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"Springfield, Colorado Springfield is a Statutory Town which is also the county seat and most populous town in Baca County, Colorado, United States. The population was 1,451 at the 2010 census. The town was named after Springfield, Missouri. Frank and Jim Tipton settled in Las Animas, Colorado in 1886. In 1888 or 1889, Jim and Frank secured the title to 80 acres which was the original townsite. They did this using a \"soldiers script\" and named the town after Springfield, Mo, since this is where the Tipton brothers had come from. Springfield is located in north-central Baca County at (37.406629, -102.617243). It is located approximately 30 miles north of the Oklahoma state line. U.S. Routes 287 and 385 pass through the center of the town, leading north to Lamar, Colorado, and south to Boise City, Oklahoma. U.S. Route 160 passes just to the south of the town, leading west to Trinidad, Colorado, and east to Johnson City, Kansas. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. Springfield has a cool semi-arid climate (Köppen \"BSk\") with hot summers featuring mild mornings and occasional heavy thunderstorm rains, and highly variable winters that range from very warm and windy to frigid and relatively still. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,451 people, 715 households, and 409 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,793.8 people per square mile (693.2/km²). There were 838 housing units at an average density of 962.4 per square mile (371.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 94.88% White, 1.15% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 2.56% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.83% of the population. There were 715 households out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.8% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.7% were non-families. 38.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 20.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.80. In the town, the population was spread out with 21.4% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 26.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $28,099, and the median income for a family was $34,107. Males had a median income of $25,385 versus $16,339 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,890. About 14.4% of families and 16.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.6% of those under age 18 and 17.8% of those age 65 or over. Mayor: Lindsay Walker. Town Manager: Rebecca Clark. Board of Trustees: Mayor Pro-Tem Erv Maltbie, Robin Ballard, Shannon Mason, Mike Cooper, Ted Locke and Jim Howard. The superintendent, and elementary principal, is Richard Hargrove, and the high school principal is Kyle Lasley. The town has one library. Notable individuals who were born in or have lived in Springfield include: Springfield, Colorado Springfield is a Statutory Town which is also the county seat and most populous town in Baca County, Colorado, United States. The population was 1,451 at the 2010 census. The town was named after Springfield, Missouri. Frank and Jim Tipton"
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"Charles Keating III Charles Humphrey Keating III (nicknamed C3; born August 20, 1955) is an American former competitive swimmer and real estate executive. He represented the United States in swimming at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec. He was convicted of fraud in the savings and loan crisis, along with his more famous father, but the charges against him were later dismissed. His son, a Navy SEAL operator, was the third American service member to be killed while fighting ISIL in Iraq, in 2016. Charles Keating III was born to Mary Elaine (Fette) and Charles Keating, Jr. on August 20, 1955. The elder Keating had won the national college championship in the 200-yard breaststroke at the NCAA swimming and diving championships in 1946. Charles Keating III is also the brother-in-law of four-time Olympic medalist Gary Hall, Sr., and the uncle of ten-time medalist Gary Hall, Jr. Charles Keating III qualified for Amateur Athletic Union national championships from the age of 13. At St. Xavier High School in Cincinnati, he swam for the state champion varsity team all four years. During his senior year, he won the Ohio state championship in 200 IM and 100 breaststroke. After graduating from St. Xavier in 1973, he went on to swim for Indiana University Bloomington on a scholarship. He graduated in 1977. Keating won the AAU National Championship in 1976 and represented the United States that year at the Montreal Summer Olympics. He finished fifth in the final of the men's 200-meter breaststroke. He was inducted into the St. Xavier Hall of Fame in 2006 and has also been inducted into the Indiana University Hall of Fame. After graduation, Keating quickly rose through the ranks at his father's American Continental Corporation, becoming an executive vice president by 1986. In 1993, Keating was convicted on 64 counts of fraud and conspiracy as a co-conspirator with his father in the collapse of American Continental and Lincoln Savings and Loan Association (see savings and loan crisis). The younger Keating was sentenced to eight years and one month in prison and $97.3 million in restitution but remained free on bail pending appeals. In 1996, U.S. District Judge John Davies overturned their convictions, ruling that the jury in the 1993 case was prejudiced by rulings against the elder Keating at the state level. In April 1999, federal prosecutors agreed to a plea bargain with the elder Keating in which all outstanding charges were dismissed against his son. After the scandal, Keating continued to work as a real estate developer in Phoenix. Keating III's son, Charles Keating IV, graduated from Arcadia High in 2004 and went on to compete for the Cross Country team at Indiana University. After two athletic seasons, Keating IV joined the Navy SEALs and trained at the Naval Amphibious Base Coronado in California. He was deployed to the American-led intervention in Iraq, supporting Iraqi Kurdistan's Peshmerga forces in an advise and assist mission in a 30-man unit. On May 3, 2016, Keating IV, a petty officer, first class, was killed by small arms fire during an ISIL assault on a Peshmerga position approximately 3 to 5 kilometers behind enemy lines, near the town of Tel Asqof, 28–30 km north of Mosul. ISIL militants broke into the position using three truck bombs followed by bulldozers which cleared the wreckage away, the U.S. responded with fighter, bomber and drone carrying out 31 airstrikes; which killed 58 IS militants and destroyed 20 vehicles, stopping the attack. Keating IV was part of a nearly 20-man QRF that was sent to rescue a dozen U.S. advisors and to assist the Peshmerga, during the battle the SEALs ran low on ammunition and Keating's machine gun malfunctioned so he went back to a nearby coalition vehicle to get a new weapon and additional ammunition. Keating, now armed with a sniper rifle, climbed on top of a building and began firing on the ISIS fighters. It was at this point that Keating was struck by enemy fire. He was medevac'd to a hospital where he was declared dead. Arizona governor Doug Ducey ordered state flags be flown at half mast on May 4. He was posthumously awarded the Silver Star for his actions in a battle against about 100 ISIS fighters on March 4, 2016, in Syria. The award was later upgraded to a Navy Cross, the US military's second highest award for valor. Charles Keating III Charles Humphrey Keating III (nicknamed C3; born August 20, 1955) is an American former competitive swimmer and real estate executive. He represented the United States in swimming at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec. He was convicted of fraud in the savings and loan crisis, along with his more famous father, but the charges against him were later dismissed. His son, a Navy SEAL operator,"
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"Michael Woolworth Michael Woolworth (born in 1960) is a master printer of American origin, living and working in Paris. He makes original editions with contemporary artists. His atelier specializes exclusively in printing techniques on hand presses: stone lithography, woodcut, monotype, linocut, etching and multiples. Michael Woolworth moved to Paris from the United States in 1979, and began working with Franck Bordas (grandson of the French master printer and lithographer Fernand Mourlot), who had just established his own lithography studio. He worked there for six years, working with artists as Gilles Aillaud, Jorge Camacho, Henri Cueco, Erró, Daniel Pommereulle, Jean Messagier, Hervé Di Rosa, François Boisrond, Roberto Matta and Jean Dubuffet. He opened his own Parisian atelier in 1985 with a project with the Surrealist Matta, bringing together 90 scenes inspired by Cervantes’ Don Quixote. He then undertook collaborations with Daniel Pommereulle and Jorge Camacho, and with several others, in particular the Spaniard José Maria Sicilia, with whom he began a long collaboration of more than 200 editions, among them, in 2004, a “rug” in lithography on 84 pieces of plaster measuring 3 m x 9 m, for an exhibition of contemporary art at the Louvre Museum. Since 2003, he has produced a large number of works with the American artist Jim Dine, including more than one hundred prints, many in large format, as well as two lithography books on Pinocchio. In 2011, Michael Woolworth was awarded the Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres and was also given the title by the French state of 'Maître d'Art'. Some of the artists who have worked with him are: His publications have been acquired in many public and private collections, including: Bibliothèque nationale de France Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris Fonds National d’art contemporain Museum of Modern Art, New York New York Public Library Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Brooklyn Museum, New York Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Spain National Museum of Canberra, Australia University of Leipzig Library Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna Le Centre de la Gravure et de l'Image imprimée, La Louvière, Belgium Kyoto Art Museum, Japan Michael Woolworth organizes and participates in events and exhibitions in his atelier, located just off the Place de la Bastille, as well as in galleries, museums, libraries and art fairs. Selected recent exhibitions: 2011 Musee d'Art Moderrne de la Ville de Paris, Marc Desgrandchamps. Château de Chambord, Djamel Tatah. Atelier Michael Woolworth, ‘ANDERS’, project with Frédérique Loutz, inspired by the fairy-tales by Hans Christian Andersen, with poems by . 2010 Jim Dine exhibition at the Atelier Woolworth : book launching of Donkey in the Sea Before Us, published by the atelier with lithographs and original poems by Dine. 2009 Museum of Modern Art, Boras, Sweden, exhibition on ‘Jim Dine’s Pinocchio’. ‘La Force de l'Art 02’, Paris. Large installation by Frédérique Loutz at the Grand Palais, with the “Fèdre” project and a wallpaper produced by the atelier. 2008 ‘5 / 5: Loud and Clear’, Librairie Saint-Hubert, Brussels - Vincent Corpet, Marc Desgrandchamps, Frédérique Loutz, Stéphane Pencréac’h, Djamel Tatah Lithography by A.R. Penck created for the Musée d’art moderne de la ville, Paris. 2007 Vitrine by Djamel Tatah, Centre Georges Pompidou, in conjunction with the exhibition ‘Airs de Paris’. ‘L’Odyssée de Jim Dine’, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Caen, France. 2006 ‘Jim Dine’s Pinocchio’, New York Public Library. ‘Peinture et poésie : le dialogue par le livre’, New York Public Library, with the artist’s book Impromptu by José Maria Sicilia, with poems by Jacques Dupin. 2005 ‘Jim Dine. Plants and Tools’, Alan Cristea gallery, Londres. 2004 ‘Jim Dine’s Garden’, Pace Prints, New York. Musée du Louvre, Paris. ‘Contrepoint’, installation by José Maria Sicilia. Michael Woolworth Michael Woolworth (born in 1960) is a master printer of American origin, living and working in Paris. He makes original editions with contemporary artists. His atelier specializes exclusively in printing techniques on hand presses: stone lithography, woodcut, monotype, linocut, etching and multiples. Michael Woolworth moved to Paris from the United States in 1979, and began working with Franck Bordas (grandson of the French master printer and lithographer Fernand Mourlot), who had just established his own lithography studio. He worked there for six years, working with artists as Gilles Aillaud,"
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"Deer hunting Deer hunting is meat hunting or sport hunting for deer, which dates back tens of thousands of years. There are many types of deer around the world that are hunted. New Zealand has had 10 species of deer (Cervidae) introduced. From the 1850s, red deer were liberated, followed by fallow, sambar, wapiti, sika, rusa, and whitetail. The introduced herds of axis and moose failed to grow, and have become extinct. In the absence of predators to control populations, deer were thought to be a pest due to their effect on native vegetation. From the 1950s the government employed professional hunters to cull the deer population. Deer hunting is now a recreational activity, organised and advocated for at the national level by the New Zealand Deerstalkers' Association. The two main species of deer found in the United States are mule deer and white-tailed deer. Mule deer have a black-tipped tail which is proportionally smaller than that of the white-tailed deer. The male deer or bucks grow antlers annually. The mule deer have taller skinnier tines on their antlers where white-tailed deer typically have shorter thicker tines White-tailed bucks are slightly smaller than mule deer bucks. Both of the species lose their antlers in January, and regrow the antlers during the following summer beginning in June.[1] Although both species are found in the United States where they are found is vastly different. Mule deer are found in the western United States in the foothills of the mountains. As their antlers become fully developed, they will start to shed their velvet. Velvet is vascularised tissue that is a furry skin-like material that covers the growing antlers. The velvet will fall off of the deer when their antlers start to harden in late summer to early fall to get ready for mating season in the winter. If te velvet doesn't fall off on its own they will make a \"rub\" on a small tree. This is then they rub their antlers to both Mark territory and to take the remaining velvet off of their antlers. [2] Methods of pursuing game for wild meat and corresponding seasons are subject to regulation by state governments and therefore vary from state to state. A state government agency such as a Department of Fish and Wildlife (DFW) or Department of Natural Resources (DNR) oversees the regulations. Deer hunting seasons vary across the United States. In game zone 3 in the state of South Carolina, deer hunting season starts August 15th and runs through January 1st. Some seasons in states such as Florida and Kentucky start as early as September and can go all the way until February like in Texas. The length of the season is often based on the health and population of the deer herd, in addition to the number of hunters expected to be participating in the deer hunt. The durations of deer hunting seasons can also vary by county within a state, as in Kentucky. In the case of South Carolina, the season varies by SCDNR region. Each region has multiple counties. The DFW will also create specific time frames within the season where the number of hunters able to hunt is limited, which is known as a controlled hunt. The DFW may also break the deer-hunting season into different time periods where only certain weapons are permitted: bows only (compound, recurve, and crossbows), modern firearms (rifles and shotguns) or black-powder muzzleloaders. (Note also that some states, such as Kentucky, consider only compound and recurve bows as \"bows\" for hunting regulation purposes, and have special seasons for crossbows.) For example, during a bows-only season, in many areas a hunter would be limited to the use of a bow and the use of any firearm would be prohibited until that specific season opens, and in some areas a crossbow can only be used during a dedicated season for that weapon. Similarly, during a muzzleloader season, use of modern firearms is almost always prohibited. However, in many states, the archery season (at least for compound and recurve bows) completely overlaps all firearms seasons; in those locations, bowhunters may take deer during a firearms season. Some states also have restrictions on hunting of antlered or antlerless deer. For example, Kentucky allows the taking of antlerless deer during any deer season in most of the state, but in certain areas allows only antlered deer to be taken during parts of deer season. There are six species of deer in the UK : red deer, roe deer, fallow deer, Sika deer, Reeves muntjac deer, and Chinese water deer, as well as hybrids of these deer. All are hunted to a degree reflecting their relative population either as sport or for the purposes of culling. Closed seasons for deer vary by species. The practice of declaring a closed season in England dates back to medieval times, when it was called \"fence month\" and commonly lasted from June 9 to July 9, though the actual dates varied. It is illegal to use bows to hunt any wild animal in the UK under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. UK deer stalkers, if supplying venison (in fur) to game dealers, butchers and restaurants, need to hold a Lantra level 2 large game meat hygiene certificate. Courses are run by organisations such as the British Association for Shooting and Conservation and this qualification is also included within the Level 1 deer stalking certificate. If supplying venison for public consumption (meat), the provider must have a fully functioning and clean larder that meets FSA standards and must register as a food business with the local authority. The vast majority of deer hunted in the UK are stalked. The phrase \"deer hunting\" is used to refer (in England and Wales) to the traditional practice of chasing deer with packs of hounds, currently illegal under the Hunting Act 2004. In the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there were several packs of staghounds hunting \"carted deer\" in England and Ireland. Carted deer were red deer kept in captivity for the sole purpose of being hunted and recaptured alive. More recently, there were three packs of staghounds hunting wild red deer of both sexes on or around Exmoor and the New Forest Buckhounds hunting fallow deer bucks in the New Forest, the latter disbanding in 1997. The practice of hunting with hounds, other than using two hounds to flush deer to be shot by waiting marksmen, has been banned in the UK since 2005; to date, two people have been convicted of breaking the law. There is one pack of stag hounds in the Republic of Ireland and one in Northern Ireland, the former operating under a licence to hunt carted deer. In Australia, there are six species of deer that are available to hunt. These are Fallow deer, Sambar, Red deer, Rusa, Chital, and Hog deer. Deer hunting Deer hunting is meat hunting or sport hunting for deer, which dates back tens of thousands of years. There are many types of deer around the world that are hunted. New Zealand has had 10 species of deer (Cervidae) introduced. From the 1850s, red deer were liberated, followed by fallow, sambar, wapiti, sika, rusa, and whitetail. The"
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"Alexander Andreyevich Svechin Alexander Andreyevich Svechin (; 17 August 1878, Odessa – 28 July 1938) was a Russian and Soviet military leader, military writer, educator and theorist, and author of the military classic \"Strategy\". He was born in Odessa, where his father was a general in the Imperial Russian Army. He was of Russian ethnicity. His elder brother Mikhail Svechin (1876–1969) was a cavalry officer in the \"cuirassiers\" who fought in Russo-Japanese War and World War I, joined the White movement in Russian Civil War and died in France in 1969. He studied at St. Petersburg Cadet Corps, then in the Mikhailovsky Artillery School. He graduated from the General Staff Academy in 1903. He participated in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 as a Company Commander in the 22nd Eastern Siberian Regiment, and subsequently as a staff officer at the headquarters of the 16th Army Corps, and a staff officer at the headquarters of the 3rd Manchurian Army. After the start of World War I, he was assigned the command of the 5th Finland Rifle Regiment, and was later named Chief of Staff of the 7th Infantry Division, commander of the Black Sea Marine Division, major general in 1916 and finally chief of staff of the Russian 5th Army. Following the October Revolution, in March 1918, he joined the Bolsheviks and was immediately appointed military commander of the Smolensk region. He rose to become the head of the All-Russian General Staff. In October 1918, Following disagreements with the Soviet commander-in-chief Jukums Vācietis, Svechin was removed from his position and appointed professor at the Academy of General Staff of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. The new position enabled Svechin to combine his talent as a writer with his knowledge of military strategy. His work \"Strategy\" became required reading at Soviet military schools. In February 1931, in a purge of former czarist officers in the Red Army, Svechin was arrested and sentenced to 5 years imprisonment in the gulags. However, in February 1932, he was released and returned to active duty as a divisional commander in the Red Army. He was posted first at the intelligence agency of the General Staff and then at the Academy of General Staff of the Red Army. He was arrested again on 30 December 1937. His name was included in death list № 107, dated 26 July 1938 and signed by Joseph Stalin and Vyacheslav Molotov. On 29 July 1938, he was sentenced to death by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on charges of \"participating in a counter-revolutionary organization\" and \"training terrorists\". He was executed on 29 July 1938, and his body was buried in the Moscow region of Kommunarka. He was rehabilitated 8 September 1956. His name appears in Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's cycle of novels \"The Red Wheel\". Alexander Andreyevich Svechin Alexander Andreyevich Svechin (; 17 August 1878, Odessa – 28 July 1938) was a Russian and Soviet military leader, military writer, educator and theorist, and author of the military classic"
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"Constant sheaf In mathematics, the constant sheaf on a topological space \"X\" associated to a set \"A\" is a sheaf of sets on \"X\" whose stalks are all equal to \"A\". It is denoted by or \"A\". The constant presheaf with value \"A\" is the presheaf that assigns to each non-empty open subset of \"X\" the value \"A\", and all of whose restriction maps are the identity map . The constant sheaf associated to \"A\" is the sheafification of the constant presheaf associated to \"A\". In certain cases, the set \"A\" may be replaced with an object \"A\" in some category C (e.g. when C is the category of abelian groups, or commutative rings). Constant sheaves of abelian groups appear in particular as coefficients in sheaf cohomology. Let \"X\" be a topological space, and \"A\" a set. The sections of the constant sheaf over an open set \"U\" may be interpreted as the continuous functions , where \"A\" is given the discrete topology. If \"U\" is connected, then these locally constant functions are constant. If \"f\": \"X\" → {pt} is the unique map to the one-point space and \"A\" is considered as a sheaf on {pt}, then the inverse image \"f\"\"A\" is the constant sheaf on \"X\". The sheaf space of is the projection map \"X\" × \"A\" → \"X\" (where \"A\" is given the discrete topology). Let \"X\" be the topological space consisting of two points \"p\" and \"q\" with the discrete topology. \"X\" has four open sets: ∅, {\"p\"}, {\"q\"}, }. The five non-trivial inclusions of the open sets of \"X\" are shown in the chart. A presheaf on \"X\" chooses a set for each of the four open sets of \"X\" and a restriction map for each of the nine inclusions (five non-trivial inclusions and four trivial ones). The constant presheaf with value Z, which we will denote \"F\", is the presheaf which chooses all four sets to be Z, the integers, and all restriction maps to be the identity. \"F\" is a functor, hence a presheaf, because it is constant. \"F\" satisfies the gluing axiom, but it is not a sheaf because it fails the local identity axiom on the empty set. This is because the empty set is covered by the empty family of sets: Vacuously, any two sections of \"F\" over the empty set are equal when restricted to any set in the empty family. The local identity axiom would therefore imply that any two sections of \"F\" over the empty set are equal, but this is not true. A similar presheaf \"G\" which satisfies the local identity axiom over the empty set is constructed as follows. Let , where 0 is a one-element set. On all non-empty sets, give \"G\" the value Z. For each inclusion of open sets, \"G\" returns either the unique map to 0, if the smaller set is empty, or the identity map on Z. Notice that as a consequence of the local identity axiom for the empty set, all the restriction maps involving the empty set are boring. This is true for any presheaf satisfying the local identity axiom for the empty set, and in particular for any sheaf. \"G\" is a separated presheaf which satisfies the local identity axiom, but unlike \"F\" it fails the gluing axiom. } is covered by the two open sets {\"p\"} and {\"q\"}, and these sets have empty intersection. A section on {\"p\"} or on {\"q\"} is an element of Z, that is, it is a number. Choose a section \"m\" over {\"p\"} and \"n\" over {\"q\"}, and assume that . Because \"m\" and \"n\" restrict to the same element 0 over ∅, the gluing axiom requires the existence of a unique section \"s\" on which restricts to \"m\" on {\"p\"} and \"n\" on {\"q\"}. But because the restriction map from } to {\"p\"} is the identity, , and similarly , so , a contradiction. Constant sheaf In mathematics, the constant sheaf on a topological space \"X\" associated to a set \"A\" is a sheaf of sets on \"X\" whose stalks are all equal to \"A\". It is denoted by or \"A\". The constant presheaf with value \"A\" is the presheaf that"
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"Scorpius (novel) Scorpius, first published in 1988, is the seventh novel by John Gardner featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond. Carrying the Glidrose Publications copyright, it was first published in the United Kingdom by Hodder & Stoughton (the first original Bond novel not to be published by Jonathan Cape) and in the United States by Putnam. After being connected to the death of a woman in London, Bond is called in by M to aid the investigation. Returning from Hereford, Special Air Service Sergeant Pearlman tags along by driving Bond back, during which they are attacked and involved in a high-speed chase on an English motorway. Upon safely returning to headquarters, Bond is briefed on the investigation by M and Chief Superintendent Bailey. The woman, whom Bond does not know, was found dead with Bond's telephone number. She is a member of a cult society known as \"The Meek Ones\", operated by a Father Valentine. With additional information from the CIA, the British Secret Service learn that Valentine is an alias for Vladimir Scorpius, an arms dealer for several terrorist organisations. As the country's general election approaches, by the use of brainwashed cult members, Scorpius has begun a \"holy war\" against every man, woman, and child. The cult members, thinking themselves to be pure, moral, and unsullied, sacrifice their lives for \"the greater good of humanity\" believing that by performing this \"death task\" that they will achieve paradise. Throughout the novel, The Meek Ones commit several acts of terrorism including multiple terrorist bombings and several assassinations of British politicians. Throughout the horror, Bond meets Harriett Horner, an IRS agent working undercover in England and investigating a credit card company run by Scorpius. The two work together along with Pearlman to attempt to track down Scorpius. After an interrogation of a captured cult member, Horner is taken captive by Scorpius' men. Additionally, Pearlman confesses to Bond that he was secretly giving Scorpius information for the benefit of his daughter who had been brainwashed. Together the two set out for Scorpius' base of operations in South Carolina, having Scorpius believe Pearlman was taking Bond captive. At Scorpius' island, Bond meets up with Horner once again and the two actually marry at the behest of Scorpius. Knowing that the marriage is invalid, Bond agrees to go ahead with it thinking it would buy him time until he can escape. On the night the two decide to escape, Harriett is killed by a water moccasin. At the same time the FBI is conducting a raid of Scorpius' island, which further angers Bond since her death was in vain. Bond returns to the island, finding Scorpius attempting to flee. After giving chase, Bond successfully gets the upper hand and forces Scorpius to die in a similar manner to that of Horner. Scorpius (novel) Scorpius, first published in 1988, is the seventh novel by John Gardner featuring Ian Fleming's secret agent, James Bond. Carrying the Glidrose Publications copyright, it was first published in the United"
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"USS LST-957 USS \"LST-957\" was an in the United States Navy. Like many of her class, she was not named and is properly referred to by her hull designation. \"LST-957\" was laid down on 30 September 1944, at Hingham, Massachusetts, by the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard; launched on 30 October 1944; and commissioned on 20 November 1944, with Lieutenant Samuel B. Wardwell, Jr., USNR, in command. During World War II, \"LST-957\" was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater and participated in the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto in April and May 1945. Following the war, she performed occupation duty in the Far East until early October 1945. The ship was decommissioned on 20 May 1946, and sold to Bosey, Philippines, on 5 December 1947. She was struck from the Navy list on 22 January 1948. \"LST-957\" earned one battle star for World War II service. Online resources USS LST-957 USS \"LST-957\" was an in the United States Navy. Like many of her class, she was not named and is properly referred to by her hull designation. \"LST-957\" was laid down on 30 September 1944, at Hingham, Massachusetts, by the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard; launched on 30 October 1944; and commissioned on 20 November 1944,"
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"Continuous Journey (film) Continuous Journey is a 2004 documentary film directed by Indian-Canadian film-maker Ali Kazimi. The film chronicles the events that took place during the 1914 voyage of the Komagata Maru. In 1914, a Singapore-based Sikh known as Baba Gurdit Singh took the SS Komagata Maru on a voyage to transport Indian immigrants over to Canada. On May 23, 1914, the Japanese ship arrived in Vancouver with 376 passengers: 340 Sikhs, 24 Muslims, and 12 Hindus. Feeling confident due to a great portion of the men having war relations to the British Indian Army, Gurdit Sing soon realized that it wasn't so easy for his men to live in Canada. This was due to an act they weren't yet aware of: the continuous journey regulation of 1908, which excluded Indians and South Asians from being able to enter the country. \"Continuous Journey\" was screened at many festivals upon its release in 2004. Following its premier, the film won various awards including the Best Documentary Feature Audience Award at the 23rd San Francisco International Asian American Film Festival and also won second place for the Audience Award along with an honorable mention for Best Director both at Hot Docs 2004. The documentary garnered many positive reviews from critics. Canadian documentary director Peter Wintonick wrote in an issue of POV Magazine on the film's brilliance and stated \"rarely has a documentary been so beautifully directed and rendered, shot for shot, image by image, pan by pan, zoom by zoom.\" Ali Kazimi's knowledge of the events depicted in the film was adored by Susan Walker of Toronto Star as she commented \"Kazimi has gone at the incident from every angle... (His) interviews with historians both in Canada and India provide a rich context for the fate of the 375 rejected immigrants.\" List of documentary films List of Canadian directors List of racism-related films Continuous Journey (film) Continuous Journey is a 2004 documentary film directed by Indian-Canadian film-maker Ali Kazimi. The film chronicles the events that took place during the 1914 voyage of the Komagata Maru. In 1914, a Singapore-based Sikh known as Baba Gurdit Singh took the SS Komagata Maru on a voyage to transport Indian immigrants over to Canada. On May 23, 1914, the Japanese ship arrived in Vancouver with 376 passengers: 340 Sikhs, 24 Muslims, and 12 Hindus. Feeling confident due to a great portion of the men having war"
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"Iowa Highway 188 Iowa Highway 188 (Iowa 188) is a state highway in north-central Iowa. The route is signed both north-south and east-west because of a 90-degree corner near the route's midpoint. The route begins at Iowa Highway 3 south of Clarksville and ends at U.S. Route 63 near Tripoli. Iowa Highway 188 begins at a T intersection with Iowa Highway 3 south of Clarksville. From Iowa 3, Iowa 188 heads north where it crosses the Shell Rock River and forms the eastern boundary of Heery Woods State Park. It passes through Clarksville and continues north for . At four-way intersection with Butler County Road T64 and a gravel road, Iowa 188 turns to the east and becomes an east–west road for the remainder of its journey. Iowa 188 heads east for where it crosses into Bremer County one mile (1.6 km) west of Plainfield. One half-mile (0.8 km) into Bremer County, is a diamond interchange with U.S. Route 218 and Iowa Highway 27, the Avenue of the Saints highway. In Plainfield, Iowa 188 crosses over the Cedar River. It continues due east for , ending at U.S. Route 63 north of Tripoli. Iowa 188 was designated in 1945 as a route which connected US 218 at Plainfield to US 63. It first appeared on the state highway map in 1946. Four years later, the highway absorbed Iowa 53, which connected Clarksville to Iowa 10. Until 1963, the highway appeared very much like it does today. That year the section of highway between Clarksville and Plainfield was turned over to Butler County officials and the section south of Clarksville became Iowa 122. Just three years later, the Iowa State Highway Commission changed course and reabsorbed Iowa 122. Since then the routing has not changed. Iowa Highway 188 Iowa Highway 188"
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"Mark E. Clayton Mark E. Clayton (born 1977) is an American politician who was the Democratic nominee in the 2012 U.S. Senate election in Tennessee. In the August 2 primary election, Clayton received his party's nomination with roughly 30 percent of the vote in a multi-candidate field. The day after his nomination, the Tennessee Democratic Party disavowed his candidacy, citing Clayton's association with an anti-gay group. Clayton lost to incumbent Republican Bob Corker in the November 6 general election. Clayton was born in Mobile in south Alabama, but he was reared in Alexandria, Virginia. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. William Gill Clayton, were Goldwater Republicans. His father lobbied Congress on religious liberty issues. Clayton graduated from high school and served in the United States Army Reserve. He studied to be an aircraft electrician before he enrolled at Pensacola Christian College in Pensacola, Florida, from which he graduated in 2002. In 2003, Clayton moved to Nashville. His father died in 2004 and Clayton purchased a 1920s-era farmhouse on three acres in Whites Creek in suburban Davidson County. Clayton, who has never been married, lives in Whites Creek with his dog, Saint. Clayton has worked at numerous jobs, including Target, a call center, as a floor installer, and as a salesperson of insurance, siding, and roofs. He is a church youth group leader. He is currently employed with a moving company. Clayton first ran for U.S. Senate in 2008, when he finished fourth among six candidates in the Democratic primary with 32,309 votes. Bob Tuke won the nomination with 59,000 votes and was then decisively defeated in the general election by the Republican incumbent Lamar Alexander of Maryville, whom Clayton had described as a \"neo-conservative\", After Clayton's primary triumph, the Tennessee Democratic Party disavowed his candidacy and his vice-presidency of the socially conservative interest group, the Public Advocate of the United States, based in Washington, D.C. The group has been labelled a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center for its anti-gay rhetoric. The Tennessee Democratic Party issued this statement: The only time that Clayton has voted in a Democratic primary was when he was voting for himself. Many Democrats in Tennessee knew nothing about any of the candidates in the race; so they voted for the person at the top of the ticket. Unfortunately, none of the other Democratic candidates was able to run the race needed to gain statewide visibility or support. Mark Clayton is associated with a known hate group in Washington, D.C., and the Tennessee Democratic Party disavows his candidacy, will not do anything to promote or support him in any way, and urges Democrats to write-in a candidate of their choice in November. Clayton won the Democratic nomination with 30% of the vote, despite raising no money and having a website that was four years out of date. The next day Tennessee's Democratic Party disavowed the candidate over his active role in the Public Advocate of the United States, which they described as a \"known hate group\". They blamed his victory among candidates, for whom the TNDP provided little forums to become known, on the fact that his name appeared first on the ballot, and said they would do nothing to help his campaign, urging Democrats to vote for \"the write-in candidate of their choice\" in November. One of the Democratic candidates, Larry Crim, filed a petition seeking to offer the voters a new primary in which to select a Democratic Nominee based on Democratic Chair Chip Forrester permitting Clayton, a nondemocratic candidate, at the top of ballot to benefit a candidate Forrester recruited and improperly endorsed - Overall - who did not win the primary. Forrester then disavowed Clayton he had allowed on the ballot after he received the most votes. The background is that the TNDP placed little emphasis on the U.S. Senate race in 2012 to replace Corker. Treasurer and Financial benefactor of the TNDP Bill Freeman who was under Forrester actually contributed to Republican Bob Corker's campaign and was later removed from office, followed by Forrester's not seeking another term subsequent to the TNDP 2012 fiasco. Crim filed a preliminary motion seeking a temporary restraining order against certification of the results until the merits of the case for a new primary could be decided. Yet, after a judge denied the temporary restraining order Crim withdrew his petition stating at a news conference outside the Federal Courthouse that the costs of proceeding and the costs of a new primary to the Democratic Party, even if Crim won, would be overwhelming especially given the political realities the party leaders conducted and permitted to the detriment of any Democratic Nominee. Mr. Crim was subsequently elected Chair of Democrats United For Tennessee in 2012. Clayton's nomination has been compared to that of the previously unknown Alvin Greene in the Democratic primary in the 2010 Senate race in South Carolina. Greene was then handily defeated by the Republican Jim DeMint. Clayton attempted to register as a candidate in the Democratic primary for the Tennessee governor in 2014. The Democratic Party of Tennessee denied his attempt to run in the primary election, describing him as, \"not a bona fide Democrat.\" Clayton filed a suit in federal court, but lost when the judge found there were no grounds for the suit at the federal level. Clayton opposes abortion and same-sex marriage. He believes that the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) should be shut down, stating that the TSA \"mandates [transsexuals] and homosexuals grabbing children in their stranger-danger zones.\" He opposes national ID cards. \"The Washington Post\" and \"Vox\" describe him as a conspiracy theorist. Clayton's work at the Public Advocate of the United States, a conservative group based in Washington, D.C., has come under scrutiny. The group has been designated as an anti-gay hate group by the Alabama-based Southern Poverty Law Center. In a press release The Public Advocate proclaimed that it \"associates with members of both major parties in a non-partisan fashion and promotes traditional values\". The organization contends that Clayton has demonstrated that \"an American patriot can put his or her name on the ballot and win big as a conservative, even in the Democratic Party.\" A Clayton spokesman criticized the state Democratic party for disowning the nominee and argued that the state party had violated the law by using its resources to attack one of its own candidates. The Clayton campaign also said that it would file a complaint with the Federal Election Commission. Mark E. Clayton Mark E. Clayton (born 1977) is an American politician who was the Democratic nominee in the 2012 U.S. Senate election"
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"Sender Policy Framework Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is an email authentication method designed to detect forged sender addresses in emails (email spoofing), a technique often used in phishing and email spam. SPF allows the receiver to check that an email claiming to come from a specific domain comes from an IP address authorized by that domain's administrators. The list of authorized sending hosts and IP addresses for a domain is published in the DNS records for that domain. Sender Policy Framework is defined in RFC 7208 dated April 2014 as a \"proposed standard\". The first public mention of the concept was in 2000 but went mostly unnoticed. No mention was made of the concept again until a first attempt at an SPF-like specification was published in 2002 on the IETF \"namedroppers\" mailing list by Dana Valerie Reese (née Green), who was unaware of the 2000 mention of the idea. The very next day, Paul Vixie posted his own SPF-like specification on the same list. These posts ignited a lot of interest, and eventually led to the forming of the IETF Anti-Spam Research Group (ASRG) and their mailing list, where the SPF idea was debated among a subscriber base that seemed to grow exponentially day by day. Among the proposals submitted to the ASRG were \"Reverse MX\" (RMX) by Hadmut Danisch, and \"Designated Mailer Protocol\" (DMP) by Gordon Fecyk. In June 2003, Meng Weng Wong merged the RMX and DMP specifications and solicited suggestions from other programmers. Over the next six months, a large number of changes were made and a large community had started working on SPF. Originally SPF stood for \"Sender Permitted From\" and was sometimes also called SMTP+SPF, but its name was changed to \"Sender Policy Framework\" in February 2004. In early 2004, the IETF created the MARID working group and tried to use SPF and Microsoft's CallerID proposal as the basis for what is now known as Sender ID. After the collapse of MARID, the SPF community returned to the original \"classic\" version of SPF. In July 2005, this version of the specification was approved by the IESG as an IETF \"experiment\", inviting the community to observe SPF during the two years following publication. On April 28, 2006, the SPF RFC was published as experimental RFC 4408. In April 2014 IETF published SPF in RFC 7208 as a \"proposed standard\". The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol permits any computer to send email claiming to be from any source address. This is exploited by spammers who often use forged email addresses, making it more difficult to trace a message back to its source, and easy for spammers to hide their identity in order to avoid responsibility. It is also used in phishing techniques, where users can be duped into disclosing private information in response to an email purportedly sent by an organization such as a bank. SPF allows the owner of an Internet domain to specify which computers are authorized to send mail with envelope-from addresses in that domain, using Domain Name System (DNS) records. Receivers verifying the SPF information in TXT records may reject messages from unauthorized sources before receiving the body of the message. Thus, the principles of operation are similar to those of DNS-based blackhole lists (DNSBL), except that SPF uses the authority delegation scheme of the Domain Name System. Current practice requires the use of TXT records, just as early implementations did. For a while a new record type (SPF, type 99) was registered and made available in common DNS software. Use of TXT records for SPF was intended as a transitional mechanism at the time. The experimental RFC, RFC 4408, section 3.1.1, suggested \"an SPF-compliant domain name SHOULD have SPF records of both RR types\". The proposed standard, RFC 7208, says \"use of alternative DNS RR types was supported in SPF's experimental phase but has been discontinued\". The envelope-from address is transmitted at the beginning of the SMTP dialog. If the server rejects the domain, the unauthorized client should receive a rejection message, and if that client was a relaying message transfer agent (MTA), a bounce message to the original envelope-from address may be generated. If the server accepts the domain, and subsequently also accepts the recipients and the body of the message, it should insert a Return-Path field in the message header in order to save the envelope-from address. While the address in the Return-Path often matches other originator addresses in the mail header such as the \"header-from\", this is not necessarily the case, and SPF does not prevent forgery of these other addresses such as \"sender\" header. Spammers can send email with an SPF PASS result if they have an account in a domain with a sender policy, or abuse a compromised system in this domain. However, doing so makes the spammer easier to trace. The main benefit of SPF is to the owners of email addresses that are forged in the Return-Path. They receive large numbers of unsolicited error messages and other auto-replies. If such receivers use SPF to specify their legitimate source IP addresses and indicate FAIL result for all other addresses, receivers checking SPF can reject forgeries, thus reducing or eliminating the amount of backscatter. SPF has potential advantages beyond helping identify unwanted mail. In particular, if a sender provides SPF information, then receivers can use SPF PASS results in combination with a white list to identify known reliable senders. Scenarios like compromised systems and shared sending mailers limit this use. If a domain publishes an SPF record, spammers and phishers are less likely to forge emails pretending to be from that domain, because the forged emails are more likely to be caught in spam filters which check the SPF record. Therefore, an SPF-protected domain is less attractive to spammers and phishers. Because an SPF-protected domain is less attractive as a spoofed address, it is less likely to be blacklisted by spam filters and so ultimately the legitimate email from the domain is more likely to get through. SPF breaks plain message forwarding. When a domain publishes an SPF FAIL policy, legitimate messages sent to receivers forwarding their mail to third parties may be rejected and/or bounced if all of the following occur: This is a necessary and obvious feature of SPF – checks \"behind\" the \"border\" MTA (MX) of the receiver cannot work directly. Publishers of SPF FAIL policies must accept the risk of their legitimate emails being rejected or bounced. They should test (e.g., with a SOFTFAIL policy) until they are satisfied with the results. See below for a list of alternatives to plain message forwarding. For an empty Return-Path as used in error messages and other auto-replies, an SPF check of the HELO identity is mandatory. With a bogus HELO identity the result NONE would not help, but for valid host names SPF also protects the HELO identity. This SPF feature was always supported as an option for receivers, and later SPF drafts including the final specification recommend to check the HELO always. This allows receivers to white list sending mailers based on a HELO PASS, or to reject all mails after a HELO FAIL. It can also be used in reputation systems (any white or black list is a simple case of a reputation system). Compliance with SPF consists of three loosely related tasks: Thus, the key issue in SPF is the specification for the new DNS information that domains set and receivers use. The records laid out below are in typical DNS syntax, for example: \"v=\" defines the version of SPF used. The following words provide \"mechanisms\" to use to determine if a domain is eligible to send mail. The \"ip4\" and \"a\" specify the systems permitted to send messages for the given domain. The \"-all\" at the end specifies that, if the previous \"mechanisms\" did not match, the message should be rejected. Eight \"mechanisms\" are defined: Each \"mechanism\" can be combined with one of four \"qualifiers\": The \"modifiers\" allow for future",
