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Just a quick question. My daughter, who is a high schooler, and we have been arguing back and forth for a while. She does her homework with music in her ears, nonstop, and I say, well, you can't concentrate on the homework. And she says she can do it better with music. So, who amongst us is right?	just a quick question my daughter who is a high schooler and we have been arguing back and forth for a while she does her homework with music; in her ears nonstop and i say well you can't concentrate on the. homework and, she says she can do it better with music so who amongst us is.	Just a quick question My daughter who is a. high schooler and we have been arguing back and forth for a while She does her homework, with music in her ears nonstop and I say well you can't concentrate, on the homework And she says she can do it better with music So who amongst us is	just a quick question. my daughter, who is a high schooler, and we have been arguing back and forth for a while. she does her homework with music in her ears, nonstop, and i say, well, you can't concentrate on the homework. and she says she can do it better with music. so, who amongst us is right?
Well, Adam, what do you think? You know, this is almost like ancient history now. I remember when my kids did homework, oh, it's just music that they're doing. It was only one thing, right?	well adam what do you think? you. know this is almost like, ancient history now i remember when my, kids did homework oh it's just music that they're doing it was only one thing	Well Adam what; do you think? You know this is almost, like ancient. history now I remember when my kids did homework oh it's just music that. they're, doing It was only one thing;	well, adam, what do you think? you know, this is almost like ancient history now. i remember when my kids did homework, oh, it's just music that they're doing. it was only one thing, right?
(Soundbite of laughter)	(soundbite, of	(Soundbite of	(soundbite of laughter)
That's, like, years ago, maybe two years ago. I used to say the same thing and say how do you do your homework with the music on? Now, how do you do the homework with the tweeting and the music and the phones and everything else?	that's like years ago maybe two years ago i used to say, the same thing and say how do you do. your homework with the music on? now how do you do the homework with the tweeting and the music and, the phones and everything.	That's like years ago maybe two years ago I used to say; the same thing and say how do you do your homework with the music on? Now how do you do the homework with the. tweeting and the music and the phones and everything	that's, like, years ago, maybe two years ago. i used to say the same thing and say how do you do your homework with the music on? now, how do you do the homework with the tweeting and the music and the phones and everything else?
Yeah, the music question is a challenging one. I don't know if Clifford agrees with this, but, you know, if you look at the data, there's definitely some mixed data in the world, in the literature of looking at the impact of background music.	yeah. the music question is a challenging one i don't know if clifford agrees with this but you know if you. look at the data there's definitely some mixed data in the world in the literature of looking, at the impact of background;	Yeah the music question is a, challenging one I don't know. if Clifford agrees with this but you know if you look at the data there's definitely some mixed data in, the world in the literature of looking at the impact of background	yeah, the music question is a challenging one. i don't know if clifford agrees with this, but, you know, if you look at the data, there's definitely some mixed data in the world, in the literature of looking at the impact of background music.
So there is some evidence that possibly having distracting information around you that you're forced to push out might help you focus more. There's been some studies in the workplace with different - actually not necessarily music but at least white noise - showing some benefit, as opposed to a total silence or listeni...	so there is some evidence that possibly having. distracting information around you that you're forced. to push out might help you focus more there's been some studies in the workplace with different - actually not necessarily music but at least white noise - showing some benefit as opposed, to a, total silence or liste...	So there is some evidence that possibly having distracting information. around you that you're forced to push out might help you focus more There's been some, studies in the, workplace with different - actually not necessarily music but at least, white noise - showing some, benefit as opposed to a total silence; or. li...	so there is some evidence that possibly having distracting information around you that you're forced to push out might help you focus more. there's been some studies in the workplace with different - actually not necessarily music but at least white noise - showing some benefit, as opposed to a total silence or listeni...
So I think that that one still needs a bit of investigation, and just to clarify, you know, there's multitasking, what we're talking about, when you choose to engage in a secondary task while you're already doing something; and then there's this entirely other world, that's very complex, of distraction, the type of inf...	so i think. that that one, still needs. a bit of investigation and just to clarify you know there's multitasking what. we're talking about when you choose to engage in a secondary task while you're already doing something and then there's this, entirely other world that's very complex of distraction the type. of; infor...	So I think that. that one still needs a; bit of investigation and just to clarify you know there's multitasking what we're talking about when you choose to engage in a secondary task while. you're already doing something and then there's. this entirely other world that's very complex of distraction the type of, informa...	so i think that that one still needs a bit of investigation, and just to clarify, you know, there's multitasking, what we're talking about, when you choose to engage in a secondary task while you're already doing something; and then there's this entirely other world, that's very complex, of distraction, the type of inf...
