they dissolve easily in weak acids. L... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7938 | What is an isotope that is radioactive called? | [
"radionuclides",
"radioisotopes",
"isotopes",
"matured isotope"
] | Many elements have one or more isotopes that are radioactive. These isotopes are called radioisotopes. An example of a radioisotope is carbon-14. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1269 | What structure consists of an outer layer of cells called the trophoblast and an inner cell mass called the embryoblast? | [
"nucleus",
"blastocyst",
"cell wall",
"cytoplasm"
] | Blastocyst. The blastocyst consists of an outer layer of cells called the trophoblast and an inner cell mass called the embryoblast. The blastocyst fluid-filled cavity is also known as the blastocoel or blastocoele. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10409 | What is it called when your joints start to wear out and they become stiff and painful? | [
"adenitis",
"endometriosis",
"tendonitis",
"arthritis"
] | During late adulthood, people are not as physically able. For example, they usually have less muscle and slower reflexes. Their immune system also doesn’t work as well as it used to. As a result, they have a harder time fighting diseases like the flu. The risk of developing diseases such as heart disease and cancer con... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2223 | What stages in the life of a cell does the cell cycle include? | [
"all",
"adult stages",
"intermediate stages",
"both"
] | Cell division is just one stage of the cell cycle. The cell cycle includes all of the stages in the life of a cell. The cell cycle is more complex in eukaryotic than prokaryotic cells. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4708 | What is the smallest part of a compound? | [
"molecule",
"dna",
"electron",
"nucleus"
] | A compound is a substance that consists of two or more elements. A compound has a unique composition that is always the same. The smallest particle of a compound is called a molecule. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9812 | Hypersensitivity may refer to a maladaptive response of what system toward a harmless foreign substance? | [
"brain",
"System",
"immune",
"oxygen"
] | Hypersensitivities Maladaptive immune responses toward harmless foreign substances or self antigens that occur after tissue sensitization are termed hypersensitivities. The types of hypersensitivities include immediate, delayed, and autoimmunity. A large proportion of the population is affected by one or more types of ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1018 | Electrons flow through the electrolyte from the ________ to __________ electrode. | [
"negative; positive",
"neutral; negative",
"negative; neutral",
"positive; negative"
] | Both dry and wet cells work the same basic way. The electrodes react chemically with the electrolyte, causing one electrode to give up electrons and the other electrode to accept electrons. In the case of zinc and carbon electrodes, the zinc electrode attracts electrons and becomes negatively charged, while the carbon ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3821 | What is a diagram that shows a single way that energy flows throughout an ecosystem? | [
"water cycle",
"fuel chain",
"dependent chain",
"food chain"
] | A food chain is a simple diagram that shows one way energy flows through an ecosystem. Pictured below is an example of a food chain ( Figure below ). Producers form the base of all food chains. The consumers that eat producers are called primary consumers. The consumers that eat primary consumers are secondary consumer... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7128 | When gametes unite during fertilization, the resulting zygote inherits two of what for each gene, one from each parent? | [
"molecules",
"chromosomes",
"alleles",
"genomes"
] | When gametes unite during fertilization, the resulting zygote inherits two alleles for each gene. One allele comes from each parent. The alleles an individual inherits make up the individual’s genotype . The two alleles may be the same or different. As shown in Table below , an organism with two alleles of the same typ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4684 | What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature? | [
"hydrogen",
"gas",
"water",
"mercury"
] | A familiar liquid is mercury metal. Mercury is an anomaly. It is the only metal we know of that is liquid at room temperature. Mercury also has an ability to stick to itself (surface tension) – a property all liquids exhibit. Mercury has a relatively high surface tension, which makes it very unique. Here you see mercur... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1745 | An organism that carries pathogens from one individual to another is called what? | [
"germ cell",
"vector",
"virus",
"host"
] | Still other pathogens are spread by vectors. A vector is an organism that carries pathogens from one person or animal to another. Most vectors are insects such as ticks or mosquitoes. They pick up pathogens when they bite an infected animal and then transmit the pathogens to the next animal they bite. Ticks spread the ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1723 | What kind of enzyme is phosphofructokinase? | [
"orthosteric",
"intracellular",
"allosteric",
"covalent"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_5410 | What are lipids that contain phosphorus called? | [
"alkaloids",
"phospholipids",
"eukaryotes",
"amino acids"
