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"Man from Wareika Man from Wareika was the first album recording for Rico Rodriguez led by his own artistic imagination, and his first recording created for album release. It is notable for being the only roots reggae album to be released on Blue Note Records. After recording one track (\"Africa\") in London with engineer Dick Cuthell as a kind of a demo for label owner Chris Blackwell - its arrangement is completely different in comparison to the rest of the album and contains flute and chorus - Rodriguez was offered a contract to record this album; and he could arrange to record in Jamaica. After 15 years Rodriguez returned for the first time to Jamaica. He had left the country in 1961 when he was already heavily involved in creating the then new ska sound. In 1976 he added something new to reggae music. A critic wrote in 1977 that the album \"does not just reflect the current popular trends, but ... expresses in a definitive way the Jamaican music tradition.\" The nine self-composed tracks on the album offer Jamaican rhythms with horn lines between a melodic use (e.g. on \"This Day\", \"Lumumba\") and jazz; the latter helped to define something like a new genre, Jamaican jazz, transforming the experience from early ska days into 1970s roots reggae. Most of the songs remain in Rodriguez's live repertoire until today. Some have been re-recorded by other artists as well as by himself. All compositions and arrangements by Rico Rodriguez Recorded at Joe Gibbs Studios and Randy's Recording Studio, Kingston, Jamaica, September 1976. Engineers: Karl Pitterson, Errol Thompson, Dick Cuthell, assisted by Flick. \"Africa\" was recorded at Island Hammersmith Studios, May 1976 by Dick Cuthell. All tracks mixed at Island Basing Street Studios by Karl Pitterson and Dick Cuthell, assisted by Kevin Dallimore. Executive producer: Chris Blackwell Cover illustration by Tony Wright. Design by Eckford/Stimpson. 1977: ca. late 1980s: 1999/2000: 2004: 2016: \"Man From Wareika\" was also remixed into a dub version, released as \"Warrika Dub\" (LP: Ghetto Rockers PRE 1), re-released 2004 in Japan on Island CD. Man from Wareika Man from Wareika was the first album recording for Rico Rodriguez led by his own artistic imagination, and his first recording created for album release. It is notable for being the only roots reggae album to be released on Blue Note Records. After recording one track (\"Africa\") in London with engineer"
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"Euphorinae The Euphorinae are a large subfamily of Braconidae parasitoid wasps. Some species have been used for biological pest control. They are sister group to the Meteorinae. Euphorines are small, usually dark colored wasps. They are non-cyclostomes. Euphorines are found worldwide. Euphorines are solitary or rarely gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoids. Unlike most other parasitoid wasps, Euphorinae have a broad host range and attack adult insects or nymphs of hemimetabolous insects. Wasps of the tribe Dinocampini parasitize adult beetles. Its four genera are \"Dinocampus\" Foerster, \"Ropalophorous\" Curtis, \"Centistina\" Enderlein, and \"Betelgeuse\". Representative tribes of Euphorinae are Centistini, Cosmophorini, Cryptoxilonini, Dinocampini, Euphorini, Helorimorphini, Meteorini, Myiocephalini, Oncometeorini, Perilitini, Proclithrophorini, Syntretini, and Tainitermini. These 36 genera belong to the subfamily Euphorinae: Euphorinae The Euphorinae are a large subfamily of Braconidae parasitoid wasps. Some species have been used for biological pest control. They are sister group to the Meteorinae. Euphorines are small, usually dark colored wasps. They are non-cyclostomes. Euphorines are found worldwide. Euphorines are solitary or rarely gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoids. Unlike most other parasitoid wasps, Euphorinae have a broad host range and attack adult insects or nymphs of hemimetabolous insects. Wasps of the tribe Dinocampini parasitize adult beetles. Its four genera are \"Dinocampus\" Foerster, \"Ropalophorous\""
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"A. S. Albery A. Stuart Albery was a British political figure active in the Socialist movement during the first decade of the twentieth century. Albery was a member of the Social Democratic Federation (SDF), and later of the May 1904 Provisional Committee, which led to the founding in June of the Socialist Party of Great Britain. An early public speaker and Executive Committee member for the Party, he withdrew after a few months and by 1906 was back in the SDF. Along with \"Socialist Standard\" writer Alec Gray, he is known to have been a member of the Independent Labour Party. At the London County Council election, 1922, Albery stood unsuccessfully for the Labour Party in Clapham. A. S. Albery A. Stuart Albery was a British political figure active in the Socialist movement during the first decade of the twentieth century. Albery was a member of the Social Democratic Federation (SDF), and later of the May 1904 Provisional Committee, which led to the founding in June of the Socialist Party of Great Britain. An early public speaker and Executive Committee member for the Party, he withdrew after a few months and by 1906 was back in the SDF. Along with"
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"Rodeo Drive (game show) Rodeo Drive is a cable game show that pitted three contestants against each other in a game based on the street of the same name. It was recorded in CBS Television City's Studio 43 in Los Angeles. The series debuted on Lifetime on February 5, 1990, ran until May 4, 1990, and was hosted by comedian Louise DuArt, with Burton Richardson as announcer. Jay Wolpert created and produced the show. After the last episode aired, the show went into reruns until August 31, 1990. A monitor behind the contestants was revealed with a list of seven hidden words connected to a famous celebrity. On his/her turn, the contestant chose a number from one through seven. The word was revealed to the home audience as well as their two opponents, after which the opponents secretly predicted whether the describing contestant would say the word. The first contestant received 15 seconds to describe the celebrity, and if the contestant said the chosen hidden word within 15 seconds they won the hidden point value associated with that word (anywhere from 100 to 250 points according to the difficulty of the word). If not, the contestant received five points for each of the remaining six words they did say. Afterwards, the other contestants' predictions were revealed. If the prediction was correct, that contestant won 50 points. Play continued until all three contestants had described one celebrity and predicted twice. If two contestants were tied at the end of the round, a toss-up statement about a celebrity was read. The first contestant to buzz-in and correctly classify it as a fact or rumor scored one point (preventing any further ties involving that contestant) and the advantage in round 2. If incorrect, the opponent automatically earned the point and the advantage. The contestants were rearranged and seated from left to right in order of how they finished the first round. They were now given statements posed by the host, each one being either a fact or a rumor. Play started with the contestant in the lead after round one. If the contestant correctly identified the statement as a fact or rumor, that contestant earned 100 points. An incorrect answer passed control to the second-place contestant. That contestant continued answering questions until they missed, at which point the third-place contestant gained control. An incorrect answer by the third-place contestant resulted in the first contestant gaining control again. The game lasted for approximately seven minutes. During this stage of the game, DuArt provided her celebrity impersonations appropriate to the subject of the questions. Two bells indicated a two-minute warning, and when the final bells rang, the round and the game ended. The contestant with the most points won the game, won $500 and advanced to the bonus round. If the game ended in a tie, a tiebreaker similar to that used in round one was used to determine a winner. One of the questions was related to a teaser that DuArt gave at the beginning of the show. Before the bonus round, the winning contestant had an opportunity to increase the amount of money in the bank on Rodeo Drive by answering five questions. The contestant was given names of two celebrities and a statement which be about either celebrity A, celebrity B, or both celebrities. The bank began at $1,000 and increased by $200 for each correct answer. The contestant then got the chance to stroll down Rodeo Drive, which included four stores and the bank. For each store, the contestant had to identify a celebrity by overhearing gossip about that celebrity. Each time a celebrity was correctly identified the contestant advanced to the next store and listened to gossip about another celebrity. If the contestant was able to get through all four stores and the bank within 60 seconds, they won all the prizes and all the money in the bank. If a contestant ran out of time, they were allowed to choose a prize to keep from one of the stores they successfully passed, and the bank value carried over to the next show. Champions remained on the show until defeated or until winning five matches. Rodeo Drive (game show) Rodeo"
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"Rick Matula Richard Carlton Matula (born November 22, 1953) is a former starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played from 1979 to 1981 for the Atlanta Braves. Listed at 6' 0\", 190 lb., he batted and threw right handed. Born in Wharton, Texas, Matula was originally selected by the Montreal Expos in the 16th round of the 1972 MLB Draft. But he chose not to sign, instead going on to attend Sam Houston State University. He was drafted again by the Braves in the 14th round of the 1976 draft, and after signing was assigned to the Kingsport Braves. There, Matula went 3–5 with a 2.63 ERA in 20 appearances (48 innings pitched). He also appeared in three games for the Greenwood Braves, posting a 1–0 record and 7.50 ERA in six innings. Overall that season, Matula went 4–5 with a 3.17 ERA in 54 innings. In 1977, Matula split time between the Greenwood Braves and Savannah Braves. With Greenwood, he went 2–1 with a 2.14 ERA in 21 innings of work. With Savannah, he went 8–5 with a 3.24 ERA in 100 innings (22 games). Combined, he went 10–6 with a 3.05 ERA. Matula went a combined 10–5 with a 3.12 ERA in 127 innings in 1978. He split time between the Savannah Braves and Richmond Braves. On April 8, 1979, Matula made his major league debut at the age of 25. Although he gave up no walks and only two earned runs in seven innings of work, he still lost against the Houston Astros starter, Joe Niekro (Niekro pitched a complete game shutout). He made 28 starts in his rookie season, going 8–10 with a 4.15 ERA in 171.1 innings. Not a strikeout pitcher, he walked 64 batters and struck out only 67. In 1980, Matula made 33 appearances (30 starts), going 11–13 with a 4.58 ERA. In 176.2 innings, he struck out only 62 batters and his 13 losses were the ninth most in the league. For the majority of the 1981 season, Matula was in the minors, with the Richmond Braves. He appeared in 16 games for them, making 11 starts and going 7–4 with a 2.97 ERA. He didn’t do so well in the majors, making five relief appearances and posting an ERA of 6.43. He played his final major league game on June 11 that year. On March 29, 1982, he was released by the Braves. He played for the Evansville Triplets in the Detroit Tigers organization and Denver Bears in the Texas Rangers organization, going a combined 3–8 with a 5.62 ERA in 36 appearances, (10 starts). Overall, Matula made 66 appearances in the majors (58 starts). He went 19–23 with a 4.41 ERA, striking out 129 batters and walking 126 in 355 innings of work. As a batter, he hit .099 in 111 at bats, walking three times and striking out 48 times. , or Retrosheet, or Pelota Binaria (Venezuelan Winter League) Rick Matula Richard Carlton Matula (born November 22, 1953)"
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"Geothermobarometry Geothermobarometry is the science of measuring the previous pressure and temperature history of a metamorphic or intrusive igneous rocks. Geothermobarometry is a combination of \"geobarometry\", where a pressure of mineral formation is resolved, and \"geothermometry\" where a temperature of formation is resolved. Geothermobarometry relies upon understanding the temperature and pressure of the formation of minerals within metamorphic and igneous rocks, and is particularly useful in metamorphic rocks. There are several methods of measuring the temperature or pressure of mineral formation relying on chemical equilibrium between metamorphic minerals or by measuring the chemical composition of individual minerals. Thermobarometry relies upon the fact that mineral pairs/assemblages vary their compositions as a function of temperature and pressure. There are numerous extra factors to consider such as oxygen fugacity and water activity (roughly, the same as concentration). The distribution of component elements between the mineral assemblages is then analysed using an electron microprobe or scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data on the geothermometers and geobarometers is derived from both laboratory studies on artificial mineral assemblages, where minerals are grown at known temperatures and pressures and the chemical equilibrium measured directly, and from calibration using natural systems. For example, one of the best known and most widely applicable geothermometers is the garnet-biotite relationship where the relative proportions of Fe and Mg in garnet and biotite change with increasing temperature, so measurement of the compositions of these minerals to give the Fe-Mg distribution between them allows the temperature of crystallization to be calculated, given some assumptions. In natural systems, the chemical reactions occur in open systems with unknown geological and chemical histories, and application of geothermobarometers relies on several assumptions that must hold in order for the laboratory data and natural compositions to relate in a valid fashion: Some techniques include: Note that the Fe-Mg exchange thermometers are empirical (laboratory tested and calibrated) as well as calculated based on a theoretical thermodynamic understanding of the components and phases involved. The Ti-in-biotite thermometer is solely empirical and not well understood thermodynamically. Various mineral assemblages rely more upon pressure than temperature; for example reactions which involve a large volume change. At high pressure, specific minerals assume lower volumes (therefore density increases, as the mass does not change) - it is these minerals which are good indicators of paleo-pressure. Geothermobarometry Geothermobarometry is the science of measuring the previous pressure and temperature history of a metamorphic or intrusive igneous rocks."
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"KCOM Stadium The KCOM Stadium (also known as the Hull City Stadium due to UEFA sponsorship regulations) is a multi-purpose facility in the city of Kingston upon Hull, England. The stadium was previously called the KC Stadium, but was renamed as part of a major rebrand by the stadium's sponsors, telecommunications provider KCOM, on 4 April 2016. Conceived in the late 1990s, it was completed in 2002 at a cost of approximately £44 million. The stadium is owned by Hull City Council and operated by the Stadium Management Company (SMC), who are looking to expand the stadium up to 32,000. The bowl-shaped stadium contains a continuous single tier of seats with a second tier on the west side. Its current capacity is 25,400. The stadium hosts two tenants, association football club Hull City A.F.C., which moved there from Boothferry Park, and rugby league football club Hull FC, relocated from the Boulevard. It is also the 2nd largest rugby league stadium in England. The ground also hosts international association football and rugby league football competitions and acts as a venue for concerts by musical artists, such as Elton John and The Who. The idea of a new stadium for Kingston upon Hull, whose professional football club Hull City had played at Boothferry Park since 1946, was first mooted in 1997, but funds to finance such a project only became available when the city council sold a portion of its holdings in Kingston Communications. The council provided most of the funds, more than £42 million, with the rest stemming from government single regeneration budget grants and from the Football Stadium Improvement Fund. The council appointed John Topliss to head the stadium construction project. He and his team partnered with consulting firm Drivers Jonas to explore preliminary issues such as stadium location, seating capacity, and facilities offered. Stated Mr. Topliss: \"We had a totally blank canvas and, working with consultants, made a thorough assessment of what was needed.\" The project team considered over a dozen sites, inside and outside of the city, before settling on The Circle in West Park. Factors contributing to the decision include transport guidance, central government planning guidelines, existing athletic facilities, isolation from residential areas, and council ownership. The final recommendation of Drivers Jonas included additional facilities for both indoor and outdoor sports for the people of West Hull in addition to the main stadium, planned to seat from 25,000 to 30,000 spectators. Professional services firm Arup Associates provided initial concept proposals for the stadium. The Miller Partnership, an architectural and interior design firm, adopted these proposals during the stadium's design. In spite of obstacles during the course of the project, including Hull City A.F.C.'s receivership in 2001 (just after the granting of planning permission), the stadium complex was completed on time (in fourteen months) and on budget (at approximately GB£44 million). The stadium opened its doors on 18 December 2002. Hull City beat Sunderland A.F.C. 1–0 in a friendly match to mark the occasion. Steve Melton scored the goal, the first at the KC Stadium. The all-seater stadium consists of a single-tier, asymmetrical bowl that can seat approximately 20,000, with a second tier on the Cranswick plc West Stand that can seat approximately 5,000. Current capacity is 25,586. Plans provide for future expansion to a capacity of approximately 30,000 by the addition of a second tier on the Ideal Standard Community East Stand. Each stand has a name for corporate sponsorship purposes. On 4 July 2011, Hull City revealed that the stadium's west stand would be sponsored by the local Cranswick plc under a two-year agreement, which was extended on 26 July 2013. On 10 July 2013 it was announced the east stand would be sponsored by Ideal Standard and become known as the Ideal Standard Community East Stand. Corporate hospitality is provided by 28 executive boxes located between the two tiers of the Cranswick plc West Stand, while security of the stadium is handled using 57 closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras that cover the stadium. Over the summer of 2007, SMC installed an LED screen in the Smith & Nephew North Stand to replace the old electronic scoreboard. The screen has an area of approximately 40 m² (430 ft.²) and displays such content as live home game feeds, match highlights, interviews, and action replays. The stadium's seats are mostly black, with a band of white and amber seats around the circumference. White and amber seats form the word \"Hull\" in the north and south stands. In the Ideal Standard Community East Stand, the seats form an image of a coronet, a symbol of the city that also appears in the club crest for Hull F.C. and in the coat of arms of the city council. Black, white, and amber were chosen to remain neutral toward the colours of its two tenants: black and white for Hull F.C. and black and amber for Hull City A.F.C. The blue and gold of owner Hull City Council appear in the stadium's four external columns. The size of the playing surface is 114 x 74 metres (125 x 81 yd) and made of rye grass with a 3% additive of artificial grass. This provides ample room for a FIFA-regulation association football pitch of 105 x 68 metres (115 x 74 yd) and a standard rugby league football pitch of 100 x 68 metres (109 x 74 yd). The playing surface has an automated watering system and below-surface heating. Set within Hull's West Park, the stadium is the first in England to be built in a parkland setting. The stadium complex also includes the 1,500 seat Bonus Arena, a skate park, two multi-use all-weather pitches, a community learning zone complete with classrooms, a health & fitness suite, a cyber cafe, and a library. The KCOM Stadium has received several honours. It was named the chief new development in Yorkshire at the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Pro-Yorkshire Awards. It was also on the shortlist for the Prime Minister's Award for Better Public Building and received a high commendation in the British Construction Industry Awards in the Best Value category. In a 2005 poll that was carried out by Drivers Jonas and decided by football fans from across the country, the KC Stadium was rated highest in comfort, services and view among all grounds in the Football League and was also rated the most-improved venue. On 13 August 2013 a Goal Decision System by Hawk-Eye was installed in the ground ahead of the 2013–14 Premier League season which requires the use of goal-line technology to indicate if a goal is scored. The stadium replaced Boothferry Park as home to Hull City Association Football Club, and was the backdrop for the club's recent climb through the English Football League. It first hosted the club's home games during the second half of the 2002–03 season; the first competitive match was against Hartlepool United, a game that Hull City won by a score of 2–0. Hull City, nicknamed \"the Tigers\", attracted an average attendance of almost 17,000 in their first full season at the KC Stadium, 2003–04. This figure is more than three times the average Third Division attendance for that season, and was only matched or exceeded by clubs in the Premier League and the First Division. However, the level of support was not matched by on-field performances; the Tigers finished 13th in their first season at the KC Stadium. However, in 2003–04 (their first full season at the new ground), Hull won promotion as Third Division runners-up, securing their place in the newly named League One (previously the Second Division). A second successive promotion to the Championship, again as runners-up, followed in 2004–05. Attendances for Hull City's league games at the KCOM Stadium have averaged above 16,000 in each full season they have played there, apart from the 2017–18 season. The stadium hosted Premier League football in the 2008–09 and 2009–10 seasons, with all 20,500",
"for that season, and was only matched or exceeded by clubs in the Premier League and the First Division. However, the level of support was not matched by on-field performances; the Tigers finished 13th in their first season at the KC Stadium. However, in 2003–04 (their first full season at the new ground), Hull won promotion as Third Division runners-up, securing their place in the newly named League One (previously the Second Division). A second successive promotion to the Championship, again as runners-up, followed in 2004–05. Attendances for Hull City's league games at the KCOM Stadium have averaged above 16,000 in each full season they have played there, apart from the 2017–18 season. The stadium hosted Premier League football in the 2008–09 and 2009–10 seasons, with all 20,500 available season tickets selling out shortly after Hull City's Championship play-off victory at Wembley Stadium. The record attendance for a Premier League match is 25,030 set on 9 May 2010 for the last match of the season against Liverpool beating the previous record of 25,023 set on 13 March 2010 against Arsenal. While playing in the Championship, the record stood at 24,350 on 26 April 2008 for the visit of Crystal Palace, beating that of 24,311 on 30 January 2007 for the visit of local rivals Leeds United. Segregation between home fans and away fans prevents the stadium's stated capacity from being reached. Plans have been prepared for the potential extension of the stadium following Hull City's promotion to the Premier League. 4,500 seats could be added in a second tier to the east stand, and 2,000 seats each in the north and south stands, giving the stadium a capacity of approximately 34,000. In 2011, the club's owner Assem Allam announced that he wanted to buy the stadium freehold so he could develop, as he stated, \"a sports park\" on the site. After Hull City Council refused, Allam stated \"I had in mind £30 million to spend on the infrastructure of the club, to increase the stadium by 10,000 and to have commercial activities around the stadium – cafeterias, shops, supermarkets – to have all this to create income for the club so that in the future it can be self-financing and not relying on me.\" On 9 August 2013, Allam announced that the club will discard its 109-year-old name and, henceforth, be \"marketed\" as Hull City Tigers locally and Hull Tigers to national and international audiences. Announcing the change in the \"Hull Daily Mail\" newspaper, he said: \"'Hull City' is irrelevant...it is common. I want the club to be special. It is about identity. 'City' is a lousy identity. 'Hull City Association Football Club' is so long.\" The club's Managing Director Nick Thompson urged supporters \"to judge it in the fullness of time.\" The announcement stated that all references to \"AFC\" on club branding will be phased out, although they will remain on the shirt crest during their first season back in the Premier League. Allam justified the name change as part of his plans to create \"additional sources of revenue\" for the club. He dismissed fans' protests against the name change, stating \"nobody questions my decisions in my business.\" Professional rugby league's Hull Football Club play their home games at the KCOM Stadium, having moved from the Boulevard. During their time at the KCOM Stadium, they have consistently ended each season on a high note: in 2003, the team just missed play-off qualification; in 2004, the club finished third. They finished fourth in 2005, and enjoyed even greater success in the Challenge Cup, in which they beat the Leeds Rhinos in the final. Hull F.C. reached the European Super League Grand Final in 2006. Attendances average around 14,000, but are often well above that figure when the club hosts local rivals Hull Kingston Rovers, this local derby producing a record crowd of 23,004 for 2 September 2007 fixture. It hosted four England under-21 internationals. The results were as follows. The KCOM Stadium is now also a regular venue for international rugby league games, and has hosted Great Britain matches in both the Tri-Nations and the Ashes competitions. The stadium hosted the 2004 Tri-Nations match in which New Zealand lost by a score of 26–24. The stadium also hosted the Tri-Nations game between Great Britain and Australia in 2005; the final score was 26–14 to Australia. On Saturday 9 November 2013, the stadium hosted the England versus Fiji Rugby League World Cup match, in which England won 34–12 in front of an attendance of 25,114. Before the match, there was a minute's silence, followed by spontaneous applause, to mark the early death of former England International Steve Prescott. In 2009, the KC Stadium was shortlisted as a possible venue for games at the 2018 FIFA World Cup should England win the right to host it, but when the list of venues was announced on 16 December that year, the KC Stadium was not included. It has also played host to two exhibition Twenty20 cricket matches between Yorkshire County Cricket Club and Lashings World XI. As well as serving as a sporting venue, the KCOM Stadium also hosts musical events, including such artists as Sir Elton John, Bryan Adams, Neil Diamond, R.E.M., Bon Jovi, and The Who. JLS have also performed here in front of 20,000 fans as part of their 2010 JLS Tour. Rod Stewart performed at the stadium on 14 June 2016 and Jeff Lynne's ELO played at the stadium on 1 July 2017. List of test, league and International tournament matches played at KCOM Stadium since its opening in 2002. KCOM Stadium The KCOM Stadium (also known as the Hull City Stadium due to UEFA sponsorship regulations) is a multi-purpose facility in the city of Kingston upon Hull, England. The stadium was previously called the KC Stadium, but was renamed as part of a major rebrand by the stadium's sponsors, telecommunications provider KCOM, on 4 April 2016. Conceived in the late 1990s, it was completed in 2002 at a cost of approximately £44 million. The stadium is"
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"Mohammad-Ali Rajai Mohammad-Ali Rajai (; 15 June 1933 – 30 August 1981) was the second President of Iran from 2 to 30 August 1981 after serving as prime minister under Abolhassan Banisadr. He was also minister of foreign affairs from 11 March 1981 to 15 August 1981, while he was prime minister. He was assassinated in a bombing on 30 August 1981 along with prime minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar. Mohammad-Ali Rajai was born on 15 June 1933 in Qazvin, Iran. His father, Abdulsamad, died when he was 4 years old after which he lived with his mother and brother. Rajai grew up in Qazvin, and moved to Tehran in 1946. After moving to Tehran, he had a close relationship with the anti-Shah groups and parties. He was known with Ayatollah Mahmoud Taleghani. In 1958, he moved to Bijar for a short period, but after a year, he moved back to Tehran and graduated with a degree in education from Tarbiat Moallem University in 1959. He became a member of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MKO). In 1960, he also joined Freedom Movement of Iran. He was arrested by the Shah's forces for three times for his opposition activities. Rajai was finally detained in May 1974, but was set free after four years. Rajaei spent his preliminary studies in Qazvin. His father died when he was four years old. He traveled to Tehran in 1948 and he was employed by the air force one year later. While he could obtain his diplomat degree, he resigned from the air force. During those years he became familiar with Ayatollah Taleghani and the Fadaeian group. He became a mathematics teacher in Bijar in 1955. He continued his studies in Tehran where he had the opportunity to get familiar with Mehdi bazargan and Sahabi. He completed his education in mathematics in 1959. He was a teacher in Khvansar in 1960. He continued his education in the field of statistics at the master level meanwhile he taught at Kamal school in Tehran. He became a member of Freedom Movement of Iran in 1962 and married at that time. He was arrested in 1962 and was imprisoned for fifty days by SAVAK. After release, along with Muhammad Javad Bahonar and Jalal Al Din Farsi, he became concerned with political and cultural activities. He was arrested for the second time in 1972 because of co-operation with Mujahedin group and was imprisoned for 4 years. Finally, he was released in 1979 when the Islamic revolution of Iran was reaching its last days. He was actively involved in the Iranian Revolution and was a leader in the movement to purge Iranian universities of American and European influences, which was later called the Cultural Revolution. Rajaei appointed to important occupations after the victory of Islamic revolution. The occupations were as follow: At the beginning, Gholam Hosein Shokohi was the minister of education, and Rajaei was one of his chancellors. After Shokohi's resigning due to illness, Muhammad Ali Rajaei was appointed as the supervisor of the ministry of education. He was introduced by Muhammad Javad Bahonar, and he became the supervisor of education ministry from 18th shahrivar month to 7th mehr at 1357 solar. Finally, Mehdi Bazargan presented him as the minister of education in his cabinet. His programs in the ministry of education included fair distribution of facilities, fair distribution of finance among staffs, reforming of centers of educating teachers, creating a suitable pedagogical system for Muslim society, developing of Islamic ethics among teachers and pupils, creating a good relation between parents and teachers and respect to dignity of teachers according to Islam. These schedules were very important for Rajaei, and he tried to realize them. He was in charge of the ministry for nine months. The most important achievements were the consistency of all schools and also trying to do away with discrimination and differences. He also tried to change the contents of educational books and also made attempts of Islamization of their contents. In 1979, Rajai left the Freedom Movement. Following the Iranian Revolution, he was appointed minister of education in the government of Mehdi Bazargan, and although Bazargan's cabinet resigned on 6 November 1979, he did not resign and remained in the post until 12 August 1980 when he became prime minister. Following the presidency of Bani Sadr, after 5 months, he nominated Rajai for the position, and parliament voted him in. He appointed Khodapanahi as foreign minister, Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani as interior minister and Javad Fakori as defence minister. During his prime ministership, the Iran–Iraq War started and his government's first policy became the \"victory and defence\". He was in office until 2 August 1981 when he became the second president of Iran. Bani Sadr was impeached on 22 June 1981 by parliament, and Khomeini held a Provisional Presidential Council by 6 people headed by Mohammad Beheshti and later Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili. Rajai was one of the members of that Council. He nominated himself for the presidential election in 1981. He was the first president from the Islamic Republican Party after winning 91% of the votes. He officially became the president after the Oath of Office in 2 August 1981. He named Mohammad-Javad Bahonar to the Parliament to become the next prime minister. Parliament voted in to Bahonar and he formed a new government. On 30 August 1981, President Rajai held a meeting of Iran's Supreme Defence Council, along with the Prime Minister Mohammad Javad Bahonar. Witnesses later stated that a trusted aide brought a briefcase into the conference room, set it between the two leaders, and then left. Another person opened the case, triggering a bomb that set the room ablaze and killed Rajai, Bahonar, and three others. This attack occurred two months after the Hafte Tir bombing. The assassin was identified as Massoud Keshmiri, an operative of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (also known as the MKO, MEK and PMOI), who had infiltrated the Prime Minister's office in the guise of a state security official. Rajai was buried in Behesht-e Zahra. His political programs were based on constitutional law with a position of privilege for Islam—he insisted on that those who would be in control of the state be Muslim. He also emphasized on the \"Velayate Faghih\" and believed that the Islamic government have to cooperates with revolutionary institutions like Islamic revolutionary guard, Islamic courts etc. He respected the freedom of all peoples as far as those freedoms didn't deny Islamic law. He also tried to create a consistent government in his tenure. Mohammad-Ali Rajai Mohammad-Ali Rajai (; 15 June 1933 – 30 August 1981) was"
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"Actim Index The Actim Index is the official player ratings system of The Premier League, The Championship, and Scottish Premier League. It is compiled and distributed by PA Sport, a subsidiary of the Press Association. In 2010, it was renamed as the EA Sports Player Performance Index. The EA Index ranks players on a weekly basis, according to their performances on the pitch, both by position and in an overall chart, throughout the season. The EA Index rankings are based on a player's aggregate score for all matches played. Each player's contribution to matches is calculated using a mathematical formula developed by PA Sport, alongside statisticians from Salford University. Contributions which are examined include goals, shots, passes, dribbles, tackles, crosses, saves, clearances, blocks, interceptions, time on the pitch and number of points gained by their team. The formula has not been made public, and the lack of public scrutiny had rendered the index largely irrelevant. Strikers tend to do well on the index, as in the 2007–08 season; the highest rated performers were Cristiano Ronaldo, Emmanuel Adebayor, Fernando Torres, Roque Santa Cruz, and Carlos Tevez. Gareth Barry and Cesc Fàbregas are the highest rated non-forwards; there are four defenders in the top 20. The basis of the index is that players are awarded points for contributions that influence the match outcome; the greater the influence of a contribution, the greater the points awarded for that contribution. It is perhaps not surprising therefore that strikers have a tendency to lead the index. Two additional calculations were added for the 2006–07 season, which take into account player assists, clean sheets for defenders and goalkeepers. This has increased the amount of variables by which a player is now measured. The data is collected by a representative from the Professional Footballers' Association (PFA), usually an ex-player, at every Premiership and Championship league match. Video footage is then used to verify the information, before the Index is generated and published. The list of the Top 100 players and Top 5 players by position is updated during the football season every Tuesday, for the Barclays Premiership and every Thursday, for the Coca-Cola Championship, and is available on the FAPL website. PA Sport also distributes weekly media advisories, which contain updates on the latest player rankings. The Premiership and Championship Index Alerts are published every week, following the announcement of the Index for each league. The six calculations which generate the Index are: Actim Index The Actim Index is the official player ratings system of The Premier League, The Championship, and Scottish Premier League. It is compiled and distributed by PA Sport, a subsidiary of the Press Association. In 2010, it was renamed as the EA Sports Player Performance Index. The EA Index ranks players on a weekly basis, according to their performances on the pitch, both by position and in an overall chart, throughout the season. The EA Index rankings are based on a player's aggregate score for all matches played. Each player's contribution to matches"
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"Young and Willing Young and Willing is a 1943 American comedy film produced and directed by Edward H. Griffith and starring William Holden, Eddie Bracken, Robert Benchley, and Susan Hayward. With a screenplay by Virginia Van Upp based on the play \"Out of the Frying Pan\" by Francis Swann, the film is about young, aspiring actors—three men and three women—who combine their resources and move into the same apartment, hoping to keep the landlady in the dark until they can become famous. \"Young and Willing\" was made by Paramount Pictures (as Cinema Guild Productions) and distributed by United Artists. Struggling young actors (three males and three females) share an apartment to make ends meet. This scenario is pretty daring considering the conservative and censorious attitudes of that period. The landlady provides a play to the actors that turns out to have been left behind long ago by a destitute, evicted tenant (Robert Benchley). That former tenant is now a successful theater producer and playwright who has recently taken a room in his old haunts to recharge his creativity and try to rewrite his first play—one that the landlady had kept when he was evicted. The young actors attempt to sell his own play to him. Complications begin when Cousin Muriel (Florence MacMichael) visits and discovers the sinful cohabitation; she tattles to her folks, who charge over to investigate and drag the daughters home. Silliness and mayhem ensue, propelled by Muriel's actions and highlighted by her unique little-girl, tattletale voice. The play on which the film is based opened at the Windsor Theatre, New York City, on February 11, 1941, with Alfred Drake, Barbara Bel Geddes, and Mabel Paige in the cast. Young and Willing Young and Willing is a 1943 American comedy film produced and directed by Edward H. Griffith"
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"Early modern Britain Early modern Britain is the history of the island of Great Britain roughly corresponding to the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Major historical events in Early Modern British history include numerous wars, especially with France, along with the English Renaissance, the English Reformation and Scottish Reformation, the English Civil War, the Restoration of Charles II, the Glorious Revolution, the Treaty of Union, the Scottish Enlightenment and the formation and collapse of the First British Empire. The term, \"English Renaissance\" is used by many historians to refer to a cultural movement in England in the 16th and 17th centuries that was heavily influenced by the Italian Renaissance. This movement is characterised by the flowering of English music (particularly the English adoption and development of the madrigal), notable achievements in drama (by William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, and Ben Jonson), and the development of English epic poetry (most famously Edmund Spenser's \"The Faerie Queene\"). The idea of the Renaissance has come under increased criticism by many cultural historians, and some have contended that the \"English Renaissance\" has no real tie with the artistic achievements and aims of the northern Italian artists (Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello) who are closely identified with the Renaissance. Other cultural historians have countered that, regardless of whether the name \"renaissance\" is apt, there was undeniably an artistic flowering in England under the Tudor monarchs, culminating in Shakespeare and his contemporaries. Some scholars date the beginning of Early Modern Britain to the end of the Wars of the Roses and the crowning of Henry Tudor in 1485 after his victory at the battle of Bosworth Field. Henry VII's largely peaceful reign ended decades of civil war and brought the peace and stability to England that art and commerce need to thrive. A major war on English soil would not occur again until the English Civil War of the 17th century. During this period Henry VII and his son Henry VIII greatly increased the power of the English monarchy. A similar pattern was unfolding on the continent as new technologies, such as gunpowder, and social and ideological changes undermined the power of the feudal nobility and enhanced that of the sovereign. Henry VIII also made use of the Protestant Reformation to seize the power of the Roman Catholic Church, confiscating the property of the monasteries and declaring himself the head of the new Anglican Church. Under the Tudors the English state was centralized and rationalized as a bureaucracy built up and the government became run and managed by educated functionaries. The most notable new institution was the Star Chamber. The new power of the monarch was given a basis by the notion of the divine right of kings to rule over their subjects. James I was a major proponent of this idea and wrote extensively on it. The same forces that had reduced the power of the traditional aristocracy also served to increase the power of the commercial classes. The rise of trade and the central importance of money to the operation of the government gave this new class great power, but power that was not reflected in the government structure. This would lead to a long contest during the 17th century between the forces of the monarch and parliament. The Elizabethan Era is the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and is known to be a golden age in English history. It was the height of the English Renaissance and saw the flowering of English literature and poetry. This was also the time during which Elizabethan theatre was famous and William Shakespeare, among others, composed plays that broke away from England's past style of plays and theatre. It was an age of expansion and exploration abroad, while at home the Protestant Reformation became entrenched in the national mindset. The Elizabethan Age is viewed so highly because of the contrasts with the periods before and after. It was a brief period of largely internal peace between the English Reformation and the battles between Protestants and Catholics and the battles between parliament and the monarchy that engulfed the 17th century. The Protestant/Catholic divide was settled, for a time, by the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, and parliament was not yet strong enough to challenge royal absolutism. England was also well-off compared to the other nations of Europe. The Italian Renaissance had come to an end under the weight of foreign domination of the peninsula. France was embroiled in its own religious battles that would only be settled in 1598 with the Edict of Nantes. In part because of this, but also because the English had been expelled from their last outposts on the continent, the centuries long conflict between France and England was largely suspended for most of Elizabeth's reign. The one great rival was Spain, with which England conflicted both in Europe and the Americas in skirmishes that exploded into the Anglo-Spanish War of 1585–1604. An attempt by Philip II of Spain to invade England with the Spanish Armada in 1588 was famously defeated, but the tide of war turned against England with a disastrously unsuccessful attack upon Spain, the Drake-Norris Expedition of 1589. Thereafter Spain provided some support for Irish Catholics in a draining guerrilla war against England, and Spanish naval and land forces inflicted a series of defeats upon English forces. This badly damaged both the English Exchequer and economy that had been so carefully restored under Elizabeth's prudent guidance. English colonisation and trade would be frustrated until the signing of the Treaty of London the year following Elizabeth's death. England during this period had a centralised, well-organised, and effective government, largely a result of the reforms of Henry VII and Henry VIII. Economically, the country began to benefit greatly from the new era of trans-Atlantic trade. Scotland advanced markedly in educational terms during the 15th century with the founding of the University of St Andrews in 1413, the University of Glasgow in 1450 and the University of Aberdeen in 1495, and with the passing of the Education Act 1496. In 1468 the last great acquisition of Scottish territory occurred when James III married Margaret of Denmark, receiving the Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands in payment of her dowry. After the death of James III in 1488, during or after the Battle of Sauchieburn, his successor James IV successfully ended the quasi-independent rule of the Lord of the Isles, bringing the Western Isles under effective Royal control for the first time. In 1503, he married Henry VII's daughter, Margaret Tudor, thus laying the foundation for the 17th century Union of the Crowns. James IV's reign is often considered to be a period of cultural flourishing, and it was around this period that the European Renaissance began to infiltrate Scotland. James IV was the last known Scottish king known to speak Gaelic, although some suggest his son could also. In 1512, under a treaty extending the Auld Alliance, all nationals of Scotland and France also became nationals of each other's countries, a status not repealed in France until 1903 and which may never have been repealed in Scotland. However a year later, the Auld Alliance had more disastrous effects when James IV was required to launch an invasion of England to support the French when they were attacked by the English under Henry VIII. The invasion was stopped decisively at the battle of Flodden Field during which the King, many of his nobles, and over 10,000 troops—\"The Flowers of the Forest\"—were killed. The extent of the disaster impacted throughout Scotland because of the large numbers killed, and once again Scotland's government lay in the hands of regents. The song \"The Flooers o' the Forest\" commemorated this, an echo of the poem \"Y Gododdin\" on a similar tragedy in about 600. When James V",
"of each other's countries, a status not repealed in France until 1903 and which may never have been repealed in Scotland. However a year later, the Auld Alliance had more disastrous effects when James IV was required to launch an invasion of England to support the French when they were attacked by the English under Henry VIII. The invasion was stopped decisively at the battle of Flodden Field during which the King, many of his nobles, and over 10,000 troops—\"The Flowers of the Forest\"—were killed. The extent of the disaster impacted throughout Scotland because of the large numbers killed, and once again Scotland's government lay in the hands of regents. The song \"The Flooers o' the Forest\" commemorated this, an echo of the poem \"Y Gododdin\" on a similar tragedy in about 600. When James V finally managed to escape from the custody of the regents with the aid of his redoubtable mother in 1528, he once again set about subduing the rebellious Highlands, Western and Northern isles, as his father had had to do. He married the French noblewoman Marie de Guise. His reign was fairly successful, until another disastrous campaign against England led to defeat at the battle of Solway Moss (1542). James died a short time later. The day before his death, he was brought news of the birth of an heir: a daughter, who became Mary, Queen of Scots. James is supposed to have remarked in Scots that \"\"it cam wi a lass, it will gang wi a lass\"\"—referring to the House of Stewart which began with Walter Stewart's marriage to the daughter of Robert the Bruce. Once again, Scotland was in the hands of a regent, James Hamilton, Earl of Arran. Within two years, the Rough Wooing, Henry VIII's military attempt to force a marriage between Mary and his son, Edward, had begun. This took the form of border skirmishing. To avoid the \"rough wooing\", Mary was sent to France at the age of five, as the intended bride of the heir to the French throne. Her mother stayed in Scotland to look after the interests of Mary—and of France—although the Earl of Arran acted officially as regent. In 1547, after the death of Henry VIII, forces under the English regent Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset were victorious at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, the climax of the \"Rough Wooing\" and followed up by occupying Edinburgh. However it was to no avail since much of Scotland was still an unstable environment. She did not do well and after only seven turbulent years, at the end of which Protestants had gained complete control of Scotland, she had perforce to abdicate. Imprisoned for a time in Loch Leven Castle, she eventually escaped and attempted to regain the throne by force. After her defeat at the Battle of Langside in 1568 she took refuge in England, leaving her young son, James VI, in the hands of regents. In England she became a focal point for Catholic conspirators and was eventually executed on the orders of her kinswoman Elizabeth I. During the 16th century, Scotland underwent a Protestant Reformation. In the earlier part of the century, the teachings of first Martin Luther and then John Calvin began to influence Scotland. The execution of a number of Protestant preachers, most notably the Lutheran influenced Patrick Hamilton in 1528 and later the proto-Calvinist George Wishart in 1546 who was burnt at the stake in St. Andrews by Cardinal Beaton for heresy, did nothing to stem the growth of these ideas. Beaton was assassinated shortly after the execution of George Wishart. The eventual Reformation of the Scottish Church followed a brief civil war in 1559–60, in which English intervention on the Protestant side was decisive. A Reformed confession of faith was adopted by Parliament in 1560, while the young Mary, Queen of Scots, was still in France. The most influential figure was John Knox, who had been a disciple of both John Calvin and George Wishart. Roman Catholicism was not totally eliminated, and remained strong particularly in parts of the highlands. The Reformation remained somewhat precarious through the reign of Queen Mary, who remained Roman Catholic but tolerated Protestantism. Following her deposition in 1567, her infant son James VI was raised as a Protestant. In 1603, following the death of the childless Queen Elizabeth I, the crown of England passed to James. He took the title James I of England and James VI of Scotland, thus unifying these two countries under his personal rule. For a time, this remained the only political connection between two independent nations, but it foreshadowed the eventual 1707 union of Scotland and England under the banner of the Great Britain. The Union of the Crowns refers to the accession of James VI, King of Scots, to the throne as King James I of England while remaining King James VI of Scotland. One man ruled two separate kingdoms with separate governments and cabinets. The two countries remained distinct and separate until the Acts of Union in 1707. Within eight hours of the death of Elizabeth, James was proclaimed king in London, the news received without protest or disturbance. The Jacobean era refers to the years of the reign of James I in England, 1603–1625. The Jacobean era succeeds the Elizabethan era and precedes the Caroline era, and specifically denotes a style of architecture, visual arts, decorative arts, and literature that is predominant of that period. The Caroline era refers to the years of the reign of King Charles I over both countries, 1625—1642. It was followed by the English Civil War (1642–1651) and the English Interregnum (1651–1660), when there was no king. The English Civil War consisted of a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians (known as Roundheads) and Royalists (known as Cavaliers) between 1642 and 1651. The first (1642–1646) and second (1648–1649) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war (1649–1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. The \"Diggers\" were a group begun by Gerrard Winstanley in 1649 who attempted to reform the existing social order with an agrarian lifestyle based upon their ideas for the creation of small egalitarian rural communities. They were one of a number of nonconformist dissenting groups that emerged around this time. The English Interregnum was the period of parliamentary and military rule in the land occupied by modern-day England and Wales after the English Civil War. It began with the regicide of Charles I in 1649 and ended with the restoration of Charles II in 1660. The Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son Charles II, and the replacement of the English monarchy with first the Commonwealth of England (1649–1653) and then with a Protectorate (1653–1659), under the personal rule of Oliver Cromwell. Upon his death, his son took over, but proved a weak ruler with very little support. The military and religious elements that supported Cromwell began disputing with each other. In 1660, the remaining members of the Long Parliament (1640–1660) rejected the anarchy and confusion since Cromwell's death. Elite and popular opinion called for a restoration of the monarchy under the Stuarts. There was widespread revulsion against the intense moralism and high taxes of the Rule of the Major Generals in 1657. Nostalgia for Royal traditionalism was strong. Gen. George Monck, a former supporter of Cromwell, led the movement for a royal restoration. Charles II in exile paid close attention to the developments and readied himself to take the throne. From Breda in Holland he issued the Declaration of Breda, promising generosity and indicating his willingness to leave the settlement to Parliament. The Convention Parliament, which had been elected to negotiate with the King, invited Charles to",