And we have a lot of evidence that this really decreases, this ability to block out these distractions, as you get older, and it affects your memory.	and we. have a lot of evidence. that this really decreases this ability, to block out these distractions as you get older and it affects your	And we, have a lot of evidence that. this really decreases this ability to block out these. distractions as you get older and it affects your,	and we have a lot of evidence that this really decreases, this ability to block out these distractions, as you get older, and it affects your memory.
So I think that we still want to figure out a lot more about what type of distractions might be helpful and allow you to focus, and what really harm you.	so i think that, we still want to, figure out a lot more about what type of distractions might be helpful, and allow you to focus. and what, really harm	So I think that we still want to figure out. a lot more about what type of distractions, might be helpful and allow you to focus and; what really harm	so i think that we still want to figure out a lot more about what type of distractions might be helpful and allow you to focus, and what really harm you.
Clifford, any final notes here?	clifford any final notes	Clifford any final notes	clifford, any final notes here?
Yeah. We're actually - Adam's right. Music is very complicated. The things we do know are - if you're listening to vocal music, music with voices, while you're reading, that is definitely a distraction. Instrumental music is the one where, really, the jury is out. We're starting a major study exactly on that. So if you...	yeah we're actually - adam's, right music, is very, complicated the things; we do know are - if you're listening to vocal music music with voices while you're reading that is definitely; a distraction instrumental music is the one where really; the jury is out. we're starting a major study exactly on that so if you wan...	Yeah We're actually - Adam's right Music is very complicated The things we do know are - if you're listening to vocal music music with voices while you're reading that is definitely. a distraction Instrumental music is the one where really the jury is out We're starting. a major. study exactly on that So, if you want t...	yeah. we're actually - adam's right. music is very complicated. the things we do know are - if you're listening to vocal music, music with voices, while you're reading, that is definitely a distraction. instrumental music is the one where, really, the jury is out. we're starting a major study exactly on that. so if you...
The reason is that voices engage the exact same part of your brain that listens to - that processes words, whereas instrumental music is processed on the other side of your brain. So there's likely to be less interference. But again, the jury is out, and it's an area we really are diving into because it is so important...	the. reason is that voices engage the exact same part of your brain that listens to - that processes. words whereas instrumental music, is processed on the other side of your brain so there's. likely to be less interference but, again the jury is. out and, it's an area we, really are diving into because, it is so	The reason; is that. voices engage the exact same part. of your brain that listens to - that processes. words whereas instrumental. music is processed, on the other side of your brain So there's likely to be less interference But again the jury is. out and it's an area we really. are diving into because it is so	the reason is that voices engage the exact same part of your brain that listens to - that processes words, whereas instrumental music is processed on the other side of your brain. so there's likely to be less interference. but again, the jury is out, and it's an area we really are diving into because it is so important...
Well, this has been quite interesting. I want to thank both of you for taking time to be with us today.	well this has been quite interesting i want to thank both of you for taking. time to be with us	Well; this has been quite interesting I, want to thank both. of you. for taking time to be with us	well, this has been quite interesting. i want to thank both of you for taking time to be with us today.
Clifford Nass is the author of the forthcoming book, "The Man Who Lied to His Laptop." We'll have you back when the book is out, Cliff, okay?	clifford nass is the author. of the forthcoming book "the man who lied to his laptop" we'll, have you back when the book is out cliff	Clifford, Nass is the author of the forthcoming book "The Man Who Lied to His Laptop" We'll have you back when the book is out Cliff	clifford nass is the author of the forthcoming book, "the man who lied to his laptop." we'll have you back when the book is out, cliff, okay?
Please do.	please	Please,	please do.
Okay. He's also professor of communication at Stanford University. Adam Gazzaley is associate professor of neurology, physiology and psychiatry at the University of California in San Francisco. He's also director of the neuroscience imaging center there. Thanks again for taking time to be with us today.	okay he's also professor of communication at stanford university, adam gazzaley. is associate professor of neurology physiology and psychiatry at the university of california in san francisco he's. also director of the neuroscience imaging center there. thanks again for taking, time to be with us	Okay He's also professor of communication at Stanford, University Adam, Gazzaley. is associate professor of neurology physiology and psychiatry at the University of. California in San Francisco He's also, director of the. neuroscience imaging center there. Thanks again for taking time to be with us,	okay. he's also professor of communication at stanford university. adam gazzaley is associate professor of neurology, physiology and psychiatry at the university of california in san francisco. he's also director of the neuroscience imaging center there. thanks again for taking time to be with us today.