"in reputation systems (any white or black list is a simple case of a reputation system). Compliance with SPF consists of three loosely related tasks: Thus, the key issue in SPF is the specification for the new DNS information that domains set and receivers use. The records laid out below are in typical DNS syntax, for example: \"v=\" defines the version of SPF used. The following words provide \"mechanisms\" to use to determine if a domain is eligible to send mail. The \"ip4\" and \"a\" specify the systems permitted to send messages for the given domain. The \"-all\" at the end specifies that, if the previous \"mechanisms\" did not match, the message should be rejected. Eight \"mechanisms\" are defined: Each \"mechanism\" can be combined with one of four \"qualifiers\": The \"modifiers\" allow for future extensions to the framework. To date only the two \"modifiers\" defined in the RFC 4408 have been widely deployed: As soon as SPF implementations detect syntax errors in a sender policy they must abort the evaluation with result PERMERROR. Skipping erroneous \"mechanisms\" cannot work as expected, therefore include:bad.example and redirect=bad.example also cause a PERMERROR. Another safeguard is the maximum of ten mechanisms querying DNS, i.e. any mechanism except from IP4, IP6, and ALL. Implementations can abort the evaluation with result TEMPERROR when it takes too long or a DNS query times out or they can continue pretending that the query returned no data —which is called a \"void lookup\". However, they must return PERMERROR if the policy directly or indirectly needs more than ten queries for \"mechanisms\". In addition, they should return PERMERROR as soon as more than two \"void lookups\" have been encountered. Any redirect= also counts towards this \"processing limits\". A typical SPF HELO policy v=spf1 a mx ip4:192.0.2.0 -all may execute four or more DNS queries: (1) TXT record (SPF type was obsoleted by RFC 7208), (2) A or AAAA for mechanism a, (3) MX record and (4+) A or AAAA for each MX name, for mechanism mx. Except the first one, all those queries count towards the limit of 10. In addition if, for example, the sender has an IPv6 address, while its name and its two MX names have only IPv4 addresses, then the evaluation of the first two mechanisms already results in more than two void lookups and hence PERMERROR. Note that mechanisms ip4 and all need no DNS lookup. In 2004, Steven M. Bellovin wrote an email discussing his concerns with SPF. Issues included that SPF originally used TXT records in DNS, which are supposed to be free-form text with no semantics attached. SPF proponents readily acknowledge that it would be better to have records specifically designated for SPF, but this choice was made to enable rapid implementation of SPF. In July 2005, IANA assigned the Resource Record type 99 to SPF. Later on, the use of SPF records was discontinued, and , it is still necessary to use TXT records. The IETF spfbis working group, tasked with reworking the SPF specification aiming for \"Proposed Standard\" status in a new RFC, during April 2013 appeared to have reached consensus around deprecating SPF type 99 in favour of continued TXT record usage. People from the DNSEXT working group strongly opposed this in a series of email threads on spfbis, dnsext, and IETF general discussion mailing lists. The spfbis working group chair requested an end to that torrent of protest, since the discussion on the resource record type (RRTYPE) in the working group was terminated long ago, a move that was seen as trying to silence the protests by some fierce DNS purists. An independent draft was proposed later, documenting how the spurious recursion to TXT records is characterized in the current Internet. Bellovin's strongest concerns involve the underlying assumptions of SPF (its \"semantic model\"). When using SPF, the SPF DNS records determine how a sender is allowed to send, meaning that the owner of the domain will control how senders are allowed to send. People who use \"portable\" email addresses (such as email addresses created by professional organizations) will be required to use the domain owner's SMTP sender, which may not even exist. Organizations providing these \"portable\" addresses could, however, create their own mail submission agents (MSAs) (RFC 6409) or offer VPNs or simply not publish an SPF record. Additionally, SPF only ties the SMTP Return-Path to permitted MSAs; users are still free to use their RFC 5322 addresses elsewhere. As SPF increasingly prevents spammers from spoofing the envelope-from address, many have moved to utilising the header-from address as seen by the recipient user rather than processed by the recipient MTA. Propitiatory implementation beyond the scope of the SPF schema are required to protect against certain header-from spoofing implementations. Anti-spam software such as SpamAssassin version 3.0.0 and ASSP implement SPF. Many mail transfer agents (MTAs) support SPF directly such as Courier, CommuniGate Pro, Wildcat, MDaemon, and Microsoft Exchange, or have patches or plug-ins available that support SPF, including Postfix, Sendmail, Exim, qmail, and Qpsmtpd. As of 2017, more than eight million domains publish SPF FAIL -all policies. In a survey published in 2007, 5% of the .com and .net domains had some kind of SPF policy. In 2009, a continuous survey run at Nokia Research reports that 51% of the tested domains specify an SPF policy. These results can include trivial policies like v=spf1 ?all. In April 2007, BITS, a division of the Financial Services Roundtable, published email security recommendations for its members including SPF deployment. In 2008, the Messaging Anti-Abuse Working Group (MAAWG) published a paper about email authentication covering SPF, Sender ID, and DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM). In their \"Sender Best Communication Practices\" the MAAWG stated: \"At the very least, senders should incorporate SPF records for their mailing domains\". In 2015, the Messaging Anti-Abuse Working Group (MAAWG) revised a paper about email authentication covering SPF, DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM), and DMARC (DMARC). In their revised \"Sender Best Communication Practices\" the MAAWG stated: \"Authentication supports transparency by further identifying the sender(s) of a message, while also contributing to the reduction or elimination of spoofed and forged addresses\". Sender Policy Framework Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is an email authentication method designed to detect forged sender addresses in emails (email spoofing), a technique often used in phishing and email spam. SPF allows the receiver to check that an email claiming to come from a specific domain comes from an IP address authorized by that domain's administrators. The list of authorized sending hosts and IP addresses for a domain is published in the DNS records for that domain. Sender Policy Framework is defined in RFC 7208 dated April"
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"Fizy fizy is an online music search engine based in Turkey and available in Turkey and Ukraine (via lifecell). Containing both audio and video, fizy serves own legal files and fetches files from other websites and immediately starts to stream them. Access to the website was banned in Turkey on 28 December 2010, due to alleged copyright violations. The site was sold and access was subsequently restored. fizy has about 600,000 daily visitors. It was designated by Mashable Awards as the best music search engine. fizy was founded by Ercan Yaris in 2008. He was frustrated by the difficulty of using music search engines, so he designed his own. fizy was created on 22 December 2008. Yaris posted the site on Digg, where one of his friends sent the site to a marketing specialist, who spread it through Twitter to 3,000 friends. fizy gradually grew popular. In 2010, the Turkish Music Industry Society, or MÜ-YAP, asked the prosecutor's office in Beyoğlu to block fizy, alleging that fizy relayed MÜ-YAP clips without payment. On 17 December, the prosecutor ruled to block fizy in Turkey. fizy was bought by Turkcell on 1 April 2011. Subsequently access to the site in Turkey was restored. Since March 18, 2012 Fizy is only available in Turkey. Media can be filtered by quality, format (audio or video), and duration. The playlist feature allows registered users to listen to songs in a desired order and skip from one song to another automatically. fizy supports 26 languages. Fizy fizy is an online music search engine based in Turkey and available in Turkey and Ukraine (via lifecell). Containing both audio and video, fizy serves own legal files and fetches files from other websites and immediately starts to stream them. Access to the website was banned in Turkey on 28"
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"Cyprus warbler The Cyprus warbler (\"Sylvia melanothorax\") is a typical warbler which breeds only on Cyprus. This small passerine bird is a short-distance migrant, and winters in Israel, Jordan and Egypt. Like most \"Sylvia\" species, it has distinct male and female plumages. The adult male is a small typical warbler with a grey back, black head, white malar streaks (\"moustaches\"), and, uniquely among typical warblers, underparts heavily streaked with black. The female is mainly grey above, with a greyer head, and whitish with only light spotting. The Cyprus warbler's song is fast and rattling, and is similar to that of the Sardinian warbler. Together with Rüppell's warbler it forms a superspecies with dark throats, white malar streaks and light remiges fringes. This in turn is related to the species of Mediterranean and Middle East \"Sylvia\" warblers that have a naked eye-ring, namely the subalpine warbler, Sardinian warbler and Menetries' warbler. Both groups have a white malar area, but this may not form a clear streak in the latter group; above the white, the heads of males are uniformly dark.(The Sylvia Monograph, A & C Black, London; Jønsson & Fjeldså 2006) This is a bird of dry open country, often on hill slopes, with bushes for nesting. The nest is built in low shrub or gorse, and 3–5 eggs are laid. Like most \"warblers\", it is insectivorous, but will also take berries. Cyprus warbler The Cyprus warbler (\"Sylvia melanothorax\") is a typical warbler which breeds only on Cyprus. This small passerine bird is a short-distance migrant, and winters in Israel, Jordan and Egypt. Like most \"Sylvia\" species, it has distinct male and female plumages. The adult male is a small typical warbler with a grey back, black head, white malar streaks (\"moustaches\"), and, uniquely among typical warblers, underparts heavily streaked with"
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"Ahliman Amiraslanov Ahliman Tapdiq oğlu Amiraslanov (; born 1947 in Zod, Armenian SSR) — is an oncologist, a professor and Rector of Azerbaijan Medical University. He was born 1947 in the village Zod in the Basargechar raion of the Armenian SSR. In 1970, he graduated from the Azerbaijan Medical Institute in Baku, Azerbaijan. In 1977, he defended his doctoral thesis in the Soviet Academy for Medical Sciences, Moscow. He has been Rector of the Azerbaijan Medical University since 1992. He is Co-Chairman of the Rectors' Council of the Universities of Turkic Countries.He was member of the parliament (Supreme Soviet) of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 1990-95. Stazione Hocrittima, Trieste, Italy, p. 122. Ahliman Amiraslanov Ahliman Tapdiq oğlu Amiraslanov (; born 1947 in Zod, Armenian SSR) — is an oncologist, a professor and Rector of Azerbaijan Medical University. He was born 1947 in the village Zod in the Basargechar raion of the Armenian SSR. In 1970, he graduated from the Azerbaijan Medical Institute in Baku, Azerbaijan. In 1977, he defended his doctoral thesis in the Soviet Academy for Medical Sciences, Moscow. He has been Rector of the Azerbaijan Medical University since 1992. He is Co-Chairman of the Rectors' Council of the"
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"Constitutional Coup The Constitutional Coup was the dismissal of Pakistani Prime Minister Khawaja Nazimuddin's government in 1953 by Governor General Ghulam Mohammad despite the Prime Minister enjoying the support of the Constituent Assembly and the subsequent dismissal of Pakistan's first constituent Assembly by the Governor-General in 1954. Ghulam Mohammad dismissed the Nazimuddin government with General Ayub Khan's backing in April 1953 although the government had won the confidence of the House only a fortnight earlier. General Ayub himself admitted at a news conference at the Governor's House in Karachi in October 1964, that \"when there was a conflict between him (Khawaja Nazimuddin) and Governor-General, I decided to side with the Governor-General.\" On 21 September 1954, the Constituent Assembly amended the Government of India Act 1935. The amendments precluded the Governor-General from acting except on the advice of his ministers. In retaliation Ghulam Mohammad dissolved the Constituent Assembly itself, at a time when it had almost finalized the draft of the constitution, only because the members of the Assembly's sub-committee had decided to curtail his powers. And this he did with the active support of General Ayub Khan. His action was condoned by the federal judiciary in particular by Justice Munir in the case \"Federation of Pakistan v. Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan\". Justice Munir, ruled in favour of the dismissal in the Molvi Tamizuddin Khan's case, declaring that the Assembly was not a sovereign body. Munir declared that the Constitutional Assembly had \"lived in a fool's paradise if ever seized with the notion that it was the sovereign body of the state.\" According to Munir, the independence Jinnah gained for his country was restricted by the prerogative rights of the English Crown. He adopted the argument made to the court by Lord Diplock that Pakistan did not become independent in 1947; it had attained a status the same as that Munir felt the senior Dominions possessed, virtually indistinguishable from independence. The conclusion reached by Justice Cornelius in his dissenting opinion was entirely different. He answered Munir's interpretation of Commonwealth history with his own understanding of the meaning of a dominion. He maintained that the historical fact was that Pakistan had been created with complete independence, and he pointed to what he believed to be clear differences in the status of the senior dominions and the new dominion of Pakistan. Cornelius stressed that Pakistan was an independent state. According to Allen McGrath, author of the \"Destruction of Pakistan's Democracy\", when Munir denied the existence of the Assembly's sovereignty, he destroyed Pakistan's existing constitutional basis. He did further harm when he did not indicate where sovereignty resided. He thereby created a vacuum which was an opportunity for Ghulam Mohammad. To support Ghulam Mohammad's use of non-constitutional emergency powers, Munir found it necessary to move beyond the constitution to what he claimed was the common law, to general legal maxims, and to English historical precedent. He relied on Bracton's maxim \"that which is otherwise not lawful is made lawful by necessity\", and the Roman law maxim urged by Jennings, \"the well-being of the people is the supreme law.\" This was to be used as legal justification for all subsequent martial laws. This coup marked the end of the Muslim League created by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the beginning of the overt assumption of power by the Pakistan bureaucracy with the military's assistance. By 1958 the military was to step in openly. Constitutional Coup The Constitutional Coup was the dismissal of Pakistani Prime Minister Khawaja Nazimuddin's government in 1953 by Governor General Ghulam Mohammad despite the Prime Minister enjoying the support of the Constituent Assembly and"
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"Working-Class Studies Association The Working-Class Studies Association (WCSA) is a non-profit association that helps develop and support research and pedagogy on the topic of working-class life and cultures. Members are located in countries across the globe, and they include poets, scholars, activists, teachers, students, journalists, artists, small press publishers, and others interested in building the field of working-class studies. The association holds an annual conference and other events, promotes the field through a variety of awards, and publishes \"The Journal of Working-Class Studies\". The origins of the Working-Class Studies Association can be traced to the Center for Working-Class Studies at Youngstown State University in Ohio and the Center for Study of Working Class Life at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. A complementary series of biennial conferences sponsored by these centers fostered a community of scholars, activists, artists, publishers, and journalists invested in the study of and advocacy for working-class life, culture and interests. The Youngstown Center for Working-Class Studies (CWCS) was the first multi-disciplinary academic center in the US devoted to the study of working-class culture broadly defined. What distinguished the center was an interdisciplinary approach to the study of working-class issues. The center was launched in 1996 after a group of Youngstown faculty organized two interdisciplinary conferences in the early 1990s, one on the 1930s and the next on working-class studies, and received a grant from the Association of American Colleges and Universities to explore the category of class as part of a broader project promoting diversity on college campuses. Under the leadership of co-founders Sherry Linkon and John Russo, the center supported a range of activities promoting awareness of and respect for working-class life and culture, including an educational program in collaboration with Local 1375 of the United Steelworkers that brought college classes to the union hall. This work, in addition to continuing biennial conferences on working-class studies, was further supported by two grants from the Ford Foundation starting in 2000. The Center for Study of Working Class Life was established in 1999 at SUNY Stony Brook under the leadership of economist Michael Zweig. Like the Youngstown center, The Center for Study of Working Class Life took an interdisciplinary approach to investigating the meaning of class in contemporary society, although with a stronger emphasis on “tools of the social sciences.” Starting in 2002, their How Class Works conference became the biennial complement to the Youngstown center’s working-class studies conference. The Youngstown conference met every other odd year, and How Class Works met every other even year, multiplying opportunities for cross-disciplinary interaction and collaboration. The Working-Class Studies Association began to develop in early 2003 in the course of planning that year’s Youngstown conference. In April 2004, Linkon and John Russo met with 15 participants to develop a mission statement, map out the structure of the organization, and work through organizing issues. The group included academics and graduate students from multiple fields as well as independent scholars and labor educators. The organization held a founding meeting at Stony Brook in June 2004, setting the stage for its first official business meeting at Youngstown in May 2005. The constitution and a slate of candidates for the steering committee were presented at this meeting. Membership received ballots in June and subsequently approved the constitution and first steering committee of the WCSA. The initial slate of officers included Sherry Linkon (President), Peter Rachleff (President-Elect), Jamie Daniel (Secretary) and Michael Zweig (Treasurer). At-large members of the first steering committee were Tim Strangleman, Michele Fazio, Mary Romero, and Andrew Ross. The WCSA took responsibility for organizing odd-year conferences beginning in 2007, working with host committees at welcoming universities and colleges: Macalaster College, University of Pittsburgh, University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Georgetown University, and Indiana University Bloomington. Beginning with the 2018 conference, the WCSA assumed responsibility for even-year conferences as well, beginning with SUNY Stony Brook. The WCSA publishes \"The Journal of Working-Class Studies,\" an online, open access peer reviewed journal (ISSN 2475-4765). New issues come out twice yearly, in December and June. The inaugural issue was December 2016. The journal is co-edited by Sarah Attfield and Liz Giuffre; Sara Appel is Associate Editor. From 2006-2017, the association published a semi-annual newsletter, \"Working-Class Notes.\" It provided information about the organization, reports from officers, news and notes about members’ activities, and book reviews. This newsletter was a continuation of a newsletter by the same name published by the Center for Working-Class Studies at Youngstown State University (YSU) from 1998-2006. As of the fall of 2017 issue, \"Working-Class Notes\" ceased publication as its own entity. Most of the elements of the newsletter—a section called “Book Notes,” member news, the President’s letter, officer reports, and reports from affiliated centers—became available on the WCSA website. Lengthier book reviews, which had been a highlight of \"Working-Class Notes,\" moved to \"The Journal of Working-Class Studies.\" \"Working-Class Notes\" was initially produced by the Center for Working-Class Studies at YSU. It became a WCSA publication in 2006. It was edited by Karen Lynn Ford 2004-2005, Sherry Linkon from 2005-2010, and by Christie Launius from 2010-2017. The Book Notes section has been edited by Jack Metzgar from 2007 to the present. In 2016, Cherie Rankin began editing the fiction and poetry notices while Metzgar continues editing nonfiction. The WCSA grew out of biennial conferences organized by the Center for Working-Class Studies at Youngstown State University starting in 1995 and, beginning in 2002, How Class Works, a biennial conference sponsored by The Center for Study of Working-Class Life at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. Since its inception in 2004 the WCSA has sponsored and co-sponsored conferences biennially, and starting in 2018, annually. From 2006-2016 the association met biennially at How Class Works conferences in even numbered years. In 2007 the WCSA started sponsoring odd-year biennial conferences by presenting Working-Class Culture and Counter Culture at Macalester College. In 2009, the University of Pittsburgh hosted the WCSA’s Class Matters conference. In 2011, the Chicago Working-Class Studies affiliate of the WCSA presented Working Class Organization and Power at the University of Illinois-Chicago. Fighting Forward: A Labor and Working-Class Summit was held at Madison College’s downtown campus in 2013. This conference was co-sponsored with the Labor and Working-Class Studies Project, a collaborative campus-labor-community initiative based at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. In 2015, WCSA co-sponsored Fighting Inequality with the Labor and Working-Class History Association at Georgetown University. The 2017 conference was hosted by Indiana University Bloomington. After 2017, the WCSA began sponsoring conferences annually, beginning with Class at the Border: Migration, Confinement, and (Im)mobility, hosted by The Center for the Study of Inequalities, Social Justice and Policy at Stony Brook. Conference programs from 2001 to the present are archived on the WCSA website. The awards issued by the WCSA are the Tillie Olsen Award for Creative Writing, which honors published books of poetry, fiction, creative non-fiction, and other genres; the C.L.R. James Award for Published Books for Academic or General Audiences; the Russo & Linkon Award for Published",
"In 2015, WCSA co-sponsored Fighting Inequality with the Labor and Working-Class History Association at Georgetown University. The 2017 conference was hosted by Indiana University Bloomington. After 2017, the WCSA began sponsoring conferences annually, beginning with Class at the Border: Migration, Confinement, and (Im)mobility, hosted by The Center for the Study of Inequalities, Social Justice and Policy at Stony Brook. Conference programs from 2001 to the present are archived on the WCSA website. The awards issued by the WCSA are the Tillie Olsen Award for Creative Writing, which honors published books of poetry, fiction, creative non-fiction, and other genres; the C.L.R. James Award for Published Books for Academic or General Audiences; the Russo & Linkon Award for Published Article or Essay for Academic or General Audiences; the Studs Terkel Award for Media and Journalism; and the Constance Coiner Award for Best Dissertation. Awards are announced each year at the annual conference banquet, and a panels are generally organized around the honored works. Anyone may become a member of the WCSA. The administration of the WCSA is conducted by the Steering Committee, which is elected by the members. Elections are conducted by the Election Committee. The Steering Committee consists of the president, the president-elect, the immediate past-president, the secretary, and the treasurer in addition to four at-large members and the chair of the Working-Class Academics Section. The current president is Terry Easton (University of North Georgia). Past president is Michele Fazio (University of North Carolina at Pembroke) and president elect is Cherie Rankin (Heartland Community College). Michael Zweig, professor emeritus and former director of the Center for Study of Working Class Life at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, has arranged for archival materials documenting the founding of the WCSA to be housed at the Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives at New York University. Archives related to the WCSA include those for the Center for Working-Class Studies, housed at the Maag Library, Youngstown State University. Documents from the founding and development of the Center for Study of Working Class Life can be found in the university archive of the State University of New York at Stony Brook. Working-Class Studies Association The Working-Class Studies Association (WCSA) is a non-profit association that helps develop and support research and pedagogy on the topic of working-class life and cultures. Members are located in countries across the globe, and they include poets, scholars, activists, teachers, students, journalists, artists, small press publishers, and others interested in building the field of working-class studies. The association holds an annual conference and other events, promotes the field through a variety of awards, and publishes \"The Journal of Working-Class Studies\". The origins of the Working-Class Studies"
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"Rose Hill Drive (EP) Rose Hill Drive is the first official release by the American rock band Rose Hill Drive. The EP was released on the Megaforce/SCI Fidelity record label in 2006, the same year in which their debut album Rose Hill Drive was released. The release of the album meant that the EP was much less popular and was soon put out of print. All of the songs from the EP except Intruder also featured on the debut album. Due to demand from Rose Hill Drive fans who were unable to get a hold of the song Intruder the British-based magazine Classic Rock featured the track on the free CD titled Classic Rock Presents Bone Rattlin' Blues given away with issue 108. Rose Hill Drive (EP) Rose Hill Drive is the first official release by the American rock band Rose Hill Drive. The EP was released on the Megaforce/SCI Fidelity record label in 2006, the same year in which their debut album Rose Hill Drive was released. The release of the album meant that the EP was much less popular and was soon put out of print. All of the songs from the EP except Intruder also featured on"
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"Andre Boyer (poker player) André Boyer is a French-Canadian poker player from Acton Vale, Quebec, Canada, who has won a World Series of Poker bracelet. Boyer first cashed in the World Series of Poker in 1996, and also made the $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event final table that year. He finished in 6th place, winning $97,500 in that tournament which was won by Huck Seed. He also cashed in the 2007 main event, earning $29,883 for his 434th-place finish. Boyer won his WSOP bracelet in 2005 in the $3,000 No Limit Hold'em event, earning $682,810 in addition to the title. He defeated a final table that included John Duthie and Matthew Glantz, whom Boyer defeated heads-up to win the title. Boyer has made numerous other final tables at the WSOP, most recently finishing in 222nd place in the 2009 40th Annual World Series of Poker. As of 2015, Boyer's total tournament winnings exceed $1,500,000. He lived in Las Vegas for 18 years in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s but has since moved back to his native Quebec where he was the colour commentator for the World Series of Poker French-Canadian broadcasts on RDS between 2003 and 2008. He was instrumental in the establishment of the Canadian National Poker Tournament League and Ligue de tournois de poker du Québec. Andre Boyer (poker player) André Boyer is a French-Canadian poker player from Acton Vale, Quebec, Canada, who has won a World Series of Poker bracelet. Boyer first cashed in the World Series of Poker in 1996, and also made the $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event final table that year. He finished in 6th place, winning $97,500 in that tournament which was won by Huck Seed. He also cashed in the 2007 main event, earning $29,883 for his 434th-place finish. Boyer"
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"Gortmullan Gortmullan is a townland in the Civil Parish of Tomregan, Barony of Knockninny, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. The townland name is an anglicisation of the Gaelic placename “Gort Mhaoláin” which means ‘Maolán's Field’. It might also mean ‘The Field of the Mill’. The oldest surviving mention of the name is in a grant dated 14 October 1612 where it is spelled ‘Gortmonylan’. Spellings in later grants are 1629- Gartmolan and 1659 –Gorttmoylan. Ambrose Leet's 1814 Directory spells the name as \"Gortmullen\".. It is bounded on the north & west by Knockateggal townland, on the east by Ummera & Gortineddan townlands and on the south by the international border with County Cavan and the Republic of Ireland. Its chief geographical feature is Slieve Rushen mountain on whose eastern slope it lies reaching to an altitude of 270 metres above sea-level. The townland is traversed by the B127 Border Road to Ballyconnell and some minor lanes. Gortmullan covers an area of 315 statute acres. The townland formed part of the ballybethagh of Calvagh in medieval times. At the beginning of the 17th century it was owned jointly by Bryan McPhilip O’Reyly and Edward Rutlidge but was confiscated by the Crown in the 1609 Ulster Plantation and it formed part of the half-territory of Aughrin which was granted to Sir Hugh Culme in 1610. Culme later relinquished his claim to the Crown, perhaps because there was confusion at the time as to whether the townland formed part of County Fermanagh or County Cavan. By an order of the Lord Deputy dated 14 October 1612 the townland was granted, inter alia, to Lady Margaret O’Neill, the widow of Sir Hugh Maguire deceased. An Inquisition held at Newtownbutler on 20 January 1629 found that Thomas Duffe McCorie was seized of the lands of, interalia, \"Gartmolan\". In 1641 and also in 1670 it was owned by Sir William Balfour (general). The Tithe Applotment Books for 1827 list the following tithepayers in the townland- Kiernan, Prior, Drum, McGuire, Bennett, Farrell, McGauran, Lauder, Whittendale, Clarke, Thompson. In 1841 the population of the townland was 112, being 53 males and 59 females. There were twenty-one houses in the townland, all were inhabited. In 1851 the population of the townland was 95, being 47 males and 48 females, the reduction being due to the Great Famine (Ireland). There were eighteen houses in the townland, one of which was uninhabited. Griffith's Valuation of 1857 lists thirty-one occupiers in the townland. In 1861 the population of the townland was 108, being 51 males and 57 females. There were nineteen houses in the townland and all were inhabited. In 1871 the population of the townland was 82, being 44 males and 38 females. There were sixteen houses in the townland, of which one was uninhabited.(page 606 of census) In 1881 the population of the townland was 70, being 44 males and 26 females. There were fourteen houses in the townland, all were inhabited. In 1891 the population of the townland was 83, being 41 males and 42 females. There were fourteen houses in the townland, all were inhabited. In the 1901 census of Ireland, there are fourteen families listed in the townland. In the 1911 census of Ireland, there are eighteen families listed in the townland. \"The Outsider\", is a book about growing up in Gortmullan in the 1950s by Peter Quinn (GAA President). The only historic sites in the townland are some stone quarries. Peter Quinn (GAA President) Seán Quinn Gortmullan Gortmullan is a townland in the Civil Parish of Tomregan, Barony of Knockninny, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. The townland name"
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"Laser propulsion Laser propulsion is a form of beam-powered propulsion where the energy source is a remote (usually ground-based) laser system and separate from the reaction mass. This form of propulsion differs from a conventional chemical rocket where both energy and reaction mass come from the solid or liquid propellants carried on board the vehicle. The basic concepts underlying a photon-propelled \"sail\" propulsion system were developed by Eugene Sanger and the Hungarian physicist György Marx. Propulsion concepts using laser-energized rockets were developed by Arthur Kantrowitz and Wolfgang Moekel in the 1970s. An exposition of Kantrowitz's laser propulsion ideas was published in 1988. Laser propulsion systems may transfer momentum to a spacecraft in two different ways. The first way uses photon radiation pressure to drive momentum transfer and is the principle behind solar sails and laser sails. The second method uses the laser to help expel mass from the spacecraft as in a conventional rocket. This is the more frequently proposed method, but is fundamentally limited in final spacecraft velocities by the rocket equation. Laser-pushed sails are examples of beam-powered propulsion. A laser-pushed lightsail is a thin reflective sail similar to a solar sail, in which the sail is being pushed by a laser, rather than the sun. The advantage of lightsail propulsion is that the vehicle does not carry either the energy source or the reaction mass for propulsion, and hence the limitations of the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation to achieving high velocities are avoided. Use of a laser-pushed lightsail was proposed initially by Marx in 1966, as a method of Interstellar travel that would avoid extremely high mass ratios by not carrying fuel, and analyzed in detail by physicist Robert L. Forward in 1989. Further analysis of the concept was done by Landis, Mallove and Matloff, Andrews and others. The beam has to have a large diameter so that only a small portion of the beam misses the sail due to diffraction and the laser or microwave antenna has to have a good pointing stability so that the craft can tilt its sails fast enough to follow the center of the beam. This gets more important when going from interplanetary travel to interstellar travel, and when going from a fly-by mission, to a landing mission, to a return mission. The laser may alternatively be a large phased array of small devices, which get their energy directly from solar radiation. The laser-pushed sail is proposed as a method of propelling a small interstellar probe by the Breakthrough Starshot project. Metzgar and Landis proposed a variant on the laser-pushed sail, in which the photons reflected from the sail are re-used by re-reflecting them back to the sail by a stationary mirror; a \"multi-bounce laser-based sail.\" This amplifies the force produced by recycling the photons, resulting in considerably higher force produced from the same laser power. There is also a multi-bounce photonic sail configuration which uses a large Fresnel lens around a laser generating system. In this configuration the laser shines light on a probe sail accelerating it outwards which is then reflected back through the Fresnel lens to be reflected off a larger more massive reflector probe going in the other direction. The laser light is reflected back and forth many times improving the force transmitted but importantly allows the large lens to remain in a more stable position as it is not greatly influenced by the laser lights momentum. Photon recycling multiple times over distances in a passive optical cavity, which consists of two high-reflectance mirrors only, expands laser beam diameter, thus forms a Fabry-Perrot optical resonance cavity in which any small movement of mirrors would destroy the resonance condition and null photonic thrust. In fact, such passive optical cavities are used for gravitational wave detection as in LIGO, for their extreme sensitivity to the movement of mirror. Bae originally proposed to use photon recycling for use in a nanometer accuracy formation flight of satellites for this reason. Bae, however, discovered that in an active optical cavity formed by two high-reflectance mirrors and a laser gain medium in between, similar to the typical laser cavity, photon recycling becomes insensitive to the movement of mirrors. Bae named the laser thruster based on the photon recycling in an active optical cavity Photonic Laser Thruster (PLT). In 2015 his team demonstrated the number of photon recycling up to 1,540 over a distance of a few meters and photonic thrusts up to 3.5 mN with the use of a 500 W laser system. In the laboratory demonstration, a Cubesat (0.75 kg in weight) was propelled with PLT. PLT can in principle overcome “the tyranny of the rocket equation,” which implies that the required onboard fuel mass exponentially increases as a function of the destination velocity for conventional thrusters, thus can expand human space endeavors beyond earth orbits. Yet, photon recycling in PLT drastically increases the thrust to power ratio (a measure of how efficient a thruster is in terms of converting power to thrust), and projected to surpass that of conventional thrusters, such as laser ablation thrusters and electrical thrusters. There are several forms of laser propulsion in which the laser is used as an energy source to provide momentum to propellant that is carried on board the rocket. The use of a laser as the energy source means that the energy provided to the propellant is not limited by the chemical energy of the propellant. The laser thermal rocket (heat exchanger (HX) thruster) is a thermal rocket in which the propellant is heated by energy provided by an external laser beam. The beam heats a solid heat exchanger, which in turn heats an inert liquid propellant, converting it to hot gas which is exhausted through a conventional nozzle. This is similar in principle to nuclear thermal and solar thermal propulsion. Using a large flat heat exchanger allows the laser beam to shine directly on the heat exchanger without focusing optics on the vehicle. The HX thruster has the advantage of working equally well with any laser wavelength and both CW and pulsed lasers, and of having an efficiency approaching 100%. The HX thruster is limited by the heat exchanger material and by radiative losses to relatively low gas temperatures, typically 1000 - 2000 C. For a given temperature, the specific impulse is maximized with the minimum molecular weight reaction mass, and with hydrogen propellant, that provides sufficient specific impulse as high as 600 – 800 seconds, high enough in principle to allow single stage vehicles to reach low Earth orbit. The HX laser thruster concept was developed by Jordin Kare in 1991; a similar microwave thermal propulsion concept was developed independently by Kevin L. Parkin at Caltech in 2001. A variation on this concept was proposed by Prof. John Sinko and Dr. Clifford Schlecht as a redundant safety concept for assets on orbit. Packets of enclosed propellants are attached to the outside of a space suit, and exhaust channels run from each packet to the far side of the astronaut or tool. A laser beam from a space station or shuttle vaporizes the propellant inside the packs. Exhaust is directed behind the astronaut or tool, pulling the target towards the laser source. To brake the approach, a second wavelength is used to ablate the exterior of the propellant packets on the near side. Ablative laser propulsion (ALP) is a form of beam-powered propulsion in which an external pulsed laser is used to burn off a plasma plume from a solid metal propellant, thus producing thrust. The measured specific impulse of small ALP setups is very high at about 5000 s (49 kN·s/kg), and unlike the lightcraft developed by Leik Myrabo which uses air as the propellant, ALP can be used in space. Material is directly removed from a solid or liquid surface at high velocities by laser ablation by a",