"members of the Long Parliament (1640–1660) rejected the anarchy and confusion since Cromwell's death. Elite and popular opinion called for a restoration of the monarchy under the Stuarts. There was widespread revulsion against the intense moralism and high taxes of the Rule of the Major Generals in 1657. Nostalgia for Royal traditionalism was strong. Gen. George Monck, a former supporter of Cromwell, led the movement for a royal restoration. Charles II in exile paid close attention to the developments and readied himself to take the throne. From Breda in Holland he issued the Declaration of Breda, promising generosity and indicating his willingness to leave the settlement to Parliament. The Convention Parliament, which had been elected to negotiate with the King, invited Charles to return, He landed at Dover amid great enthusiasm on May 26, 1660. The new parliament, known as the Cavalier Parliament enacted the Clarendon Code, designed to shore up the position of the re-established Church of England. Strict rules were set up such that only genuine members of the established Church could hold office. The major foreign policy issue was The trade rivalry with the Dutch, leading to the inconclusive Second Anglo-Dutch War of 1665-67. The only positive result was the acquisition of new Netherland, which became New York. Coincidental with the war with the Dutch, was the Great Plague of London of 1665-66, which at its worst cost 1000 deaths a day in London. On top of that, the Great Fire of London burned out the main commercial districts of London; it destroyed 13,000 buildings, but few lives were lost. In 1670, King Charles entered into the secret treaty of Dover, an alliance with his first cousin King Louis XIV of France. Louis agreed to aid him in the Third Anglo-Dutch War and pay him a pension, and Charles secretly promised to convert to Catholicism at an unspecified future date; he did so on his deathbed. Charles attempted to introduce religious equality for Catholics and non-Anglican Protestant dissenters with his 1672 Royal Declaration of Indulgence. Elite opinion rejected it and Parliament forced him to withdraw it. In 1679, Titus Oates's highly exaggerated revelations of a supposed \"Popish Plot\" sparked the Exclusion Crisis when it was revealed that Charles's brother and heir (James, Duke of York) was a Catholic. The issue was whether or not to exclude James from succession to the throne. The crisis sparked the creation of the first political parties: the pro-exclusion Whig Party demanded that James never reach the throne. The anti-exclusion Tory party believed it was against God's will to interfere with the legitimate succession, and supported both the King and James. After the discovery of the failed 1683 Rye House Plot to murder Charles and James, some Whig leaders were executed or forced into exile. Charles dissolved Parliament in 1681, and ruled alone until his death on 6 February 1685. When Charles II died in 1685 his brother became King James II; He ruled with the support of the Tory party. He forced a series of highly unpopular proposals that would restore Catholicism to England. The Monmouth Rebellion broke out in western areas that was brutally suppressed. Elite opinion strongly turned against the king, and in late 1688 the elites invited William III and Mary II to govern. James went into exile in France, where his claims to the English throne were promoted by King Louis XIV. In England the claims were upheld by the Jacobite faction of Tories, who in alliance with France were a military threat to the throne for the next half-century. William III ruled 1689–1702, while his wife Queen Mary II was the nominal co-ruler until her death in 1694. Constitutionally, the Glorious Revolution established a precedent that British monarchs could not govern without the consent of Parliament, as enacted through the Glorious Revolution of 1688, the passage of the English Bill of Rights, and the Hanoverian succession. The Anglo-Dutch Wars were a series of three wars which took place between the English and the Dutch from 1652 to 1674. The causes included political disputes and increasing competition from merchant shipping. Religion was not a factor, since both sides were Protestant. The British in the first war (1652–54) had the naval advantage with larger numbers of more powerful \"ships of the line\" which were well suited to the naval tactics of the era.. The British also captured numerous Dutch merchant ships. In the second war (1665–67) Dutch naval victories followed. This second war cost London ten times more than it had planned on, and the king sued for peace in 1667 with the Treaty of Breda. It ended the fights over \"mercantilism\" (that is, the use of force to protect and expand national trade, industry, and shipping.) Meanwhile, the French were building up fleets that threatened both the Netherlands and Great Britain. In third war (1672–74), The British counted on a new alliance with France but the outnumbered Dutch outsailed both of them, and King Charles II ran short of money and political support. The Dutch gained domination of sea trading routes until 1713. The British gained the thriving colony of New Netherland, and renamed it New York. The 18th century was characterised by numerous major wars, especially with France, with the growth and collapse of the First British Empire, with the origins of the Second British Empire, and with steady economic and social growth at home. Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict – waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance – left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century would see England (after 1707, Great Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the imperial stage. In 1701, England, Portugal and the Netherlands sided with the Holy Roman Empire against Spain and France in the War of the Spanish Succession. The conflict, which France and Spain were to lose, lasted until 1714. The British Empire was territorially enlarged: from France, gaining Newfoundland and Acadia, and from Spain, Gibraltar and Menorca. Gibraltar, which is still a British overseas territory to this day, became a critical naval base and allowed Britain to control the Atlantic entry and exit point to the Mediterranean. The united Kingdom of Great Britain was born on May 1, 1707, shortly after the parliaments of Scotland and England had ratified the Treaty of Union of 1706 by each approving Acts of Union combining the two parliaments and the two royal titles. Deeper political integration had been a key policy of Queen Anne (reigned 1702–14). Under the aegis of the Queen and her advisors a Treaty of Union was drawn up, and negotiations between England and Scotland began in earnest in 1706. Scottish proponents of union believed that failure to accede to the Bill would result in the imposition of union under less favourable terms, and months of fierce debate in both capital cities and throughout both kingdoms followed. In Scotland, the debate on occasion dissolved into civil disorder, most notably by the notorious 'Edinburgh Mob'. The prospect of a union of the kingdoms was deeply unpopular among the Scottish population at large, and talk of an uprising was widespread. However Scotland could not long continue. Following the financially disastrous Darien Scheme, the near-bankrupt Parliament of Scotland reluctantly accepted the proposals. Supposed financial payoffs to Scottish parliamentarians were later referred to by Robert Burns when he wrote \"We're bought and sold for English gold, Such a Parcel of Rogues in a Nation! Recent historians, however, have emphasised the legitimacy of the vote. The Acts of Union took effect in 1707,",
"fierce debate in both capital cities and throughout both kingdoms followed. In Scotland, the debate on occasion dissolved into civil disorder, most notably by the notorious 'Edinburgh Mob'. The prospect of a union of the kingdoms was deeply unpopular among the Scottish population at large, and talk of an uprising was widespread. However Scotland could not long continue. Following the financially disastrous Darien Scheme, the near-bankrupt Parliament of Scotland reluctantly accepted the proposals. Supposed financial payoffs to Scottish parliamentarians were later referred to by Robert Burns when he wrote \"We're bought and sold for English gold, Such a Parcel of Rogues in a Nation! Recent historians, however, have emphasised the legitimacy of the vote. The Acts of Union took effect in 1707, uniting the separate Parliaments and crowns of England and Scotland and forming the single Kingdom of Great Britain. Queen Anne (already Queen of both England and Scotland) became formally the first occupant of the unified British throne, with Scotland sending forty-five Members to join all existing Members from the parliament of England in the new House of Commons of Great Britain, as well as 16 representative peers to join all existing peers from the parliament of England in the new House of Lords. Dynastic security was a factor in Britain, as, indeed, it was in other countries. The House of Stuart had abdicated the throne when King James II (1633–1701) fled to France in 1688. However he and his son the \"Old Pretender\" (1688–1766) claimed to be the legitimate kings, and had the support of important elements in England, as well as King Louis XIV in France. The main issue was religion; the Stuarts had the support of Catholic Europe, while the Whigs in Britain were staunch opponents of Catholicism. The great majority of Tories refused to support the Jacobites publicly, although there were numerous quiet supporters. After the death of King William III (1702) and Queen Anne (1714), the succession went to the Protestant House of Hanover, starting with King George I in 1714. They were Germans who were not especially popular in Britain. The island nation was vulnerable only to a seaborne invasion, which the Jacobites plotted and attempted. The major attempts were the Jacobite rising of 1715 and the Jacobite rising of 1745. Both failed to rally significant popular support, and the Jacobite defeat at the Battle of Culloden in 1746 ending any realistic hope of a Stuart restoration. Historian Basil Williams says, \"there was never any serious danger to the dynasty.\" The era was prosperous as entrepreneurs extended the range of their business around the globe. By the 1720s Britain was one of the most prosperous countries in the world, and Daniel Defoe boasted: While the other major powers were primarily motivated toward territorial gains, and protection of their dynasties (such as the Habsburg and Bourbon dynasties, and the House of Hohenzollern), Britain had a different set of primary interests. Its main diplomatic goal (besides protecting the homeland from invasion) was building a worldwide trading network for its merchants, manufacturers, shippers and financiers. This required a hegemonic Royal Navy so powerful that no rival could sweep its ships from the world's trading routes, or invade the British Isles. The London government enhanced the private sector by incorporating numerous privately financed London-based companies for establishing trading posts and opening import-export businesses across the world. Each was given a monopoly of trade to the specified geographical region. The first enterprise was the Muscovy Company set up in 1555 to trade with Russia. Other prominent enterprises included the East India Company, and the Hudson's Bay Company in Canada. The Company of Royal Adventurers Trading to Africa had been set up in 1662 to trade in gold, ivory and slaves in Africa; it was reestablished as the Royal African Company in 1672 and focused on the slave trade. British involvement in the each of the four major wars, 1740 to 1783, paid off handsomely in terms of trade. Even the loss of the 13 colonies was made up by a very favorable trading relationship with the new United States of America. British gained dominance in the trade with India, and largely dominated the highly lucrative slave, sugar, and commercial trades originating in West Africa and the West Indies. China would be next on the agenda. Other powers set up similar monopolies on a much smaller scale; only the Netherlands emphasized trade as much as England. British exports soared from ₤6.5 million in 1700, to ₤14.7 million in 1760 and ₤43.2 million in 1800. There was one major fiasco that caused heavy losses. The South Sea Bubble was a business enterprise that exploded in scandal. The South Sea Company was a private business corporation supposedly set up much like the other trading companies, with a focus on South America. Its actual purpose was to renegotiate previous high-interest government loans amounting to ₤31 million through market manipulation and speculation. It issued stock four times in 1720 that reached about 8,000 investors. Prices kept soaring every day, from ₤130 a share to ₤1,000, with insiders making huge paper profits. The Bubble collapsed overnight, ruining many speculators. Investigations showed bribes had reached into high places—even to the king. His chief minister Robert Walpole managed to wind it down with minimal political and economic damage, although some losers fled to exile or committed suicide. An important result of the War of the Spanish Succession was enlarging England's role in the slave trade. Of special importance was the successful secret negotiation with France to obtain thirty-year monopoly on the Spanish slave trade, called the Asiento. Anne also allowed colonies like Virginia to make laws that promoted black slavery. Anne had secretly negotiated with France to get its approval regarding the \"Asiento.\" She boasted to Parliament of her success in taking the \"Asiento\" away from France and London celebrated her economic coup. Most of the slave trade involved sales to Spanish colonies in the Caribbean, and to Mexico, as well as sales to British colonies in the Caribbean and in North America. Historian Vinita Ricks says the agreement allotted Queen Anne \"22.5% (and King Philip V, of Spain 28%) of all profits collected for her personal fortune.\" Ricks concludes that the Queen's \"connection to slave trade revenue meant that she was no longer a neutral observer. She had a vested interest in what happened on slave ships.\" In addition to sales to the Spanish colonies, England had its own sugar islands in the Caribbean, especially Jamaica, Barbados, Nevis, and Antigua, which provided a steady flow of profits from the slave labor that produced the sugar. From 1700 to 1850, Britain was involved in 137 wars or rebellions. Apart from losing the American War of Independence, it was generally successful in warfare, and was especially successful in financing its military commitments. France and Spain, by contrast, went bankrupt. Britain maintained a relatively large and expensive Royal Navy, along with a small standing army. When the need arose for soldiers it hired mercenaries or financed allies who fielded armies. The rising costs of warfare forced a shift in government financing from the income from royal agricultural estates and special imposts and taxes to reliance on customs and excise taxes and, after 1790, an income tax. Working with bankers in the City, the government raised large loans during wartime and paid them off in peacetime. The rise in taxes amounted to 20% of national income, but the private sector benefited from the increase in economic growth. The demand for war supplies stimulated the industrial sector, particularly naval supplies, munitions and textiles, which gave Britain an advantage in international trade during the postwar years. The Seven Years' War, which",
"a small standing army. When the need arose for soldiers it hired mercenaries or financed allies who fielded armies. The rising costs of warfare forced a shift in government financing from the income from royal agricultural estates and special imposts and taxes to reliance on customs and excise taxes and, after 1790, an income tax. Working with bankers in the City, the government raised large loans during wartime and paid them off in peacetime. The rise in taxes amounted to 20% of national income, but the private sector benefited from the increase in economic growth. The demand for war supplies stimulated the industrial sector, particularly naval supplies, munitions and textiles, which gave Britain an advantage in international trade during the postwar years. The Seven Years' War, which began in 1756, was the first war waged on a global scale, fought in Europe, India, North America, the Caribbean, the Philippines and coastal Africa. The signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763) had important consequences for Britain and its empire. In North America, France's future as a colonial power there was effectively ended with the ceding of New France to Britain (leaving a sizeable French-speaking population under British control) and Louisiana to Spain. Spain ceded Florida to Britain. In India, the Carnatic War had left France still in control of its enclaves but with military restrictions and an obligation to support British client states, effectively leaving the future of India to Britain. The British victory over France in the Seven Years' War therefore left Britain as the world's dominant colonial power. During the 1760s and 1770s, relations between the Thirteen Colonies and Britain became increasingly strained, primarily because of resentment of the British Parliament's ability to tax American colonists without their consent. Disagreement turned to violence and in 1775 the American War of Independence began. The following year, the colonists declared the independence of the United States and with economic and naval assistance from France, would go on to win the war in 1783. The Treaties of Versailles were signed, also ending war with the French and Spanish. The Fourth Anglo-Dutch War ended the following year. The loss of the United States, at the time Britain's most populous colony, is seen by historians as the event defining the transition between the \"first\" and \"second\" empires, in which Britain shifted its attention away from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific and later Africa. Adam Smith's \"Wealth of Nations\", published in 1776, had argued that colonies were redundant, and that free trade should replace the old mercantilist policies that had characterised the first period of colonial expansion, dating back to the protectionism of Spain and Portugal. The growth of trade between the newly independent United States and Britain after 1783 confirmed Smith's view that political control was not necessary for economic success. During its 1st century of operation, the focus of the British East India Company had been trade, not the building of an empire in India. Company interests turned from trade to territory during the 18th century as the Mughal Empire declined in power and the British East India Company struggled with its French counterpart, \"La Compagnie française des Indes orientales\", during the Carnatic Wars of the 1740s and 1750s. The Battle of Plassey, which saw the British, led by Robert Clive, defeat the French and their Indian allies, left the Company in control of Bengal and a major military and political power in India. In the following decades it gradually increased the size of the territories under its control, either ruling directly or indirectly via local puppet rulers under the threat of force of the Indian Army, 80% of which was composed of native Indian sepoys. In 1770, James Cook became the first European to visit the eastern coast of Australia whilst on a scientific voyage to the South Pacific. In 1778, Joseph Banks, Cook's botanist on the voyage, presented evidence to the government on the suitability of Botany Bay for the establishment of a penal settlement, and in 1787 the first shipment of convicts set sail, arriving in 1788. At the threshold to the 19th century, Britain was challenged again by France under Napoleon, in a struggle that, unlike previous wars, represented a contest of ideologies between the two nations. It was not only Britain's position on the world stage that was threatened: Napoleon threatened invasion of Britain itself, and with it, a fate similar to the countries of continental Europe that his armies had overrun. The Napoleonic Wars were therefore ones that Britain invested large amounts of capital and resources to win. French ports were blockaded by the Royal Navy, which won a decisive victory over the French fleet at Trafalgar in 1805. Recently historians have undertaken a deeper exploration of the growth of state power. They especially look at the \"long 18th century\", from about 1660 to 1837 from four fresh perspectives. The first approach, developed by Oliver MacDonagh, presented an expansive and centralized administrative state while deemphasizing the influence of Benthamite utilitarianism. The second approach, as developed by Edward Higgs, conceptualizes the state as an information-gathering entity, paying special attention to local registrars and the census. He brings in such topics as spies, surveillance of Catholics, the 1605 Gunpowder Plot led by Guy Fawkes to overthrow the government, and the Poor Laws, and demonstrates similarities to the surveillance society of the 21st century. John Brewer introduced the third approach with his depiction of the unexpectedly powerful, centralized 'fiscal-military' state during the eighteenth century. Finally, there have been numerous recent studies that explore the state as an abstract entity capable of commanding the loyalties of those people over whom it rules. Early modern Britain Early modern Britain is the history of the island of Great Britain roughly corresponding to the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Major historical events in Early Modern British history include numerous wars, especially with France, along with the English Renaissance, the English Reformation and Scottish Reformation, the English Civil War,"
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"Castle Hill, Townsville Castle Hill is a heritage-listed isolated pink granite monolith in the suburb of Castle Hill, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Its Indigenous name is Cootharinga, sometimes written as Cooderinga. It rises to a height of some above sea level and dominates the city skyline. It is one of the most distinctive natural features on the Queensland coast. There are a number of vantage points from which to view the city below and also across Cleveland Bay to nearby Magnetic Island. Castle Hill (as a hill) was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 1993. The hill is an inselberg of Carboniferous–Permian origins, rising abruptly from the younger Quaternary coastal plain. The surface is primarily bare rock or shallow lithsols with small areas of duplex soils. There are three peaks to the summit. There is a former quarry site on the southern slopes, accessed via Stagpole Street, and on the northern cliff face a large graffiti on 'The Saint' is painted. The bitumen \"Castle Hill Road\" winds for from the northeast slopes to the summit of the second peak, on which the Hynes Lookout platform has been erected. There are several buildings and installations on the hill. On the southern face was a two-storeyed octagonal building of concrete block work, which formerly housed the Panorama Restaurant, which has now been demolished. A carpark associated with the former restaurant is located nearby to the north. Other structures on the site include several water reservoirs and three radio communication installations. On the northern-most peak of the summit is a 1942 observation post, a low, square, concrete bunker with observation apertures. In 1873, Robert Towns, the founder of Townsville, died in Sydney and was buried in Balmain Cemetery. In 1940, the Municipality of Leichhardt decided to replace that cemetery with parkland (called Pioneers Memorial Park). The plans were advertised and families were invited to arrange for re-interment of bodies or removal of memorials. In 1941, the Leichhart Council offered the memorial from the grave of Robert Towns to the Townsville City Council. In January 1942, Townsville City Council voted to accept the memorial and transport it to Townsville at a cost of but it as not unanimous with two councillors opposing the plan, one claiming that Robert Towns had done nothing for Townsville and it was only sheer good luck that caused the city to bear his name. A local resident, Tom Gleeson, proposed \"\"high on the peak of Castle Hill, overlooking the harbour\"\" would be a suitable location for the monument. Having arrived in Townsville, the monument was then placed in storage for a number of years. It was not until October 1947 that the Council discussed where to place the monument. A number of locations were considered: Castle Hill, the Botanic Gardens, in front of the Queens Hotel, the Anzac Memorial Park and the Railway Oval, but Castle Hill was ultimately the council's choice. In February 1948, the Queensland Government gave its approval to the council to place the monument in the centre of the car parking area on the top of Castle Hill. Over two years later, in November 1949, the monument was finally placed on Castle Hill, where it stands to the present day. A plaque was added to explain the origins of the monument. The vegetation, largely regenerative, is dominated by indigenous plant species. Approximately 300 plant species have been identified. Of particular importance are: The plant communities are predominantly mixed Eucalyptus spp. (E. drepaniphylla, E. dolichocarpa, E. tessellaris, E. Platyphylla, E. papuana) with variable woody understorey. Small areas of semi-evergreen notophyll vine thickets, not native to the site, occur in mesic areas such as gullies. On the gentler slopes kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra) is the dominant herbaceous species, while giant spear grass (Heteropogon triticeus) dominates on the steeper slopes. Specialised flora also occur on the cliffs and rocky outcrops, in particular the Triodia hummock grass community, Ficus spp. (five species) and orchids (two species). Introduced flora comprised almost 50 species, including Ficus benghalensis (Banyan). The fauna, which has not been surveyed comprehensively, includes the unadorned rock-wallaby. The avifauna had been surveyed, with over 50 bird species either visiting or residing on the hill. Peregrine falcons and brahminy kites nest here. Echidna, death adder and quail have been seen. Many locals walk up Castle Hill for regular exercise. There are many different routes to the top, by road or by \"goat track\" (rough path). Castle Hill is also a popular tourist site. Education groups regularly using the reserve to study natural environments, community history and urban geography. The North Queensland Conservation Council is undertaking a voluntary bush rejuvenation program of the site. Castle Hill has formerly also been known locally as Cutheringa, Cudtheringa, Cootharinga, and Mt Cutheringa. The Aboriginal history associated with Cutheringa has not been recorded, but its name survives as one of only two known Australian Indigenous place names in the Townsville region, the other being Pallarenda. Castle Hill was one of the earliest sites named by Andrew Ball who, together with MW Reid, were the first Europeans to explore the Ross River area in April 1864. The settlement established here was known initially as Castletown, until the name was replaced by Townsville in 1865. The hill became a much admired local landmark, evoking aesthetic delight and a unique sense of identity. This prominent link between urban life and nature largely determined the disordered layout of Townsville's streets and in the late 19th century was frequented for recreational pursuits such as botanising and nature study. Townsville residents also illegally plundered timber and firewood from Castle Hill. Wild goats further ravaged the native vegetation. By the late 1880s the Townsville Herald (1822–97) voiced considerable public outrage at the continued denudation of Castle Hill. These concerns were part of Queensland-wide debates on forest resource use and conservation. In an innovative approach to conservation, the Townsville Municipal Council applied to the Crown to establish the Hill as a reserve under their protective trusteeship, and on 30 June, Castle Hill was gazetted a Recreation Reserve of . However, despite the appointment of Crown Land Rangers and later, a Conservator of Trees for Castle Hill, the Council was able to do little to revegate the reserve during the depression years of the 1890s. Alderman Edward Downs and EJ Banfield privately planted various trees through the 1890s, including the surviving banyans, but by the 20th century, popular interest in preserving the natural vegetation of Castle Hill had waned. Small areas of the reserve were excised in the 1890s for water reserves and quarrying, but by 1900 it remained an unimproved reserve of close to . Only into the 1930s did the Council appear to directly address the Castle Hill environment. The goats were removed, permitting natural revegetation and in 1935-36 a road to the summit was constructed as an employment generating scheme, partly funded by the Main Roads Commission. Hynes Road (now Castle Hill Road) and Lookout were named after the then Minister for Labour and Industry, Hon. MP Maurice Hynes. During the Second World War Castle Hill was used as a communications and observation post. Infantry and field regiments of the 5th Australian Division were deployed on the hill, and the observation post they constructed remains. In 1942 a radar station was established on the summit, and searchlights extended halfway up the hill. The road up Castle Hill was closed to traffic on 12 March 1942 to enable the construction of the above-ground Green Street Bunker near Sidney Street, West End Unconfirmed reports indicate approval was given for the construction of an underground Area Combined",
"as an employment generating scheme, partly funded by the Main Roads Commission. Hynes Road (now Castle Hill Road) and Lookout were named after the then Minister for Labour and Industry, Hon. MP Maurice Hynes. During the Second World War Castle Hill was used as a communications and observation post. Infantry and field regiments of the 5th Australian Division were deployed on the hill, and the observation post they constructed remains. In 1942 a radar station was established on the summit, and searchlights extended halfway up the hill. The road up Castle Hill was closed to traffic on 12 March 1942 to enable the construction of the above-ground Green Street Bunker near Sidney Street, West End Unconfirmed reports indicate approval was given for the construction of an underground Area Combined Headquarters in Castle Hill in 1943. Since the 1950s areas from within the recreation reserve, including the summit, were excised for a variety of purposes: further water reserves and quarrying, a restaurant, car parking, communications installations and residential subdivision. By 1972 the Recreation Reserve had been reduced to about . In 1983 a further were granted to Yarrawonga Pty Ltd under special lease as a potential development site. The Yarrawonga subdivision is situated in the foothills of Castle Hillviews of North Ward and Magnetic Island; it has been described as the most expensive real estate outside south-east Queensland and is noted for its elevation and large homes, precariously placed on the foothills. Since 1974 radio communications installations erected at the summit have serviced the Civil Aviation Safety Authority, ambulance, fire brigade, police, state emergency services and customs. Castle Hill, Townsville Castle Hill is a heritage-listed isolated pink granite monolith in the suburb of Castle Hill, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Its Indigenous name is Cootharinga, sometimes written as Cooderinga. It rises to a height of some above sea level and dominates the city skyline. It is one of the most distinctive natural features on the Queensland coast. There are a number of vantage points from which to view the city below and also across Cleveland Bay to nearby Magnetic Island. Castle Hill (as a hill) was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 1993."
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"Let's Go (book series) Let's Go is a travel guide series researched, written, edited, and run entirely by students at Harvard University. The first of the budget/backpacker-oriented travel guides, \"Let's Go\" promotes itself as \"the student travel guide\" but is aimed at readers \"both young and young at heart\". \"Let's Go\" was founded in 1960 and is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The first Let's Go guide was a 25-page mimeographed pamphlet put together by an 18-year-old Harvard freshman named Oliver Koppell and handed out on student charter flights to Europe; the first professionally published guide was issued in 1961. Early guides tended to be freewheeling—for example, advising travelers on motorbiking through Southeast Asia in the late 1960s and financing travel in Europe by singing in the street. The first edition described how to travel from Europe to Asia on just four cents: by taking the ferry across the Bosphorus, from the European to the Asian side of the city of Istanbul, Turkey. As the guide became more popular throughout the 1960s, increasing quantities were printed every year. Let's Go also commissioned an artist, Richard Copaken, to give the series a logo: its trademark hot-air balloon. (That other Let's Go logo, the hitchhiker thumb, did not appear until 1973.) Maps and a \"general introduction\" section (the \"Before You Go\" of modern guidebooks) were added, and the venture went national. Sales skyrocketed after Let's Go Business Manager Andrew Tobias promoted the books on the \"Today\" show in 1966. The company's success inspired it to produce spin-off titles in the late 1960s. One of Let's Go's most irreverent titles, \"Let's Go II: The Student Guide to Adventure\", covered \"exotic\" destinations such as \"Red China\" and wrote in its Vietnam chapter, \"Just about no one \"wants\" to go to Vietnam these days. Most Americans who do travel there go with the army and leave as soon as they can.\" Additional one-offs for budget travelers included \"Let's Go: The Student Guide to America\" and \"Let's Go: Caribbean\". In 1971, Let's Go became weary of self-publishing (i.e., \"cutting and pasting on Oliver's living-room floor\") and signed on with publisher E.P. Dutton. At this time, Let's Go's only title remained the original flagship \"Let's Go: Europe\". The book's popularity, however, caused its staff to consider additional titles. The first permanent new guide, \"Let's Go: Britain and Ireland\", was published in 1976. After excellent sales, \"Let's Go: France\" and \"Let's Go: Italy\" soon followed. All four were updated every year thereafter. Indeed, for much of its history, Let's Go was the only travel guide to update each of its titles every single year. Let's Go continued expanding as it added further European titles as well as a new, permanent book on domestic travel. In 1982, Let's Go signed a contract with new publisher St. Martin's Press to publish its roster of six titles. By 1985, Let's Go was publishing 10 books a year, including \"Let's Go: Mexico\", the first new title not written from previously existing content. In 1986, 440,000 copies of Let's Go books were printed and sold in dozens of countries within three months of being researched—a new industry record. By the 1990s, Let's Go branched out into city-specific guidebooks, allowing expansion to continue at a rate of multiple new guidebooks per year. Around this time, Let's Go earned some of its most famous monikers, including \"the granddaddy of budget guides\" (the New York Times) and \"the Bible of the budget traveler\" (the Boston Globe). At 15 titles in 1992, the student-run company emphasizing travel on a budget had become one of the largest travel guides in the world. In 1996, Let's Go launched its website, Letsgo.com, while publishing 22 titles and a new line of mini map guides. By this time, Let's Go had branched out beyond just Europe (its traditional turf) and North America to Africa and Asia, as well. The company's first South American guide, \"Let's Go: Ecuador and the Galapagos\", came in 1997 as the 24th title. \"Let's Go: Australia\" and \"Let's Go: New Zealand\" followed the next year, putting Let's Go on every continent but Antarctica. Into the 2000s, the physical books evolved as well, with updated covers, new editorial features like a \"Price Diversity\" scale, and photos in the guides for the first time. The company was still expanding at a breakneck speed, from 30 titles in 2000 to 33 in 2001, 37 in 2002, 41 in 2003, 45 in 2004, and 48 in 2005. At this point, Let's Go employed over 200 students every year. Let's Go also expanded its web presence dramatically in this decade. The company profited from strong online advertising and partnerships and gradually populated its website with blogs, podcasts, and videos. In 2008, a redesigned website was unveiled that made Let's Go the first travel guide to offer all of its book content online free of charge. Let's Go has also brought its content to smartphones and tablets as well: since 2011, its guidebooks have also been available for download as e-books, and the company has released dozens of free, destination-specific mobile apps, with more in the works. The Let's Go Travel Guides App has been rated as \"a must have brilliant app\". Let's Go also announced a new print publisher, Avalon Travel, upon the expiration of its contract with St. Martin's Press in 2009. The switch led to a new format for the insides of the books, new retro covers for the outsides, and a rebranding to emphasize Let's Go's student origins. The theme has been changed in 1999, 2002, 2005 and 2009. In 2014, Let's Go began self-publishing for the first time since 1970. As a subsidiary of Harvard Student Agencies, Let's Go's charter states that the company may only employ degree-seeking Harvard students; because of this, Let's Go's business model is unique among publishers. Every year, a student management team is chosen from the previous year's staff. This core group works out of Let's Go's Cambridge offices all year round on the company's website, publicity, and editorial matters. Over the winter, the management team hires a staff of Editors, who in turn hire the company's traveling Researcher-Writers. Editors work part-time throughout the spring semester to prepare and train Researcher-Writers for their trips. After the semester ends, the Researcher-Writers leave Cambridge for their destination, while the Editors begin working full-time at the Cambridge office. Researcher-Writers, traveling alone, typically spend from six to eight weeks of their summer (June–July) on the road, visiting the assigned establishments in their assigned cities and sending raw copy back to Cambridge. In order to keep the writing true to the budget heritage of the series, Researcher-Writers are paid a daily stipend intended to cover only basic expenses (although Let's Go does cover airfare to and from their destination). Meanwhile, Editors work throughout the entire summer, aiding the Researcher-Writers and editing the copy. The guides are assembled from the edited copy in August and September, and are released in bookstores the following winter—just as the publishing process for the next year's guides has begun. Let's Go has used many words to describe the style of its content. \"Witty and irreverent\" is possibly the most frequently used descriptor; the company takes pride in its youthful, casual, sometimes zany tone and trains its writers to avoid \"brochure-ese\". Let's Go also promotes the unvarnished opinions of its reviews, stating that they want the takeaway of every single listing, good or bad, to be clear to the reader. This honesty led to a lawsuit against Let's Go in 1990 as a result of a scathing review of an Israeli hostel, but the travel guide was victorious in court, upheld by the judges as \"the modern equivalents of Thomas Paine or John Peter Zenger.\" Other traits the company has emphasized include its budget roots and social consciousness. As of the 2017 series of guidebooks,",
"begun. Let's Go has used many words to describe the style of its content. \"Witty and irreverent\" is possibly the most frequently used descriptor; the company takes pride in its youthful, casual, sometimes zany tone and trains its writers to avoid \"brochure-ese\". Let's Go also promotes the unvarnished opinions of its reviews, stating that they want the takeaway of every single listing, good or bad, to be clear to the reader. This honesty led to a lawsuit against Let's Go in 1990 as a result of a scathing review of an Israeli hostel, but the travel guide was victorious in court, upheld by the judges as \"the modern equivalents of Thomas Paine or John Peter Zenger.\" Other traits the company has emphasized include its budget roots and social consciousness. As of the 2017 series of guidebooks, Let's Go has published 75 titles covering six continents. The books range from country guides to adventure, city, budget, and road trip guides, many of which are still updated annually. Let's Go has also published 20 abridged, pocket-sized \"map guides\" (Amsterdam, Berlin, Boston, Chicago, Dublin, Florence, Hong Kong, London, Los Angeles, Madrid, New Orleans, New York City, Paris, Prague, Rome, San Francisco, Seattle, Sydney, Venice, and Washington DC), though these have been discontinued. Because Let's Go employees are all students when working for the travel guide, many of its alumni have gone on to distinguished careers in travel writing and other areas. There have been references (in a non-review/article context) to Let's Go in: Let's Go (book series) Let's Go is a travel guide series researched, written, edited, and run entirely by students at Harvard University. The first of the budget/backpacker-oriented travel guides, \"Let's Go\" promotes itself as \"the student travel guide\" but is aimed at readers \"both young and young at heart\". \"Let's Go\" was founded in 1960 and is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The first Let's Go guide was a 25-page mimeographed pamphlet put together by an 18-year-old"
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"William Pearce Howland Sir William Pearce Howland (29 May 1811 – 1 January 1907), served as the second Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, from 1868 to 1873. He was one of the Fathers of Confederation. Born in 1811 in Pawling, New York, William Howland was educated at Kinderhook Academy. In 1830 he settled in Cooksville, Upper Canada, and became a naturalised British subject in 1841. He operated Lambton Mills and later a grocery business in Toronto. In 1852 he acquired a grist mill, sawmill, and general store in Kleinburg, whose operations he left to his brother Henry Stark Howland. In 1857, Howland became a Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, and later served in the cabinet as Minister of Finance, Receiver General, and Postmaster General. He became a Member of Parliament in 1867 and was Minister of Inland Revenue from 1867 to 1868. He was created a C.B., 1867. Howland was appointed Ontario's second Lieutenant Governor in 1868 and served until 1873. He was created a K.C.M.G., 1879. He was knighted in 1879 and died in Toronto in 1907. He is buried in Toronto's St. James Cemetery. Toronto in 1907. He is buried in Toronto's St. James Cemetery. In 1906, at the request of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada, Howland prepared an autobiography that included extensive appendices about politics in the 1860s. On July 12, 1843, Sir William Pearce Howland, married Mary Ann (or Marianne) Blyth, the widow of David Webb, a ship's captain. Mary Anne and William had three children: William, Oliver and Florence. Their sons, William Holmes Howland and Oliver Aiken Howland, served as mayors of Toronto. Mary died in 1860. Sir William Pearce Howland, then a Minister of the Crown in Canada married Susannah Julia, daughter of Shrewsbury, Esquire, on 21 November 1865. She was born in London, England, 4, 1 May 1830, and educated there. She was a widow, who had accompanied her first husband (1850) Philip Hunt, of the Military Store Department, to the Mauritius, and thence to Canada. Lady Howland was presented to Queen Victoria in 1866, on the occasion of the London Conference on Confederation. In 1875, she presented her step-daughter, Miss Howland (later Mrs. R. M. Merritt) to Her Majesty. On leaving Government House, Howland was presented with an address from citizens of Toronto, and Lady Howland was given a gold bracelet, with her initials set in diamonds, and containing a locket with miniature portraits of herself and husband. Lady Howland died in Toronto, February 21, 1886, and was buried in St. James's Cemetery. In 1895, Sir William married Mary Elizabeth Rattaway, widow of James Bethune, Q.C. By 1904, they had separated. His sons, William Holmes Howland and Oliver Aiken Howland, served as mayors of Toronto. William Pearce Howland Sir William Pearce Howland (29 May 1811 – 1 January 1907), served as the second Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, from 1868 to 1873. He was one of the Fathers of Confederation. Born in 1811 in Pawling, New York,"
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"Kōichi Kodama Kōichi Kodama was born in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture on February 21, 1951. As a high school student, he was a member of a team that won the team competition of the 4th in 1968, and later went on to represent Fukuoka Prefecture in the . In October 1971, Kodama was accepted into the Japan Shogi Association's apprentice school at the rank of 3-kyū under the guidance of shogi professional . He was promoted to the rank of 1-dan in 1974 and finally obtained full professional status and the rank of 4-dan in January 1980. Kodama's promotion history is as follows: Kodama received the following Japan Shogi Association Annual Shogi Awards during his career: the Kōzō Masuda Award for 20022003, and the \"Special Game of the Year\" for 20092010. His \"Masuda Award\" was for his development of the Crab Silvers opening. Kodama also received the Japan Shogi Association's \"25 Years Service Award\" in 2004. Kōichi Kodama Kōichi Kodama was born in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture on February 21, 1951. As a high school student, he was a member of a team that won the team competition of the 4th in 1968, and later went on to represent Fukuoka Prefecture in"
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"Windrush scandal The Windrush scandal is a 2018 British political scandal concerning people who were wrongly detained, denied legal rights, threatened with deportation, and, in around 63 cases, wrongly deported from the UK by the Home Office. Many of those affected had been born British subjects and had arrived in the UK before 1973, particularly from Caribbean countries as members of the \"Windrush generation\" (who were named after the \"Empire Windrush\" ship that brought one of the first large groups of West Indian migrants to the UK in June 1948). As well as those who were wrongly deported, an unknown number were wrongly detained, lost their jobs or homes, or were denied benefits or medical care to which they were entitled. A number of long-term UK residents were wrongly refused re-entry to the UK, and a larger number were threatened with immediate deportation by the Home Office. Linked by commentators to the \"hostile environment policy\" instituted by Theresa May during her time as Home Secretary, the scandal led to the resignation of Amber Rudd as Home Secretary in April 2018, and the appointment of Sajid Javid as her successor. The scandal also prompted a wider debate about British immigration policy and Home Office practice. The scandal came to public attention as a result of a campaign mounted by Caribbean diplomats to the UK, British parliamentarians and charities, and an extended series of articles in \"The Guardian\" newspaper. The British Nationality Act 1948 gave citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies status, and the right to settle in the UK, to everyone who was at that time a British subject by virtue of having been born in a British colony. The act, and encouragement from British Government campaigns in Caribbean countries, led to a wave of immigration from the Caribbean. Between 1948 and 1970 nearly half a million people moved from the Caribbean to Britain, which in 1948 faced severe labour shortages in the wake of the Second World War. These immigrants were later referred to as \"the Windrush generation\". In addition to working age adults, many children travelled from the Caribbean to join parents or grandparents in the UK, or travelled with their parents, without their own passports. Since these people had a legal right to come to the UK, they neither needed nor were given any documents upon entry to the UK, nor following changes in immigration laws in the early 1970s. Many worked – or attended schools in the UK, without any official documentary record of their having done so, other than the same records as any UK-born citizen. Many of the countries from which the immigrants had come, became independent of the UK after 1948, and therefore people then living there became citizens of those countries. Additionally, a series of legislative measures in the 1960s and early 1970s limited the rights of citizens of these former colonies, now members of the Commonwealth, to come to, or work in the UK. However, anyone who had arrived in the UK from a Commonwealth country before 1973 was granted an automatic right to permanently remain, unless they left the UK for more than two years. Since the right was automatic, many people in this category were never given, or asked to provide, documentary evidence of their right to remain either at that time, or in the following four decades, during which many continued to live and work in the UK, believing themselves to be British. A clause in the 1999 Immigration Act specifically protected longstanding residents of the UK from Commonwealth countries from enforced removal. The clause was not transferred to 2014 immigration legislation. The clause was removed as Commonwealth citizens living in the UK before 1 January 1973 were \"adequately protected from removal\", according to a Home Office spokesperson. The hostile environment policy, which came into effect in October 2010, is a set of administrative and legislative measures designed to make staying in the United Kingdom as difficult as possible for people without \"leave to remain\", in the hope that they may \"voluntarily leave\". In 2012, the then Home Secretary Theresa May stated that \"The aim is to create, here in Britain, a really hostile environment for illegal immigrants\". The policy was widely seen as being part of a strategy of reducing UK immigration figures to the levels promised in the 2010 Conservative Party Election Manifesto. Measures introduced as parts of the policy include a legal requirement for landlords, employers, the NHS, charities, community interest companies and banks to carry out ID checks, and to refuse services if the individual is unable to prove legal residence in the UK. Landlords, employers and others are liable to fines of up to £10,000 if they fail to comply with these measures. The policy also implemented a more complicated application process to get 'leave to remain' and encouraged voluntary deportation. The policy coincided with sharp increases in Home Office fees for processing \"leave to remain\", naturalisation and registration of citizenship applications. The BBC reported that the Home Office had made a profit of more than £800m from nationality services between 2011 and 2017. The term 'hostile environment', had first been used under the last Labour Government. On 25 April 2018, in answer to questions in Parliament during the Windrush scandal, Theresa May, now British Prime Minister, said that the hostile environment policy would remain government policy. The Home Office received warnings from 2013 onwards that many Windrush generation residents were being treated as illegal immigrants and that older Caribbean born people were being targeted. The Refugee and Migrant Centre in Wolverhampton said their caseworkers were seeing hundreds of people receiving Capita letters telling them that they had no right to be in the UK, some of whom were told to arrange to leave the UK at once. Roughly half the letters went to people who already had leave to remain, or were in the process of regularising their immigration status. Caseworkers had warned the Home Office directly and also through local MPs of these cases since 2013. People considered illegal were sometimes losing their jobs or homes as a consequence of having benefits cut off, and some had been refused medical care under the NHS, some placed in detention centres as preparation for their deportation, some deported or refused right to return to the UK from abroad. In 2013 Caribbean leaders had put the deportations on the agenda at the Commonwealth meeting in Sri Lanka and in April 2016 Caribbean governments told the then Foreign Secretary that immigrants who had spent most of their lives in the UK were facing deportation and their concerns were passed on at the time to the Home Office. Shortly before the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in April 2018, 12 Caribbean countries made a formal request for a meeting with the British Prime Minister to discuss the issue, which was rejected by Downing Street. In January 2018, the Home Affairs Select Committee issued a report which said the hostile environment policies were “unclear” and had seen too many people threatened with deportation based on “inaccurate and untested” information. The report warned that the errors being made – in one instance 10% – threatened to undermine the \"credibility of the system\". A major concern voiced in the report was that the Home Office did not have any system to evaluate the effectiveness of its hostile environment provisions, and commented that there had been a “failure” to understand the effects of the policy. The report also noted that a shortage of accurate data about the scale of illegal immigration had allowed public anxiety about the issue to “grow unchecked”, which, the report said, showed government “indifference” towards an issue of “high public interest”. A month before the report was published, more than 60 MPs, academics and campaign groups wrote an open letter to Amber Rudd",