] | Some lipids contain the element phosphorus as well as oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. These lipids are called phospholipids. Two layers of phospholipid molecules make up most of the cell membrane in the cells of living things. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9498 | What is the name of the formation that regulates sleep and arousal? | [
"reticular formation",
"sleep-arousal formation",
"epithelial formation",
"gelechioidea formation"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_1170 | What combines with rain to form acid rain? | [
"nitrogen and sulfur oxides",
"suction and sulfur oxides",
"carbon dioxide and sulfur oxides",
"compost and sulfur oxides"
] | Courtesy of the U. S. EPA. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides combine with rain to form acid rain . Public Domain. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4502 | Halogens tend to form salts with what type of element? | [
"metals",
"man-made",
"metalloids",
"nonmetals"
] | Halogens have filled valence electron configurations. Halogens tend to form salts with metals. As the free elements, halogens are monatomic. Halogens have appreciable nonmetallic character. Halogens tend to have an oxidation state of −1. Halogens are good reductants. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10458 | What is the causative agent of sleeping sickness in humans? | [
"bacillus aerophilus",
"pseudomonas asplenii",
"escherichia coli",
"trypanosoma brucei"
] | Figure 15.12 Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of sleeping sickness in humans. The mRNAs of this pathogen must be modified by the addition of nucleotides before protein synthesis can occur. (credit: modification of work by Torsten Ochsenreiter). | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4826 | In eukaryotes, mrna may be modified before leaving what? | [
"nucleus",
"mitochondria",
"epidermis",
"ribosome"
] | During transcription, a copy of mRNA is made that is complementary to a strand of DNA. In eukaryotes, mRNA may be modified before it leaves the nucleus. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9820 | Organisms tend to be larger in size at higher what levels? | [
"proteolytic",
"trophic",
"benthic",
"Secondary Layer"
] | With less energy at higher trophic levels, there are usually fewer organisms as well. Organisms tend to be larger in size at higher trophic levels, but their smaller numbers result in less biomass. Biomass is the total mass of organisms at a trophic level. The decrease in biomass from lower to higher levels is also rep... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5803 | Nuclear power plants produce electricity through what? | [
"intense fission",
"induced fission",
"severe fission",
"High Fission"
] | Nuclear power plants produce electricity through induced fission. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7310 | What are winds that blow over a limited area called? | [
"local winds",
"Periodic Winds",
"Planetary Winds",
"trade winds"
] | Local winds are winds that blow over a limited area. Local winds blow between small low and high pressure systems. They are influenced by local geography. Nearness to an ocean, lake, or mountain range can affect local winds. Some examples are found below. Local winds can affect the weather and climate of a region. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7524 | What is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature? | [
"aluminum",
"tin",
"copper",
"mercury"
] | The elements mercury, gold, and copper display properties that are common of metals. Mercury ( left ) is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature. Even in its liquid form, it still has a high luster. Gold ( middle ) is malleable and can be formed into very thin sheets called gold leaf. Because copper ( right... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1075 | Scientists did not actually see viruses until what was invented? | [
"electronic scale",
"magnifying glass",
"telescope",
"electron microscope"
] | Scientists did not actually see viruses for the first time until the 1930s. That’s when the electron microscope was invented. The virus shown in Figure below was the first one to be seen. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7395 | The pulmonary circulation carries blood between what two organs? | [
"lungs and kidney",
"heart and pancreas",
"kidney and heart",
"heart and lungs"
] | The pulmonary circulation carries blood between the heart and lungs. The systemic circulation carries blood between the heart and body. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4297 | What is observed when two perpendicular flagella moves? | [
"pushing motion",
"shaking motion",
"spinning motion",
"turning motion"
] | Figure 23.12 The dinoflagellates exhibit great diversity in shape. Many are encased in cellulose armor and have two flagella that fit in grooves between the plates. Movement of these two perpendicular flagella causes a spinning motion. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9596 | What molecule is made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom? | [
"carbohydrate",
"lipids",
"Oxygen",
"water"
] | A molecule of water ( Figure below ) is made of three atoms bonded together. Two of these atoms are hydrogen and one atom is oxygen. The hydrogen ions have a positive electrical charge. The oxygen atom has a negative electrical charge. The hydrogen atoms are located on one side and the oxygen atom on the other. This me... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5775 | In eukaryotic cells, molecules such as enzymes are usually compartmentalized into different what? | [
"atoms",
"electrons",
"organelles",
"organisms"