"A laser beam from a space station or shuttle vaporizes the propellant inside the packs. Exhaust is directed behind the astronaut or tool, pulling the target towards the laser source. To brake the approach, a second wavelength is used to ablate the exterior of the propellant packets on the near side. Ablative laser propulsion (ALP) is a form of beam-powered propulsion in which an external pulsed laser is used to burn off a plasma plume from a solid metal propellant, thus producing thrust. The measured specific impulse of small ALP setups is very high at about 5000 s (49 kN·s/kg), and unlike the lightcraft developed by Leik Myrabo which uses air as the propellant, ALP can be used in space. Material is directly removed from a solid or liquid surface at high velocities by laser ablation by a pulsed laser. Depending on the laser flux and pulse duration, the material can be simply heated and evaporated, or converted to plasma. Ablative propulsion will work in air or vacuum. Specific impulse values from 200 seconds to several thousand seconds are possible by choosing the propellant and laser pulse characteristics. Variations of ablative propulsion include double-pulse propulsion in which one laser pulse ablates material and a second laser pulse further heats the ablated gas, laser micropropulsion in which a small laser on board a spacecraft ablates very small amounts of propellant for attitude control or maneuvering, and space debris removal, in which the laser ablates material from debris particles in low Earth orbit, changing their orbits and causing them to reenter. University of Alabama Huntsville Propulsion Research Center has researched ALP. A high energy pulse focused in a gas or on a solid surface surrounded by gas produces breakdown of the gas (usually air). This causes an expanding shock wave which absorbs laser energy at the shock front (a laser sustained detonation wave or LSD wave); expansion of the hot plasma behind the shock front during and after the pulse transmits momentum to the craft. Pulsed plasma propulsion using air as the working fluid is the simplest form of air-breathing laser propulsion. The record-breaking lightcraft, developed by Leik Myrabo of RPI (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) and Frank Mead, works on this principle. Another concept of pulsed plasma propulsion is being investigated by Prof. Hideyuki Horisawa. A continuous laser beam focused in a flowing stream of gas creates a stable laser sustained plasma which heats the gas; the hot gas is then expanded through a conventional nozzle to produce thrust. Because the plasma does not touch the walls of the engine, very high gas temperatures are possible, as in gas core nuclear thermal propulsion. However, to achieve high specific impulse, the propellant must have low molecular weight; hydrogen is usually assumed for actual use, at specific impulses around 1,000 seconds. CW plasma propulsion has the disadvantage that the laser beam must be precisely focused into the absorption chamber, either through a window or by using a specially-shaped nozzle. CW plasma thruster experiments were performed in the 1970s and 1980s, primarily by Dr. Dennis Keefer of UTSI and Prof. Herman Krier of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. A general class of propulsion techniques in which the laser beam power is converted to electricity, which then powers some type of electric propulsion thruster. A small quadcopter has flown for 12 hours and 26 minutes charged by a 2.25 kW laser (powered at less than half of its normal operating current), using 170 watt photovoltaic arrays as the power receiver, and a laser has been demonstrated to charge the batteries of an unmanned aerial vehicle in flight for 48 hours. For spacecraft, laser electric propulsion is considered as a competitor to solar electric or nuclear electric propulsion for low-thrust propulsion in space. However, Leik Myrabo has proposed high-thrust laser electric propulsion, using magnetohydrodynamics to convert laser energy to electricity and to electrically accelerate air around a vehicle for thrust. Laser propulsion Laser propulsion is a form of beam-powered propulsion where the energy source is a remote (usually ground-based) laser system and separate from the reaction mass. This form of propulsion differs from a conventional chemical rocket where both energy and reaction mass come from the solid or liquid propellants carried on board the vehicle. The basic concepts underlying a photon-propelled \"sail\" propulsion system were developed by Eugene Sanger and the Hungarian physicist György Marx. Propulsion concepts using laser-energized"
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"Noin-Ula burial site The Noin-Ula burial site (, Noyon uulyn bulsh) consist of more than 200 large burial mounds, approximately square in plan, some 2 m in height, covering timber burial chambers. They are located by the Selenga River in the hills of northern Mongolia north of Ulan Bator in Batsumber sum of Tov Province. They were excavated in 1924–1925 by Pyotr Kozlov, who found them to be the tombs of the aristocracy of the Xiongnu; one is an exceptionally rich burial of a historically known ruler of the Xiongnu, Uchjulü-Jodi-Chanuy, who died in 13 CE. Most of the objects from Noin-Ula are now in the Hermitage Museum, while some artifacts unearthed later by Mongolian archaeologists are on display in the National Museum of Mongolian History, Ulan Bator. Two kurgans contained lacquer cups, inscribed with Chinese characters believed to be the names of Chinese craftsmen, and dated September 5 year of Tsian-ping era, i.e. 2nd year BCE. As with some finds of the Pazyryk culture, the Noin Ula graves had been flooded and subsequently frozen, thus preserving the organic material to a remarkable degree. The tombs were opened in antiquity and the bodies were removed. This corroborates the Han chronicles which state the leaders of one of the nomad tribes, oppressed by the Xiongnu at the height of their empire, took an unprecedented step 100 years after the decline of the Xiongnu. Wishing to unite their subjects, and driven by a desire for revenge, the new nomadic leaders desecrated the Chanuys' royal tombs. All the burials were unsealed, and the remains of the Chanuys were removed, together with some of their clothing, weaponry and symbols of authority. However, the robbers left Xiongnu weaponry, home utensils, and art objects, and Chinese artifacts of bronze, nephrite, lacquered wood and textiles. Many artifacts show origins along the Great Silk Road; some imported objects and fragments of fabrics are recognized as Greek. The fabric, color, weaving methods and embroidery of the cloth were similar to the fabric produced in the Greek colonies on the Black Sea coast for the Scythians. Some tombs include horse burials and one tomb had especially lavish furnishings. The coffin was apparently made in China, and the interred person had many of his possessions buried with him. His horse trappings were elaborately decorated and his leather-covered saddle was threaded with black and red wool clipped to resemble velvet. Magnificent textiles included a woven wool rug lined with thin leather with purple, brown, and white felt appliqué work, and textiles of Greco-Bactrian, Parthian and Anatolian origin. Kurgan No 6 was the tomb of Uchjulü-Jodi-Chanuy (\"Uchilonoti\", \"Ulunoti\", 烏珠留若提 \"Wu-Zhou-Liu-Ju-Di\", reigned 8 BCE–13 CE), who is mentioned in the Chinese annals. He is famous for freeing his people from the Chinese protectorate that lasted 56 years, from 47 BCE to 9 CE. Uchjulü-Jodi-Chanuy was buried in 13 CE, a date established from the inscription on a cup given to him by the Chinese Emperor during a reception in the Shanlin park near Chang'an in 1 BCE. During the life of Uchjulü-Jodi-Chanuy, the Chinese dominated the steppe politically. For a generous reward by the Chinese, he changed his personal name Nanchjiyasy to Chji. On ascending to the throne, he confirmed the standing agreement between the Han Chinese and the Xiongnu: \"Henceforth the Han and Hun will be one House, from generation to generation they will not deceive each other, nor attack each other. If a larceny happens, they will mutually inform and execute and compensate, in the event of raids by enemies they will help each other with troops. He of them who is first to breach the agreement, he will be penalized by the Sky, and his posterity from generation to generation would suffer under I this oath\". Despite this agreement, during Uchjulü-Jodi-Chanuy's reign relations with China went from cordial to antagonistic when a usurper Wang Mang came to power, which ended the Western Han Dynasty, and establishing the short-lived Xin Dynasty. Assembling a 300,000-strong army, Wang Mang began military actions, but his attempts ended in futility. Uchjulü-Jodi-Chanuy died in AD 13, before the end of the war. His successor was Uley-Jodi-Chanuy of the Süybu clan. The most dramatic objects of Uchjulü-Jodi-Chanuy's funeral inventory are the textiles, of local, Chinese and Bactrian origin. The art objects show that Xiongnu craftsmen used the Scythian \"animal\" style. A surviving portrait shows a low nose bridge, eyes with epicanthic fold, long wavy hair, divided in the middle, and a braid tied visibly and falling from the tip of the head over the right ear. Such braids were found in other kurgan tombs in the Noin Ula cemetery, they were braided from horsehair, and kept in special cases. The braid was a part of a formal hairstyle, and the braid resembles the death-masks of the Tashtyk. This appearance of the masks demonstrate that in the 1st century AD a far-eastern appearance was perceived by the Huns as more attractive than one of western type, resembling modern Telengits who consider large eyes and high nose to be ugly. From these observations, L.N. Gumilev concluded that among the Huns of the 1st century BC, a far-eastern ideal of beauty overcame the traditional western model, which continued in the art of the Scythian \"animal\" style. The cultural affinity of the Xiongnu was with the peoples of southern Siberia and Central Asia; with the Chinese they exchanged arrows rather than culture: the Xiongnu shot with hand bows, while Chinese employed crossbows, although the Chinese had developed the crossbow from the traditional hand bows. Lev Gumilev elaborates the roots of the Chinese cultural influence found in the Noin-Ula cemetery. The Chinese culture was spread not only by material objects, but also by population admixture. There were populations of Xiongnu that have live under the Han rule as military allies. The Chinese migrated continuously to the steppes, the first big wave arriving in the 3rd century BC during the Tsin dynasty (Pin. \"Qin\"), when captured Chinese became subjects of the Chanuys, a process repeated during the following centuries. The numerous Han people who deserted and entered Chanuy service (for example, Vey Lüy, Li Lin) also taught the Xiongnu the subtlety of diplomacy and martial arts. Populations of the Xiongnu people also lived under Han rule, mostly serving as military allies under Han command. The capture of populations of Xiongnu by the Han forces in a series of Han versus Hun wars also contributed to additional ethnic integration of the north-central Asian neighbors. Many immigrants lived in the Xiongnu pasturelands, but at first they did not mix with the Xiongnu. To be a Xiongnu, one had to be a member of a clan, born of Xiongnu parents. The newcomers were well off, but were outsiders, and could marry only among themselves, not the Xiongnu. Only later did they intermix, increase in numbers, even created a state that existed from 318 to 350 AD. The Xiongnu culture can be differentiated into local, Scytho-Sarmatian, and Chinese. Most everyday objects were produced locally, showing the stability of the nomadic culture; Chinese masters made small handmade objects and ornaments, while objects with ideological connotations originated from the Scythian, Sarmatian and Dinlin S. Siberian cultures. Despite the aforementioned excavated Noin-Ula portrait indicating Mongoloid lineage of the Xiongnu, Euro-centric observers of Xiongnu culture and history try to place the Xiongnu people in a non-Mongoloid or non-Asian ancestry or descendancy. Among the most important artifacts from Noin-Ula are embroidered portrait images. These shed light on the ethnicity of the Xiongnu, albeit controversially. It has been claimed that the portraits depict Greco-Bactrians, or are Greek depictions of Scythian soldiers from the Black Sea. Such suggestions are far-fetched. There are several historical sources confirming the",
"culture; Chinese masters made small handmade objects and ornaments, while objects with ideological connotations originated from the Scythian, Sarmatian and Dinlin S. Siberian cultures. Despite the aforementioned excavated Noin-Ula portrait indicating Mongoloid lineage of the Xiongnu, Euro-centric observers of Xiongnu culture and history try to place the Xiongnu people in a non-Mongoloid or non-Asian ancestry or descendancy. Among the most important artifacts from Noin-Ula are embroidered portrait images. These shed light on the ethnicity of the Xiongnu, albeit controversially. It has been claimed that the portraits depict Greco-Bactrians, or are Greek depictions of Scythian soldiers from the Black Sea. Such suggestions are far-fetched. There are several historical sources confirming the appearance of the Xiongnu. In 350 AD, for example, power in the South Xiongnu state of Chjao (Pin. \"Zhao\") was seized by a usurper, a Chinese named Shi Min, who ordered all the Xiongnu in the state exterminated; in the slaughter \"many Chinese with prominent noses\" died, suggesting the Xiongnu had \"prominent noses\" compared to those of the Chinese. In the famous Chinese bas-relief \"Fight on the bridge\" the mounted Xiongnu are shown with big noses. A skull analysis of Xiongnu burials made by G.F. Debets found a distinct Paleo-Siberian type of Asian facial appearance with \"not a flat, but with not strongly protruding nose\", somewhat similar to some North American Indians. This type is represented on the embroidery from Noin-Ula. What to the rest of the Chinese looked like a high nose, to the Europeans looked like a flat nose. The portraits are not made in the Chinese manner, and are the handiwork of a Central Asian or Scythian artist, or perhaps of a Bactrian or Parthian master in the capital of the Chanüys (who had active diplomatic relations with these Central Asian states). The hairstyle on one portrait shows long hair bound with a wide ribbon. This is identical with the coiffure of the Türkic Ashina clan, who were originally from the Hesi province. The Ashina belonged to the last Xiongnu princedom destroyed by Xianbei-Toba by AD 439. From Gansu, the Ashina retreated to the Altai, taking with them a number of distinctive ethnographic traits. Chinese sources indicate that the Xiongnu did not have an ideographic form of writing like Chinese, but in the 2nd century BC, a renegade Chinese dignitary Yue \"taught the Shanyu to write official letters to the Chinese court on a wooden tablet 31 cm long, and to use a seal and large-sized folder.\" The same sources tell that when the Xiongnu noted down something or transmitted a message, they made cuts on a piece of wood ('ke-mu'), and they also mention a \"Hu script\". At Noin-Ula and other Xiongnu burial sites in Mongolia and the region north of Lake Baikal, among the objects were discovered over 20 carved characters. Most of these characters are either identical or very similar to letters of the Old Turkic alphabet of the Early Middle Ages found on the Eurasian steppes. From this, some specialists conclude that the Xiongnu used a script similar to the ancient \"Eurasian runiform\", and that this alphabet was a basis for later Turkic writing. The Noin-Ula burials were intensively studied, but because the cemetery was desecrated in antiquity and bodies removed, no craniological, odontological, or genetic studies could be conducted. One exception is the odontological study of preserved enamel caps of seven permanent teeth belonging to a young woman. The study describes highly diagnostic traits with a very rare combination found in certain ancient and modern populations of the Caspian–Aral region and in the northern Indus–Ganges interfluve. A Parthian woolen cloth in the grave indicates that the woman was of northwestern Indian origin associated with the Parthian culture. The finds suggest that at the beginning of the Common Era, peoples of Parthian origin were incorporated within Xiongnu society. Parthians belonged to the tribal union called in ancient Greek Dahae, also known as Tokhars and in Chinese as Yuezhi. original colors of a carpet from Noyon uul]. Moscow-Leningrad, 1937. ekspeditsii P. K. Kozlova [Brief reports of the expedition to study Northern Mongolia in conjunction with the Mongolia-Tibetan expedition of P. K. Kozlov]. Leningrad, 1925. artefacts of Noyon uul (results of spectroscopic analysis)]. //Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta arkheologii 167 (1981): Noin-Ula burial site The Noin-Ula burial site (, Noyon uulyn bulsh) consist of more than 200 large burial mounds, approximately square in plan, some"
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"retrieved": [
"Rachel Leclerc Rachel Leclerc (born July 9, 1955) is a Quebec poet and novelist. The daughter of Rose Aimee Landry and Germain Leclerc, she was born in Nouvelle on Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula. Leclerc studied in Rimouski and went on to earn a Master's degree in creative writing at the Université du Québec à Montréal in 1985. In 1984, she published her first collection of poems \"Fugues\". Her poetry collection \"Les vies frontalières\", published in 1991, received the Prix Émile-Nelligan and the Prix Jovette-Bernier and was a finalist for the Governor General's Award for French-language poetry in 1994. Her collection \"Rabatteurs d'étoiles\" received the Prix Alain-Grandbois in 1995 and was included on the shortlist for the Governor General's Award for French-language poetry in 1994. Leclerc has also received the Prix littéraires Radio-Canada in 2006 and the Prix du Marché de la Poésie de Montréal in 2008. She published her first novel \"Noces de sable\" in 1995. Her novel \"Ruelle Océan\" appeared on the shortlist for the Governor General's Award for French-language fiction in 2001. Leclerc has also written articles for the literary journal \"Lettres Québécoises\" and has worked as an editor for television subtitles. Rachel Leclerc Rachel Leclerc (born July 9,"
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"Calexico International Airport Calexico International Airport is a city-owned public-use airport located one mile (1.6 km) west of the central business district of Calexico, in Imperial County, California, United States. The airport is mostly used for general aviation and to facilitate border crossing. Calexico International Airport covers an area of which contains one asphalt paved runway (8/26) measuring 4,679 x 75 ft (1,426 x 23 m). For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2004, the airport had 12,240 aircraft operations, an average of 33 per day: 93% general aviation and 7% air taxi. At that time there were 23 aircraft based at this airport: 83% single-engine and 17% multi-engine. Calexico International Airport Calexico International Airport is a city-owned public-use airport located one mile (1.6 km) west of the central business district of Calexico, in Imperial County, California, United States. The airport is mostly used for general aviation and to facilitate border crossing. Calexico International Airport covers an area of which contains one asphalt paved runway (8/26) measuring 4,679 x 75 ft (1,426 x 23 m). For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2004, the airport had 12,240 aircraft operations, an average of 33 per day: 93% general aviation and 7%"
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"Vilhelm Hammershøi Vilhelm Hammershøi (), often written in English Vilhelm Hammershoi (15 May 186413 February 1916), was a Danish painter. He is known for his poetic, subdued portraits and interiors. Vilhelm Hammershøi was born in 1864 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The son of a well-to-do merchant, Christian Hammershøi, and his wife, Frederikke (née Rentzmann), Hammershøi studied drawing from the age of eight with Niels Christian Kierkegaard and Holger Grønvold, as well as painting with Vilhelm Kyhn, before embarking on studies with Frederik Vermehren and others at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. From 1883 to 1885, he studied with Peder Severin Krøyer at the Independent Study Schools, then debuted in the Charlottenborg Spring Exhibition in 1885 with \"Portrait of a Young Girl\" (his sister, Anna; Pierre-Auguste Renoir is reported to have admired this painting). Hammershøi married Ida Ilsted in 1891. Hammershøi worked mainly in his native city, painting portraits, architecture, and interiors. He also journeyed to the surrounding countryside and locations beyond, where he painted rolling hills, stands of trees, farm houses, and other landscapes. He is most celebrated for his interiors, many of which he painted in Copenhagen at Strandgade 30 (where he lived with his wife from 1898 to 1909, and Strandgade 25 (where they lived from 1913 to 1916). He travelled widely in Europe, finding London especially atmospheric in providing locations for his highly understated work, suffused as it was at the time with a foggy, coal smoke polluted atmosphere. His work in consequence has been described as \"Monet meets the Camden School\". Hammershøi's wife figures in many of his interiors, often depicted from behind. Ida is also the model in many similar works by her brother, Peter Ilsted. Peter and Vilhelm were lifelong friends, business partners, and colleagues. The Metropolitan Museum of Art held an exhibition of their collective works in 2001, and there was an exhibition of his works in 2008 at the Royal Academy of London. Hammershøi's paintings are best described as muted in tone. He refrained from employing bright colours (except in his very early academic works), opting always for a limited palette consisting of greys, as well as desaturated yellows, greens, and other dark hues. His tableaux of figures turned away from the viewer project an air of slight tension and mystery, while his exteriors of grand buildings in Copenhagen and in London (he painted two exteriors of the British Museum between 1905 and 1906) are devoid of people, a quality they share with his landscapes. Hammershøi's early works, with their simplicity and recording of the \"banality of everyday life\", enjoyed critical acclaim. He was sought out by artists and literary figures of the time, among them Emil Nolde and Rainer Maria Rilke, who both remarked on his retiring manner and reluctance to talk. After a trip to Paris, his work became overly detailed. According to art critic Souren Melikian, his \"painterly skill remained but the magic was lost.\" Hammershøi’s melancholic vision has now regained its place in the public consciousness. He is now one of the best-known artists in Scandinavia, and comprehensive retrospectives of his work have been organized by the Musée d'Orsay in Paris and the Guggenheim Museum in New York. In 2008, the Royal Academy of London hosted the first major exhibition in Britain of Hammershøi’s work, \"Vilhelm Hammershøi: The Poetry of Silence\". Hammershøi’s only painting on constant display in Britain is 'Interior' in the National Gallery. In 1997, Denmark issued a postage stamp in his honour. In 2005, Hammershøi's life and oeuvre was featured in a BBC television documentary, \"Michael Palin and the Mystery of Hammershoi\", with the British comedian and writer Michael Palin. In the programme, Palin, fascinated by Hammershøi, whose pictures he conceived as having a distinct enigmatic coolness and distance about them, sets out to unlock the mysteries and find out about the background of Hammershøi. Palin, wanting to know of his inspirations and the reason for these mystical pictures, started his search in Hayward Gallery in London, goes to Amsterdam and finally to Copenhagen. In June 2012, Hammershøi's \"Ida læser et brev\" (Ida Reading a Letter) was auctioned by Sotheby's in London for £1,721,250 or DKK 15,747,499, a record for any Danish work of art. Two other paintings by Hammershøi were also sold the same day at Sotheby's for unusually high prices: \"Interiør med to lys\" (Interior with Two Candles) was auctioned for DKK 10,110,000 and \"Ida i interiør\" (Ida in Interior) for DKK 6,120,000. In December 2018, The Getty Museum acquired the painting \"Interior with an Easel, Bredgade 25\" (1912) for $5,037,500. Vilhelm Hammershøi Vilhelm Hammershøi (), often written in English Vilhelm Hammershoi (15 May 186413 February 1916), was a Danish painter. He is known for his poetic, subdued portraits and interiors. Vilhelm Hammershøi was born in 1864 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The son"
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"retrieved": [
"Washington Bridge (Providence, Rhode Island) The Washington Bridge is a series of three bridges carrying Interstate 195, US Route 6, US Route 44, and U.S. Route 1A over the Seekonk River connecting India Point in Providence to Watchemoket Square in East Providence, Rhode Island. The historic portion of the bridge dating to 1930 serves as the pedestrian crossing, and bike link to the East Bay Bike Path. The pedestrian span is also a part of the Washington-Rochambeau National Historic Trail. Prior to the construction of bridges, tidal ferries provided the only means to cross the river. Tides propelled the ferries along guide ropes anchored on both sides. However, the ferries were unable to operate during bad weather, and travelers could be stranded on each side. Replacing the ferries with bridges would be a major advance in transportation. The first bridge in this general location was constructed in 1793, when John Brown's Providence South Bridge Company built a covered drawbridge. This bridge served as part of a turnpike that followed Taunton Avenue from Watchemoket Square to Taunton, Massachusetts. The same year, Brown's brother Moses built the Central Bridge (red bridge) to the north, connecting what are now the Providence and East Providence ends of Waterman Avenue. Replacements were built in 1807 and 1815 after each existing bridge was destroyed by weather. A swing bridge was then built in 1885, and carried a street car line. The original (southern) span of the current bridge was opened on September 25, 1930 as a bascule bridge. Designed by engineer Clarence W. Hudson and architect Carl L. Otto, both of New York City, it is dedicated to George Washington, in honor of his crossing with General Rochambeau. It linked the old Fox Point Boulevard on the Providence side with the intersection of Warren and Taunton Avenues - Watchemoket Square - both of which still terminate at the East Providence end of the bridge. The four-lane bridge (two lanes in each direction) was marked by four large (approximately 15 ft high by 8 ft wide at the base by 3 ft deep (4.6x2.4x0.9 m)) stone monuments, all having identical bronze dedications to Washington on them. The bridge structure itself, with its stone façade and arches under the roadway, is similar to the Arlington Memorial Bridge in Washington, D.C., on a shortened scale. In 1959, the span, along with the approach roads, were redesignated as part of the newly created I-195, which, by the end of the year, extended to the Massachusetts border. However, it was determined that future congestion on the bridge was far too much for its future use. In 1968, a twin spanned bridge (which included retaining a portion of the original bridge to serve pedestrian/ bike traffic) was completed to the north of the original span. Separated by approximately twenty feet (6 m) the two interstate bridges were hemmed into the space afforded. It was at this time that two changes were made to the original bridge; the bascule section was permanently closed, as the new bridges were not designed to include bascule functions. The bridge monuments on the northern side of the bridge on each approach were relocated to the respective sides of the new western approach span, giving the bridge its final appearance. In 1996, both bridges were repaired. The new bridge had large amounts of its steel understructure replaced, which required some lanes to be closed during the entire project. The old bridge was patched by closing lanes at night, cutting holes in the surface, performing repairs, and opening the lanes for the morning rush. Segments of the bridge have fallen into a state of disrepair, such as the original 1930 segment now used as the pedestrian span. That portion had closed in July 2012, as RIDOT expanded the original infrastructure into a Linear Park. Much of the repair was limited by RI State budget constraints and other cost issues related to its age and the stress of multi-regional congested traffic traveling eastward to the Seekonk/Fall River suburbs and Cape Cod. Other than the Henderson Bridge located one mile to the north, the Washington Bridge is the only span traveling over the Seekonk River. In the Washington Bridge project, the eastbound bridge was replaced. This involved building a portion of the new bridge in the gap between the two structures, moving traffic to the new bridge, then demolishing the left lanes of the old bridge to make room for the right lanes of the new one. The old control booths for the bascule section have been removed. The new span is now complete. Part of the original eastbound structure was preserved, and is being used as a bike and pedestrian route. From 2012-2015, a bicycle and pedestrian park was constructed on a remaining section of the original Washington Bridge. The park opened in September 2015, at a total cost of $21.8-million. The park consists of an 11-foot-wide bicycle lane, a separated footpath paved with stamped concrete, and several seating areas. The path is completely separated from I-195 automobile traffic. The linear park is named George Redman Linear Park, in honor of East Providence cyclist and park activist George Redman. A plaque honoring Redman can be seen on the west end of the park. Washington Bridge (Providence, Rhode Island) The Washington Bridge is a series of three bridges carrying Interstate 195, US Route 6, US Route 44, and U.S. Route 1A"
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"Ryan Johnston (ice hockey) Ryan Johnston (born 14 February 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for Luleå HF of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). He has previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Montreal Canadiens. Born in Sudbury, Ontario, Johnston played three years of college hockey with the Colgate Raiders. In the summer of 2015, he signed a two-year two-way deal with the Canadiens and played the 2015-16 with Montreal's AHL affiliate, the St. John's IceCaps. After a string of injuries to Canadiens' defenceman, Johnston was called up and played his first NHL game on 5 April 2015. At the conclusion of his entry-level contract with the Canadiens having played in 10 games over a span of two seasons, Johnston left the Canadiens as an impending restricted free agent, agreeing to a two-year contract with Top Tier SHL club, Luleå HF, on June 26, 2017. Johnston's sister Rebecca is a member of the Canada women's national ice hockey team and a two-time Olympic gold winner. Their uncle Mike Johnston was the head coach of the Pittsburgh Penguins in the 2014–15 and part of the 2015–16 seasons and an assistant coach with the Vancouver Canucks and the Los Angeles Kings. Ryan Johnston (ice hockey) Ryan Johnston (born 14 February 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for Luleå HF of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). He has previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Montreal Canadiens. Born in Sudbury, Ontario, Johnston played three years of college hockey with the Colgate Raiders. In the summer of 2015, he signed a two-year two-way deal with the Canadiens and played the 2015-16 with Montreal's AHL affiliate, the St. John's IceCaps. After a string of injuries to Canadiens' defenceman, Johnston was called"
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"The Flash Legs The Flash Legs (Chinese title: 太極八蛟; Cantonese: Tài jí bā jiǎo. \"The Ultimate Eight Feet\"), also released as Shaolin Deadly Kicks, is a 1977 Hong Kong martial arts action film directed by Ma Wu and starring Tao-liang Tan and Lo Lieh. The film was later remade as \"Breathing Fire\", with Tao-liang Tan serving as writer and executive producer under the pseudonym of Delon Tanners. A gang of robbers known as The Eight Dragons have infiltrated a local residence in an attempt to steal a map. Upon its successful retrieval, when the bandits are about to make their getaway, the lights suddenly flick on, and they are accosted by the owner of the house (the map, presumably, is his as well). The owners of the house are quickly disposed of, and The Eight Dragons make off into the night with their map. Because of the robbery not being executed as smoothly as planned, The Eight Dragons become paranoid about actually seeking the treasure divulged in the map, and decide to hold off until the heat blows over. So they divide the map into eight pieces, and promise to meet again in three years and collect their fortune. It isn't too long after the temporary break-up that one of the Dragons (Husky) is arrested in an unrelated robbery as an attempt to cover his extensive tab at the local brothel. In jail, he meets Fong Yee (Tao-liang Tan), and together they devise an ingenious plan to escape. Actually, one of the other prisoners pickpockets a guard, gets the key to the cells, and lets them go. Approximately ten minutes after their escape, Husky discovers that Fong Yee is actually an undercover cop out to infiltrate The Eight Dragons and recover the map. After killing Husky Dragon, Fong Yee recovers the first piece of the stolen document. One by one, Fong Yee confronts each member of The Eight Dragons, and for the most part, kills them but gets captured by one of them, however he eventually escapes without the map pieces. Fong returns the next day, disposes of his captors, and recovers their respective pieces of the map. Unfortunately, however, he is stabbed in the process. With the knife still embedded in his back, Fong Yee wanders into the woods and passes out. He wakes up in the house of the girl (Doris Lung) he previously saved. The recovery process proves slow; Fong not only needs to mend his body, but also regain his kung-fu prowess as well. But unbeknownst to the young couple, her father (Wong Hap), ironically, turns out to be one of the few remaining Eight Dragons, and a final showdown between him and Fong is inevitable. The second in command of the Eight Dragons arrives (Lo Lieh) as the reunion is close. The father chooses to repent and give up the map so that he can live in peace and not reveal his past to his daughter. Lo Lieh kills him and steals the map. Fong Yee and the daughter hunt down Lo Lieh to retrieve the map and achieve revenge. The film's music was composed by Fu Liang Chou under the name of Chow Fook-Leung. Pieces of John Barry's 1974 score to \"The Man with the Golden Gun\" can be heard throughout the film. The Flash Legs The Flash Legs (Chinese title: 太極八蛟; Cantonese: Tài jí bā jiǎo. \"The Ultimate Eight Feet\"), also released as Shaolin Deadly Kicks, is a 1977 Hong Kong martial arts action film directed by Ma Wu and starring Tao-liang Tan and Lo Lieh. The film was later remade as \"Breathing"
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"Endoscopic stenting Endoscopic stenting is a medical procedure by which a stent, a hollow device designed to prevent contriction or collapse of a tubular organ, is inserted by endoscopy. They are usually inserted when a disease process has led to narrowing or obstruction of the organ in question, such as the esophagus or the colon. Endoscopic stents are commonly referred to as self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS). SEMS \"play an important role in the management of malignant obstructing lesions in the gastrointestinal tract.\" A stent may be inserted into the common bile duct during an ERCP, especially if gallstone removal is deemed too risky. Endoscopic stenting Endoscopic stenting is a medical procedure by which a stent, a hollow device designed to prevent contriction or collapse of a tubular organ, is inserted by endoscopy. They are usually inserted when a disease process has led to narrowing or obstruction of the organ in question, such as the esophagus or the colon. Endoscopic stents are commonly referred to as self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS). SEMS \"play an important role in the management of malignant obstructing lesions in the gastrointestinal tract.\" A stent may be inserted into the common bile duct during an ERCP, especially if"
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"Two Friends (DJs) Two Friends is an American DJ/producer duo made up of Eli Sones and Matthew Halper. The Los Angeles-based duo gained popularity for their remixes, original discography, and hour-long ‘Big Bootie’ mixes. They have most notably remixed such classics as Blink 182’s ‘I Miss You’ and The Killers' ‘Mr. Brightside,’ with official remixes for Lana Del Rey, Tove Lo, The Chainsmokers, Tori Kelly, Vicetone and Echosmith as well. Eli grew up in Los Angeles, while Matt moved around before settling into LA at the age of ten. They met each other in seventh grade while attending Brentwood School throughout their middle and high school years. At the very end of high school, the duo formed Two Friends, coming up with the name together during a Senior Seminar class they had both enrolled in. They began working on hip-hop beats in the software Pro Tools, producing for several up-and-coming rappers before pivoting towards the electronic realm. After visiting the Sahara Tent at Coachella and being slowly introduced to electronic music by some friends and family, they became even more fascinated with the emerging genre and soon dove in head-first. Growing up, Matt had a strong background in music, starting guitar lessons at the age of eight, training in music theory, and singing in his high school choir. Traditionally his listening interests were dominated by alternative rock and rock classics such as Blink-182, Led Zeppelin, and Bon Jovi. Eli's focus was more centralized around DJ-ing and mashups. During high school, Sones went by the moniker \"The Friendly Giant\" before linking up with Halper and forming Two Friends. His early musical interests were predominantly hip-hop and indie rock. Soon after starting to create music together, Eli moved to Nashville, Tennessee to attend Vanderbilt University and Matt to Palo Alto to attend Stanford University. Matt majored in Product Design and Eli in Human & Organizational Development, but much of their time was dedicated to the Two Friends project. For the most part, the first four years of Two Friends was long-distance; however since graduating and returning home to LA in 2015, Matt & Eli have been working the Two Friends project full-time. Two Friends recently described their music as \"songs that are fun and get you dancing and moving, but also hopefully resonate with you on a more emotional level at the same time... [They are] kind of a melting pot of a lot of different elements and influences- whether from dance music, from pop, even from alternative rock or hip-hop.\" One of their first big opportunities came in 2014, when their remix of Lana Del Rey's “Born To Die” was added to regular rotation on SiriusXM’s EDM Station \"BPM\". Later in 2014, they released two singles with the band ‘Breach the Summit’ (now known as Armors) titled “Our Names in Lights” and “Long Way Home”. Their next originals came in 2016 with “Forever” and “Overdose” on Armada Music, both amassing millions of plays throughout Spotify, Soundcloud and other streaming services. In 2016 the musical group toured more vigorously than ever before, playing frequently across North America. Their second and most popular EP “Out Of Love” was released in early 2017 through Spinnin' Records, featuring what would become two of their most popular songs, “Out Of Love” and “Pacific Coast Highway”. They subsequently embarked on the “Out Of Love Tour” in the beginning of 2017. The remainder of 2017 saw the releases “Emily”, “While We’re Dreaming” and “Just A Kid”, with the accompanying tours including shows at major venues and festivals such as Electric Forest Festival, Terminal 5, and more. The “Just A Kid Tour” is scheduled for early 2018 with an extensive, US-dominated calendar of dates. The duo has amassed over twenty-seven #1 tracks on Hype Machine, as well as garnered praise from The Chainsmokers, who named them “Most Underrated Artist” in a 2017 Reddit Thread. They have recently undertaken official remixes for artists such as Steve Aoki, Louis Tomlinson, Audien, 3LAU, Vicetone and many more. They are signed with LA-based management company Deckstar and represented by APA Agency. In 2012, Two Friends debuted their mix series Friendly Sessions, which featured thirty minutes of their favorite songs across the dance realm alongside a thirty-minute guest mix from the latest upcoming producers and DJs. Halpers cousin Andrew Chaney helped to produce this show in its later years. Friendly Sessions has featured acts such as Lost Kings, Louis the Child, Mako and more. In November 2015, Two Friends received the “Award of Independent Excellence” from Hollywood Music in Media Awards. In December 2017, they received “Top DJ Set” honors from Soundcloud in the 2017 Soundcloud playback for “Big Bootie Mix Volume 11”. 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Two Friends (DJs) Two Friends is an American DJ/producer duo made up of Eli"
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"retrieved": [
"Jean-Joseph Vadé Jean-Joseph Vadé (17 January 1720 – 4 July 1757) was a French chansonnier and playwright of the 18th century. The son of Jacques Vadé, an innkeeper, Jean-Joseph went with his father to Paris in 1725. His studies suffered from his ebullient and lively character, and he could never learn Latin, but he knew how to correct the weakness of his education by reading the best authors on his own. At twenty, he obtained the position of controller of the \"vingtième\" (income tax) in Soissons, then in Laon, where he was noted for his wit and upbeat verve. In 1743, he left Laon to go to Rouen and became secretary of the Duke of Agenois for two years. Finally, he returned to Paris where his friends helped him find a new job in the office of the \"vingtième\". It was around that time that he became known to the public for his effortless and graceful poems. Occasionally a singer, Vadé participated in the singing society . He had a daughter, Marie Françoise Rose (c. 1756 – 1818), who played under the name Mademoiselle Vadé at the Comédie-Française in 1776 and 1777 and was succeeded the following year by Mademoiselle Mars. He also had an illegitimate son, who married and became the father of the mother of the poet and goguettiere (1795–1862). He died in July 1757 at age 37, following a painful operation. Vadé published a series of fables that, without reaching the height of La Fontaine, said very good things in a nice form with graceful and charming amorous poems. He soon became famous, but having had the misfortune to become a little too close to the anti-\"philosophe\" Fréron, Voltaire never forgave him and never missed an opportunity to taunt and heap scorn on \"this prank Vadé\" (as he called him in a letter sent 7 September 1774 to Marie Du Deffand). Voltaire nevertheless gave Vadé the honor of signing several of his own works under the name Vadé. What earned Vadé a reputation as the creator of the \"\" is that, in seeking by honest toil the way to live honestly, he turned to theater, for which, before composing a number of \"vaudevilles\", \"parades\" and \"opéras comiques\", he first tried to write serious plays. These attempts proved fruitless when \"Les Visites du jour de l’An\", which premiered on 3 January 1749 at the Comédie-Française, was presented only once, or \"La Canadienne\" was never performed at all. Vadé then turned successfully to comedy theater at the Foire Saint-Laurent and the Foire Saint-Germain, where his parodies showed him to be a mocking spirit, but nevertheless a deep and careful observer of people. Vadé depicted characters of a healthy and robust nature, with merits and defects, without the vain ornaments or ridiculous cosmetics with which they were burdened at the time. Sternly criticized by Grimm, La Harpe and Collé who declared the \"poissard\" style \"below nothing,\" Vadé had supporters and admirers, who called him the Teniers, the Callot of French poetry or the Corneille of Les Halles. However, beyond Vadé's style (his trivial expressions, risqué phrases, burlesque), behind the \"poissard\", Vadé's characters expressed in their dialog, a moral thought, which although sometimes hidden under a somewhat rough form, did not emerge less vigorously. Jean-Joseph Vadé Jean-Joseph Vadé (17 January 1720 – 4 July 1757) was a French chansonnier and playwright of the 18th century. The son of Jacques Vadé, an innkeeper, Jean-Joseph went with his father to Paris in 1725. His studies suffered from his ebullient and lively character, and he could never learn Latin, but he knew how to"
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"The Astronauts (film) The Astronauts is a television film, or rather a live television play, which aired in Australia during 1960 on ABC. Broadcast originally in Melbourne on 18 May 1960, a kinescope recording was made of the broadcast and shown in Sydney at a later date (it is not known if it was also shown on ABC's stations in Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth). Duration was 60 minutes, in black-and-white. Written by Don Houghton and produced by Christopher Muir. Writer Houghton was quoted as saying \"\"For the sake of the play, I hope any attempt to put a man into space will not be made before May 18\"\". The play was not science-fiction, but likely reflected the growing interest in the real-life space race. Four men (two Americans, an Englishman and an Australian) are training in Australia to become astronauts, and are preparing for the first manned space launch, for which only one of the men will be selected. The Astronauts (film) The Astronauts is a television film, or rather a live television play, which aired in Australia during 1960 on ABC. Broadcast originally in Melbourne on 18 May 1960, a kinescope recording was made of the broadcast and shown"
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"China Gate (1998 film) China Gate is a 1998 Indian action film directed by Rajkumar Santoshi. It was released on 27 November 1998. The song \"Chamma Chamma\" from the movie was used in Baz Luhrmann's film \"Moulin Rouge!\". The story begins with Col. Krishnakant Puri and his ten men who were sacked from the Indian Army as they failed in the China Gate mission. Krishnakant lives an alienated life after the Court-martial. Become frustrated, one day he was about to commit suicide, but a young lady named Sandhya knocked on his door. Having witnessed the brutal slaying of her Forest Officer father, Sunder Rajan, at the hands of dreaded dacoit Jageera, Sandhya goes to the Col. and asks for his assistance in bringing an end to Jageera's rule in the Devdurg region. Krishnakant agrees to assist her and summons ten of his fellow officers and subordinates to assist him in this mission. They assemble at Devdurg with the necessary ammunition and arms to combat Jageera, not realizing that Jageera has influence over the local police detachment, who will prevent Krishnakant and his men to possess any guns and weapons. This does not deter the men, and they continue to stay on in Devdurg. They gain the confidence of the villagers also. What the villagers do not know is that Krishnakant and his men had all been dishonorably discharged from the army for cowardice and retreating when attacked by the enemy. At the time of first encounter with the gang of Jageera, the team of Krishnakant realised that they have lost reflexes and fighting abilities due to age. With the permission of Col. Krishnakant, Major Gurung starts to train them again. One day, Jagira captures them with the help of corrupt police officer Bharat, but they escape finally and recapture Jageera. Col Krishan Puri and few officers intend to kill him, but leader Col. Puri hand over him to the police inspector Barot. As a result, Jagira again becomes freed and kills Maj. Sarfaraj. Now the full team of Krishnakant along with the villagers chase Jageera to take final revenge. The music for this movie was composed by Anu Malik and the item song \"Chamma Chamma\" became extremely popular, which was later used in Hollywood film Moulin Rouge! and will recreate for film Fraud Saiyyan China Gate (1998 film) China Gate is a 1998 Indian action film directed by Rajkumar Santoshi."