"based on “inaccurate and untested” information. The report warned that the errors being made – in one instance 10% – threatened to undermine the \"credibility of the system\". A major concern voiced in the report was that the Home Office did not have any system to evaluate the effectiveness of its hostile environment provisions, and commented that there had been a “failure” to understand the effects of the policy. The report also noted that a shortage of accurate data about the scale of illegal immigration had allowed public anxiety about the issue to “grow unchecked”, which, the report said, showed government “indifference” towards an issue of “high public interest”. A month before the report was published, more than 60 MPs, academics and campaign groups wrote an open letter to Amber Rudd urging the Government to halt the “inhumane” policy, citing the Home Office's “poor track record” of dealing with complaints and appeals in a timely manner. From November 2017, newspapers reported that the British government had threatened to deport people from Commonwealth territories who had arrived in the UK before 1973 if they could not prove their right to remain in the UK. Although primarily identified as the Windrush generation and mainly from the Caribbean, it was estimated in April 2018 that, based on figures provided by the Migration Observatory at the University of Oxford, that up to 57,000 Commonwealth migrants could be affected, of whom 15,000 were from Jamaica alone. In addition to those from the Caribbean, cases of people affected who had been born in Kenya, Cyprus, Canada, and Sierra Leone were identified in the press. The press coverage accused Home Office agencies of operating a \"guilty until proven innocent\" and \"deport first, appeal later\" regime; of targeting the weakest groups, particularly those from the Caribbean; of inhumanely applying regulations by cutting off access to jobs, services, medical treatment, and bank accounts while cases were still being investigated; of losing large numbers of original documents which proved right to remain; of making unreasonable demands for documentary proof – in some instances, elderly people had been asked for 4 documents for each year they had lived in the UK, and of leaving people stranded outside the UK because of British administrative errors or intransigence. Other cases covered in the press, involved adults born in the UK, whose parents were 'Windrush' immigrants and who had been threatened with deportation and had their rights removed, because they were unable to prove that their parents were legally in the UK at the time of their birth. The Home Office and British government were further accused of having known about the negative impacts that the 'hostile environment policy' was having on Windrush immigrants since as early as 2013, and of having done nothing to remedy them. Those highlighting the issue included, journalists Amelia Gentleman and Gary Younge, Caribbean diplomats Kevin Isaac, Seth George Ramocan, and Guy Hewitt, British parliamentarians Herman Ouseley and David Lammy MP. Amelia Gentleman, of \"The Guardian\" was later awarded the 2018 Paul Foot Award for her coverage of, what the judges described as: \"the catastrophic consequences for a group of elderly Commonwealth-born citizens who were told they were illegal immigrants, despite having lived in the UK for around 50 years\". In early March 2018, questions began to be asked in Parliament about individual cases that had been highlighted in the press. On 14 March, Opposition Leader Jeremy Corbyn asked May about an individual who had been refused medical treatment under the NHS during Prime Minister's Questions in the House of Commons, May initially said she was \"unaware of the case\", but later agreed to \"look into it\". Parliament thereafter continued to be involved in what was increasingly being referred to as \"the Windrush scandal\". On 16 April 2018 David Lammy MP challenged Amber Rudd in the House of Commons to give numbers as to how many had lost their jobs or homes, been denied medical care, or been detained or deported wrongly. Lammy called on Rudd to apologise for the threats of deportation and called it a \"day of national shame\", blaming the problems on the government's \"hostile environment policy\". Rudd replied that she did not know of any, but would attempt to verify that. In late April, Rudd faced increasing calls for her to resign and for the Government to abandon the \"hostile environment policy\". There were also calls for the Home Office to reduce fees for immigration services. On 2 May 2018, the opposition Labour Party introduced a motion in the House of Commons seeking to force the government to release documents to the Home Affairs Select Committee, concerning its handling of cases involving people who came to the UK from Commonwealth countries between 1948 and the 1970s, the motion was defeated by 316 votes to 221. On 25 April, in answer to a question put to her by the Home Affairs Select Committee about deportation targets (i.e. specific numbers to meet), Rudd said she was unaware of such targets, saying “that’s not how we operate”, although another witness had discussed deportation targets. The following day, Rudd admitted in Parliament that targets had existed, but characterised them as \"local targets for internal performance management\" only, not \"specific removal targets\". She also claimed that she had been unaware of them and promised that they would be scrapped. Two days later, \"The Guardian\" published a leaked memo, which had been copied to Rudd's office, the memo said that the department had set \"a target of achieving 12,800 enforced returns in 2017–18'\" and \"we have exceeded our target of assisted returns\". The memo added that progress had been made towards \"the 10% increased performance on enforced returns, which we promised the Home Secretary earlier this year\". Rudd responded by saying she had never seen the leaked memo, “although it was copied to my office, as many documents are”. The \"New Statesman\" said that the leaked memo gave, \"in specific detail the targets set by the Home Office for the number of people to be removed from the United Kingdom. It suggests that Rudd misled MPs on at least one occasion\". Diane Abbott MP called for Rudd's resignation: \"Amber Rudd either failed to read this memo and has no clear understanding of the policies in her own department, or she has misled Parliament and the British people.\" Abbott also said, \"The danger is that \"(the)\" very broad target put pressure on Home Office officials to bundle Jamaican grandmothers into detention centres\". On 29 April 2018, \"The Guardian\" published a private letter from Rudd to Thesesa May dated January 2017 in which Rudd wrote of an \"ambitious but deliverable\" target for an increase in the enforced deportation of immigrants. Later that day, Rudd resigned as Home Secretary. On 29 April 2018, Rudd resigned as Home Secretary, saying in her resignation letter that she had \"inadvertently misled the Home Affairs Select Committee [...] on the issue of illegal immigration\". Later that day Sajid Javid was named as her successor. Shortly before, Javid, while still Communities Secretary, had said in a \"Sunday Telegraph\" interview \"I was really concerned when I first started hearing and reading about some of the issues ... My parents came to this country ... just like the Windrush generation ... When I heard about the Windrush issue I thought, 'That could be my mum, it could be my dad, it could be my uncle... it could be me.'\" On 30 April, Javid made his first appearance before Parliament as Home Secretary. He promised legislation to ensure the rights of those affected, and said that the government would \"do right by the Windrush generation\". In comments seen by the press as distancing himself from Theresa May, Javid told Parliament that \"I don’t like the phrase hostile [...] I think it is a phrase that is unhelpful and it doesn’t represent our",
"still Communities Secretary, had said in a \"Sunday Telegraph\" interview \"I was really concerned when I first started hearing and reading about some of the issues ... My parents came to this country ... just like the Windrush generation ... When I heard about the Windrush issue I thought, 'That could be my mum, it could be my dad, it could be my uncle... it could be me.'\" On 30 April, Javid made his first appearance before Parliament as Home Secretary. He promised legislation to ensure the rights of those affected, and said that the government would \"do right by the Windrush generation\". In comments seen by the press as distancing himself from Theresa May, Javid told Parliament that \"I don’t like the phrase hostile [...] I think it is a phrase that is unhelpful and it doesn’t represent our values as a country\". On 15 May 2018, Javid told the Home Affairs Select Committee that 63 people had thus far been identified as having been possibly wrongly deported though stating the figure was provisional and could rise. He also said that he had been unable to establish at that point how many Windrush cases had been wrongfully detained. By late May 2018 the government had contacted 3 out of the 63 people possibly wrongly deported, and on 8 June, Seth George Ramocan, the Jamaican high commissioner in London said he had still not received either the numbers or the names of those people the Home Office believed they had wrongly deported to Jamaica, so that Jamaican records could be checked for contact details. By late June, long delays were being reported in processing \"leave to remain\" applications due to the large numbers of people contacting the Home Office. The Windrush hotline had recorded 19,000 calls up to that time, 6,800 of which were identified as potential Windrush cases. 1,600 people had by then been issued documentation after having appointments with the Home Office. On 29 June the Parliamentary Human Rights Select committee published a \"damning\" report on the exercise of powers by immigration officials. MPs and Peers concluded in the report that there had been \"systemic failures\" and rejected the Home Office description of a \"a series of mistakes\" as not \"credible or sufficient\". The report concluded that the Home Office demonstrated a \"wholly incorrect approach to case-handling and to depriving people of their liberty\", and urged the Home Secretary to take action against the \"human rights violations\" occurring in his department. The committee had examined the cases of two people who had both twice been detained by the Home Office, whose detentions the report described as \"simply unlawful\" and whose treatment was described as \"shocking\". The committee sought to examine 60 other cases. Harriet Harman MP, and chair of the committee accused immigration officials of being \"out of control\", and the Home Office of being a \"law unto itself\". Harman commented that \"protections and safeguards have been whittled away until what we can see now ... \"[is]\" that the Home Office is all powerful and human rights have been totally extinguished.\" Adding that \" even when they're getting it wrong and even when all the evidence is there on their own files showing that they have no right to lock these people up, they go ahead and do it.\" On 3 July the Home Affairs Select Committee (HASC) published a critical report which said that unless the Home Office was overhauled, the scandal would \"happen again, for another group of people”. The report found that \"a change in culture in the Home Office over recent years\", had led to an environment in which applicants had been \"forced to follow processes that appear designed to set them up to fail”. The report questioned whether the hostile environment should continue in its current form, commenting that “rebranding it as the ‘compliant’ environment is a meaningless response to genuine concerns”, (Sajid Javid had previously referred to the policy as the ‘compliant' environment policy). The report recommended that the Home Office should re-assess all hostile environment policies to evaluate their \"“efficacy, fairness, impact (both intended and unintended consequences) and value for money”, as the policy placed \"a huge administrative burden and cost on many parts of society, without any clear evidence of its effectiveness but with numerous examples of mistakes made and significant distress caused\". The report made a series of recommendations, designed to give the \"Home Office a more human face”. It also called for \"passport fees to be abolished for Windrush citizens; for a return to face-to-face immigration interviews; for immigration appeal rights and legal aid to be reinstated; and for the net migration target to be dropped\". The report commented that they had hoped to uncover the extent of the impact on the Windrush generation but that the government had \"not been able to answer many of our questions … and we have not had access to internal Home Office papers”. Commenting that it was \"unacceptable that the Home Office still cannot tell us the number of people who have been unlawfully detained, were told to report to Home Office centres, who lost their jobs, or were denied medical treatment or other services.” The report also recommended extending the government compensation scheme to recognise \"emotional distress as well as financial harm\" and that the scheme should be open to Windrush children and grandchildren who had been adversely affected. The report reiterated its call for an immediate hardship fund for those in acute financial difficulty. Committee chair Yvette Cooper said the decision to delay hardship payments was \"very troubling\" and victims \"should not have to struggle with debts while they are waiting for the compensation scheme\". The report also said that Home Office officials should have been aware of, and addressed, the problem much earlier, cross-party MPs on the committee noted that the Home Office had taken no action during the months in which the issue had been highlighted in the press. The Labour party responded to the report by saying \"many questions remained unanswered by the Home Office\". Shadow Home Secretary Diane Abbott said it was a “disgrace” that the government had not yet published \"a clear plan for compensation\" for Windrush cases and that it had refused to institute a hardship fund, \"even for people who have been made homeless or unemployed by their policies”. In response to questions from Parliamentary select committees, and questions asked in Parliament, the Home Office issued a number of replies during the scandal. On 28 June a letter to the HASC from the Home Office reported that, it had \"mistakenly detained\" 850 people in the five years between 2012 and 2017. In the same five-year period, the Home Office had paid compensation of over £21m for wrongful detention. Compensation payments varied between £1 and £120,000, an unknown number of these detentions were Windrush cases. The letter also acknowledged that 23% of staff working within immigration enforcement had received performance bonuses, some staff had been set “personal objectives” “linked to targets to achieve enforced removals” on which bonus payments were made. Figures released on 5 June by immigration minister Caroline Nokes revealed that in the 12 months prior to March 2018, 991 seats had been booked on commercial flights by the Home Office to remove people to the Caribbean who were suspected of being in the UK illegally. The 991 figure was not necessarily the number of deportations as some removals may not have happened, and others may have involved multiple tickets for one person's flights. The figures did not say how many of the tickets booked were used for deportations. Nokes also said that in the two-year period from 2015 to 2017, the government had spent £52m on all deportation flights, including £17.7m on charter flights. Costs for the 12 months prior to March 2018 were not available. Amber Rudd, while still Home Secretary,",
"were made. Figures released on 5 June by immigration minister Caroline Nokes revealed that in the 12 months prior to March 2018, 991 seats had been booked on commercial flights by the Home Office to remove people to the Caribbean who were suspected of being in the UK illegally. The 991 figure was not necessarily the number of deportations as some removals may not have happened, and others may have involved multiple tickets for one person's flights. The figures did not say how many of the tickets booked were used for deportations. Nokes also said that in the two-year period from 2015 to 2017, the government had spent £52m on all deportation flights, including £17.7m on charter flights. Costs for the 12 months prior to March 2018 were not available. Amber Rudd, while still Home Secretary, apologised for the \"appalling\" treatment of the Windrush generation. On 23 April 2018, Rudd announced that compensation would be given to those affected and, in future, fees and language tests for citizenship applicants would be waived for this group. Theresa May also apologised for the \"anxiety caused\" at a meeting with 12 Caribbean leaders, though she was unable to tell them \"definitively\" whether anyone had been wrongly deported. May also promised that those affected would no longer need to rely on providing formal documents to prove their history of residency in the UK, nor would they incur costs in getting necessary papers. On 24 May Sajid Javid, the new Home Secretary, outlined a series of measures to process citizenship applications for people affected by the scandal. The measures included free citizenship applications for children who joined their parents in the UK when they were under 18, also for children born in the UK of Windrush parents and free confirmation of right to remain for those entitled to it, but currently outside the UK, subject to normal good character requirements. The measures were criticised by MPs, as they provided no right of appeal or review of decisions. Yvette Cooper, chair of the Commons Home Affairs Committee, said, “Given the history of this, how can anyone trust Home Office not to make further mistakes? If the Home Secretary is confident that senior caseworkers will be making good decisions in Windrush cases, he has nothing to fear about appeals and reviews.” Javid also said that a Home Office team had identified 500 potential cases thus far. In subsequent weeks Javid also promised to provide figures on how many people had been wrongly detained and indicated that he did not believe in quantified targets for removals. On 21 May 2018, it was reported that many Windrush victims were still destitute, sleeping rough or on the sofas of friends and relatives while waiting for Home Office action. Many could not afford to travel to Home Office appointments if they got them. David Lammy MP described it as, “yet another failure in a litany of abject failures that Windrush citizens are being left homeless and hungry on the streets.” In late May and early June, there were calls from MP's for a hardship fund to be set up to meet urgent needs. By late June, it was reported that the government's two-week deadline for resolving cases has been repeatedly breached, and that many of the most serious cases still had not been addressed. Jamaican High Commissioner Seth George Ramocan said: “There has been an effort to correct the situation now that it has become so very open and public.” Victims were still destitute in August 2018 and no compensation plan had been implemented. For example, a man was still homeless while waiting for a decision, a woman, a former NHS nurse, told a caseworker, “Is there any way I can apply to work while they’re waiting for their appeal? I am not allowed to work, I have no benefits. I have a 12-year-old child.” The caseworker replied, “Well I’m afraid these are the immigration rules, so you’ll have to get some advice from somebody, but obviously the Home Office point of view [is] if you don’t have a legal status in the UK you’re not entitled to work or study.” Satbir Singh of the Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants stated, “It’s appalling that the Home Office effectively told Sharon to go and beg for food, when there are laws requiring the state to act in the best interests of children, and provide financial support to children facing destitution.” Gavin Cowings, who works for David Lammy said, “We have referred 25 constituents to the Windrush taskforce in total. Only three have been granted their citizenship so far, and the others are left in a strange limbo … We still have some people who have not even got biometric residence permits and we alerted the Home Office to these people months ago. The only official record of the arrival of many \"Windrush\" immigrants in the 1950s through to the early 1970s were landing cards collected as they disembarked from ships in UK ports. In subsequent decades these cards were routinely used by British immigration officials to verify dates of arrival for borderline immigration cases. In 2009, a decision was made to destroy those landing cards. The decision to destroy was taken under the last Labour government, but implemented in 2010 under the incoming Conservative government. Whistleblowers and retired immigration officers claimed that they had warned managers in 2010 of the problems this would cause for some immigrants who had no other record of their arrival. During the scandal, there was discussion as to whether the destruction of the landing cards had negatively impacted on Windrush immigrants. The scandal drew attention to other issues relating to UK migration policy and practice, including treatment of other migrants, and of asylum seekers and what the status of EU nationals living in Britain would be after Brexit. Stephen Hale of Refugee Action, said, “All of the things those [Windrush] people have been through are also experiences that people are going through as result of asylum system. Some skilled workers had been threatened with deportation after living and working in the UK for over a decade because of minor irregularities in their tax returns, some were allowed to stay and fight deportation but prevented from working and denied access to the NHS while doing so. Sometimes the irregularities were due to the tax authorities not the migrant. In an interview with BBC's Andrew Marr on 3 June, Sajid Javid said that key parts of the UK's immigration policy would be reviewed and that changes had already been made to the \"hostile environment\" approach to illegal immigration in the wake of the Windrush scandal. Following complaints by ministers, the Home Office is reported to have set up an inquiry to investigate where the leaked documents that led to Rudd's departure came from. In June 2018, following campaigns and a petition started by Patrick Vernon for June 22 to be recognized as a national day to commemorate and celebrate migration and migrant communities in Britain, it was announced by the British government that an annual Windrush Day would be held, supported by a grant of up to £500,000, to recognise and honour the contribution of those who arrived between 1948 and 1971 and to \"keep their legacy alive for future generations, ensuring that we all celebrate the diversity of Britain’s history.\" Windrush scandal The Windrush scandal is a 2018 British political scandal concerning people who were wrongly detained, denied legal rights, threatened with deportation, and, in around 63 cases, wrongly deported from the UK by the Home Office. Many of those affected had been born British subjects and had arrived in the UK before 1973,"
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"Distance over Time Distance over Time is the upcoming fourteenth studio album by American progressive metal band Dream Theater, set to be released on February 22, 2019 on InsideOut Music. \"Distance over Time\" was announced alongside a tour of North America where Dream Theater will support the new album and celebrate the 20th anniversary of its fifth studio album, \"\" (1999). On December 7, 2018, the lead single \"Untethered Angel\" and its music video were released. Musically, Dream Theater decided to create a \"tight and focused\" album with a heavier sound than its previous album, \"The Astonishing\" (2016). \"At Wit's End\" was the first piece that was written and the writing process for the whole album took 18 days. The band compared the speed and style of \"Distance over Time's\" writing process to that of its 2003 album, \"Train of Thought\". At just under 57 minutes long, not including a bonus track, \"Distance over Time\" is Dream Theater's first studio album with a run time under one hour in length since 1992's \"Images and Words\", and their shortest since the band's 1989 debut, \"When Dream and Day Unite\". It is also Dream Theater's third studio album to not feature any songs longer than ten minutes, the first being \"When Dream and Day Unite\", and the second being \"The Astonishing\". Dream Theater Technical personnel Distance over Time Distance over Time is the upcoming fourteenth studio album by American progressive metal band Dream Theater, set to be released on February 22, 2019 on InsideOut Music. \"Distance over Time\" was announced alongside a tour of North America where Dream Theater will support the new album and celebrate the 20th anniversary of its fifth studio album, \"\" (1999). On December 7, 2018, the lead single \"Untethered Angel\" and its music video were released. Musically,"
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"retrieved": [
"Ella Riot Ella Riot was a musical group based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Founded in 2007 by Tyler Duncan as My Dear Disco, the name change came in March 2011. The band first released the eponymous EP \"My Dear Disco\" in 2007, releasing its first album \"Dancethink LP\" in January 2009. The album fused electro-pop, funk, rock, and techno into a distinctive sound the band members have dubbed \"DanceThink\". The band released two more EPs in 2010 and their last EP \"Love Child\" in March 2011, before going into an \"indefinite hiatus\" in October 2011. In 2013, band vocalist Michelle Chamuel took part in the fourth season of \"The Voice\" and finished in second place. Ella Riot, originally called My Dear Disco, evolved from founding member Duncan's 2005 instrumental endeavor, Toolbox. Duncan who played bagpipe, with percussionist Aaron Gold, guitarist Theo Katzman, and bassist Christian Carpenter, all undergraduate students at the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, developed experimental tracks using Irish bagpipe as the lead instrument and a laptop to mix bass music and techno drum beats. Later guitarist Robert Lester and keyboardist Joey Dosik joined the group. Michelle Chamuel, a classmate of Duncan, recorded a track named \"My Dear Disco\" with Lester independent of the Toolbox project. Later she worked with the band on a track named \"White Lies\". The band was impressed with her vocals and asked her to join. My Dear Disco, named after musician Matthew Dear, was officially founded with her inclusion in 2007. Duncan switched from bagpipe to synthesizer, but occasionally played bagpipe during live performances. The band members area of study at the University of Michigan ranged from classical drum to jazz to performance and technology. They graduated in 2008. The lineup changed with Mike Shea replacing Gold on drums. Named one of the most promising college bands in the nation by the New American Music Union, the band was invited to perform at the 2008 A.E. Music Festival hosted by Anthony Kiedis. In the summer of 2008, the band performed at BlissFest, Hoxeyville, Dunegrass, Feel Good Festival, and Jazz Aspen Snowmass. The band's debut album, \"Dancethink LP\", was co-produced by Mark Saunders. It was released in January 2009. An album review characterized the music as having diverse influences and called it \"a trance album with a rock and roll spine\". The newly released techno-pop tracks earned the band a spot on the rosters of 2009 Wakarusa Festival, 10,000 Lakes Festival and South by Southwest, where they performed alongside Dave Matthews, Wilco, Widespread Panic and others. In October 2009 the band appeared on Fox 5 television show Fearless Music. The band was named BMI's Pick of the Month artist in November 2009. In 2009 the band performed over 150 shows. In September 2009 Dosik left the group and relocated to California. Soon after guitarist Katzman and then in September 2010 bassist Carpenter left to pursue solo careers. Joe Dart filled in for Carpenter. Dart played bass on the 2011 \"Love Child EP\". After Dart's departure from the group, in 2011 Matt Henninger became the next bass player. Katzman's departure in early 2010 marked the group's change from a seven piece to a five piece band. The band's remix of Kanye West's \"Love Lockdown\" earned high praise from \"Arjanwrites\" music blog, citing the use of live instruments as a reason. The band's remix of Todd Edwards' \"I Might Be\" was made for and released on a Scion A/V remix collection. The two tracks were later released on the 2010 \"The Remixes EP\". As of July 2010 the band had performed over 250 shows in a two-year period. In August 2010 the band performed at Lollapalooza music festival. In December 2010, the band completed work on their second studio release \"Love Child EP\". It was engineered by Oliver Strauss and recorded at Mission Sound studio in New York. In March 2011, My Dear Disco changed its name to Ella Riot, citing legal concerns and the old name's implied genre. The new name was in part a tribute to Ella Fitzgerald. In Greek, \"Ella\" means bright light or torch, and \"Ella Riot\" was a tribute to the goals and image of the band. Shortly after the name change, \"Love Child EP\" was released in March 2011. Being a studio recording and final release, it was the band's second definitive work. An album review characterized the music as pop influenced by funk, techno and house, and called the approach \"hardly doctrinaire\". The band released a music video of the EP's fourth track \"It Could Be\". In September 2011, the band announced the decision to put Ella Riot on an indefinite hiatus, citing the need to develop other aspects of their lives. Soon after, Duncan and Chamuel as a duo released an album titled \"s/he\". The album credits contributions by all then current band members. As of July 2013, eight band members had continued to make music as independent artists – Duncan, Lester, Chamuel, Katzman, Dosik, Dart, Carpenter and Gold. The band was influenced by Daft Punk, Justice, Brazilian Girls, and early Michael Jackson. Their music \"combines elements from rock, dance, electronic, soul, punk, pop, and jazz music to engage the body and the mind\". Although made for dance and live performance, the band's objective was to make music that could stand and be enjoyed on its own merit. According to an AllMusic album review, \"This is fine, well-crafted music from a group with a mind of its own\". According to band guitarist Lester, \"It's about writing music that's as satisfying for your body as it is for your mind\". The band referred to its musical style as \"DanceThink Music\". In 2008 engineer Mark Saunders, who had developed Grammy-nominated albums with Shiny Toy Guns and The Cure, co-produced the band's debut album named \"Dancethink\" in the Beat360 Studios in New York City. In November 2009, the song \"My Dear Disco\" was used in a promotional commercial for Season 1 Episode 9 of \"Melrose Place\". In 2009 the song \"White Lies\" was used in Season 1 Episode 11 of the online television series \"Little White Lie\". Chamuel performed the vocals on the series' theme song \"Caught In the Lie\". In 2010 the song \"My Dear Disco\" was used in Season 1 Episode 7 of the television series \"Fly Girls\" and the song \"M.Y.F. (Move Your Feet)\" was used in Episode 8. In 2011 the two songs \"My Dear Disco\" and \"Madame Eon - Part One\" were used in the independent film \"Mooz-lum\". In 2011 the song \"White Lies\" was used in Season 1 Episode 5 of the television series \"The Lying Game\". Upon their formation in 2007, band members saw themselves as a business entity, a business to support them financially. In an October 2011 interview, band founder Duncan expressed pride in the fact that they \"created a business and a band that toured from Alaska to Texas to Cozumel to Maine,\" and that they ran the business themselves. Michelle Jacqueline Chamuel (born 1986), the vocalist and former member of the band took part in the fourth season of reality television singing competition \"The Voice\", broadcast on NBC. She was part of \"Team Usher\" and finished in second place. Chamuel lives in Amherst, Massachusetts and uses the producer moniker \"The Reverb Junkie\". Studio albums Extended plays Remixes Ella Riot Ella Riot was a musical group based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Founded in 2007 by Tyler Duncan as My Dear Disco, the name change came in March 2011. The band first released the eponymous EP \"My Dear Disco\" in 2007, releasing its first album \"Dancethink LP\" in January 2009. The album fused electro-pop, funk, rock, and techno into a distinctive sound the band members have dubbed \"DanceThink\". The band released two more EPs in 2010 and their last EP \"Love"
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"Ōmuta, Fukuoka , the city has an estimated population of 127,126 (men 58,294; women 68,832) and a population density of 1,558.87 persons per km². The total area is 81.55 km². The mayor is Michio Koga. Ōmuta is located in the southernmost end of Fukuoka Prefecture, is bordered by the Ariake Sea in the west, and meets Kumamoto prefecture to the south and east. It contains Yamagi and Miike mountains, and the rivers Omuta, Suwa, Doumen and Kumagawa. Ōmuta's zoo is home to lesser pandas. The oldest reference to Ōmuta, precisely Kunugi, one of the neighborhoods in the current Ōmuta city, is found in \"Nihonshoki\" (720), the chapter of Emperor Keikō, whose historical existence is doubtful. In the late 12th century, three ponds were formed, supposedly as a result of volcanic activity. Miike, a neighborhood in Ōmuta, is named after those three ponds (jp: \"三池 mi-ike\"). In 1469, a farmer named Denzaemon eventually found coal in the mountains when he made a bonfire. Coal mining would become the main industry in this area. During the Edo period, Ōmuta was a part of the Miike han (Miike Domain), ruled by the Tachibana clan who also ruled Yanagawa. In 1721, Ono Harunobu, karō (steward) of Yanagawa han (Yanagawa Domain) was granted Hirano Takatori yama, and started to mine coal. During the 1850s another two coal mines were opened. In 1871, in a course of the Meiji restoration, the Han system was abolished and prefectures were founded. Ōmuta belonged to the Miike (1871), Mizuma (1871–1876) and finally Fukuoka prefectures (1876–present) respectively. The Ōmuta and Miike townships, which would form the core of the current city, were founded on April 1, 1889, a consequence of the town and village administrative system, in Miike county, Fukuoka. The Meiji government ran coal mining in Miike at first themselves, but soon sold it to a private company for a very low price, compared to its value, which caused a scandal. On March 1, 1917, Ōmuta received city status. Ōmuta had developed as an industrial city, centered on the Miike coal mine, which existed from the 1860s until 1997. In 1891, a railway began to operate, connecting Ōmuta with Fukuoka. It is still operated today as the Kagoshima Main Line. In 1902, Miike Port opened on Ariake Bay. New coal mines were opened, and Ōmuta became an industrial center in this region. 1908 Miike Port was opened to foreigners and in the next year the Trade Taxation Office was established along the port, as a branch of the Nagasaki Trade Taxation Office. While miners enjoyed good wages, their working conditions were not very good, like many other Japanese laborers. In 1918 and 1924, big strikes and other protests arose. Through many protests and other activities, in the 1930s we found many of the strikers' wishes granted: women, prisoners, and horses were no longer found in mines, and miners were hired directly by the company. In 1921 and 1941, mergers with neighboring towns and villages, including Ōmuta, occurred, and in 1941 the city became as large as it is now. The 1941 merger was a side effect of World War II: the government led mergers in many places, thinking it would make municipal administration more efficient. During the war, Ōmuta was bombed in 1944 and 1945, not only in industrial areas, but also downtown. The prisoner-of-war camp \"Fukuoka 17\", where allied prisoners were forced to work in the mines, was located in the outskirts of the city. In 1959, Ōmuta recorded its largest population: 208,877. But Japanese industries began to switch from coal to oil. Coal mining became less profitable, and many mines were closed, but Miike remained one of the biggest coal mines in Japan until its closure in 1997. Many people left the city, since they couldn't find work. This had a major effect on the local economy: many downtown shops closed. In 1960, the Japanese media observed the Miike dispute which was linked with the reform of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between Japan and the United States of America. For the majority of its past in the modern age, Omuta was a coal mining town. However, with the recent closure of the Miike mine, industry has focused elsewhere. Thanks to coal mining, chemical industry was developed. Currently, there is movement in the environmental recycling industry, centered on the generation of electricity from waste products. Another main industry is aluminium refining. Commercial fishing continues out of the port, Kurosaki. The Kyushu Seido-kai designated yakuza syndicate is headquartered in Omuta. Saga and Kumamoto Airports are close, but a great many more passengers transit to or from Omuta through Fukuoka Airport due to its greater number of connecting flights and additional services. The city is serviced by JR Kyushu's Kagoshima Main Line for national intercity rail services which connects the city with Fukuoka, Kurume, Kumamoto or Kagoshima directly. Nishi-Nippon Railroad runs the Tenjin Omuta Line connecting Omuta to Fukuoka, in addition to industrial freight services. Both the Kagoshima Mail Line and the Tenjin Omuta Line stop in Ōmuta at Ōmuta Station. The new Kyūshū Shinkansen line stop at the Shin-Ōmuta Station. General Shuttle and High-Speed buses are provided to nearby cities and airports by Nishi-Nippon Railroad. Ōmuta is serviced by two Japanese national highways (208 & 389). Docks at Port Miike are the main way to approach the city by sea. Ōmuta, Fukuoka , the city has"
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"ABC Radio (United States) ABC Radio is a radio network in the United States. It is under the ownership of The Walt Disney Company, parent company of American Broadcasting Company (ABC), with satellite distribution being handled by Skyview Networks. It launched on January 1, 2015. ABC Radio originally began after the split of NBC Red and NBC Blue (later Blue Network) networks with ABC taking over operations of the latter from RCA in 1943 before adopting its name 2 years later. ABC Radio was known to broadcast the first nationwide report of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Kennedy was shot in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas, at 18:30 UTC on November 22, 1963, and ABC Radio's Don Gardiner anchored the network's initial bulletin at 18:36:50 UTC, minutes before any other radio or television network followed suit. The networks associated with ABC included Watermark Inc. (which ABC bought in 1982), Satellite Music Network (a 1989 purchase), ESPN Radio (launched in 1992) and Radio Disney (debuted in 1996). Despite a number of different owners (Capital Cities Communications and later Disney), the radio division remained under ABC's wing until June 12, 2007, when it was sold to Citadel Broadcasting as well as its O&O stations (not including Radio Disney and ESPN Radio nor its affiliates) in a restructuring effort. The radio division kept the ABC name for about two years until Citadel renamed it Citadel Media. Then on September 16, 2011, Cumulus Media purchased the now-defunct Citadel Broadcasting and rebranded the network division as Cumulus Media Networks. In 2013, Cumulus Media Networks merged with Dial Global Radio Networks to form the current Westwood One. On August 7, 2014, ABC announced that it would relaunch its radio network division on January 1, 2015: the change occurred following the announcement that Cumulus would replace its ABC News radio service with Westwood One News (via CNN). ABC will continue to make its radio news programming (via ABC News Radio and its FM counterpart ABC News Now) available through the network, and will also expand to create new radio programming based on other ABC owned properties such as \"Good Morning America\", \"Dancing With The Stars\", and \"Jimmy Kimmel Live\". Skyview Networks will handle advertising sales and satellite distribution. At the same time, The Walt Disney Company announced plans to discontinue terrestrial broadcasting of all but one of its Radio Disney stations, which by this point were the only stations outside of its four owned-and-operated ESPN Radio affiliates that Disney still owned, and sell off as many as possible (the company has since announced time-leases on HD Radio subchannels to continue airing Radio Disney in several markets). The network succeeded in selling off most of its stations, and as a result the modern ABC Radio does not have any owned-and-operated stations unlike its previous incarnation. By December 23, 2014, ABC News had signed up over 1,000 affiliated stations for at least one of ABC News, ABC Digital and ABC Air Power networks. This included 200 new affiliates and multiple stations affiliating with more than one service. Major new key affiliates added included WTOP-FM, WGN and KFI. In April 2018, ABC announced that it planned to develop new syndicated radio programs with Skyview. ABC Radio (United States) ABC Radio is a radio network in the United States. It is under the ownership of The Walt Disney Company, parent company of American Broadcasting Company (ABC), with satellite distribution being handled by Skyview Networks. It launched on January 1, 2015. ABC Radio originally began after the split of NBC Red and NBC Blue (later Blue Network) networks with ABC"
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"1978 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix The 1978 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix was a women's singles tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Tennis Sporthalle Filderstadt in Filderstadt in West Germany. The event was part of the A category of the 1978 Colgate Series. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 23 October through 29 October 1978. First-seeded Tracy Austin won the singles title, her first as a professional, and earned $6,000 first-prize money as well as a Porsche 924. Tracy Austin defeated Betty Stöve 6–3, 6–3 Tracy Austin / Betty Stöve defeated Mima Jaušovec / Virginia Ruzici 6–3, 6–2 1978 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix The 1978 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix was a women's singles tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Tennis Sporthalle Filderstadt in Filderstadt in West Germany. The event was part of the A category of the 1978 Colgate Series. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 23 October through 29 October 1978. First-seeded Tracy Austin won the singles title, her first as a professional, and earned $6,000 first-prize money as well as a Porsche 924. Tracy Austin defeated Betty Stöve 6–3, 6–3 Tracy"
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"Chinese people in Libya The number of Chinese people in Libya has dramatically dwindled since 2011 after the outbreak of civil war. Commercial activity was destabilized by the civil war and violence that continued afterwards, forcing the evacuation of foreign residents including Chinese. During the 2011 Civil War, over 35,000 Chinese nationals were evacuated. The large number of evacuees owes to the extensive participation of Chinese construction companies operating in Libya which employed Chinese engineers and workers. The successful evacuation of a large number was considered a success especially in comparison to Taiwan, which was unable to evacuate its citizens as quickly. Libya returned to civil war in 2014 and Chinese nationals were evacuated again in May and August. In a statement from a Chinese embassy official reported by Xinhua on August 2, 2014, all but 340 Chinese nationals left the country. Chinese people in Libya The number of Chinese people in Libya has dramatically dwindled since 2011 after the outbreak of civil war. Commercial activity was destabilized by the civil war and violence that continued afterwards, forcing the evacuation of foreign residents including Chinese. During the 2011 Civil War, over 35,000 Chinese nationals were evacuated. The large number of"
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"St. Mary's Church, Meenangadi E.A.E St. Mary's Soonoro Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church, Meenangadi (), is a Marian Pilgrim center of Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church located at Meenangadi in Wayanad district. The Church is under E.A.E Arch Diocese,() the first missionary association of Syriac Orthodox Church, currently under direct control of Ignatius Aphrem II, Patriarch Of the Syriac Orthodox Church. In 2006 the church was elevated to the status of Marian Pilgrim Center, and in 2008 church celebrated its Golden Jubilee. It is the first church which started 8 Day Lent in Malabar Region. The migration of Syrian Christian families from Travancore, especially from Kothamangalam, Perumbavoor and Muvattupuzha to Malabar Region has started in the early 1920s.St. Thomas Church Malankarakunnu is one of the first churches of Syrian Christians at the time, But due to the lack of transportation and mobility in rural areas the people had no access to church.Thus new parishes were established, Meenangadi was one of the major trade hub of Malabar Region. The 20th century schism of the Malankara Church has caused rebuts and tensions. This has caused feud between members of the church to isolation and grouping. In 1958, a caucus confined parishioners from holy sacraments and forced them to move to other parishes for their sacraments. This led to the establishment of the church.Tradition says the parishioners has fasted and prayed and based on the bible verse they found ' (The Bible with the underlined verse is still kept safe). Under the leadership of K.O Varghese, a parishioner took the initiate to build a temporary prayer shed at a high terrain at Meenangadi town area on his land. E.A.E missionary Rev.Fr.Geevarghese Athunkal the founder of E.A.E arrived at Malabar during that time and discussed the establishment of a Church.Mor Yulios Elias Qoro, third patriarchal delegate to Malankara approved the Order for a church from H.H Ignatius Jacob III Patriarch. The new independent church was in the name of St.Mary. The forefathers of church K.O. Varghese Kaniyampadikkal, Varghese Ambhazhatinamkudi, A. Y. Markose, Kuriaykose Kollamkudiyil, Adukalil David, Cholayil Ishaqe, Adakkaravayalil Kuriyakose took the initiative to renovate the church on the land donated by K.O. Varghese.Consecration of the Church was held and the foundation Stone was laid on February 2, 1958. The first Holy Mass was celebrated by the first Vicar 'Malphono Naseeho' Very Rev. Geevarghese Athunkal Corepiscoppa. In 1974 Geevarghese Mor Gregorios Perumpally, Thomas Mor Dhivanyasos (Baselios Thomas I) arrived to the church and conducted consecration of the St.Mary's shrine in Meenangadi-54. In 1976 youth association was started in the church. In 1982 there was grand welcoming for the Apostolic Visit of Patriarch Of Antioch Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas to church with Baselios Paulose II, Catholicos Mor Athanasius Paulose II Metropolitan and Mor Polycarpose Geevarghese metropolitan also supported the church.Baselios Paulose II visited the church frequently and Gifted Relics of Ignatius Elias III to the Church which was installed by Mor Polycarpose Geevarghese metropolitan and the Holy Soonoro was installed on April 28th 1991. According to Orthodox Church tradition, the Virgin Mary died in the presence of all apostles except Thomas the Apostle. At the time of the assumption, Thomas was in India and he returned to Jerusalem and travelled on the sky by the help of Holy Spirit to attend the assumption of Mary. But he was late in arriving and the saint visualised that Mary's body was taken by the Angels. At that time St.Thomas could reach there. Thomas had doubtful nature. In order to convince others he requested to Mary to give him any sign of her for her memory and remembrance. Then a chariot stopped in the air and Mary gave her girdle to Thomas. He showed this girdle to other disciples of Jesus and convinced them. He took this soonoro (girdle) on his journey. Many miracles have been reported since then after touching or even seeing this girdle. St.Thomas and the people believed its power. It was taken to Şanlıurfa, then kept in a church in Homs in Syria. The original girdle is a relic belonging to Saint Mary Church of the Holy Belt.< Saint Thomas apostle kept holy belt with his, After he died as a martyr in Mylapore, the body of Thomas apostle and relics are kept in India. In 394 AD, The holy girdle moved from India to uraha. In the Syriac history of Şanlıurfa(The city has been known by many names in history: Ուռհա \"Uṙha\" in Armenian, ܐܘܪܗܝ \"Urhai\" in Syriac, ره, الرها, \"Ar-Ruhā\" in Arabic and Ορρα, \"Orrha\" in Greek (also Ορροα, \"Orrhoa\").), it is mentioned that on August 22, 705. It was a Greek era. and established in Saint Mary Church of the Holy Belt. This church is also known as Church of Holy Girdle (or)The Church of the Lady of the Girdle .The supreme head Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum Patriarch of Antioch studied about some manuscripts and Garshunian book containing stories and speeches send by the people of Homs in 1852. The archbishop of Homs ordered to renovate the church. On 20 July 1953 A.D, The Holy Girdle discovered from the Altar Of church by Patriarch Ignatius Aphrem I Barsoum in the presence of Alexandros, the Greek Orthodox bishop of Homs, Syria. This girdle is considered to be one of the most important relic in Syriac Orthodox Church. Mor Ignatius Elias III (died February 13, 1932) was the 119th Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch from 1917 to 1932. H.H is buried at the monastery of Manjinikkara Dayara in Kerala, India, where there is are many Syriac Orthodox Christians. The monastery is now a site of pilgrimage for Syriac Orthodox Christians.The church also holds the sacred relics of St. Elias Third. Baselios Paulose II, the second Catholicos/Maphrian of the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church. Baselios Thomas I, Catholicos/Maphrian of the Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church. Mor Yulios Elias Qoro,Third Patriarchal Delegate to Malankara. Mor Athanasius Paulose (Kadavil II)(Metropolitan of E.A.E Arch Diocese) Geevarghese Mor Gregorios Perumbalil(perumbally thirumeni) Mor Clemis Abraham, 'Great Metropolitan of the East' of Knanaya Diocese. <br> Mor Philoxenos Shamuel Metropolitan of Malabar Diocese. Mor Polycarpose Geevarghese (Metropolitan of E.A.E Arch Diocese) Yuhanon Mor Philoxenos Valiya Thirumeni,Bishop Emeritus of Malabar Diocese Rev 'Malphono Naseeho' Athunkal Geevarghese Coreppiscoppa (First Vicar & Founder of the Church) Rev 'Malankara Malpan' Kurien Kaniamparambil Corepiscopa<br> Fr. Philip Pallichira Kathanar(Ass.Vicar of Church During 1958) Fr. Boniface Kathanar,Manglore(Ass.Vicar of Church During 1958) Fr. P.K Mathews Pazhamadam(Ass.Vicar of Church During 1958) Rev Alexander Coreppiscoppa K.O Varghese Kaniyampadikkal(Donated Land and Former Secretary & Trustee of Church,E.A.E Managing Committee Member). Kuriyakose Kollamkudiyil(Former Secretary & Trustee of Church). Kuriyakose Adakkaravayalil(Former Secretary & Trustee of Church). A.K Thomas Adakkaravayalil(Former Secretary & Trustee of Church,E.A.E Managing Committee Member). Addakkaravayalil Yuyakkim Kuriyakose(First Head Master of Sunday School). Varkey Puthuppadi Adivaaram (First verger of the Church). Kanjiramkolath Varkey(First Assistant Reader of Church) Cholyail Pappy(First Assistant Reader of Church) E.A.E Mar Behnam Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church Kallinkara - Cheeral St. Mary's Church, Meenangadi E.A.E St. Mary's Soonoro Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church, Meenangadi (), is a Marian Pilgrim center of Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church located at Meenangadi in Wayanad district. The Church is under E.A.E Arch Diocese,() the first missionary association of Syriac Orthodox Church, currently"
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"Joy Giovanni Joy Giovanni (born January 20, 1978) is an American actress, glamour model, retired professional wrestler, and former professional wrestling valet. She is best known for her time with World Wrestling Entertainment, where she worked on its \"SmackDown!\" brand. She was the first and only winner of the promotion's Rookie Diva of the Year award. Giovanni participated in World Wrestling Entertainment's 2004 Diva Search and although she finished in third place in the competition, WWE signed her to a contract just a few days after her elimination. Her elimination was aired on the September 13 episode of RAW. Giovanni debuted for \"SmackDown!\" on November 18 as a massage therapist, as Joy Giovanni and also acted as special guest bell ringer. On November 14, she and The Big Show hosted a 'Thanksgiving' party, only to be confronted by Luther Reigns. She was later confronted by Luther Reigns again, who tried to force Joy to go on a date with him, causing Big Show to come down and make the save. Joy got into a catfight with Amy Weber on December 16, after Joy gave John Bradshaw Layfield a candy cane. On January 6, 2005 edition of \"Smackdown!\" Joy refused to sign Carlito's petition, resulting in him spitting an apple at her face. On the same episode, Kurt Angle was tricked into walking into Joy's locker room by Amy Weber, only to scare her during her shower which caused her to run out in a towel and into Big Show's arms. He chased Angle to the ring in defense of Joy and attacked him. It was revealed to be a ploy by The Cabinet, to get Big Show and Angle angry at each other. Following this, Joy began another feud with the villainous Amy Weber. The two became involved in Big Show's feud with John \"Bradshaw\" Layfield, with Giovanni serving as a friend and later the on-screen girlfriend of Big Show. The feud included a part on January 13, where Joy was kidnapped and discovered, tied and gagged in JBL's limo trunk by Kurt Angle. During this time Joy and Amy were scheduled for a wrestling match at the order of Theodore Long, which started from a backstage catfight between Amy and herself. As Big Show attacked the entire group, Kurt Angle bragged about the whole thing and being the mastermind behind it as well. On January 20, Kurt Angle was forced to issue an open apology to Joy, but when the Big Show came out, Angle tried to leave the ring only to be get ushered back by The Cabinet. It turned out to be another ploy, as Angle and The Cabinet all attacked Big Show. After Weber's departure from WWE in February 2005, their feud was dropped suddenly and Joy would go on to win the 2005 Rookie Diva of the Year contest at No Way Out after beating out Michelle McCool, Rochelle Loewen, and Lauren Jones. On February 21 at a live event, Joy competed in a bikini contest which was won by Torrie Wilson. After winning the contest, Joy and her fellow \"Smackdown\" wrestlers would become involved in brief feuds with Dawn Marie and Melina. Following these feuds, she occasionally appeared on \"SmackDown!\" during backstage segments with other wrestlers or occasional bikini and lingerie contests, including one on April 7, where she and other wrestlers competed in a Vivas Las Vegas bikini match, which Torrie also won. She was released from her contract due to budget cuts on July 6, 2005. Giovanni returned at WWE's WrestleMania XXV making her official in-ring debut in a 25-Diva Battle Royal to determine the first Miss WrestleMania alongside various other past and present WWE Divas but was eliminated second by the Bella Twins. Giovanni won the 2001 L.A. Model Expo. She competed in the 2004 and 2005 Lingerie Bowl events. She was also a panelist for the G4 show \"Video Game Vixens\". In 2004 and 2005, respectively, she appeared in the films \"Instinct vs. Reason\" and \"When All Else Fails\". Giovanni had a role in Avenged Sevenfold's music video, Beast and the Harlot in 2006. In 2007, Giovanni starred in the film \"Pretty Cool Too\" as June. In preparation for Wrestlemania 21, Giovanni took part in numerous promo videos, including a Taxi Driver parody. Giovanni appears as a playable character in WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw 2006. Giovanni is of Italian descent. Since January 2010, she is now working an internship for a chiropractor in Los Angeles, California. She also recently got re-certified in massage therapy for a new business venture she is working on. In 2014 she started a massage therapy business in San Diego, California. Giovanni has a son, who was born on October 20, 1998. Joy Giovanni Joy Giovanni (born January 20, 1978) is an American actress, glamour model,"
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"Ormsgill Ormsgill is a ward of Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England. It is bordered by Hindpool, Parkside, Hawcoat, Roanhead and Walney Channel. The population of the ward in 2001 stood at 5,961 (2,883 male and 3,078 female),increasing to 6,033 at the 2011 Census. Almost three quarters of Ormsgill is greenspace, with the majority of residents living in the densely populated south-east corridor. The western part of the ward is predominantly industrial and includes a large Kimberly-Clark plant and numerous other industrial estates which provide a base for companies including Blyth, BT, Gyrodata, McBride and Oil States International. Ormsgill is one of the longest settled areas of what is now Barrow. It is home to the town's oldest continuously inhabited building; Ormsgill Farm House dated 1605. The building is Grade II* listed. Other sites of interest in the ward include High Cocken, former residence of George Romney, and Thorncliffe Cemetery and Crematorium, the largest graveyard in the borough. Ormsgill Ormsgill is a ward of Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England. It is bordered by Hindpool, Parkside, Hawcoat, Roanhead and Walney Channel. The population of the ward in 2001 stood at 5,961 (2,883 male and 3,078 female),increasing to 6,033 at the 2011 Census. Almost three quarters of"