When I gave them the job, I said, it's your job to now take this on and get it done. But I'm not going to stand behind you and push you. You come up with your ideas on how to do it.	when i gave them. the job i said it's your job to now take this. on and get it done but i'm not going to stand behind you, and push you. you come up with your ideas on how to do	When I gave them the job I said it's your job to now take this on and get. it done But I'm not going to stand behind you and push you You come up with your ideas. on, how to do	when i gave them the job, i said, it's your job to now take this on and get it done. but i'm not going to stand behind you and push you. you come up with your ideas on how to do it.
His leadership was tested after the Apollo 1 launch pad fire in 1967. Three astronauts died during a countdown rehearsal. Kraft said he never got over the accident and wrestled with whether the rush to the moon ultimately killed the crew.	his leadership was tested after the apollo. 1 launch pad fire, in 1967. three astronauts died during a; countdown rehearsal kraft, said he never got over the, accident and wrestled with whether the rush to the, moon ultimately killed the.	His leadership, was tested after the Apollo 1 launch; pad fire in 1967. Three astronauts died during a countdown rehearsal Kraft said, he. never got over the accident and wrestled with whether the rush to the moon ultimately, killed the	his leadership was tested after the apollo 1 launch pad fire in 1967. three astronauts died during a countdown rehearsal. kraft said he never got over the accident and wrestled with whether the rush to the moon ultimately killed the crew.
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We allowed poor workmanship to happen. And that was unforgivable, frankly. And we knew it was happening. We weren't willing to stop the wheels to fix it.	we allowed poor workmanship to happen and, that was unforgivable frankly, and, we knew it was happening we weren't willing to stop the. wheels to fix	We allowed poor workmanship to happen And that was unforgivable frankly And we. knew it was happening We weren't willing to stop the wheels to fix.	we allowed poor workmanship to happen. and that was unforgivable, frankly. and we knew it was happening. we weren't willing to stop the wheels to fix it.
Still, he was proud of what he was able to accomplish.	still he was proud. of what he was able to	Still he was proud of what he was able to	still, he was proud of what he was able to accomplish.
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We need to have that curiosity. We need to have that innate feeling of be ready, be prepared. It pays off in success.	we. need to have; that curiosity we need. to have that innate feeling of be. ready be prepared it pays off in	We need to have that curiosity We need, to have that innate feeling of be ready be prepared It pays off, in	we need to have that curiosity. we need to have that innate feeling of be ready, be prepared. it pays off in success.
Many of Kraft's original ideas remain in use today. In fact, Mission Control Center in Houston is named after him. Chris Kraft never once saw a launch with his own eyes. He was either working the mission or, later in life, watching from home on television. Russell Lewis, NPR News.	many of kraft's, original ideas remain in use today, in fact mission, control. center in houston is named after him chris kraft never once saw a launch with, his own eyes he was, either working the mission; or later in life watching. from home, on television russell lewis npr	Many of Kraft's original ideas remain in use today In fact Mission Control Center in Houston is named after him Chris Kraft never once saw a launch with his own eyes He, was either working the mission or. later in life watching, from home; on television Russell Lewis NPR	many of kraft's original ideas remain in use today. in fact, mission control center in houston is named after him. chris kraft never once saw a launch with his own eyes. he was either working the mission or, later in life, watching from home on television. russell lewis, npr news.
Now we'd like to spend a few minutes reviewing what happened this week in Venezuela. This week, opposition leader Juan Guaido again called on Venezuela's military to back him over President Nicolas Maduro. There were clashes in the streets, and some military personnel did come to his side. But so far, the majority of t...	now we'd like; to spend a few minutes reviewing what happened this week in venezuela this week opposition leader juan guaido again called on venezuela's military to back him over president nicolas maduro there were clashes in. the streets and some military personnel did come to his side but so far the majority of the a...	Now. we'd like to spend a few minutes reviewing what happened this week in Venezuela This; week opposition leader Juan, Guaido; again called on Venezuela's military. to back him over President. Nicolas Maduro There were clashes in the streets and some military personnel did, come to his side But so far. the majority of...	now we'd like to spend a few minutes reviewing what happened this week in venezuela. this week, opposition leader juan guaido again called on venezuela's military to back him over president nicolas maduro. there were clashes in the streets, and some military personnel did come to his side. but so far, the majority of t...