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"1976 Summer Olympics The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially called the Games of the XXI Olympiad (French: Les \"XXIes olympiques d'été\"), was an international multi-sport event in Montreal, Quebec, in 1976, and the first Olympic Games held in Canada. Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12, 1970, at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam, over the bids of Moscow and Los Angeles. It was the first and, so far, only Summer Olympic Games to be held in Canada. Calgary and Vancouver later hosted the Winter Olympic Games in 1988 and 2010, respectively. Twenty-nine countries, mostly African, boycotted the Montreal Games when the International Olympic Committee (IOC) refused to ban New Zealand, after the New Zealand national rugby union team had toured South Africa earlier in 1976 in defiance of the United Nations' calls for a sporting embargo. The vote occurred on May 12, 1970, at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam, Netherlands. While Los Angeles and Moscow were viewed as the favourites given that they represented the world's two main powers, many of the smaller countries supported Montreal as an underdog and as a relatively neutral site for the games. Los Angeles was eliminated after the first round and Montreal won in the second round. Moscow would go on to host the 1980 Summer Olympics and Los Angeles the 1984 Summer Olympics. One blank vote was cast in the second and final round. Toronto had made its third attempt for the Olympics but failed to get the support of the Canadian Olympic Committee, which selected Montreal instead. Robert Bourassa, then the Premier of Quebec, first asked Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau to advise Canada's monarch, Elizabeth II, to attend the opening of the games. However, Bourassa later became unsettled about how unpopular the move might be with sovereigntists in the province, annoying Trudeau, who had already made arrangements. The leader of the Parti Québécois at the time, René Lévesque, sent his own letter to Buckingham Palace, asking the Queen to refuse her prime minister's request, though she did not oblige Lévesque as he was out of his jurisdiction in offering advice to the Sovereign. In 1976, Trudeau, succumbing to pressure from the Communist Chinese, issued an order barring Taiwan from participating as China in the 1976 Montreal Olympics, although technically it was a matter for the IOC. His action strained relations with the United States – from President Ford, future President Carter and the press – and subjected Canada to international condemnation and shame. The \"Oxford Olympics Study\" estimates the outturn cost of the Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics at USD 6.1 billion in 2015-dollars and cost overrun at 720% in real terms. This includes sports-related costs only, that is, (i) \"operational costs\" incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) \"direct capital costs\" incurred by the host city and country or private investors to build, e.g., the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host the Games. Indirect capital costs are \"not\" included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging the Games. The cost overrun for Montreal 1976 is the highest cost overrun on record for any Olympics. The cost and cost overrun for Montreal 1976 compares with costs of USD 4.6 billion and a cost overrun of 51% for Rio 2016 and USD 15 billion and 76% for London 2012. Average cost for the Summer Games from 1960 to 2016 is 5.2 billion 2015 US dollars, average cost overrun is 176%. Much of the cost overruns were caused by the \"Conseil des métiers de la construction\" union whose leader was André \"Dede\" Desjardins, and who kept the construction site in \"anarchic disorder\" as part of a shakedown. The French architect Roger Taillibert who designed the Olympic stadium recounted in his 2000 book \"Notre Cher Stade Olympique\" that he and Montreal mayor Jean Drapeau tried hard to buy off Desjardins, even taking him to a lunch at the exclusive Ritz-Carlton hotel in a vain attempt to end the \"delays\". Ultimately Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa made some sort of secret deal to buy off Desjardins, which finally allowed work to proceed. Taillibert wrote in \"Notre Cher Stade Olympique\" \"If the Olympic Games took place, it was thanks to Dede Desjardins. What irony!\" The opening ceremony of the 1976 Summer Olympic Games was held on Saturday, July 17, 1976, at the Olympic Stadium in Montreal, Quebec in front of an audience of some 73,000 in the stadium, and an estimated half billion watching on television. The ceremony marked the opening of the Games of the XXI Olympiad, the first Olympics held in Canada (Calgary would later host the 1988 Olympic Winter Games, and Vancouver the 2010 Olympic Winter Games). Following an air show by the Canadian Forces Air Command's Snowbirds aerobatic flight demonstration squadron in the sunny skies above the stadium, the ceremony officially began at 3:00 pm with a trumpet fanfare and the arrival of Elizabeth II, as Queen of Canada. The Queen was accompanied by Michael Morris, Lord Killanin, President of the International Olympic Committee, and was greeted to an orchestral rendition of 'O Canada', an arrangement that for many years later would be used in schools across the country as well as in the daily sign off of TV broadcasts in the country. The queen entered the Royal Box with her consort, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and her son, Prince Andrew (her daughter, Princess Anne, was an equestrian competitor for the team from Great Britain). She joined a number of Canadian and Olympic dignitaries, including: Jules Léger, Governor General of Canada, and his wife, Gabrielle; Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and wife, Margaret; Robert Bourassa, Premier of the Province of Quebec; Roger Rousseau, chief of the Montreal Olympic Organizing Committee (COJO); Sheila Dunlop, Lady Killanin, wife of the IOC President; Mayor of Montreal, Jean Drapeau, and his wife, Marie-Claire. The parade of athletes began moments later with the arrival of the Greek team and concluded with the entrance of the Canadian team. All other teams entered the stadium according to French alphabetical order. The ceremony was marked by the adorning of Israel’s flag with a black mourning ribbon, in memory of the eleven athletes and coaches killed by Palestinian terrorists at the previous Summer Olympic Games in Munich four years earlier. Although most would eventually boycott the Games in the days to follow, a number of African delegations did march in the parade. Much of the music performed for the parade was arranged by Vic Vogel and was inspired by late Quebec composer, André Mathieu. Immediately following the parade, a troupe of 80 women dancers dressed in white (representing the 80th anniversary of the revival of the Olympic Games) performed a brief dance in the outline of the Olympic rings. Following that came the official speeches, first by Roger Rousseau, head of the Montreal Olympic organizing committee, and Lord Killanin. Her Majesty was then invited to proclaim the Games open, which she did, first in French, then in English. Accompanied by the Olympic Hymn, the Olympic flag was carried into the stadium and hoisted at the west end of the stadium. The flag was carried by eight men and hoisted by four women, representing the ten provinces and two territories (at the time) of Canada. As the flag was hoisted, an all-male choir performed an a cappella version of the Olympic Hymn. Once the flag was unfurled, a troupe of Bavarian dancers, representing Munich, host of the previous 1972 Summer Olympics, entered the stadium with the Antwerp flag. Following a brief dance, that flag",
"Following that came the official speeches, first by Roger Rousseau, head of the Montreal Olympic organizing committee, and Lord Killanin. Her Majesty was then invited to proclaim the Games open, which she did, first in French, then in English. Accompanied by the Olympic Hymn, the Olympic flag was carried into the stadium and hoisted at the west end of the stadium. The flag was carried by eight men and hoisted by four women, representing the ten provinces and two territories (at the time) of Canada. As the flag was hoisted, an all-male choir performed an a cappella version of the Olympic Hymn. Once the flag was unfurled, a troupe of Bavarian dancers, representing Munich, host of the previous 1972 Summer Olympics, entered the stadium with the Antwerp flag. Following a brief dance, that flag was then passed from the Mayor of Munich to the IOC President and then to the Mayor of Montreal. Next came a presentation of traditional Québécois folk dancers. The two troupes merged in dance together to the strains of \"Vive le Compagnie\" and exited the stadium with the Antwerp Flag, which would be displayed at Montreal City Hall until the opening of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. Three cannons were then fired, as the 80-member troupe of female dancers unfolded special crates that released doves and ribbons in the five Olympic colours. Another trumpet fanfare announced the arrival of the Olympic Flame. The torch was carried by two 15-year-olds, Stéphane Préfontaine and Sandra Henderson, chosen as representatives of the unity within Canada's linguistic heritage. This would also be the first time two people would light the Olympic flame, and Henderson would become only the second woman to do the honours. The duo would make a lap of the stadium and then climbed a staircase on a special dais at the center of the stadium to set the Olympic flame alight in a temporary white aluminum cauldron. The flame was later transported to a more permanent cauldron just outside the running track to burn throughout the duration of the Games. A choir then performed the Olympic Cantata as onlookers admired the Olympic flame. Then, the 'Youth of Canada' took to the track to perform a colourful choreographed segment with flags, ribbons and a variety of rhythmic gymnast performers. The flag bearers of each team then circled around the speaker's dais as Pierre St-Jean recited the Athletes' Oath and Maurice Forget recited the Judges' Oath, in English and in French, with right hand over the heart and the Canadian flag clutched in the left. Finally, a choral performance of 'O Canada' in both French and English marked the close of the opening ceremony, as the announcers concluded with a declaration of 'Vive les Jeux de Montreal! Long Live the Montreal Games'. The Montreal ceremony would be the last of its kind, as future Olympic ceremonies, beginning with the 1980 Moscow Games, would become more focused on theatrical, cultural and artistic presentations and less on formality and protocol. There was a desire by the IOC's program commission to reduce the number of competitors and a number of recommendations were put to the IOC's executive board on February 23, 1973, which were all accepted. Rowing was the only sport where the number of competitors was increased, and women were admitted for the first time in Olympic history. The 1976 Summer Olympic programme featured 196 events with 198 medal ceremonies in the following 21 sports: Four nations made their first Summer Olympic appearance in Montreal: Andorra (which had its overall Olympic debut a few months before in Innsbruck Winter Olympics), Antigua and Barbuda (as \"Antigua\"), Cayman Islands, and Papua New Guinea. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of athletes from each nation that competed at the Games. These are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1976 Games. Canada placed 27th with only 11 medals in total — none of them being gold. Canada remains the only host nation of a Summer Olympics that did not win at least one gold medal in its own games. It also did not win any gold medals at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. However, Canada went on to win the most gold medals at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. Twenty-nine countries boycotted the Games due to the refusal of the IOC to ban New Zealand, after the New Zealand national rugby union team had toured South Africa earlier in 1976. The boycott was led by Congolese official Jean Claude Ganga. Some of the boycotting nations (including Morocco, Cameroon and Egypt) had already participated, however, and withdrew after the first few days. Senegal and Ivory Coast were the only African countries that competed throughout the duration of the Games. Elsewhere, both Iraq and Guyana also opted to join the Congolese-led boycott. South Africa had been banned from the Olympics since 1964 due to its apartheid policies. Other countries, such as El Salvador and Zaire, did not participate in Montreal because of economic reasons. An unrelated boycott of the Montreal Games was the main issue between the Republic of China (ROC) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). The ROC team withdrew from the games when Canada's Liberal government under Pierre Trudeau told it that the name \"Republic of China\" was not permissible at the Games because Canada had officially recognized the PRC in 1970. Canada attempted a compromise by allowing the ROC the continued use of its national flag and anthem in the Montreal Olympic activities; the ROC refused. Later in November 1976, the IOC recognized the PRC as the only recognized name of any Olympic activities representative of any Chinese government. In 1979 the IOC established in the Nagoya Resolution that the PRC agreed to participate in IOC activities if the Republic of China was referred to as \"Chinese Taipei\". Another boycott would occur before the ROC would accept the provisions of the 1979 Resolution although the reason that so many other countries boycotted were not all the same as the ROC. The legacy of the Montreal Olympics is complex. Many citizens regard the Olympiad as a financial disaster for the city as it faced debts for 30 years after the Games had finished. The retractable roof of the Olympic Stadium never properly worked and on several occasions has torn, prompting the stadium to be closed for extended periods of time for repairs. The failure of the Montreal Expos baseball club is largely blamed on the failure of the Olympic Stadium to transition into an effective and popular venue for the club – given the massive capacity of the stadium, it often looked unimpressive even with regular crowds in excess of 20,000 spectators. The year 1976 was also when the separatist Parti Québécois was first elected in Quebec, leading to new legislation to strengthen the legal status of the province's French-speaking majority; this also had the effect of driving migration of English speakers out of the province, especially to Ontario. Montreal's economy was also changing much like other industrial cities in the Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence River region of North America. In sum, numerous political, socio-cultural and economic changes affected the city at around the same time as the Olympics that would result in stalled growth and give the appearance of decline. That said, many of these factors existed prior to the Olympics and continued to have an effect on Montreal's growth and relative importance many years afterwards. There is no evidence which definitively proves that the Montreal Olympics played a specific role in that decline. Before the 21st century, the relative benefits of the Olympics were defined differently. There were also different methods by which they were financed and presented to the public. The Quebec provincial government took over construction when it became evident in 1975 that work had fallen far behind schedule. Work was still ongoing just weeks before the opening date, and the tower was not built. Mayor Jean Drapeau had",
"the same time as the Olympics that would result in stalled growth and give the appearance of decline. That said, many of these factors existed prior to the Olympics and continued to have an effect on Montreal's growth and relative importance many years afterwards. There is no evidence which definitively proves that the Montreal Olympics played a specific role in that decline. Before the 21st century, the relative benefits of the Olympics were defined differently. There were also different methods by which they were financed and presented to the public. The Quebec provincial government took over construction when it became evident in 1975 that work had fallen far behind schedule. Work was still ongoing just weeks before the opening date, and the tower was not built. Mayor Jean Drapeau had confidently predicted in 1970 that \"the Olympics can no more have a deficit than a man can have a baby\", but the debt racked up to a billion dollars that the Quebec government mandated the city pay in full. This would prompt cartoonist Aislin to draw a pregnant Drapeau on the telephone saying, \"Allo, Morgentaler?\" in reference to a Montreal abortion provider. The Olympic Stadium was designed by French architect Roger Taillibert. It is often nicknamed \"The Big O\" as a reference to both its name and to the doughnut-shape of the permanent component of the stadium's roof, though \"The Big Owe\" has been used to reference the astronomical cost of the stadium and the 1976 Olympics as a whole. It has never had an effective retractable roof, and the tower (called the Montreal Tower) was completed only after the Olympic Games were over. In December 2006 the stadium's costs were finally paid in full. The total expenditure (including repairs, renovations, construction, interest, and inflation) amounted to C$1.61 billion. Today the stadium lacks a permanent tenant, as the Montreal Alouettes and Montreal Expos have moved, though it does host some individual games of the Alouettes as well as the Montreal Impact. One of the streets surrounding the Olympic Stadium was renamed to honor Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the Olympics. The boycott by African nations over the inclusion of New Zealand, whose rugby team had played in South Africa that year, was a contributing factor in the massive protests and civil disobedience that occurred during the 1981 Springbok Tour of New Zealand. Official sporting contacts between South Africa and New Zealand did not occur again until after the fall of apartheid. Australia's failure to win a gold medal led the country to create the Australian Institute of Sport. In 2016, the 40th Anniversary Celebrations were held. In conjunction with the celebrations, the 2016 Quebec Games were held. Video Clips 1976 Summer Olympics The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially called the Games of the XXI Olympiad (French: Les \"XXIes olympiques d'été\"), was an international multi-sport event in Montreal, Quebec, in 1976, and the first Olympic Games held in Canada. Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12, 1970, at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam, over the bids of Moscow and Los Angeles. It was the first and, so far, only Summer Olympic Games to be held"
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"Aristolochia didyma Aristolochia didyma, or yawar panga is a plant found in South America (French Guiana, Brazil, Peru, Panama, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador) of the genus \"Aristolochia\". It is a powerful purgative, sometimes used in traditional rites to purify the body a few days before an Ayahuasca session. Caution is required; injuries are linked to aristolochic acid contained in some species of this family, as in Belgium incorrect identification and misuse of \"Aristolochia\" species have resulted in severe consequences. Some cases of kidney failure were related after taking a slimming product in which Guang Fang Ji (Aristolochia) had been used instead of Han Fang Ji (Stephania). Aristolochia didyma Aristolochia didyma, or yawar panga is a plant found in South America (French Guiana, Brazil, Peru, Panama, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador) of the genus \"Aristolochia\". It is a powerful purgative, sometimes used in traditional rites to purify the body a few days before an Ayahuasca session. Caution is required; injuries are linked to aristolochic acid contained in some species of this family, as in Belgium incorrect identification and misuse of \"Aristolochia\" species have resulted in severe consequences. Some cases of kidney failure were related after taking a slimming product in which Guang Fang Ji"
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"Richard Doyle (author) Richard Doyle (10 January 1948 – 22 June 2017) was a British author of thriller novels. Doyle was born in Saint Saviour, Guernsey, and on his third birthday was presented at the court of Emperor Haile Selassie. He lived variously in Tripoli, Ethiopia, Kuwait, Kenya, Morocco, Libya, Beirut, Barbados, Antigua, France, Greece, Ireland, and the United States. Home for several years was a plantation house in the West Indies, then on Cape Ann, followed by a fortified bastide in Gascony. He spent a short time at Rugby School before completing his studies at the British Army school in Tripoli. He went on to read law at Lincoln College, Oxford. As a young man he taught English to the Colombian author Gabriel García Márquez. \"Deluge\", Doyle's first novel, was published in 1976. \"Imperial 109\" was published the following year and became a wild success in both the United Kingdom and the United States, selling over a million copies. His 2002 novel \"Flood\" was a best-seller and was adapted for the 2007 film of the same title. He was considered an expert on matters related to climate change and the flooding of London. He was invited to the \"London Under Water\" lecture from the Royal Geographical Society's \"21st Century Challenges\" series in June 2008. Doyle was expelled from Tripoli by military coup, lectured on fighter training to the Italian Air Force and survived several earthquakes, two hurricanes, and a tsunami. He appeared regularly on radio and TV, talking about the flood threat, climate change, writing and his own life. Doyle lived with his wife Sally and son Caspar in Oxford. Both Doyle and his son Caspar are keen yachtsmen. Richard Doyle (author) Richard Doyle (10 January 1948 – 22 June 2017) was a British author of thriller novels. Doyle"
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"1981 CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament The 1981 CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the tenth CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. It was played between March 6 and March 14, 1981. All games were played at Lakeview Arena in Marquette, Michigan, the home venue of the Northern Michigan Wildcats. By winning the tournament, Northern Michigan received the Central Collegiate Hockey Association's automatic bid to the 1981 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, the first automatic bid for the conference. The tournament featured two rounds of play. Only the top four teams in the conference standings were eligible for postseason play. Each of the two rounds were structured so that the two teams facing one another would play two games and the winner would be decided by the goal differential totals of the combined scores. In the semifinal the first and fourth seeds and the second and third seeds were matched as opponents. The victorious teams would then compete in the finals for the conference championship. The tournament champion receives an automatic bid to the 1981 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. \"Note: GP = Games Played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; PTS = Points; GF = Goals For; GA = Goals Against\" 1981 CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament The 1981 CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the tenth CCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. It was played between March 6 and March 14, 1981. All games were played at Lakeview Arena in Marquette, Michigan, the home venue of the Northern Michigan Wildcats. By winning the tournament, Northern Michigan received the Central Collegiate Hockey Association's automatic bid to the 1981 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, the first automatic bid for the conference. The tournament featured two rounds of play. Only the top four teams"
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"Yamaha RD350 YPVS Yamaha RD350 YPVS is a motorcycle that Yamaha made from 1983 to 1986. It was launched at the Cologne motorcycle show as \"the nearest thing to a road going racer ever produced\". It had a parallel-twin two-stroke engine with identical bore and stroke of its predecessor, the Yamaha RD350LC. Yamaha debuted their breakthrough YPVS power valve system that revolutionized the two-stroke engine in the RD350 YPVS of 1983 . In some countries, like the USA, the YPVS models were sold as Yamaha RZ350. It was made in Japan from 1983 to 1986. It was replaced by the RD350 F2 in 1986, In 1992 the production was moved to Brazil, and the model was called RD350R and was produced until 1995. (New front fairing with two head lamps.) The RD500LC was the ultimate evolution of Yamaha's 2 stroke road going machinery, featuring a 500cc V4 YPVS engine. Yamaha RD350 YPVS Yamaha RD350 YPVS is a motorcycle that Yamaha made from 1983 to 1986. It was launched at the Cologne motorcycle show as \"the nearest thing to a road going racer ever produced\". It had a parallel-twin two-stroke engine with identical bore and stroke of its predecessor, the Yamaha"
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"Merlin (Marvel Comics) Merlin is the name of multiple fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first Merlin of the Marvel Universe is apparently the figure of Arthurian legend, hailing from 6th century A.D. Britain. He was born in Carmarthen, Wales. He was a powerful sorcerer who acted as teacher, advisor, and defender of King Arthur Pendragon of Camelot. Merlin warned King Arthur that his son, Mordred would be responsible for the end of Camelot, but before Arthur could put the baby to death, he was rescued and raised in anonymity. Merlin was responsible for teaching magic to Morgan le Fay, though she turned against him and became one of King Arthur's greatest foes. Knowing that Britain would need a champion to face the likes of Mordred and Morgan, he sought a boy to become the first Black Knight. He had this boy, Percy, trained in all known forms of combat, and when he grew up, Sir Percy was presented with the Ebony Blade. When Kang traveled back to the days of Camelot, Merlin was defeated and imprisoned by Kang, who planned to change history. Merlin defeated Kang, however, with the aid of time travelers the Human Torch and the Thing who the Watcher had transported back in time. Merlin cast a spell over the dying Sir Percy so that he would have successors in future centuries. Merlin was finally placed in suspended animation within an enchanted cave by the faerie sorceress Nimue. His spirit continued to appear in astral form and advise the original Black Knight, but he was no longer seen in his physical body. It was later depicted how Merlin magically imprisoned Morgan le Fay within her castle. Merlin allied with St. Brendan against the Darkhold's power. Later was revealed further information about Merlin's alliance with the original Black Knight and imprisonment Morgan. It was also depicted how Merlin banished Tyrannus to Subterranea. Merlin is empowered by the manipulation of the forces of magic. He has the ability to manipulate the forces of magic for a variety of effects including concussive bolts of mystical energy, protective shields of mystical energy, transmutation of matter, mesmerism, thought-casting, illusion-casting, astral projection, and many others. As Merlin grew elderly his physical frailty limited his stamina when manipulating great amounts of magical energy. Merlin has a genius intellect and is extensively self-taught in mystical lore. Merlin remains one of the most powerful and renowned sorcerers of all time, having tutored the powerful Morgan le Fay. However, it is shown that the Camelot Merlin has clear limits to his power, especially in his old age. For example, the Darkhold’s power is so vast it took the combined strength and will of both Merlin and Brendan to contain it. Other beings have also claimed the name Merlin, besides the Merlin of Arthurian legend. This being was apparently 10,000 years old, and apparently was a savage that came to possess some portion of the same Bloodgem that Ulysses Bloodstone would later possess, which gave him immortality and eternal youth. He later came to Britain during the time of Camelot, and impersonated the real Merlin while he was away. The Eternal Sersi exposed the impostor, and the real Merlin placed him in suspended animation. The false Merlin was revived in modern times after his coffin was found, attacked Washington, D.C., and fought Thor. Thor imprisoned him back inside the coffin he was found in after pretending to be a powerful shape-shifter and ordering Merlin to go back into suspended animation. He later took the name Warlock, and fought the X-Men. He later fought the Beast, Hulk, and Iceman under the name Maha Yogi. During his encounter with the Hulk, his fragment of the Bloodgem was destroyed and he rapidly aged into helplessness. He claimed to be a mutant, later retconned as having been altered by aliens and had the ability to control the minds of others, create illusions, project force bolts, levitate objects, teleport himself, create force fields and alter his own appearance. Another being posing as Merlin was sent by Immortus to fight the Avengers. This being was revealed to be a shape-changing Dire Wraith with absolutely no connection to the real Merlin. The being Merlyn also claims to be the real Merlin and appears to be a gestalt of the various other Merlins within the Marvel Multiverse. Peter Hunter, the British costumed champion known as Albion, a member of the Knights of Pendragon, is alleged to be the current reincarnation of Merlin. Merlin also appeared in the Marvel UK \"Doctor Who\" comic appearing first in \"The Neutron Knights\" story and later in the longer \"The Tides of Time\". This Merlin was one of the High Evolutionaries of the Cosmos, a group that also includes Rassilon, the founder of the Time Lords, which guarded the timestream. It appears that this Merlin removed a shard of the Fury that had embedded itself into Merlyn, the physical amalgamations of all his interdimensional counterparts, while at the same time taking his other counterparts' madness out along with it. This allowed Merlin to take over control away from Merlyn. Merlin, who was imprisoned in a dimension used by Otherworld fairy king Oberon to keep evil at bay, was freed by Pete Wisdom during the Skrull invasion of Earth. Magically reversing the effect of the shard of the Fury, Merlin used it to resurrect Captain Britain in \"\" #3. Merlin (Marvel Comics) Merlin is the name of multiple fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first Merlin of the Marvel Universe is apparently the figure of Arthurian legend, hailing from 6th century A.D. Britain. He was born in Carmarthen, Wales. He was a powerful sorcerer who acted as teacher, advisor, and defender of King Arthur Pendragon of Camelot. Merlin warned King Arthur that his son, Mordred would be responsible for the end of Camelot, but before Arthur could put the baby to death, he was rescued and raised in anonymity."
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"Umber (album) Umber is the first full-length album by the American post-hardcore band Bitch Magnet. The band had added second guitarist David Gait since their previous year's release, the eight-song EP \"Star Booty\". In 2004 \"Umber\" was listed in Mojo's \"Lost Albums You Must Own\". \"Umber\" was first released in 1989 on LP by Glitterhouse Records with an all yellowish-umber colored cover with the band's name and album title set in a small bold font at its center. The record's 10 tracks were paired with the band's previous eight-song EP, \"Star Booty\", and issued by Communion on cassette and CD that same year. In 2011, \"Umber\" was remastered by Alan Douches and released in a box-set containing with the rest of the band's catalog. All songs written by Bitch Magnet The 2011 box-set also contains alternate versions \"Motor\", \"Joan of Arc\", \"Big Pining\", \"Joyless Street\" and \"Punch and Judy\". Umber (album) Umber is the first full-length album by the American post-hardcore band Bitch Magnet. The band had added second guitarist David Gait since their previous year's release, the eight-song EP \"Star Booty\". In 2004 \"Umber\" was listed in Mojo's \"Lost Albums You Must Own\". \"Umber\" was first released in 1989"
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"Mike Salmon (racing driver) Michael Thomas Salmon (12 October 1933 – 13 January 2016) was a British racing driver from England who competed in the 24 Hours of Le Mans between 1962 and 1984. He was also active in the British Saloon Car Championship and the World and European Endurance championships. Salmon was from the Channel Islands and was evacuated to Britain in 1940 as the islands came under threat from enemy forces in World War II. He served an apprenticeship with Jaguar Cars and subsequently joined their service department, working at various dealerships around the UK to gain experience. Salmon began his career in sports car racing with a Jaguar XK120 in 1955 and 1956, before moving to a C-type in 1957 and 1958. In the four-year period, Salmon only finished out of the top six in three, out of 16, national-level races. In 1959, 1960 and 1961, he raced an ex-Ecurie Ecosse D-type Jaguar winning the \"Autosport\" three-hour race at Snetterton and the Martini trophy at Silverstone, both in 1961. In 1962, Salmon competed with his own Aston Martin DB4GT, mainly in domestic competitions. He achieved several placed finishes and also entered the Le Mans 24 hour race for the first time. Co-driven by Ian Baillie, the car retired after 124 laps, with engine failure. In 1963, Salmon began the year with the Aston Martin DB4GT, but competed in the Nürburgring 1000 km race in a Ferrari 250GT alongside entrant Chris Kerrison, finishing eighth. The year also yielded his best result at Le Mans, finishing fifth overall in a Ferrari 330 LMB entered by UK Ferrari importer Maranello Concessionaires and co-driven by Jack Sears. He also won the Brands Hatch six-hour race in July, a round of the European Touring Car Championship, co-driven by Peter Sutcliffe in a Jaguar Mk II. However, the car was subsequently disqualified as the engine did not meet the regulations. He also competed on behalf of John Coombs, in a Jaguar E-type and Ferrari 250 GTO, finishing eighth in the Silverstone 1963 British Grand Prix support race and fifth in the Guards Trophy at Brands Hatch respectively. In 1964, Salmon began a long association with Dawnay Racing, run by John Dawnay, later the 11th Viscount Downe. Their first entry was in the Daytona 2000 km race with an Aston Martin DP214. Co-driven by Roy Salvadori, the car failed to finish, retiring after 34 laps with an engine problem. Salmon competed in domestic sportscar and GT racing throughout the season with Dawnay Racing but entered Le Mans under his own name in a DP214, co-driven by Sutcliffe. The car completed 235 laps, but was disqualified due to an infringement of the rules in respect of taking on oil, having been running third in class at one point. Domestically, Salmon's best result was second place at the Silverstone International (GT). In 1965, Salmon competed at Le Mans in a Ferrari 250LM, entered by Maranello Concessionaires. Co-driven by Lucien Bianchi, the car retired after 99 laps. A Ferrari 250LM was also entered by Maranello Concessionaires in the Monza 1,000 km race. Co-driven by Innes Ireland, the car finished sixth. In domestic competition, Salmon competed regularly for Dawnay Racing in a Ferrari 250 GTO, with a best result of fourth in the Sussex Trophy at Goodwood. He also won a round of the British Touring Car Championship at Snetterton in a Ford Mustang. In 1966, Salmon began the year with a fourth place at the Brands Hatch 500 mile race alongside David Hobbs in a Ferrari 250 LM entered by David Piper. This was followed by a non-finish at the Spa 1000 km race in a Ferrari 365 P2, entered and co-driven by Piper and also in the Nürburgring 1,000 km in a Ford GT40 entered by Ronnie Hoare and co-driven by Ireland. At Le Mans, he was partnered by Hobbs in a Ferrari Dino 206S entered by Maranello Concessionaires. However, the car retired after 14 laps. Domestically his best result was second with a GT40 at the Eagle Trophy at Brands Hatch in August. In 1967, Salmon competed at Le Mans in a GT40 entered by J. W. Automotive alongside Brian Redman but the car retired after 220 laps. The car suffered fire damage after re-fuelling when the cap was not correctly replaced. Salmon had burns to his arms and face and did not compete again that season, the burns also leaving permanent scarring. Domestically he competed in a GT40 entered by either Dawnay Racing or Viscount Downe, with a best result of second in the Martini Trophy at Silverstone. Salmon returned to Le Mans in 1968 also with a GT40 co-driven by Eric Liddell and entered by Strathaven Ltd. The car failed to finish, completing 131 laps before retiring. Domestically, he raced the Strathaven GT40, mainly in endurance races and partnered by David Piper. However, a best finish of 11th at the Brands Hatch Six Hour race and a series of failures to finish meant that Salmon subsequently announced his retirement. Salmon came out of retirement in the mid-1970s, to take part in historic racing, sometimes with the Aston Martin DP214 he had used at Le Mans in 1964. In 1977, he returned to Le Mans with a Robin Hamilton-entered Aston Martin DBS RHAM/1 V8 finishing 17th overall and third in class, co-driven by Hamilton and David Preece. In 1979, the same combination retired after 17 laps. In 1981, Salmon drove Simon Phillips' Ferrari 512BB, competing in the Silverstone six-hour race and the six-hour relay but failed to finish on each occasion. At Le Mans, co-driven by Phillips and American driver Steve Earle, the car also failed to finish, retiring after 140 laps. In 1982, Salmon resumed his association with Viscount Downe to drive his Nimrod NRA/C2, finishing sixth at the Silverstone six-hour race, ninth at the Brands Hatch 1000 km race and 11th at the Spa 1000 km race, each time with British co-driver, Ray Mallock. At Le Mans, joined by Simon Phillips, the Nimrod finished seventh overall and fourth in class despite late race brake problems and a misfire. In 1983, Salmon again paired with Mallock and was joined by Earle for Le Mans. The car finished seventh at the Silverstone 1000 km and fourth at the Brands Hatch Thundersports race. However it failed to finish at both the Spa and Brands 1000 km events. At Le Mans it qualified 16th, and fastest of the naturally-aspirated cars. Although hampered by electrical problems, it completed 218 laps before retiring from 13th position when a connecting-rod broke. 1984 was Salmon's final entry at Le mans, teamed with Richard Attwood and John Sheldon the Nimrod again did not finish, completing 92 laps. The car crashed at the end of the Mulsanne Straight with Sheldon at the wheel. A marshall died in the incident but the driver was able to extricate himself with burns to his hands and side. Salmon continued to compete in historic racing and in 2008, at 74 years of age, participated in the Silverstone Britcar 24-Hour race, in a BMW 330d but failed to finish. He was only forced to cease competing when a minor medical issue denied him a racing licence. He refused, on principle, to compete at Le Mans, after the chicanes were installed on the Mulsanne Straight. Salmon worked in the motor trade throughout his career and became sales director at Maranello Concessionaires. He subsequently moved back to Jersey, where he opened a dealership specialising in Ferraris and Alfa Romeos. He was married to Jean (formerly Bloxam), who survived him and who also competed at club-racing level before their marriage. Salmon died on 13 January 2016, having been in poor health for some time. Mike Salmon (racing driver) Michael Thomas Salmon (12 October 1933 – 13 January 2016) was a"
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"International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (IT PGRFA), popularly known as the International Seed Treaty, is a comprehensive international agreement in harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity, which aims at guaranteeing food security through the conservation, exchange and sustainable use of the world's plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA), as well as the fair and equitable benefit sharing arising from its use. It also recognises farmers' rights, subject to national laws to: a) the protection of traditional knowledge relevant to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture; b) the right to equitably participate in sharing benefits arising from the utilisation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture; and c) the right to participate in making decisions, at the national level, on matters related to the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. The Treaty establishes the Multilateral System of Access and Benefit-sharing to facilitate plant germplasm exchanges and benefit sharing through Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA). However, as Regine Andersen of the farmers' rights project, among others, including Olivier De Schutter, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, argue, the interpretation and realisation of farmers' rights is weak and is not the same across all countries. Without a consistent, strong international focus on the realising the rights of farmers who conserve and sustainably use PGRFA to save, use, exchange and sell seeds saved on-farm, genetic variety of crops and related agricultural biodiversity will suffer. India, for example, includes an interpretation of farmers' rights in its Plant Variety Protection and Farmers' Rights Act, allowing farmers a restricted right to save and sell seed they have produced on-farm as they always have, even if it contains genes from a protected variety., The treaty has implemented a Multilateral System (MLS) of access and benefit sharing, among those countries that ratify the treaty, for a list of 64 of some of the most important food and forage crops essential for food security and interdependence. The genera and species are listed in Annex 1 to the treaty. The treaty was negotiated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (CGRFA) and since 2006 has its own Governing Body under the aegis of the FAO. The Governing Body is the highest organ of the Treaty as established in Article 19. Composed of representatives of all Contracting Parties, its basic function is to promote the full implementation of the Treaty, including the provision of policy guidance on the implementation of the Treaty. The Governing Body elects its Chairperson and Vice-Chairpersons, in conformity with its Rules of Procedure. They are collectively referred to as \"the Bureau\". Some believe the treaty could be an example of responsible global governance for ensuring that plant genetic resources essential for present and future food security can be kept accessible to all farmers and in the public domain. Chapter 7 of the Second Report on the State of the World's Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (SoWPGR-2) entitled \"Access to Plant Genetic Resources, the sharing of benefits arising out of their utilization and the realization of Farmers' Rights\" is mainly dedicated to the International Treaty. The treaty was under negotiation for 7 years. A previous voluntary agreement, the International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (IU), was adopted in 1983. However, the IU was reliant on the principle of genetic resources being the common heritage of humanity. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (1993) brought genetic resources under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of national governments. However, the CBD recognised the special and distinctive nature of agricultural genetic resources: they were international - crossing countries and continents - their conservation and sustainable use requires distinctive solutions and they were important internationally for food security. Subsequently, the IU was renegotiated, to bring it in harmony with the CBD, and was renamed as a treaty. An account of the long process to achieve the treaty called \"Negotiating the Seed Treaty\" can be found at . The treaty was approved during the FAO Conference (31st Session resolution 3/2001) on 3 November 2001, with 116 votes and 2 abstentions (USA and Japan). In accordance with its Article 25, it was opened for signatures until 4 November 2002 by all members of FAO or any state member of the United Nations or of the International Atomic Energy Agency. It was subject to ratification, acceptance or approval (Article 26), by all members. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture was open to accession a year after adoption and once closed to signatures (Article 27), i.e., on 4 November 2002. 77 countries and the European Union had signed the treaty by that date. In accordance with Article 28, the treaty entered into force on the ninetieth day after the deposit of the fortieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, provided that at least twenty instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession have been deposited by Members of FAO. Having reached the required number of instruments in order for the treaty to enter into force (40) on 31 March 2004, on which date 13 instruments (including the European Union) were deposited with the Director-General of FAO, the date of entry into force was on 29 June 2004. Plant genetic resources are essential to a sustainable agriculture and food security. FAO estimates humans have used some 10 000 species for food throughout history. However, only about 120 cultivated species provide around 90% of food requirements and 4 species (Maize, Wheat, Rice and Potatoes) provide about 60% of human dietary energy for the world's population. Of the myriad of varieties of these crops developed by farmers over millennia, which form an important part of agricultural biodiversity, more than 75% have been lost in the past 100 years. Some fear that corporate financial interests might prevent safeguarding of livelihoods, promotion of food security, biodiversity-rich farming under control of local communities, and implementation of Farmers' Rights. Critics say many of the central issues are unresolved or open to interpretation. Some of the points raised are: The treaty came into force on 29 June 2004 at which time there were more than 54 ratifications by countries. An article prepared on the occasion of the treaty becoming law is posted at . From the entry into force, countries that previously signed are allowed to ratify the treaty, while countries that did not sign the treaty before it came into force can also accede to it. The instrument of ratification has to be deposited with the Director-General of FAO. There are 144 contracting parties to the Treaty (143 states and the European Union) as of September 2018. Even foods that have been part of a culture for centuries often are indigenous to a region on the other side of the world. This global dispersal shows the generosity with which farmers and farming communities have always shared seeds and genetic materials with neighbors or through trade. As people ventured forth, looking for new lands, their seeds were part of their diasporas. As a result, we now live in a world in which not one country can be considered self-sufficient in terms of being able to survive solely on crops indigenous within its borders. The Treaty facilitates the continued open exchange of food crops and their genetic materials. The list of plant genetic material included in the Multilateral System of the Treaty is made of major",
"and the European Union) as of September 2018. Even foods that have been part of a culture for centuries often are indigenous to a region on the other side of the world. This global dispersal shows the generosity with which farmers and farming communities have always shared seeds and genetic materials with neighbors or through trade. As people ventured forth, looking for new lands, their seeds were part of their diasporas. As a result, we now live in a world in which not one country can be considered self-sufficient in terms of being able to survive solely on crops indigenous within its borders. The Treaty facilitates the continued open exchange of food crops and their genetic materials. The list of plant genetic material included in the Multilateral System of the Treaty is made of major food crops and forages. The Forages are also divided in legume forages and grass forages. They were selected taking into account the criteria of food security and country interdependence. International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture"
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"1988 PGA Tour The 1988 PGA Tour season was played from January 14 to November 13. The season consisted of 47 official money events. Curtis Strange won the most tournaments, four, and there were 11 first-time winners. The tournament results, leaders, and award winners are listed below. The following table shows all the official money events for the 1988 season. \"Date\" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold. Source: Scoring Average leaders Source: Money List leaders Source: Career Money List leaders Source: 1988 PGA Tour The 1988 PGA Tour season was played from January 14 to November 13. The season consisted of 47 official money events. Curtis Strange won the most tournaments, four, and there were 11 first-time winners. The tournament results, leaders, and award winners are listed below. The following table shows all the official money events for the 1988 season. \"Date\" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and"
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"Collective security Collective security can be understood as a security arrangement, political, regional, or global, in which each state in the system accepts that the security of one is the concern of all, and therefore commits to a collective response to threats to, and breaches to peace. Collective security is more ambitious than systems of alliance security or collective defense in that it seeks to encompass the totality of states within a region or indeed globally, and to address a wide range of possible threats. While collective security is an idea with a long history, its implementation in practice has proved problematic. Several prerequisites have to be met for it to have a chance of working. It is the theory or practice of states pledging to defend one another in order to deter aggression or to exterminate transgressor if international order has been breached. Collective security is one of the most promising approaches for peace and a valuable device for power management on an international scale. Cardinal Richelieu proposed a scheme for collective security in 1629, which was partially reflected in the 1648 Peace of Westphalia. In the eighteenth century many proposals were made for collective security arrangements, especially in Europe. The concept of a peaceful community of nations was outlined in 1795 in Immanuel Kant's \"\". Kant outlined the idea of a league of nations that would control conflict and promote peace between states. However, he argues for the establishment of a peaceful world community not in a sense that there be a global government but in the hope that each state would declare itself as a free state that respects its citizens and welcomes foreign visitors as fellow rational beings. His key argument is that a union of free states would promote peaceful society worldwide: therefore, in his view, there can be a perpetual peace shaped by the international community rather than by a world government. International co-operation to promote collective security originated in the Concert of Europe that developed after the Napoleonic Wars in the nineteenth century in an attempt to maintain the \"status quo\" between European states and so avoid war. This period also saw the development of international law with the first Geneva Conventions establishing laws about humanitarian relief during war and the international Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 governing rules of war and the peaceful settlement of international disputes. The forerunner of the League of Nations, the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), was formed by peace activists William Randal Cremer and Frédéric Passy in 1889. The organization was international in scope with a third of the members of parliament, in the 24 countries with parliaments, serving as members of the IPU by 1914. Its aims were to encourage governments to solve international disputes by peaceful means and arbitration and annual conferences were held to help governments refine the process of international arbitration. The IPU's structure consisted of a Council headed by a President which would later be reflected in the structure of the League. At the start of the twentieth century two power blocs emerged through alliances between the European Great Powers. It was these alliances that came into effect at the start of the First World War in 1914, drawing all the major European powers into the war. This was the first major war in Europe between industrialized countries and the first time in Western Europe the results of industrialization (for example mass production) had been dedicated to war. The result of this industrial warfare was an unprecedented casualty level with eight and a half million members of armed services dead, an estimated 21 million wounded, and approximately 10 million civilian deaths. By the time the fighting ended in November 1918, the war had had a profound impact, affecting the social, political and economic systems of Europe and inflicting psychological and physical damage on the continent. Anti-war sentiment rose across the world; the First World War was described as \"the war to end all wars\", and its possible causes were vigorously investigated. The causes identified included arms races, alliances, secret diplomacy, and the freedom of sovereign states to enter into war for their own benefit. The perceived remedies to these were seen as the creation of an international organization whose aim was to prevent future war through disarmament, open diplomacy, international co-operation, restrictions on the right to wage wars, and penalties that made war unattractive to nations. Collective security can be understood as a security arrangement in which all states cooperate collectively to provide security for all by the actions of all against any states within the groups which might challenge the existing order by using force. This contrasts with self-help strategies of engaging in war for purely immediate national interest. While collective security is possible, several prerequisites have to be met for it to work. Collective Security also contrasts with alliances in term of different forms. In Ph.D dissertation of Andreatta, collective security is based on the perspective of all together in a group against any one rather than on unilateral idea of some against specific others. Alliance has the form of two groups against each other as like states A+B+C against states Y+Z; however, collective security system takes form of conducting one agreement between A+B+C+Y+Z against any one of them. Moreover, it is also different from alliance since collective security is built to focus on internal regulation required universal membership while alliance is built to deter or reduce an outside threat as an exclusive institution. For alliance, states would see their allies as absolute gain and their enemies as relative gains without legal obligation. In contrast, collective security follows the case of neutrality as the whole group would be required to punish the aggressor with the hope for it not to violate general norms, in which are beyond the states' control rather than by their self-interests. Opposite with short term interest of allies fighting for a common threat, collective security tends to use universal interests for global peace. Sovereign nations eager to maintain the status quo, willingly cooperate, accepting a degree of vulnerability and in some cases of minor nations, also accede to the interests of the chief contributing nations organising the collective security. Collective Security is achieved by setting up an international cooperative organisation, under the auspices of international law and this gives rise to a form of international collective governance, albeit limited in scope and effectiveness. The collective security organisation then becomes an arena for diplomacy, balance of power and exercise of soft power. The use of hard power by states, unless legitimised by the Collective Security organisation, is considered illegitimate, reprehensible and needing remediation of some kind. The collective security organisation not only gives cheaper security, but also may be the only practicable means of security for smaller nations against more powerful threatening neighbours without the need of joining the camp of the nations balancing their neighbours. The concept of \"collective security\" forwarded by men such as Michael Joseph Savage, Martin Wight, Immanuel Kant, and Woodrow Wilson, are deemed to apply interests in security in a broad manner, to \"avoid grouping powers into opposing camps, and refusing to draw dividing lines that would leave anyone out.\" The term \"collective security\" has also been cited as a principle of the United Nations, and the League of Nations before that. By employing a system of collective security, the UN hopes to dissuade any member state from acting in a manner likely to threaten peace, thereby avoiding any conflict. Collective security selectively incorporates the",