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"Nicola Fago Francesco Nicola Fago, 'II Tarantino' (26 February 1677 – 18 February 1745) was an Italian Baroque composer and teacher. He was the father of Lorenzo Fago (1704-1793). Born in Taranto, in the Apulia region, he studied music under Francesco Provenzale at the Conservatorio della Pietà dei Turchini in Naples between 1693-95. Between 1704-08 he worked at the \"Conservatorio Sant'Onofrio\", but from 1705-40 he was based at the \"Conservatorio della Pietà dei Turchini\", where his pupils included Leonardo Leo, Francesco Feo, Giuseppe de Majo, Niccolo Jommelli, Nicola Sala, Michele de Falco, Carmine Giordani as well as his own son, Lorenzo. From 1709-31, Nicola Fago served at the \"Tesoro di San Gennaro\". He died in Naples in 1745. Nicola Fago Francesco Nicola Fago, 'II Tarantino' (26 February 1677 – 18 February 1745) was an Italian Baroque composer and teacher. He was the father of Lorenzo Fago (1704-1793). Born in Taranto, in the Apulia region, he studied music under Francesco Provenzale at the Conservatorio della Pietà dei Turchini in Naples between 1693-95. Between 1704-08 he worked at the \"Conservatorio Sant'Onofrio\", but from 1705-40 he was based at the \"Conservatorio della Pietà dei Turchini\", where his pupils included Leonardo Leo, Francesco Feo,"
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"Akmaral Arystanbekova Akmaral Khaidarovna Arystanbekova (born 12 May 1948; ; ) is a Kazakhstani diplomat. She was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan from November 1989 to December 1991, and the first Permanent Representative (ambassador) of Kazakhstan to the United Nations from 1992 to 1999. She became in 1992 the fourth woman ambassador among 176 member states of the United Nations. After her UN assignment, she also served as Ambassador of Kazakhstan to France (1999–2003) and Permanent Representative to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (1999–2001). Arystanbekova has held the diplomatic rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Kazakhstan since 1993. Arystanbekova also holds a doctorate degree in world history and is fluent in English and French. Ms. Arystanbekova was born in Almaty on 12 May 1948 to parents Khaidar Arystanbekov and Sharbanu Nurmuhamedova. She graduated with honors from the Kazakh State University, Alma-Ata with Bachelor of Science in Chemistry in 1971 and in 1975 followed up with Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D). She continued her professional career as a faculty member at the Kazakh State University from 1975-1978. In 1978-1983 she served as Chief Secretary of the Central Committee Kazakh Komsomol. She also served as Deputy Chairman from 1983-1984 and then as chairman from 1984-1989 of the Presidium of the Kazakh Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries. Ms. Arystanbekova became the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan Government of Kazakhstan in November 1989 and served till December 1991. In December 1991 she was assigned to New York to make preparations for Kazakhstan's entry to the United Nations which took place on 2 March 1992. At that time she worked in the Permanent Mission of the USSR, later the Russian Federation, as a Senior counselor. From April 1992 to October 1999 Ms. Arystanbekova served as the first Permanent Representative of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the United Nations. In 1996-1999 she also was Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Kazakhstan to Cuba (non-resident). During 1994-1995 she was a Vice-President of the 49th session of the UN General Assembly. Her other roles in the UN were as Vice-Chairman of the Executive Board of UNICEF in 1998, and Vice-Chairman of the First Committee of 53rd UN General Assembly session during 1998. She completed her assignment as Permanent Representative of Kazakhstan to the United Nations in October 1999 when Kofi Annan, was the Secretary-General. Upon completion of the UN assignment she worked as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Kazakhstan to France in 1999-2003 and Permanent Delegate to the UNESCO (1999-2001).Since 2003 she has served as Ambassador at Large of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. She is the author of six monographs and numerous scholarly papers on international relations and world politics in domestic and foreign publications and she gives lectures at universities as a professor of the international studies. She is recipient of awards from the Supreme Council of Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics, Moscow in 1970 and 1981, and the Kurmat Order in 1996. Akmaral Arystanbekova Akmaral Khaidarovna Arystanbekova (born 12 May 1948; ; ) is a Kazakhstani diplomat. She was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan from November 1989 to December 1991, and the first Permanent Representative (ambassador) of Kazakhstan to the United Nations from 1992 to 1999. She became in 1992 the fourth woman ambassador among 176 member states of the United Nations. After her UN assignment, she also served as Ambassador of Kazakhstan to France (1999–2003) and Permanent Representative to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (1999–2001). Arystanbekova"
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"High End Systems High End Systems is an Austin, Texas-based manufacturer of entertainment lighting and control systems. The embryo of the company, Blackstone Audio Video, was founded in 1972 by Lowell and Sue Fowler. Later on High End Systems was founded, owned, and managed by Lowell Fowler, Richard Belliveau, and Bob Schacherl before it was bought by Belgium-based Barco in 2008. Lowell Fowler founded Blackstone Audio Visual with his wife Sue. Richard Belliveau set out to install more advanced lighting equipment in nightclubs, when he began working for Blackstone Audio Visual. Blackstone Audio Visual moved from central Austin to offices in north Austin in the mid 1980s. By this time, Bob Schacherl, who was one of the first employees of the company, had become a partner. The three partners installed Pulsar, Clay Paky, Coemar, Optikinetics, JEM, and other European brands that were difficult to find in North America. At the same time, Belliveau began designing and building loudspeakers especially for nightclubs and discothèques. Blackstone Audio Visual specialized in installing high end audio, video, and lighting systems in nightclubs all over the United States. But Belliveau was unhappy with the design of many of the products they were selling, so he began to design his own. In 1987, Belliveau began experimenting with dichroic filters and designed a color fading lighting instrument called Color Pro. It used three MR-16 lamps to crossfade between colors, which was unique at the time. In the process, it was discovered that dichroic filters, which are color-tuned thin-film filters deposited on hardened glass, were very expensive. Belliveau bought a used vacuum chamber and directed employees to re-build it for the purpose of manufacturing their own dichroic filters. At the time, there were no other lighting companies that made their own dichroic filters. Color Pro was distributed worldwide through a newly established distributor network. Around the same time, Belliveau set up a manufacturing division called Lightwave Research for the purpose of designing and building new products. Another new company called High End Systems was incorporated in order to separate the installation company, Blackstone Audio Visual, from the sales and distribution of equipment The next products to be designed and built were the Laser Chorus and Dataflash. Laser Chorus was a multiple-head laser system with 4.9-milliwatt gas laser tubes available in red, yellow, green, and orange. The heads were controlled by a microprocessor-based controller and they were capable of producing effects such as tunnels, planes, and various other geometric shapes and patterns. Because they were not over 5 milliwatts they were Class IIIA lasers and did not require a variance to operate in most states in the U.S. Dataflash was a multi-head, microprocessor-controlled strobe system with DMX512 control. It was used on high-profile tours, including the Michael Jackson Dangerous tour, as well as in nightclubs. Intellabeam automated light was introduced in 1989. Until that time, most automated lighting in the live event production industry were rented, and Vari-Lite dominated the concert and touring market. This allowed production companies to buy their own automated lighting and rent them for concert tours and corporate events. In 2000, High End Systems introduced a digital projection system with a video projector, Orbital Mirror Head, and a DMX-controlled media server that interfaced with a lighting console. It allowed a lighting programmer to program the video switching and effects into the lighting console and play them back as part of the light show. The first such system was called Catalyst, but Catalyst evolved into the DMX-controlled media server in 2002 while the Orbital Mirror Head was marketed alone. Up until that point, media servers were manually-operated systems where the media, either tape or video computer files, were switched using a push button matrix switcher or a T-handle switcher to crossfade between sources. That era marked the beginning of High End Systems’ immersion in digital luminaires. Soon after Catalyst, they introduced the DL.1 Digital Luminaire, a moving yoke projection system under the control of DMX512. It required the use of an external media server but the next evolutions of the product, the DL.2, DL.3, and DL.V all have media servers built in. The integration of media servers in their digital luminaires led to the development of another media server, the Axon Media Server. In 2017, High End Systems was acquired by Electronic Theatre Controls. High End Systems High End Systems is an Austin, Texas-based manufacturer of entertainment lighting and control systems. The embryo of the company, Blackstone Audio Video, was founded in 1972 by Lowell and Sue Fowler. Later on High End Systems was founded, owned, and managed by Lowell Fowler, Richard Belliveau, and Bob Schacherl before it was bought by Belgium-based Barco in 2008. Lowell Fowler founded Blackstone Audio Visual with his wife Sue. Richard Belliveau set out to install more advanced lighting equipment in"
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"Albion Market Albion Market was a British soap opera, set in a covered market in Salford, in the northwest of England. It was intended as a companion to fellow ITV soap \"Coronation Street\", starting at 7:00 pm on Fridays and Sundays. However, due to continued troubles and ratings competition from the BBC's \"Open All Hours\", the series was only broadcast for one year, before being replaced with additional episodes of \"Coronation Street\". \"Albion Market\" launched in August 1985, four months before \"Coronation Street\" celebrated its 25th anniversary. Granada Studios dubbed it a \"continuing drama series\", considering the term \"soap opera\" derogatory. The show ran twice weekly on Friday and Sunday night; at the time, 7.00 pm on Fridays and Sundays were considered \"graveyard slots\", usually broadcasting game shows or American imports. Very quickly, the Sunday episodes were moved back to around 6.00 pm, and LWT later dropped the Friday episode and instead broadcast a double bill of the series at 5.00 pm on Sundays. At the series launch, the chairman of Granada Television claimed that \"When \"Coronation Street\" celebrates its Golden anniversary, \"Albion Market\" will be celebrating its silver anniversary\". Despite this, the show lasted for only one year. The show received negative reviews from critics and did not do well in the ratings. Many noted that the actual storyline rarely strayed from the confines of the market itself. The long-suffering market superintendent Derek Owen (David Hargeaves) was the primary focus; his day usually began with the difficult task of assigning the few unowned stalls to the large number of casual traders. Prominent among these were Lynn Harrison (Noreen Kershaw) and her ex-convict husband Roy (Jonathan Barlow); while the regular traders included the gossiping ceramics dealer Morris Ransome (Bernard Spear) and handsome lothario and cake seller Tony Fraser (John Michie). The series struggled to attract a sizeable audience. Characters were bogged down by the business of running their stalls, and the sheer drabness of the set compounded the monotony. After this faltering start, compounded by Michael Grade's success with his newly rearranged schedules for the BBC, Granada attempted to change direction and bring in both glamour and familiar actors. Despite attempts to encourage viewing figures by bringing in \"Coronation Street\" actor Antony Booth and singer Helen Shapiro, the ratings did not improve, and some ITV regions dropped the series from their peak-time schedules. The show was cancelled after just 100 episodes. For many years, the outdoor location with its distinctive arch-shaped \"Albion Market\" sign above the River Irwell remained intact. When the Granada Tours Experience was closed in 1999, the sign was removed, and the building which was once \"Albion Market\" was sold. It now forms part of the Victoria and Albert Hotel. Albion Market Albion Market was a British soap opera, set in a covered market in Salford, in the northwest of England. It was intended as a companion to fellow ITV soap \"Coronation Street\", starting at 7:00 pm on Fridays and Sundays. However, due to continued troubles and"
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"Rose Valley, Pennsylvania Rose Valley is a small, historic borough in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its area is , and the population was 913 at the 2010 census. The area was settled by Quaker farmers in 1682, and later water mills along Ridley Creek drove manufacturing in the nineteenth century. In 1901 Rose Valley was founded as an Arts and Crafts community by architect Will Price, who bought of land around the former Rose Valley textile mill. Price was a follower of Henry George's economics (Georgism). Price also co-founded Arden, Delaware, a utopian single tax community based on Henry George's economic model. Nevertheless, the Georgist single-tax ideal was never implemented in Rose Valley. Crafts works soon foundered, leaving a legacy of impressive architecture, a preserved landscape, and a regional theatre, the Hedgerow Theatre (founded in 1923), as well as an artistic community that includes writers, painters, and architects. As a former mayor said, \"Rose Valley is an island of non-conformity.\" The Rose Valley Historic District, covering essentially all of the borough, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. Native Americans of the Leni Lenape or Delaware tribe lived in the area when Europeans began arriving. A major trade route, the Great Minquas Path, passed through the site of the present borough, along Long Point, a hairpin turn in Ridley Creek, and then across the creek and through the center of the borough. Furs were carried along the path from Native Americans on the Susquehanna River to European traders on the Schuylkill and Delaware rivers. Soon after William Penn received his charter for the Colony of Pennsylvania, three brothers, Thomas, Robert, and Randall Vernon, received land grants from Penn to settle over in the present borough of Rose Valley and Nether Providence Township. The brothers arrived in Pennsylvania in 1682 and began farming the area, about north of Chester, which was then the largest settlement in the colony. Though the brothers purchased their land in 1681 while still in London, the land was not surveyed and patents were not granted for the land until years, perhaps decades, later. The Providence Great Road (now PA 252), just to the north of the borough, was laid out in the 1680s, and Brookhaven Road, on the borough's eastern boundary, was laid out in 1705. Randall Vernon's house was built before 1700, and still stands. Robert Vernon may have built the house known as the \"Bishop White House\" about 1695. The name of the house comes from its use by the family of Bishop William White during the yellow fever epidemic of 1793 in Philadelphia. Though the bishop visited the house, he generally stayed in Philadelphia in 1793. Will Price modified this house after 1900, adding a stone porch and red tile roof. The Vernon families continued living in the area into the nineteenth century. The American Revolution split family members, who served as soldiers on both the American and British sides. Many veterans of the Revolution are buried in now unmarked graves in the cemetery of the Old Union Methodist Church, the only church in the borough. The roots of the church may go back to 1804, and it was officially organized in 1811. The current building dates to 1835. Following the Revolution, land in the southwest corner of the present borough was confiscated from a Vernon family member who had supported the British. The land was eventually sold to Jacob Benninghove, a Philadelphia tobacconist, who built a large mansion there in 1787. About the same time, he built a dam on Ridley Creek and a water-powered snuff mill. Samuel Bankcroft bought the house in 1831 and named it Todmorden Mansion. He lost the house in bankruptcy in 1842, but bought it back in 1857 and lived there until 1889. He built tunnels and secret chambers in the house for use in the Underground Railroad. At least three mills operated in the area of Rose Valley. Little remains except a silted-in dam pond of what may have been the earliest mill, located on Vernon Run near the present Pool and Tennis Club. Near the Bishop White House, on Ridley Creek, the remains of a dam and millrace can be seen leading up to the \"Old Mill\", which is now used as the town hall. Benninghove's snuff mill was likely built here c. 1789. Between 1826 and 1850 it was run as a paper mill. It was reconstructed as a textile mill in 1861 and burned down in 1885. After 1900 Will Price built a furniture mill or craft shop on the foundations and later it was used as a meeting hall. After extensive fire damage, it was reconstructed into today's town hall. Hutton's mill, on Rose Valley Road by Vernon Run, was built about 1840 as a feed mill. In 1847 it became a turning mill. It was used to produce bobbins for the nearby textile mill as well as serving as a warehouse. Later it produced sandpaper. Will Price also reconstructed this mill into a meeting house and theater. It also suffered fire damage, was again reconstructed, and now houses the Hedgerow Theatre. Under the leadership of Will Price, the Rose Valley Association was formed in July 1901 to start an arts and crafts project and buy about of land, an area that is the nucleus of today's borough. Investors contributed about $25,000 in capital, including $9,000 borrowed from nearby Swarthmore College to buy and improve the land. Price's vision may have been modelled on the utopian socialist society described in \"News from Nowhere\" by William Morris. Price's liberal views led to some misconceptions about the project, according to his niece Eleanore Price Mather: \"First, it was not a free love colony. Second it was not single tax ... And third, it was not communistic. Rose Valley was essentially an arts and crafts project.\" Price had led a discussion group, including Edward Bok and brothers Samuel and Joseph Fels, and many in this group became investors or residents in Rose Valley. Other early residents included Hawley McLanahan, who became Price's architectural partner; McLanahan's father-in-law Charles T. Schoen; Price's employees at his architectural firm; and his relatives, including his brother Walter, also an architect. Feminist Anna Howard Shaw lived nearby. Administration of the project was in the form of a town meeting, called the \"Folk Mote\". The Rose Valley Association did not produce arts and crafts itself, but rather rented out working space to craftsmen, and provided them housing, generally designed or renovated by Price. The crafts were sold from Price's office at 1624 Walnut Street in Philadelphia. Furniture, as well as ceramics and book binding, were produced at the Old Mill until about 1907. A journal, \"The Artsman\", was published from 1903-1907. An art gallery was located in the old bobbin mill, then called \"Artsman's Hall\", and, starting in 1904, run by well-known artist Alice Barber Stephens, who lived in the mill until a nearby barn was converted by Price into her house, Thunderbird Lodge. Artsman's Hall was also used for theater, with the first play \"The Carpet Bagger's Revenge\" presented on New Year's Eve, 1904. Eventually the building became used solely by the Hedgerow Theatre, which is still active. By 1910, however, craft production had faded and the community had become essentially a commuter suburb of Philadelphia, using the nearby Moylan - Rose Valley Station. The buildings designed or renovated by Price during this period may be Rose Valley's major achievement. According to George E. Thomas, \"Rose Valley is of exceptional importance, a major American architectural landmark.\" After 1910 Schoen, McLanahan, and Price bought the remaining land from the Rose Valley Association, and Price designed the \"Rose Valley Improvement Company Houses\" near the old bobbin mill. As a group, these are the most important group of houses designed, rather than renovated, by Price in Rose Valley. In 1926 a Pennsylvania State historic marker was installed on Rose Valley Road to the south of Thunderbird",
"By 1910, however, craft production had faded and the community had become essentially a commuter suburb of Philadelphia, using the nearby Moylan - Rose Valley Station. The buildings designed or renovated by Price during this period may be Rose Valley's major achievement. According to George E. Thomas, \"Rose Valley is of exceptional importance, a major American architectural landmark.\" After 1910 Schoen, McLanahan, and Price bought the remaining land from the Rose Valley Association, and Price designed the \"Rose Valley Improvement Company Houses\" near the old bobbin mill. As a group, these are the most important group of houses designed, rather than renovated, by Price in Rose Valley. In 1926 a Pennsylvania State historic marker was installed on Rose Valley Road to the south of Thunderbird Lodge. It commemorates the Great Minquas Path, a Native American trail that ran nearby. It features a sculpture of a beaver by Albert Laessle. Rose Valley is located in central Delaware County, south of Media, the county seat, and north of Chester. It is bordered by Nether Providence Township to the north, east, and south, and by Middletown Township to the west. Ridley Creek, a south-flowing tributary of the Delaware River, forms the western boundary of the borough. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the borough of Rose Valley has an area of , all of it land. As of Census 2010, the racial makeup of the borough was 93.1% White, 1.6% African American, 0.1% Native American, 2.8% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.1% of the population . As of the census of 2000, there were 944 people, 347 households, and 292 families residing in the borough. The population density was 1,332.8 people per square mile (513.4/km²). There were 351 housing units at an average density of 495.6 per square mile (190.9/km²). The racial makeup of the borough was 95.34% White, 1.59% African American, 0.11% Native American, 1.69% Asian, 0.32% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.22% of the population. There were 347 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.9% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.6% were non-families. 12.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 2.99. In the borough the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 3.6% from 18 to 24, 19.6% from 25 to 44, 34.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males. The median income for a household in the borough was $114,373, and the median income for a family was $118,637. Males had a median income of $91,184 versus $47,031 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $54,202. About 1.7% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 1.9% of those age 65 or over. Rose Valley lies within the Wallingford-Swarthmore School District. Nether Providence Elementary School and Wallingford Elementary School serves students in grades K-5, Strath Haven Middle School serves students in grades 6-8, and Strath Haven High School serves students in grades 9-12. Rose Valley, Pennsylvania Rose Valley is a small, historic borough in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its area is , and the population was 913 at the 2010 census. The area was settled by Quaker farmers in 1682, and later water mills along Ridley Creek drove manufacturing in the nineteenth century. In 1901 Rose Valley was founded as an Arts and Crafts community by architect Will Price, who bought of land around the former Rose Valley textile mill. Price was a follower of Henry George's economics (Georgism). Price also co-founded Arden, Delaware, a utopian single tax community based on Henry"
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"Ajay Sharma Ajay Kumar Sharma (born 3 April 1964, in Delhi) is a former Indian cricketer. Sharma was a prolific run-maker in first-class cricket, mainly for Delhi, scoring over 10,000 runs at the high average of 67.46. Given a minimum qualification of 50 innings, only three players (Sir Donald Bradman, Vijay Merchant and George Headley) have bettered this average in first-class cricket. In the Ranji Trophy, Sharma scored a record 31 centuries and his batting average of approximately 80 in this competition is second only to Vijay Merchant. In the 1996-97 season, he became only the third player to score over 1000 runs in a Ranji Trophy season. He played in six Ranji Trophy finals for Delhi scoring centuries in four of them, but only twice ended up on the winning side (1985–86 and 1991–92). Sharma also regularly represented North Zone in the Duleep Trophy. Despite his domestic scoring record, Sharma only played one Test match for India - against the West Indies in January 1988. He played 31 One Day Internationals for India from 1988 to 1993. In December 1988, he scored back-to-back fifties against New Zealand, but he did not reach those heights again except for a 59 not out (his highest ODI score) against Zimbabwe in March 1993. He finished with 424 runs at a batting average of 20.19. Sharma also took 15 wickets using his left-arm spin with a best of 3/41 against Australia in October 1989. In 2000, aged 36, his career ended when he received a life ban from cricket after he was implicated in a match-fixing scandal. In September 2014, Sharma was cleared from all charges related to match-fixing by Delhi district court and has asked the BCCI to allow him to take part in the board's activities and those of its associates. Ajay Sharma Ajay Kumar Sharma (born 3 April 1964, in Delhi) is a former Indian cricketer. Sharma was a prolific run-maker in first-class cricket, mainly for Delhi, scoring over 10,000 runs at the high average of 67.46. Given a minimum qualification of 50 innings, only three players (Sir Donald Bradman, Vijay Merchant and George Headley) have bettered this average in first-class cricket. In the Ranji Trophy, Sharma scored a record 31 centuries and his batting average of approximately 80 in this competition is second only to Vijay Merchant. In the 1996-97 season, he became only the third player to score"
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"Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics The Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET) program was a Canadian program established in the early 1990s with the goal of using voluntary measures to reduce or eliminate harmful substances. The program was started by the New Directions Group (NDG), a group of senior industry representatives and Environmental Non-Government Organizations (ENGOs). After Environment Canada formally supported the initiative in 1991, the ARET Stakeholder committee was formed to participate in the program. The committee consisted of representatives from industry, provincial and federal governments, health and environmental groups, and labour organizations. The committee first evaluated a list of over 2000 chemicals, scoring them on the basis of toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation capability. By 1994, the evaluation was complete and a resulting list of 117 toxic substances were slated by the committee for voluntary elimination or reduction by the year 2000. The success of the ARET program is disputed. While Environment Canada states that over 70,000 tonnes of toxic substances were prevented from release because of the success of the program, the multi-stakeholder nature of the committee lead to disagreements over which substances would be given priority. Environmental and labour groups withdrew from the committee over the emphasis placed on \"reductions\", rather than \"eliminations\", of these substances by industry representatives. Nils Axel Braathen also claims that knowing to what extent the reductions were actual improvements from the \"business-as-usual\" reduction scenario is very difficult, meaning that the net environmental benefits were questionable. Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics The Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET) program was a Canadian program established in the early 1990s with the goal of using voluntary measures to reduce or eliminate harmful substances. The program was started by the New Directions Group (NDG), a group of senior industry representatives and Environmental Non-Government Organizations (ENGOs). After Environment Canada formally supported"
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"Sergio Ottolina Sergio Ottolina (born 23 November 1942) is an Italian former sprinter. He won a bronze medal in the 200 m at the 1962 European Athletics Championships and a silver medal in the sprint medley relay at the 1966 European Indoor Games. On 24 June 1964 he set a European record in the 200 m at 20.4 seconds that stood for three years. He competed at the 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics in five individual and team sprint events in total, with the best achievements of seven place in the 4 × 100 m relay (1964 and 1968) and in the 4 × 400 m relay (1968). Ottolina retired from competitions shortly before the 1972 Games due to a motorcycle accident. Sergio Ottolina Sergio Ottolina (born 23 November 1942) is an Italian former sprinter. He won a bronze medal in the 200 m at the 1962 European Athletics Championships and a silver medal in the sprint medley relay at the 1966 European Indoor Games. On 24 June 1964 he set a European record in the 200 m at 20.4 seconds that stood for three years. He competed at the 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics in five individual and team"
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"Desultor In antiquity, the term \"apobates\" (Greek, \"one who gets off\") or \"desultor\" (Latin \"one who leaps down\") has been applied to individuals skilled at leaping from one horse or chariot to another. As early as the Homeric times, we find the description of a man, who keeps four horses abreast at full gallop, and leaps from one to another, amidst a crowd of admiring spectators. Eustathius on Homer's \"Iliad\", Lib. IV, assures us that riders might have up to six horses all abreast. In the games of the Roman circus, this sport was also very popular. The Roman desultor generally rode only two horses at the same time, sitting on them without a saddle, and vaulting upon either of them at his pleasure. He wore a hat or cap made of felt. The taste for these exercises was carried to so great an extent, that young men of the highest rank not only drove bigae and quadrigae in the circus, but exhibited these feats of horsemanship. Among other nations, this level of equestrian dexterity was applied to the purposes of war. Livy mentions a troop of horse in the Numidian army, in which each soldier was supplied with a couple of horses, and in the heat of battle, and when clad in armor, would leap with the greatest ease and celerity from a horse which was tired or disabled, upon the back of the horse which was still sound and fresh. Desultor In antiquity, the term \"apobates\" (Greek, \"one who gets off\") or \"desultor\" (Latin \"one who leaps down\") has been applied to individuals skilled at leaping from one horse or chariot to another. As early as the Homeric times, we find the description of a man, who keeps four horses abreast at full gallop, and leaps from one"
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"Burkhard Dick Burkhard Dick (born 1963 in Brake, Lower Saxony) is a German ophthamologist who has specialized in refractive and cataract surgery. With his many contributions to the scientific literature on this topic, he is considered one of the pioneers of employing the femtosecond laser in cataract surgery. In the \"Power List 2018\" ranking of the world's most influential ophthalmologists by the publication The Ophthalmologist, Burkhard Dick was listed among the Top 20. Dick attended high school in his hometown of Brake and graduated in 1983. After studying medicine at University of Giessen, he began his specialization as an eye surgeon. As a board certified ophthalmologist, Dick in 1996 joined the eye hospital of the University of Mainz where he became a full professor in 2003. In 2006, Dick was appointed chair of the department of ophthalmology at the University of Bochum and director of the University Eye Clinic. He turned the clinic into one of the surgical centers with the highest number of cataract patients treated with the femtosecond laser, a new technology which has the potential to improve the precision of cataract surgery which is the most frequent surgical intervention in North America and Europe. Burkhard Dick is currently president of the German Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (DGII). Dick has published a large number of scientific articles and book chapters on various issues in eye surgery. He has informed the medical community about his experience with the femtosecond laser in special cases like patients with Marfan syndrome, with advanced cataracts, in pediatric cataracts and in individuals who had undergone corneal refractive surgery or are suffering from corneal disease. Dick currently acts as president of the German Association of Caratact Surgeons (DGII); in July 2016 the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) bestowed the Senior Achievement Award on him for his numerous lectures and instructional courses during annual AAO meetings. Dick is one of the editors of the first textbook to summarize the different applications of the femtosecond laser in ophthalmology, published by Thieme Medical Publishers, New York, in early 2018. Burkhard Dick Burkhard Dick (born 1963 in Brake, Lower Saxony) is a German ophthamologist who has specialized in refractive and cataract surgery. With his many contributions to the scientific literature on this topic, he is considered one of the pioneers of employing the femtosecond laser in cataract surgery. In the \"Power List 2018\" ranking of the world's"
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"* Distinctive yellow stitching on Dr. Martens shoe. \n\n * Inside of pre-2003 Dr. Martens made in England. \n\n * Inside of post-2003 Dr. Martens made in Thailand. \n\n * Sole of pre-2003 Dr. Martens made in England \n\n * Sole of post-2003 Dr. Martens made in Thailand. \n\n * Dr. Martens logo stamped on the outer side of a boot. \n\n * Floral-patterned Dr. Martens boots \n\n\n\n The boots and shoes became popular in the 1990s as grunge fashion arose. In late November 1994, a six-storey Dr. Martens department store was opened in Covent Garden in London which sold food, belts, and watches, as well as shoes. At this time the R. Griggs company employed 2,700 people, expected to earn annual revenue of £170 million, and could produce up to 10 million pairs of shoes per year. Dr. Martens sponsored Rushden & Diamonds F.C. from 1998 to 2005. Diamonds approached owner and local businessman, Max Griggs to request sponsorship from his company. A new main stand was built at Nene Park in 2001, named the Airwair Stand. Dr. Martens were also the principal sponsors of Premier League club, West Ham United F.C., renaming the upgraded west stand' The Dr Martens Stand' until 2009. \n Worldwide sales of Dr. Martens shoes grew strongly in the early 2010s, and in 2012 it was assessed as being the eighth fastest-growing British company. Over 100 million pairs of Dr. Martens shoes have been sold from 1960 to 2010, and in 2010, the company offered 250 different models of footwear. The R. Griggs company opened 14 new Dr. Martens retail stores in the United Kingdom, United States and Hong Kong between 2009 and 2011, and also launched a line of clothing during 2011. In 1999 Dr Martens battled it out in counter lawsuits in US Courts. Dr Martens brand began a number of lawsuits in 2016 based on trademark law primarily \n In the 2000s, Dr. Martens were sold exclusively under the AirWair name, and came in dozens of different styles, including conventional black shoes, sandals and steel-toed boots. AirWair International's revenue fell from US$412 million in 1999 to $127 million in 2006. In 2003, the Dr. Martens company came close to bankruptcy. On 1 April that year, under pressure from declining sales, the company ceased making shoes in the United Kingdom, and moved all production to China and Thailand. Five factories and two shops were closed in the UK as a result of this decision, and more than 1,000 of the firm's employees lost their jobs. Following the closures, the R. Griggs company employed only 20 people in the UK, all of whom were located in the firm's head office. 5 million pairs of Dr. Martens were sold during 2003, which was half the level of annual sales during the 1990s. \n In October 2013, the private equity company Permira acquired R. Griggs Group Limited (the owner of the Dr. Martens brand) for a consideration of £300m. \n The first Dr. Martens boots in the United Kingdom came out on 1 April 1960 (known as style 1460 and still in production today), with an eight-eyelet oxblood coloured smooth leather design. Dr. Martens boots were made in their Cobbs Lane factory in Wollaston, Northamptonshire (which is still operating today). In addition, a number of shoe manufacturers in the Northamptonshire area produced DMs under licence, as long as they passed quality standards. The boots were popular among workers such as postmen, police officers and factory workers. By the later 1960s, skinheads started to wear them, \"dms\" being the usual naming, and by the late 1970s, they were popular among scooter riders, punks, some new wave musicians, and members of other youth subcultures. The shoes' popularity among skinheads led to the brand gaining an association with violence. Alexei Sayle sang the song \"Dr. Martens' Boots\" in a 1982 episode of the British TV comedy The Young Ones. \n Dr. Martens is a British footwear and clothing brand, which also makes a range of accessories–shoe care products, clothing, luggage, etc. In addition to Dr. Martens, they are also commonly known as Doctor Martens, Doc Martens, or Docs. The footwear is distinguished by its air-cushioned sole (dubbed Bouncing Soles), upper shape, welted construction and yellow stitching. The boots have been the choice of footwear among various groups in British culture:in the 1960s skinheads started to wear them, \"Docs\", being the usual naming, and by the late 1980s, they were popular among scooter riders, punks, some new wave musicians, and members of other youth subcultures. \n Märtens did not have much success selling his shoes until he met up with an old university friend, Herbert Funck, a Luxembourger, in Munich in 1947. Funck was intrigued by the new shoe design, and the two went into business that year in Seeshaupt, Germany, using discarded rubber from Luftwaffe airfields. The comfortable soles were a big hit with housewives, with 80% of sales in the first decade to women over the age of 40. \n In 2006, Griggs' 1960 Dr. Martens AirWair boot was named in the list of British design icons which included Concorde, Mini, Jaguar E-Type, Aston Martin DB5, Supermarine Spitfire, Tube map, World Wide Web and the AEC Routemaster bus. \n Klaus Märtens was a doctor in the German army during World War II. While on leave in 1945, he injured his ankle while skiing in the Bavarian Alps. He found that his standard-issue army boots were too uncomfortable on his injured foot. While recuperating, he designed improvements to the boots, with soft leather and air-padded soles made of tires. When the war ended and some Germans recovered valuables from their own cities, Märtens took leather from a cobbler's shop. With that leather he made himself a pair of boots with air-cushioned soles. \n Sales had grown so much by 1952 that they opened a factory in Munich. In 1959, the company had grown large enough that Märtens and Funck looked at marketing the footwear internationally. Almost immediately, British shoe manufacturer R. Griggs Group Ltd. bought patent rights to manufacture the shoes in the United Kingdom. Griggs anglicised the name, slightly re-shaped the heel to make them fit better, added the trademark yellow stitching, and trademarked the soles as AirWair. \n In 2004 a new range of Dr. Martens was launched in an attempt to appeal to a wider market, and especially young people. The shoes and boots were intended to be more comfortable, and easier to break in, and included some new design elements. Dr. Martens also began producing footwear again at the Cobbs Lane Factory in Wollaston, England in 2004. These products are part of the \"Vintage\" line, which the company advertises as being made to the original specifications. Sales of these shoes are low in comparison to those made in Asia, however; in 2010, the factory was producing about 50 pairs per day. In 2005, the R. Griggs company was given an award by the \"Institute for Turnaround\" for implementing a successful restructure. \n Marten Havighorst \n--- \nType | Private company \nIndustry | Footwear \nFounded | 1947 \nFounder | Klaus Märtens \nHeadquarters | UK \nProducts | Shoes \nOwner | Permira \nWebsite | www.drmartens.com"
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"Anne Bauchens Anne Bauchens (February 2, 1882 – May 7, 1967) was an American film editor who is particularly noted for her collaboration over 40 years with the director Cecil B. DeMille. Bauchens was trained as an editor by DeMille, and shared her first credit with him on the film \"Carmen\". Prior to 1918, DeMille had edited, as well as directed, his films. After \"Carmen\" and \"We Can't Have Everything\" (1918), Bauchens no longer shared the editing credits with DeMille. She edited DeMille's films for the rest of their long careers, through the 1956 film \"The Ten Commandments\". When the Academy Award for Best Film Editing was created in 1934, Bauchens received one of the three nominations for her editing of \"Cleopatra\". She later won the Academy Award for \"North West Mounted Police\" (1940) and became the first woman to win the Oscar in that category. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Film Editing again twice, first for \"The Greatest Show on Earth\" in 1952 and then for \"The Ten Commandments\" in 1956. In total, Bauchens is credited with editing on 41 films directed by DeMille and on 20 films with other directors. Despite her long career and her series of awards, the characterizations of Bauchens as an editor are not invariably flattering. Margaret Booth, another distinguished film editor, has been quoted as saying in 1965 that, \"Anne Bauchens is the oldest editor in the business. She was editing for years before I came into the business. DeMille was a bad editor, I thought, and made her look like a bad editor. I think Anne really would have been a good editor, but she had to put up with him––which was something.\" Anne Bauchens Anne Bauchens (February 2, 1882 – May 7, 1967) was an American film editor"
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"Stretch (rapper) Randy Walker (April 8, 1968 – November 30, 1995), better known by his stage name Stretch, was an American rapper and record producer who was a close friend and collaborator of Tupac Shakur. A member of the Live Squad with his brother Majesty, the group was notable for their early recordings with Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G. until the 1994 attack on Shakur at Quad Recording Studios resulted in a highly publicised falling out. On November 30, 1995, Stretch was the first of the three former friends to be murdered. Randy Walker was born in 1968 in Springfield Gardens, Queens to an American father and a newly-immigrated Jamaican mother. After his father died in 1981, his mother, Lucilda, worked as a nurse at New York University Medical Center to support him, his younger brother and two sisters. Randy and his brother Christopher began rapping and producing as Stretch and Majesty in the late 1980s, and together with DJ K-Low founded the hip hop group Live Squad. Live Squad debuted in 1988 with the self-produced tracks \"Troopin It\" and \"We Ain't Havin' It\" on \"BQ In Full Effect\", a limited 12\" EP featuring Percee P. With his unmistakable deep and raspy voice, Stretch made a compelling rapper in addition to producer. In 1990, Stretch met Shock G of Bay Area hip-hop group Digital Underground, making a guest appearance on \"Family of the Underground\" from their 1991 album \"Sons Of The P\" and a Live Squad produced remix for their single \"No Nose Job\" that same year. In the summer of 1991, Stretch met Digital Underground affiliate Tupac Shakur and the two made fast friends, becoming nearly inseparable. Stretch and Tupac's friendship developed while filming \"Juice\" – Tupac was starring in what would be his breakout role, 'Bishop', and Stretch was an extra alongside Treach from Naughty By Nature – when Tupac's trailer was robbed of some jewelry, they had to deliver a swift beatdown on set. Stretch was also close friends with Ed Lover, host of \"Yo! MTV Raps\", who helped get Live Squad signed to Tommy Boy Records by recommending their demo tape and 'executive producing' their early releases. The group released the double A-side single \"Murderahh!/Heartless\" (1992) and the promo single \"Game Of Survival / Pump For A Livin'\" (1993), as well as an ultra-violent VHS promo mini-movie called \"Game Of Survival\" which was a showcase for 6 songs from their forthcoming album. Due to the movie's graphic nature and Live Squad's hardcore style, all while the backlash from Ice-T and Body Count's \"Cop Killer\" continued against rap music, Tommy Boy were forced to drop them from their radio-friendly roster and the album was shelved. For 2Pac's 1993 sophomore album \"Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z.\", Live Squad featured on and produced \"Strugglin'\" and joined in on the posse cut \"5 Deadly Venoms\". Stretch produced two additional tracks on the album including the lead single and album opener, \"Holler If Ya Hear Me\". Stretch continued to make cameo appearances in his friends' movies: in the Tupac-directed music video for Mac Mall's \"Ghetto Theme\" (1992); Above The Law, Money B and Tupac's \"Call It What You Want\" (1993); Ed Lover & Doctor Dre's \"Who's the Man?\" (1993); and Tupac's \"Bullet\", filmed in 1994. In March 1994, the 2Pac and Stretch song \"Pain\" was featured in the film \"Above The Rim\" and performed by the duo on \"The Arsenio Hall Show\", however it was only released as a B-side and on the cassette edition of the soundtrack; despite its rarity, the song has become a hip-hop classic. This would not be the only collaboration between the two to see limited release. Back in 1992, Tupac and Stretch recorded the unreleased track \"Thug Life\" with rapper Big Syke, and in 1993, Tupac expanded the group and signed them to Interscope Records for their only album, 1994's \"\". Stretch contributed raps and beats to the album, many of them co-produced with Tupac as 'Thug Music', including the lead single \"Bury Me A G\". As criticism of gangsta rap continued, songs were cut from the album by the label, including the planned first single \"Out On Bail\", which Tupac performed with Stretch at The '94 Source Awards, and the Notorious B.I.G. collaboration \"Runnin' from tha Police\". Tupac had met the promising young rapper in 1993 and took him under his wing, even making him a prospective member of Thug Life. Live Squad, 2Pac and The Notorious B.I.G. had performed a joint set together at Maryland's Bowie State High School in 1993 and collaborated on the unreleased track \"House Of Pain\", intended for Biggie's 1994 debut album \"Ready to Die\". The friendship between the three rappers, however, would soon be irrevocably damaged. On the night of November 30, 1994, Stretch was with Tupac when he was attacked at Quad Recording Studios in Manhattan. Tupac had been hired by drug dealer and fledgling music manager Jimmy Henchman to record a feature for his artist Lil' Shawn's single \"Dom Perignon\", and Tupac, unsure of the situation, went to the studio with Stretch and two others. Upon arrival they saw Lil' Cease and the Bad Boy camp, associates of The Notorious B.I.G., as the rapper was also there recording for the song and their tensions were eased – but entering the building lobby they were held at gunpoint by three men and Tupac was robbed, shot and beaten. Stretch and Biggie went to the hospital to visit Tupac, but were unable to see him as he was in surgery. Shakur stated that he believed the robbery to be a cover for the attack, and began to openly speculate that Henchman, Biggie, and the others may have been involved. Stretch and Tupac were still friends when Tupac was sent to jail on February 14, 1995 for sexual assault charges, but their friendship quickly deteriorated after he learned that Stretch was still doing shows with The Notorious B.I.G. even though he had accused the rapper of being involved in his shooting. In a jailhouse interview with \"VIBE Magazine\", Tupac insinuated Stretch, an imposing figure at 6'8\", should have done more to help him and was surprisingly out of harm's way: \"I was, like, 'What should I do?' I’m thinking Stretch is going to fight; he was towering over those niggas. From what I know about the criminal element, if niggas come to rob you, they always hit the big nigga first. But they didn’t touch Stretch; they came straight to me.\" By the time \"Me Against The World\" was released a month later, Stretch had been removed from the single \"So Many Tears\". In one of Tupac's letters from jail, he listed all of his enemies with their names crossed out – with Stretch's name last. Stretch responded in his own interview with \"VIBE\": \"Pac's saying all this shit in the interview, like, 'I thought that Stretch was gonna fight. He was towering over them.' Now, that nigga know I ain't never going out like no bitch. But I ain't dumb. I ain't got no gun, what the fuck am I supposed to do? I might be towering over niggas, but I ain't towerin' over no slugs.\" He also questioned Tupac's account of events, and hinted that his gunshot wound may have been self-inflicted, something suggested by forensic reports: \"Me personally, I only heard one shot. ... Tupac got shot trying to go for his shit. He tried to go for his gun, and he made a mistake on his own. But I'll let him tell the world that. ... He tried to turn around and pull the joint out real quick, but niggas caught him. Grabbed his hand when it was by his waist.\" There was never any evidence to suggest Stretch was involved with the robbery. Bill Courtney, a retired NYPD cop from the infamous \"Hip-Hop Squad\", believed the stick-up was a response to comments Tupac had made in the \"New York Daily News\" against an associate of Jimmy Henchman, Haitian Jack: \"A message was being sent to him not to name-drop.\" Jimmy Henchman has since admitted to orchestrating the shooting: \"Nobody came to rob you. They came to discipline you.\" Ed Lover spoke to the \"New York Times\" about the falling out: \"Tupac made disparaging remarks about him in",
"to go for his gun, and he made a mistake on his own. But I'll let him tell the world that. ... He tried to turn around and pull the joint out real quick, but niggas caught him. Grabbed his hand when it was by his waist.\" There was never any evidence to suggest Stretch was involved with the robbery. Bill Courtney, a retired NYPD cop from the infamous \"Hip-Hop Squad\", believed the stick-up was a response to comments Tupac had made in the \"New York Daily News\" against an associate of Jimmy Henchman, Haitian Jack: \"A message was being sent to him not to name-drop.\" Jimmy Henchman has since admitted to orchestrating the shooting: \"Nobody came to rob you. They came to discipline you.\" Ed Lover spoke to the \"New York Times\" about the falling out: \"Tupac made disparaging remarks about him in \"VIBE Magazine\" and it really hurt his feelings a lot. I think – just my opinion – after Tupac got shot, I just think that Tupac just kind of turned against everybody.\" The incriminations against Stretch continued once Tupac was released from federal custody to Death Row Records on October 12, 1995 and began a flurry of recordings for his 1996 album, \"All Eyez on Me\"; on \"Ambitionz Az a Ridah\": \"\"Had bitch-ass niggas on my team / So, indeed, they wet me up,\"\" and in the first verse of \"Holla At Me\": \"\"When me and you was homies / No one informed me it was all a scheme / You infiltrated my team and sold a nigga dreams / How could you do me like that? / I took ya family in / I put some cash in ya pocket / Made you a man again ... You're a shell of a man / I lost respect for you nigga / We can never be friends / I know I'm runnin' through your head now / What could you do? / If it was up to you / I'd be dead now / I let the world know nigga you a coward / You could never be Live / Until you die / See the motherfuckin' bitch in your eye.\"\" Nas, who enlisted Live Squad to contribute beats for his sophomore album \"It Was Written\" in November 1995, later recollected the situation: \"I met Stretch by some dangerous cats that I was hanging with. They put me with Stretch who they were cool with. Stretch became my brother immediately. He wasn’t really recognized for the great work he was doing with Tupac and the hardcore records he did with his own group Live Squad with his brother Majesty. ... Stretch was really hurt by Tupac. I would hear him talking about how Pac was so mad at him because Stretch was with Tupac when he got set up and robbed in the studio lobby. Tupac was mad at everyone after that. I felt bad for Stretch because he really had a lot of love for Pac and he couldn’t believe that Pac thought he had something to do with it. [After the recording session,] Stretch dropped me off at home and went home and he was killed. That was a real great guy. He produced \"Take It In Blood\" and \"Silent Murder\" – the irony. It was just a messed up moment for me. It was the last work he did. Very sad.\" On November 30, 1995, Stretch was murdered in a drive-by shooting exactly one year after the Quad Studio shooting, fuelling rumors. After a midnight Live Squad studio session with Nas and on his way to an event to see Biggie, Stretch dropped off his brother, Majesty, at his Queens Village home when two or three men pulled up in a black car alongside his green minivan and began chase, shooting at Stretch while driving. Stretch's minivan came to a crashing stop at the corner of 112th Avenue & 209th Street just after 12:30 A.M., and he was found dead with four bullet wounds in his back. He was 27. Tupac denied involvement with Stretch's murder, but continued to talk about him after death, even up to his own death on September 13, 1996. \"All Eyez On Me\" was released two months after Stretch's death with all disses intact, and the follow-up \"\" (1996) contained more allusions to Stretch's supposed role in the 1994 attack on the tell-all diss track \"Against All Odds\": \"\"And that nigga that was down for me, restin' dead / Switch sides, guess his new friends wanted him dead\"\". Closing the final Tupac album, that track also fired shots at the Bad Boy camp and Nas – artists that he felt Stretch had switched allegiance to. Tupac did make peace with Nas in New York's Bryant Park on September 4, 1996, and even listened to \"It Was Written\" – featuring the Live Squad productions \"Take It In Blood\" and \"Silent Murder\" – as he made his fateful trip to Las Vegas for the Tyson-Seldon fight three days later. According to label boss Suge Knight, Tupac intended to remove the Nas disses from the Makaveli album but died before he could do so – there are no accounts if he resolved his feelings for his former friend. Another theory for the murder would later emerge: \"Stretch had robbed a big drug dealer of over 10 bricks [kilograms of cocaine]. There was pressure on the street for him to give those drugs back. And when he didn't, a hit was issued.\" In April 2007, as part of a separate investigation into the murder of legendary DJ and fellow Jamaica, Queens, native Jam Master Jay, federal prosecutors named Ronald \"Tenad\" Washington as a suspect in both murders. With both men dead, Stretch would appear on the posthumous 2Pac releases \"R U Still Down? (Remember Me)\" (1997), with the Live Squad production \"Nothing To Lose\", and \"Greatest Hits\" (1998), featuring the cryptic \"God Bless The Dead\" (dedicated to a Live Squad and Thug Life affiliate named \"Biggy Smallz\" that is not The Notorious B.I.G. nor a Latino rapper produced by frequent Tupac producer Johnny J). In 1999, a promo release for The Notorious B.I.G.'s own posthumous album \"Born Again\" featured a Bad Boy remix of \"House Of Pain\" featuring both Stretch and 2Pac. Stretch's brother Majesty would go on to co-found the record label Grand Imperial Records – with rapper E-MoneyBags, himself slain in 2004 under the alleged order of Kenneth \"Supreme\" McGriff, the suspected boss behind the murder of Jam Master Jay – and continued to release music by Live Squad and Stretch, including in 2001 their unreleased album for Tommy Boy Records, \"Game Of Survival\". Stretch (rapper) Randy Walker (April 8, 1968 – November 30, 1995), better known by his stage name Stretch, was an American rapper and record producer who was a close friend and collaborator of Tupac Shakur. A member of the Live Squad with his brother Majesty, the group was"