] | Enzyme Compartmentalization In eukaryotic cells, molecules such as enzymes are usually compartmentalized into different organelles. This allows for yet another level of regulation of enzyme activity. Enzymes required only for certain cellular processes can be housed separately along with their substrates, allowing for ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3645 | What layer of soil, essential for farming, has the highest proportion of organic material? | [
"bedrock",
"topsoil",
"subsoil",
"humus"
] | Topsoil has the highest proportion of organic material. Topsoil is essential for farming. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2434 | What do monotremes lack though they have hair and produce milk? | [
"nerves",
"skin",
"nipples",
"tail"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_10764 | What is the final product of the calvin cycle? | [
"glucose",
"insulin",
"energy",
"chloride"
] | The reactions of the Calvin cycle add carbon (from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere) to a simple five-carbon molecule called RuBP. These reactions use chemical energy from NADPH and ATP that were produced in the light reactions. The final product of the Calvin cycle is glucose. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5277 | What is the name for the pores in leaves that allow a plant to retain water or exchange gases? | [
"neurons",
"stomata",
"rhizomes",
"chloroplasts"
] | To allow the plant to retain water and exchange gases, small pores (holes) in the leaves called stomata also evolved ( Figure below ). The stomata can open and close depending on weather conditions. When it's hot and dry, the stomata close to keep water inside of the plant. When the weather cools down, the stomata can ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9974 | In what organ does pepsin help break down proteins? | [
"kidney",
"liver",
"stomach",
"skin"
] | Acids and bases are important in living things because most enzymes can do their job only at a certain level of acidity. Cells secrete acids and bases to maintain the proper pH for enzymes to work. For example, every time you digest food, acids and bases are at work in your digestive system. Consider the enzyme pepsin,... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10067 | When does an oocyte complete meiosis? | [
"after sperm penetration",
"prophase",
"anaphase",
"metaphase"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_6318 | What occur because solid lithosphere travels on a round planet? | [
"ejecta earthquakes",
"volcanos",
"aeration earthquakes",
"intraplate earthquakes"
] | Intraplate earthquakes occur because solid lithosphere travels on a round planet. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11660 | What is the first part of the large intestine called? | [
"colon",
"cecum",
"duodenum",
"jejunum"
] | Cecum The first part of the large intestine is the cecum, a sac-like structure that is suspended inferior to the ileocecal valve. It is about 6 cm (2.4 in) long, receives the contents of the ileum, and continues the absorption of water and salts. The appendix (or vermiform appendix) is a winding tube that attaches to t... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5056 | A magnet can exert force on objects without touching them, as long as they are within what? | [
"molecular field",
"gravitational field",
"audio field",
"magnetic field"
] | A familiar example may help you understand the vibrating electric and magnetic fields that make up electromagnetic waves. Consider a bar magnet, like the one in the Figure below . The magnet exerts magnetic force over an area all around it. This area is called a magnetic field. The field lines in the diagram represent ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2256 | What is the term for the spacing of individuals within a population? | [
"population density",
"equilibrium",
"dispersion",
"suspension"
] | Ecologists also study how individuals in a population are spread across an environment. This spacing of individuals within a population is called dispersion . Some species may be clumped or clustered ( Figure below ) in an area. Others may be evenly spaced ( Figure below ). Still others may be spaced randomly within an... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9711 | What is required between cytoskeleton and motor proteins for cell motility? | [
"absorption",
"translation",
"interaction",
"inhibition"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_5914 | Spinal cord injuries are notoriously difficult to treat because spinal nerves do not do what? | [
"cover",
"cartilage",
"regenerate",
"moisture"
] | Two planets are on a collision course, heading directly towards each other at 0.250c . A spaceship sent from one planet approaches the second at 0.750c as seen by the second planet. What is the velocity of the ship relative to the first planet? 28. When a missile is shot from one spaceship towards another, it leaves th... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9262 | Evolution happens because of what? | [
"natural selection",
"natural process",
"natural resources",
"natural change"
] | Evolution happens because of natural selection . Good traits become more common in a population. Bad traits become less common. The deer mouse, species Peromyscus maniculatus gives an example of evolution by natural selection. In Nebraska, this mouse is typically brown. But in places where glaciers dropped lighter sand... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8604 | What kind of diet is typical for raptors, such as hawks and owls? | [
"carnivorous or herbivorous",
"carnivorous",
"fishes",
"herbivorous"