"for smaller nations against more powerful threatening neighbours without the need of joining the camp of the nations balancing their neighbours. The concept of \"collective security\" forwarded by men such as Michael Joseph Savage, Martin Wight, Immanuel Kant, and Woodrow Wilson, are deemed to apply interests in security in a broad manner, to \"avoid grouping powers into opposing camps, and refusing to draw dividing lines that would leave anyone out.\" The term \"collective security\" has also been cited as a principle of the United Nations, and the League of Nations before that. By employing a system of collective security, the UN hopes to dissuade any member state from acting in a manner likely to threaten peace, thereby avoiding any conflict. Collective security selectively incorporates the concept of both balance of power and global government. However, the term \"Collective Security\" is not the same as Balance of power, mentioned in Realism theory. According to Adreatta, balance of power focuses on state's unilateral interests stoping aggression. Since states look at the world as having security dilemma due to the fear of relative gain, state does not want any state to become predominant causing a mutually restraining equilibrium. In other word, Balance of power between states opts for decentralization of power. States are separate actors who do not subordinate their autonomy or sovereignty to a central. \"Singly or in combinations reflecting the coincidence of interests, States seek to influence the pattern of power distribution and to determine their own places within that pattern.\" The expectation of order and peace comes from the belief that competing powers will somehow balance and thereby cancel each other out to produce “deterrence through equilibration.” In contrast, under collective security, states share the long term goal of global peace, reversing relationship between individual and community goals mentioned in Balance of Power theories. Balance of power fails to maintain stability led to break down of war as in the case of Napoleonic Wars and World Wars when states unilaterally decided to be unwilling or unable to fight. At the same time, the concept of global government is about centralization. Global government is a centralized institutional system that possesses the power use of force like a well established sovereign nation state. This concept strips states of their \"standing as centers of power and policy, where issues of war and peace are concerned,\" and superimposing on them \"an institution possessed of the authority and capability to maintain, by unchallengeable force so far as may be necessary, the order and stability of a global community.\" Despite some different characteristics of balance of power theory, collective Collective security selectively incorporates both of the concepts, centralization and decentralization, which can broil down to a phrase: \"order without government.\" Thus, collective security seems to be more reliable alternative since it gathers power as a team to punish the aggressor, and it is an attempt to improve international relations and to provide solid rules under anarchy. Organski (1960) lists five basic assumptions underlying the theory of collective security: Morgenthau (1948) states that three prerequisites must be met for collective security to successfully prevent war: After World War I, the first large scale attempt to provide collective security in modern times was the establishment of the League of Nations in 1919–20. The provisions of the League of Nations Covenant represented a weak system for decision-making and for collective action. According to Palmer and Perking, they pointed failure of United States in joining League of Nations and the rise of USSR outside the League as one of major reasons why it was failed under enforcement of collective security. Moreover, an example of the failure of the League of Nations' collective security is the Manchurian Crisis, when Japan occupied part of China (which was a League member). After the invasion, members of the League passed a resolution calling for Japan to withdraw or face severe penalties. Given that every nation on the League of Nations council had veto power, Japan promptly vetoed the resolution, severely limiting the LN's ability to respond. After one year of deliberation, the League passed a resolution condemning the invasion without committing the League's members to any action against it. The Japanese replied by quitting the League. A similar process occurred in 1935, when Italy invaded Abyssinia (now Ethiopia). Sanctions were passed, but Italy would have vetoed any stronger resolution. Additionally, Britain and France sought to court Italy's government as a potential deterrent to Hitler, given that Mussolini was not yet in what would become the Axis alliance of World War II. Thus, neither enforced any serious sanctions against the Italian government. Additionally, in this case and with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, the absence of the United States from the League of Nations deprived it of another major power that could have used economic leverage against either of the aggressor states. Inaction by the League subjected it to criticisms that it was weak and concerned more with European issues (most leading members were European), and it did not deter Hitler from his plans to dominate Europe. Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie I continued to support collective security, as he assessed that impotence lay not in the principle but in its covenantors' commitment to honor its tenets. One active and articulate exponent of collective security during the immediate pre-war years was the Soviet foreign minister, Maxim Litvinov. However, there are grounds for doubt about the depth of Soviet commitment to the principle as well as that of Western powers. After the Munich Agreement in September 1938 and the passivity of outside powers in the face of German occupation of the remainder of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, it was shown that the Western powers were not prepared to engage in collective security against aggression by the Axis powers together with the Soviet Union, Soviet foreign policy was revised and Litvinov was replaced as foreign minister in early May 1939 to facilitate the negotiations that led to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with Germany, signed by Litvinov's successor, Vyacheslav Molotov, on August 23 of that year. The war in Europe broke out a week later, with the invasion of Poland, starting on September 1, 1939. Thus, this could be seen that collective security does not always work due to the lack of commitment and unwillingness of states or International Community to act in concert (Mingst 1999). The 1945 United Nations Charter, although containing stronger provisions for decision-making and collective military action than those of the League of Nations Covenant, does not represent a complete system of collective security, but rather a balance between collective action on the one hand and continued operation of the states system (including the continued special roles of great powers) on the other. States in UN collective security system are selective to support or oppose UN action in certain conflicts based on their self-interests. United Nations can be somehow seen as the platform for self-interest purposes for members in Security Council due to their Veto power and excessive assistance or aid. This has made those states to act unilaterally ignoring the approval, or flout orders of Security Council not to act unilaterally. The Iraq crisis is a clearer example as “Rather than seek the global interest of peace and security through stability in Iraq and the Middle East region, the domination oriented members amassed their vast economic, diplomatic and military resources, captured and brazenly subjugated Iraq to an unprecedented condominial regime serving their economic interest under Iraq Reconstruction Programme.” (Eke, 2007) In",
"to support or oppose UN action in certain conflicts based on their self-interests. United Nations can be somehow seen as the platform for self-interest purposes for members in Security Council due to their Veto power and excessive assistance or aid. This has made those states to act unilaterally ignoring the approval, or flout orders of Security Council not to act unilaterally. The Iraq crisis is a clearer example as “Rather than seek the global interest of peace and security through stability in Iraq and the Middle East region, the domination oriented members amassed their vast economic, diplomatic and military resources, captured and brazenly subjugated Iraq to an unprecedented condominial regime serving their economic interest under Iraq Reconstruction Programme.” (Eke, 2007) In addition, lack of geographical spread of members in Security Council causes unbalancing on the role of maintenance global peace and security. The voices of small countries can be only heard, but not all policies were adopted in response to them unless they serves the great powers' interests. However, this does not mean collective security in the UN is completely fail. The role of the UN and collective security in general is evolving, given the rise of internal state conflicts. Since the end of World War II, there have been 111 military conflicts worldwide, but only 9 of these have involved two or more states going to war with one another. The remainder have either been internal civil wars or civil wars where other nations intervened in some manner. This means that collective security may have to evolve towards providing a means to ensure stability and a fair international resolution to those internal conflicts. Whether this will involve more powerful peacekeeping forces, or a larger role for the UN diplomatically, will likely be judged on a case-by-case basis. Collective defense is an arrangement, usually formalized by a treaty and an organization, among participant states that commit support in defense of a member state if it is attacked by another state outside the organization. NATO is the best known collective defense organization; its famous Article 5 calls on (but does not fully commit) member states to assist another member under attack. This article was invoked after the September 11 attacks on the United States, after which other NATO members provided assistance to the US War on Terror in Afghanistan. Collective defense has its roots in multiparty alliances and entails benefits as well as risks. On the one hand, by combining and pooling resources, it can reduce any single state's cost of providing fully for its security. Smaller members of NATO, for example, have leeway to invest a greater proportion of their budget on non-military priorities, such as education or health, since they can count on other members to come to their defense, if needed. On the other hand, collective defense also involves risky commitments. Member states can become embroiled in costly wars benefiting neither the direct victim nor the aggressor. In World War I, countries in the collective defense arrangement known as the Triple Entente (France, Britain, Russia) were pulled into war quickly when Russia started full mobilization against Austria-Hungary, whose ally Germany subsequently declared war on Russia. Collective security Collective security can be understood as a security arrangement, political, regional, or global, in which each state in the"
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"Jacob Call Jacob Call (died April 20, 1826) was a U.S. Representative from Indiana. Born in Kentucky, Call was graduated from an academy in Kentucky where he studied law. He was admitted to the bar and practiced in Vincennes and Princeton, Indiana. He served as judge of the Knox County Circuit Court, 1817, 1818, and 1822–1824. In 1820, Call represented the defendant in the case of Polly v. Lasselle, losing the case which led to all slaves in the state of Indiana being freed. Call was elected as a Jackson Republican to the Eighteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative William Prince. He served from December 23, 1824 – March 3, 1825. He died in Frankfort, Kentucky on April 20, 1826. Jacob Call Jacob Call (died April 20, 1826) was a U.S. Representative from Indiana. Born in Kentucky, Call was graduated from an academy in Kentucky where he studied law. He was admitted to the bar and practiced in Vincennes and Princeton, Indiana. He served as judge of the Knox County Circuit Court, 1817, 1818, and 1822–1824. In 1820, Call represented the defendant in the case of Polly v. Lasselle, losing the case"
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"Rothley Temple Rothley Temple, or more correctly Rothley Preceptory, (pronounced \"Rowth-Ley\") was a preceptory (a religious establishment operated by certain orders of monastic knights) in the village of Rothley, Leicestershire, England, associated with both the Knights Templar and the Knights Hospitaller. The preceptory's chapel, constructed by the Knights Templar, is currently part of the Rothley Court Hotel. Rothley Preceptory was established around the year 1231; however, records show \"The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon\" (more commonly known as the Knights Templar) owned land at Rothley as early as the reign of King John (1199–1216). On the establishment of the preceptory King Henry III granted the Knights Templar the manor and church at Rothley. The preceptory would come to own land in 13 neighbouring villages, including granges used for farming at Baggrave (near Hungarton) and Gaddesby. The knights of the preceptory also owned the Manor at Gaddesby. Around 1250, the preceptory was recorded as having a yearly revenue of £62. 10s. 5d., which was used to help fellow Knights Templar in Acre, in modern-day Israel. In 1284, King Edward I granted the preceptory's knights a charter, permitting them to hold a weekly market, on a Monday, at Rothley, and an annual fair in honour of Saint Barnabas each June. This lasted until 1306, when King Edward issued the knights with another charter permitting them to hold a market and festival at their manor at Gaddesby, instead of at Rothley. This charter afforded a weekly market on a Wednesday and an annual festival in July in honour of Mary Magdalen. After losing the Holy Land in 1291, the Knights Templar lost purpose, power and influence, and were forced to move their headquarters to France. Shortly after, King Philip IV of France, heavily indebted to the order, started a campaign against the Knights Templar, using his puppet Pope Clement V. King Philip had Pope Clement arrest the Templars for various offences, including: apostasy, idolatry, heresy, obscene rituals, homosexuality, financial corruption, fraud, and secrecy. Under torture, many confessed. With these confessions, and after more bullying from the French King, on 22 November 1307 Pope Clement issued a Papal bull, known as the \"Pastoralis Praeeminentiae\", which instructed the monarchs of Europe to arrest all of the Knights Templar, and to seize their properties on behalf of the church. King Philip had thereby freed himself of his debts. Initially, King Edward II of England refused to believe the allegations against the Templars. However, in 1308, Rothley Preceptory, together with the Templars' other possessions in England, were seized by the Crown. An inventory of the dissolved preceptory from 1309 reveals that the preceptory consisted of both a hall and a chapel (thought to have been built around 1240), and had over 350 sheep. In 1313 the preceptory and its lands were transferred to the Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, more commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller. Rothley does not appear to have been administered by the Knights Hospitallers as an independent preceptory, and was merged with the joint Dalby and Heather Preceptory by 1371, another Hospitaller establishment within Leicestershire. One Preceptor then controlled all three of these preceptories from Dalby. From around 1500 the land at all three preceptories – Dalby, Heather and Rothley – appears to have been rented out. In 1535, the three combined preceptories are recorded as providing the order with a sizable annual income of £231. 7s. 10d. In the 15th century the Hospitallers made alterations to the earlier chapel at the preceptory. The preceptory was suppressed and dissolved in 1540. The Lordship of the Manor of Rothley, previously held by the preceptory, was from 1565 until 1845 in the hands of the Babington family. The Babingtons chose not to demolish the preceptory's chapel, and it was incorporated, along with some fragments of the preceptory's domestic buildings, into the house they built on the site. Rothley Temple eventually passed to Thomas Babington (1758–1837) who was a prominent figure in the Clapham Sect and the fight to abolish the slave trade. A close friend of William Wilberforce, Babington and Wilberforce met frequently at Rothley Temple whilst drafting their anti-slavery bill. Babington later served as MP for Leicester and High Sheriff of Leicestershire and was buried in the chapel at Rothley Temple. A large stone monument and plaque stand outside the building today, commemorating the building's, and Babington's, part in the abolition of slavery. In 1800, Rothley Temple was the birthplace of Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800–1859 later Lord Macaulay the historian) named after his uncle. The preceptory's chapel and part of the domestic buildings still exist, and are now part of the Rothley Court Hotel. Rothley Court, originally a stately home, incorporates part of the preceptory that was converted for residential use in the 16th century. Much of what can be seen today is from substantial renovation and extension works conducted by John Ely of Manchester, between 1894 and 1895. The chapel was heavily restored in 1896. In 1951, Rothley Court and the chapel were protected as Grade I Listed Buildings. A number of stone artefacts and partial grave slabs have been discovered over the years around the chapel, where they can be seen today. This includes a recently restored effigy of a Templar knight, originally discovered in Rothley Churchyard in 1790; following a £2,000 restoration completed in 2011, the effigy has been placed within the original Chapel at Rothley Temple. Rothley Temple is also the name of a branch (\"lodge\") of the Freemasons. The lodge, founded in 1961/62, took its name from the preceptory because of its association with the Knights Templar. The Preceptor was head of the preceptory. Similar to an Abbot with an Abbey and a Prior with a Priory, the Preceptor was in charge of the preceptory's church and land, and managed the brethren of the order who lived at the preceptory. The Preceptor was answerable to the Grand Master of his order. Preceptors under the Knights Templar: The Preceptors under the Knights Hospitallers: \"From around 1371, Rothley was controlled by the preceptor of Dalby Preceptory\" Rothley Temple Rothley Temple, or more correctly Rothley Preceptory, (pronounced \"Rowth-Ley\") was a preceptory (a religious establishment operated by certain orders of monastic knights) in the village of Rothley, Leicestershire, England, associated with both the Knights Templar and the Knights Hospitaller. The preceptory's chapel, constructed by the Knights Templar, is currently part of the Rothley Court Hotel. Rothley Preceptory was established around the year 1231; however, records show \"The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon\" (more commonly known as the Knights Templar) owned"
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"Arch of Augustus (Fano) The Arch of Augustus in Fano (in the Province of Pesaro and Urbino) is a city gate in the form of a triumphal arch with three vaults. It is the entrance to the city by the via Flaminia, which became the inside of the wall of the decumanus maximus. It has always been one of the symbols of the city. In the Roman period it was the principle gate of Colonia Julia Fanestris, a colonia established in the town of Fanum Fortunae (temple of Fortuna) by the Roman architect Vitruvius at the command of the Emperor Augustus, in commemoration of the victory over the Carthaginian general Hasdrubal Barca in the Battle of Metauro during the Second Punic War. It is presumed that at least two other (now lost) gates existed in \"Fanum Fortunae\", one to the south and the other near the sea. Constructed at the point at which the via Flaminia met the decumanus maximus of the city, the monument is dated to AD 9 by means of an inscription located on the frieze, with large characters carved in the rock which were once gilded in bronze. The inscription reports: The arch was later rededicated by the Emperor Constantine I with a new inscription on the attic which is now lost, but the earlier inscription was not erased. In 1463, during the siege of the city in order to expel its lord Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, the artillery of Federico da Montefeltro, destroyed the attic of the monument. The fallen fragments were reused in the construction of the adjacent church and loggia of Saint Michael. The original appearance of the gate is recorded in the Renaissance bass relief carved on one side of the facade of the church. Faced with opus quadratum from blocks of Istrian stone, the monument consists of two minor lateral arches and a larger central arch: the keystone of the latter is decorated with an image of an animal which is no longer recognisable but which most probably depicted an elephant. The main body, still well preserved, supported a large attic which is now lost, with a Corinthian pseudo-portico, in which there were seven arched windows separated by eight pseudo-columns. The whole monument has many stylistic similarities with the Augustan gates of Spello, Aosta and particularly with Authon in Provence. Arch of Augustus (Fano) The Arch of Augustus in Fano (in the"
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"Sorocaba Metropolitan Cathedral The Sorocaba Metropolitan Cathedral or Metropolitan Cathedral of \"Nossa Senhora da Ponte\", home of Archdiocese of Sorocaba, located in the Plaza Coronel Fernando Prestes in downtown area of the city of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil. It was built over 200 years. The cathedral is derived from the mother church of the second city, founded in 1771 when he arrived in Portugal the image Nossa Senhora da Ponte, which currently is at the main altar in style Baroque, 1771 . The first church was the Church of Sant'anna, current Monastery of São Bento (Sorocaba). This curious invocation of \"Nossa Senhora\" (Our Lady), common in Portugal, is unique in Brazil. The first mass in the matrix \"Nossa Senhora da Ponte\" colonial was spoken in 1783. The current church building is the result of a reshuffle carried out from the end of 19th century. In 1924 the cathedral was consecrated as a matrix for Duarte Leopoldo e Silva, Archbishop of São Paulo. The first bishop was Dom Jose Carlos Aguirre, the Bishop Aguirre. It has remarkable architecture and beautiful artistic details. The interior paintings by Ernesto Tomazzini (1930) and Bruno Giusti (1949). The giant bell was installed in its tower, was cast in Sorocaba (1940), by brothers Samassa, who used 50 kg of gold in order to sound quality. At the top of the Cathedral is the Archdiocesan Museum of Sacred Art of Sorocaba that will soon operate in the big house on the Square of São Bento, also in downtoun of Sorocaba. Sorocaba Metropolitan Cathedral The Sorocaba Metropolitan Cathedral or Metropolitan Cathedral of \"Nossa Senhora da Ponte\", home of Archdiocese of Sorocaba, located in the Plaza Coronel Fernando Prestes in downtown area of the city of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil. It was built over 200 years. The cathedral is"
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"Bernard Giluk Dompok Tan Sri Datuk Seri Panglima Bernard Giluk Dompok (born 7 October 1949) is a former Malaysian politician. He was the Chief Minister of Sabah from 1998 to 1999 and a federal minister from 2004 to 2013. He was the president of the United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) from 1994 to 2014 and was a member of the Parliament of Malaysia from 1986 to 1995 and from 1999 to 2013. In October 2015, Dompok was appointed as Malaysia’s first resident ambassador to the Vatican. He was born in Penampang, Sabah, and received his education in SM St. Michael, Penampang and SM La Salle, Tanjung Aru. Later he obtained a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of East London. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) and Fellow of the Royal Institution of Surveyors Malaysia (RISM) He started his career as a valuer at the Sabah Lands & Surveys Department in 1978. Then he left the public sector and worked as a private valuer for about five years from 1980 until 1985. Initially a member of the United Sabah Party (PBS), Dompok contested, and won, both the Sabah State Legislative Assembly seat of Moyog, and the federal seat of Penampang, in separate 1986 elections. PBS won a majority in the state assembly at the election, and Dompok was appointed the state's finance minister. He became the President of the UPKO, then known as the Sabah Democratic Party (SDP), in 1994. The party was formed when Dompok and others split from the PBS to join the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition and deliver the coalition a majority in the Sabah State Legislative Assembly. After switching to the Barisan Nasional, he lost his parliamentary seat at the 1995 election to a PBS candidate. Despite losing his federal seat, Dompok remained a state assemblyman and a senior member of the Barisan Nasional state government that he had helped to form. He served in a range of ministries in the state government, before assuming the post of Chief Minister, on a rotating basis, from 1998 to 1999. In 1999 he won the federal parliamentary seat of Kinabalu, defeating a PBS candidate. In 2004, he joined the Federal Cabinet as Minister in the Prime Minister's Department and in 2008, he became Minister of Plantation Industries and Commodities. His federal parliamentary career ended at the 2013 election, when he lost his parliamentary seat to Darell Leiking of the People's Justice Party (PKR). He is currently married to Puan Sri Diana Alip and the couple have five children in total (four from his current marriage and one from a previous marriage). Bernard Giluk Dompok Tan Sri Datuk Seri Panglima Bernard Giluk Dompok (born 7 October 1949) is a former Malaysian politician. He was the Chief Minister of Sabah from 1998 to 1999 and a federal minister from 2004 to 2013. He was the president of the United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) from 1994 to 2014 and was a"
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"Suzie McNeil Susan Jane \"Suzie\" McNeil is a Canadian pop rock singer and songwriter. After garnering attention as a contestant on in 2005, McNeil began pursuing a musical career and released her debut album, \"Broken & Beautiful\", on April 10, 2007. Its second single, \"Believe\" was re-recorded with the National Arts Centre Orchestra in support of Canada's Own the Podium campaign, and served as the official anthem of the Canadian team for the 2010 Winter Olympics. McNeil performed alongside Theory of a Deadman and Andrée Watters at the halftime show during the 96th Grey Cup. Her second studio album, \"Rock-n-Roller\" (2008), spawned the successful single \"Supergirl\", a cover of the Saving Jane song. In 2011, McNeil signed with Canadian label 604 Records and enjoyed mainstream success with the songs \"Drama Queen\" and \"Merry Go Round\". They preceded the release of her third studio album, \"Dear Love\", which came out on August 7, 2012. In 2014, after a two-year hiatus from her solo career, McNeil teamed up with Elisha Hoffman, Rebecca Lynn Howard, and Marti Frederiksen to form the country rock quartet Loving Mary. They have recorded an EP released in 2015, and have reportedly written enough songs for a full-length album to follow shortly thereafter. Suzie McNeil was born Susan Jane McNeil on October 15, 1976 in Mississauga, Ontario. She has two sisters, Laura Norris and Sarah McNeil, and a brother, Andrew McNeil. McNeil dated bandmate, Canadian musician Sean Cotton, while competing on Rockstar INXS. They were exclusive for several years before she moved to pursue her musical career. McNeil briefly dated screen actor Scott Walters in 2007 after the pair met working on \"We Will Rock You\"; they got engaged that summer, but ended up separating. On October 14, 2013, McNeil became engaged to musician Andrew McTaggart while in Las Vegas celebrating her birthday. The pair moved to Nashville, Tennessee in early 2014 and married on June 7, 2014. McNeil had a son named Findlay born November 17, 2017. In 2005, McNeil was a contestant on Rock Star: INXS, finishing fourth overall in the competition. In January 2006, McNeil moved to Los Angeles, to develop her music career. On January 26, 2006 she announced plans to record her first CD with Executive Producer John Kalodner and Producer Marti Frederiksen. In the summer of 2006, McNeil performed as a backup singer for Pink on her North American tour. McNeil's single \"Hung Up\" gained significant radio airplay, especially in Canada. The music video was released to MuchMoreMusic on the week of February 19, 2007, and was uploaded to YouTube on March 29, 2007. McNeil's song \"Believe\" was originally recorded on her debut studio album, \"Broken & Beautiful\", released on April 10, 2007. It was featured on NBC's promo for the reality weight-loss show \"The Biggest Loser,\" as well as throughout season four of \"Beauty and the Geek.\" The song had debuted exclusively on \"King Ben's Injection of Perfection\" radio programme on 2RRR in Sydney, Australia, on September 9, 2006 to positive reaction. The single was also used as a fundraiser for Own the Podium for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. The Olympic inspired video for \"Believe\" was recorded with the National Arts Centre Orchestra and released on September 17, 2007. The video stars Canadian Olympians Steve Omischl (freestyle skiing - aerials), Joannie Rochette (figure skating), and Clara Hughes (speed skating). McNeil appeared on Matt Nathanson's album Some Mad Hope singing background vocals on the songs \"Sooner Surrender\" and \"Bulletproof Weeks\", and on Clay Aiken's album \"A Thousand Different Ways\" as guest vocalist on \"I Want to Know What Love Is\", a cover of the Foreigner song. McNeil appeared as the character Oz in the Canadian production of \"We Will Rock You\" at the Canon Theater in Toronto until August 4, 2007. In March 2008, prior to her April tour, she held a contest for her fans across Canada to sing her hit single \"Believe\" and post it on her website; viewers then voted for the winner. In May 2008, McNeil released her third music video, \"Lonely (Are You Coming Home?)\". McNeil was one of the judges on the first four seasons of the children's Canadian reality TV show, \"The Next Star\", on YTV, which premiered on July 18, 2008, and also recorded the theme song for the show, \"Let's Go\" which she performed on the show's first-season finale at Canada's Wonderland in Toronto on September 28, 2008. On November 4, 2008, McNeil released her second solo album \"Rock-n-Roller\" which featured her latest Top 20 hit \"Let's Go\". Re-released as a deluxe edition in 2009, \"Rock n Roller: Reloaded\" spawned two singles, \"Supergirl\" and \"Help Me Out\". She performed during 96th Grey Cup halftime show broadcast live on November 23, 2008 along with Theory Of A Deadman and Andrée Watters. On March 28, 2009, McNeil headlined a concert held at Nathan Phillips Square in Toronto to celebrate WWF's Earth Hour. In 2010, McNeil, an ex-smoker, appeared in commercials for Thrive lozenges a smoking cessation aid. She also appeared on \"Canadian Idol\" winner Brian Melo's second album \"The Truth\" in the duet \"Story of Us\" released in 2010. McNeil began the \"Dear Love\" era on November 7, 2010 by releasing the first video \"Drama Queen Intervention 1\" on her YouTube account. She released the \"Drama Queen\" lyric video on iTunes on March 15, 2011 and the official music video release on March 17 on YouTube. Nearly five months later, in July 2011, McNeil released the \"Merry Go Round\" lyric video on her YouTube account. In February 2012 the album's third single \"Tough Love\" was released on radio. The single was released on iTunes On May 8. \"Dear Love\", her third studio album was released August 7, 2012. On November 20, 2012, McNeil released a collection of Christmas songs, both covers and originals, on her album \"This is Christmas\". During the promo tour, McNeil officially confirmed \"Love Can't Save Us Now\" as the official fourth single from the album \"Dear Love\". In 2013, McNeil began working on a duo project with previous songwriting collaborator Marti Frederiksen, which was reportedly intended to follow in the style of American country trio Lady Antebellum. Instead, they teamed up with Grammy-winning country singer Rebecca Lynn Howard and songwriter Elisha Hoffman to form the band Loving Mary, which they envisioned as a sort of modern-day Fleetwood Mac. The group's sound has been described as a combination of Americana, country, and rock n' roll. An EP, \"Loving Mary - Live\", was recorded and released in early 2015, while a full-length album is in the final stages of recording. In addition to her work with the band, McNeil confirmed through her Twitter account that she is also working on a fourth solo album, which is \"already written\". Suzie McNeil Susan Jane \"Suzie\" McNeil is a Canadian pop rock singer and songwriter. After garnering attention as a contestant on in 2005, McNeil began pursuing a musical career and released her debut album, \"Broken & Beautiful\", on April 10, 2007. Its second single, \"Believe\" was re-recorded with the National Arts Centre Orchestra in support of Canada's Own the Podium campaign, and served as the official anthem of the Canadian team for the"
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"Political party strength in Michigan The tables below indicate the political party affiliation of elected officials in the U.S. State of Michigan from statehood through March 2018. Officials listed include: Governors, Lieutenant Governors, Secretaries of State, Attorneys General and State Treasurers. The tables also indicate the historical party composition in the State Senate, State House of Representatives, the names and party affiliations of Michigan's U.S. Senators, and the party composition of Michigan's delegations to the U.S House of Representatives. For years in which a presidential election was held, the tables show which party's nominees received the State's electoral votes. The parties are indicated as follows: (D), (R), and (W), with purple . In 1963, the Michigan Constitution was rewritten, modifying the statewide elected positions. Political party strength in Michigan The tables below indicate the political party affiliation of elected officials in the U.S. State of Michigan from statehood through March 2018. Officials listed include: Governors, Lieutenant Governors, Secretaries of State, Attorneys General and State Treasurers. The tables also indicate the historical party composition in the State Senate, State House of Representatives, the names and party affiliations of Michigan's U.S. Senators, and the party composition of Michigan's delegations to the U.S"
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"August Schoenborn August Gottlieb Schoenborn (October 20, 1827 - January 24, 1902) was a German American architect who helped design the United States Capitol dome. He was born in October 1827 in the town of Suhl, Germany, a major arms manufacturing center. He attended the city's public schools, and after graduation worked as a mechanic for three years. Schoenborn enrolled at the Technical Institute and School of Art in 1843 in Erfurt, where he studied architecture. He emigrated to the United States in 1849 and settled in Wisconsin. Two years later, he moved to Washington, D.C. In June 1851, he found a position as a draftsman under Thomas U. Walter, Architect of the Capitol. With only a small scale model and some very rough drawings to work from, Schoenborn produced highly detailed architectural plans. Walter did not initially believe that Schoenborn had done the work himself, but was quickly satisfied that Schoenborn was a trained architect. President Millard Fillmore was also highly impressed with Schoenborn's work, and often visited him in the architectural offices at the Capitol. Schoenborn made two important contributions to the United States Capitol. When the Capitol library burned on December 24, 1851, it was replaced with an iron library which was designed by Schoenborn. Schoenborn also made the original drawings for the new iron dome of the Capitol. When the American Civil War broke out in April 1861, Schoenborn worked as a surveyor and mapmaker for Union Army General Irvin McDowell in Virginia. He also drew numerous plans for barracks, hospitals, and offices for the Quartermaster General of the United States Army. He returned to work on the Capitol in May 1862. Schoenborn spent the post-war years in Washington designing numerous public buildings, for which he became very well known. He married Helene Schoenbrun, and had four daughters and two sons. His son William committed suicide on January 4, 1897. He died at his home in Washington on January 24, 1902, at the age of 74. A member of Concordia Lutheran Church, he was interred at Prospect Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C. August Schoenborn August Gottlieb Schoenborn (October 20, 1827 - January 24, 1902) was a German American architect who helped design the United States Capitol dome. He was born in October 1827 in the town of Suhl, Germany, a major arms manufacturing center. He attended the city's public schools, and after graduation worked as a"
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"Western Kangaroo Island Marine Park Western Kangaroo Island Marine Park (formerly Western Kangaroo Island Commonwealth Marine Reserve) is a marine protected area located south of South Australia in waters within the Australian Exclusive economic zone to the south-west of Kangaroo Island and ranging in depth from to . It was gazetted in November 2012. It was renamed on 11 October 2017. It is part of a group of Australian marine parks managed by the Department of the Environment and Energy known as the South-west Marine Parks Network. It adjoins the Western Kangaroo Island Marine Park managed by the Government of South Australia which it both bounds on its north-west side and fully encloses the portion of the state marine park surrounding Lipson Reef near its eastern extent. The marine park includes ecosystems representative of the bioregion known as the \"Spencer Gulf Shelf Province\", two \"key ecological features\" consisting of firstly of a feature known as the \"Kangaroo Island Pool\" and the associated \"Eyre Peninsula upwelling\" both notable for their \"high productivity, breeding and feeding aggregations\" and secondly of a feature described as \"Ancient coastline\" within a depth range of and as being of \"high productivity\", a calving area for southern right whale and feeding areas for the following species - Australian sea lion, blue whale, Caspian tern, great white shark, short-tailed shearwater and sperm whale. The marine park consists of two zones - a marine national park zone (IUCN Category II) with an area of and a special purpose zone (IUCN Category VI) with an area of . Western Kangaroo Island Marine Park Western Kangaroo Island Marine Park (formerly Western Kangaroo Island Commonwealth Marine Reserve) is a marine protected area located south of South Australia in waters within the Australian Exclusive economic zone to the south-west of Kangaroo Island and"
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"Julia Lubomirska Princess Julia Lubomirska (1764 – 22 August 1794) was a Polish noblewoman, known for her love life. She was the daughter of Izabela Lubomirska, one of the richest people in the Commonwealth and cousin of the king Stanisław August Poniatowski, and the Grand Marshal of the Crown Stanisław Lubomirski. She was considered one of the most beautiful women of her time, for which she was called \"Guiliatta la bella\". In 1785 in Wilanów, she married Jan Nepomucen Potocki, travel writer best known for his novel \"The Manuscript Found in Saragossa\" and for being the first person in Poland to fly on a hot-air balloon. Soon after the wedding they went together to Italy, France, Britain, and the Netherlands for three years. During this time, she gave birth to Alfred and Artur while staying with her mother. They returned in 1788, when Jan became an envoy at the Four-Year Sejm and Julia supported the Constitution of 3 May. It was during this time that she met Eustachy Erazm Sanguszko, also an envoy at said Sejm, with whom she had an affair well known socially. They were separated by his participation in the Polish–Russian War of 1792 and the Kościuszko Uprising, though they continued to correspond. Following the triumph of Russia over the Constitution and the accession of the king to the Targowica Confederation, Julia and her husband returned to France, where he had links with the Jacobins. While there, she provided Tadeusz Kościuszko with organisational and financial help in January 1793. After this, Jan went to Germany while Julia returned to Poland. She died of tuberculosis, with her husband and two sons by her deathbed. Julia Lubomirska Princess Julia Lubomirska (1764 – 22 August 1794) was a Polish noblewoman, known for her love life. She was the daughter of"
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"Epsilon Fornacis ε Fornacis (Latinised as Epsilon Fornacis) is the Bayer designation for a high proper motion binary star in the southern constellation of Fornax. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.89. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 31.06 mas, the system is located roughly 105 light years from the Sun. At that distance, its visual magnitude is reduced by an interstellar absorption factor of 0.09 due to dust. This is a astrometric binary star system. The best fit to the radial velocity data yields an orbital period of roughly 13,770 days (37.7 years) with an eccentricity of around 0.28. The semimajor axis of their computed orbit is about 13 au, or 13 times the distance of the Earth from the Sun. The primary, component A, is an evolved K-type subgiant star with a stellar classification of , where the suffix notation indicates the absorption lines of iron and the carbon-hydrogen bond are abnormally weak. However, classifications earlier than Gray et al. (2006) consistently showed it as type G5 IV, matching the subgiant categorization. The primary has an estimated 91% of the Sun's mass, but has expanded to 253% times the Sun's radius. It has a quiet (inactive) chromosphere and is most likely an old star with an age over 12 billion years. The star is spinning slowly with a projected rotational velocity of 1.1 km/s. Since leaving the main sequence, it has increased in luminosity to 4.5 times that of the Sun, which is being radiated from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 5,068 K. Based upon its estimated orbit, the secondary, component B, has at least times of the Sun's mass. Epsilon Fornacis ε Fornacis (Latinised as Epsilon Fornacis) is the Bayer designation for a high proper"
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"Gabriel Fabella Gabriel Fabrero Fabella (March 18, 1898 – January 29, 1982) was a prominent Filipino historian during the 20th century. He is primarily known as the historian behind Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal's decision to issue Proclamation No. 28 on May 12, 1962, which changed the date of Philippine independence from July 4, 1946 to June 12, 1898 — the date when Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the country's independence from Spain in Kawit, Cavite. For this achievement, Fabella became known as the \"Father of June 12 Independence Day.\" Fabella was also the founder and first president of the Philippine Historical Association, the pioneer professional association of historians in the Philippines. Fabella was born in the island municipality of Banton, Romblon on March 18, 1898 to Maximo Fabella, a coconut and tobacco merchant, and Rafaela Fabrero, a housewife. He is 10th among the couple's 13 children. At the time, Banton was an isolated municipality halfway between Marinduque and the main island of Romblon. As such, he and his family grew up in abject poverty. He received elementary education at Banton Primary School and Romblon Intermediate School. To augment his monthly stipend of ₱3 to ₱4 from Banton, Fabella worked as a store helper for a local Filipino-Chinese merchant. For his secondary education, Fabella studied at Manila High School in Intramuros, Manila with the support of his brothers Apolonio and Jorge who already lived there and are working as calesa drivers. To help his brothers in sending him to school, he sold newspapers every Friday and Saturday and polished shoes at Puerta del Parian. He also helped his sister-in-law in selling food to calesa drivers in the Port Area. He finished high school in 1916. Among his high school batchmates include Julio Nalundasan and Carlos P. Romulo. Poverty forced Fabella to postpone his plan to pursue his college studies. Instead, he worked as an elementary school teacher at Capiz Intermediate School from June 2016 to March 2017. After saving enough money from his salary, he went back to Manila and enrolled at the University of the Philippines Manila. From 1917 to 1920, he completed three courses in the university: Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science in Education (BSE) and High School Teachers' Certificate (HSTC). He was the first person from Banton to finish both high school and college and the first to have a triple degree. In 1931, Fabella graduated from UP with a degree in Master of Arts in History, thus becoming the first person from Banton to have postgraduate education. In 1934, Fabella completed his Bachelor of Laws degree at the University of Manila and passed the Philippine Bar Examination that same year. After finishing college, Fabella taught at Romblon High School from 1920 to 1922, and at Tayabas High School in Lucena, Quezon (province) from 1922 to 1923. That year, he received an offer from UP Department of History chairperson Dr. Leandro Fernandez to become a history instructor at the university. His first teaching service at UP lasted 11 years, serving alongside other prominent Filipino historians like Gregorio F. Zaide, Encarnacion Alzona and Nicolas Zafra. Among his notable students include would-be dictator Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos. While teaching at UP, he also completed his master's degree in History at the school and his Law degree at the University of Manila. During the same period, he wrote for \"Iwag it Kaanduan\", Romblon's first vernacular newspaper and established his own newspaper \"Bag-ong Iwag\" in 1926. Due to his educational achievements, Fabella was well known in Romblon and was active in various organizations such as Katipunang Bantoanon, Romblomanian Association, Banton Uplift Club and Romblon Youth. Following budget cuts brought about by the Great Depression, Fabella was among several instructors let go by the university in 1934. As early as 1922, Fabella showed desire to enter politics to challenge the incumbent Leonardo Festin, who has been assemblyman for the lone seat of Romblon in the National Assembly since 1916. Following the end of his first teaching service in UP in 1934, Fabella joined the Partido Nacionalista Democratico and ran against Festin during the 1935 Philippine general elections. He won against Festin with a lead of 356 votes despite the lack of funding and campaigning throughout the province for only 24 days. Fabella served as Romblon's assemblyman for three years from November 25, 1935 to August 15, 1938. During that time, he became a member of various committees in the National Assembly, namely Public Instruction, Public Services, Civil Service, Codes, Internal Government, Privileges at Navigation. He also appropriated 80 percent of his pork barrel to building schools in Romblon, while the remaining 20 percent was appropriated to construction and repair of roads in the province. Following the end of term in 1938, Fabella didn't seek reelection and returned to teaching instead at the University of the Philippines. The resolution asserts the following: In support of the resolution, Fabella gave public speeches and radio interviews explaining the significance of celebrating June 12 as the country’s independence day. He also wrote the article “Philippine Independence: June 12 or July 4? which was published in the \"Sunday Times Magazine\" in July 1, 1956 and garnered positive responses and support from the people. The resolution reached Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal, who issued Proclamation No. 28, declaring June 12 as the country's Independence Day. Congress made the proclamation formal with the adoption and passage of Republic Act No. 4166. Fabella died in Manila on January 29, 1982 at the age of 83. Gabriel Fabella Gabriel Fabrero Fabella (March 18, 1898 – January 29, 1982) was a prominent Filipino historian during the 20th century. He is primarily known as the historian behind Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal's decision to issue Proclamation No. 28 on May 12, 1962, which changed the date of Philippine independence from July 4, 1946 to June 12, 1898 — the date when Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the country's independence from Spain in Kawit, Cavite. For this achievement, Fabella became known as the \"Father of"
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"Jean Joseph Magdeleine Pijon Jean Joseph Magdeleine Pijon or Jean Pigeon, born 7 September 1758 – died 5 April 1799, was a French general who was killed in combat during the French Revolutionary Wars. He led an attack column at Loano in late 1795. He commanded a brigade in Napoleon Bonaparte's French Army of Italy during several famous campaigns. In 1796 he fought at Lonato where he was briefly captured, Rovereto where he was in the forefront of the action, Bassano, Cerea where he led the advance guard, and early in the Arcole campaign where he was wounded. In Italy during 1799, he fought at Verona and met his death at Magnano. His surname is one of the 660 names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe. Pijon was born on 7 September 1758 at Lavaur in what later became the department of Tarn in southwest France. Nothing is known about his early life. He joined the army of the First French Republic and rose in rank to become the chef de brigade of the 21st Line Infantry Demi-Brigade on 21 December 1793. He was promoted to general of brigade on 3 December 1794. The year 1795 found Pijon serving in the Army of Italy. Pijon and Barthélemy Catherine Joubert led two storming columns in the Battle of Loano on 23 November 1795. The columns captured two hilltop redoubts defended by 1,200 Austrians and seven cannons. The French lost 2,500 killed and wounded and 500 captured, while inflicting 3,000 killed and wounded on their Austro-Sardinian opponents. In addition, the French captured 4,000 soldiers, 48 guns, and five colors. An order of battle for 4 April 1796 listed Pijon as a brigadier in Amédée Emmanuel François Laharpe's division in the Montenotte Campaign. Laharpe's division consisted of the 17th and 22nd Light Infantry Demi-Brigades and the 32nd and 75th Line Infantry Demi-Brigades. On 24 March, Pijon led a task force made up of the 51st and 75th Line that occupied Voltri on the outskirts of Genoa. Among his responsibilities was the defense of a key redoubt on top of Monte Negino near Cairo Montenotte. Pleading sickness, he asked to be relieved on 31 March. Consequently, the Battle of Voltri on 10 April was conducted by Colonel Jean-Baptiste Cervoni. Pijon next appeared as one of six brigadiers in André Masséna's 15,391-man division in the order of battle for the Castiglione Campaign. On 29 July, the brigades of Pijon and Louis-Vincent-Joseph Le Blond de Saint-Hilaire were attacked by Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser's Austrians at Rivoli Veronese. Outnumbered 22,000 to 10,000, the French were defeated with losses of 1,200 killed and wounded, and 1,600 men and nine guns captured. The Austrians counted 800 casualties. Still hoping to block Wurmser's advance, Masséna deployed Pijon and Claude Perrin Victor at Piovezzano near Pastrengo the next day. The morning of 3 August marked the start of the very complex Battle of Lonato between the French and Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich's corps. Pijon was captured and his brigade was driven out of Lonato del Garda when Joseph Ocskay von Ocsko's Austrian column suddenly assaulted the town in the early hours. The defeated Quosdanovich decided to retreat into the mountains that night. In the confusion, one of his columns was cut off and elected to escape to the west. These troops arrived at Lonato at 5:00 AM on 4 August and were bluffed into surrendering by Bonaparte, who had only 1,200 troops on hand. Approximately 2,000 Austrians from Infantry Regiments \"De Vins\" Nr. 37 and \"Erbach\" Nr. 42 were made prisoners. This event released Pijon from captivity. Bonaparte decided to launch three divisions in an offensive to the north. On 3 September 1796, Pijon reported to his army commander that the Austrians were defending Serravalle near Ala in the Trentino. Bonaparte ordered an attack and Pijon pushed Josef Philipp Vukassovich's soldiers out of the hamlet. He played an important role in the Battle of Rovereto on 4 September. His flanking move influenced the Austrians to retreat from Marco in the morning. Later in the day, he helped break through the enemy blocking position at Calliano. After beating the Austrians in the Battle of Bassano on 8 September, Bonaparte pursued Wurmser toward Mantua. Masséna caught up with the Austrians at Cerea on 11 September. At first, Pijon and Joachim Murat captured the town from Peter Karl Ott von Bátorkéz. Ott managed to retake the place and the French had to wait until Victor's brigade arrived before they attacked again at 2:00 PM. The bulk of Wurmser's column also arrived and the day ended in a French defeat with the loss of 736 prisoners and seven guns. The French suffered an additional 400 killed and wounded. Austrian losses are not known though the \"Esterhazy\" Infantry Regiment Nr. 34 was mauled in the action. The 12 November 1796 order of battle for Arcole Campaign named Pijon as one of five brigade commanders in Masséna's 9,540-strong division. After being defeated in the Second Battle of Bassano and the Battle of Caldiero in early November, Bonaparte wrote a despairing letter to the French Directory. In it he claimed that his best soldiers and officers were dead or wounded. He listed 12 general officers who had been recently wounded and the list included Pijon. Apparently, Pijon did not recover from his wound in time for the Battle of Rivoli in January 1797 because he is not listed in the Rivoli Campaign order of battle. Pijon fought at the Battle of Verona on 26 March 1799. In this action he and Jacques-Antoine de Chambarlhac de Laubespin were brigadiers in Victor's division. The division included the 56th, 92nd, and 99th Line Infantry Demi-Brigades, the 1st \"Helvetica\" Legion, the 1st Polish Legion, 1,000 cavalry, and one foot artillery battery. The action was inconclusive. At Pastrengo on the north, the French were successful, at Verona in the center neither side had the advantage, while at Legnago on the south, the Austrians were victorious. At the Battle of Magnano on 5 April 1799, Pijon commanded 1,900 men of the 56th Line and 253 troopers of the 18th Cavalry Regiment in Victor's division. According to army commander Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer's plan, the divisions of Victor and Paul Grenier were to advance at dawn on the right flank. They got a late start and soon encountered Karl Mercandin's Austrian division about 11:00 AM. After a struggle, they overcame their opponents and killed Mercandin. However, the Austrian army commander Pál Kray launched a powerful counterattack which broke Victor's division and forced Grenier to retreat. During the confused French withdrawal, the Austrians got across Pijon's line of retreat near Villafontana. Pijon ordered a bayonet attack to break out of the trap, but it was repulsed. At this, the cohesion of the 56th Line collapsed and the regiment disintegrated. Some officers who tried to rally the demoralized soldiers were shot down by their own men. In the confusion, Pijon was fatally wounded, possibly by friendly fire. Most of the 56th Line's soldiers were soon rounded up and captured. Pijon died on 5 April 1799 at Isola della Scala. PIJON is inscribed on Column 27 of the Arc de Triomphe. Jean Joseph Magdeleine Pijon Jean Joseph Magdeleine"
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"Leon Keer Leon Keer (born 1980, Utrecht, Netherlands) is a Dutch pop-surrealist artist. He has created work on canvas and (\"3D\") artwork on the streets across the world. Leon Keer is a leading artist in anamorphic street art. His art has been showcased in Europe, the United States, Russia, Mexico, the United Arab Emirates, Australia, New Zealand, and several Asian countries. In addition to using optical illusion, he often presents his art by adding new technologies, such as augmented reality and video mapping. The art is temporary, but the images are shared all over the world via social media. Leon generally paints contemporary themes which involves environmental concerns and raises questions about the livability in this world. Leon Keer designs and creates 2-D, 3-D and 4-D street art in the Netherlands and abroad. The 3-D Lego terracotta army is one of those creations. It was painted at the 2011 international Sarasota Chalk Festival. At 2010 festival in Sarasota he made a surreal street painting with Little red riding hood and Alice in Wonderland together, fighting against evil as main characters in the image. The anamorphic painting Piggy Bank was a Japanese debut for Leon Keer in 2013 and a 3d street art debut for Fukuoka. Experimenting with Augmented Reality combined with anamorphic art Malta Gummy bears - artist Leon Keer created 3D art for Malta street art festival Keer is often confused with Ego Leonard, the anonymous guerilla artist. Leon Keer Leon Keer (born 1980, Utrecht, Netherlands) is a Dutch pop-surrealist artist. He has created work on canvas and (\"3D\") artwork on the streets across the world. Leon Keer is a leading artist in anamorphic street art. His art has been showcased in Europe, the United States, Russia, Mexico, the United Arab Emirates, Australia, New Zealand, and several Asian countries."