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"2011–12 FIS Cross-Country World Cup 2011–12 FIS Cross-Country World Cup was a multi-race tournament over the season for cross-country skiers. This season's biggest event was the Tour de Ski, as there were no World Championships or Olympic Games. The season started on 19 November 2011 and ended on 18 March 2012. The table shows the number of points won in the 2011–12 Cross-Country Skiing World Cup for men and women. A skier's best results in all distance races and sprint races counts towards the overall World Cup totals. All distance races, included individual stages in Tour de Ski and in World Cup Final (which counts as 50% of a normal race), count towards the distance standings. All sprint races, including the sprint races during the Tour de Ski and the first race of the World Cup final (which counts as 50% of a normal race), count towards the sprint standings. In mass start races bonus points are awarded to the first 10 at each bonus station. The Nations Cup ranking is calculated by adding each country's individual competitors' scores and scores from team events. Relay events count double (see World Cup final positions), with only one team counting towards the total, while in team sprint events two teams contribute towards the total, with the usual World Cup points (100 to winning team, etc.) awarded. 2011–12 FIS Cross-Country World Cup 2011–12 FIS Cross-Country World Cup was a multi-race tournament over the season for cross-country skiers. This season's biggest event was the Tour de Ski, as there were no World Championships or Olympic Games. The season started on 19 November 2011 and ended on 18 March 2012. The table shows the number of points won in the 2011–12 Cross-Country Skiing World Cup for men and women. A skier's best results in all"
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"Saranya Mohan Saranya Mohan is a former Indian film actress, who has acted in Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Hindi films. She is probably best known for her performances in \"Yaaradi Nee Mohini\" and \"Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu\". Saranya is the eldest daughter of Mohan and Kalamandalam Devi. She has a younger sister named Sukanya who is also trained classical dancer. Both her parents are trained classical dancers and dance teachers, who together runs a dance school, Y.K.B Dance Academy in Alappuzha, where Saranya herself also learnt dancing bharatanatyam. She studied at St. Joseph's College for Women, Alappuzha, completing her B. A. degree in English literature. After completing MA in English Literature from Annamalai University, Chidambaram she is currently doing MFA in Bharatanatyam from the same university. She was brought to light by Malayalam director Fazil, who had seen Saranya dancing at her dancing school. After approaching and persuading her parents, he cast her for a child character in the 1997 Malayalam film \"Aniyathi Pravu\" and its Tamil remake, \"Kadhalukku Mariyadhai\". Next she made appearance as a child artist in the hit Malayalam movie \"Harikrishnans\" with Mammootty, Mohanlal and Juhi Chawla in lead roles. Then she also was seen as a child artist in yet another Malayalam movie \"Rakthasakshikal Sindabad\" with Mohanlal and Suresh Gopi. Then she took a break, concentrating on her studies, before enacting a supporting role in another Fazil directorial, \"Oru Naal Oru Kanavu\" (2005), in which she acted as a sister to the male lead character. Her subsequent release, the Dhanush-Nayantara starrer \"Yaaradi Nee Mohini\" (2008), brought her into limelight. Her comedic performance as the younger sister to the lead female, who has a crush on her sister's love interest, won her fame and many accolades. She subsequently appeared in 3 more Tamil films in 2008, which, however, were less successful. These included the 1st one Jayamkondaan, next was Mahesh, Saranya Matrum Palar & finally Panchamirtham along with Jayaram . In year 2009, she had six releases, four of which being Tamil projects. Out of her Tamil releases, the tragedy sports film, \"Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu\", directed by debutante Suseenthiran, and the supernatural thriller \"Eeram\" proved to be commercially as well as critically successful. The other two Tamil movies were A Aa E Ee with Prabhu Sir & another Tamil movie was \"Arumugham\" with Bharath and Priyamani in lead roles. Later that year, she made her Telugu debut with \"Village Lo Vinayakudu\" and made her comeback to Malayalam films, starring in \"Chemistry\". She also did the Telugu remake of her Tamil movie titled \"Bheemili Kabaddi Jattu\" in 2010, which also did well in the box office. Then she did one more Telugu movie \"Happy Happy Ga\" the same year. Start of the year 2011 she did a Malayalam movie \"Ponnu Kondoru Aalroopam\". Next was yet another Malayalam movie \"Nadakame Ulakam\" along with Mukesh, Vinu Mohan and Sarayu Mohan. Then she did a cameo role in the Tamil movie \"Azhagarsamiyin Kuthirai\" same year. In 2011 she also acted in M.Raja's \"Velayudham\", which turned out to be a huge hit. Her role as Vijay's sister won her a lot of good reviews. Same year later she did a Malayalam movie \"Innanu Aa Kalyanam\". She also acted in another film named Dharani's Osthi in the end of 2011 with Simbu in lead role. The year 2012 also she started off with a Malayalam movie \"Perinoru Makan\". Then she had an entry to Kannada same year with her debut Kannada movie Ee Bhoomi Aa Bhanu. Then she went on to do a Tamil movie \"Kolagalam\". In 2014 she did her 2nd Kannada movie Paramashiva starring V. Ravichandran Sir too. She continued her career with a Tamil movie \"Kadhalai Thavira Veru Ondrum Illai\". Then the same year she made her Bolywood debut with \"Badlapur Boys\" opposite Nishan which was the Hindi remake of her hit Tamil movie Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu. Now in year 2015 she completed yet another Tamil movie \"Suyam\", which is yet to be released. Saranya married her longtime friend Dr. Aravind Krishnan on 6 September 2015 at Kottamkulangara Devi Temple, Alappuzha. They have a son named Anantapadmanabhan Aravind. Saranya Mohan Saranya Mohan is a former Indian film actress, who has"
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"Brian McBride (musician) Brian Edward McBride (born 1970 in Irving, Texas) is a musician best known as one half of the duo Stars of the Lid. He has also released two solo albums, \"When The Detail Lost Its Freedom\" and \"The Effective Disconnect\" on Kranky using his own name. McBride moved to Austin, Texas in 1990 where he met Adam Wiltzie, forming Stars of the Lid in the early 1990s. He also worked with the now defunct Pilot Ships. He currently lives in Los Angeles with his cats (\"Ead\" and \"Nadine\", presumably named after the characters in Twin Peaks, of which he is a fan). He is an active member of the policy debate community. In 2009 Brian teamed up with musician Kenneth James Gibson to form the band Bell Gardens. Their first EP \"Hangups Need Company\" was released on their own imprint Failed Better in 2010. Southern Records released their first LP \"Full Sundown Assembly\" in 2012 and Rocket Girl released their second LP \"Slow Dawns For Lost Conclusions\" in 2014. Brian worked with Bill Shanahan. Brian is an artist/sign maker. During the summer he directs the University of Texas National Institute of Forensics (UTNIF) high school debate camp. He currently coaches policy debate at the University of Southern California. Brian McBride Bell Gardens Brian McBride (musician) Brian Edward McBride (born 1970 in Irving, Texas) is a musician best known as one half of the duo Stars of the Lid. He has also released two solo albums, \"When The Detail Lost Its Freedom\" and \"The Effective Disconnect\" on Kranky using his own name. McBride moved to Austin, Texas in 1990 where he met Adam Wiltzie, forming Stars of the Lid in the early 1990s. He also worked with the now defunct Pilot Ships. He currently lives in Los Angeles"
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"African Independence Party – Renewal African Independence Party (in French: \"Parti Africain de l'Indépendance\") is a political party in Senegal, which was led by Majhmoud Diop. At the 1972 congress of the original African Independence Party in Senegal, the former general secretary, Majhmoud Diop, was expelled. In 1976, in the context of rapproachment from the side of the government, Diop was welcomed to return from exile. Rapidly he gathered his followers and formed a 'Provisional Committee for Renewal of PAI'. Amongst his aides were Baba Ndiaye and Bara Goudiaby. Effectively this group started function as a separate party, calling itself PAI. Generally it became known as \"PAI-Rénovation\" (Renewal), distinguishing it from the original PAI (which was called \"PAI-Sénégal\"). In an attempt to move away from the one-party system, the National Assembly of Senegal adopted a law on July 9, 1975, which would give way to a three party system. The law identified that three distinct ideological tendencies would be represented in the political life of the country: liberal and democratic, socialist and democratic and Marxist-Leninist. The governing UPS was accorded the role as the Social Democratic party and the main opposition PDS was legalized to take the role as the liberal democratic party. On August 14, 1976 PAI-Rénovation was registered as a legal political party under the name 'PAI'. It was recognized to take the role of the legal left in the three party system. (PAI-Sénégal was later (in 1981, after the abolition of the three party system) registered as Party of Independence and Work (PIT).) In the 1978 elections PAI of Diop came third with 3734 votes (0.3% of the total vote). In 1979 PAI of Diop was joined by a tendency of LD led by Moussa Kane. PAI publishes the party newspaper \"Momsarev\". African Independence Party – Renewal"
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"Operation Cottage Operation Cottage was a tactical maneuver which completed the Aleutian Islands campaign. On August 15, 1943, Allied military forces landed on Kiska Island, which had been occupied by Japanese forces since June 1942. The Japanese, however, had secretly abandoned the island two weeks prior, and so the Allied landings were unopposed. Allied forces suffered over 313 casualties in total during the operation, due to stray Japanese mines, friendly fire incidents, and battlefield combat. The Japanese under Captain Takeji Ono had landed on Kiska at approximately 01:00 on June 7, 1942, with a force of about 500 Japanese marines. Soon after arrival, they stormed an American weather station, where they killed two and captured eight United States Navy officers. The captured officers were sent to Japan as prisoners of war. Another 2,000 Japanese troops arrived, landing in Kiska Harbor. At this time, Rear-Admiral Monzo Akiyama headed the force on Kiska. In December 1942, additional anti-aircraft units, engineers, and a negligible number of reinforcement infantry arrived on the island. In the spring of 1943, control was transferred to Kiichiro Higuchi. A Consolidated B-24 Liberator aircraft sighted Japanese ships in Kiska. No further identification was visible. To United States naval planners, none was necessary and the orders to invade Kiska soon followed. Due to the heavy casualties suffered at Attu Island, planners were expecting another costly operation. The Japanese tactical planners had, however, realized the isolated island was no longer defensible and planned for an evacuation. Although small, there were signs of Japanese withdrawal. Anti-aircraft guns, active during the bombardment of Kiska, did not fire when Allied planes flew over in the days leading up to the invasion. On August 15, 1943, the 7th Division (U.S.) and the 13th Infantry Brigade (Canada), landed on opposite shores of Kiska. Both U.S. and Canadian forces mistook each other, and sporadic friendly-fire incidents occurred. Progress was also hampered by mines, timed bombs, accidental ammunition detonations, vehicle accidents and booby traps, which had left 28 Americans and 4 Canadians dead, with 50 wounded on either side. A stray Japanese mine also caused the to lose a large chunk of its stern. The blast killed 71 and wounded 47. Operation Cottage Operation Cottage was a tactical maneuver which completed the Aleutian Islands campaign. On August 15, 1943, Allied military forces landed on Kiska Island, which had been occupied by Japanese forces since June 1942. The Japanese,"
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"Rubén Pérez (footballer, born 1989) Rubén Salvador Pérez del Mármol (born 26 April 1989) is a Spanish footballer who plays for CD Leganés as a defensive midfielder. Pérez was born in Écija, Andalusia. Having arrived at Atlético Madrid's youth system at age 13, he made his debut for the first team on 15 May 2010 in a 0–3 home loss against Getafe CF, replacing another youth product, the injured Borja. On 25 July 2010, as part of the transfer of Filipe Luís to the \"Colchoneros\", Pérez was loaned to fellow La Liga club Deportivo de La Coruña for two seasons, He made his debut for the Galicians on 12 September, playing 80 minutes in the 0–0 draw at Sevilla FC. In August 2011, after \"Depor\"'s relegation, Pérez returned to the top division and joined Getafe, with Borja Fernández heading in the opposite direction. He only played ten games for the Madrid side during the entire campaign, all competitions comprised. In June 2012, Pérez was loaned to Real Betis in a season-long loan. Still owned by Atlético he represented, in the following years, Elche CF, Serie A's Torino F.C. and Granada CF; he signed a permanent, four-year deal with the latter on 8 August 2015. On 9 August 2016, Pérez was loaned to fellow top tier club CD Leganés in a season-long deal. The following 29 June, his loan was extended for a further year. After cutting ties with Granada, Pérez returned to Leganés on a four-year contract. Rubén Pérez (footballer, born 1989) Rubén Salvador Pérez del Mármol (born 26 April 1989) is a Spanish footballer who plays for CD Leganés as a defensive midfielder. Pérez was born in Écija, Andalusia. Having arrived at Atlético Madrid's youth system at age 13, he made his debut for the first team on 15"
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"La Aurora International Airport La Aurora International Airport () serves Guatemala City, Guatemala. It is located south of Guatemala City's center and from Antigua Guatemala. It is administered by the \"Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil\". La Aurora International Airport is the primary airport of Guatemala. The airport went through a massive modernization and expansion. The airport is now able to accept a greater number of flights and larger aircraft. It provides high standard installations to the traveler. The old terminal has been renovated in accordance with its original design. It was partly demolished and was expanded with a new glass-designed concourse and is now able to accommodate up to twenty-two aircraft. The greater project was completed by December 2008. The airport currently has two terminals: Central and North. La Aurora International Airport is the fourth busiest airport in Central America in terms of passenger traffic, surpassed by Tocumen International Airport in Panamá, Juan Santamaría International Airport in Costa Rica, and Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport in El Salvador. In June 2007 the airport was certified as Category I but lost it in August 2018. La Aurora is being renovated, along with other airports in Guatemala, such as Mundo Maya International Airport, Quetzaltenango Airport, Puerto Barrios Airport, and San José Airport. In July 2007, seven new gates were opened. These gates are equipped with jetway bridges and modern conveniences, also a new parking garage was also built and it can handle up to 500 vehicles. There are brand new ticket counters. 2007 brought significant gate expansion (11 new gates were available starting December 2007). The airport now has two concourses. The northern concourse has 12 traditional gates and 3 remote gates. The central concourse, is used for larger aircraft as it provides 4–6 gates depending on the size of the aircraft. The airport's runway currently measures . There have been efforts in the past to expand the runway but this has not yet been possible since there's a commercial area to the north of the runway and a small ravine near the southern side of the runway. Still, the renovation of the runway is in progress. The first phase consists in repaving the runway as well modernizing the illumination system. Future plans to expand the taxiway repave and move all the cargo facilities to San José Airport in Escuintla and Puerto Barrios Airport in Izabal. This will make room for more passenger terminal area and improved taxiways. Finally, the airport administration building is being refurbished and a regional terminal is being built. La Aurora International Airport has 2 Exclusive VIP Lounges. Los Añejos Business Lounge serving Iberia's first class passengers and Copa Club, a VIP Lounge for passengers travelling on Copa Airlines and United Airlines Cargo operations are handled beside the passenger terminal building by COMBEX-IM or in the DHL hangars. The head office of the \"Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil\" is located in the airport Zone 13. During World War II, the airport was used by the United States Army Air Forces Sixth Air Force defending the Central American coastline against Axis powers submarines. The first American personnel began arriving in December 1941; the airfield was improved and expanded by the United States' 805th Engineer Aviation Battalion in early 1942. During its period of American use, the military facilities of the airport were known as Guatemala City Air Base. Flying units assigned to the airport were: Detachments from the airfield operated intermittently from San Jose Airport, San José, Costa Rica, and Puerto San José, Guatemala from 1942 though 1944. After the war ended, a small number of Americans remained at the airport performing training duties with the Guatemalan Air Force and also operating a weather station (MATS 6th Weather Squadron). United States personnel were restricted to base during the Guatemalan revolution following the death of Colonel Francisco Xavier Arana on 18 July 1949. Some artillery shells landed on the base during the violence. The facility was closed on 28 July 1949 and turned over to Guatemalan authorities. <br> In 2016, the airport handled 2,759,347 passengers. La Aurora International Airport La Aurora International Airport () serves Guatemala City, Guatemala. It is located south of Guatemala City's center and from Antigua"
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"Chinese Rites controversy The Chinese Rites controversy was a dispute among Roman Catholic missionaries over the religiosity of Confucianism and Chinese rituals during the 17th and 18th centuries. The debate centered over whether Chinese ritual practices of honoring family ancestors and other formal Confucian and Chinese imperial rites qualified as religious rites and were thus incompatible with Catholic belief. The Jesuits argued that these Chinese rites were secular rituals that were compatible with Christianity, within certain limits, and should thus be tolerated. The Dominicans and Franciscans, however, disagreed and reported the issue to Rome. Rome's Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith sided with the Dominicans in 1645 by condemning the Chinese rites based on their brief. However, the same congregation sided with the Jesuits in 1656, thereby lifting the ban. It was one of the many disputes between the Jesuits and the Dominicans in China and elsewhere in Asia, including Japan and India. The controversy embroiled leading European universities; the Qing dynasty's Kangxi Emperor and several popes (including Clement XI and Clement XIV) considered the case; the offices of the Holy See also intervened. Near the end of the 17th century, many Dominicans and Franciscans had shifted their positions in agreeing with the Jesuits' opinion, but Rome disagreed. Clement XI banned the rites in 1704. In 1742, Benedict XIV reaffirmed the ban and forbade debate. In 1939, after two centuries, the Holy See re-assessed the issue. Pope Pius XII issued a decree on December 8, 1939, authorizing Chinese Catholics to observe the ancestral rites and participate in Confucius-honoring ceremonies. The general principle of sometimes admitting native traditions even into the liturgy of the church, provided that such traditions harmonize with the true and authentic spirit of the liturgy, was proclaimed by the Second Vatican Council (1962–65). Unlike the American landmass, which had been conquered by military force by Spain and Portugal, European missionaries encountered in Asia united, literate societies that were as yet untouched by European influence or national endeavour. Alessandro Valignano, Visitor of the Society of Jesus in Asia, was one of the first Jesuits to argue, in the case of Japan, for an adaptation of Christian customs to the societies of Asia, through his \"Résolutions\" and \"Cérémonial\". In China, Matteo Ricci reused the \"Cérémonial\" and adapted it to the Chinese context. At one point the Jesuits even started to wear the gown of Buddhist monks, before adopting the more prestigious silk gown of Chinese literati. In particular, Matteo Ricci's Christian views on Confucianism and Chinese rituals, often called \"\" (), were followed by Jesuit missionaries in China and Japan. In a decree signed on 23 March 1656, Pope Alexander VII accepted practices \"favorable to Chinese customs\", reinforcing 1615 decrees which accepted the usage of the Chinese language in liturgy, a notable exception to the contemporary Latin Catholic discipline which had generally forbidden the use of local languages. In the 1659 instructions given by the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (known as the \"Propaganda Fidei\") to new missionaries to Asia, provisions were clearly made to the effect that adapting to local customs and respecting the habits of the countries to be evangelised was paramount: The Jesuit order was successful in penetrating China and serving at the Imperial court. They impressed the Chinese with their knowledge of European astronomy and mechanics, and in fact ran the Imperial Observatory. The Kangxi Emperor was at first friendly to the Jesuit Missionaries working in China. Their accurate methods allowed him to successfully predict eclipses, one of his ritual duties. He was grateful for the services they provided to him, in the areas of astronomy, diplomacy and artillery manufacture. Jesuit translators Jean-François Gerbillon and Thomas Pereira took part in the negotiations of the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, where they assisted with translation. The Jesuits made an important contribution to the Empire's military, with the diffusion of European artillery technology, and they directed the castings of cannons of various calibres. The Kangxi Emperor also retained several Jesuits in his court as scientists and artists. By the end of the seventeenth century, the Jesuits had made many converts. They in turn were impressed by the knowledge and intelligence of the Han Chinese Confucian scholar elite, and adapted to their ancient Chinese intellectual lifestyle. In 1692, Kangxi issued an edict of toleration of Christianity ( or ) This edict elevated Christianity to an equal status with Confucianism in China. The Jesuits gradually developed and adopted a policy of accommodation on the issue of Chinese rites. The Chinese scholar elite were attached to Confucianism, while Buddhism and Daoism were mostly practiced by the common people and lower aristocracy of this period. Despite this, all three provided the framework of both state and home life. Part of Confucian and Taoist practices involved veneration of one's ancestors. Besides the Jesuits, other religious orders such as the Dominicans, Franciscans, and Augustinians started missionary work in China during the 17th century, often coming from the Spanish colony of the Philippines. Contrary to the Jesuits, they refused any adaptation to local customs and wished to apply in China the same \"tabula rasa\" principle they had applied in other places, and were horrified by the practices of the Jesuits. They ignited a heated controversy and brought it to Rome. They raised three main points of contention: In Rome, the Jesuits tried to argue that these \"Chinese Rites\" were social (rather than religious) ceremonies, and that converts should be allowed to continue to participate. They maintained that Chinese folk religion and offerings to the Emperor and departed ancestors were civil in nature and therefore not incompatible with Catholicism, while their opponents argued that these kinds of worship were an expression of native religion and thus incompatible with Catholic beliefs. Pope Clement XI condemned the Chinese rites and Confucian rituals, and outlawed any further discussion in 1704, with the anti-rites decree \"Cum Deus optimus\" of November 20, 1704. It forbade the use of \"\"Tiān\"\" and \"\"Shàngdì\"\", while approving \"Tiānzhǔ\" (‘Lord of Heaven’). In 1705, the Pope sent a Papal Legate to the Kangxi Emperor, to communicate to him the interdiction of Chinese rites. The mission, led by Charles-Thomas Maillard De Tournon, communicated the prohibition of Chinese rites in January 1707, but as a result was banished to Macao. Further, the Pope issued the 19 March 1715 Papal bull \"Ex illa die\" which officially condemned the Chinese rites: In 1742 Benedict XIV reiterated in his papal bull \"Ex quo singulari\" Clement XI's decree. Benedict demanded that missionaries in China take an oath forbidding them to discuss the issue again. In the early 18th century, Rome's challenge to the Chinese Rites led to the expulsion of Catholic missionaries from China. In July 1706, the Papal Legate Charles-Thomas Maillard De Tournon angered the Kangxi Emperor, who issued an order that all missionaries, in order to obtain an imperial permit (piao) to stay in China, would have to declare that they would follow ‘the rules of Matteo Ricci’. In 1721, the Kangxi Emperor disagreed with Clement's decree and banned Christian missions in China. In the \"Decree of Kangxi\", he stated, Chinese converts were also involved in the controversy through letters of protest, books, pamphlets, etc. The Controversy debate was most intense between a group of Christian literati and a Catholic Bishop (named Charles Maigrot de Crissey) in Fujian province, with the Chinese group of converts supporting the Jesuits and the bishop supported by less accommodating Iberian mendicants",
"In July 1706, the Papal Legate Charles-Thomas Maillard De Tournon angered the Kangxi Emperor, who issued an order that all missionaries, in order to obtain an imperial permit (piao) to stay in China, would have to declare that they would follow ‘the rules of Matteo Ricci’. In 1721, the Kangxi Emperor disagreed with Clement's decree and banned Christian missions in China. In the \"Decree of Kangxi\", he stated, Chinese converts were also involved in the controversy through letters of protest, books, pamphlets, etc. The Controversy debate was most intense between a group of Christian literati and a Catholic Bishop (named Charles Maigrot de Crissey) in Fujian province, with the Chinese group of converts supporting the Jesuits and the bishop supported by less accommodating Iberian mendicants (Dominicans and Franciscans). In 1724 the Yongzheng Emperor proscribed the Heavenly Lord sect (\"Tianzhujiao\", the name given Catholicism in China in that period) Persecution steadily increased during the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor. While the Yongzheng Emperor appreciated and admired the Jesuit Giuseppe Castiglione's artwork and western technologies, he also reinforced anti-Christian policies in 1737. Pope Clement XIV dissolved the Society of Jesus in 1773. The Rites controversy continued to hamper Church efforts to gain converts in China. In 1939, a few weeks after his election to the papacy, Pope Pius XII ordered the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples to relax certain aspects of Clement XI's and Benedict XIV's decrees. After the Apostolic Vicars had received guarantees from the Manchukuo Government that confirmed the mere \"civil\" characteristics of the so-called \"Chinese rites\", the Holy See released, on December 8, 1939, a new decree, known as \"Plane Compertum\", stating that: According to Smit this meant that Chinese customs were no longer considered superstitious, but were an honourable way of esteeming one's relatives and therefore permitted by Catholic Christians. Confucianism was also thus recognized as a philosophy and an integral part of Chinese culture rather than as a heathen religion in conflict with Catholicism. Shortly afterwards, in 1943, the Government of China established diplomatic relations with the Vatican. The Papal decree changed the ecclesiastical situation in China in an almost revolutionary way. As the Church began to flourish, Pius XII established a local ecclesiastical hierarchy, and, in 1946, named Thomas Tien Ken-sin () SVD, then Apostolic Vicar of Qingdao, as the first Chinese national in the Sacred College of Cardinals and later that year appointed him to the Archdiocese of Beijing. Chinese Rites controversy The Chinese Rites controversy was a dispute among Roman Catholic missionaries over the religiosity of Confucianism and Chinese rituals during the 17th and 18th centuries. The debate centered over whether Chinese ritual practices of honoring family ancestors and other formal Confucian and Chinese imperial rites qualified as religious rites and were thus incompatible with Catholic belief. The Jesuits argued that these Chinese rites were secular rituals that were compatible with Christianity, within certain limits,"
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"Saint Roland Saint Roland was the third abbot of a Cistercian monastery founded in 1140 in Chézery, France, in what is now the Diocese of Belley-Ars. According to local tradition, he was born in 1150 in England or Ireland. In 1186 he succeeded the Abbot Guillaume at Chézery. St. Roland died there around 1200. His feast day is on September 15. Relics of St. Roland are housed in the altar of the parish church of Chézery. Prayers for St. Roland's intercession are said to be effective for curing eye, head and stomach ailments, and for alleviating drought. A local legend has St. Roland encountering a thirsty reaper along the road to Lélex on a hot day. He offers the reaper a choice of wine or water. The reaper replies that wine is not made for the lips of the poor, and he is very poor. St. Roland strikes the ground with his walking stick, and up springs fresh water. Today the \"Oratory of the Blessed Fountain\" stands over the site. Locals will often comment: \"If only the peasant had asked for wine.\" Sometimes St. Roland is also said to be patron saint of Riga, Latvia. The statue of Roland in Riga should however not be confused with a depiction of the saint, but is rather a symbol of the freedom of the city. Saint Roland Saint Roland was the third abbot of a Cistercian monastery founded in 1140 in Chézery, France, in what is now the Diocese of Belley-Ars. According to local tradition, he was born in 1150 in England or Ireland. In 1186 he succeeded the Abbot Guillaume at Chézery. St. Roland died there around 1200. His feast day is on September 15. Relics of St. Roland are housed in the altar of the parish church of Chézery. Prayers"
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"Yankee Doodle Coffee Shop The Yankee Doodle Coffee Shop, also known as The Doodle, was a diner in New Haven, Connecticut that catered to the Yale University community for 58 years before closing on January 28, 2008. The narrow restaurant, with only 12 stools arranged opposite a counter that ran the length of shop, was a favorite among students, faculty, and employees of the university. Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Henry Winkler are said to have been regulars during their times at Yale. The Doodle was known for its cheap but excellent food, especially the fried donut—an old fashioned donut cut down the middle, buttered, fried on the grill, and then re-buttered before serving. Other unique items popular with students included; the Bacon Egg and Cheese \"No Break,\" The Doodle Dandy, and a variety of grilled muffins. Lew Beckwith Sr. opened the Doodle on the corner of Elm and York Streets on April 15, 1950, selling hamburgers for 20¢ each, cheeseburgers for 25¢, and \"pigs in a blanket\" (hot dogs stuffed with American cheese and wrapped in bacon) for 30¢. Breakfast of two eggs, toast, juice, and coffee cost just 50¢. As the shop had no space for a deep fryer, French fries were not on the menu. The restaurant was named after the tune Lew's father had sung to him as a boy. Other than the prices, the menu and the diner itself changed little in the intervening years. It closed with its original cash register still in use (which only could ring-up up to $2.00), and there was still a cigarette machine in the corner. It hadn't actually been stocked in years, but it was installed on November 22, 1963, the day of the Kennedy assassination, so the Doodle kept it around. Ownership of the Doodle passed from Lew Beckwith to his son, Lew Beckwith Jr., and finally to grandson Rick Beckwith in 2000. In 2008, citing economic considerations, Beckwith decided to close the Doodle. The \"New York Times\" quoted alumnus Jonathan Zittrain, a professor at Oxford University, as saying, \"It’s one of the few dynastic successions that I had hoped would never end\". Vice president of the University, Bruce Alexander, said, \"If they had been in one of [Yale's] properties, we would have made every effort to keep the business going so future generations of Yale students could enjoy the same pigs in blankets we did\". Soon after the news got out, alumni and students began a movement to reopen the business. A group of alumni began soliciting donations online through Facebook groups, and owner Rick Beckwith solicited donations via a website, which offered various Doodle-branded merchandise for sale. The restaurant has remained closed since January 2008, but the Doodle website has continued to advertise Doodle-related merchandise for sale, and to solicit donations. In August 2008, articles appeared in two local newspapers, the \"Yale Daily News\" and the \"New Haven Register\", reporting that Yale alumni and members of the community who had placed orders for Doodle merchandise via Rick Beckwith's web site were unhappy that the merchandise they paid for had never been delivered. The Doodle Challenge was an eating contest to see how many burgers could be eaten in 2.5 hours. The Challenge was not a scheduled event; rather, a person might walk into the Doodle at any time and attempt the Challenge. If a new record was set, the burgers were free, and the eater's name was added to a plaque above the door. The Challenge started in 1989 when Ed Anderson, a Yale University undergraduate, ate 10 burgers. The last Yale student to hold the record was John Bockstoce with 26 burgers. As of July 2006, the title was held by Tim \"Eater X\" Janus, an internationally ranked competitive eater, who ate 34 burgers on May 25, 2006. Yankee Doodle Coffee Shop The Yankee Doodle Coffee Shop, also known as The Doodle, was a diner in New Haven, Connecticut that catered to the Yale University community for 58 years before closing on January 28, 2008. The narrow restaurant, with only 12 stools arranged opposite a counter that ran the length of shop, was a favorite among students, faculty, and employees of the university."
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"Saadallah Agha al-Qalaa Dr. Saadallah Agha alkalaa is a man of science and art. Born in 1950, He studied music at the Conservatory of Aleppo, and became later a teacher there. In parallel, he studied Civil engineering at the University of Aleppo, and traveled later to France to prepare his Ph.D. in Engineering. Returning to Syria as a professor of engineering and computer programming at the University of Damascus, he started to write many of studies and research in Arabic music, and presented hundreds of hours of music television programs, in the Syrian television and most of the Arab television stations. Musician adept at playing qanoon, he is also a member of the Syrian Associations of engineers, artists and teachers, a Co-founder of the Syrian Computer Society, and he served as Minister of Tourism in Syria for a period of ten years. He won also numerous Syrian and Arab awards. Saadallah Agha al-Qalaa is distinguished, musically, through his tendency to employ modern technology, especially computers and databases, in Arabic music research in ways never touched before. He developed an Arabic music information system, and put it in the service of Arab music analysis, then he started to publish his research on television, applying the latest music and comparative analysis methods, relying on his specialty in music, engineering and informatics at the same time, in addition to his high performance in TV presentation. His efforts are currently focused on completing his project, \"the second book of Songs\" and publishing it in the form of an electronic encyclopedia. In March 2017, he launched his new project: Towards a New Arab Music Revival. Dr. Saadallah Agha al-Qalaa () (b. Damascus, 1950) is the former minister of tourism in Syria. He has a Ph.D. in civil engineering. https://www.agha-alkalaa.net/ https://www.agha-alkalaa.net/ Saadallah Agha al-Qalaa Dr. Saadallah"
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"Sinocorophium hangangense Sinocorophium hangangense is a species of gammaridean amphipod found mainly in Korea. The species was found in the lower reaches of Han River in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. The shape of the first and the third uropods, the posterior appendages, alongside the relatively large size of the body distinguishes the \"Sinocorophium hangangense\" from other related species. \"Sinocorophium hangangense\" is classified in the genus \"Sinocorophium\", a genus of 10 species native to the marine and brackish waters of China, Japan, Vietnam and Korea. \"Sinocorophium\" is further divided into two groups, one being the relative ancestral and the other is a derived subgroup. The two groups are differentiated by the characteristics of the species' second antenna; first gnathopod, an appendage modified for feeding; uropods and pereopods. \"Sinocorophium hangangense\" is a part of the latter group among other species namely, \"Sinocorophium homoceratum\", \"Sinocorophium intermedium\", \"Sinocorophium japonicum\", \"Sinocorophium monospinum\", \"Sinocorophium triangulopedarum\" and \"Sinocorophium alienense\". Named after the locality where \"Sinocorophium hangangense\" were first discovered, they are usually found in the blackish water regions and downstream in rivers where salinity is lower. They are mostly found in the Gongreung stream, a small Han River tributary in the lower reaches of the river. The naming, \"han-gang-ense\" came after the \"Han river\" as the Korean word \"gang\" means river. In Korea they are also known as Han-gang-baem-yeop-sae-u. Alongside Han River in Gyeonggi-do, they are also found in parts of Paju-si, Gyoha-eup and Songchon-ri, Korea. Being a part of the \"Sinocorophium\" genus, \"Sinocorophium hangangense\"'s have a cylindrical body with second antenna resembling the shape of the crustacean's foot with ventrodistal tooth. First Gnathopod's palm of propodus is transversed and distinct as it is dactylus rather short. Pereopods no. 3-4's carpus are not shortened, though, it's slightly shorter than merus. Pleonal epimeron no. 3 is subquadrately pointed posteroventrally. They have urosomites separated and laterally inserted uropod no. 1. The telson is short and subtriangular in shape. When preserved in alcohol, the body of the species is yellowish grey with a light brownish color between antennae and urosomites, the color reticulate pattern dorsally significantly the pereonities with light brown longitudinal rows. With distally pointed rostrum, triangular in dorsal view, the head of the species is longer than pereonite 1. The overall body is long. After preservation in alcohol the eyes are transparent, but the cephalic lobe is observed to be sharply produced. Shorter than pereonite no. 3, pereonite no. 1 and 2 is subequal in length. Urosomite no. 1 and 3 are separate. Antenna no. 1 is subequal in length to head and is weakly setose. However, antenna no. 2 is massive, twice as long as antenna no. 1. The telson is thickened, grooved centrally and fleshy. The shape is sub-triangular, broadest in the center and truncate at the corners. The body is almost similar to that of the male including antenna no. 2, nevertheless, the rostrum is weaker. Antenna no. 2 is less robust and shorter than male's antenna no. 2. Sinocorophium hangangense Sinocorophium hangangense is a species of"
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"Conversational commerce Conversational commerce is e-commerce via various means of conversation: Is an asynchronous real-time discussion between two or more parties as it relates to products, services, or needs where a direct relationship between the parties is established and a value based transaction likely results. Companies like [24]7 and LivePerson have powered live conversations between customers and human agents as far back as the 2000s, before retailers provided service on messaging apps. During this time, in China, e-commerce via WeChat – at its core a messaging app, but also letting merchants display their goods in mobile Web pages and via social feeds – grew strongly. By 2013 e-commerce in China had overtaken that of the U.S. In 2016, Facebook announced its Facebook Messenger chatbot platform, heralding the arrival of conversational commerce via the most widely used messaging app in the world outside China. More than 34,000 businesses had opened shop on Messenger by August 2017. Early cited examples of conversational commerce chatbots on Facebook Messenger include 1-800-FLOWERS with an IBM Watson artificial intelligence-powered chatbot/assistant, and Mexican airline Aeroméxico, whose chat platform running on Yalochat lets customers search, book, track, or check in for flights; ask any question, using A.I. and NLP to provide answers; or pull the chatbot into a group chat. In September 2017 WhatsApp announced the pilot of its new Enterprise solution, the first time large companies would be able to attend to large groups of customers in an approved WhatsApp solution, after WhatsApp banned earlier unofficial solutions. Companies who piloted the solution included airlines Aeromexico, KLM, Latin American online travel agency Despegar and online retailer Linio. Enterprise solutions for Whatsapp have been available since 2015 from a variety of third party vendors, and though unofficial, they have been used by major companies and Governments including the Governments of Colombia and Costa Rica. Conversational commerce Conversational commerce is e-commerce via various means of conversation: Is an asynchronous real-time discussion between two or more parties as it relates to products, services, or needs where a direct relationship between the parties is established and a value based transaction likely results. Companies like [24]7 and LivePerson have powered live conversations between customers and human agents as far back as the 2000s, before retailers provided service on messaging apps. During this time, in China, e-commerce via WeChat – at its core a messaging app, but also letting merchants display their goods in"
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"Cyril Saulnier Cyril Saulnier (born 16 August 1975) is a retired French tennis player. In 2005, he started giving tennis lessons in places such as Heliopolis Sporting Club (Egypt). He is now director of the \"Proworld Tennis Academy\" located in Delray Beach, Florida where he is a full-time coach mentoring up and coming professionals and is currently working on a trial basis with Yulia Putintseva. He is currently married with one daughter and resides in Boca Raton, Florida. Saulnier reached the third round of the Canada Masters and the Paris Masters in 2004, defeating World No. 13 Dominik Hrbaty in the latter. In 2005 he reached the final of the SAP Open in San Jose, enabling him to be ranked inside the Top 50 for the first time in his career, reaching as high as World No. 48 in March 2005. Cyril Saulnier Cyril Saulnier (born 16 August 1975) is a retired French tennis player. In 2005, he started giving tennis lessons in places such as Heliopolis Sporting Club (Egypt). He is now director of the \"Proworld Tennis Academy\" located in Delray Beach, Florida where he is a full-time coach mentoring up and coming professionals and is currently working on"
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"James Pollard James Pollard (1792–1867) was a British painter noted for his mail coach, fox hunting and equine scenes. Pollard was born in Baynes Spa Fields (later renamed Exmouth Street) in Islington, the son of the painter and publisher, Robert Pollard (1755–1838). Between 1821 and 1839, James Pollard exhibited at the Royal Academy. He exhibited at the British Institution in 1824 and 1844. During his career, he also worked with John Frederick Herring, Sr. on several horse racing paintings in which he painted the backgrounds and spectators while Herring painted the horses. Many of his compositions were published as aquatints, although, unlike his father, he engraved only a few plates himself. James Pollard died in Chelsea in 1867. James Pollard James Pollard (1792–1867) was a British painter noted for his mail coach, fox hunting and equine scenes. Pollard was born in Baynes Spa Fields (later renamed Exmouth Street) in Islington, the son of the painter and publisher, Robert Pollard (1755–1838). Between 1821 and 1839, James Pollard exhibited at the Royal Academy. He exhibited at the British Institution in 1824 and 1844. During his career, he also worked with John Frederick Herring, Sr. on several horse racing paintings in which he"
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"Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vercelli The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vercelli (in Latin, \"Archidioecesis Vercellensis\") is a Latin rite Metropolitan see in northern Italy, one of the two archdioceses which form the ecclesiastical region of Piedmont. The archbishop's seat is in Basilica Cattedrale di S. Eusebio, a minor basilica dedicated to its canonized first bishop, in Vercelli, Piemonte (Piedmont). The city also has two Minor basilicas: Basilica di S. Andrea and Basilica di S. Maria Maggiore The suffragan dioceses under the Metropolitan of Vercelli are: According to an ancient lectionary the Gospel was first preached in Vercelli in the second half of the third century by Saints Sabinianus (Savinian) and Martialis, bishops from Gaul, when they were returning to their dioceses. The episcopal see was not established till after the Peace of Constantine. The first bishop was Saint Eusebius (354–370), a Sardinian lector of the Roman Church and a strenuous opponent of Arianism. From Vercelli the Gospel spread through the valley of the Po and its environs; towards the end of the fourth century, perhaps even during the episcopate of Saint Eusebius, new dioceses were erected. From Eusebius to Nottingo (830) there were forty bishops, whose images were preserved in the Eusebian basilica, predecessor of the present cathedral, so called because Saint Eusebius, who dedicated it to the martyr Saint Theonestus, was interred in it. He introduced the common and monastic life among his clergy, from whom bishops for the surrounding territory were often selected. In 1817 the Diocese of Vercelli, then suffragan of the archbishopric of Turin (but previously of the archbishopric of Milan) was made an archdiocese, the first archbishop being Giuseppe di Grimaldi. Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, SDB, Secretary of State (2006 onwards) served as archbishop of Vercelli (1991–1995). \"Erected: 3rd Century\"<br> \"Immediately Subject to the Holy See\" \"Elevated: 17 July 1817\" As per 2012, it pastorally served 174,200 Catholics (96.9% of 179,800 total) on 1,658 km² in 117 parishes with 103 priests (87 diocesan, 16 religious; i.e. a priest for every 1,691 Catholics), 13 deacons, 302 lay religious (20 brothers, 282 sisters) and 2 seminarians. The 118 parishes are divided between the Lombard province of Pavia and the Piedmontese provinces of Alessandria, Biella, Novara and Vercelli. Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vercelli The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vercelli (in Latin, \"Archidioecesis Vercellensis\") is a Latin rite Metropolitan see in northern Italy, one of the two archdioceses which form"
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"Robin Mukherjee (writer) Robin Mukherjee is a British-Indian screenwriter, author and educator. He has written for a number of high-profile television series, including \"The Bill\", \"Casualty\", \"Eastenders\" and \"Roman Mysteries\". In 1996, he wrote a pilot episode for a new series of \"Poldark\", \"The Stranger from the Sea\", which became a controversial adaptation with fans, using a new cast featuring John Bowe as Ross Poldark and Mel Martin as Demelza. Fans protested, and over fifty members of the Poldark Appreciation Society picketed HTV's headquarters in Bristol wearing 18th century costumes. He was also set to write a three-part serial for the original series of \"Doctor Who\", entitled \"Alixion\", but was impeded by the 1989 cancellation. In addition, Mukherjee has authored several radio dramas and written a screenwriting manual, \"The Art of Screenplays: A Writer's Guide\" in 2014, as part of the \"Creative Essentials\" series of books on filmmaking. He serves as Bath Spa University's Writer in Residence, as well as an MA Tutor & PhD Supervisor. Robin Mukherjee (writer) Robin Mukherjee is a British-Indian screenwriter, author and educator. He has written for a number of high-profile television series, including \"The Bill\", \"Casualty\", \"Eastenders\" and \"Roman Mysteries\". In 1996, he wrote"
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"Land Run of 1892 The Land Run of 1892 was the opening of the Cheyenne-Arapaho Reservation to settlement in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. One of seven in Oklahoma, it occurred on April 19, 1892, and opened up land that would become Blaine, Custer, Dewey, Washita, and Roger Mills counties. The land run also opened up what would become part of Ellis County, but was designated County \"E\" and then Day County prior to statehood. The Creek and Seminole were originally relocated to the area in the 1820s and 1830s, but Reconstruction Treaties of 1866 took the land away from both tribes. The Cheyenne and Arapaho were moved to the area from Colorado in 1869. The of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Reservation were opened by a proclamation from U.S. President Benjamin Harrison on April 12, 1892. The reservation had become a part of the federal public domain after allotment of plots to individual Indians. A diverse group gathered for the land run. It included Kansans, Texans, Missourians, Oklahomans, African-Americans, Swedes, Bohemians, Germans, and Russians. According to Kiowa chief Big Tree, there were \"as many [people] as the blades of grass on the Washita in the spring.\" Settlers claimed more than 400 lots in what would become Arapaho, the county seat of Custer County. The region became cattle country, due to both its geography and the tenacious efforts of cattlemen, who often harassed farmers on the land. Land Run of 1892 The Land Run of 1892 was the opening of the Cheyenne-Arapaho Reservation to settlement in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. One of seven in Oklahoma, it occurred on April 19, 1892, and opened up land that would become Blaine, Custer, Dewey, Washita, and Roger Mills counties. The land run also opened up what would become part of Ellis County, but"
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"Banoda Eklara Banoda Eklara is a village, in Sangrampur tehsil of Buldhana district, Maharashtra State, India. It is located on MH State Highway 173 connecting Shegaon - Warwat Bakal - Bawanbir and Tunki and joins to MH SH 194 there. This is most beautiful place to visit during annual fare of shree khoteswar maharaj in March and April. India census, Banoda Eklara had a population of 2903. The town post office Postal Index Number (PIN code) is 444204 and PIN is shared with Bawanbir, Kated Kolad, Ladnapur, Sonala post offices. Some of nearby villages are Tamgaon, Bodkha, Wakana, Ladnapur, Tunki, Sagoda, Palsoda, Dhamangaon, Palsi Zasi, Kolad, Bawanbir, Wadgaon Pr Adgaon, Kolad, Kakanwada Bk, Kakanwada Kh, Pimpri Adgaon, Niwana, Warwat Bakal, Jamod, Durgadatiya, Wankhed, Danapur, Hingani Bk, Raikhed, Belkhed, Gadegaon, Tudgaon, Isapur, Malegaon Bazar, Nearby towns are Sonala, Akot, Sangrampur, Jalgaon Jamod, Telhara, Shegaon. Eklara Banoda is the village is situated on the banks of the river Kedar, There are also two rivers nearby the village called as Nagzari and Lendi. All three rivers contributes to maintain ground water level for the crops and drinking water Banoda Eklara Banoda Eklara is a village, in Sangrampur tehsil of Buldhana district, Maharashtra State,"
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"Pass Christian School District The Pass Christian School District is a public school district based in Pass Christian, Mississippi (USA). The August 29, 2005 landfall of Hurricane Katrina a few miles west of Pass Christian severely impacted the district. Pass Christian Middle School was completely destroyed. Pass Christian Elementary School flooded and grew mold over a few months and was not salvageable. The high school and administration building were severely damaged, and Delisle Elementary School, inland, was lightly damaged. On October 17, 2005, the schools reopened, with approximately 2/3s of the students, in temporary trailers at the Delisle site. The high school was reopened a little less than a year later in October of the 2006–2007 school year. There were a total of 1,489 students enrolled in the Pass Christian School District during the 2006–2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 51% female and 49% male. The racial makeup of the district was 29.75% African American, 64.47% White, 1.81% Hispanic, 3.83% Asian, and 0.13% Native American. 59.1% of the district's students were eligible to receive free lunch. Pass Christian School District The Pass Christian School District is a public school district based in Pass Christian, Mississippi (USA)."