] | Raptors such as hawks and owls are carnivores. They hunt and eat mammals and other birds. Vultures are scavengers . They eat the remains of dead animals, such as roadkill. Aquatic birds generally eat fish or water plants. Perching birds may eat insects, fruit, honey, or nectar. Many fruit-eating birds play a key role i... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3568 | What controls the opening to the airway and gut? | [
"tongue",
"mandible",
"teeth",
"electrons"
] | Although it is not found in the skull, the hyoid bone is considered a component of the axial skeleton. The hyoid bone lies below the mandible in the front of the neck. It acts as a movable base for the tongue and is connected to muscles of the jaw, larynx, and tongue. The mandible articulates with the base of the skull... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_819 | What type pf mining is used to obtain mineral ores that are near the surface? | [
"function mining",
"surface mining",
"multi-layered mining",
"core mining"
] | Surface mining is used to obtain mineral ores that are near the surface. Blasting breaks up the soil and rocks that contain the ore. Enormous trucks haul the broken rocks to locations where the ores can be removed. Surface mining includes open-pit mining, quarrying, and strip mining. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_143 | Compounds like sodium chloride form structures called what? | [
"crystals",
"hydrocarbons",
"ions",
"microorganisms"
] | Compounds like sodium chloride form structures called crystals. A crystal is a rigid framework of many ions locked together in a repeating pattern. Ions are electrically charged forms of atoms. You can see a crystal of sodium chloride in the Figure below . It is made up of many sodium and chloride ions. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3803 | What does the megaspore mother cell produce after meiosis division? | [
"two diploid megapores",
"four diploid megaspores",
"four haploid megaspores",
"two haploid megaspores"
] | Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/pollen_release) to see a cedar releasing its pollen in the wind. Female Gametophyte The female cone also has a central axis on which bracts known as megasporophylls (Figure 32.10) are present. In the female cone, megaspore mother cells are present in the megasporangium. T... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3319 | Arteries, veins, and capillaries are the three main types of what? | [
"blood pathways",
"blood vessels",
"cell structures",
"blood shapes"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_10041 | What are the tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place? | [
"chambers",
"ganglion",
"alveoli",
"vacuoles"
] | Pneumonia is an illness that occurs when the alveoli, the tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place, become inflamed and filled with fluid. When a person has pneumonia, gas exchange cannot occur properly across the alveoli. Pneumonia can be caused by many things. Infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or pa... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6154 | The mechanical and digestive processes have one goal: to convert food into molecules small enough to be absorbed by the epithelial cells of what? | [
"bile ducts",
"stomach cilia",
"alveoli",
"intestinal villi"
] | Absorption The mechanical and digestive processes have one goal: to convert food into molecules small enough to be absorbed by the epithelial cells of the intestinal villi. The absorptive capacity of the alimentary canal is almost endless. Each day, the alimentary canal processes up to 10 liters of food, liquids, and G... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5584 | What are plants in the diploid generation called? | [
"monocots",
"haplocytes",
"sporophytes",
"keratinocytes"
] | Plants in the diploid generation are called sporophytes . They form from the fertilization of gametes. They reproduce asexually. They have a structure called a sporangium that produces haploid spores by meiosis. Spores develop into the haploid generation. Then the cycle repeats. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_135 | What the name of the disease where some of the alveoli of the lungs fill with fluid so they can no longer exchange gas? | [
"leukemia",
"pneumonia",
"lung cancer",
"emphysema"
] | Pneumonia is a disease in which some of the alveoli of the lungs fill with fluid so they can no longer exchange gas. Symptoms of pneumonia typically include coughing, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and fatigue. Pneumonia may be caused by an infection or an injury to the lungs. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8627 | What type of molecules are secreted by the cell in local signaling? | [
"negaitive molecules",
"sleeping molecules",
"word molecules",
"messenger molecules"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_7738 | Behaviors are responses to stimuli. they can either be instinctual/innate behaviors, which are not influenced by the environment, or learned behaviors, which are influenced by this? | [
"inheritance",
"osmosis",
"environmental changes",
"spontaneous mutation"
] | 45.7 Behavioral Biology: Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Behavior Behaviors are responses to stimuli. They can either be instinctual/innate behaviors, which are not influenced by the environment, or learned behaviors, which are influenced by environmental changes. Instinctual behaviors include mating systems and metho... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5535 | At least 20 percent of the world’s people do not have a ready supply of what? | [
"clean drinking water",
"oil",
"food",
"clothing"