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"Alfred Paxton Backhouse Alfred Paxton Backhouse (25 May 1851 – 1 August 1939) was an Australian judge of the District Court of New South Wales, and occasional acting Supreme Court judge. He presided over the trials of the 1892 Broken Hill miners' strikers, and was an active faculty member of the University of Sydney for over fifty years. Backhouse was born in Ipswich, Suffolk in England in May 1851. He was one of seventeen children to Benjamin Backhouse (1829–1904), an architect, and Elizabeth Prentice, née Fuller. His middle name, Paxton, was selected to honour the creator of The Great Exhibition's Crystal Palace – Joseph Paxton – as it was on show during the year of his birth. His parents, who were married on 20 August 1849, were forced by financial constraints to emigrate to Victoria, Australia in 1852 to make their living. The family moved back unsuccessfully to England in 1860 before then relocating first to Brisbane and then to Sydney. Schooled at Ipswich Grammar School and then the University of Sydney, Backhouse graduated in 1872 with First Class Honours in Classics and First Class Honours in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, followed by a Master's degree in Arts in 1875. After a brief period of teaching he passed the bar on 16 December 1876. He married on 4 February 1879, to Kate Marion. He became a crown prosecutor in 1878, and a district court judge in 1884. From 1892, the Executive Council appointed Backhouse as an acting Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales on several occasions. He presided over the trials of the 1892 Broken Hill miners' strikers. Backhouse also served on the Senate of the University of Sydney from 1887 until his death, having been made a lifelong member despite retiring from professional life in 1921. He served as acting chancellor in 1892–94, 1896–99 and 1911–14, and died in in 1939. He had no children. Upon his death, \"The Sydney Morning Herald\" proclaimed him one of the \"most widely known and best-loved citizens, a distinguished figure in various spheres of life, and a rare personality\". Alfred Paxton Backhouse Alfred Paxton Backhouse (25 May 1851 – 1 August 1939) was an Australian judge of the District Court of New South Wales, and occasional acting Supreme Court judge. He presided over the trials of the 1892 Broken Hill miners' strikers, and was an active faculty member of the"
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"Chiefs of Clan Fraser The following is a list of the chiefs of the Clan Fraser, in chronological order. The Chiefs of Clan Fraser often use the Gaelic patronym MacShimidh, meaning Son of Simon. Simon is the favoured family name for the Chiefs of Clan Fraser. They are often numbered \"1st MacShimidh, 2nd MacShimidh, 3rd MacShimidh,\" etc. There is some debate on where exactly the numbering should start, as Fraser ties to Lovat land go back at least as far as 1253. The line does not necessarily represent a direct line of descent, though most Chiefs took on their responsibility upon the death of their father. On May 1, 1984, by decree of the Court of the Lord Lyon, the 21st Lady Saltoun was made\" \"Chief of the name and arms of the whole Clan Fraser\"\". The Lord Lyon did not grant the Chiefship of the Clan Fraser, simply a description of \"Chief of the name and arms.\" The Lord Lyon does not have power over the Chiefship of a Highland Clan. Since this decree, there has been much confusion as to the Chiefship of the Clan Fraser. When Simon the Pater's descendants first acquired the Lovat lands of the Ard, in the Highlands, they took to the Gaelic customs of the area. This included everything from language, ways of warfare, to clothing and fashion, even giving their children Gaelic names. By the time Simon's son came of age to lead the family, he was deemed to be the 1st Chief of Clan Fraser, the MacShimidh. Frasers who stayed in the Lowlands, however, maintained Teutonic (Germanic), or Norman culture. They became a very respectable and well-to-do family, but stayed well out of Clan affairs. They took no part in Clan warfare, spoke Scots, and dressed like Lowlanders. According to Alexander Fraser, 18th Lord Saltoun, his family \"\"continued to have their principal seat in the Lowlands, and those of the surname who remained in that section of Scotland, where Teutonic institutions prevailed, and whence the patriarchal system of Clans and Clanships had long been banished, had nothing to do with the origin or formation of the Highland Clan, and never belonged to it.\"\" According to the Lady Saltoun, his descendant, \"\"The Frasers of Philorth, the Lords Saltoun, being the senior line, are Chiefs of the name of Fraser, although a lowland family. Lord Lovat is Chief of the very numerous Highland Clan Fraser of Lovat, based in Inverness-shire.\"\" The Lady Saltoun is not a descendant of the Shimidh, the Simon from whom the Clan Fraser traces its lineage. As explained elsewhere, she is descended from the Shimidh's older brother. So, though the Lord Lovat is still the Chieftain of Clan Fraser, the MacShimidh, the Lord Lyon has made official the seniority of the Lady Saltoun's line. The selection of a clan chieftain is traditionally very different than the Teutonic/Norman system of inherited titles. A Clan would elect and follow whatever chief it chose. Unfortunately, from a history student's perspective, in the case of the Clan Fraser, this decree has muddied the waters a bit, regarding both what the Clan truly is and has been. Frasers differ on the matter, but most Lovats still regard the Lord Lovat as their chief, while many lowland Frasers, who have latched on to the romanticised view of Clans and the Highlands, are happy to have found a way to link themselves to Highland culture. There is, of course, some cross-over of opinions, and Frasers tend to respect each other as fellow Frasers, regardless of where they come from. Chiefs of Clan Fraser The following is"
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"(hide) Scoring summary \n--- \n| Quarter | Time | Drive | Team | Scoring information | Score \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \nPlays | Yards | TOP | Miami | Clemson \n| 10:36 | 10 | 68 | 4:24 | Clemson | Travis Etienne 4-yard touchdown run, Alex Spence kick good | 0 | 7 \n| 3:02 | 7 | 71 | 3:07 | Clemson | Kelly Bryant 11-yard touchdown run, Alex Spence kick good | 0 | 14 \n| 12:49 | 9 | 41 | 3:46 | Clemson | Adam Choice 1-yard touchdown run, Alex Spence kick good | 0 | 21 \n| 10:14 | 6 | 16 | 2:36 | Clemson | 46-yard field goal by Alex Spence | 0 | 24 \n| 3:13 | 6 | 43 | 3:13 | Clemson | Tavien Feaster 11-yard touchdown run, Alex Spence kick good | 0 | 31 \n| 1:01 | | 13 | 0:55 | Clemson | Deon Cain 27-yard touchdown reception from Kelly Bryant, Alex Spence kick good | 0 | 38 \n| 3:29 | 9 | 54 | 4:05 | Miami | 22-yard field goal by Michael Badgley | | 38 \n\"TOP\" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. | | 38 \n 2017 Dr Pepper ACC Championship Game \n--- \nConference Championship \n| Miami Hurricanes | Clemson Tigers \n---|--- \n(10–1) | (11–1) \n| 38 \nHead coach:Mark Richt | Head coach:Dabo Swinney \n| AP | Coaches | CFP \n---|---|--- \n7 | 7 | 7 \n| AP | Coaches | CFP \n---|---|--- \n| | \n| | | | | | Total \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \nMiami | 0 | 0 | 0 | | \nClemson | 14 | 7 | 17 | 0 | 38 \nDate | December 2, 2017 \nSeason | 2017 \nStadium | Bank of America Stadium \nLocation | Charlotte, NC \nMVP | Kelly Bryant (Clemson) \nFavorite | Clemson by 12 \nReferee | Jeff Flanagan \nAttendance | 74,372 \nUnited States TV coverage \nNetwork | ABC/ESPN Radio \nAnnouncers | Chris Fowler, Kirk Herbstreit, Maria Taylor, and Tom Rinaldi (ABC) Bill Rosinski and David Norrie (ESPN Radio) \n| ACC Championship Game \n--- \n< 2016 | 2018 > \n Miami secured its spot in the game by winning the Coastal Division. This is the first ACC divisional title and first appearance in the ACC Championship Game for the Hurricanes. \n 2017 ACC football standings \n--- \n \n * * * \n| Conf | | | Overall \nTeam | | | | | | | | | | | | \nAtlantic Division \nNo. 4 Clemson xy $ ^ | | 7 | \\-- | | | | | | 12 | \\-- | | \nNo. 23 NC State | | 6 | \\-- | | | | | | 9 | \\-- | | \nBoston College | | | \\-- | | | | | | 7 | \\-- | 6 | \nLouisville | | | \\-- | | | | | | 8 | \\-- | 5 | \nWake Forest | | | \\-- | | | | | | 8 | \\-- | 5 | \nFlorida State | | | \\-- | 5 | | | | | 7 | \\-- | 6 | \nSyracuse | | | \\-- | 6 | | | | | | \\-- | 8 | \nCoastal Division \nNo. 13 Miami xy | | 7 | \\-- | | | | | | 10 | \\-- | | \nNo. 24 Virginia Tech | | 5 | \\-- | | | | | | 9 | \\-- | | \nGeorgia Tech | | | \\-- | | | | | | 5 | \\-- | 6 | \nDuke | | | \\-- | 5 | | | | | 7 | \\-- | 6 | \nPittsburgh | | | \\-- | 5 | | | | | 5 | \\-- | 7 | \nVirginia | | | \\-- | 5 | | | | | 6 | \\-- | 7 | \nNorth Carolina | | | \\-- | 7 | | | | | | \\-- | 9 | \nChampionship:Clemson 38, Miami 3 \n \n * ^–College Football Playoff participant \n * $–Conference champion \n * x–Division champion/co-champions \n * y–Championship game participant \n\nAs of February 20, 2018; Rankings from AP Poll \n The 2017 ACC Championship Game was played on December 2, 2017. It was the 13th annual ACC Football Conference Championship Game to determine the 2017 champion of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The game was held at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina. Clemson emerged victorious and became the 2017 ACC champions, beating Miami 38-3. \n Statistics | MIA | CU \n---|---|--- \nFirst Downs | 10 | 18 \nTotal Yards | 214 | 331 \nRushing Yards | 104 | 77 \nPassing yards | 110 | 254 \nPassing:Comp–Att–Int | 14-29–2 | 25-34-0 \nTime of possession | 25:54 | 34:06 \n The championship game had been hosted in Charlotte, North Carolina from 2010 to 2015, and had been slated to host through at least 2019. However, in response to North Carolina's Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act (HB2), the ACC voted in September 2016 to move the 2016 championship out of North Carolina. Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida was chosen as a replacement site for the 2016 game. ACC Commissioner John Swofford delayed the decision on where to hold the 2017 football Championship Game due to the ongoing controversy. On April 19, 2017, the ACC announced that the football championship game and other neutral site conference events would return to Charlotte in 2017. \n Clemson qualified for the game by winning the Atlantic Division with a 7–1 record. Their only loss was to Syracuse, while the Tigers defeated:Louisville, Boston College, Virginia Tech, Wake Forest, Georgia Tech, NC State, and Florida State. This is the Tiger's third straight appearance in the ACC Championship game. \n The 2017 Championship Game was the 13th in the Atlantic Coast Conference's 65-year history. Last season, the ACC Championship Game featured the Clemson Tigers, champions of the Atlantic Division, and the Virginia Tech Hokies, champions of the Coastal Division. Clemson won the game 42–35, and went on to win the 2016 College Football Playoff National Championship."
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"David Blake (general) Major General David Valentine Jardine Blake (10 November 1887 – 6 March 1965) was a senior commander of the Australian Army who served in both world wars. David Blake was born on 10 November 1887 in Parramatta, New South Wales. He was educated at Marist Brothers, Parramatta. Blake was commissioned as a career officer in the Australian Army's Permanent Military Forces in 1911. In September 1916, as a major, he became the first commanding officer of the newly formed No. 3 Squadron Australian Flying Corps (then part of the army). The squadron was deployed to Belgium and France in late 1917, performing a combined reconnaissance and offensive role. From early 1918, No. 3 Squadron flew in a sector of the Somme Valley, facing German planes commanded by the \"Red Baron\", Manfred von Richthofen. When the baron was shot down and killed behind allied lines on 21 April 1918, the disposal of his remains became Blake's responsibility. Blake initially reported that a 3 Sqn R.E.8 may have shot down Richthofen. However, following an autopsy, Blake became a strong proponent of the view that ground-based Australian machine-gunners had killed the baron. Blake remained 3 Sqn CO until October 1918. The following year, he was transferred to Australia. After the outbreak of the Second World War, Blake's first significant command (as a major general) was Officer Commanding, 7th Military District (the Northern Territory), based in Darwin, from September 1941. The post gained in importance when war with Japan broke out in December. In January 1942, Blake's position was incorporated into the short-lived American-British-Dutch-Australian Command. Blake was the senior Allied officer present during the first air raids on Darwin on 19 February 1942. In the wake of the initial Japanese raids—and fearing a surface attack—Blake decided to remove all Allied forces from central Darwin and other coastal areas. He was later criticised for this decision, as withdrawing from a major supply node was considered a cardinal error in military theory. Later that year, as a major Allied build-up in northern Australia got underway, Blake was moved to the position of General Officer Commanding, Lines of Communication, Northern Territory Area. Blake retired from the army in 1947. David Blake (general) Major General David Valentine Jardine Blake (10 November 1887 – 6 March 1965) was a senior commander of the Australian Army who served in both world wars. David Blake was born on"
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"2010 Speedway Swedish Individual Championship The 2010 Speedway Swedish Individual Championship was the 2010 edition of the Speedway Swedish Individual Championship. The Final took place on September 18 at the G&B Arena in Målilla, Kalmar County. The Championship was won by the defending champion Andreas Jonsson, who beat Fredrik Lindgren, Magnus Zetterström and Thomas H. Jonasson in the final heat. All top three riders riding in the 2010 Speedway Grand Prix. The Under-21 Championship, which was held one day before the senior Final, was won by Dennis Andersson. Andersson beat Linus Eklöf, Linus Sundström and Simon Gustafsson in the final heat. Andersson also won the 2010 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship. 2010 Speedway Swedish Individual Championship The 2010 Speedway Swedish Individual Championship was the 2010 edition of the Speedway Swedish Individual Championship. The Final took place on September 18 at the G&B Arena in Målilla, Kalmar County. The Championship was won by the defending champion Andreas Jonsson, who beat Fredrik Lindgren, Magnus Zetterström and Thomas H. Jonasson in the final heat. All top three riders riding in the 2010 Speedway Grand Prix. The Under-21 Championship, which was held one day before the senior Final, was won by Dennis Andersson. Andersson"
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"Raúl Martín (bishop) Raúl Martín (October 9, 1957) is a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires from 2006 until 2013, when he became bishop of Santa Rosa. Born in Buenos Aires, Martín was ordained to the priesthood on November 17, 1990. On March 1, 2006, he was appointed auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires and titular bishop of \"Troyna\". Martín received his episcopal consecration on the following May 20 from Jorge Mario Bergoglio, archbishop of Buenos Aires, the later pope Francis, with bishop of San Martín, Guillermo Rodríguez Melgarejo, and bishop of Gualeguaychú, Jorge Eduardo Lozano, serving as co-consecrators. He was appointed bishop of Santa Rosa on September 24, 2013. Raúl Martín (bishop) Raúl Martín (October 9, 1957) is a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires from 2006 until 2013, when he became bishop of Santa Rosa. Born in Buenos Aires, Martín was ordained to the priesthood on November 17, 1990. On March 1, 2006, he was appointed auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires and titular bishop of \"Troyna\". Martín received his episcopal consecration on the following May 20 from Jorge Mario Bergoglio, archbishop of Buenos"
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"Rory McKay Rory McKay (born 2 February 1979 in Scotland) is a Scottish rugby union former footballer and now coach who played for Glasgow Warriors. He played at flanker. He played at international level for the Scotland Sevens side. Starting his amateur career at Gordonians RFC, McKay then moved to Glasgow Hawks. In 2002, he left the Hawks to sign for the professional provincial side Glasgow Warriors. While not playing for the provincial side, he played for Aberdeen Grammar. McKay left Glasgow Warriors in 2004 and pursued a career in rugby in Australia, Italy and England. He played for Manly in Australia; Venezia in Italy; and Waterloo and Bedford Blues in England. The flanker also represented Scotland in their Club XV side. He represented an invitational Caledonia Reds side versus a Co-Optimists side in effort to get the Caledonia Reds side formally re-instated by the SRU in 2014. He is now a Rugby Development Officer and coach of Perthshire RFC. Rory McKay Rory McKay (born 2 February 1979 in Scotland) is a Scottish rugby union former footballer and now coach who played for Glasgow Warriors. He played at flanker. He played at international level for the Scotland Sevens side. Starting"
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"Rachael Treasure Rachael Jennifer Treasure (; born 4 December 1968) is an Australian journalist, author and novelist. A former jillaroo and reporter for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation on rural affairs, she is a passionate working dog trainer and in 2007 received Tasmania's rural woman of the year award. In the early 1990s Rachael worked out of the ABC Sale office in Victoria. She met her ex-husband, John Treasure, in 1996 while a reporter and started helping John and his brother with their High Plains Droving horse riding business on weekends. This entailed taking tourists on their cattle droving and salting trips on the Dargo High Plains. The Treasure family has been droving cattle in this area since the 1870s. In this period Rachael developed an interest in dog psychology and training with trainer Paul Macphail and became herself an instructor for training working dogs. Rachael then moved to Queensland to work on a cattle station, which provided Rachael with the opportunity to write her first novel, \"Jillaroo\", which became an iconic work of Australian fiction and began a flood of novels in the 'rural lit' genre. She then moved home to Tasmania to develop her interests in regenerative agriculture, dog training and breeding, and breeding Waler stock horses on Rachael's family property at Runnymede. Her three novels, \"Jillaroo\", \"The Stockmen\", and \"The Rouseabout\", have all been bestsellers in Australia selling more than 100,000 combined copies by the end of 2007. Random House signed her to a four-book contract for British release during 2008. Two of her novels, \"The Stockmen\" and \"The Rouseabout\", have been translated and published in German as \"Tal der Sehnsucht : Australien-saga\"(München : Blanvalet, 2006) and \"Wo der Wind singt : Australien-Saga\" (München : Blanvalet, 2008). She has since gone on to write three further best-selling novels, The Cattleman's Daughter, The Farmers Wife and Cleanskin Cowgirls, two short story collections, The Girl & the Ghost Grey-Mare and Fifty Bales of Hay, a dog training manual Dog Speak and a book of inspirations, Don't Fence Me In. Her novels all deal with contemporary issues related to agriculture and life on the land including succession planning and rural youth issues and relationships set within the Australian rural culture and traditions. In 2008 Levendale Primary School was under threat of closure due to low student numbers. Rachael Treasure proposed to the community that vacant farmhouses be put up for rent of $1 per week to attract more families to the area. The offer attracted interest from around Australia, New Zealand and as far afield as Japan and Singapore. \"It's the only thing Levendale has, we don't have a shop, a pub, or anything to fall back on, this is all we have, is our school, and it keeps the women supported and networking on behalf of the men as well, so it kind of flows through the whole community.\" Rachael Treasure told an ABC reporter. Rachael Treasure Rachael Jennifer Treasure (; born 4 December 1968) is an Australian journalist, author"
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"Denis Ryan (footballer) Denis \"Dinny\" Ryan (10 July 1916 – 22 April 1980) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Fitzroy in Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1930s. Ryan debuted in the VFL in 1935 aged just 18 and started his career at centre half forward, topping Fitzroy's goalkicking in his debut season with 46 goals. He was moved to centre half back the following season as a result of his wayward kicking for goal and won the 1936 Brownlow Medal, making it the fifth Brownlow in the previous six years to have gone to a Fitzroy player. In 1939 after injuring his knee, Ryan joined the army and fought in World War II, getting wounded at Tobruk, Libya. He never played football again as a result. Denis Ryan (footballer) Denis \"Dinny\" Ryan (10 July 1916 – 22 April 1980) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Fitzroy in Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1930s. Ryan debuted in the VFL in 1935 aged just 18 and started his career at centre half forward, topping Fitzroy's goalkicking in his debut season with 46 goals. He was moved to centre half back the following season as a result"
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"Black Rock Gorge Black Rock Gorge is a deep and narrow cleft in Old Red Sandstone conglomerate through which the Allt Graad (also known as the 'River Glass') flows in Easter Ross, Scotland. It was caused by rapids heavily burdened with sediment being carried upwards as part of the great Post-glacial rebound. It lies only a few kilometres from Evanton, at the edge of the Evanton Wood in the traditional territory of the Clan Munro. The Black Rock Gorge is approximately 1.5km in length as shown on 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey mapping and reaches 36 metres (120 feet) in depth. It attracts a substantial amount of tourism, and there is a camping site nearby. The gorge is the subject of local Gaelic myth, in which a local noblewoman, the Lady of Balconie, is lured into its depths by a mysterious man, thought to be the Devil. Ever since, it is said, the cries which she utters can be heard from the top. In April 2004, ten days of filming took place in the area for the movie \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\" and the gorge is the setting for one scene. Also James Robertson’s awardwinning novel The Testament of Gideon Mack is inspired by Black Rock Gorge. Black Rock Gorge Black Rock Gorge is a deep and narrow cleft in Old Red Sandstone conglomerate through which the Allt Graad (also known as the 'River Glass') flows in Easter Ross, Scotland. It was caused by rapids heavily burdened with sediment being carried upwards as part of the great Post-glacial rebound. It lies only a few kilometres from Evanton, at the edge of the Evanton Wood in the traditional territory of the Clan Munro. The Black Rock Gorge is approximately 1.5km in length as shown on 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey"
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"Fuller Warren Bridge The Fuller Warren Bridge is a prestressed concrete girder bridge that carries Interstate 95 (I-95) across the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. The current bridge was completed in October 2002, replacing the original bascule bridge span completed in 1954. The current bridge was designed by HNTB Corporation in 1990 and built by Balfour Beatty Construction. The entire bridge is over . long, with a main span of , and a vertical clearance of . The bridge now carries eight lanes across the span. The bridge is named after former Florida governor Fuller Warren, former member and eventual denouncer of the KKK, who held the office from 1949 to 1953. He had previously served as a member of the Jacksonville City Council from 1931 to 1937. The original bascule bridge was tolled until 1988, when the city of Jacksonville abolished toll collections. Increasing wear from heavy traffic, including a 1993 incident in which a fragment of concrete broke loose, forced officials to ban large trucks from the bridge in 1998. It was permanently closed June 13, 2001, when all traffic was moved to the new Fuller Warren Bridge. After delays in removal because of legal and environmental concerns, the Florida Department of Transportation used explosives to complete demolition of the old bridge on February 17, 2007. Conversion from the old Fuller Warren Bridge to the new one began with one lane of southbound I-95 traffic on April 16, 2000. The new bridge, built at a cost of approximately $100 million, was opened to all eight lanes in late 2002 and formally dedicated on January 13, 2003. About 2013, The Florida State Department of Transportation (FDOT) began the Your10&95 project to add operational improvements and enhancements to the I-10, I-95 highway interchange in metro Jacksonville. A planning department held several public meetings to discuss the proposed project and the cost of its construction with residents, community partners and businesses. They also asked for input from the public attendees. The meetings were held on February 10, 2014, on August 28, 2014 and on February 26, 2015. During those meetings, it was suggested that as part of the widening project to add two additional traffic lanes to the Fuller-Warren bridge, an additional pedestrian Shared use path should be added. The proposed path over the St. Johns River would connect the Riverside and Avondale historic neighborhood with the San Marco (Jacksonville) historic neighborhood. The FDOT agreed to implement the shared use path suggestion, as well as a number of other requests, such as adding traffic Noise barrier for residents. The project began May 5, 2017 and was expected to be completed in the summer of 2020. See Shared Use Path (SUP) renderings On the morning of October 4, 2018, a fatal accident involving one of the construction workers caused a suspension of the project until further notice. Fuller Warren Bridge The Fuller Warren Bridge is a prestressed concrete girder bridge that carries Interstate 95 (I-95) across the St. Johns River in"
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"Bleach activator Bleach activators are compounds that allow a lower washing temperature than would be required otherwise to achieve the full activity of bleaching agents in the wash liquor. Bleaching agents, usually peroxides, are usually sufficiently active only from 60 °C on. With bleach activators, this activity can already be achieved at lower temperatures. Bleach activators react with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution to form peroxy acids, they are a component of most laundry detergents. Peroxy acids are more active bleaches than hydrogen peroxide at lower temperatures (<60 °C) but are too unstable to be stored in their active form and hence must be generated in situ. The most common bleach activators used commercially are tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) and sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS). NOBS is the main activator used in the U.S.A. and Japan, TAED is the main activator used in Europe. Bleach activators are typically made up of two parts: the peroxy acid precursor and the leaving group; and are modified by altering these parts. The peroxy acid precursor affects the bleaching properties of the peroxy acid: determining the activity, selectivity, hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance and oxidation potential. The leaving group influences the solubility, perhydrolysis rate and storage stability of the activator. Bleach activation is also known as perhydrolysis. Persalts are inorganic salts that are used as hydrogen peroxide carriers (examples include sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate). Persalts and bleach activators are included together in powder laundry detergents that contain bleach. In the wash, both compounds dissolve in the water. When dissolved in water, the persalt releases hydrogen peroxide (\"e.g.\" from sodium percarbonate): In a basic wash solution, hydrogen peroxide loses a proton and is converted to the perhydroxyl anion: The perhydroxyl anion then attacks the activator, forming a peroxy acid: The overall reaction of TAED (1) with 2 equivalents of hydrogen peroxide gives diacetylethylenediamine (2) and 2 equivalents of peracetic acid (3): Only the perhydroxyl anion, and not the hydrogen peroxide molecule, reacts with the bleach activator. In aqueous solutions, the hydroxide ion is also present, but owing to the greater nucleophilicity of the perhydroxyl anion, it will react preferentially. Once formed, the peroxy acid can act as a bleach. The consumption of bleach activators in 2002 was approximately 105,000 tonnes. Consumption, however, is stagnant or declining due to cost pressures on detergents and the advance of liquid detergent formulations (which contain no bleach and bleach activators). The relatively high cost of conventional bleaching systems restrict their spread in emerging markets, where cold water is used for washing and photobleaching by sunlight is widespread or the use of sodium hypochlorite solution (as in the US). There remains considerable potential in Europe for more active bleach activators due to the significant potential energy savings achievable by washing at lower temperatures, but their higher activity must not be accompanied by greater damage to textile dyes and fibers. In addition to stain bleaching in laundry, the disinfecting and deodorizing effects of bleach/activator combinations also play an important role. Therefore, they are also used in dishwashing detergents and denture cleaners. Typical bleach activators are essentially \"N\"- and \"O\"-acyl compounds that form peroxyacids upon perhydrolysis (meaning hydrolysis by hydrogen peroxide from the bleach, persalts). For example, TAED produces in the wash liquor bleach-active peroxyacetic acid or from DOBA peroxydodecanoic acid. In all cases, the activator is chemically reacted according to the degree of contamination in the laundry and thus \"consumed\". The literature describes a variety of active \"N\"-acyl compounds, such as tetraacetyl glycoluril and other acylated saturated nitrogen-containing heterocycles, such as hydantoins, hydrotriazines, diketopiperazines, etc., as well as acylated imides and lactams. A disadvantage of these compounds compared to the standard compound TAED is their usually poorer economic and ecological performance. In addition to the acylated phenol derivatives NOBS, LOBS and DOBA (negatively charged in the aqueous medium), further bleach-active O-acyl compounds are described, for example tetraacetylxylose or pentaacetylglucose. DOBA, commonly used in Japan, is characterized by good biodegradability and greater effect on a number of microorganisms compared to TAED. Both work together synergistically. Furthermore, nitriles, such as cyanopyridine and cyanamides, cyanomorpholine and in particular cyanomethyl trialkyl/arylammonium salts are known bleach activators (the latter, the so-called nitrile quats, are present in aqueous solution as cations). Nitrile quats are active in bleaching even at temperatures around 20 °C and act via peroxoimino acids that are formed intermediately from peroxo compounds. These decompose to the corresponding quaternary amides, which react with the help of hydrogen peroxide to the corresponding, readily biodegradable betaines. A disadvantage of nitrile quats is the poor biodegradability of the original substances and their often pronounced hygroscopicity, which, however, can be reduced by suitable counterions. Other new bleaching systems have been developed, especially for washing at lower temperatures and room temperature and for use in liquid detergent formulations: Bleach activator Bleach activators are compounds that allow"
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"Collins Chabane Ohm Collins Chabane (15 April 1960 – 15 March 2015) was a South African Minister of Public Service and Administration. At the age of 17, he went into exile and joined the African National Congress (ANC) underground military wing Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK). Chabane also went to Angola for military training in 1980, and began work underground in 1981. Chabane was born in Xikundu Village, in what was then the Northern Transvaal District (now the Limpopo province) of the Transvaal province. He attended Shingwedzi High School and after high school registered for a BSc at Turfloop University, but a year at the age of 17 he joined the ANC underground. Chabane was arrested by the Security Police in 1984, and was sentenced to six years imprisonment on charges of terrorism. He was imprisoned at the same time as Tokyo Sexwale, Kgalema Motlanthe, Mosiuoa Lekota and Popo Molefe. During his time in prison he obtained a Diploma in Electrical Engineering from Technikon South Africa, and studied aviation. Chabane also held a Diploma in Management from Arusha in Tanzania. After his release from prison, Chabane was elected to parliament in 1994, where he served on the constitutional affairs, defence and intelligence committees. In 1997, he was appointed MEC for Limpopo, in Premier Ngoako Ramatlhodi’s cabinet. In 1998, he moved to public works, where he is credited as having established the province’s Roads Agency. Under the first term of Jacob Zuma's presidency, he was appointed as Minister in the Presidency. He also arranged Nelson Mandela's funeral in December 2013. Chabane also developed his interest in music (while in prison), headed a marimba band and recorded two CDs. In the early hours of Sunday, 15 March 2015, Chabane was killed, aged 55, in a traffic accident when a truck made a U-turn in front of Chabane's car on the N1 near Polokwane, after attending a funeral of Samuel Dickson Nxumalo, the third Chief Minister of Gazankulu homeland. Collins Chabane Ohm Collins Chabane (15 April 1960 – 15 March 2015) was a South African Minister of Public Service and Administration. At the age of 17, he went into exile and joined the African National Congress (ANC) underground military wing Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK). Chabane also went to Angola for military training in 1980, and began work underground in 1981. Chabane was born in Xikundu Village, in what was then the Northern Transvaal District"
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"1975 San Diego Padres season The 1975 San Diego Padres season was the seventh in franchise history. It was the first season in which the Padres did not finish in the National League West cellar. The team finishing in fourth place. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" 1975 Major League Baseball All-Star Game 1975 San Diego Padres season The 1975 San Diego Padres season was the seventh in franchise history. It was the first season in which the Padres did not finish in the National"
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"White Hell White Hell is the sixth studio album by Chilean thrash metal band Criminal. It was released on February 27, 2009. It's also the third album performed released in United Kingdom and the second with the current members. The album was produced and released with a bonus DVD that was released in Europe on the same date. The DVD contains a compilation of various unreleased performances from the band, like the show supporting Megadeth in April 2008 in front of 10,000 people in \"Arena Santiago\", Santiago de Chile. In spite of being released Massacre Records, the band recording in Dan Biggin (bassist) studio. The first single, \"21st Century Paranoia\" was presented in Chile in January 2010 during the \"White Hell Tour\". On March 10 \"Incubus\" music video, directed by Carlos Toro, was released. White Hell White Hell is the sixth studio album by Chilean thrash metal band Criminal. It was released on February 27, 2009. It's also the third album performed released in United Kingdom and the second with the current members. The album was produced and released with a bonus DVD that was released in Europe on the same date. The DVD contains a compilation of various unreleased"
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"Ian Brown Ian George Brown (born 20 February 1963) is an English singer and multi-instrumentalist. He was the lead singer of the alternative rock band the Stone Roses from their formation in 1984. Following the split in 1996, he began a solo career, releasing six studio albums, a greatest hits compilation, a remix album and 18 singles. He has performed solo shows in 45 countries. He returned to singing for the Stone Roses in 2011, although this did not spell the end of his solo endeavours.Brown returned to being a solo artist on October 25th 2018 releasing First World Problems on Virgin/EMI records. Brown had a cameo appearance in \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban.\" Brown was born in Warrington in 1963 and grew up on Forster Street, Orford until the age of about six. His father, George, was a joiner and his mother Jeane worked as a receptionist in a paper factory. He then moved with his family, including a brother and sister, to Timperley, Altrincham. He attended Park Road County Primary Infant and Junior School and then Altrincham Grammar School for Boys leaving aged 16. In 2015 and 2017 he testified against a former teacher at Altrincham Grammar, Fred Talbot, who was found guilty of sexually abusing pupils in the 1970s. Brown's interest in music was inspired by the punk movement, specifically the bands Sex Pistols, the Clash and Manchester band Slaughter & the Dogs. Brown and original Stone Roses bassist Pete Garner attended the recording of the Clash single \"Bankrobber\" in Manchester. Brown's music career began in 1980, playing bass guitar in a band with John Squire and Simon Wolstencroft. They eventually became the Patrol, with Andy Couzens on vocals. The band soon split up, with Brown selling his bass to buy a scooter. Brown moved to Hulme, and attended northern soul \"all-nighters\" across Northern England in the early 1980s as the scene faded. Around this time, Brown met soul legend Geno Washington, who told him, \"You should be a star\". In 1983 Brown joined The Waterfront, the band that would evolve into the Stone Roses, as co-vocalist. The Stone Roses rose to prominence in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with their debut album voted the best British album of all time in 2004. The band's second album, \"Second Coming\", received a mixed reaction, and after several changes of line-up, the band split up in October 1996. On 17 October 2011, Brown alluded to a Stone Roses reunion via text message, saying: \"We are going to rule the world again. It's happening.\" On the following day, a reunion was announced for the band with performances planned for June 2012 in Manchester. In a press conference interview, the members of the Stone Roses have said that a new album is planned. On 2 December 2011 Ian Brown and John Squire performed together live for the first time since 1995. They joined Mick Jones from the Clash, the Farm and Pete Wylie at the Manchester Ritz in a concert in aid of the Justice for Hillsborough campaign. They performed \"Elizabeth My Dear\" as a duo before being joined by Mick Jones and the Farm for renditions of the Clash’s \"Bankrobber\" and \"Armagideon Time\" with Ian Brown taking on lead vocals for the three songs. The Stone Roses reunited in 2011 and went on a Reunion Tour in 2012. After a break from music in Morocco, Brown established his solo career with the debut solo single \"My Star\", which was released in the UK on 12 January 1998. The debut album \"Unfinished Monkey Business\" followed on 2 February 1998. The album was produced and financed by Brown, and featured ex-Roses members Mani, Nigel Ipinson, Aziz Ibrahim and Robbie Maddix. The album sold over 300,000 copies. Brown toured in summer 1998 with a band that included Aziz Ibrahim (Guitar) , Inder \"Goldfinger\" Matharu (Tabla / Percussion), Simon Moore (Drums) and Sylvan Richardson (Bass), including performances at the Glastonbury Festival and the V Festival. Brown was arrested after a flight back from his live show in Paris, and later sentenced to four months in prison for using threatening behaviour towards an airline stewardess and captain, a charge which he denied, causing his tour to be rescheduled. His bandmate Aziz Ibrahim condemned the sentence, saying that Brown was \"just being cheeky\". While in Strangeways Prison, Brown wrote the lyrics for \"Free My Way\", \"So Many Soldiers\", and \"Set My Baby Free\". He was released on parole after two months. His second album, \"Golden Greats\", was released by Polydor Records 1999. It featured more electronic instrumentation and earned critical acclaim. For his third studio album, \"Music of the Spheres\", Brown sought outside production help for the first time, hiring the services of songwriter and producer Dave McCracken who would go on to become a regular collaborator. He toured the US for the first time as a solo artist in support of the album. Brown's fourth solo album, \"Solarized\", was released in the UK on 13 September 2004, and was the first to be released under the revived Polydor imprint Fiction Records. When his new Fiction A&R Jim Chancellor was asked in HitQuarters what contribution he makes to Brown's records he said, \"There's not as much to do. Ian is very much the master of his own records.\" Since the break-up of the Stone Roses in 1996, Brown has released six solo albums and fourteen UK Top 40 singles. He has sold out seven UK tours, and appeared three times at the Glastonbury Festival, including headlining the Other Stage in 2005. He has appeared five times at V Festival since 1998 along with regular appearances at T in the Park and Oxegen festivals, and played the Move festival in 2002 at Old Trafford Cricket Ground as well as two tours of Australia in 2006 and 2008. Brown had a cameo role in the 2004 film \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\" as a wizard magically stirring his drink while reading Stephen Hawking's \"A Brief History of Time\" at the Leaky Cauldron. For the 2005-06 season, Brown was the shirt sponsor of London Commercial Division football team Chiswick Homefields, the players wearing an 'IB – The Greatest' logo on their chests. Brown is a lifelong supporter of Manchester United and is a season ticket holder. At the 2006 \"NME\" awards, Brown was presented with the \"Godlike Genius\" award and in 2007 was given the \"Q\" \"Legend\" Award. In September 2007, Brown released his fifth studio album, \"The World is Yours\". The album represented a more political approach in his music, particularly the anti-war track \"Illegal Attacks\", which featured Sinéad O'Connor. The album also featured former Smiths' bassist Andy Rourke and Paul Ryder of Happy Mondays. and Steve Jones and Paul Cook of the Sex Pistols. \"My Way\", his sixth solo album, was released in September 2009. It was recorded at London's Battery Studios with producer Dave McCracken; the first single, \"Stellify\", was released 21 September 2009. Brown played Manchester Arena for the 3rd time in December 2009 and in 2010 made his 3rd appearance in Moscow and 2nd in Beijing, China since turning solo in 1998 Brown has played shows in 45 countries. In 2010, Brown had a cameo as a policeman in an episode of This Is England '86. Brown has collaborated several times with UNKLE, appearing on \"Be There\" in 1999 and on \"Reign\" on the 2003 album \"Never, Never, Land\", which was also released as a single. On the 25th October 2018, he released his first solo material in 9 years with the single \"First World Problems.\" The single will be followed by the album \"Ripples\" on 1st March 2019. Ian Brown has won several awards and magazine polls in his career, in recognition of his work as a solo artist and his work with the Stone Roses. The awards he has won are as follows: In the UK Ian Brown as a Solo Artist and with the Stone Roses has sold 2.08 million albums. See The Stone Roses discography. Ian Brown Ian George Brown (born 20 February 1963) is an English singer and multi-instrumentalist. He was the lead singer of the alternative rock band the Stone Roses from their",