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"Long Night (song) \"Long Night\" is a single by The Corrs, released in 2004, taken from their fourth studio album \"Borrowed Heaven\". The song was written by Sharon Corr. Even though it was not a very successful single around Europe or the U.S., it reached #4 in Brazil and remained on Top 10 for weeks, after its use on a famous prime time national soap opera Senhora do Destino. The video for \"Long Night\" only features Andrea and, very shortly, Sharon during her violin solo. Apart from that, we see different versions of Andrea moving backwards through a love affair with a young man. It was shot on October 29, 2004. The location for the video shooting was Chicheley Hall in Buckinghamshire (north of London), which was built in the 18th century and is still open for public today. You can spot a picture of the entrance hall here. Long Night (song) \"Long Night\" is a single by The Corrs, released in 2004, taken from their fourth studio album \"Borrowed Heaven\". The song was written by Sharon Corr. Even though it was not a very successful single around Europe or the U.S., it reached #4 in Brazil and remained on"
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"Plaza Zabala Plaza Zabala is a plaza in the Ciudad Vieja of Montevideo, Uruguay. In late 1878, during the dictatorship of Colonel Lorenzo Latorre, it was decided to demolish the old fort and build a public square in its place. But for 12 years this site remained a wasteland. The Plaza finally came to be established only on December 31, 1890 when the equestrian statue of Bruno Mauricio de Zabala was installed. It was sculpted by the Spanish sculptor Lorenzo Coullaut Valera in collaboration with the Basque architect Pedro Muguruza Otaño and inaugurated on December 27, 1931. The Plaza also now takes its name from Bruno Mauricio de Zabala, founder of the city. The monument has an oblique plan. This layout is distinctly different in an area which has streets laid in a checkerboard pattern in the historic district, marked by the gardens designed by the landscape architect French Eduardo André. It is also one of the places where fences and gates of iron are still seen in the city. The street surrounding the square is named as Ring Durango, in honor of the town Vizcaya of Durango, where Zabala was born. On its south side, Palacio Taranco, once residence of the Ortiz Taranco brothers, is now the Museum of Decorative Arts, and on its west, the well-preserved ex-residence of Sáenz de Zumarán is now the seat of the Discount Bank. Plaza Zabala Plaza Zabala is a plaza in the Ciudad Vieja of Montevideo, Uruguay. In late 1878, during the dictatorship of Colonel Lorenzo Latorre, it was decided to demolish the old fort and build a public square in its place. But for 12 years this site remained a wasteland. The Plaza finally came to be established only on December 31, 1890 when the equestrian statue of Bruno Mauricio de"
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"Manuel Marques de Sousa, Count of Porto Alegre Manuel Marques de Sousa, Count of Porto Alegre (13 June 1804 – 18 July 1875), nicknamed \"the Gloved Centaur\", was an army officer, politician, abolitionist and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil. Born into a wealthy family of military background, Manuel Marques de Sousa joined the Portuguese Army in Brazil in 1817 when he was little more than a child. His military initiation occurred in the conquest of the Banda Oriental (Eastern Bank), which was annexed and became the southernmost Brazilian province of Cisplatina in 1821. For most of the 1820s, he was embroiled in the Brazilian effort to keep Cisplatina as part of its territory: first during the struggle for Brazilian independence and then in the Cisplatine War. It would ultimately prove a futile attempt, as Cisplatina successfully separated from Brazil to become the independent nation of Uruguay in 1828. A few years later, in 1835 his native province of Rio Grande do Sul was engulfed in a secessionist rebellion, the Ragamuffin War. The conflict lasted for almost ten years, and the Count was leading military engagements for most of that time. He played a decisive role in saving the provincial capital from the Ragamuffin rebels, allowing forces loyal to the legitimate government to secure a key foothold. In 1852, he led a Brazilian division during the Platine War in an invasion of the Argentine Confederation that overthrew its dictator. He was awarded a noble title, eventually raised from baron to viscount and finally to count. In the postwar years, Porto Alegre turned his attention to politics, retiring from his military career as a lieutenant general, the second-highest rank in the Imperial Army. He was an affiliate of the Liberal Party at the national level and was elected to the legislature of Rio Grande do Sul. He also founded a provincial party, the Progressive-Liberal Party—a coalition of Liberals like him and some members of the Conservative Party. Porto Alegre later entered the lower house of the Brazilian parliament and was briefly Minister of War. When the Paraguayan War erupted in 1864, he returned to active duty. One of the main Brazilian commanders during the conflict, his participation was marked by important battlefield victories, as well as constant quarrels with his Argentine and Uruguayan allies. Upon his return from the war, Porto Alegre resumed his political career. He became an active advocate for the abolition of slavery and a patron in the fields of literature and science. His death came on 18 July 1875 while again serving in Parliament. He was highly esteemed until the downfall of the monarchy in 1889. Regarded as too closely associated with the fallen regime, Porto Alegre slipped into obscurity. His reputation was eventually rehabilitated to a certain degree by historians, some of whom consider him to be among Brazil's greatest military figures. Manuel Marques de Sousa was born on 13 June 1804 (sometimes erroneously given as 1805) in Rio Grande. The town was located in Rio Grande do Sul, a southern captaincy (later province) of Brazil, then part of the Portuguese Colonial Empire. His parents were Manuel Marques de Sousa and Senhorinha Inácia da Silveira. He had four younger siblings: two sisters and two brothers. An archetypal leading family of Rio Grande do Sul, Marques de Sousa's Portuguese-descended family was wealthy and influential, owning ranches and huge cattle herds. His father and his paternal grandfather, both also named Manuel Marques de Sousa, were seasoned soldiers who took part in the colonial wars. His grandfather, the elder Marques de Sousa, was the wealthiest person in Rio Grande do Sul. Thinly populated, far from the colonial capital of Rio de Janeiro (which exercised little actual control), Rio Grande do Sul was often the target of invasions from its neighboring Hispanic-American colony, the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (later Argentina). Because the captaincy had to be self-sufficient, the inhabitants of Rio Grande do Sul led lives as merchants, farmers or ranchers, while often also serving as soldiers or militiamen. Owners of large landholdings such as Marques de Sousa's father and grandfather provided food, equipment and protection for themselves and families living in areas under their control. Their private defense forces consisted primarily of laborers who were drafted as soldiers. Marques de Sousa grew up in that hostile environment, and from a very young age he listened to war stories recounting the exploits of his relatives against Hispanic-American invaders. In 1808, the Portuguese Royal Family arrived in Brazil, settling in Rio de Janeiro. The Hispanic-American colonies became easy prey, as they were engulfed in turmoil and beset by wars of independence against Spain. In 1811 Prince Regent Dom João (later King Dom João VI) ordered the invasion of the Banda Oriental (Eastern Bank), which bordered Rio Grande do Sul. João's attempt at conquering the entire region met with failure. He launched another invasion a few years later, in 1816, who counted among their ranks Marques de Sousa's father and paternal grandfather. In 1817, around age 13, he asked his grandfather to allow him to fight in the war. The elder Marques de Sousa agreed, and the youngster learned guerrilla hit-and-run tactics on horseback near the border town of Jaguarão. Months later, on 20 January 1818, Marques de Sousa was enlisted into the army as a cadet in the 1st Regiment of Light Cavalry in the Division of Royal Volunteers. The regiment had been deployed to Montevideo, the largest town in the Banda Oriental. He fought in the Battle of Pando on 30 March and in the Battle of Manga near Montevideo on 1 April. Successful in both battles, on 24 June he was promoted to \"alferes\" (equivalent to a modern-day second lieutenant) and named adjutant to the commander-in-chief, Lieutenant General Carlos Frederico Lecor (then Baron and later Viscount of Laguna). Years later as an elderly man near the end of his life, Marques de Sousa would fondly recall his advancement: \"Never in my life had I judged myself so great, nor experienced such ineffable rejoicing ... as in the day I placed my fists into the cuffs of \"alferes\". I walked through all the streets of the city, looking at myself, conceited, believing that everyone looking with admiration envied my luck, that all enamored ladies vied for my hand.\" For the remainder of the conflict he was stationed in the defense of Montevideo. The conquest of the Banda Oriental was ended in July 1821, when Portugal declared it a province of Brazil with the name of Cisplatina. News arrived in Montevideo in late 1822 that Prince Dom Pedro, son and heir of King João VI, had declared the independence of Brazil on 7 September and had been acclaimed emperor as Dom Pedro I on 12 October. Marques de Sousa was dispatched to Rio de Janeiro by the Baron of Laguna to pledge loyalty to the Emperor on behalf of the army in the south. The young \"alferes\" was an apt choice for the task; he was well connected in the imperial capital (his uncle, married to a paternal aunt, was Minister of War), cultured, and well educated. Marques de Sousa was a handsome man of average height with dark, curly hair and brown eyes. Fastidious about his appearance, he always took care to dress well, even during battles, and contemporaries made note of his trimmed and clean nails. He was also merry and gallant, with a \"pleasant and well-tuned voice in conversation, ample and resounding in command\". Brazilian independence did not meet with unanimous approval in the south. Part of the army, led by Dom Álvaro de Macedo (later Count of Ilha da Madeira), entrenched itself in Montevideo and remained loyal to Portugal. The town was besieged by forces under Laguna. Following his return from the imperial capital, Marques de Sousa served under his father's command, taking part in the siege and later fighting in the successful Battle of Las",
"de Sousa was a handsome man of average height with dark, curly hair and brown eyes. Fastidious about his appearance, he always took care to dress well, even during battles, and contemporaries made note of his trimmed and clean nails. He was also merry and gallant, with a \"pleasant and well-tuned voice in conversation, ample and resounding in command\". Brazilian independence did not meet with unanimous approval in the south. Part of the army, led by Dom Álvaro de Macedo (later Count of Ilha da Madeira), entrenched itself in Montevideo and remained loyal to Portugal. The town was besieged by forces under Laguna. Following his return from the imperial capital, Marques de Sousa served under his father's command, taking part in the siege and later fighting in the successful Battle of Las Piedras on 18 May 1823. In early 1824, Macedo and his men surrendered. The end of the Brazilian War of Independence came at a cost for Marques de Sousa. His father was mysteriously murdered with poison in Montevideo on 21 November 1824, leaving him the head of his family at age 20, as his paternal grandfather had died (of old age) on 22 April 1822. He was promoted to lieutenant (modern-day first lieutenant) on 1 December 1824 for his acts of bravery during the war. A few months after his promotion, in April 1825, secessionists in Cisplatina rebelled. The United Provinces of the Río de la Plata attempted to annex the province, and in retaliation Brazil declared war, triggering the Cisplatine War. Although Marques de Sousa was living in Rio de Janeiro and enrolled in the Military Academy, he was ordered to return to Montevideo. He was soon named adjutant to Brigadier Sebastião Barreto Pereira Pinto, commander of the 1st Division, which was defending Rio Grande do Sul. Marques de Sousa fought in the unsuccessful Battle of Ituzaingó (known to Brazilians as the Battle of the Passo do Rosário) on 20 February 1827. For his acts of bravery during the ill-fated battle, he was promoted on 20 March to captain, and, on 16 August, he was assigned as adjutant to the now Viscount of Laguna, commander-in-chief of Brazilian land forces in the conflict. Marques de Sousa subsequently fought in the Battle of Camaquã on 28 April and participated in other, smaller skirmishes. By 1828, Brazil could no longer sustain the war effort in the south and in April relinquished Cisplatina, which became the independent nation of Uruguay. Marques de Sousa was sent to Montevideo to serve under field marshal (present-day divisional general) Manuel Jorge Rodrigues, who commanded a Brazilian force temporarily stationed in the new country. On 29 March 1829, Marques de Sousa was made brevet (acting) major, and, on 28 August 1830, he was placed in command of the 6th company of 4th Regiment of Light Cavalry. Stationed in Rio Grande do Sul, the unit had previously been commanded by his father and his paternal grandfather. The peaceful lull following the Cisplatine conflict did not last long. On 20 September 1835, a civil war erupted in Rio Grande do Sul. The revolt, known as the Ragamuffin War, began after the provincial president (governor) was removed from office in a coup d'état. Despite the nickname, the Ragamuffin rebels were landlords, like Marques de Sousa, who after losing elections tried to take power by force. Marques de Sousa was among the army officers in the province who remained loyal to the deposed president. He fought in the Battle of Arroio Grande on 14 October 1835, in which rebel troops were defeated. But the forces loyal to the legitimate government were heavily outnumbered. Marques de Sousa and the deposed president departed for Rio de Janeiro to request aid, but the central government was unable to render much assistance, as rebellions and riots had broken out all over the country. With the infantry's 1st Battalion of \"Caçadores\" (Sharpshooters) placed under his command, Marques de Sousa embarked on 8 March 1836 for Pelotas, in southeastern Rio Grande do Sul, after being named its military commander. Pelotas was besieged and conquered by the Ragamuffins on 7 April 1836. Marques de Sousa was taken prisoner and removed to Porto Alegre, capital of Rio Grande do Sul, which had been under rebel control since the beginning of the conflict. He was held in a \"presiganga\" (prison ship). During his imprisonment, with the aid of the people of Porto Alegre, he managed to convince some of the rebel soldiers to switch sides, taking control of the entire town during the early hours of 15 June and arresting the remaining Ragamuffins. He repulsed rebel land and sea assaults against Porto Alegre on 18 June, 30 June, 15 July and 20 July; after that, the town remained in the hands of the legitimate government until the end of the conflict. The central government in Rio de Janeiro promoted Marques de Sousa to permanent major on 18 February 1837 in recognition of his vital role. The balance of power tipped against the Ragamuffins only a few months after the declaration of Rio Grande do Sul's independence on 11 September 1836. The Ragamuffins, although emboldened by their initial successes, never managed to gain control of the entire province. The long, strenuous walk from Pelotas to Porto Alegre and the hardships endured in the \"presiganga\" ruined Marques de Sousa's health, and he was afflicted with articular rheumatism for the rest of his life. With Porto Alegre safe, he was granted a leave of absence to recover. In the middle of 1837, he traveled to Europe for medical treatment. After a year away, and still feeling ill, Marques de Sousa secluded himself in Porto Alegre. He was brevetted lieutenant colonel on 20 August 1838. He only returned to active duty in early 1840 after he was made permanent lieutenant colonel on 2 December 1839 and given the command of the 2nd Regiment of Light Cavalry. However, the war against the Ragamuffins was still being waged, and Marques de Sousa met and defeated a rebel force in the Battle of the Várzea do Varejão on 16 September 1841. A new promotion came on 27 March 1842, when he was given the rank of colonel. The course of the conflict took a radical turn when the central government charged Luís Alves de Lima e Silva (then Count and later Duke of Caxias) with putting an end to the rebellion in late 1842. Marques de Sousa probably met him during Caxias' short trip to Rio Grande do Sul in 1839 as part of the Minister of War's entourage. They subsequently maintained a friendly correspondence. Marques de Sousa was removed from his position over the 2nd Regiment of Light Cavalry and instead was given command of the 7th Brigade, which formed part of the 1st Division. The brigade consisted of his former 2nd Regiment of Light Cavalry and a National Guard cavalry corps. Unlike his predecessors, who were notable for their inertia, Caxias went on the offensive from the start. In July 1843, Marques de Sousa attacked the rebel capital, Piratini, which had been all but abandoned by the Ragamuffins. He marched from there to Pelotas and recaptured the town he had lost in 1836. On 2 December, he fought and won a small skirmish with rebels near the imperial army's main encampment. He remained in the village of São Gabriel for most of 1844, guarding it undisturbed. The Ragamuffins were by this time on the run, and they sued for peace. Caxias chose Marques de Sousa to take a Ragamuffin representative to discuss a peace accord with the central government; they arrived in Rio de Janeiro on 12 December. The negotiations were successful, and the war came to an end on 1 March 1845. The Provincial Assembly of Rio Grande do Sul was closed in 1837, and no elections were held because of the Ragamuffin rebellion. In 1845, Marques de Sousa ran and was elected as provincial deputy in the legislature that met in 1846, though he had no party affiliation. He married Maria Balbina Álvares da Gama, daughter of José Gama Lobo de Eça (later Baron of Saicã), on 28 November 1846. The couple's only child, Maria",
"of São Gabriel for most of 1844, guarding it undisturbed. The Ragamuffins were by this time on the run, and they sued for peace. Caxias chose Marques de Sousa to take a Ragamuffin representative to discuss a peace accord with the central government; they arrived in Rio de Janeiro on 12 December. The negotiations were successful, and the war came to an end on 1 March 1845. The Provincial Assembly of Rio Grande do Sul was closed in 1837, and no elections were held because of the Ragamuffin rebellion. In 1845, Marques de Sousa ran and was elected as provincial deputy in the legislature that met in 1846, though he had no party affiliation. He married Maria Balbina Álvares da Gama, daughter of José Gama Lobo de Eça (later Baron of Saicã), on 28 November 1846. The couple's only child, Maria Manuela da Gama Marques, was born less than a year and a half later. Marques de Sousa was made brevet brigadier on 14 March 1847, and the 2nd Cavalry Brigade was placed under his command (until April 1848). He was later confirmed in the rank of brigadier on 14 August 1850. On 11 June 1851, his wife died in childbirth (aged 29), leaving him with a three-year-old daughter. Barely a month later on 18 August 1851, Juan Manuel de Rosas, dictator of the Argentine Confederation, declared war on Brazil, beginning the Platine War. Marques de Sousa had been warned by Caxias as early as 27 July 1844 of the possibility of an armed conflict between Brazil and its Platine neighbor. The government in Rio de Janeiro had prepared against the threat and formed an anti-Rosas alliance consisting of Brazil, Uruguay and dissident Argentine provinces. Caxias, who had been appointed commander-in-chief of Brazilian land forces, placed Marques de Sousa at the head of the 2nd Brigade, part of the 2nd Division. The Brazilian army crossed into Uruguay in September 1851. On 17 November, while the army was camped in the village of Santa Lucía near the Uruguayan capital, Marques de Sousa was promoted to a higher command, the 1st division. The choice was controversial, as there were two more senior and experienced officers next in line who were bypassed owing to their foreign birth. The allies decided to divide their forces into two armies: a multinational force that included the 1st Division and a second army composed entirely of Brazilians under Caxias. The 1st Division led by Marques de Sousa, along with Uruguayan and Argentine rebel troops, invaded Argentina. He found the long march to Buenos Aires, the Argentine capital, highly uncomfortable. He had spent his life up to that point fighting Hispanic-Americans, and he was now marching as their ally, surrounded by them. He did not trust them, and they trusted neither him nor his men. The only person among the allies with whom he shared his thoughts, and guardedly at that, was Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (later president of Argentina): \"We [Brazilians] form in here a separate group; we do not talk to anyone; no one approaches us and we could say that we walk among enemies.\" On 3 February 1852, in the Battle of Caseros, they faced Rosas and his army. The allies were victorious, Rosas fled to the United Kingdom, and Marques de Sousa acquired his carriage as a war trophy. On 3 March 1852, Marques de Sousa was raised to the rank of field marshal, and Emperor Dom Pedro II conferred on him the noble title of \"Barão de Porto Alegre\" (Baron of Porto Alegre). It was a reward for his victory at Caseros, but also a nod to his role in saving the capital of Rio Grande do Sul during 1836. His exploits achieved great renown in Brazil, where he was referred to as the \"Vanquisher of the Platine Tiger [Rosas]\". He replaced Caxias as head of the army that had fought in the war on 26 June, after its return to Brazil. Soon after, on 24 September, the Baron of Porto Alegre was removed from that post and made \"comandante das armas\" (military commander) of Rio Grande do Sul, a position he held until he requested to be relieved on 5 March 1853. As one of the largest landowners in Rio Grande do Sul, and now a war hero, Porto Alegre believed that he could win a senatorial seat in 1852, but his candidacy was a failure. From a list containing the names of the candidates who had received the most votes, Pedro II chose one of Porto Alegre's rivals as senator. During his campaign, Porto Alegre founded and became head of the \"Progressive-Liberal Party\", a provincial coalition drawn from members of both national political parties: the Liberal Party and the Party of Order (then increasingly known as the Conservative Party). His personal life greatly improved after he married Bernardina Soares de Paiva, who was thirty-three years his junior, on 11 June 1855. Their marriage was happy and produced two daughters, Maria Bernardina in 1860 and Clara in 1873. Between the death of his first wife and his second marriage, he had a daughter named Maria Manuela Marques, whom he legitimized. Porto Alegre petitioned for, and was granted, a military retirement on 7 July 1856 and was raised to lieutenant general, the second highest rank in the imperial army. The opportunity to graduate from provincial to national politics came soon after. The Conservative prime minister Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná, faced overwhelming opposition from his own party in parliament. Paraná knew that the party's principles were seen as irrelevant and ignored at local and provincial levels. A cabinet could use patronage alone to gain backing from local bosses for its national candidates, including in the province of Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre was a Liberal allied to Conservatives in his province. He pledged support to Paraná and in 1857 was elected general deputy (member of the Chamber of Deputies, the national legislature's lower house). He was reelected in 1860. On 19 February 1860, he founded and became the first and only president of the Historic and Geographic Institute of the Province of São Pedro (as Rio Grande do Sul was also known). The institute was short-lived, lasting from 1860 until 1864. In 1862, Porto Alegre was among the Liberals who, along with dissident Conservatives, founded the \"Liga Progressista\" (Progressive League), which replaced the Liberal Party. He became Minister of War on 24 May as a member of the first Progressive cabinet, headed by Zacarias de Góis e Vasconcelos. However, the cabinet fell after a vote of no confidence six days later. When the Chamber of Deputies was dissolved in 1863 and new elections were called, he was elected and served until 1866. In December 1864, the dictator of Paraguay, Francisco Solano López, ordered the invasion of the Brazilian province of Mato Grosso (currently the state of Mato Grosso do Sul), triggering the Paraguayan War. Four months later, Paraguayan troops invaded Argentine territory in preparation for an attack on Rio Grande do Sul. The situation in Rio Grande do Sul was chaotic, and the local military commanders were incapable of mounting an effective resistance to the Paraguayan army. The Baron of Porto Alegre offered to return to active duty, and on 21 July 1865, the government gave him command of the Brazilian land forces in Rio Grande do Sul. He set out for Uruguaiana, a small town in the province's west, where the Paraguayan army was besieged by a combined force of Brazilian, Argentine and Uruguayan units. Porto Alegre assumed the command of the Brazilian army in Uruguaiana on 21 August 1865. From the very beginning, he had an acrimonious relationship with Brazil's allies Bartolomé Mitre, president of Argentina, and Venancio Flores, president of Uruguay, who led the armies of their respective nations. The years had not lessened Porto Alegre's prejudice against Hispanic-Americans; on the contrary, his antagonism had increased. On 2 September, Flores suggested an immediate attack on Uruguaiana, an option rejected by Porto Alegre and Joaquim Marques Lisboa (then Viscount and later Marquis of Tamandaré), the commander-in-chief of",
"He set out for Uruguaiana, a small town in the province's west, where the Paraguayan army was besieged by a combined force of Brazilian, Argentine and Uruguayan units. Porto Alegre assumed the command of the Brazilian army in Uruguaiana on 21 August 1865. From the very beginning, he had an acrimonious relationship with Brazil's allies Bartolomé Mitre, president of Argentina, and Venancio Flores, president of Uruguay, who led the armies of their respective nations. The years had not lessened Porto Alegre's prejudice against Hispanic-Americans; on the contrary, his antagonism had increased. On 2 September, Flores suggested an immediate attack on Uruguaiana, an option rejected by Porto Alegre and Joaquim Marques Lisboa (then Viscount and later Marquis of Tamandaré), the commander-in-chief of the Brazilian navy. Tamandaré was a first cousin of Porto Alegre; their mothers were sisters. When Flores claimed that he could defeat the Paraguayan army alone, he was mocked by both Brazilian officers. Since his arrival in Uruguaiana, Mitre had claimed the position of commander-in-chief of all allied forces participating in the siege—a precedence Porto Alegre vehemently refused to recognize. He reminded the Argentine president that, according to the Treaty of the Triple Alliance, the imperial army would be led by a Brazilian officer while on Brazilian soil. Porto Alegre later argued that \"I would prefer to answer to a court-martial rather than to subject myself, in our territory, to the command of a foreign general\". The dispute was temporarily forgotten when Pedro II arrived at the front. The Brazilian monarch settled the dispute when, at his suggestion, the allied army was divided into three forces, one led by Porto Alegre and the other two by Mitre and Flores. On 18 September, the Paraguayan garrison surrendered without further bloodshed. The allies invaded Paraguay in April 1866, but after initial success, their advance was blocked by fortifications at Humaitá and along the Paraguay River. Porto Alegre had remained behind, leading the 2nd Corps and guarding Rio Grande do Sul. Mitre, no longer on Brazilian territory and acknowledged as the allied commander-in-chief, planned to use Porto Alegre's army to march through Paraguayan territory from the rear to surround Humaitá. As a result of a suggestion by Tamandaré—though Mitre had not issued orders for the move—Porto Alegre boarded his army onto Brazilian ships and instead brought them up to the positions occupied by the other allied troops. On 18 August, Porto Alegre received instructions from Mitre to attack the Paraguayan fort at Curuzú. The operation would be carried out under the command of Tamandaré. Porto Alegre not only refused to defer to his cousin, arguing that both held the same rank, but also warned that he would operate by himself at Curuzú. Porto Alegre was incapable of submitting his forces to foreign direction and was unwilling to comply with orders issued by the allied commander. Nor was the situation among the allied forces improved once Porto Alegre and Tamandaré found common ground in their distaste for the Brazilian commander of the 1st Corps, Field Marshal Polidoro Quintanilha Jordão (later the Viscount of Santa Teresa). Jordão was ostracized for supporting Mitre and for being a member of the Conservative Party, while Porto Alegre and Tamandaré were Progressives. Porto Alegre, who had been promoted from baron to viscount, led an amphibious attack that lasted from 1 September until the 3rd. His forces were victorious in the Battle of Curuzú. The allied army next marched to Curupayty, an outer line of defense of Humaitá. The Battle of Curupayty that ensued on 22 September was an immense allied defeat. The allied leaders blamed each other for disastrous failure at Curupayty, but the main focus of Porto Alegre's denunciations was Mitre. He said: \"Here is the result of the Brazilian government's lack of confidence in its generals and giving its armies to foreign generals.\" To end the internecine squabbling, the Brazilian government placed Caxias in command of all Brazilian forces in Paraguay. Formerly friends, Porto Alegre and Caxias (a member of the Conservative Party) had been estranged by politics. Tamandaré was replaced by Caxias' fellow Conservative Chief of Fleet Joaquim José Inácio (later the Viscount of Inhaúma), but Porto Alegre was kept on as head of the 2nd Corps. A little before dawn on 3 November 1867, the Paraguayans made a surprise attack on the allied camp at Tuyutí, breaching the Argentine lines. When Porto Alegre saw the mayhem—Argentine soldiers fleeing and Paraguayans inside the Brazilian perimeter—he shouted: \"\"Aqui morre até o último brasileiro!\"\" (\"In here shall die the very last Brazilian!\"). During the Second Battle of Tuyutí, as it was called, he fought with his saber in hand-to-hand combat and lost two horses one after the other. Porto Alegre and his troops, outnumbered three to one, stopped the Paraguayan advance and forced the enemy to retreat. Feeling very ill, and unable to mount a horse for a month, Porto Alegre was relieved of command on 27 January 1868. He returned to Rio Grande do Sul and was raised from viscount to count a few months later. On 16 July 1868, a Progressive cabinet led by Zacarias resigned following a political crisis and Pedro II asked the Conservatives to form a new government. As always when a party returned to power, new elections were held, though marked by fraud. The two main wings of the Progressive Party (Progressive, to which Porto Alegre belonged, and Historical) set aside their disputes, became more disciplined in their unity and renamed their party the Liberal Party. When Porto Alegre's term as general deputy ended in 1866, the ongoing war precluded elections in Rio Grande do Sul. Predictably, in the elections organized under the Conservative Party's direction in early 1869, he was not elected. He turned his attention to organizing a Liberal stronghold in his native province. At the request of the national Liberal Center, Porto Alegre created and became president of the province's Liberal board of directors. Around the same time, the count focused on two other projects: the first grew out of his longstanding interest in promoting literature and sciences, and the second, more ambitious aim was to fight for the gradual abolition of slavery. When in 1867 Pedro II openly asked for the gradual eradication of slavery in his Speech from the Throne, Porto Alegre was one of the few individuals who supported him, sending him a letter of congratulation. On 18 June 1869, the \"Partenon Literário\" (Literary Parthenon), a spiritual successor to the Historic and Geographic Institute of the Province of São Pedro, was created and Porto Alegre was made an honorary member. In one of its sessions, the count, who had already embarked on a plan of gradually freeing his own slaves, proposed the creation of a civil association devoted to slavery's abolition. His idea was not only welcomed but came to fruition. The \"Sociedade Libertadora\" (Liberation Society) was founded on 29 August, with Porto Alegre as its president, its primary purpose being the purchase of freedom for enslaved children. Porto Alegre was elected general deputy in 1872 for the legislature that would be seated in that year. José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco, headed a Conservative cabinet that faced strong opposition from its own party members. To widen the cabinet's base of support, the prime minister set the 1872 elections to gain more supporters of his cabinet, even members of the Liberal Party like Porto Alegre, in Parliament. While serving as a general deputy, he lived in a hotel. He spent his time either attending Parliament or in the house of his sister Joaquina Marques de Sousa, who had married a member of the influential Carneiro Leão clan. While leaving the house of fellow Liberal João Lustosa da Cunha Paranaguá (later Marquis of Paranaguá), Porto Alegre fell while boarding",
"enslaved children. Porto Alegre was elected general deputy in 1872 for the legislature that would be seated in that year. José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco, headed a Conservative cabinet that faced strong opposition from its own party members. To widen the cabinet's base of support, the prime minister set the 1872 elections to gain more supporters of his cabinet, even members of the Liberal Party like Porto Alegre, in Parliament. While serving as a general deputy, he lived in a hotel. He spent his time either attending Parliament or in the house of his sister Joaquina Marques de Sousa, who had married a member of the influential Carneiro Leão clan. While leaving the house of fellow Liberal João Lustosa da Cunha Paranaguá (later Marquis of Paranaguá), Porto Alegre fell while boarding his coupé. The injury he suffered led to an abscess and subsequently gangrene. Despite the pain, he complained little, other than to utter: \"This is too much.\" He died at 07:00 on the morning of 18 July 1875. His remains were accorded solemn funereal honors in Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande and lastly, Porto Alegre. Among the men who carried his coffin in the imperial capital were Caxias, Rio Branco, Tamandaré and Irineu Evangelista de Sousa, Viscount of Mauá. He was interred in the \"cemitério da Santa Casa de Misericórdia\" (Holy House of Mercy cemetery) in Porto Alegre. The Count of Porto Alegre was admired during his lifetime and for some time after that. Felisberto Caldeira Brant, Baron of Barbacena (son of the Marquis of Barbacena) thought that \"Marques de Sousa was the most brilliant type of soldier: heroic and patriotic.\" José Paranhos, Baron of Rio Branco, said that he was \"one of the most illustrious warriors that Brazil has had.\" Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay, regarded him a \"great warrior\". Almost ten years after the count's death, a marble statue representing him was unveiled on 2 February 1885 in the city of Porto Alegre. The celebration was accompanied by popular joy and an artillery salute, and was attended by Dona Isabel, daughter and heiress of Pedro II, and her husband Prince Gaston, Count of Eu. The downfall of the monarchy in 1889 brought sudden changes in how past events were viewed. The Ragamuffins were reframed as heroes in Rio Grande do Sul, and Porto Alegre became an awkward reminder and symbol of the fallen regime. The memories of other imperial officers, Porto Alegre's contemporaries, were subject to the same sort of revisionism, including the Duke of Caxias. After Porto Alegre's death, a marble tablet with the inscription \"Here was born the worthy Count of Porto Alegre\" was put at the entrance of the house where he was born. The plaque was removed in 1893 by the property's owner and left to deteriorate. In the late 1890s, historian Afredo Ferreira Rodrigues lamented that it was the \"testimony of one day's passing gratitude and of the indifference, of the abandonment, of the ingratitude, in which we [Brazilians], a people without civic education, know how to prize the services of the great men of the past.\" Although the Brazilian army remembered Caxias and celebrated his centennial in 1903, Porto Alegre's centennial in 1904 passed unnoticed. The work of historians has restored Porto Alegre's reputation to a certain extent. Heitor Lira said that \"Porto Alegre was certainly an officer of great valor\". Antônio da Rocha Almeida considered Porto Alegre \"one of the greatest soldiers of Brazil\". Gustavo Barroso regarded him \"the greatest military figure in Brazil, after Caxias and Osório\". Dante de Laytano said that he \"was one of the most brilliant military leaders in the History of Brazil.\" On 16 October 1974, Porto Alegre was accorded the minor honor of being designated the \"patrono\" (protector) of the 8th Cavalry regiment, which was given the name \"\"Regimento Conde de Porto Alegre\"\" (Count of Porto Alegre Regiment). Manuel Marques de Sousa, Count of Porto Alegre Manuel Marques de Sousa, Count of Porto Alegre (13 June 1804 – 18 July 1875), nicknamed \"the Gloved Centaur\", was an army officer, politician, abolitionist and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil. Born into a wealthy family of military background, Manuel Marques de Sousa joined"
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"Long Way to Go (Gwen Stefani and André 3000 song) \"Long Way to Go\" is a song by American singer Gwen Stefani and American rapper André 3000. The song appears as the closing track on Stefani's debut studio album, \"Love. Angel. Music. Baby.\" (2004). It was released on November 23, 2004, along with the rest of \"Love. Angel. Music. Baby.\" by Interscope Records. The track was written by both Stefani and 3000, while 3000 was the sole producer of the track. Despite being scrapped from André 3000's OutKast studio album, \"The Love Below\" (2003), Stefani and 3000 finalized a reworked version of the song to be included on the former's album. The song prominently features a sample from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s \"I Have a Dream\" speech in its closing outro. King is not credited for contributed lyrics to the song. Musically, \"Long Way to Go\" is influenced by electronic music and alternative hip hop, with partial influence from both dance music and soul music. After its release, \"Long Way to Go\" received scrutiny for its sample of \"I Have a Dream\". The song also was received negatively for its outdated metaphors on interracial relationships. However, the track did receive positive attention for being a \"standout\" on \"Love. Angel. Music. Baby.\" and also for its electronic production, particularly the closing of the track. Stefani performed the track during her 2005 Harajuku Lovers Tour, accompanied by the Harajuku Girls. During the rendition, digital images of people were displayed on a screen before the singer, while dancers performed minimal moves to achieve a more intimate approach. Production for \"Long Way to Go\" initially started in 2003 during recording sessions for both of Stefani and 3000's then upcoming studio albums. The original collaboration had Stefani as a featured artist, although 3000 intended for a different version of the song to make it on his album, \"The Love Below\". The pair worked together on a slightly different version of the track, where it was then finalized and placed on \"Love. Angel. Music. Baby.\". The original demo of the song has never been officially released to the public. Lyrically, the song discusses prejudices against interracial dating and the beauty of love. This meaning is made clear in the lyric, \"Beauty is beauty / Whether it's black or white\". The line, \"When snow hits the asphalt / Cold looks and bad talk come\" is used as a metaphor for the backlash that may occur when dating someone of the opposite race. The song also jokes that this problematic situation is \"beyond Martin Luther\". Throughout the closing of the track, prominent samples of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s \"I Have a Dream\" speech can be heard, set to \"unsynchronized M.I.A. like beats\" created by a CutMaster Swiff synthesizer. \"Vibe\" described MLK's speech as having \"made its mark on music artists\", with some artists like Stefani having \"lifted his word for their own tracks\". Upon release, \"Long Way to Go\" received polarized reviews from critics. Some music critics heavily criticized the track for its sampling of the \"I Have a Dream\" speech, while others found it to be an interesting song. Jason Damas of \"PopMatters\" unfavorably compared the song to OutKast's \"Spread\" and claimed that Stefani \"awkwardly comment[ed] on race relations and as such it's a bit of a buzzkill\". Krissi Murison of the British magazine, \"NME\", also was negative with her review, claiming that the track is a \"bar the knuckle-bitingly bad duet\", further adding that every song on \"Love. Angel. Music. Baby.\" sounds like a future hit, minus \"Long Way to Go\". Nick Sylvester of Pitchfork Media remained indifferent of the song as he thought that the song's lyrics \"feel out of place on an otherwise carefree album\" and preferred Stefani and 3000's other collaboration, \"Bubble Pop Electric\". However, Ryan Book of \"Music Times\", was less critical with his review: \"[Stefani] took a break from colorful music videos to make a statement of racial relations... the song uses a less clear sample than the other tracks, but interpolates his words into the electronic breakdown at the end of the song\". Marc Robisch of Thought Catalog felt that \"Long Way to Go\" is \"one of the most interesting out of any on \"Love. Angel. Music. Baby.\"\", further adding that the outro of the song resembles the work of M.I.A.. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic was mixed with his review, stating that the song \"is a jarring buzz kill – and that's what's appealing about \"L.A.M.B.\", even if it such a shallow celebration of fleeting style and outdated bling-bling culture, it can grate\". A review from \"Traxionary\" described \"Long Way to Go\" as \"a plea for interracial love–or the tolerant embrace of it–the central contention that \"beauty\" can be \"black or white/yellow or green\"\". In an extremely positive review of the track, Mike Usinger writing for \"The Georgia Straight\", claimed that \"[with] a surprisingly soulful duet with Andre 3000, Stefani has come up with the kind of solo album that gets singers thinking that maybe they don't need a backing band at all,\" referencing Stefani's time spent with No Doubt. Stefani included the song on the setlist for her 2005 concert tour Harajuku Lovers Tour. \"Long Way to Go\" was performed alongside the Harajuku Girls, a Japanese dance troupe; the Girls performed minimal dance moves due to the intentional intimacy of the song. During the performance, the lyrics of \"Long Way to Go\" occasionally flashed on the screens above Stefani. Due to the topic of interracial dating prevalent in the song, Stefani was surrounded by individuals of different races throughout the performance. Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Love. Angel. Music. Baby.\" Long Way to Go (Gwen Stefani and André 3000 song) \"Long Way to Go\" is a song by American singer Gwen Stefani and American rapper André 3000. The song appears as the closing track on Stefani's debut studio album, \"Love. Angel. Music. Baby.\" (2004). It was released on November 23, 2004, along with the rest of"
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"Etchū-Miyazaki Station Etchū-Miyazaki Station is served by the Ainokaze Toyama Railway Line and is 95.4 kilometres from the starting point of the line at . Some trains of the Echigo Tokimeki Railway Nihonkai Hisui Line terminate at Etchū-Miyazaki Station rather than neighbouring Etchū-Miyazaki Station has one island platform connected by a footbridge. The station is unattended. Etchū-Miyazaki Station opened on 20 November 1957 as a station on the Japan National Railways (JNR). It was privatized on 1 April 1984, becoming a station on JR West. From 14 March 2015, with the opening of the Hokuriku Shinkansen extension from to , local passenger operations over sections of the former Hokuriku Main Line running roughly parallel to the new shinkansen line were reassigned to different third-sector railway operating companies. From this date, Etchū-Miyazaki Station was transferred to the ownership of the third-sector operating company Ainokaze Toyama Railway. In fiscal 2015, the station was used by an average of 67 passengers daily (boarding passengers only). Etchū-Miyazaki Station Etchū-Miyazaki Station is served by the Ainokaze Toyama Railway Line and is 95.4 kilometres from the starting point of the line at . Some trains of the Echigo Tokimeki Railway Nihonkai Hisui Line terminate at Etchū-Miyazaki"
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"College Hunks Hauling Junk College Hunks Hauling Junk and College Hunks Moving is a North American junk removal and moving company with headquarters in Tampa, Florida. The company provides junk removal, local and long distance full service moving and office relocation services including in home donation pickup services for non-profit partner organizations. The company became operational in 2005 and began franchising in 2007. The company's services are available to both commercial and residential clients, with over 65% of the \"junk\" collected being donated to charities such as Goodwill Industries, recycled, reused or incinerated as fuel through the Covanta Energy Corporation. As of April 2017, College Hunks Hauling Junk and Moving had two company-owned locations and 100 franchised locations in the United States and Canada. College Hunks Hauling Junk began operations in 2004 after co-founder Omar Soliman won $10,000 in the annual Leigh Rothschild Business Plan Contest. Upon graduating from the University of Miami, Soliman and partner Nick Friedman moved to Washington D.C. and expanded the company into a full-scale operation. In its first two years, the company hauled away more than 4,000 tons of junk, and as of 2010 was hauling away an average of 10,000 tons each year. In 2008, the company moved its headquarters to Tampa, Florida and began franchising. The organization expanded and appeared on the Inc magazine's 500 Fastest Growing Companies list in 2009. The company was ranked #30 on Entrepreneur Magazine's Top 50 New Franchise Rankings in 2009. In September 2008, Friedman and Soliman tried but failed to secure funding from investors for a new business concept called College Foxes Packing Boxes, a full-service packing and professional organizing company. The company attempted to gain an investment of 250k for 25% for the \"foxes\", on the ABC investment television show \"Shark Tank\". The investors requested equity in the Hunks, and their offer on the Hunks was $1,000,000 for 10%. The show's investors ultimately rejected the offer, except for Robert Herjavec who offered 250K for 50% of the Foxes and 10% of the Hunks which was later rejected. Soliman and Friedman were contestants in the third-season premiere of Bravo TVs Millionaire Matchmaker hosted by Patti Stanger. Friedman and his girlfriend appeared on HGTV's \"House Hunters\", in an episode aired on July 7, 2013. In 2012, the company earned the Top 50 Franchisee Satisfaction Award and the INC Hire Power Award. In 2013, they won the Franchise 500 Award. College Hunks Hauling Junk College Hunks Hauling Junk and College Hunks Moving is a North American junk removal and moving company with headquarters in Tampa, Florida. The company provides junk removal, local and long distance full service moving and office relocation services including in home donation pickup services for non-profit partner organizations. The company became operational in 2005 and began franchising in 2007. The company's services are available to both commercial and residential clients, with over 65% of the \"junk\" collected being donated to charities such as Goodwill Industries, recycled, reused or incinerated as fuel through the Covanta Energy"