] | The water Americans get from their faucets is safe. This water has been treated and purified. At least 20% of the world’s people do not have clean drinking water always available. That's more than 1 billion people. They must drink water from where they can get it. Maybe straight from a river or pond ( Figure below ). H... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4954 | What are the most common types of compounds found on earth? | [
"hydrogen-based compounds",
"carbon-based compounds",
"ionic compounds",
"sodium - based compounds"
] | Cellulose is a compound found in plants. The chief component of cellulose is carbon. Cellulose is one of many carbon-based compounds that make up living things. In fact, carbon-based compounds are the most common type of compound on Earth. More than 90 percent of all known compounds contain carbon. Do you know why carb... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9434 | What would you call a relationship where the bacteria benefit and and the other organism is harmed? | [
"parasitism",
"fungi",
"symbiotic",
"pathology"
] | Other bacteria are parasitic and can cause illness. In parasitism , the bacteria benefit, and the other organism is harmed. Harmful bacteria will be discussed in another concept. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11398 | What is created by the polymerization of glucose? | [
"carbonate",
"methane",
"glucose",
"cellulose"
] | Zachary Wilson. Cellulose is created by the polymerization of glucose . CC BY-NC 3.0. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_559 | What type of vascular plants produce seeds in cones? | [
"Proteins",
"gymnosperms",
"lipids",
"angiosperms"
] | Gymnosperms are vascular plants that produce seeds in cones . Examples include conifers such as pine and spruce trees. The gymnosperm life cycle has a dominant sporophyte generation. Both gametophytes and the next generation’s new sporophytes develop on the sporophyte parent plant. Figure below is a diagram of a gymnos... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7557 | During what are deletions and duplications especially likely to occur? | [
"meiosis",
"nucleus",
"electrolysis",
"endothermia"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_9893 | Sand dunes migrate when sand is blown up a slope and this force pulls it down the other side? | [
"spin",
"air pressure",
"gravity",
"earthquakes"
] | Sand is blown up a slope. Gravity pulls it down the other side. This is how dunes migrate. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5586 | What is the name for the water-splitting step of photosynthesis? | [
"cellular respiration",
"hydrolysis",
"peristalsis",
"photolysis"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_6638 | Regulation of endocrine depends on the hypothalmus and what other gland? | [
"salivary",
"pituitary",
"thyroid",
"adrenal"
] | 45.3 The hypothalamus and pituitary are central to endocrine regulation. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7582 | What is the most common way to classify stars? | [
"by size",
"by distance",
"by color",
"by age"
] | The most common way of classifying stars is by color as shown, in Table below . Each class of star is given a letter, a color, and a range of temperatures. The letters don’t match the color names because stars were first grouped as A through O. It wasn't until later that their order was corrected to go by increasing te... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2379 | What will spores that eventually germinate develop into? | [
"yeast cells",
"gametes",
"hydra",
"new hyphae"
] | This phylogenetic tree is based on comparisons of ribosomal RNA base sequences among living organisms. The tree divides all organisms into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Humans and other animals belong to the Eukarya domain. From this tree, organisms that make up the domain Eukarya appear to have shared... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5878 | What type of minerals form when salt water evaporates? | [
"fermite",
"halide",
"sulfide",
"carbonate"
] | Halide minerals are salts. They form when salt water evaporates. This mineral class includes more than just table salt. Halide minerals may contain the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Some halide minerals combine with metal elements. Common table salt is a halide mineral that contains the elements chlo... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4144 | What do we call the theory of electromagnetism on the particle scale? | [
"light electrodynamics",
"iron electrodynamics",
"gravity electrodynamics",
"quantum electrodynamics"
] | 33.2 The Four Basic Forces • The four basic forces and their carrier particles are summarized in the Table 33.1. • Feynman diagrams are graphs of time versus position and are highly useful pictorial representations of particle processes. • The theory of electromagnetism on the particle scale is called quantum electrody... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5953 | Where in the female body does egg production take place? | [
"testes",
"endometrium",
"ovaries",
"uterus"
] | Egg production takes place in the ovaries. It occurs in several steps:. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4927 | In which organ of the body does gluconeogenesis primarily take place? | [
"kidney",
"spleen",
"heart",
"liver"
] | Gluconeogenesis Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of new glucose molecules from pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, or the amino acids alanine or glutamine. This process takes place primarily in the liver during periods of low glucose, that is, under conditions of fasting, starvation, and low carbohydrate diets. So, the questi... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_793 | A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to undergo a specific what? | [