"appearing on \"Be There\" in 1999 and on \"Reign\" on the 2003 album \"Never, Never, Land\", which was also released as a single. On the 25th October 2018, he released his first solo material in 9 years with the single \"First World Problems.\" The single will be followed by the album \"Ripples\" on 1st March 2019. Ian Brown has won several awards and magazine polls in his career, in recognition of his work as a solo artist and his work with the Stone Roses. The awards he has won are as follows: In the UK Ian Brown as a Solo Artist and with the Stone Roses has sold 2.08 million albums. See The Stone Roses discography. Ian Brown Ian George Brown (born 20 February 1963) is an English singer and multi-instrumentalist. He was the lead singer of the alternative rock band the Stone Roses from their formation in 1984. Following the split in 1996, he began a solo career, releasing six studio albums, a greatest hits compilation, a remix album and 18 singles. He has performed"
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"Eastcotts Eastcotts is a civil parish in the county of Bedfordshire, England. The boundaries of Eastcotts are approximately Exeter Wood to the east, Bedfordshire Greensand Ridge to the south and Shocott Spring to the west. There are two woodlands; Shocott Spring and Exeter Wood, two villages; Shortstown and Cotton End and two hamlets; Harrowden and Herrings Green. And some landmarks such as the Cardington Sheds. Eastcotts Castle a small motte castle constructed of timber was built during the 11th or 12th centuries. Located on the Bedfordshire Greensand Ridge, it overlooked the parish to the north. In 1831 Eastcotts was described as a chapelry in the parish of Cardington, in the hundred of Wixamtree, 3½ miles south-east of Bedford. In 1915 Short Brothers bought land in the parish to build airships for the Admiralty and constructed a 700-foot-long (210 m) airship hangar to build the two R31 class airships. They also built a housing estate for workers which they named Shortstown. The site was nationalized in 1919 and became known as the Royal Airship Works. The shed was extended in 1926 and its roof was raised to accommodate the R101. A second shed was moved here from RNAS Pulham, Norfolk, in 1928, but after the crash of the R101 in 1930, all work stopped in Britain on airships and the site became a storage station. It became known as RAF Cardington in 1936 and started building barrage balloons and became the No 1 RAF Balloon Training Unit. The site has since been used for a variety of other purposes by a number of organizations including the Royal Aircraft Establishment, the Building Research Establishment, the Meteorological Research Unit, Airship Industries and Hybrid Air Vehicles. The sheds are both listed buildings, but Hangar Number 1 is at risk, needing complete repair and refurbishment. As a result of the building of Shortstown, the population of Eastcotts rose from 848 in 1911 to 2,065 by 1921. With the ending of National Service and cuts in the armed forces the RAF’s presence at Cardington began to dwindle and largely disappeared in the 1970s. As a result, the population of Eastcotts declined from 3,675 in 1951 to 1,710 in 1981. The majority of the population of the parish, which was 4,004 in 2016, lives in Shortstown in the northern part of the parish, which was built-in in the early 20th century to house workers from the Cardington airship works. The population of the parish is expected to rise substantially in the near future, as planning permission for the development of 1,100 homes on the new site built in 2011 named New Cardington. site of the former RAF camp in Shortstown was granted in November 2005. Eastcott's open spaces include Shortstown Playing Field near Southcote, Shocott Spring between Cotton End and Shortstown and Exeter Wood which is south-east of the parish. A boarding school was established as a result of the Elementary Education Act 1870. The school was built in 1874, at a cost of £1,174, for 140 children with a schoolmaster’s house attached. A Primary School was built in Shortstown around 1957, which was then demolished in 2012 to create a new Primary School, located in New Cardington, that was completed in September 2013. There is currently 2 schools in Eastcotts. One in Shortstown, and another in Cotton End. Eastcotts Eastcotts is a civil parish in the county of Bedfordshire, England. The boundaries of Eastcotts are approximately Exeter Wood to the east, Bedfordshire Greensand Ridge to the south and Shocott Spring to the west. There are two woodlands; Shocott Spring and Exeter Wood, two villages; Shortstown and"
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"Estudantes Sport Club Estudantes Sport Club, also known as Estudantes, are a Brazilian football team from Timbaúba, Pernambuco. They competed in the Série B in 1991, and in the Série C in 1990. Estudantes Sport Club were founded on May 1, 1958. The club competed in the Série C in 1990, when they were eliminated in the first stage. They competed in the Série B in 1991, when they were eliminated in the first stage of the competition. Estudantes won the Campeonato Pernambucano Second Level in 2005. Estudantes play their home games at Estádio Ferreira Lima. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 5,000 people. Estudantes Sport Club Estudantes Sport Club, also known as Estudantes, are a Brazilian football team from Timbaúba, Pernambuco. They competed in the Série B in 1991, and in the Série C in 1990. Estudantes Sport Club were founded on May 1, 1958. The club competed in the Série C in 1990, when they were eliminated in the first stage. They competed in the Série B in 1991, when they were eliminated in the first stage of the competition. Estudantes won the Campeonato Pernambucano Second Level in 2005. Estudantes play their home games at Estádio Ferreira"
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"Confusion Confusion (from Latin \"confusĭo, -ōnis\", from \"confundere\": \"to pour together;\" \"to mingle together;\" \"to confuse\") is the state of being bewildered or unclear in one’s mind about something. It is used both casually and in medical terminology. The diagnostic use of \"confusion\" can be linked to a wide range of causes including side effects from drugs, mental illness and much more. The term \"acute mental confusion\" is often used interchangeably with delirium in the \"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems\" and the \"Medical Subject Headings\" publications to describe the pathology. These refer to the loss of orientation, or the ability to place oneself correctly in the world by time, location and personal identity. Mental confusion is sometimes accompanied by disordered consciousness (the loss of linear thinking) and memory loss (the ability to correctly recall previous events or learn new material). Confusion may result from drug side effects or from a relatively sudden brain dysfunction. Acute confusion is often called delirium (or \"acute confusional state\"), although delirium often includes a much broader array of disorders than simple confusion. These disorders include the inability to focus attention; various impairments in awareness; and temporal or spatial dis-orientation. Mental confusion can result from chronic organic brain pathologies, such as dementia, as well. The most common causes of drug induced acute confusion are dopaminergic drugs (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease), diuretics, tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines. The elderly, and especially those with pre-existing dementia, are most at risk for drug induced acute confusional states. New research is finding a link between Vitamin D deficiency and cognitive impairment (which includes 'foggy brain'). Confusion Confusion (from Latin \"confusĭo, -ōnis\", from \"confundere\": \"to pour together;\" \"to mingle together;\" \"to confuse\") is the state of being bewildered or unclear in one’s mind ConFusion ConFusion is an annual science fiction convention organized by the Stilyagi Air Corps and its parent organization, the Ann Arbor Science Fiction Association. Commonly, it is held the third weekend of January. It is the oldest science fiction convention in Michigan, a regional, general SF con similar to Windycon and Lunacon. The programming consists of panels on science fiction and fantasy literature, media, science, fandom, art, comics, music, costuming, etc. with discussions by authors, scientists, fans, and artists. There is a large music track, board and roleplaying games, KidFusion — a track of programming specifically for kids — and a masquerade or costume contest. ConFusion has a consuite as well as room parties hosted by other conventions, WorldCon bids, and local clubs. The Ann Arbor Relax-i-con was founded in 1974. Based on its success, AASFA named the new convention \"Condom\" as a takeoff of the word \"fandom.\" The chairman, Ro Nagey, was absent for the meeting about the name change and convinced them to use the name 'ConFusion' instead. The name turned out to be prophetic as the first science Guest of Honor was the owner of local technology spin-off company KMS Fusion. Because the first con run by the organization was not actually named ConFusion, they are generally counted starting with ConFusion 13 in 1975 (one of many intentionally confusing names voted on by the membership). The 1980 con was aptly named Confusion 6 &/or 7, and ConFusion XXX in 2004 could be considered the 30th convention of that name, or 31st Stilyagi con. The Stilyagi Air Corps, named after a group in Robert A. Heinlein's The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, is a loose, informal group, lifetime membership is free for anyone interested in Science Fiction who attends a single Stilyagi party, meeting, or event. The sponsoring organization, AASFA, is a Michigan nonprofit corporation board elected from Stilyagi who have volunteered to work on running ConFusion. ConFusion ConFusion is an annual science fiction convention organized by the Stilyagi Air Corps and its parent organization, the Ann Arbor Science Fiction Association. Commonly, it is held the third weekend of January. It is the oldest science fiction convention in Michigan, a regional, general SF con similar to Windycon and Lunacon. The programming consists of panels on science fiction and fantasy literature, media, science, fandom, art, comics, music, costuming, etc. with discussions by authors, scientists, fans, and artists. There is"
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"Hemashree Hemashree Hosahalli Nagaraju (1982 – 9 October 2012) was Indian actress who worked in Kannada television soap operas. A struggling actress, she had also appeared in a handful of Kannada films in supporting roles. At the 2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly elections, she contested with a Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) ticket for her home town Chikkanayakana Halli in the Tumkur region of Karnataka. She died of mysterious circumstances in October 2012, and her husband Surendra Babu was alleged to have murdered her. Hemashree made her debut as an actress in 2001, as a 19-year old, in a Kannada television soap opera. She trained at the Adarsha Film and T. V. Institute, Bangalore. In the following years, she worked in soaps such as \"Dandapindagalu\", \"Saahasa Lakshmiyaru\" and others made by S. Narayan. She appeared in minor roles in films, \"Varsha\" and \"Sirivantha\" (2006). Hemashree was married to R. Surendra Babu, an advocate and a realtor, on 22 June 2011. She was coerced to marry him by her father, who ha received a dowry of 50 lakh from Babu, who was 48 at the time. The followed day, she registered a complaint with the Bangalore City Police over the matter and sought police protection fearing that Babu could harm her. It was also revealed that her \"allegedly greedy family\" forced her into politics. The couple lived in the Banashankari neighbourhood of Bangalore. Hemashree Hemashree Hosahalli Nagaraju (1982 – 9 October 2012) was Indian actress who worked in Kannada television soap operas. A struggling actress, she had also appeared in a handful of Kannada films in supporting roles. At the 2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly elections, she contested with a Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) ticket for her home town Chikkanayakana Halli in the Tumkur region of Karnataka. She died of mysterious circumstances in October"
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"Seal Harbor Congregational Church The former Seal Harbor Congregational Church is a historic church building on Peabody Drive (Maine State Route 3) in Seal Harbor, Maine. It was built in 1902, and is an elegant expression of the Shingle style in a seasonal church building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985; it is now vacant. The former Seal Harbor Congregational Church is set on the southwest corner of Peabody Drive and Dodge Point Road. The two-story stone and wood building is set facing northeast, toward the junction. It has a gabled roof that descends to the top of the first floor, with large brackets at the sides. The high foundation is of squared quarry-faced stone, and the main floors are finished in wooden shingles, with a belt course separating the floors. The entrance, at the center of the main facade, is set back under a round stone arch that rises from the foundation, and is topped by a curved portico-like roof section. Single windows flank the entrance outside the arch. The second floor windows, a band of four windows, are sheltered by a rounded continuation of the main roof. The windows used in the building are all diamond-paned casement windows. The church was built in 1902 to provide worship services to the area's summer population; its architect was Grosvenor Atterbury. The church was closed when a year-round church was built in Seal Harbor village, and was rescued from demolition by a local summer resident. Seal Harbor Congregational Church The former Seal Harbor Congregational Church is a historic church building on Peabody Drive (Maine State Route 3) in Seal Harbor, Maine. It was built in 1902, and is an elegant expression of the Shingle style in a seasonal church building. It was listed on the"
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"2009 Clarkson Cup The 2009 Clarkson Cup was contested at the K-Rock Centre in Kingston, Ontario. The Minnesota Whitecaps competed versus the Montreal Stars in the championship game. It was the first time that the Clarkson Cup was contested. At the time of the NHL lockout, Adrienne Clarkson suggested that women should play for the Stanley Cup. Montreal beat the Minnesota Whitecaps by a 3-1 tally at the K-Rock Centre. handed the trophy to the Stars. The Stars goal scorers included Shauna Denis, Sabrina Harbec, and Caroline Ouellette. Three-time American Olympian Angela Ruggiero logged the lone tally for the defeated Whitecaps. Harbec scored the game-winning goal against Minnesota goalie Sanya Sandahl. Ouellette's goal was assisted by Marie-Philip Poulin. 2009 Clarkson Cup The 2009 Clarkson Cup was contested at the K-Rock Centre in Kingston, Ontario. The Minnesota Whitecaps competed versus the Montreal Stars in the championship game. It was the first time that the Clarkson Cup was contested. At the time of the NHL lockout, Adrienne Clarkson suggested that women should play for the Stanley Cup. Montreal beat the Minnesota Whitecaps by a 3-1 tally at the K-Rock Centre. handed the trophy to the Stars. The Stars goal scorers included Shauna"
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"Khwaja Habib Ali Shah Shah Deccan Qutub Kokan Khwaja Pir Hafiz Habib Ali Shah was born in a Sufi family, whose lineage is traced back to Abu Bakr, the first Caliph of Islam, his ancestors were Sufi masters. From Syedna Abu Bakr Siddiq, the forefathers of Pir Khaja Habib Ali Shah obtained the spiritual education (Tassawuf/Tariqat) and bestowed with Caliphat from their fathers The birth of Khwaja Habib was allegedly foretold by the Sheikh himself, who remarked that \"his\" son would be born in the home of Nawaab Ahmad Yar Khan (Mohi ud dowla). At this stage the mother of Khwaja Habib, Amatul Fatima was beyond child bearing age, but since the sheikh had spoken, they believed that Allah willed otherwise. In a couplet in Diwan Habib, Khwaja Habib Ali Shah exhibited love for his Sheikh Mohammed Hafiz Ali Shah Khairabadi the parental nobility and worldly life. In his discourses he explained that the love and respect for the Sheikh the spiritual master. \"\"Kar Habib Apne Pidr aur na Madr pe Ghoooror, Ishq mein falan ibn falan haach hai haach\"\" English Translation of the Persian couplet: \"On your ancestry Habib be not proud aught. In the path of love So-and-So, is naught, is naught\" As predicted by Hafiz Pir Dastagir 2 years later, a male child was born as the fourth child of Nawaab Ahmad Yar Khan, as family tradition who was named Habib Yar Khan. In Hagiography \"Tadhkiratul Habib\" (memorial of the beloved) by Hafiz Muhammed Fuzail Soofie Al Habibi, Durban, South Africa reported that at the time of the birth of Khwaja Habib a majzub stood at the door of the home in Kuch-e-Nasim Sultan (located near Machli Kaman near Charminar, Hyderabad) the palace of Nawab Ahmed Yar Khan (Mohi ud dowla), and pacing the floor in ecstasy repeatedly uttered \"\"Shaykh Paida Shud\" (English Translation: Sheikh has born).\"\" It is to be noted according to the science of Abjad, the year of the birth of Khwaja Habib Ali Shah is \"Ya Sayyid Habib Ali Shah Chishti\" Four years later, the grand Sheikh Hafiz Mohammed Ali Shah Kharaibadi visited Hyderabad. He knowingly enquired from Nawab Ahmed Yar Khan, \"Well, well was not my child born at your home?\" Nawaab Ahmed Yar Khan replied \"Yes\". Hafiz Pir Dastagir asked, \"Well have you named him\"? The Nawaab sahib replied in the affirmative. \"What have you named him?\" asked the Sheikh. The Nawaab sahib replied, \"Habib Yar Khan Bahadur\". Hafiz Pir Dastagir was very pleased and said, \"I have come to perform the Bismillah (Tasmi khani) ceremony of my son\". On 23 Shawal 1240 AH at the age of four years four months and four days, Hafiz Pir proceeded with the Bismillah of the child and thereafter put the child on test. A handful of gold coins and a handful of sweetmeats were placed in front of the child and he was asked by the Sheikh to choose that which he desired. The child (Khwaja Habib) placed his hands on both and said, \"I will take both!\". Upon this Hafiz Pir Dastagir smiled knowingly and declared, \"My child will choose spirituality over wealth, and will be a wealth of spirituality\"!. After the official Bismillah ceremony, Khwaja Habib imitated the actions of his beloved Sheikh by learning and memorizing the verses, meanings and ultimately the secrets of the Quran. Khaja Pir Habib Ali Shah became the disciple of Shaikh ul Islam Hafiz Sayed Khaja Mohammed Ali Shah Khairabadi Chishti, Quadri, Soharwardy, Naqshbandi (also known as Hafiz Pir Dastagir), who was the Calipha of Khwaja Suleman Tawsawi of Punjab, India (Now in Pakistan). At this tender age Khwaja Habib formally began the process of acquiring external as well as internal knowledge. By the age of six, Khwaja Habib would retire to the garden house, in a state of wudu, facing qiblah, covering his face with a cloth and would indulge in Muraqabah, in total privacy. By the age of nine, Khwaja Habib made it a consistent practice to be in a state of wudu. The obvious signs of wilayah affected his parents and other family members. An anecdote narrated by several of his family members and Caliphas: During Id, Khwaja habib's father would listen to the requests of his children as to what they desired as gifts (iddi) on the occasion of happiness/id. When it came to the turn of Khwaja Habib tears would roll down his eyes and he would weep and request \"My dear father, whenever you visit the Khaqah of my beloved Pir-o-Murshid (Sheikh){Hafiz Pir Dastagir}, grant me the privilege of accompanying you.\". After studying the Quran and the acquisition of the basic knowledge of Shariat, Khwaja Habib was formally initiated into Tariqa by Al Marifah Hafiz Mohammed Ali Shah (Hafiz Pir Dastagir) Khairabadi. Khwaja Habib took the bayath on the hands of his Pir at the age of sixteen years six months and eleven days on 30 Moharram ul Haram 1252 H. In one of the verses in Habibul Talibun Khwaja Habib explains the feelings As: \"Hum ko Hafiz ki Gali ka woh taswur banddha, Showk Janat na raha bagh Irum bhool gaye\" English Translation of the Persian couplet: \"'\"In the thought of Hafiz's alley I was so lost, Desire for heaven, the Gardens of Irum I forgot\"\" Habib Ali Shah in his own words reported by his Calipha Shah Mohammed Ibrahim Soofie Habibi (whose Dargah Shareef is at Ajmer Shareef India). Afer Bayat I persistently requested from my parents to send me to the Khanqah of my Sheikh Hazrat Hafiz Pir Dastagir, but would receive no response from them. During that period a group of my spiritual brothers (Pir Bhais) was planning to visit the Sheikh in Khairabad. I secretly sent a petitionary letter by the hand of Hazrat Mirza Sardar Baig Sahib (whose Dargah Shareef is in Hyderbad, India). When the entourage arrived in Khairabad, Hafiz Pir Dastagir was conducting a lesson. The entourage kissed his feet and musfah Hafiz Pir Dastagir adjourned the class (lesson) and asked whether all was well. Everyone replied in the affirmative, having completely forgotten about the letter in the excitement of their arrival at the Khanqah of their Pir. Finally Hafiz Pir Dastagir himself was compelled to ask, \"Is there anything else? Is there no letter for me?\" At that moment my letter came to mind and was presented to Hafiz Pir Dastagir. It is narrated that Hafiz Pir came forward, took the letter placed it on his head, held it to his chest, and wept profusely. After a while Hafiz Pir Dastagir regained his composure and opening his arms as if motioning to someone declared resolutely, \"I will call him here \" ! The highlights of this incident stated in the following verse by Khwaja Habib in his diwan : \"Shukr kya uska baja laya Habib Assi - Ho gaya paesh nazar ye sag darban ka qat\" English Translation of the Persian couplet: \"'\"How can gratitude be shown by Habib the sinner. Before his eyes was presented the lowly servant's letter\"\" The letter was taken and placed by Hafiz Pir Dastagir in his top pocket. Khwaja Habib Ali Shah narrates in Diwan: Naam sun ke wo Habib Ashiq Ka - Padh ke phir jaayb mein rakha Kagaz English Translation of the Persian couplet: \"'Hearing the name of Habib the lover, In his pocket he kept the letter. Khaja Pir Habib Ali Shah performed Hajj (in the year ) Khaja Pir Habib Ali Shah spent years in the presence of Khaja Hafiz Mohammed Ali Shah Kharaibadi, in order to learn and gain the spiritual benefits (manasik), ultimately he was bestowed with the vision by the karam of Allah. He established Khanqas (schools) in several cities of India. He was the focal point for the people from various religions, caste, creeds, colours, languages. They obtained his advise in spiritual development and understanding the Islam in right perspective. He used to conduct classes of dars Quran and Hadis Nabawi. Great attention was placed by him on the acquisition of knowledge of Sharia and of the intricate teachings of Tariqah. Lessons were not only given from the classical works of Awliay Allah such as “Fasusu Al Hikam”, “Ruh Ar Arwah”, “Mathanawi Shareef Moualana Rome ra”, “Jazb al Qulub”, “Kash al Mahjoub of Hazrat Data Ganj Bakhsh ra”,",
"Ali Shah Kharaibadi, in order to learn and gain the spiritual benefits (manasik), ultimately he was bestowed with the vision by the karam of Allah. He established Khanqas (schools) in several cities of India. He was the focal point for the people from various religions, caste, creeds, colours, languages. They obtained his advise in spiritual development and understanding the Islam in right perspective. He used to conduct classes of dars Quran and Hadis Nabawi. Great attention was placed by him on the acquisition of knowledge of Sharia and of the intricate teachings of Tariqah. Lessons were not only given from the classical works of Awliay Allah such as “Fasusu Al Hikam”, “Ruh Ar Arwah”, “Mathanawi Shareef Moualana Rome ra”, “Jazb al Qulub”, “Kash al Mahjoub of Hazrat Data Ganj Bakhsh ra”, “Kashkol-e-Kalimi of Hazrat Shah Kaleem Ullah Shahanjebad wali ra” and various other classical works, but some of his own books’ such as Habib ul Talibun were specifically taught at the Khanqah. He wrote poetry in several languages: Hindi, Urdu, Farsi (Persian), Kokani. His poetry of Hindi, Farsi and Urdu is still sung by Qawals. His poetry contains homage to his Pir (Master) and other Sufi Saints of his order such as Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani and Khawajah Moinuddin Chishti of Ajmer, India. One of his famous Urdu Couplet \"'\"Hamari Kuchi bhi Nathi Haqeeqat, Tumhare Dar se mili hain Izzat, Kharab hoone na dejo Sahib, Tumare dar ka bana huwa hunn\"\"' English translation: \"'\"We were nothing in reality, from your door we have attained dignity Sir, Let us not ruined, At your door we have been fashioned.\"\"\"' He authored 30+ books in different languages but now being translated in Urdu and English by his disciples. He designed syllabus and methodology for the teachings in Khanqas which are still practiced and admired. A possible module of “Theoretical Tasawwauf” could read like this and then a practical approach is done by the Pir (master) himself for disciples (Mureedin). Dealing particularly with the contentious issues such as Tasawassul, Nida, Nadhr, Visitation of the Tombs of Awliay Allah, Urs of Awliay Allah are well defined in Habibul Inam. Respect, character development, conviction (yaqin) in the Murshid (Master), proper modes of conduct, basic house rules at a deverish lodge are defined in Habib al Talibun Fighting off evil suggestions, resistance to succumbing to the temptations of the ego, fighting carnal basal desires, anger management, evils of arrogance, envy, ostentation, backbiting, slander, gluttony, apathy, refraining from Haram (restricted actions of Islam), are some of the topics that “Habib un Nasf fi Raddil Khnnas” and “Habibul Inam” addresses. Beautifying one’s demeanour, speech, actions, imbuing sincerity, humility, tolerance, compassion, concern for the welfare of others, gratitude, patience are all fundamental lessons that “Habibul Muridin” discusses. Litanies, Nafl Salah (extra prayers), prescribed prayers Adhkar, Ashgal, meditation (Muraqaba), and the method of its performance, pitfalls of and obstacles in the path are taught in “Habibil Awrad” and “Habibul Adhkar”. Besides Mathnawi of Moulana Rumi, \"Diwan-e-Habib\", \"Habibul Irshad\", \"Fawaid Al Fuad\", \"Awarif al Marif\" are some of the books that were widely read and studied. Shah Deccan Qutub Konkan Pir Khaja Habib Ali Shah died at Bombay, India on Thursday, 6th Dhul Hijjah 1323H, Thursday 1 February 1906 C.E., in the Khanqah which was established by him, a learning centre in Dockyard Road, Majgown, Bombay, India, perpetuating the legacy of selfless service to humanity for which its founder was famous and now it visited by hundreds of people irrespective of religion, caste, creed or colour and all are benefitted by barakah of the Sufi saint. It is a centre of communal harmony for the community, spreading the word of Islam. It was decided that his body be taken to Hyderabad for burial by his second son Sajjadah Nasheen Pir Hafiz Ali Shah. Funeral took three days to reach Hyderabad railway station (reached on 9th Dhul Hijjah 1323 H (3 February 1906 C.E.)) delay was due to multitudes of people that gathered at all railway stations along the route to pay their homage, respect and offer Salat ul Janaza for their honourable Sheikh. At Hyderabad the funeral was received Pir Khaja Hidayat Ali Shah along with thousands of devotees and procession went to their home at Ghansi Bazar Hyderabad, India. Salat ul Janaza was performed at renowned Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad, India, Masjid Ghansi Bazaar, Hyderabad, India, thousands of mourner(people) Muslims and non-Muslims, Mashaikhs, Ulemas, Scholars, Delegates from Nizam Government, Government Officials, students, disciples attended the funeral. Immediate after Eid Salat (Namaz) Idd Adha in Masjid Habib Ali Shah Katalmandi, again Namaz janaza (salatul Janaza) Monday, 10h Dhul Hijjah 1323H, (Monday, February 1906 C.E.) was performed led by his Pir-Bhai Moulana Hassan Uzzama Hafizi and buried at the spot he identified, in Kattalmandi then Ahmed Bagh, Hyderbad, India. A beautiful tomb was built after few years of his demise, the design was given by one of his architect disciples for the Dargah Shareef (the same architect who designed Hyderabad High Court, now AP High Court) Inside the tomb, on the grave a marble Masri was built, on top of four sides the Darood Taj is engraved and at the foot (south side) Tariq wisal (demised date) is engraved as Thursday, 6th Dhul Hijjah 1323H, Thursday 1 February 1906 C.E. Prediction of Pir Khaja Habib Ali Shah came true \"Mubbarak ho idd-al-Zoha momineen, ko mein tum par qurban ho jaata ho\". He wrote this complete ghazal. He was buried after Salatul Idd Al Adha at Katalmandi, Hyderabad, India. At another occasion, he wrote a similar couplet: \"Mujda Suna Raha hoon Visaal sanam ka tum ko, Ae Raz dan Hafiz Idd Zoha Mubbarak \". He had predicted his burial day with the following verses and even identified the place of burial before departing for Bombay (Mumbai)of the last safar (Travel) Succeeded by : His calipha and the second son Hazrat Makhdoom Hafiz Ali Shah ra (also known as Karim Yar Khan Sidddiqui), succeeded as Sajjada Nasheen and Mutawalli of Dargah Shareef and Masjid Habibia, who was fully trained by him Pir and father in the traditional Islam (Tassawuf). He has many Calpha, all his four sons named below were his Calipha. 1. Hazrat Pir Khaja Habib Ali Shah Sani ra (also known as Mohammed Yar khan Siddiqui), Sajjada and Mutawalli of Dargah Shareef, Khanqa and Masjid Khaja Pir Khaja Hafiz Habib Ali Shah saab, Katalmandi, Hyderabad, A.P. India and custodian of Chilla Mubbarak at Dock Yard Road, Mumbai, India. 2. Hazrat Alhaj Mahmood Pasha Quadri Takt Nasheen ra (also known as Mahmood Yar khan Siddiqui), became Sajjada Mutawalli of Dargah Shareef, Khanqa and Masjid of Hazrat Meeran Syed Habibullah Quadri Takht Nasheen ra (Karwan Sahu). He was also calipha of his maternal grand Father Hazrat Shahensha Quadri ra who bestowed him with the responsibility of leading the silsila Quadria. At presemt his second son and Calipha Hazrat Alhaj Akram Pasha Quadri Takht Nasheen (also known as Akram Yar khan Siddiqui) is sajjada and mutawalli Dargah Shareef Hazrat Syed Habib Ullah Quadri Takht Nasheen ra, Karwan Sahu, Hyderabad, India, in his absence his brother Moulana Alhaj Jeelani Pasha Quadri (Ahkam Yar khan Siddiqui) attend the activities of the silsila. 3. Hazrat Khizr Pasha Siddiqui Habibi ra (also known as Nawab Saab Mujtaba Yar khan Siddiqui), his eldest son Moulana Haamed Pasha Siddiqui Habibi (also known as Haamed Yarkhan Siddiqui) is leading Silsila Habibia in Canada for the past two decades. 4. Hazrat Mahram Pasha Siddiqui Habibi ra(also known as Mujeeb Yar khan), his eldest son is leading Silsola Habibia in Saudi Arabia On The demise of Hazrat Makhdoom Hafiz Ali Shah his calipha and first son Hazrat Pir Khaja Habib ALi Shah Sani ra (also known as Mohammed Yar khan) became the Sajjada Nasheen and Mutawalli who was succeeded by his",
"Syed Habib Ullah Quadri Takht Nasheen ra, Karwan Sahu, Hyderabad, India, in his absence his brother Moulana Alhaj Jeelani Pasha Quadri (Ahkam Yar khan Siddiqui) attend the activities of the silsila. 3. Hazrat Khizr Pasha Siddiqui Habibi ra (also known as Nawab Saab Mujtaba Yar khan Siddiqui), his eldest son Moulana Haamed Pasha Siddiqui Habibi (also known as Haamed Yarkhan Siddiqui) is leading Silsila Habibia in Canada for the past two decades. 4. Hazrat Mahram Pasha Siddiqui Habibi ra(also known as Mujeeb Yar khan), his eldest son is leading Silsola Habibia in Saudi Arabia On The demise of Hazrat Makhdoom Hafiz Ali Shah his calipha and first son Hazrat Pir Khaja Habib ALi Shah Sani ra (also known as Mohammed Yar khan) became the Sajjada Nasheen and Mutawalli who was succeeded by his calipha and first son Hazrat Pir Khaja Hafiz Pasha Habibi ra (also known as Hafiz Yar khan). Currently his calipha and only son Hazrat Pir Khaja Habib Ali Shah Salis is Sajjada Nasheen and Mutawalli of Dargah Shareef, Khanqah and Masjid Habibia at Hyderabad India. All activities are monitored and lead by current Sajjada Nasheen Pir Khaja Habib Ali Shah Salis (Jawad Yar Khan). Toronto Canada Moulana Pirzada Alhaj Haamed Pasha Siddiqui Habibi (also known as Haamed Yarkhan, son of Hazrat Khizr Pasha Siddiqui Habibi ra (also known as Nawab Mujtaba Yarkhan) who was Calipha of Hazrat Maqdoom Pir Khaja Hafiz Ali Shah Sahib ra. He is a descendant, disciple, calipha in Silsila Habibia-Nizamia, Chishtiul Quadri, Naqshbandi. He studied Arts and Law majoring Muslim Law and studied Tafseer Quran Al Kareem with Hazrat Alhaj Qazi Ahmed Basheeruddin Farooqi Quadri, Calipha of Hazrat Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui Hasrat ra. He was trained by two of his paternal uncles who were renowned Sufia and Mashaikh of recent past {Hazrat Pir Khaja Habib Ali Shah Sani ra and Alhaj Hazrat Mehmood Pasha Quadri Takht Nasheen ra}. He is a bilingual speaker, and he delivers Juma Khutba and leads Idd Prayers in Toronto, Canada. He is actively serving the community in accordance with the Sufi teachings of love and equality, communal harmony and performing the activities of Silsila Habibia. Recognising his services Hazrat Sheikh Syed Aziz Nizami (Sajjada Nasheen Dargah Shareef Hazrat Syed Khaja Nizamuddin Mehboob Ilahi (New Delhi)honoured him with Chaddar/shawl (Khirqa Mubbark) in public during the Urs celebration of Mehboob Ilahi ra in Toronto, Canada on Saturday 13 March 2016. Jeddah,Saudi Arabia Hazrat Alhaj Sartaj Pasha Siddiqui Habibi (also known as Kaleem yarkhan), who is the nephew of Hazrat Pir Khaja Habib Ali Shah Sani ra, is representing Silsila Habibia Nizami and perform the activities of the silsila Habibia. South Africa Hazrath Shah Goolam Muhammad Soofie Saheb was sent by Khwaja Habib Ali Shah to South Africa in 1895. There, he established 12 Masaajid under the name \"Habibia\". After Hazrath Soofie Saheb's demise in 1911, his two eldest sons, Hazrath Shah Muhammad Ibrahim Shah Saheb Soofie and Hazrath Shah Abdul Aziz Dadajaan Soofie served as Sajjada Nasheen of the Darbaar and the Habibi Silsila in South Africa. Hazrat Shah Mufti Goolam Muhammad Soofie Salis Habibi who is currently the Sajjada Nasheen of the Darbaar of Hazrath Soofie Saheb and the Chishti Nizami Habibi Silsila South Africa. He is assisted by two deputies, Hazrath Shah Mufti Muhammad Farouq Soofie Siddiqi and Hazrath Shah Mufti Muhammad Ebrahim Soofie Siddiq Hyderabad, Telangana India Beside Sajjada Nasheen Moulan Pir Khaja Habib Ali Shah Salis, Hazrat Pir Ahsan Pasha Habibi {calipha of Hazrat Pir Khwaja Habib Ali Shah Thani} is actively involved in spreading the teachings of Islam and principles of Silsila Habibia Nizamia. He performs all the rituals of Dargah Shareef in the absence of present Sajjadah Nasheen. Huandreds of devotees and disciples visits the shrine each day and need to be catered with proper guidance. Bombay (Mumbai), India Chilla mubbarak of Hazrat Khaja Pir Habib Ali Shah Chisti ul Quadri ra whose dargah-mazar (grave) is in Hyderabad India. But the place he took last breath is a mauslam built by his disciples in Bombay. Now it is a place of many Islamic activities (Markaz), irrespecitve of Caste, religion, color people are benefitting for the past 100+ years from this small Khanqa and Masjid (Madrasa) at Dockyard Road. Moulana Mohammed Hanif Gaya sahib {only son in law of Hazrat Khaja Habib Ali Shah Thani} was performing the rituals at the Khanqah in Dockyard Road, Mumbai. Now the son of Moulana Hanif Gaya ra Baba Hasham Gaya is performing the activities under the able guidance of his mother. Ajmer, India Hazrat Soofie Ibrahim ra a calipha of Hazrat Khaja Habib Ali Shah ra was sent to Ajmer, he lived and died in Ajmer in compliance of the commandments of Khaja Habib ra. His mazaar is on the hillock adjacent to Dargah Shareef. Brother Hidayat Ali (he is also a Khadim of Khaja Sahib Dargah Shareef) is responsible for the activities of Silsila Habibia and Dargah Shareef of Hazrat Soofi Ibrahim Shah. He guide all the disciples of Silsila Habibia Nizamia upon their visit to Ajmer Shareef. Ahmednager, India In Ahmednager is the beautiful Dargah Sharief of the Mureed and Khatim-ul-Khulafah of Hazrat Khaja Habib Shah Chishti Nizami ra, who is known as Hazrat Khwajah Peer Sayed Badruddin Ali Shah Chishti ra, commonly known Khwajah Sayed Faqir Muhammad Shah Chishti ra. Guiding hundreds and thousands of people onto the right path,and towards the real purpose as a creation that is connecting with the creator Allah. Dargah Sharief is maintained by the family of Hazrat namely Hazrat Sayed Mehboob Ali Shah Chishti Nizami and his eldest son Hazrat Mohsin Ali Shah Chishti Nizami Habibi. The silsila is also maintained in Southern Africa. The silsila is represented by the organization named Bazme Chirage Faqir Chishti International founded by his eminence Hazarat khwaja sayed mehboob Ali sha chishti nizami habibi faqiri Br Roshan Bhai is the custodian of Chilla mubbarak at Ahmednager, India. He performs regular activities of the Silsila Habibia Nizamia. Urs Shareef ceremony begin from Qadam Rasool on 3rd D. Hujjah and end at Dargah Yousufian on 6th D. Hijjah. People from various parts of the world attend the Urs Shareef and get benefitted (In addition to the zairain from various parts of India, people from South Africa, England, Kenya, Pakistan, Bangla Desh, UAE, Muscat are seen). It will be difficult to get a hotel accommodation during Urs Shareeef in the vicinity of Dargah Shareef. \"All the Urs ceremonial functions are performed and conducted by the current Sajjada Nasheen Habib Ali Shah Salis(Jawad Yar Khan)\" Shajra Mubbarak is recited everywhere. Khwaja Habib Ali Shah Shah Deccan Qutub Kokan Khwaja Pir Hafiz Habib Ali Shah was born in a Sufi family, whose lineage is traced back to Abu Bakr, the first Caliph of Islam, his ancestors were Sufi masters. From Syedna Abu Bakr Siddiq, the forefathers of Pir Khaja Habib Ali Shah obtained the spiritual education (Tassawuf/Tariqat) and bestowed with Caliphat from their fathers The birth of Khwaja Habib was allegedly foretold by the Sheikh himself, who remarked that \"his\" son would be born in the home of Nawaab Ahmad Yar Khan (Mohi ud dowla)."