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"1958 College Baseball All-America Team An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position—who in turn are given the honorific \"All-America\" and typically referred to as \"All-American athletes\", or simply \"All-Americans\". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889. From 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA. 1958 College Baseball All-America Team An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position—who in turn are given the honorific \"All-America\" and typically referred to as \"All-American athletes\", or simply \"All-Americans\". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football"
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"Hillsboro Police Department (Oregon) The Hillsboro Police Department (HPD) is the municipal law enforcement agency of the city of Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. It is a regionally accredited agency with 127 sworn officers on the force. As of June 2016, the chief is Lee Dobrowolski in a city of over 90,000 residents west of Portland, Oregon, in Washington County. With 169 employees as of 2014, the department is the second largest police force in the county and seventh largest in Oregon. The Hillsboro Police Department grew to five employees in 1947, and expanded to 31 employees by 1976. In 1980, officer Gerald H. Erickson became the only officer in the department to die in the line of duty. The department hired Ron Louie as chief of police in 1992. The department had grown to 54 sworn officers in 1994. In 1995, Hillsboro police partnered with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Intel Corporation to start the Oregon High-Tech Crime Team to investigate and prosecute computer based crimes. Intel donated $100,000 to the program. By 1999, the department had seven officers assigned to the team. In 2003, the unit was dissolved after 93 arrests and the recovery of $208 million, after private funding ended and a new FBI lab was opened. The department became the first police agency in Oregon to collect racial information from traffic stops in May 2000. The information was collected to train officers to not target minority groups. Hillsboro PD examines the data monthly to analyze any numbers that appear disproportionate to Census data. By 2001, the department offered increased pay for officers who could speak Spanish. In 2006, police chief Ron Louie and one other officer were appointed to a six-person, statewide task force to analyze racial profiling along with the American Civil Liberties Union’s top person in the state, and former Oregon Supreme Court justice Edwin J. Peterson. The department established a mediation program in 1997. That program reached its goal of providing 32 hours of formal training for its entire workforce, becoming the first law enforcement agency in the United States accomplish this task. HPD has documented that mediation can lead to fewer repeat calls to police from those involved in disputes. The department purchased a closed Albertson's grocery store for $2.6 million in January 2001. The building was remodeled and became the new main precinct. The February 2001 Nisqually earthquake temporarily closed the police headquarters in downtown, but re-opened the same day after the damage to the old brick building was determined to be cosmetic and not structural. In December 2001, the department took issue with the appropriateness of some of the questions in the United States Department of Justice’s anti-terrorism interviews that followed the September 11 attacks. HPD became nationally accredited in 2004 by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA), and regionally accredited in 2008 by the Oregon Accreditation Alliance. The agency remained CALEA accredited until 2007. In 2003 officer Lila Ashenbrenner became the first woman in the department with a command position. At that time women made up 19% of the 106 officer force. On July 2, 2007, Ashenbrenner would become the departments first female chief of police when Louie retired. Prior chiefs of police include M. E. DeRock (1947–77), Herman Woll (1977-1991), Ron Louie (1992-2007), Lila Ashenbrenner (2007-2010), Carey Sullivan (2010-2014), and Lee Dobrowolski (2014 - current) In 1997, a police dog on the force was shot and killed in the line of duty, and in 2007 Hondo Dog Park was built by the city and named in honor of the fallen canine. The department's Life Intervention program for fighting truancy in schools was named a finalist an award by the International Association of Chiefs of Police in 2009. Carey Sullivan served as chief from July 2010 to March 2013, with former chief Ron Louie serving as interim chief. The city hired Lee Dobrowolski as the new chief, taking office in February 2014. The department, in conjunction with the Fire Department, announced a joint training facility would be built near Hillsboro Stadium. HPD operates two stations, a West Precinct located in downtown on 10th Street near the Washington/Southeast 12th Avenue MAX Station. The Tanasbourne Precinct is located in the Tanasbourne neighborhood on the city's eastside. Divisions include a patrol unit, detectives, emergency response team created in 1993, K-9 units, reserve units, and a Citizen's Enhancement Team, among others. The department utilizes automobiles, motorcycles, and bicycles in its enforcement mission. Some detectives and staff drive hybrid vehicles, as HPD's part in helping the City of Hillsboro go \"green.\" The department employs non-lethal weapons such as a special launcher that fires paintball-like pepper balls to incapacitate suspects. To reduce repeat calls for service, the department utilizes a mediation program that trains every member of the department. The department also utilizes police cadets to perform tasks that may otherwise take up the time of full-time officers. These tasks include participating in community events, traffic details, officer ride-a-longs, and graffiti cleanup. Hillsboro Police Department (Oregon) The Hillsboro Police Department (HPD) is the municipal law enforcement agency of the city of Hillsboro, Oregon, United States. It is a regionally accredited agency with 127 sworn officers on the force. As of June 2016, the chief is Lee Dobrowolski in a city of over 90,000 residents west of Portland, Oregon, in Washington County. With 169 employees as of 2014, the department is the"
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"Tania Singfield Tania Singfield (born September 2, 1970) is a Canadian footballer who played as a goalkeeper for the Canada women's national soccer team from 1990 to 1997. She was part of the team at the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup. After she finished playing professionally, Singfield coached other goalkeepers. She is the Director and Founder of Golden Gloves Academy in Ottawa, ON (Stittsville). She has helped develop players at all levels and has worked with many clubs, including Laguna Hills Eclipse in California, the Canadian National Team, and the National Excel Program (NEX).. Since 2014, she has been the goalkeeper coach for Canada's U17 national team. She served as goalkeeper coach at the 2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Jordan, the 2016 U-17 Four Nations Tour in China, the 2016 U-15 CONCACAF Championship in Orlando, Florida and the 2015 U-15 CONCACAF Championship in Cayman Islands. Tania Singfield Tania Singfield (born September 2, 1970) is a Canadian footballer who played as a goalkeeper for the Canada women's national soccer team from 1990 to 1997. She was part of the team at the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup. After she finished playing professionally, Singfield coached other goalkeepers. She is the"
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"Centre for Equal Opportunities and Opposition to Racism The Centre for Equal Opportunities and Opposition to Racism (CEOOR), also referred to as Centre for Equal Opportunities and Fight against Racism (CEOFR) or translated as Centre for Equal Opportunities and Struggle against Racism (Dutch: , before: \"Centrum voor gelijkheid van kansen en voor racismebestrijding\" or \"CGKR\", French: \"Centre pour l'égalité des chances et la lutte contre le racisme\" or \"CECLR\") is a Belgian government agency under the responsibility of the Prime Minister of Belgium. Its director is . The Centre was founded in 1993 by an Act of the Belgian Chamber of People's Representatives. The Centre lists as its principal tasks: The CEOOR has as its main goal to aid victims of discrimination, after an act of discrimination has occurred, or to prevent such acts. It has four ways of achieving this goal : The CEOOR was, together with the Liga voor Mensenrechten (\"Human Rights League\"), a plaintiff in the law case that led to the conviction of three Vlaams Blok organisations for \"incitement to hate and discrimination.\" In April 2002 the Centre lodged a complaint against the Centre Islamique et Culturel de Belgique because of a video on its website in which Israel was equated with a Nazi dictatorship. In June 2002, the CEOOR lodged another complaint against the Belgian Arab European League, also for racism. The Centre has been criticized by, among others, Matthias Storme. Storme sees the Centre as leading a \"political inquisition\" in suppressing alternative political views. Storme was earlier successful in fighting a case before the Belgian Supreme Court, where he showed that some articles of the Belgian \"anti-discrimination law\" were in violation with the constitutionally protected right of freedom of speech. However, Storme himself was named in 2014 as administrator of this Interfederal Centre. Another publisher at \"The Brussels Journal\", Paul Beliën, withdrew a text upon the Centre's officially filed complaint. On 21 July 2004, the Centre together with the Dutch-speaking Human Rights League in Belgium received the country's annual \"Democracy Award\". It is given to persons or organisations that \"protect or enhance political democracy or facilitate the participation of citizens in society\". The jury from the organisations, \"Trefpunt\" and the anti-globalist \"Democratie 2000\", awarded this prize to the Centre and Liga for their role in the condemnation of the Vlaams Blok in a case before the Ghent Court of Appeals. In November 2010, the Centre came under scrutiny and received protests from Parliamentarians after that it was confronted with anti-Judaic texts published on their website regarding stoning of women. The Centre removed thereafter the racist texts from their site. The 2005 financial report of the Centre showed that of its total revenue of €6.2 million, €4.4 million came from the and €1.0 million from the Centre's projects. Expenditure for personnel were €4.0 million. The Centre posted a net result of €705,000 in 2005. The balance at the end of the year 2005 showed, that the Centre's equity was €4.94 million. Centre for Equal Opportunities"
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"Paralytic Tonight, Dublin Tomorrow Paralytic Tonight, Dublin Tomorrow is a 7\" extended play released in March 1980 by Australian Punk band The Saints. It was produced by the group's singer-guitarist, Chris Bailey using the pseudonym L. Lambert. It is their first release after founding guitarist, Ed Kuepper, had left the band. The Saints line-up for the EP was Chris Bailey on lead vocals and guitar; C. Barrington on guitar; Cub Calloway on guitar; Ivor Hay on drums; and Janine Hall on bass guitar. A 12\" version with an additional track, \"Miss Wonderful\", was issued on the French label, New Rose. Clinton Walker described \"Paralytic Tonight, Dublin Tomorrow\" as, \"shambolic in the extreme, but still possessed of a certain spark.\" Australian musician, Paul Kelly remembered that he had \"cottoned onto The Saints around the time of \"Prehistoric Sounds\", their third album. \"Paralytic Tonight\" is a four track EP that came not long after. I played it over and over again in a flat on Punt Road. This was their great middle period.\" AllMusic's Mark Deming rated it as three-and-a-half stars out of five and explained, \"While these four songs (or five, depending on which version you buy) are tougher and more rock-oriented than the albums that would soon follow from Bailey's edition of the group, they're still a far cry from the breakneck fury of \"(I'm) Stranded\" or \"Eternally Yours\".\" Australian release Side A Side B French release Side A Side B Paralytic Tonight, Dublin Tomorrow Paralytic Tonight, Dublin Tomorrow is a 7\" extended play released in March 1980 by Australian Punk band The Saints. It was produced by the group's singer-guitarist, Chris Bailey using the pseudonym L. Lambert. It is their first release after founding guitarist, Ed Kuepper, had left the band. The Saints line-up for the EP was Chris"
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"Wheat Ridge High School Wheat Ridge High School is a public secondary school operated by the Jefferson County School District R-1 in Wheat Ridge, Colorado, United States. From the school profile: Wheat Ridge High School is a \"HIGH\" achieving school as rated by the Colorado Department of Education. Wheat Ridge has a rich tradition of academic and athletic excellence in Jefferson County. The school has graduated 141 National Merit Finalists, 28 Boettcher Scholars and four Fred Steinmark Award recipients. In addition to strong academic achievements, athletics, marching band, visual and performing arts, and competitive speech programs continue to excel, receiving state and national recognition. State championship titles: State athletic records held by school athletes: Fight Farmers down the field, Wheat Ridge will win, Fight on to victory, Wheat Ridge knows no defeat. So roll up a mighty score, Never give in! Shoulder to shoulder we will Fight, Fight, Fight, Fight, Win! Wheat Ridge High School Wheat Ridge High School is a public secondary school operated by the Jefferson County School District R-1 in Wheat Ridge, Colorado, United States. From the school profile: Wheat Ridge High School is a \"HIGH\" achieving school as rated by the Colorado Department of Education. Wheat"
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"HMS Sceptre (S104) The fifth HMS \"Sceptre\" is a \"Swiftsure\"-class submarine built by Vickers in Barrow-in-Furness. She was launched in 1976, with a bottle of cider against her hull. She was commissioned on 14 February 1978, by Lady Audrey White. She was the tenth nuclear fleet submarine to enter service with the Royal Navy. She was decommissioned on 10 December 2010, at which time she was the oldest commissioned vessel in the Royal Navy still available for service. In theory she is replaced by the first in service, HMS \"Astute\". \"Sceptre\" has suffered several severe accidents in her career. On 23 May 1981 she collided with a Russian submarine (K-211) and her reactor's protection systems would have performed an automatic emergency shutdown (scrammed the reactor), but her captain ordered the safety mechanisms overridden (battleshort enabled). The crew were told to say that they had hit an iceberg. Much of \"Sceptre\"s forward outer casing was torn away; there was damage to the fin with the bridge no longer there; and the propeller of the Russian boat had cut into the pressure hull. This incident was disclosed when David Forghan, \"Sceptre\"s former weapons officer, gave a television interview which was broadcast on 19 September 1991. The Soviet submarine collided with was K-211 of the Delta-III class, which on 23 May 1981 collided with an unknown submarine, identified at the time as an unknown \"Sturgeon\"-class American submarine. In 1987 \"Sceptre\" was fitted with an improved reactor core (Core Z). In March 1990, there was a coolant leak while \"Sceptre\" was at Devonport. On 20 October 1991, there was a fire onboard while the boat was moored at Faslane. In August 1995 \"Sceptre\" was forced to abort her patrol and return to Faslane after suffering, in the words of the Ministry of Defence, \"an unspecified fault in the propulsion system.\" A defect in \"Sceptre\"s reactor was discovered in 1998, though its seriousness was not appreciated until after the investigation of another serious accident. In November 2010, it was reported in Hansard that \"Sceptre\" had snagged the nets of the fishing vessel Scotia in November 1989. On 6 March 2000 \"Sceptre\" suffered a serious accident while inside a drydock at the Rosyth yards while undergoing trials towards the end of a major refit. The test involved flooding the drydock, and running the main engines slowly with steam supplied from the shore. However, too much steam was used and the engines went to full speed. \"Sceptre\" broke her moorings and shot forward off the cradle she rested on. The steam line ruptured, scaffolding buckled, a crane was pushed forward some 15 feet, and the submarine moved forward some 30 feet inside the dock. The investigation into the runaway also looked at \"Sceptre\"’s reactor problems, and recommended that the boat be scrapped. In January 2002, with \"Sceptre\" still laid up, Defence Minister Adam Ingram declared that the problem was \"small original fabrication imperfections\" in the reactor pressure vessel. He could not say how long it would take to inspect and repair the problem. In December 2003, \" Sceptre\" was accepted back into the fleet after rigorous sea trials. On 3 February 2005, \"Sceptre\" put in at Gibraltar for repairs, expecting to leave within six days. British officials assured Spanish officials that damage is in the cooling system of the boat's diesel generator, not to the nuclear propulsion system. ( spent much of 2000 at Gibraltar repairing a leak in her reactor coolant system.) Nonetheless Spain's Foreign Minister Miguel Angel Moratinos registered Spain's \"firm protest\" with Jack Straw, and insisted that \"Sceptre\" be the last British submarine repaired at Gibraltar. In addition, Peter Caruana, Gibraltar's Chief Minister, claimed that he had been misinformed about the repairs by the British Ministry of Defence, and that he had learned the true extent of the problems from Spanish sources. Apparently London officials had told him that the repairs were all external, neglecting to mention the diesel generator's cooling system. On 7 February 2005, British military spokeswoman Katherine Purdhoe announced that repairs had been completed; the boat left Gibraltar on 9 February. HMS \"Sceptre\" was sent to the Falkland Islands to support the British garrison in March 2010, during Desire Petroleum's exploratory oil-drillings. In the Tom Clancy novel \"The Hunt for Red October\", Captain Mancuso claims to civilian authorities in Norfolk that the eponymous vessel is the \"Sceptre\" in order to avert suspicion from its arrival in the harbor. In the Tom Clancy novel \"Red Storm Rising\", HMS \"Sceptre\" takes part in a coordinated strike against Russian forces. HMS Sceptre (S104) The fifth HMS \"Sceptre\" is a \"Swiftsure\"-class submarine built by Vickers in Barrow-in-Furness. She was launched in 1976, with a bottle of cider against her hull. She was commissioned on 14 February 1978, by Lady Audrey White. She was the tenth"
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"A.C. ChievoVerona Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona (more commonly known as ChievoVerona or simply Chievo ) is an Italian professional football club named after and based in Chievo, a suburb of 4,500 inhabitants in Verona, Veneto, and owned by Paluani, a bakery product company and the inspiration for their original name, Paluani Chievo. The club shares the 38,402 seater Marc'Antonio Bentegodi stadium with its cross-town rivals Hellas Verona. The team was founded in 1929 by a small number of football fans from the small borough of Chievo, a Verona neighbourhood. Initially the club was not officially affiliated to the Italian Football Federation (FIGC), but nonetheless played several amateur tournament and friendly matches under the denomination \"O.N.D. Chievo\", a title imposed by the fascist regime. The club's formal debut in an official league was on 8 November 1931. The team colours at the time were blue and white. Chievo disbanded in 1936, however, due to economic woes but returned to play in 1948 after World War II, being registered in the regional league of \"Seconda Divisione\" (Second Division). In 1957, the team moved to the \"Carlantonio Bottagisio\" parish field, where they played until 1986. In 1959, after the restructuring of the football leagues, Chievo was admitted to play the \"Seconda Categoria\" (Second Category), a regional league placed next-to-last in the Italian football pyramid. That year, Chievo changed its name to \"Cardi Chievo\", after a new sponsor, and was quickly promoted to the \"Prima Categoria\", from which it experienced its first-ever relegation in 1962. In 1964, Luigi Campedelli, a businessman and owner of the Paluani company, was named new Chievo chairman. Under Campedelli's presidency, Chievo climbed through the entire Italian football pyramid, reaching the Serie D after the 1974–75 season. Under the name \"Paluani Chievo\", the team was promoted to Serie C2 in 1986. As a consequence of promotion, Chievo was forced to move to the Stadio Marcantonio Bentegodi, the main venue in Verona; another promotion, to Serie C1, followed in 1989. In 1990, the team changed its name to its current one, \"A.C. ChievoVerona.\" In 1992, President Luigi Campedelli, who had returned at the helm of the club two years before, died of a heart attack, and his son Luca Campedelli, aged just 23, became the new and youngest chairman of an Italian professional football club. Campedelli promoted Giovanni Sartori to director of football and named Alberto Malesani as the new head coach. Under Malesani, the team astonishingly won the Serie C1 and was promoted to Serie B, where city rival Hellas Verona was playing at the time. In 1997, after Malesani signed for Fiorentina, Silvio Baldini was appointed the new head coach. The following season, with Domenico Caso as the coach, saw the first dismissal of a coach during the presidency of Luca Campedelli, with Caso being fired and replaced with Lorenzo Balestro. It was during these years that the nickname \"\"mussi volanti\"\" (\"flying donkeys\") was born. It originated from supporters of their crosstown rivals Hellas, who would mock long-suffering Chievo supporters that Chievo will only be promoted if \"donkeys could fly\" (equivalent of the English language falsism \"if pigs could fly\", denoting an impossible dream). In 2000–01, Luigi Delneri was signed as coach and led Chievo, by virtue of its third-place finish in Serie B, to promotion to Serie A, the first time in team history that it had reached the top tier of Italian football. In its 2001–02, Chievo's Serie A debut season, the team was most critics' choice for an instant return to Serie B. However, they became the surprise team in the league, playing often spectacular and entertaining football and even leading the league for six consecutive weeks. The club finally ended the season with a highly respectable fifth-place finish, qualifying the team to play in the UEFA Cup. Chievo's impressive performance inspired a 2002 book about soccer economics titled \"Fenomeno Chievo. Economia, costume, società\" by Marco Vitale. In 2002–03, Chievo debuted at the European level but were eliminated in the first round by Red Star Belgrade. The team finished the Serie A season in seventh place, again proving itself one of the better Serie A teams. The 2003–04 season, the last with Delneri at the helm, saw Chievo finish ninth. The 2004–05 season is remembered as one of the toughest ever in Chievo's history. Mario Beretta, a Serie A novice from Ternana, was named the coach but, after a strong start that brought Chievo to third behind Juventus and Milan, the team slowly lost position in the league table. With three matches remaining in the season, Chievo was third-from-last, a position which would see it relegated to Serie B. As a last resort, Beretta was fired and Maurizio D'Angelo, a former Chievo player, was appointed temporarily to replace him as coach. Morale improved, and two wins and a draw from the final three matches proved just enough to keep Chievo in Serie A. In 2005–06, Giuseppe Pillon of Treviso FBC was appointed as new coach. The team experienced a return to the successful Delneri era, both in style of play and results, which resulted in Chievo ending the season in seventh and gaining a berth in the UEFA Cup. However, because of the football scandal involving several top-class teams, all of which finished higher than Chievo in the 2005–06 season, the Flying Donkeys were awarded a place in the next Champions League preliminary phase. On 14 July 2006, the verdict in the scandal was made public. Juventus, Milan and Fiorentina, who had all originally qualified for the 2006–07 Champions League, and Lazio, who had originally qualified for the 2006–07 UEFA Cup, were all banned from UEFA competition for the 2006–07 season, although Milan were allowed to enter the Champions League after their appeal to the FIGC. Chievo took up a place in the third qualifying stage of the competition along with Milan and faced Bulgarian side Levski Sofia. Chievo lost the first leg 2–0 in Sofia and managed a 2–2 home draw on the second leg and were eliminated by a 4–2 aggregate score with Levski advancing to the Champions League group stage. As a Champions League third round qualifying loser, Chievo was given a place in the UEFA Cup final qualifying round. On 25 August 2006, they were drawn to face Portuguese side Braga. The first leg, played on 14 September in Braga, ended in a 2–0 win for the Portuguese. The return match, played on 28 September in Verona, although won by Chievo 2–1, resulted in a 3–2 aggregate loss and the club's elimination from the competition. On 16 October 2006, following a 1–0 defeat against Torino, head coach Giuseppe Pillon was fired, and replaced by Luigi Delneri, one of the original symbols of the \"miracle Chievo\", who had led the club to the Serie A in 2002. On 27 May 2007, the last match day of the 2006–07 Serie A season, Chievo was one of five teams in danger of falling into the last undecided relegation spot. Needing only a draw against Catania, a direct competitor in the relegation battle, Chievo lost 2–0 playing on a neutral field in Bologna. Wins by Parma, Siena and Reggina condemned Chievo to Serie B for the 2007–08 season after six seasons in the top flight. Even as a relatively-successful Serie A team the club, which averages only 9,000 to 10,000 fans and is kept afloat mainly by money from television rights, does not have the same number of fan supporters as Hellas, the oldest team in Verona. The difference between the clubs supporters' number is highlighted during local derby games played in season 2001–02 at the clubs' shared stadium when, for Chievo's \"home\" fixtures, the Chievo fans were located in \"away\" end of the stadium (the area of the stadium Chievo's supporters by years claim as \"theirs\", in fact the main supporters faction's name is \"North Side\", the side of the stadium usually assigned to away teams' supporters), while the most of the rest of the",
"Chievo to Serie B for the 2007–08 season after six seasons in the top flight. Even as a relatively-successful Serie A team the club, which averages only 9,000 to 10,000 fans and is kept afloat mainly by money from television rights, does not have the same number of fan supporters as Hellas, the oldest team in Verona. The difference between the clubs supporters' number is highlighted during local derby games played in season 2001–02 at the clubs' shared stadium when, for Chievo's \"home\" fixtures, the Chievo fans were located in \"away\" end of the stadium (the area of the stadium Chievo's supporters by years claim as \"theirs\", in fact the main supporters faction's name is \"North Side\", the side of the stadium usually assigned to away teams' supporters), while the most of the rest of the stadium seats was assigned to Hellas supporters. Chievo bounced back quickly from the disappointment of their relegation on the last matchday of 2006–07, going in search of an immediate promotion back to the top flight. After the expected departure of several top-quality players including Franco Semioli, Salvatore Lanna, Matteo Brighi, Paolo Sammarco and Erjon Bogdani, the manager Delneri also parted ways with the club. Giuseppe Iachini replaced him and the captain, Lorenzo D'Anna, gave way to Sergio Pellissier at the end of the transfer window. A new squad was constructed, most notably including the arrivals of midfielders Maurizio Ciaramitaro and Simone Bentivoglio, defender César and forward Antimo Iunco. This new incarnation of the \"gialloblu\" were crowned winter champions (along with Bologna), en route to a 41st matchday promotion after a 1–1 draw at Grosseto left them four points clear of third-place Lecce with one match remaining. In addition to winning promotion, they were conferred with the Ali della Vittoria trophy on the final matchday of the season, their first league title of any kind in 14 years. In their first season back to the top flight, Chievo immediately struggled in the league resulting in the dismissal of Iachini in November and his replacement with former Parma boss Domenico Di Carlo. After Di Carlo's appointment, Chievo managed a remarkable resurgence that led the \"gialloblu\" out of the relegation zone after having collected just nine points from their first 17 matches. Highlight matches included a 3–0 defeat of Lazio (who then won the 2008–09 Coppa Italia title) at the Stadio Olimpico, and a thrilling 3–3 draw away to Juventus in which captain and longtime Chievo striker Sergio Pellissier scored a late equaliser to complete his first career hat-trick. A series of hard-fought draws against top clubs Roma, Internazionale and Genoa in the final stretch of the season solidified \"Ceo\"'s position outside the drop zone and Serie A status was finally confirmed on matchday 37 with a home draw against Bologna. A largely unchanged lineup earned safety the following season with four matchdays to spare, and Chievo is therefore a part of the inaugural Lega Calcio Serie A in 2010–11, their third consecutive season (and ninth season in the last ten years) in the top flight of Italian football. Note: this list includes players that have reached international status. The club's original colours were blue and white and not the current blue and yellow. The club's historic nickname is \"Gialloblu\" (from the club colours of yellow and blue), although throughout Italian football, the Verona's team recognised in the past by most fans as \"Gialloblu\" are Hellas Verona, Chievo's main rivals. Local supporters often call the club simply \"Ceo\", which is Venetian for Chievo. The club is now sometimes referred to as the \"I Mussi Volanti\" (\"The Flying Donkeys\" in the Verona dialect of Venetian). \"The Flying Donkeys\" nickname was originally used by fans from crosstown rivals Hellas to mock Chievo. The two clubs first met in Serie B in the mid-1990s, with Hellas chanting \"Quando i mussi volara, il Ceo in Serie A\" — \"Donkeys will fly before Chievo are in Serie A.\" However, once Chievo earned promotion to Serie A at the end of the 2000–01 Serie B season, Chievo fans started to call themselves \"The Flying Donkeys\". The current club crest represents Cangrande I della Scala, a medieval lord of Verona. Stadio Marcantonio Bentegodi is a stadium in Verona, Italy. It is also the home of Chievo Verona city rival Hellas. Inaugurated as a state-of-the-art facility and as one of Italy's finest venues in 1963, the stadium appeared excessive for a team (Hellas) that had spent the best part of the previous 35 years in Serie B. For the 1990 FIFA World Cup renovations included an extra tier and a roof to cover all sections, improved visibility, public transport connections, an urban motorway connecting the city centre with the stadium and the Verona Nord motorway exit and services. A.C. ChievoVerona Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona (more commonly known as ChievoVerona or simply Chievo )"
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"Clara Seekamp Clara Maria Seekamp (born Clara Maria Lodge 1819–1908) was the first female editor of \"The Ballarat Times\", an Australian newspaper. She was born Clara Lodge in Limerick, Ireland, in 1819. She eloped with her dancing teacher, George Du Val (brother of portrait painter Charles Allen Du Val) at an early age. They had three children; Oliver, Francis and Clara, and came to the attention of the law on several occasions. In one incident her husband was arrested in Liverpool after being involved in a kidnapping gone wrong. Clara Du Val arrived in Australia in May 1853, with two of her children, but without her husband, and having recorded her age as 20 (she was actually 34). There is no further record of George Du Val; it is not known whether he died, or they separated. Her two sons accompanied her, but her daughter Clara was left behind in Ireland. She became an actress at a tent theatre set up at an area known as the Gravel Pits in the gold mining town of Ballarat, and conducted a theatrical company there. By 1854, Clara had become the de facto wife of Henry Seekamp, editor and publisher of \"The Ballarat Times\", and 10 years her junior. Although they referred to each other as husband and wife, and Clara the younger children took Seekamp's name, no official record of a marriage has been found. \"The Ballarat Times\" was run in their household, which was on Bakery Hill, close to the Gravel Pits. The newspaper was successful, and the little building they had had before was turned into a compound which consisted of: a printing office, stables, a kitchen, a separate residence, office and a coach-house. Her husband was a supporter of the Ballarat Reform League, and the newspaper's fiery editorials on behalf of the miners eventually drew government attention. The day after the Eureka Stockade, Henry Seekamp was arrested for Seditious Libel on 4 December 1855 . Historian Clare Wright speculates that Clara herself may have written some of the offending editorials, (Henry claimed in his defence that he had not written all of them) as she was erudite enough, and more convenient than other candidates that have been suggested. Certainly while Henry was in jail, Clara took over the running of the \"Ballarat Times\", becoming the first female editor of an Australian newspaper, and her editorials proved equally, if not more outspoken than her husband's. After Governor Hotham decided to blame 'foreigners' for stirring up the rebellion, Clara responded with the New Year's Day editorial of 1855, writing: \"\"What is it that constitutes a foreigner?...'Could you not have found some other and' more truthful excuse for all the illegal and even murderous excesses committed by your soldiery and butchers ? Could you not admit that the whole affair was brought about by acts of our tyrannical, corrupt, and unjust local government?... What is this country else than Australia? Is it any more England than it is Ireland or Scotland, France or America, Italy or Germany ? Is the population, wealth, intelligence, enterprise and learning wholly and solely English ?... No, the population of Australia is not English but Australian, and sui generis. Any one who immigrates into this country, no matter from what clime or of what people, and contributes towards the development of its resources and its wealth, is no longer a foreigner...The latest immigrant is the youngest Australian\"\" The \"Geelong Advertiser\" commented that \"\"The Ballarat Times\" contains...a manifesto from Mrs Seekamp...startling in its tone...and the free use of the words sedition, liberty and oppression\" and hoped for a \"lenient sentence upon Mr Seekamp and a quick return to his editorial duties\" to relieve the \"dangerous influence of a free press petticoat government\" She protested her husband's sentence, passing around a petition to have him freed, and due to public outcry Henry was released after only 3 months. However, before he could return, on 1 March she and a guest were held at gunpoint and robbed by a former employee while tallying up the newspapers accounts. The thieves escaped with almost 100 pounds, but were later arrested and jailed after Clara gave evidence. Henry was not well after being released from jail, and his poor health led to the eventual sale of the \"Ballarat Times\" in late 1856. Clara's daughter, now seven, had travelled from Ireland, and joined the family. The government, wanting to expand the road the \"Ballarat Times\" was situated on, compulsorily acquired portions of the land in 1856 and 1859. Clara petitioned for money from the government to make up for her loss of business income and property value; after many delays the government eventually awarded her 500 pounds in 1862. Whether Clara and Henry were still living together is not clear. He appears to have been in Queensland at some point in 1862. He died there in January 1864. Clara and her three children moved to Melbourne. In 1868 her daughter Clara died from diphtheria at the age of 18, and later that year her son Oliver was arrested for stealing building materials from empty houses. She is reported as appearing in court \"much grieved with her son's position\" and offered that \"his name was down for a situation in the General Post Office\" in his defence. She wrote a letter asking for financial help from the Victorian Press Association in 1873. Oliver died of lead poisoning in 1884. Clara herself died in Pascoe Vale, Melbourne at her son Francis' house on 22 January 1908. She is buried with Oliver in Melbourne General Cemetery. Clara Seekamp Clara Maria Seekamp (born Clara Maria Lodge 1819–1908) was the first female editor of \"The Ballarat Times\", an Australian newspaper. She was born Clara Lodge in Limerick, Ireland, in 1819. She eloped with her dancing teacher, George Du Val (brother of portrait painter Charles Allen Du Val) at an early age. They had three children; Oliver, Francis and Clara, and came to the attention of the law on several"
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"George Rainsford (actor) George Rainsford (born 31 July 1982) is a British actor, best known for his portrayal of Jimmy Wilson in the medical drama \"Call the Midwife\" and Ethan Hardy in \"Casualty\", for which he has been nominated for a Best Actor award in the 2017 TV Choice Awards. Rainsford was born in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire. He attended Repton School in Repton, Derbyshire, where he became interested in drama. Whilst reading for a Bachelor of Arts in drama at the University of Manchester, he was involved with the student theatre. He joined the National Youth Theatre in June 2003 and won a Goldman Sachs scholarship to the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. After graduating in 2006, he appeared in \"The Three Musketeers\" as D'Artagnan at Bristol Old Vic. In September 2013, it was announced that Rainsford would join the main cast of \"Casualty\" as Dr Ethan Hardy. He took part in an audition in London and a screen test in Cardiff with Richard Winsor. In November 2009, Rainsford was treated at Salisbury District Hospital for a gashed fist and damaged tendon after accidentally punching Luke Norris during a stage fight in the Royal Shakespeare Company production \"Days of Significance\". In the summer of 2014, Rainsford took three episodes of \"Casualty\" off due to paternity leave. His last episode of 2014 was aired on 29 November, and he returned at the start of 2015. George Rainsford (actor) George Rainsford (born 31 July 1982) is a British actor, best known for his portrayal of Jimmy Wilson in the medical drama \"Call the Midwife\" and Ethan Hardy in \"Casualty\", for which he has been nominated for a Best Actor award in the 2017 TV Choice Awards. Rainsford was born in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire. He attended Repton School in Repton, Derbyshire,"
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"George Calnan George Charles Calnan (January 18, 1900 – April 4, 1933) was a United States Navy officer who also competed for the United States as a fencer. Competing in four Summer Olympics, he earned three bronze medals (Individual épée: 1928, Team foil: 1932, Team épée: 1932) A native of Boston, Massachusetts, Calnan did not start fencing until he was a student at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. By the time he was a senior, he was captain of the Navy's fencing team. Two years later, Calnan competed for the US at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris where he finished tied for fifth in the team épée competition. Calnan took the Olympic Oath at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Calnan was among the 73 fatalities of the USS \"Akron\" crash in 1933. He had a lieutenant's rank at the time of the crash. He was posthumously inducted in the US Fencing Hall of Fame in 1963, among the first inductees. George Calnan George Charles Calnan (January 18, 1900 – April 4, 1933) was a United States Navy officer who also competed for the United States as a fencer. Competing in four Summer Olympics, he"
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"Voznesensk Voznesensk () is a city in Mykolaiv Oblast (region) of Ukraine and the administrative center of Voznesensk Raion (district). Administratively, it is incorporated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. Population: In 2001, the city's population was 42,634. The city was founded by Catherine II the Great in 1790 on the site of a previously existing Sokoly cossack settlement belonging to the Buh Cossack Host; Prince Potemkin oversaw the expansion plans. However, the project was abandoned shortly after Catherine's death in 1796. Despite the brevity of this period of accelerated development, Voznesensk managed to attract a significant number of new inhabitants and cemented its position as one of the centers of trade in Southern Ukraine. The Voznesensk train station is an important stop along the Odessa line, with direct trains available to major cities including Kiev, Moscow, Dnipro, Kharkiv, Luhansk, and Donets'k. The main bus station offers many destinations including buses to Kiev, Mykolayiv and Kherson. Local marshrutkas (route buses) run from the center to all of the cities' microregions and surrounding villages as well as every half-hour to Mykolayiv. Voznesensk has 9 schools, a lyceum, a technicum, and a college. Voznesensk has many available recreational opportunities. The city is situated along the Southern Buh river, where residents swim, fish, and relax on the riverbanks. To the north of Voznesensk, near Pervomaisk, the Southern Buh flows through a canyon which is famous for its whitewater rafting and mountain climbing. The stadium in the center of Voznesensk features a football pitch, tennis court, track, and playground. The sports club \"VOSCO\" in the third microregion has an indoor basketball/tennis court as well as a weight training room. In fall 2012, a new sports complex in the center, \"Waterfall\", opened, which has a swimming pool, training room and saunas. The famous artist, Yevgeny Kibrik (1906-1978), was born and grew up in Voznesensk. There is a museum featuring his art on Lenin St. [[Category:Cities in Mykolaiv Oblast]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1790]] [[Category:Kherson Governorate]] [[Category:Cities of regional significance in Ukraine]] [[Category:Populated places established in the Russian Empire]] [[Category:Populated places on the Southern Bug]] Voznesensk Voznesensk () is a city in Mykolaiv Oblast (region) of Ukraine and the administrative center of Voznesensk Raion (district). Administratively, it is incorporated as a city of oblast significance and does not belong to the raion. Population: In 2001, the city's population was"
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"Jagoff Jagoff or jag-off is an American English derogatory slang term from Pittsburghese meaning a person who is stupid or inept. It is most prominent in the Greater Pittsburgh area. The \"Dictionary of American Regional English\" defines the term as a \"general term of disparagement\". It is an archetypical Pittsburgh word, conjuring feelings of delight among Pittsburgh expatriates. According to Barbara Johnstone, professor of English and linguistics at Carnegie Mellon University, the term has its roots in the northern British Isles, an area that supplied many immigrants to Pittsburgh. It is derived from the verb \"to jag\". which means \"to prick or poke\". Johnstone said that among local Pittsburghers, \"Nobody thinks of these derivatives of 'jag' as obscene\", though non-local fellow Americans often mishear \"jagoff\" as the much more offensive slang term \"jack off\". The term was often used by Michael Keaton, a native of the Pittsburgh region, in many of his early films, most notably \"Night Shift\" and \"Gung Ho\". The term was used in the 2010 Denzel Washington film \"Unstoppable\" as a nod to the fact that the movie was filmed in Pittsburgh. \"SNL\" writer/actor Seth Meyers, the son of a Pittsburgh native, used the term and a Pittsburghese accent during a sketch entitled \"\"Bar\"\" in which he also performed a Bill Cowher impression. On December 8, 2015, Mayor John Fetterman of Braddock, Pennsylvania, declared Donald Trump a jagoff in a press release after Trump called for a ban of all Muslims travelling to the United States. On July 30, 2016, Pittsburgh native Mark Cuban, a technology entrepreneur and owner of the Dallas Mavericks, referred to Trump as a \"jagoff\" during a speech in Pittsburgh, endorsing Hillary Clinton for president of the United States. The term was used on \"Final Space\" season one, episode seven. The artificial intelligence, H.U.E., states that \"KVN is a jag-off, Gary.\" In 2010, Pittsburgh-native and coach of the Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team, John Calipari raised hackles in the media when he jokingly referred to fellow Pittsburgher John Buccigross as a \"jagoff\". In 2012, David Shribman, a Massachusetts native and executive editor of the \"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\", issued a letter banning the use of the word \"jagoff\" anywhere in the newspaper. The decision was mocked by Chris Potter of the \"Pittsburgh City Paper\", noting that Shribman's letter belied an utter lack of understanding of the actual etymology and history of the word, as he had confused it with the more base homophone, \"jack off\", common slang for masturbation. In response \"The Beaver County Times\" used some form of the term 19 times in a single article, suggesting that Shribman has \"Jagoffphobia\". Jagoff Jagoff or jag-off is an American English derogatory slang term from Pittsburghese meaning a person who is stupid or inept. It is most prominent in the Greater Pittsburgh area. The \"Dictionary of American Regional English\" defines the term as a \"general term of disparagement\". It is an archetypical Pittsburgh word, conjuring feelings of delight among Pittsburgh expatriates. According to Barbara Johnstone, professor"
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"1994 Belgian Cup Final The 1994 Belgian Cup Final, took place on 22 May 1994 between Anderlecht and Club Brugge. It was the 39th Belgian Cup final and was the second final in which Club Brugge and Anderlecht met each other, with the 1977 Belgian Cup Final won by Club Brugge. Anderlecht won the match this time, with 2-0. After a long battle with Club Brugge, Anderlecht had managed to win the 1993–94 Belgian First Division on the penultimate matchday. Club Brugge was left without a trophy but had a chance for revenge and a consolation price with the cup final only a week after the end of the league. In the league, Club Brugge had not lost against Anderlecht (0-0 and 0-3) and was deemed slight favorite before the match. Due to construction at the King Baudouin Stadium, the game was exceptionally played at the Stade Maurice Dufrasne in Liège. Anderlecht, who were mainly dangerous on counterattacks, managed to score during the first half following a bad pass from Dirk Medved. Bruno Versavel rounded goalkeeper Dany Verlinden to open the scoring. After half time Lorenzo Staelens, who had scored a hattrick against Anderlecht in the league, scored an equalizer which was disallowed after an earlier foul by a teammate. Immediately thereafter Luc Nilis scored the 2-0 on assist from Bruno Versavel. No further goals were scored, allowing Anderlecht to win both league and cup for the third time in their history 1994 Belgian Cup Final The 1994 Belgian Cup Final, took place on 22 May 1994 between Anderlecht and Club Brugge. It was the 39th Belgian Cup final and was the second final in which Club Brugge and Anderlecht met each other, with the 1977 Belgian Cup Final won by Club Brugge. Anderlecht won the match this time, with"
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"Ecstatic Peace! Ecstatic Peace! is a record label based in Easthampton, Massachusetts, founded in 1981 by Sonic Youth member Thurston Moore. The premiere release was a split cassette featuring spoken word performances from Michael Gira of Swans and Lydia Lunch. The label's name is borrowed from a line in Tom Wolfe's 1968 nonfiction novel \"The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\". Artists on Ecstatic Peace! include Hush Arbors, be your own PET, Awesome Color, Black Helicopter, Free Kitten, Notekillers, Magik Markers, Tall Firs, Pagoda, Monotract, and Violent Soho. In February 2006, Moore signed a deal with Universal to distribute the label's albums. Ecstatic Peace! Ecstatic Peace! is a record label based in Easthampton, Massachusetts, founded in 1981 by Sonic Youth member Thurston Moore. The premiere release was a split cassette featuring spoken word performances from Michael Gira of Swans and Lydia Lunch. The label's name is borrowed from a line in Tom Wolfe's 1968 nonfiction novel \"The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\". Artists on Ecstatic Peace! include Hush Arbors, be your own PET, Awesome Color, Black Helicopter, Free Kitten, Notekillers, Magik Markers, Tall Firs, Pagoda, Monotract, and Violent Soho. In February 2006, Moore signed a deal with Universal to distribute the label's albums."