"chemical change",
"weight Change",
"liquid change",
"radiation change"
] | A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change. A chemical property of iron is that it is capable of combining with oxygen to form iron oxide, the chemical name of rust. The more general term for rusting and other similar processes is corrosion. Other terms that are commo... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2068 | What do you call the zone in a body of water where there is too little sunlight for photosynthesis? | [
"Dark Zone",
"aphotic zone",
"semimetal zone",
"observable zone"
] | Neurons are usually classified based on the role they play in the body. Two main types of neurons are sensory neurons and motor neurons. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1091 | What type of galaxies have a rotating disk of stars and dust, a bulge in the middle, and several arms? | [
"pinwheel galaxies",
"spiral galaxies",
"spherical galaxies",
"round galaxies"
] | Spiral galaxies have a rotating disk of stars and dust, a bulge in the middle, and several arms spiraling out from the center. The disk and arms contain many young, blue stars. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5525 | In a wheel and axle, when force is applied either to the wheel or axle, what aspect of the force does not change? | [
"speed",
"shift",
"direction",
"pressure"
] | In a wheel and axle, force may be applied either to the wheel or to the axle. In both cases, the direction of the force does not change, but the force is either increased or applied over a greater distance. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8785 | Natural gas, such as those burned by gas stoves, is composed mostly of this? | [
"oxygen",
"methane",
"sulfur",
"carbon monoxide"
] | The burner on a gas stove burns with a pretty blue flame like the one pictured in the opening image. The fuel burned by most gas stoves is natural gas, which consists mainly of methane. Methane is a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen. Like many other compounds that consist of just these two elements, metha... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2375 | Carbon released by burning fossil fuels contributes to what effect in the atmosphere? | [
"smog effect",
"cloud effect",
"greenhouse effect",
"shielding effect"
] | Burning of fossil fuels, such as oil, releases carbon into the atmosphere. This carbon must be cycled - removed from the atmosphere - back into living organisms, or it stays in the atmosphere. Increased carbon in the atmosphere contributes to the greenhouse effect on Earth. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6839 | What is caused by bodies sliding over rough surfaces? | [
"vibration",
"heat loss",
"tension",
"friction"
] | Friction is caused by bodies sliding over rough surfaces. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11389 | Many species use their body shape and coloration to avoid being detected by what? | [
"biology",
"predators",
"males",
"viruses"
] | Many species use their body shape and coloration to avoid being detected by predators. The tropical walking stick is an insect with the coloration and body shape of a twig, which makes it very hard to see when it is stationary against a background of real twigs (Figure 19.15a). In another example, the chameleon can cha... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5489 | What is the sugar that the cells of living things use for energy? | [
"chlorophyll",
"sucrose",
"glucose",
"insulin"
] | Sugars are simple carbohydrates. Molecules of sugar have just a few carbon atoms. The simplest sugar is glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ). Glucose is the sugar that the cells of living things use for energy. Plants and some other organisms make glucose in the process of photosynthesis. Living things that cannot make glucose obta... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11069 | What is formed when the ceiling of an underground cave collapses? | [
"groundwater",
"sinkhole",
"mountain",
"hill"
] | As erosion by groundwater continues, the ceiling of a cave may collapse. The rock and soil above it sink into the ground. This forms a sinkhole on the surface. You can see an example of a sinkhole in Figure below . Some sinkholes are big enough to swallow vehicles and buildings. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9477 | What happens during the process of digestion? | [
"cell division",
"breakdown of food",
"excretion of food",
"regurgitation"
] | The digestive system consists of organs that break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste. The breakdown of food occurs in the process of digestion. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9789 | We would genetically be all the same if genes did not have different what? | [
"alleles",
"bases",
"antigens",
"atoms"
] | Chromosome, gene, locus and alleles are all related. What is the different between a gene and a locus? Between a gene and an allele? Chromosomes are composed of genes located at specific loci. And genes have different alleles. If genes did not have different alleles, we would genetically be all the same. What does that... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6224 | What type of proteins are only temporarily associated with the membrane? | [
"visual membrane proteins",
"sensitive rod proteins",
"peripheral oxidation proteins",
"peripheral membrane proteins"
] | Peripheral membrane proteins are proteins that are only temporarily associated with the membrane. They can be easily removed, which allows them to be involved in cell signaling. Peripheral proteins can also be attached to integral membrane proteins, or they can stick into a small portion of the lipid bilayer by themsel... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_425 | Because it can be controlled intentionally, skeletal muscle is also called what type of muscle? | [