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"Ray McPharlin Walter Raymond \"Ray\" McPharlin (21 February 1916 – 13 July 1991) was the Country Party member for Mount Marshall in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 1967 to 1983. He played football for East Fremantle from 1938 to 1939 and in 1941, and was elected to the Assembly in 1967. He led the Country Party from 1974 to 1975; after leading the party out of the Coalition with Charles Court's governing Liberal Party, he was deposed and the Coalition resumed. He joined the breakaway National Party in 1978, but rejoined the Country Party when it adopted the National Party name in 1982. McPharlin was defeated in 1983. Ray McPharlin Walter Raymond \"Ray\" McPharlin (21 February 1916 – 13 July 1991) was the Country Party member for Mount Marshall in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 1967 to 1983. He played football for East Fremantle from 1938 to 1939 and in 1941, and was elected to the Assembly in 1967. He led the Country Party from 1974 to 1975; after leading the party out of the Coalition with Charles Court's governing Liberal Party, he was deposed and the Coalition resumed. He joined the breakaway National Party in 1978, but"
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"Mike Durfee State Prison The Mike Durfee State Prison is a South Dakota state prison for men on the campus of what was University of South Dakota at Springfield, United States. It is named for Mike Durfee who was a standout athlete and teacher at the school. It opened under the name of Springfield State Prison in 1984 with women from the prison at Yankton, South Dakota. It became coed in 1985 with males being admitted. It became all male in 1997 when the women were transferred to Herm Solem Public Safety Center in Pierre, South Dakota. In 1999 it was named for Mike Durfee who had been with the school and was Deputy Director of the South Dakota Department of Corrections. Mike Durfee State Prison The Mike Durfee State Prison is a South Dakota state prison for men on the campus of what was University of South Dakota at Springfield, United States. It is named for Mike Durfee who was a standout athlete and teacher at the school. It opened under the name of Springfield State Prison in 1984 with women from the prison at Yankton, South Dakota. It became coed in 1985 with males being admitted. It became"
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"Nikolai Kischner Nikolai Matveevich Kischner (; 27 November 1867 – 28 November 1935) was a Russian chemist and member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. After graduating from the Moscow Classical Gymnasium, in 1886 Kischner enrolled to the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Moscow State University. Since 1889 he focused on organic chemistry, studying under Vladimir Luginin and Vladimir Markovnikov. In 1890 he completed his courses and started working on a PhD on \"Amines and hydrazines of polymethylene series, methods of their preparation and transformation\", which he defended in 1895. In 1900, he defended a habilitation on \"The action of silver oxide and hydroxylamine on bromamines. On the structure of hexahydrobenzene\". While studying under Markovnikov, he assisted him with teaching of qualitative analysis. Later (1893–1898) he taught special courses in organic chemistry at the Moscow University and the Alexander Military School. In 1901, Kischner was appointed full professor at Department of Organic Chemistry of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. His work benefited from copious funding, but it was hindered by gangrene of his hands and feet that eventually brought him to disability. In 1913 he left his position and returned to Moscow. In Moscow, his health improved, so that he could continue working until his death in 1935. In his early years (1891–97) Kischner studied the hydrogenation of benzene Kischner using hydriodic acid. After a careful study of the physical and chemical properties of the reaction product (presumably hexahydrobenzene), he concluded that the product is methylcyclopentane, and the reaction proceeds via isomerization of the cycle. These results agreed with works of Markovnikov who discovered the isomerization of naphthenic (alicyclic) compounds. In 1907–1910 he synthesized cyclobutane ester and studied transformations of cyclobutane into cyclopentane. In 1911, he extended this work on cyclopropane. In 1910 he described the catalytic decomposition of alcylidenhydrazines, which was later named as the Wolff–Kishner reduction. In 1912, Kischner later applied the catalytic decomposition to pyrazoline bases and developed a versatile method for the preparation of substituted cyclopropanes by thermal decomposition of pyrazolines. This reaction, known as the Kishner reaction, is easy to conduct and yields pure products at a high yield of 50–70%. Kischner continued the studies of his mentor Markovnikov. He significantly contributed to the understanding of alicyclic compounds, their intermediate position between fatty (acyclic) and aromatic compounds and relationships with heterocyclic compounds. He also developed several efficient catalytic synthesis methods that were used by the Soviet dye industry. In recognition of his achievements, he was awarded the Butlerov Prize (in 1893 and 1914) and elected as a regular (1929) and then honorary (1934) member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Nikolai Kischner Nikolai Matveevich Kischner (; 27 November 1867 – 28 November 1935) was a Russian chemist and member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. After graduating from the Moscow Classical Gymnasium, in 1886 Kischner enrolled to the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Moscow State University. Since 1889 he focused on organic chemistry, studying under Vladimir Luginin and Vladimir Markovnikov. In 1890"
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"Copenhagen convention (bridge) The Copenhagen convention is a conventional overcall which shows a two-suited hand. It was first devised by Mr. John Trelde and Mr. Gert Lenk, both of Copenhagen, Denmark. While it is rarely used in North America (where Michaels cuebids are most popular), it is fairly popular in Europe, especially Denmark. The requirement for a bid in the Copenhagen convention is a two-suited hand with at least five cards in each suit and typically an opening hand. Point count requirements vary, but it is commonly agreed that an overcall using this convention is constructive and should be made on hands that hold the prospect of winning the auction. When made on very weak hands, the chances are the opponents will win the auction and will have been warned about the unbalanced holding, leading to games that would not have been bid otherwise. Given that a bid using the Copenhagen convention is forcing for one round, most partnerships apply no upper limit to its high card strength. To use the convention, when the opponents make a one level opening, you make one of three bids. To show the bottom two unbid suits, bid 2 NT. To show the top and bottom unbid suits, bid 3. To show the top two unbid suits, bid 3. If the opponents have bid two suits, both at the one level, then the only overcall is 2 NT, which shows the two unbid suits. As opposed to Michaels cuebids, the 3 and 3 jump overcalls aren’t available as natural bids. Bids at the two level (barring 2 NT) are natural. The Copenhagen convention is more precise in terms of uniquely defining the specific suits denoted than standard Michaels cuebids. However, the lowest level the hand can be played at is the three level, and rarely will a nine card trump suit fit be found. This goes against the Law of Total Tricks, which states the three level should have at least a nine card fit. Copenhagen convention (bridge) The Copenhagen convention is a conventional overcall which shows a two-suited hand. It was first devised by Mr. John Trelde and Mr. Gert Lenk, both of Copenhagen, Denmark. While it is rarely used in North America (where Michaels cuebids are most popular), it is fairly popular in Europe, especially Denmark. The requirement for a bid in the Copenhagen convention is a two-suited hand with at least"
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"Álvaro Bulhão Pato \"For the writer and the journalist, see Raimundo António de Bulhão Pato\" \"This article uses the Portuguese naming customs, the maternal surname is Bulhão and the paternal surname is Pato\" Álvaro Bulhão Pato (1840 - 14 February 1936) was a Portuguese politician and a writer, during the First Portuguese Republic, he was mayor of Angra do Heroísmo in the Azores, he was senator in two legislatures in the Portuguese Ministry of the Colonies during the government of Rodrigues Gaspar from 6 July to 22 November 1924 He succeeded Mariano Martins and was succeeded by Carlos de Vasconcelos. He worked as an official and was elevated to a rank of an inspector. He was director of a customs house in Angra do Heroísmo, and remained until it became a republic where he became president of the municipality and a judge in Angra do Heroísmo. He was previously director of the customs house of Portuguese West Africa. He was senator in two legislatures from 6 July to 22 November 1924 as Minister of the Colonies during the 40th government of the First Republic under Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar. It was in favour of autonomy in the Portuguese Colonies He published numerous works, one of them \"Na Brecha\" He published and contributed a large number of works and periodicals, he was author on one of these including: Álvaro Bulhão Pato \"For the writer and the journalist, see Raimundo António de Bulhão Pato\" \"This article uses the Portuguese naming customs, the maternal surname is Bulhão and the paternal surname is Pato\" Álvaro Bulhão Pato (1840 - 14 February 1936) was a Portuguese politician and a writer, during the First Portuguese Republic, he was mayor of Angra do Heroísmo in the Azores, he was senator in two legislatures in the Portuguese Ministry of"
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"Mărăcineni, Buzău Mărăcineni () is a commune in the center of Buzău County, Romania, just north of Buzău, the county capital. Mărăcineni lies on the left bank of the Buzău river, at its exit from between the Subcarpathian Hills, only 1 km north from the city of Buzău, located on the opposite bank of the river. Mărăcineni is connected to the city via the DN2 national road, across a bridge, known as either the \"Buzău bridge\" or the \"Mărăcineni bridge\", which is the most important road connection between Bucharest and the cities of Moldavia. This bridge was damaged by floods during the summer of 2005, and was demolished and rebuilt by November of the same year. The commune is made up of three villages (Mărăcineni, Căpățânești and Potoceni). The mayor of the commune is Ion Catinca, from the Social Democratic Party. The Mărăcineni Local Council, elected in the 2004 local government elections, is made up of 13 councillors, with the following party composition: The first document mentioning the village of Mărăcineni is a property act of November 3, 1597, by which the prince of Wallachia, Mihai Viteazul acknowledges the ownership of \"Fătu of Mărăcineni\" over a vineyard which he had recently bought. Between 1960 and 1968, the commune was a suburb of Buzău. Mărăcineni signed a cooperation agreement with Sèvres, France, in 1991. <br> Mărăcineni, Buzău Mărăcineni () is a commune in the center of Buzău County, Romania, just north of Buzău, the county capital. Mărăcineni lies on the left bank of the Buzău river, at its exit from between the Subcarpathian Hills, only 1 km north from the city of Buzău, located on the opposite bank of the river. Mărăcineni is connected to the city via the DN2 national road, across a bridge, known as either the \"Buzău bridge\""
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"James Ormond (administrator) Sir James Ormond \"alias\" Butler (died 17 July 1497) was the illegitimate son of John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond. He was Lord Treasurer of Ireland from 1492 to 1494, and helped to defend the Lordship of Ireland against the forces of Perkin Warbeck. He was allegedly murdered by Sir Piers Butler on 17 July 1497. Piers would later hold the title of Earl of Ormond. James Ormond was the eldest of three illegitimate sons of John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond (d. 14 October 1476), by his mistress Reynalda O'Brien, daughter of Turlogh \"The Brown\" O'Brien, King of Thomond. In 1458 one of his younger brothers, John Ormond (d. 5 October 1503) married the heiress Joan Chaworth (d.1507), by whom he had three daughters. Nothing is known of his other younger brother, Edward Ormond, apart from his name. He is thought to have been raised at court by his uncle, Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond. In June 1486 he was admitted to Lincoln's Inn. In 1487 his uncle, the 7th Earl, appointed him as his deputy in Ireland after the death of Sir James Butler of Polestown; however the appointment was disputed by the latter's son, Sir Piers Butler. In December 1491 Ormond was sent by King Henry VII of England in company with Thomas Garth and 200 soldiers to defend the interests of the Crown against the pretender Perkin Warbeck, and was appointed Governor of both Kilkenny and Tipperary. In June 1492, having become one of Henry VII's councillors, he succeeded Rowland FitzEustace, 1st Baron Portlester as Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, and he and Walter Fitzsimons, Archbishop of Dublin, were appointed jointly as governors of Ireland, to replace the Earl of Kildare. The Earl's dismissal 'stoked the old Butler–Fitzgerald feud' until, in the early summer of 1493, Ormond and Kildare were reconciled in St Patrick's Cathedral, where Ormond had sought refuge, by shaking hands 'through a hole cut in the chapter house door'. To forestall a second invasion by Perkin Warbeck, Henry VII sent forces to Ireland, and in September 1493 replaced Ormond and Fitzsimons as joint governors by Viscount Gormanston. Ormond and other prominent Irish officials spent the winter of 1493 in England at Henry VII's court preparing to defend Ireland against Warbeck. The King appointed Sir Edward Poynings as Deputy Lieutenant of Ireland, and he sailed for Ireland with a force of 653 soldiers. Ormond was replaced as Lord Treasurer by Sir Hugh Conway, but in recompense was granted several manors by the King, and returned to Ireland in June 1494. He was appointed Constable of Limerick Castle, and worked closely with Poynings, accompanying him on an expedition to Ulster in November 1494. In February 1495 the Earl of Kildare was arrested for treason. His brother seized Carlow Castle, which Poynings and Ormond besieged in the spring and retook in July. Warbeck and Desmond then laid siege to Waterford. Ormond brought troops to Waterford, and shortly thereafter Warbeck's support in Ireland collapsed. Sir Edward Poynings was recalled to England, together with most of his forces, and as a result Ormond assumed a greater role in Irish military affairs. However, in the spring of 1496 Henry VII decided to restore the Earl of Kildare as Governor, and Ormond was summoned to England in July of that year for a formal reconciliation between the Earl of Ormond and the Earl of Kildare and their supporters. The English troops which Ormond had commanded in Ireland were ordered back to England, and according to Ellis, 'Kildare favoured Ormond's rival, Piers Butler'. Butler alleged that Ormand was claiming to be the rightful Earl of Ormond, and plotting with Perkin Warbeck. Allegations of this nature prompted Henry VII to summon Ormond to England early in 1497 and again in May. However Ormond ignored both summonses, and was slain by his rival and kinsman Sir Piers Butler on 17 July 1497 'in a kind of impromptu duel near Kilkenny'. His brothers were John Ormond, esquire, Sir William Butler of Gloucestershire, and Edward Ormond. James and his brother John were born in Alfreton, Derbyshire. They were the grandsons of the Irish King Turlogh \"The Brown\" O'Brien, King of Thomond (d.1460). He was knighted in 1493 by King Henry VII of England for services in battle for the Tudor cause. He held lands in Wiltshire. The year before his murder he was made an Irish peer by Henry VII. He was hailed as Earl of Ormond by the Irish, but never attained that title. James Ormond (administrator) Sir James Ormond \"alias\" Butler (died 17 July 1497) was the illegitimate son of John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond. He was Lord Treasurer of Ireland from 1492 to 1494, and helped to defend the Lordship of Ireland against the forces of Perkin"
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"2012–13 Scottish Cup The 2012–13 Scottish Cup was the 128th season of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The tournament began on 4 August 2012 and ended on 26 May 2013. It was sponsored by bookmaker William Hill in the second season of a three-year partnership and is known as the William Hill Scottish Cup. The winner of the competition qualified for the third qualifying round of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League. The holders Hearts were knocked out by their Edinburgh rivals Hibernian in the fourth round, in a repeat of the previous season's final. Due to an increase in the number of participating teams, there was a preliminary round involving four teams. Thirty four other clubs from the Highland League, qualifying Junior clubs and other clubs affiliated with the Scottish Football Association were given a bye to the first round proper. Third Division clubs enter in the second round, while Second Division and some First Division clubs start in the third round. The remaining First Division and all Scottish Premier League (SPL) clubs enter in the fourth round (last 32). The fourth round was played in early December 2012, to allow SPL clubs a brief winter shutdown in January. For the first time in its history, the Scottish Cup Final was due to be played on a Sunday. This is to comply with UEFA regulations which prohibit televised matches being played on the same day as the UEFA Champions League Final. The 2012 Scottish Cup Final was played on the same day as the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final, but this was done under a one-year waiver offered by UEFA. Fixture congestion meant that the 2013 Scottish Cup Final could not be moved to an earlier weekend. The calendar for the 2012–13 competition is as follows: The preliminary round draw was conducted on 3 July 2012 at Hampden Park, Glasgow. This round is contested entirely by non-league clubs: Thirty four clubs received a bye into the First round. The first round draw took place on 23 July 2012 at the Queen Anne Suite, Edinburgh Castle, at 2:00pm. This round was contested by the winners of the two preliminary round ties plus the thirty four clubs who received a bye in the preliminary round. The second round draw took place on 27 August 2012. All ten teams from the Third Division were added to the competition at this stage, along with the champions of the South of Scotland League (Dalbeattie Star) and East of Scotland League (Stirling University), and the champions and runners-up from the Highland League (Forres Mechanics and Cove Rangers). Sixteen teams joined in the 3rd round: all ten current Second Division clubs, along with 6th to 8th in last season's First Division (Partick, Raith and Morton) and the three teams that were promoted from last season's Second Division (Cowdenbeath, Dumbarton and Airdrie United). The Fourth Round draw was conducted on 5 November 2012 at 2:30pm at Hampden Park live on Sky Sports News. The 16 winners from the Third Round entered here, along with the 12 SPL clubs and four SFL First Division clubs who were exempt from playing in the Third Round (Dunfermline Athletic, Falkirk, Hamilton Academical, Livingston). The Fifth Round draw was conducted on 3 December 2012 at 1:00pm at Hampden Park live on Sky Sports News. The Quarter-finals draw was conducted on 3 February 2013 at 5:45pm at Easter Road Stadium live on Sky Sports 2. The Semi-finals draw was conducted on 4 March 2013 at 1:30pm at Hampden Park live on Sky Sports News. The Scottish Cup Player of the Round was decided by the fans, who cast their vote to choose a winner from a list of nominations on the official Scottish Cup Facebook page. From round four onwards, selected matches from the Scottish Cup are broadcast live in Ireland and the UK by BBC Scotland and Sky Sports. BBC Scotland has the option to show one tie per round with Sky Sports showing two ties per round with one replay also. Both channels will screen the final live. These matches were broadcast live on television. 2012–13 Scottish Cup The 2012–13 Scottish Cup was the 128th season of Scotland's most prestigious football"
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"Undercover of the Night \"Undercover of the Night\" is the lead track and first single from English rock and roll band The Rolling Stones' 1983 album \"Undercover\". The song was largely a Mick Jagger composition, with guitarist Keith Richards going as far as saying, \"Mick had this one all mapped out, I just played on it\". Jagger later said that the song \"was heavily influenced by William Burroughs’ ‘Cities of the Red Night,’ a free-wheeling novel about political and sexual repression. It combines a number of different references to what was going down in Argentina and Chile.\" The song was likely written in Paris in late 1982, where recording began on the album. In 2003, guitarist Ronnie Wood described the fractious writing as \"just me, Mick and Charlie [Watts]... [We] took it up into some wonderful adventures with all these different changes... There was a great percussive and acoustic version, which is the kind of song it should be. The final polished, glossed-up version may have been Mick's vision of the song...\" The lyrics see Jagger explore the then-ongoing political corruption in Central and South America: \"Undercover of the Night\" is one of the few songs by the Rolling Stones which overtly explore political ideas. Recording began in early 1983 and was resumed later that summer at New York City's famed Hit Factory. There are two versions of this song, one featuring usual Rolling Stones bassist Bill Wyman and the other featuring guest Robbie Shakespeare. The song features Sly Dunbar, Martin Ditcham, Moustapha Cisse and Brahms Coundoul, on various instruments ranging from bongos to timpani. Organ on the piece is performed by Chuck Leavell, who later became the Rolling Stones' regular pianist. \"Undercover of the Night\" was released as the first single taken from the album on 1 November 1983. Initial reception was warm with the song reaching number 9 in the US and number 11 on the UK Singles Chart, though the violent depictions spelled out by Jagger were believed to be why its popularity quickly waned. Jagger in \"Jump Back\"'s liner notes: \"I think it's really good but it wasn't particularly successful at the time because songs that deal overtly with politics never are that successful, for some reason.\" Richards countered: \"There were a lot more overlays on this track, because there was a lot more separation in the way we were recording at that time. Mick and I were starting to come to loggerheads.\" A music video was made in Mexico City for the song, featuring Jagger as a detective helping a woman (played by Elpidia Carrillo) follow her boyfriend's (also played by Jagger) kidnappers and Richards as the leader of the kidnappers, who eventually shoots Jagger. The music video, directed by Julien Temple, was considered to be too violent for MTV (they did eventually air an edited version, but not before 9 PM due to the violent imagery). An uncensored version of the video was included on the band's \"Video Rewind\" compilation. The song has been performed sporadically since its release, most recently on the A Bigger Bang Tour in 2006, and appeared on compilation albums including 2002's \"Forty Licks\" and 2012's \"GRRR!\". Undercover of the Night \"Undercover of the Night\" is the lead track and first single from English rock and roll band The Rolling Stones' 1983 album \"Undercover\". The song was largely a Mick Jagger composition, with guitarist Keith Richards going as far as saying, \"Mick had this one all mapped out, I just played on it\". Jagger later said that the song \"was heavily influenced by William Burroughs’ ‘Cities of the Red Night,’"
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"Edwin Sutherland Edwin Hardin Sutherland (August 13, 1883 – October 11, 1950) was an American sociologist. He is considered as one of the most influential criminologists of the 20th century. He was a sociologist of the symbolic interactionist school of thought and is best known for defining white-collar crime and differential association, a general theory of crime and delinquency. Sutherland earned his Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Chicago in 1913. Sutherland grew up and studied in Ottawa, Kansas and Grand Island, Nebraska. In 1904, he received his B.A. from Grand Island College, and after that, he taught Latin, Greek, history, and shorthand for two years at Sioux Falls College in South Dakota. In 1906, he left Sioux Falls to enter graduate school at the University of Chicago from which he received his doctorate, in 1913. He changed his major from history to sociology and Political Economy. Much of his study was influenced by the Chicago school's approach to the study of crime, which emphasized social and physical environmental factors, rather than genetic or personal characteristics, as determinants of human behavior. Sutherland's historical importance rests upon his having introduced (in a 27 December 1939 speech to the American Sociological Association, titled \"The White Collar Criminal\") the concept of white-collar crime, a concept which violated existing prejudices that aristocrats can do no wrong (which was famously expressed in the ancient legal view that a king could do no wrong). After receiving his PhD from the University of Chicago, Sutherland was at William Jewel College, Missouri (1913–19), the University of Kansas (the summer of 1918), University of Illinois (1919–25), Sutherland spent a summer at Northwestern (June–August 1922) prior to arriving at the University of Minnesota in 1925. Sutherland solidified his reputation as one of the country's leading criminologists at the University of Minnesota, where he worked from 1926 to 1929. During this period, he concentrated in sociology as a scientific enterprise whose goal was to understand and control social problems. For several months in 1929 Sutherland studied the British penal system while in England. Also, during 1929–30 Sutherland worked as a researcher with the Bureau of Social Hygiene in New York City. In 1930, Sutherland accepted a position as a research professor at the University of Chicago. In 1935 he took a position at Indiana University, where he remained till his untimely death on October 11, 1950. He founded the Bloomington School of Criminology at Indiana University. During his time at Indiana, he published four books, including \"Twenty Thousand Homeless Men\" (1936), \"The Professional Thief\" (1937), the third edition of \"Principles of Criminology\" (1939), and the censored first edition of \"White Collar Crime\" (1949), his masterpiece. It remained censored until the original text was published in 1983 by Yale University Press. Sutherland was elected president of the American Sociological Society in 1939, and president of the Sociological Research Association in 1940. If he had not already become prominent within the sociological profession prior to his introduction of the concept of white-collar crime in 1939, one can only speculate whether the seminal concept would have been published, as America's largest corporations threatened to sue the publishers of \"White Collar Crime\". (They were successful, and had all references to the names of litigating corporations removed from the text.) When Yale University Press issued the unexpurgated version in 1983, the introduction by Gilbert Geis noted that Sutherland's concept of white-collar crime \"altered the study of crime throughout the world in fundamental ways\". He was the author of the leading text \"Criminology\", published in 1924, first stating the principle of differential association in the third edition retitled \"Principles of Criminology\" (1939:4-8) that the development of habitual patterns of criminality arise from association with those who commit crime rather than with those who do not commit crime. The theory also had a structural element positing that conflict and social disorganisation are the underlying causes of crime because they the patterns of people associated with. This latter element was dropped when the fourth edition was published in 1947. But he remained convinced that social class was a relevant factor, coining the phrase \"white-collar criminal\" in a speech to the American Sociological Association on December 27, 1939. In his 1949 monograph \"White-Collar Crime\" he defined a white-collar crime \"approximately as a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.\" Edwin Sutherland Edwin Hardin Sutherland (August 13, 1883 – October 11, 1950) was an American sociologist. He is considered as one of the most influential criminologists of the 20th century. He was a sociologist of the symbolic interactionist school of thought and is best known for defining white-collar crime and differential association, a general theory of crime and delinquency. Sutherland earned his Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Chicago"
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"retrieved": [
"Coffin home A coffin home (; Japanese: ) is a temporary coffin depository where the coffins containing the cadavers of recently diseased people are temporarily stored while awaiting transport to the place of burial. The term is also losely used to refer to Bedspace apartments. \"Yih-jong\" (義莊) literally means \"mansion of righteousness\" and originally referred to any charitable organization. These charities were typically established by prominent families to promote their standing in the community. The designation \"yih-jong\" was first used by Fan's Yih-Jong (范氏義莊), established by Song Dynasty imperial chancellor Fan Zhongyan in his hometown Suzhou. Emulating Fan's model, many prominent families founded yih-jongs between the Song and Qing dynasties to support their clansmen and local communities, offering charitable services such as orphanages, free schools, disaster relief, and mortuaries. The name \"yih-jong\" eventually became a euphemism for \"coffin home\" or \"morgue\" by the late 19th century. This is because they were the \"de facto\" undertakers of dead people whose next of kin could not be found or were too poor to afford funeral services, and provided temporary storage and transport of the coffins and bodies of emigrants who desired burial in their place of origin. The establishment of Tung Wah Coffin Home in Hong Kong in 1875, named \"Tung Wah Yih Jong\" (東華義莊) in Cantonese Chinese, firmly entrenched this euphemistic use. Coffin homes are primarily found in Greater China and places with substantial overseas Chinese populations. Most coffins that pass through the care of a coffin home are those of migrant workers who die in their place of work but who desired burial in their home villages. Coffin homes also provide temporary storage for deceased persons who are unable to afford a funeral or whose relatives cannot be located. Coffin home A coffin home (; Japanese: ) is a temporary"
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"Commodore MAX Machine The Commodore MAX Machine, also known as Ultimax in the United States and VC-10 in Germany, is a home computer designed and sold by Commodore International in Japan, beginning in early 1982, a predecessor to the popular Commodore 64. The Commodore 64 manual mentions the machine by name, suggesting that Commodore intended to sell the machine internationally; however, it is unclear whether the machine was ever actually sold outside Japan. It is considered a rarity. Software was loaded from plug-in cartridges and the unit had a membrane keyboard and 2.0 KiB of RAM internally and 0.5 KiB of color RAM (1024 × 4 bits). It used a television set for a display. It used the same chipset and 6510 CPU as the Commodore 64, the same SID sound chip, and compatible ROM cartridge architecture so that MAX cartridges will work in the C-64. The MAX compatibility mode in C-64 was later frequently used for \"freezer\" cartridges (such as the Action Replay), as a convenient way to take control of the currently running program. It was possible to use a tape drive for storage, but it lacked the serial and user ports necessary to connect a disk drive, printer, or modem. It was intended to sell for around 200 USD. Although the MAX had better graphics and sound capability, Commodore's own VIC-20, which sold for around the same amount of money, was much more expandable, had a much larger software library, and had a better keyboard—all of which made it more attractive to consumers. Unlike the C-64, the MAX never sold well and was quickly discontinued. Commodore MAX Machine The Commodore MAX Machine, also known as Ultimax in the United States and VC-10 in Germany, is a home computer designed and sold by Commodore International in Japan, beginning"
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"Vartana Vartana (\"Vertare[n]sis\") was a Roman-Berber town in Byzacena, Africa Proconsulare. It is identified with stone ruins in the area of Srâa-Ouartane, Tunisia. The city of Vartana (also known as Vertara) was also the seat of an ancient Catholic diocese. Only one bishop is known to us from antiquity. Since 1933 the diocese has been reestablished in name at least and a bishop has been appointed there ever since. Bishop Vetalis is recorded as attendee to a Church Council in 314. Bishop Leo Hale Taylor became the first of the new bishops on February 26, 1934. The current bishop is Giovanni Moretti (9 Sep 1971 Appointed - ), who succeeded bishop Carlo Minchiatt (1969 - 1971). Vartana Vartana (\"Vertare[n]sis\") was a Roman-Berber town in Byzacena, Africa Proconsulare. It is identified with stone ruins in the area of Srâa-Ouartane, Tunisia. The city of Vartana (also known as Vertara) was also the seat of an ancient Catholic diocese. Only one bishop is known to us from antiquity. Since 1933 the diocese has been reestablished in name at least and a bishop has been appointed there ever since. Bishop Vetalis is recorded as attendee to a Church Council in 314. Bishop Leo Hale"
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"Joey Benin Joey Benin or Joey B is a Filipino bassist, singer, producer and musical arranger. He is best known as a former member of the band Side A and as songwriter for the hit song \"Forevermore\". It was in 1986 when Benin joined Side A as bass player. At the time, he was the youngest member in the band and also the responsible for the song \"Eva Marie\", the single that would start Side A's recording career. He later left Side A permanently to spend more time with his family and their business. Joey B was replaced by Ned Esguerra, former member of the band Freeverse. As a composer, he has worked with such artists as Pido Lalimarmo, Janno Gibbs, Regine Velasquez, Martin Nievera, his own band Side A and Japanese sound/recording engineer Koji Ishikawa. Benin studied at UP College of Music with a Major in Guitar and Minor in Piano. He is married to Eva Marie \"Bing\" Ledesma-Benin; to whom the song \"Eva Marie\" was written for. They have four children: Boey, Jaco, Clara (of the song \"Clara's Eyes\") and Sarah. After leaving Side A, Benin became a \"haciendero\", currently tending a fish farm and develops a natural organic farmland in Silay, Negros Occidental. He also writes music for Tapulanga and Kalipay. Both foundations are helping less fortunate children find homes and get a good education. Joey Benin Joey Benin or Joey B is a Filipino bassist, singer, producer and musical arranger. He is best known as a former member of the band Side A and as songwriter for the hit song \"Forevermore\". It was in 1986 when Benin joined Side A as bass player. At the time, he was the youngest member in the band and also the responsible for the song \"Eva Marie\", the single that"
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"Canon EOS IX The EOS IX (world markets) or EOS IX E (Japanese market) is an APS-format single-lens reflex camera that was introduced by Canon Inc. of Japan in October 1996 as part of their EOS series SLR cameras. The other APS camera in this series is the Canon EOS IX Lite, also known as the EOS IX 7. Production ended in 2001. The EOS IX features Canon's Multi-BASIS TTL phase detection autofocus system with three focusing points. The Japanese EOS IX E model added Canon's Eye Control focus point selection system; in both, the three focus points can also be selected between manually, or automatically by the camera. The selected focus point lights in the viewfinder. Other superimposed viewfinder features include masks for the three APS formats (C, H and P), while an LCD outside the image area displays other shooting information. The viewfinder incorporates a roof pentamirror of 0.6× magnification (with a 40 mm lens focussed on infinity) and 95% coverage. The shutter, a vertically traveling, electronically controlled metal blade unit, can be set for speeds between 30 and 1/4000 seconds, with an X-sync speed of 1/200 second. A \"Bulb\" mode is also available, for exposure as long as the shutter button is depressed. The speed is continuously variable in Program and aperture-priority modes, and can be set in half-stop increments in shutter-priority and manual modes. Metering is via a silicon photocell (SPC) giving 6-zone evaluative metering, center-weighted metering, and 6.5% partial metering. The metering range, at ISO 100 with a 1.4 lens, is EV 1–20. Exposure compensation of ±2 EV can be applied in half-stop increments; the same range and increments apply to 3-shot auto-bracketing. The film speed range supported is ISO 25 to 8000, using DX coding if available. The EOS IX supports Canon's new E-TTL flash metering system when using modern Speedlite EX flashes, as well as the older A-TTL system, which is used with the on-board popup flash and older external flashes (Speedlite EZ). Canon EOS IX The EOS IX (world markets) or EOS IX E (Japanese market) is an APS-format single-lens reflex camera that was introduced by Canon Inc. of Japan in October 1996 as part of their EOS series SLR cameras. The other APS camera in this series is the Canon EOS IX Lite, also known as the EOS IX 7. Production ended in 2001. The EOS IX features Canon's Multi-BASIS TTL"
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"retrieved": [
"Westbrook-Rossini Westbrook-Rossini is an album by Mike Westbrook, featuring interpretations of works by Gioachino Rossini which was recorded in Switzerland in 1986 and first released on the hat ART label the following year. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek stated \"This is a huge work, with spiraling Italian tarantellas played by Westbrook on the tuba, gorgeous arias sung by Kate, outlandish improvisational episodes where Lindsay Cooper gets to shine on her sopranino saxophone and Peter Whyman on his alto, and wildly contrapuntal flowing swing from Andy Grappy's tuba and Westbrook's piano ... There is nothing extra -- no bombast or academic seriousness. Only joy, wondrous innovation, and a truly accurate ear to bring the modernism in the original works to a postmodern audience\". On All About Jazz Chris May said \"It's a playful, mellifluous affair in which Westbrook celebrates some of Rossini's best known tunes (even non-opera buffs will recognize most of them), refracted through his own singular, multifaceted, musical prism. Grand opera aside, the suite draws from post-Duke Ellington orchestral jazz, jazz-rock, free improv, Maghrebi folk music, tango and (slightly drunken) Ruritanian marches ... \"Westbrook-Rossini\" might not make an opera fan of you...but then again, stranger things have happened.\" All compositions by Gioachino Rossini with additional material by Mike Westbrook Westbrook-Rossini Westbrook-Rossini is an album by Mike Westbrook, featuring interpretations of works by Gioachino Rossini which was recorded in Switzerland in 1986 and first released on the hat ART label the following year. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek stated \"This is a huge work, with spiraling Italian tarantellas played by Westbrook on the tuba, gorgeous arias sung by Kate, outlandish improvisational episodes where Lindsay Cooper gets to shine on her sopranino saxophone and Peter Whyman on his alto, and wildly contrapuntal flowing swing from Andy Grappy's tuba and"
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"Record Collectors Are Pretentious Assholes Record Collectors Are Pretentious Assholes is hardcore punk band Poison Idea's second EP, released in 1984 through Fatal Erection Records. The back cover of the album featured a picture of Elvis Presley with the words scribed below \"The King\" as a response to their previous release, the Pick Your King ep which had a picture of Jesus on the front and Elvis on the back. Louisiana Eyehategod vocalist Mike Williams cited this album title as his favourite of any album in the liner notes for the 2006 Century Media reissue of Eyehategod's \"Take as Needed for Pain\" (\"Take as Needed for Pain\" apparently came second). The artwork, coupled with the title, is a joke at the expense of guitarist \"Pig Champion\", as it is a picture of his extensive record collection. Hardcore band Cold World released an EP called Pretentious Assholes in parody of this EP, featuring similar artwork with pictures of \"collectible\" versions of Poison Idea records. Record Collectors Are Pretentious Assholes Record Collectors Are Pretentious Assholes is hardcore punk band Poison Idea's second EP, released in 1984 through Fatal Erection Records. The back cover of the album featured a picture of Elvis Presley"
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"2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 50 metre freestyle The men's 50 metre freestyle competition at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 24 at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Nathan Adrian of US. This race consisted of one length of the pool in freestyle. Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows: All times are in minutes and seconds. The first round was held on August 24, at 11:09. The B final was held on August 24, at 20:24. The A final was held on August 24, at 20:24. 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Men's 50 metre freestyle The men's 50 metre freestyle competition at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 24 at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Nathan Adrian of US. This race consisted of one length of the pool in freestyle. Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows: All times are in minutes and seconds. The first round was held on August 24, at 11:09. The B final was held on August 24, at 20:24. The A"
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"retrieved": [
"South Valley, New York South Valley is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 264 at the 2010 census. The name is from the town's geographical attributes. The town is in the southwest corner of the county. It is east of the city of Jamestown. The town was first settled in 1798 by Quaker missionaries, who attempted to teach the local Indians agriculture and skills needed to cooperate with non-native settlers. The Quakers started a school in 1803 and erected a sawmill in 1812, but the mill caused dissension in the tribe and, at the request of Seneca leaders Cornplanter and Handsome Lake, was pulled down. Cornplanter (who spent his last years on a tract of land just south of South Valley) maintained respectful relations with the Quakers in his later life, despite differences with the group in regard to cultural assimilation. In 1838 the Quakers intervened to prevent the Ogden Land Company from acquiring the Senecas' land (as had been agreed to in the Treaty of Buffalo Creek), and in 1842 a new Treaty of Buffalo Creek allowed the Senecas to keep their land. The town of South Valley was formed in 1847 from the south part of the town of Randolph. Much like the then-adjacent town of Red House, South Valley depended heavily on lumber for its early economy, and the town's population peaked in 1890, when over 1,000 residents lived there. The spin-off of Elko and the Panic of 1893 cut the town's population by more than half, starting a decline that would last several decades. Much of the town was evacuated and razed in 1965 when the Kinzua Dam was constructed, as many small communities that once inhabited the town along the Allegheny River were flooded; by 1970, South Valley's population bottomed out at 164 people, a number that has since modestly rebounded. Maps of Cattaraugus County produced today will sometimes make note of the now-mostly abandoned hamlet of Onoville (still marked on I-86 and on navigation signs). A marina was constructed where Onoville used to be. Onoville's name was reputedly the result of objections to the original town's nickname, \"Jugville;\" after residents exclaimed \"oh, no\" to using the Jugville name, a fellow resident flippantly suggested \"Onoville\" instead, which was accepted. If Onoville had ever been assigned a ZIP Code, it would have likely been 14764, as gaps in the United States Postal Service's online database have ZIP codes 14761 to 14764 missing, with a town name somewhere alphabetically between Olean and Oramel; as Olean is substantially larger and ZIP Codes 14761 through 14763 were likely reserved for it but never used, it is unknown whether 14764 was reserved for Olean or Onoville). If the ZIP Code had been assigned, it likely was never used, since by the time ZIP Codes were rolled out outside the cities in 1963, the Kinzua Dam was already being built. The Onoville post office closed June 30, 1964. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.67%, is water. The south town line is the border of Pennsylvania and the west town line is the border of Chautauqua County, New York. The Allegheny Reservoir cuts through the town. The South Valley State Forest occupies much of the town's area. The south town line is the border of the townships of Pine Grove, Elk, and Mead in Warren County, Pennsylvania, and Corydon Township in McKean County, Pennsylvania. The west town line is the border of the town of Carroll in Chautauqua County, New York. To the east is the Allegany Reservation and the town of Coldspring. North of South Valley is the town of Randolph. New York State Route 950A (West Bank Perimeter Road) is the primary road through South Valley and leads to I-86 and NY 394 to the northeast and Pennsylvania to the southwest. County Road 33 (Bone Run Road) connects NY-950A to U.S. Route 62 in Carroll. County Road 89 (Sawmill Run Road) connects to NY-950A in the former community of Onoville and leads directly to US 62 in Frewsburg. As of the census of 2000, there were 302 people, 126 households, and 89 families residing in the town. The population density was 8.2 people per square mile (3.2/km²). There were 320 housing units at an average density of 8.7 per square mile (3.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.01% White, 0.33% African American, 1.32% Native American and 0.33% Asian. There were 126 households out of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.7% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.83. In the town, the population was spread out with 20.5% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 34.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 125.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 122.2 males. The median income for a household in the town was $38,750, and the median income for a family was $47,188. Males had a median income of $32,188 versus $22,188 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,541. About 3.8% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.0% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.5% of those sixty five or over. A few scattered businesses operate in the town, including two prominent restaurants, the Horseshoe Inn on West Bank Perimeter Road and the Nic-L-Inn on Bone Run Road. Some small convenience stores and boating supply shops operate near the marina. South Valley, New York South Valley is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 264 at the 2010 census. The name is from the town's geographical attributes. The town is in the southwest corner of the county. It is east of the city of Jamestown. The town was first settled in 1798 by Quaker missionaries, who attempted to teach the local Indians agriculture and skills needed to cooperate with non-native settlers. The Quakers started a school in 1803 and erected a sawmill in 1812, but the mill caused dissension in the tribe and,"
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