We wanted to try to decipher what all this means, so we've called Tim Padgett. He's the Americas editor for member station WLRN. He's reported on Latin America for nearly three decades. And he's with us now from Miami. Tim Padgett, welcome. Thanks for joining us.	we wanted to try to decipher what all this means, so we've called tim padgett he's the americas editor for member station wlrn he's reported on latin america for nearly three decades and he's with us now from miami tim padgett welcome thanks for joining	We wanted to try to decipher what all this means, so we've called Tim Padgett He's the Americas editor, for. member station WLRN He's reported on Latin America for nearly three decades And he's with us now from, Miami Tim Padgett welcome Thanks; for joining	we wanted to try to decipher what all this means, so we've called tim padgett. he's the americas editor for member station wlrn. he's reported on latin america for nearly three decades. and he's with us now from miami. tim padgett, welcome. thanks for joining us.
Thank you, Michel.	thank you,	Thank you	thank you, michel.
So just give me your top lines, and then we'll kind of drill down. First of all, how do you read the political situation there? I mean, I know people have been looking for a tipping point for some time now. Was this week it possibly, or not?	so just give me your, top lines and then we'll kind of drill down first of all, how do you. read the political situation there? i mean i know people have been looking for a tipping point for some time now was this week it possibly or	So just give me your top lines and then we'll kind of drill down First of all how do you read the, political situation there? I mean I know people have been looking for a tipping point for some time now Was this week it possibly or	so just give me your top lines, and then we'll kind of drill down. first of all, how do you read the political situation there? i mean, i know people have been looking for a tipping point for some time now. was this week it possibly, or not?
No, because taking down dictatorships takes time and unfortunately, more time than I think the Trump administration, for example, was willing to give this. The military is the key here. You've got to get the military turned away to abandon Maduro. That takes a lot of methodical and careful negotiation. It takes time. A...	no because taking down dictatorships takes time and unfortunately more time than i think the trump administration, for example, was willing to give; this the military is; the key here you've got to get the military turned away. to abandon maduro that takes a lot of methodical and careful negotiation it. takes time and ...	No because taking, down. dictatorships takes. time and unfortunately more time, than I think the Trump administration, for example was willing to give this The military is the key here You've got to get, the military. turned away to abandon Maduro That. takes a lot of methodical and careful. negotiation It takes time A...	no, because taking down dictatorships takes time and unfortunately, more time than i think the trump administration, for example, was willing to give this. the military is the key here. you've got to get the military turned away to abandon maduro. that takes a lot of methodical and careful negotiation. it takes time. a...
You said in a piece that you wrote earlier this week that - you said each time Guaido vastly overestimated and vastly oversold the desire of the army brass to tip their red berets in his direction. So did his Washington backers. I'm wondering if you think this is a Guaido problem, or is it a Washington problem. Is it t...	you said in a piece, that you wrote earlier this, week that - you, said each time guaido vastly overestimated and vastly, oversold the desire of. the army brass to tip their red berets in his direction so did his washington backers i'm wondering if you think this is a guaido problem or is it a washington problem, is it...	You said in a piece that you wrote earlier this week that - you. said each time. Guaido vastly overestimated and vastly oversold the desire of, the army brass to tip their, red berets. in his direction So did, his Washington backers I'm wondering if you. think this is a Guaido problem or is it. a Washington problem Is ...	you said in a piece that you wrote earlier this week that - you said each time guaido vastly overestimated and vastly oversold the desire of the army brass to tip their red berets in his direction. so did his washington backers. i'm wondering if you think this is a guaido problem, or is it a washington problem. is it t...
It's both. I think Guaido knows that he's on a long haul mission, as I said in that piece. Unfortunately, I think he's feeling a lot of pressure from particularly the United States to create a very expedited, let's say, sort of regime change. And so when he comes to moments like in January, when he declared himself pre...	it's both i think guaido. knows that he's on a long haul mission as i said. in that piece unfortunately i think he's feeling a lot of pressure, from particularly the united, states to create a very expedited let's say sort of regime change and so when he comes to moments like in january when he declared himself preside...	It's both I think Guaido knows that he's on a long haul mission as I said. in that piece Unfortunately I, think he's feeling a lot, of pressure from particularly the United, States. to create a very. expedited let's say sort of regime change And so when he comes to. moments like in January. when he declared himself pre...	it's both. i think guaido knows that he's on a long haul mission, as i said in that piece. unfortunately, i think he's feeling a lot of pressure from particularly the united states to create a very expedited, let's say, sort of regime change. and so when he comes to moments like in january, when he declared himself pre...