"voluntary",
"necessary",
"automatic",
"involuntary"
] | Skeletal muscle tissue forms skeletal muscles, which attach to bones and sometimes the skin and control locomotion and any other movement that can be consciously controlled. Because it can be controlled intentionally, skeletal muscle is also called voluntary muscle. When viewed under a microscope, skeletal muscle tissu... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4787 | The challenge of techniques used for proteomic analyses is the difficulty in detecting small quantities of what? | [
"acids",
"proteins",
"bacteria",
"particles"
] | The challenge of techniques used for proteomic analyses is the difficulty in detecting small quantities of proteins. Although mass spectrometry is good for detecting small amounts of proteins, variations in protein expression in diseased states can be difficult to discern. Proteins are naturally unstable molecules, whi... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5818 | Echinoderms are marine organisms that make up which phylum? | [
"echinodermata",
"chordata",
"annelida",
"cnidaria"
] | Echinoderms are marine organisms that make up the phylum Echinodermata. They can be found in the ocean from the equator to the poles. There are roughly 6000 living species of echinoderms. They are among the most distinctive organisms within the animal kingdom. Members of the phylum include sea stars (starfish), sand do... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_724 | Because microorganisms can go through several generations in a matter of hours, their gene expression profiles adapt to the new laboratory environment very quickly. in addition, the vast majority of bacterial species resist being cultured in this? | [
"water",
"colonies",
"substrate",
"isolation"
] | Microbial Genomics: Metagenomics Traditionally, microbiology has been taught with the view that microorganisms are best studied under pure culture conditions, which involves isolating a single type of cell and culturing it in the laboratory. Because microorganisms can go through several generations in a matter of hours... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5851 | What term refers to a change in species over time? | [
"generation",
"spontaneous change",
"mutation",
"evolution"
] | Evolution can be described as a change in species over time . Dinosaur fossils are significant evidence of evolution and of past life on Earth. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9296 | What is the process in which a layer of a second metal is deposited on the metal electrode that acts as the cathode during electrolysis? | [
"casting",
"distillation",
"electroplating",
"cold fusion"
] | Electroplating In a process called electroplating, a layer of a second metal is deposited on the metal electrode that acts as the cathode during electrolysis. Electroplating is used to enhance the appearance of metal objects and protect them from corrosion. Examples of electroplating include the chromium layer found on... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6036 | Most amphibians breathe with these as larvae? | [
"gills",
"lungs",
"pores",
"nostrils"
] | Amphibian skin contains keratin, a protein that is also found in the outer covering of most other four-legged vertebrates. The keratin in amphibians is not too tough to allow gases and water to pass through their skin. Most amphibians breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults. However, extra oxygen is absor... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9975 | What begins when a neuron receives a chemical stimulus? | [
"a metabolism impulse",
"a nerve impulse",
"a induce impulse",
"nerve reaction"
] | A nerve impulse begins when a neuron receives a chemical stimulus. The impulse travels down the axon membrane as an electrical action potential to the axon terminal. The axon terminal releases neurotransmitters that carry the nerve impulse to the next cell. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6093 | Diseases of the lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, nose, and throat affect what organ system? | [
"heart",
"respiratory",
"digestive",
"skin"
] | Respiratory diseases are diseases of the lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, nose, and throat ( Figure below ). These diseases can range from a mild cold to a severe case of pneumonia. Respiratory diseases are common. Many are easily treated, while others may cause severe illness or death. Some respiratory diseases are ca... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4875 | Which organ's diseases include kidney stones, infections, and kidney failure due to diabetes? | [
"kidney",
"lungs",
"pancreas",
"heart"
] | Kidney diseases include kidney stones, infections, and kidney failure due to diabetes. Kidney failure may be treated with dialysis. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8152 | What are the two most common common ways that brain and spinal cord injuries occur? | [
"sports and household accidents",
"car crashes and falls",
"falls and surgical error",
"car crashes and athletic activities"
] | Brain and spinal cord injuries most commonly occur because of car crashes or athletic activities. Fortunately, many injuries can be prevented by wearing seat belts and safety helmets (see Figure below ). Avoiding unnecessary risks, such as doing stunts on a bike or diving into shallow water, can also reduce the chances... | D | null |
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