He has tended to overestimate if - as I said, oversell - the military's commitment to abandoning Maduro because I don't think at this point the military, particularly the high-command - people like Defense Minister Vladimir Padrino - they haven't been yet sold on the fact that if they do turn in Guaido's direction, the...	he has tended to. overestimate if - as i said oversell. - the. military's commitment to abandoning maduro because i don't think at this point, the military particularly the high-command - people like defense minister vladimir padrino - they haven't been yet sold on the fact, that if they do, turn in guaido's direction....	He has tended to overestimate if - as I said. oversell - the military's commitment to, abandoning Maduro because I don't think at this point the military particularly the high-command - people like Defense Minister Vladimir, Padrino - they haven't been yet sold on, the fact that, if they do turn in Guaido's direction t...	he has tended to overestimate if - as i said, oversell - the military's commitment to abandoning maduro because i don't think at this point the military, particularly the high-command - people like defense minister vladimir padrino - they haven't been yet sold on the fact that if they do turn in guaido's direction, the...
So what are you keeping your eyes on?	so what. are you keeping your eyes	So what are you keeping your eyes	so what are you keeping your eyes on?
As we said before, the military, particularly Defense Minister Vladimir Padrino. And he's a very complicated character. He's U.S. trained, for example. Back in the '80s, he had some training as a military officer here in the United States. But he's also very closely aligned with Russia because he does see himself as so...	as we said before the, military particularly defense minister vladimir padrino and he's a very complicated character, he's, u.s. trained for example back in the '80s he had some training as a military officer here in the united states but he's also very closely aligned with, russia because he does see himself as sort o...	As we. said before the military particularly Defense Minister Vladimir Padrino And he's a very complicated character. He's U.S trained for example Back in the '80s he had some. training. as a; military officer here in the United States But he's also very closely aligned with Russia because he does see himself as sort o...	as we said before, the military, particularly defense minister vladimir padrino. and he's a very complicated character. he's u.s. trained, for example. back in the '80s, he had some training as a military officer here in the united states. but he's also very closely aligned with russia because he does see himself as so...
What I'm hearing from many people, for example, expat leaders here in the diaspora who are in constant contact with Guaido and his team in Venezuela, what they're hearing is that Padrino particularly wants the sort of deal that would not necessitate him having to leave Venezuela. But that's the kind of psychological fa...	what. i'm. hearing from many people. for example expat leaders here in the diaspora who are in constant contact with guaido and his team in venezuela what they're hearing is that padrino particularly wants the sort of deal that would not necessitate him having to leave venezuela but that's the kind of psychological fac...	What I'm hearing. from many people for example, expat leaders here in the diaspora who are in constant contact with Guaido. and his team in Venezuela what they're hearing is that Padrino particularly wants. the, sort of deal that would not necessitate him having. to. leave Venezuela But; that's. the kind of psychologic...	what i'm hearing from many people, for example, expat leaders here in the diaspora who are in constant contact with guaido and his team in venezuela, what they're hearing is that padrino particularly wants the sort of deal that would not necessitate him having to leave venezuela. but that's the kind of psychological fa...
That's Tim Padgett, Americas editor for WLRN in Miami. Tim Padgett, thanks so much for talking to us.	that's tim padgett americas editor. for wlrn in miami tim padgett thanks so much for talking to	That's Tim Padgett. Americas editor for WLRN, in Miami Tim Padgett thanks so much. for talking to	that's tim padgett, americas editor for wlrn in miami. tim padgett, thanks so much for talking to us.
Thank you.	thank	Thank	thank you.
You first heard Richard Barrett, general counsel for the Nationalist Movement and editor of its Web site. Then, we read parts of the written response from mayor Murphy McMillan in Jena, Louisiana. Now, we turn to the big picture.	you first heard richard barrett general counsel for the nationalist movement and editor. of, its web site then we read, parts of the written response from mayor murphy mcmillan; in jena; louisiana now we turn to the big,	You first heard Richard Barrett general counsel for the Nationalist Movement and editor of its Web site Then we read parts of the written response from mayor Murphy McMillan in Jena Louisiana Now we turn to the big	you first heard richard barrett, general counsel for the nationalist movement and editor of its web site. then, we read parts of the written response from mayor murphy mcmillan in jena, louisiana. now, we turn to the big picture.
Mark Potok keeps track of threats and attacks through the Intelligence Project at the Southern Poverty Law Center in Montgomery, Alabama. It investigates and monitors hate groups.	mark potok keeps, track of threats and attacks through the intelligence project. at the southern poverty law center in montgomery alabama it investigates and monitors hate	Mark Potok keeps track of threats and attacks, through the Intelligence Project at the Southern Poverty Law Center in Montgomery Alabama It investigates and, monitors hate	mark potok keeps track of threats and attacks through the intelligence project at the southern poverty law center in montgomery, alabama. it investigates and monitors hate groups.
Welcome, Mark.	welcome	Welcome,	welcome, mark.