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"Rushnyk Rushnyk, Rushnik (, , ) is a ritual cloth embroidered with symbols and cryptograms of the ancient world. They have been used in sacred Eastern Slavic rituals, religious services and ceremonial events such as weddings and funerals. Each region has its own designs and patterns with hidden meaning, passed down from generation to generation and studied by ethnographers. There are many rushnyk collections in ethnographic museums. In Ukraine, the Rushnyk Museum is located in Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine as part of The Museum of Folk Architecture and Way of Life of Central Naddnipryanshchyna. A Russian rushnyk collection is housed at the Hermitage Museum. The rectangular shape of the fabric indicates a life's journey and the ornamentation captures the cultural ancestral memory of the region. The material used is either linen or hemp. The act of spinning thread and the process of weaving linen embodies spiritual power dating back to the ancient deity Mokosh who is often represented in embroidery. The needle has its own energy, an idea similar to acupuncture, and the color of the thread has sacred meaning. Red represents life and is the main color used. A rushnyk is given to a baby at birth, it follows the person throughout life and used in the funeral service after death. A Rushnyk has many uses. The very basic rushnik is colloquially called the \"utyralnyk\" or wiper and serves as a towel. The utyralnyk either has no designs on it or it has very narrow strip on the edges. In contrast, a \"nabozhnyk\" is a highly decorated Rushnyk composing of embroidery and of lace. \"Nabozhnyks\", also called \"nabraznyks\" or \"nakutnyks\" are used to decorate icons and icon corners in homes. Colour plays a very important symbolic role in traditional Slavic embroidery. Red is the colour of life, the sun, fertility and health. The majority of rushnyks are embroidered with red threads. The very word \"red\" means \"beautiful\" and \"splendid\" in Old Russian and Ruthenian: a red girl, a red sun or a red spring. The phrase \"Krasnaya devitsa\" in Old Russian language for example is an old idiomatic expression which means beautiful girl, the word \"Krasnaya\" translates in Russian language also into red. The diamond-shaped design of the rushnyk is an ancient agricultural symbol, which means a sown field, or the sun, and expresses the idea of fertility and protection against evil. Ducks, in the centre of the rushnyk, symbolize the element of life-giving water. In wedding folklore a duck and a drake symbolize a bride and a groom, in other words a pair of ducks is a symbol of family life. During a wedding ceremony, the bride and groom are standing on a Rushnyk called a \"pidnozhnyk,\" which translates as step-on towel. What happens to the pidnozhnyk is that the bride will drag the towel behind her, and her bridesmaids follow behind her. Tradition has it that when the bridesmaids follow behind the pidnozhnyk, they are following the path of the bride and hopefully be married. The words are created with the common suffix \"-nyk\" (\"-nik\") that indicates a general association of the new word with the base one. Rushnyk Rushnyk, Rushnik (, , ) is a ritual cloth embroidered with symbols and cryptograms of the ancient world. They have been used in sacred Eastern Slavic rituals, religious services and ceremonial events such as weddings and funerals. Each region has its own designs and patterns with hidden meaning, passed down from generation to generation and studied by ethnographers. There are many rushnyk collections in ethnographic museums. In Ukraine, the Rushnyk Museum is located in Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine as part of The"
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"Memorial (Moonspell album) Memorial is the seventh studio album by Portuguese gothic metal band, Moonspell, released on April 24, 2006 by SPV. The album is available in two versions: a standard edition and a limited 'digipack' edition with the \"Atlantic\" bonus track. On January 16, 2007, \"Memorial\" was certified gold by the Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa for selling over 10,000 copies in Portugal. This is the first time a Portuguese heavy metal group has received this award. Each of the limited versions and the standard edition end with a different song, but on every version the final track ends with a 6-minute wolves-howling outro (\"The Sleep of the Sea\"), hence there are actually two official versions of \"Best Forgotten\". DVD (Special Edition) Live at CC Estudio 2 Live at Vilar de Mouros Videos Memorial (Moonspell album) Memorial is the seventh studio album by Portuguese gothic metal band, Moonspell, released on April 24, 2006 by SPV. The album is available in two versions: a standard edition and a limited 'digipack' edition with the \"Atlantic\" bonus track. On January 16, 2007, \"Memorial\" was certified gold by the Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa for selling over 10,000 copies in Portugal. This is the first time a"
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"Gary Dell'Abate (Babba Booey) of The Howard Stern Show is commonly teased for eating black and white cookies on the air by Sal Governale. \n The exact origin of the black-and-white cookie is unknown, but it is a variation of its predecessor, the half-moon, which was a traditional cookie created by the Kuchenläden (cake shops) in the Bavarian region of Germany. The half-moon, common in Upstate New York and New England, is believed to be first created in the United States in the early 1920s by Hemstrought's Bakery in Utica, New York, inspired by the traditional German cookie. Post World War II, GI's brought them over to Germany, where they were referred to as Amerikaners. There, they tended to be sold with an all-vanilla glaze. It is sometimes confused with the black-and-white cookie but is made with a different recipe. Nonetheless, while the two names are often used interchangeably, there are considerable differences between the two; most notably in the textures of the base and the icing, with black-and-whites having a drier, cookie-like base and fondant frosting. Black-and-white cookies are also generally bigger than most half-moons. \n Black-and-white cookie \n--- \nAlternative names | Half-and-half cookie \nType | Biscuit \nCourse | Dessert \nPlace of origin | Germany \nRegion or state | Bavaria \nMain ingredients | Shortbread, fondant \nCookbook:Black-and-white cookie Media:Black-and-white cookie \n A black-and-white cookie, or half-and-half cookie, is a soft, sponge-cake-like shortbread which is iced on one half with vanilla fondant and on the other half by chocolate fondant created in the Bavarian region of Germany. \n Cookies of this style are collectively known as \"black-and-white cookies\" or \"half-and-halves\". In Germany they are called \"Amerikaner\" (Americans). On October 19, 2008, Barack Obama dubbed them Unity Cookies at a deli in Hollywood, Florida. \n | It has been suggested that this section be split out into another article. (Discuss) (October 2017) \n---|---\n The typical New York City and Long Island black-and-whites have a vanilla cake base with fudge and white frosting. \n Half-moons most often come with a chocolate cake base, dark fudge icing on one side and buttercream white frosting for the \"half-moon\" side. Hemstrought's Bakery also made a vanilla cake base with fudge and buttercream white frosting, as well as full \"vanilla moons\", \"coconut moons,\" and custom colors with either a chocolate or vanilla cake base. Hemstrought's Bakeries still bakes half-moons for their customers and local supermarkets. \n Black-and-white cookies are mentioned twice on Seinfeld, set in New York City. In the episode \"The Dinner Party\", Jerry eats a black-and-white cookie while waiting in a bakery with Elaine. He uses the cookie as a metaphor for racial harmony and that people should \"Look to the cookie!\" In the episode \"The Understudy\", the hospitalized Bette Midler asks Kramer for one after she is injured at the softball game, telling him, \"If I don't get a black-and-white cookie, I'm not going to be very pleasant to be around!\" \n Although bearing a superficial resemblance to black-and-white cookies, half-moon cookies, popular in Central New York, are made to a significantly different recipe. The traditional half-moon cookie is a devil's food cake cookie with buttercream frosting, resulting in a cookie that is richer and moister than the black and white cookie. Half-moon cookies are now also available with a vanilla cookie base. \n Notably, this style of cookie is often seen as a particularly \"New York\" snack coming out of \"Kleindeutschland,\" i.e., Little Germany, a German immigrant neighborhood situated in the Lower East Side of Manhattan."
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"James Lyons (lawyer) James M. Lyons (born January 6, 1947) is an attorney at law in Denver, Colorado. He is a commercial trial lawyer with extensive public service. James Lyons was born in Joliet, Illinois on January 6, 1947 to Judge Michael Lyons and Helen Glass Lyons. He is the oldest of six children. He attended parochial elementary school and Joliet Catholic High School, graduating in 1964. He earned a bachelor's degree in Political Science from the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts in 1968. He earned a law degree in 1971 from DePaul University College of Law in Chicago, where he served as Associate Editor of the DePaul Law Review. Lyons joined the Denver law firm of Rothgerber Appel & Powers, now Lewis Roca Rothgerber LLP, in September 1971. His initial practice involved financial institutions and civil litigation. He became a partner of the firm in 1974 and his name was added to the firm in 1999. His practice includes complex litigation, mediation and arbitration, and international business transactions. Recent clients include The Anschutz Corporation, the City and County of Denver, Colorado State University, and the Board of Directors of Qwest Communications International, Inc. Lyons is admitted to state courts in Illinois and Colorado, and to various federal courts, including the Supreme Court of the United States. He served as President of the Faculty of Federal Advocates (FFA) of the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. He also served as Chairman of the United States Magistrate Judge Merit Selection Panel for the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. Lyons is a Fellow in the American College of Trial Lawyers. Membership is by invitation and limited to fewer than one percent of active trial lawyers in the United States. He has served as ACTL Colorado State Chairman. He is a Fellow of the International Academy of Trial Lawyers. (Membership is by invitation only and is limited to 500 lawyers in the world.) He is also a member of the American Board of Trial Advocates (ABOTA). He has been listed in Best Lawyers in America since its inception (Commercial Litigation and Bet-the-Company Litigation). Lyons has been listed in the first band of commercial litigators in every edition of Chambers USA. Lyons is listed in Colorado Super Lawyers. For an unprecedented four years (2006, 2007,2008 and 2012 ) he has been voted by his peers the number one Super Lawyer in Colorado. He is the subject of a feature article in the April 2007 Colorado Super Lawyer entitled \"The Gold Standard–How Jim Lyons Helped Bring Peace to Northern Ireland\". He is a former adjunct faculty member at the University of Denver College of Law and Graduate School of International Studies. He has served on the Board of Trustees of the University of Northern Colorado and Regis University. He is a frequent panelist and lecturer to legal audiences on trial subjects, ethics and conflict resolution. Lyons served as general counsel for the Clinton Transition Foundation and as counsel in the Office of the President-Elect from November 1992 until February 1993. In 1993, Lyons accepted a Presidential appointment to serve as U.S. Observer to the International Fund for Ireland. The International Fund for Ireland is a multi-nation foundation supported by the United States, the European Union, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. According to an independent assessment by the audit and accounting firm KPMG, the IFI is responsible for the creation of over 31,000 full-time permanent jobs in Northern Ireland and the border counties of the Republic of Ireland, and has been credited with supporting over 3,600 exceeding $1.5 billion of inward investment. In 1997, Lyons was appointed by the President to replace Senator George J. Mitchell as Special Advisor to the President and U.S. Secretary of State for Economic Initiatives in Northern Ireland and the border counties of the Republic. In this capacity, Lyons coordinated programs of the U.S. State Department, United States Department of Commerce, United States Department of Education, United States Department of Agriculture, United States Department of Labor, and the Small Business Administration in support of the peace process in Northern Ireland. He was responsible for the establishment of Aspire, a micro loan fund in Belfast and the first of its kind in Western Europe. Lyons served as U.S. Observer and Special Advisor until January 2001. In commenting on his service, President Bill Clinton stated: \"Jim was very important to the peace process in Northern Ireland because of his tireless efforts to keep Americans involved in promoting economic development in a way that benefited both countries, promoted reconciliation and effectively demonstrated the depth of our commitment to peace.\" In 2002, the University of Ulster awarded Lyons an honorary Doctorate of Laws in recognition \"of his service to the people of Northern Ireland and the cause of peace.\" In 2006, Lyons served as executive director of the transition of Colorado Governor-elect Bill Ritter. In 2007, Governor Ritter appointed Lyons co-chair of the Jobs Cabinet, which developed strategies to develop a prepared work force for existing and new businesses and industries in Colorado. In 2010, he co-chaired the Higher Education Strategy Plan (HESP) which examined Colorado's higher education institutions with regard to revenues, mission and governance, access and affordability and K-12 pipeline issues. The report, \"The Degree Dividend\" was issued in November, 2010. In February 1992, Lyons was engaged by the Clintons to investigate their involvement in the real estate investment later known as Whitewater. Within a month, Lyons issued a report which concluded that the Clintons had not been involved in the management of the Whitewater real estate venture or the failure or Madison Guaranty Savings & Loan. He also concluded that the Clintons had invested and lost substantial funds in connection with the Whitewater venture. Two subsequent investigations resulted in reports, including the Final Report of the Independent Counsel. These two reports confirmed the conclusions of the so-called Lyons report. The Final Report of the Independent Counsel stated \"all three investigative entities [i.e., Lyons, Pillsbury Madison & Sutro, and Independent Counsel] reached substantially the same conclusions\" regarding the Clintons' financial contributions and involvement in Whitewater. On September 22, 1999, President Clinton nominated Lyons to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit that had opened up when Tenth Circuit Judge John Porfilio assumed senior status. Although Lyons was given the highest rating (\"well qualified\") by the nonpartisan American Bar Association and supported by Colorado's senior senator at the time, Republican Ben Nighthorse Campbell, Colorado's other senator, Wayne Allard, used his home-state senator prerogative to block Lyons' nomination because of his ties to President Clinton. At Lyons request, the White House withdrew his nomination in December, 1999. The seat remained vacant until after the election of George W Bush who nominated Timothy Tymkovich in 2003. He was confirmed later that year. James Lyons (lawyer) James M. Lyons (born January 6, 1947) is an attorney at law in Denver, Colorado. He is a commercial trial lawyer with extensive public service. James Lyons was born in Joliet, Illinois on January 6, 1947 to Judge Michael Lyons and Helen Glass Lyons. He is the oldest of six children. He attended parochial elementary"
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"Mario Talavera Mario Talavera Andrade (December 13, 1885 – March 27, 1960) was a Mexican musician, tenor, songwriter and conductor. Born and raised in Xalapa, Mario Talavera was the son of Francisco and Sebastiana (née Andrade) Talavera. The young Mario grew up with an intense love for music, especially opera and art songs. He also showed an early interest for composition, writing his first piece of music at the age of nine. As a teenager, he moved with his parents to Córdoba, Veracruz, where he completed his basic education. Talavera then moved to Mexico City and joined the opera company, where he honed his vocal skills and achieved his dream of singing before large audiences opera works as Giacomo Puccini's \"La bohème\", that gave him the musical direction he had long coveted, although his main contribution was as a popular music songwriter rather than as an opera singer. During the decade of the 1920s, Talavera was part of several ensembles of traditional Mexican music, toured with the \"Orquesta Típica Presidencial\", and organized and led various groups. Some of his most popular tunes include \"Amar en silencio\", \"Arrullo\", \"Bendita seas\", \"China\", \"El Nopal\", \"Flor de Mayo\", \"Jesusita la Vaquera\" and \"Muchachita mía\". His most significant work at international level was \"Gratia Plena\", with lyrics by the poet Amado Nervo, which was recorded in 1926 by the famous tenor José Mojica. In 1945 Talavera became a founding member of the SACM (\"Sociedad de Autores y Compositores de México\", for its acronym in Spanish) along with Alberto Domínguez, Alfonso Esparza Oteo, Manuel Esperón, Ignacio Fernández Esperón, Agustín Lara and Consuelo Velázquez, among others. Talavera died in 1960 in Mexico City from advanced arteriosclerosis at the age of 74. Mario Talavera Mario Talavera Andrade (December 13, 1885 – March 27, 1960) was a Mexican"
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"Spike (journalism) In journalistic parlance, spiking refers to withholding a story from publication for reasons pertaining to its veracity (whether or not it conforms to the facts). Spiking is relatively rare and usually happens late in the editing process (after the assigning editor has signed off on it). It is only required when a simple edit or questioning the reporter or assigning editor cannot fix the problem. Reasons for spiking include a clear bias (someone on an opposing side of an issue did not respond, despite the fact that said response is central to the story), a major hole (many, if not most, readers will have a question after reading the story), a sudden change in events (three more people have died, but getting details from officials is impossible on deadline), or suspicions of plagiarism or other ethical violations on the part of the author. In some cases, a story may be spiked if it is deemed to conflict with the commercial interests of the newspaper's publisher: if, for example, it concerns a company with which the publisher has a close relationship. This is more likely at a local level, where small newspapers are dependent on advertising revenue from businesses such as estate agents and recruitment agencies. Stories are spiked for other reasons, but the decision is not taken lightly, as a valid, usually detailed explanation will be solicited by those further up the chain of command, often at the behest of the reporter. Spike (journalism) In journalistic parlance, spiking refers to withholding a story from publication for reasons pertaining to its veracity (whether or not it conforms to the facts). Spiking is relatively rare and usually happens late in the editing process (after the assigning editor has signed off on it). It is only required when a simple edit"
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"Huron South Huron South was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935. It was created by the British North America Act of 1867 which divided the County of Huron into two ridings: Huron North and Huron South. In 1872, the County of Huron was divided into three ridings, and Huron Centre was created. The South Riding was defined to consist of the Townships of Goderich, Stanley, Hay, Stephen, Usborne and the Village of Clinton. In 1882, the South Riding was redefined to consist of the townships of McKillop, Hullett, Tuckersmith, Stanley and Hay, the town of Seaforth and the village of Bayfield. In 1903, the county of Huron was divided into three ridings: Huron East, Huron West and Huron South. Huron South was redefined to exclude the township of Hullett, and include the townships of Stephen and Usborne, and the villages of Exeter and Hensall. In 1914, the county of Huron was divided into two ridings: Huron North and Huron South. Huron South was expanded to include the townships of Hullet and Goderich, and the town of Clinton. In 1924, Huron South was redefined to consist of the part of the county of Huron lying south of and excluding the town of Goderich, and north of and including townships of Goderich, Hullett, and McKillop. The electoral district was abolished in 1933 when it was redistributed between Huron North and Huron—Perth ridings. On the election being declared void, 22 February 1874: On Mr. McMillan's resignation, Dec. 1883: On Mr. Gunn's death, 9 December 1907: On Mr. McMillan's death, 7 June 1932: Huron South Huron South was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935."
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"Loyal Irish Union The Loyal Irish Union was a unionist group formed in 1885 in Ireland. The organisation was founded by Thomas Bateson, Lord Londonderry, the Marquis of Hamilton, Robert O'Neill (Chichester) and other prominent Conservative unionists from Belfast. It represented the wing of the Conservative Party which prioritised opposition to the Liberal Party over calls for bi-partisan opposition to Irish independence. It campaigned alongside the local Irish Conservative Party associations in the 1885 general election, and the unionist candidates proved very successful against an overconfident Liberal Party. Some supporters of the association envisioned it becoming a popular membership organisation, but only one branch was founded. The Loyal Irish Union was dissolved in January 1886, following the establishment and success of the bi-partisan Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union. Loyal Irish Union The Loyal Irish Union was a unionist group formed in 1885 in Ireland. The organisation was founded by Thomas Bateson, Lord Londonderry, the Marquis of Hamilton, Robert O'Neill (Chichester) and other prominent Conservative unionists from Belfast. It represented the wing of the Conservative Party which prioritised opposition to the Liberal Party over calls for bi-partisan opposition to Irish independence. It campaigned alongside the local Irish Conservative Party associations in"
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"Rocket Propulsion Establishment The Rocket Propulsion Establishment at Westcott, Buckinghamshire on the site of the former RAF Westcott has made a number of notable contributions in the field of rocket propulsion, including input on the rocket design for the Blue Streak missile and the propulsion systems on Chevaline. It was also known as the Guided Projectiles Establishment and PERME Westcott (Propellants, Explosives and Rocket Motor Establishment, Westcott). For many years this establishment was regarded as so secret that it was not marked on Ordnance Survey maps, although it was present, from necessity, on maps for the use of pilots. The establishment was set up in April 1946 under the Ministry of Supply. In the initial years a team of German scientists worked at the site, and examples of German weapons were on-site for study. These included the V-1 flying bomb; V-2; Feuerlilie F-55 subsonic missile; Messerschmitt Me 163B rocket-propelled interceptor; Rheintochter-1 anti-aircraft missile; Ruhrstahl X-4 air-to-air wire-controlled missile; Enzian E-1 3,150-lb missile; Henschel Hs 298 anti-aircraft missile; Hs 293 anti-shipping weapon; and Schmetterling and Wasserfall anti-aircraft missiles. Until the mid 1990s, Westcott undertook the design and development of rocket motors, and was responsible for most of the rocket motors used in British guided missiles and research vehicles. The design of these complete missile systems was undertaken by the Royal Aircraft Establishment at its facilities in Farnborough and Bedford. In 1984 the Rocket Propulsion Establishment came under the control of the Royal Ordnance Factories, and in 1987 control passed to the private sector when British Aerospace took over Royal Ordnance. Example British rocket and missile programmes with RPE involvement follow, many of which were eventually abandoned: Much of the site is now Westcott Venture Park, a business park for light industry. Businesses include a division of American company Moog, which continues design and manufacture of the LEROS rocket engines, developed by Royal Ordnance; Airborne Engineering Ltd whose capabilities include rocket system design and testing; and Reaction Engines Ltd who began construction on a rocket test facility to develop their SABRE rocket engine concept in 2017. In 2016, the UK Government announced plans to develop a National Propulsion Test Facility at the site. In 2013, English Heritage designated the surviving test-stands and control rooms as Grade II* or Grade II listed buildings. Rocket Propulsion Establishment The Rocket Propulsion Establishment at Westcott, Buckinghamshire on the site of the former RAF Westcott has made"
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"SPIE SPIE (formerly the Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers, later the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers) is an international not-for-profit professional society for optics and photonics technology, founded in 1955. It organizes technical conferences, trade exhibitions, and continuing education programs for researchers and developers in the light-based fields of physics, including: optics, photonics, and imaging engineering. SPIE is most known for Photonics West, held in San Francisco. The society publishes peer-reviewed scientific journals, conference proceedings, monographs, tutorial texts, field guides, and reference volumes in print and online. In 2017, the society provided more than $4 million in support of optics education and outreach programs around the world. On July 1, 1955 SPIE was founded as the Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers in California to specialize in the application of photographic instrumentation. In 1964 the society changed its name to the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. In 1977 SPIE moved its headquarters to Bellingham, Washington, and in 1981 the Society began doing business as (DBA) SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering to reflect a changing membership. In 2007, the society ended its DBA and is now referred to simply as \"SPIE.\" SPIE Conferences and Exhibitions connect optical science and the optics industry. The society is affiliated with over 140 meetings and events each year. The society's first publication, \"SPIE Newsletter\", was launched in 1957. In 1959, the society published its first book, \"SPIE Photographic Instrumentation Catalog\". The newsletter morphed into the society’s first journal, now known as \"Optical Engineering\", SPIE’s flagship monthly journal. Throughout the years, SPIE has created many publications including journals, magazines, newspapers, websites, and books. SPIE publishes: All SPIE journals are peer-reviewed. SPIE Press, the only independent, not-for-profit book publisher specializing in optics and photonics technologies, produces print monographs, handbooks, tutorial texts, and field guides, as well as electronic books and apps for mobile devices. Its origins date back to 1989 with the publication of \"The New Physical Optics Notebook\". The SPIE Digital Library publishes online technical papers from SPIE Journals and Conference Proceedings from 1962 to the present, as well as eBooks published by SPIE Press. There are more than 450,000 articles, with more than 18,000 new research papers added annually. SPIE Professional is a quarterly magazine that covers optics industry insights, technology overviews, career trends, and provides informational articles for optics and photonics professionals. The SPIE Newsroom includes industry news and technical articles. SPIE started a new open access program in January 2013 to promote knowledge transfer, education, and awareness of technology and industry developments in optics and photonics. All new articles published in SPIE journals for which authors pay voluntary page charges are freely accessible to anyone. The society issues several awards: SPIE SPIE (formerly the Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers, later the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers) is an international not-for-profit professional society for optics and photonics technology, founded in 1955. It organizes technical conferences, trade exhibitions, and continuing education programs for researchers and developers in the light-based fields of physics, including: optics, photonics,"
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"K. Balasingam Kathiravetpillai Balasingam (; 23 June 1876 – 4 September 1952) was a Ceylon Tamil lawyer and member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon and Executive Council of Ceylon. Balasingam was born on 23 June 1876 in Udupiddy in northern Ceylon. He was the son of Kathiravetpillai. Balasingam was educated at Jaffna College and Royal College, Colombo. Balasingam had a son (Cumaraswamy) and a daughter. Balasingam joined the legal profession after finishing his education. He practised law in Colombo and became a District Judge. After retirement Balasingam was appointed to the Legislative Council of Ceylon in 1914 as the second Tamil member. He was appointed to the Executive Council of Ceylon in 1924. He played a key role in the establishment of the College of Ayurvedic Medicine, Hospital of Indigenous Medicine, State Mortgage Bank, Judicial Services Commission and the Public Trustee's Department. He was also one of the earliest proponents of diverting the waters of the Mahaweli River to assist farming. Balasingam died on 4 September 1952. A 60 cents commemorative stamp honouring Balasingam was issued on 22 May 1984. K. Balasingam Kathiravetpillai Balasingam (; 23 June 1876 – 4 September 1952) was a Ceylon Tamil lawyer and member"
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"2018 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations During the 2018 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations at the 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony, beginning at 20:00 KST () on 9 February 2018, athletes bearing the flags of their respective nations led their national delegations as they paraded into the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium in the host city of Pyeongchang, South Korea. 92 teams qualified to compete (91 nations and Olympic Athletes from Russia). Athletes entered the stadium in an order dictated by Olympic tradition. As the originator of the Olympics, the Greek team entered first. Other teams entered in alphabetical order based on the names of countries in the Korean language. Following tradition, the delegation from the host nation, South Korea, was scheduled to enter last. However, following solidarity negotiations with North Korea, the host nation was instead represented by the unified Korean delegation, consisting of the South Korean and North Korean teams, marching under the Korean Unification Flag. The names of the nations were announced in French, followed by English and Korean, the official languages of the Olympic movement and the host nation, in accordance with traditional and International Olympic Committee (IOC) guidelines. Background music included such songs as K-pop hits as \"Gangnam Style\" by Psy, \"Likey\" by Twice, \"Fantastic Baby\" by Big Bang, \"DNA\" by BTS, and \"Red Flavor\" by Red Velvet. Below is a list of parading countries and their announced flag bearer, in the same order as the parade. This is sortable by country name, flag bearer's name and flag bearer's sport. Names are given in the form officially designated by the IOC. 2018 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations During the 2018 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations at the 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony, beginning at 20:00 KST () on 9 February 2018, athletes bearing the flags of their"
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"As Miss Mona is departing the whorehouse for the last time, Earl stops her and proposes to her. She turns him down, knowing that his dream is to run for state legislature, and that having a wife who worked in prostitution would hurt his chances. He again insists that he wants to marry her and that he does not care about what people will think or say. Deputy Fred, in a voiceover, states that Earl and Miss Mona married and that Earl successfully ran for the legislature. Deputy Fred states that he succeeded Earl as Sheriff. \n Lovers on the side, occasionally interrupted by Deputy Fred, the sheriff and madam have a pleasant arrangement. Not everyone in town approves of her, but Miss Mona is a public-minded citizen who regularly donates to charity, decent and law-abiding in every respect but her line of work. \n The house used in the film is located at Universal Studios in Hollywood and can be viewed as part of the backlot tram tour. (It was also seen in the Ghost Whisperer television series episode \"The Lost Boys.\") The inspiration for the set came from a real ranch house located outside Austin, Texas, which is featured in scenes from the movie. \n The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas \n--- \nTheatrical release poster \nDirected by | Colin Higgins \nProduced by | \n\n * Robert L. Boyett \n * Colin Higgins \n\n \nWritten by | \n\n * Colin Higgins \n * Larry L. King \n * Peter Masterson \n\n \nBased on | The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas by Larry L. King Peter Masterson \nStarring | \n\n * Burt Reynolds \n * Dolly Parton \n * Dom DeLuise \n * Charles Durning \n * Jim Nabors \n\n \nMusic by | \n\n * Carol Hall \n * Dolly Parton \n\n \nCinematography | William A. Fraker \nEdited by | \n\n * David Bretherton \n * Pembroke J. Herring \n\n \nProduction companies | \n\n * Miller-Milkis-Boyett Productions \n * RKO Pictures \n\n \nDistributed by | Universal Pictures \nRelease date | \n\n * July 23, 1982 (1982-07-23) \n * * * * \n \nRunning time | 114 minutes \nCountry | United States \nLanguage | English \nBudget | $20.5 million \nBox office | $69.7 million \n Much of Carol Hall's original Broadway score was performed in the movie version. Omitted were Good Old Girl, The Bus From Amarillo, \"24 Hours of Lovin\", \"No Lies\" and Doatsie Mae. Two additional Parton compositions appear in the film:\"Sneakin' Around\", performed as a duet with Parton and Reynolds, and a two-stanza version of Parton's 1973 composition \"I Will Always Love You\". The film version of \"I Will Always Love You\"–the original recording having been a U.S. country chart topper for Parton in the spring of 1974–was released as a single in July 1982, and again reached number one on the U.S. country singles chart. (It also was a mid-level hit on Billboard pop and adult contemporary charts.) An altered version of Hall's \"Hard Candy Christmas\", in which Parton sings both the chorus and the verses of the song (as opposed to the film version, which is partially sung by some of the other female cast members), was also released as a single, reaching the top-ten on the country singles chart in late 1982. \n The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas is a 1982 American musical comedy film co-written, produced and directed by Colin Higgins (in his final film as director). It is an adaptation of the 1978 Broadway musical of the same name, and stars Dolly Parton, Burt Reynolds, Jim Nabors, Charles Durning, Dom DeLuise, Noah Beery Jr., Robert Mandan, Lois Nettleton, Theresa Merritt, Barry Corbin, Mary Jo Catlett and Mary Louise Wilson. \n Parton and Reynolds were rumored to have had a relationship during filming, but in reality they did not get along. Parton described her experience making the movie as' a nightmare. ' For his part, Reynolds described Parton as' very self deprecating-in public. ' \n The book of the play was restructured to make it a vehicle for Parton and Reynolds. Higgins prepared for directing it by watching old George Cukor films and Dr. Pepper commercials (\"They have a lot of wonderful movement,\" said Higgins.) \n * Charles Durning as The Governor \n The house was also featured in Rob Zombie's 2003 horror film House of 1000 Corpses. \n The film received mixed reviews from critics. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 56% rating based on 9 reviews. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film two out of four stars, stating, \"If they ever give Dolly her freedom and stop packaging her so antiseptically, she could be terrific. But Dolly and Burt and Whorehouse never get beyond the concept stage in this movie.\" \n Parton wrote several new songs which were filmed but ultimately not used, including \"A Gamble Either Way\" and \"Where Stallions Run\". The latter was restored for the ABC network television broadcast of the film, as the film was too short for its time slot after the censors finished their broadcast edits and additional material was needed. \"A Gamble Either Way\" replaced \"Girl You're a Woman\" from the Broadway score and was sung by Parton after Miss Mona interviewed \"Shy\" (Andrea Pike) for a job at the Chicken Ranch. The characters of Shy and Angel from the Broadway show were reduced in the film. Their footage was eventually edited out. \"Down At The Chicken Ranch\" was written for the trailer. Parton recorded two of the deleted songs, \"A Gamble Either Way\", and \"A Cowboy's Ways\" (a reworking of \"Where Stallions Run\"), and included them on her 1983 album Burlap & Satin. \n A big-city television personality, do-gooder Melvin P. Thorpe, is about to do a segment about the town, so the sheriff travels there to introduce himself to Thorpe, who greets him warmly. He is shocked by Thorpe's live telecast, in which Thorpe reveals to a huge audience his discovery that \"Texas has a whorehouse in it.\" \n The plot is basically the same as that of the stage production, with one significant difference. In the original, Ed Earl and Miss Mona had a one-night stand 15 years earlier, but in the film they maintain an ongoing affair. \n The film presented some difficulties for Universal, particularly with advertising. In 1982, the word \"whorehouse\" was considered obscene in parts of the United States, resulting in the film being renamed The Best Little Cathouse in Texas in some print ads, while television ads were either banned outright in some areas, or the offending word was censored; on WXYZ-TV in Detroit, the announcer on the station's \"Now Showing\" segment merely clicked his tongue to eliminate the offending word:\"The Best Little (click, click) in Texas!\" During interviews, Parton sometimes referred to the film as The Best Little Chicken House in Texas. \n * Burt Reynolds as Sheriff Ed Earl Dodd \n * Dolly Parton as Mona Stangley \n * Dom DeLuise as Melvin P. Thorpe \n * Charles Durning as The Governor \n * Theresa Merritt as Jewel \n * Jim Nabors as Deputy Fred \n * Lois Nettleton as Dulcie Mae \n * Noah Beery, Jr as Edsel \n * Robert Mandan as Senator Charles Wingwood \n * Barry Corbin as C.J. \n * Mary Jo Catlett as Rita Crowell \n * Mary Louise Wilson as Miss Modene \n * Howard K. Smith as himself \n * Donald F. Colson as Jeff Gerald \n * Helen Kleeb as Dora \n * Mickey Jones as Henry \n * Bobby Fite as Dulcie Mae's son \n * Paula Shaw as Wulla Jean \n * Kenneth White as Sheriff Jack Roy \n * Ted Gehring as Sheriff Chapman \n * Verne Lundquist as Football Announcer \n * Lee Grosscup as Football Color Man \n * Alice Drummond as Governor's secretary \n * Terri Treas as Chicken Ranch Girl:Taddy-Jo \n * Randy Bennett as Privates Boy \n * Andrea Pike as Chicken Ranch Girl:Shy (Speaking scenes cut) \n * Valerie Leigh Bixler as Chicken Ranch Girl:Angel (Speaking scenes cut)",
"The Governor of Texas, who can not make a decision on a single issue until he first sees what voters say in the polls, listens to Earl's appeals to keep the Chicken Ranch open, but when the polls say no he orders Ed Earl to close down the Chicken Ranch. The working girls leave the Chicken Ranch for good. Miss Mona is disconsolate, at least until finding out the effort made by the sheriff on her behalf. \n The film and the original Broadway musical it was based on were spoofed in the 1982 pornographic film Memphis Cathouse Blues, which starred Annette Haven in the Dolly Parton role of the madam and Mike Horner in the Burt Reynolds role as the sheriff. Porn star Kay Parker, who played one of the prostitutes in the film, had an uncredited bit role in The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas. \n The Chicken Ranch is an institution, where the winning team from the football game between Texas Longhorns and the Texas A&M; Aggies traditionally is brought to \"celebrate\" its victory. The negative publicity puts a spotlight on the place, so Ed Earl gets Miss Mona's word that she will shut the doors until the attention goes away. She shuts it down to regular customers, but elects to let the football players have their party, at which point Thorpe and his TV cameras sneak onto the property and ambush them all. \n The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas opened in 1,400 theaters on July 23, 1982 and earned $11,874,268 in its opening weekend, ranking number one in the United States box office, dethroning E.T. The Extra Terrestrial's six-week run at the top of the box office. The film closed on October 21, having grossed $69,701,637 domestically. \n Originally, Larry King and Pete Masterton were going to write the script and Masterton and Tommy Tune, who had directed the stage production, were to direct the film together. King recommended Shirley Maclaine, Dyan Cannon, Cari Glynn and Jill Clayburgh as the possibles to star but was told they were not a sufficient box office draw. When Dolly Parton was cast King suggested Willie Nelson as a co star and Universal executives met with him but in the end Burt Reynolds was cast. Reynolds was paid $3.5 million and Parton $1.5 million. Reynolds wanted script changes and wanted to sing. Universal became nervous about giving the film to first time directors and ended up replacing Masterton and Tune with Colin Higgins. \n The house is also featured as the residence of Sabrina and her two aunts on the' 90s sitcom Sabrina the Teenage Witch. \n Ed Earl Dodd, the sheriff of Gilbert, Texas, has a relationship of long standing with Miss Mona Stangley, who runs a brothel called the \"Chicken Ranch\" outside of town. Illegal or not, Earl does not interfere with her business, which has been a fixture in the town for as long as either can remember. \n The relationship in the film brings about not only the accusatory scene, when the sheriff–disappointed that Mona has broken her promise to close the Chicken Ranch down long enough for things to cool off–calls her a whore, but also the happy ending, when he proposes marriage to Mona, even though that might endanger his chances to be elected as a state legislator; the epilogue comments state that he is elected anyway. \n The film was mentioned in an episode of The Venture Bros., where Dr. Venture mistaken it for a phonographic film, given it's \"racey\" history. \n Earl compounds the problem by insulting and threatening Thorpe in the town public square, all also caught on TV. A quarrel and bitter breakup between the sheriff and Miss Mona ensues, punctuated by him calling her \"a whore.\" \n Durning was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the Texas governor. Golden Globe nominations went to the film for Best Motion Picture (Comedy or Musical) and Parton for Best Actress in a Motion Picture (Comedy or Musical). It was the fourth highest-grossing live-action musical film of the 1980s."
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"Pauli Nevala Pauli Lauri Nevala (born 30 November 1940) is a Finnish former javelin thrower. His first major international meet was the 1962 European Athletics Championships in Belgrade, where he went out in the qualification round. The next year saw him step up to the very upper echelon of javelin throwers with his new personal best (and national record) of 86.33 meters, thrown in Helsinki on 16 July 1963. This was very close to the world record at the time (86.74 m). In the Olympic year 1964 however, Nevala had major problems even breaking 80 meters and did not enter the Tokyo Olympics as a favorite. He cleared the Olympic qualification quite easily while the world record holder, Terje Pedersen of Norway, was knocked out – the first man not to qualify. In the final Nevala threw confidently from the start, and took the lead with his fourth throw of 82.66 m, his best that year. This was eventually enough for a victory, narrowly ahead of Gergely Kulcsár. After the Olympics Nevala's career stagnated. He finished fourth at the 1966 European Athletics Championships at Budapest. His attempt to defend his Olympic title at the 1968 Summer Olympics was cut short in the qualification as his longest throw was controversially declared flat and he failed to advance to the final. In 1969 Nevala's career had a major resurgence, as he finally broke his six-year-old personal best multiple times, culminating in a 91.40 m throw in his home town of Teuva. At the 1969 European Championships Nevala took the silver medal behind Jānis Lūsis of the Soviet Union. Nevala has later openly attributed this resurgence to anabolic steroids, which were not yet forbidden at the time. In 1970, Nevala was arguably the best javelin thrower in the world winning 50 out of his 55 competitions. He threw over 90 meters in 5 competitions, over 85 meters in 32 competitions and over 80 meters in 52 competitions. His top 10 average of the season was 90.12 m and all-season average 85.86 m. Nevala's personal best of 92.64 m in Helsinki on 6 September 1970 landed only 6 cm short of Jorma Kinnunen’s world record. In addition to the world's best performance of the year, Nevala was ranked number one javelin thrower by Track & Field News. Nevala and Kinnunen intentionally fouled all their qualification throws at the 1970 Finnish Championships as a protest against the Finnish Amateur Athletic Association. The protest eventually led to an improved stipend system. Nevala's career suddenly ended in April 1971 when, in his very first competition of the year at Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, he injured his shoulder so badly he could never throw seriously again. Pauli Nevala Pauli Lauri Nevala (born 30 November 1940) is a Finnish former javelin thrower. His first major international meet was the 1962 European Athletics Championships in Belgrade, where he went out in the qualification round. The next year saw him step up to the very upper echelon of javelin throwers with his"
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"Palau Football Association The Palau Football Association is the governing body for association football in Palau. The association is based in the town of Koror. Palau currently is not a member of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), the Asian Football Federation, nor FIFA. The Association runs the national football team and the Palau Soccer League, as well as the Palau Youth Soccer League. The Palau Football Association (PFA) was incorporated on May 28, 2002 under the laws of the Republic of Palau as a non-profit corporation. It is one of 14 federations of the Palau National Olympic Committee (PNOC). There is a small volunteer board that is primarily responsible to conduct all the activities of the association along with a handful of volunteer parent/coaches. (From the PFA website) After its creation the PFA was listed as an associate member of the OFC. They lost that status apparently though sometime. In 2009 the PFA requested to become a quasi-member of the East Asia Football Federation. As of 2013, no further progress has been made. Palau Football Association The Palau Football Association is the governing body for association football in Palau. The association is based in the town of Koror. Palau currently"
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"The highest-grossing Bollywood films released in 2018, by worldwide box office gross revenue, are as follows. \n * | Denotes films still running in cinemas worldwide \n---|---\n This is a list of Bollywood films that have been released or are to be released in 2018. \n Bollywood Cinema \n--- \n1920s \n1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 \n1930s \n1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 \n1940s \n1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 \n1950s \n1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 \n1960s \n1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 \n1970s \n1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 \n1980s \n1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 \n1990s \n1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 \n2000s \n2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 \n2010s \n2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 \n \n * * * \n\n Opening | Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Production house | Ref. \n---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \nJ U | 13 | Soorma | Shaad Ali | \n\n * Diljit Dosanjh \n * Taapsee Pannu \n * Angad Bedi \n\n| Biopic | Sony Pictures | \nEkta | Suman Reddy | \n\n * Navneet Kaur Dhillon \n * Robin Sohi \n * Avneet Kaur \n * Salil Ankola \n * Pranati Rai Prakash \n * Rushad Rana \n\n| Horror/Thriller | BS Production House | \n20 | When Obama Loved Osama | Sudhish Kumar Sharma | \n\n * Mousam Sharma \n * Swati Bakshi \n * Rahul Avana \n * Mohit Baghel \n * Heena Panchal \n * Hemant Pandey \n * Vikas Giri \n\n| Comedy | Shape Entertainment | \nDhadak | Shashank Khaitan | \n\n * Ishaan Khatter \n * Jhanvi Kapoor \n\n| Drama | Dharma Productions | \n27 | Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster 3 | Tigmanshu Dhulia | \n\n * Sanjay Dutt \n * Jimmy Sheirgill \n * Mahi Gill \n * Chitrangada Singh \n\n| Drama | Wave Cinemas | \nNawabzaade | Jayesh Pradhan | \n\n * Raghav Juyal \n * Punit Pathak \n * Dharmesh Yelande \n * Isha Rikhi \n\n| Romantic Comedy | Remo D'Souza Entertainment | \nU | | Fanney Khan | Atul Manjrekar | \n\n * Anil Kapoor \n * Aishwarya Rai Bachchan \n * Rajkummar Rao \n * Karan Singh Chhabra \n * Divya Dutta \n\n| Musical comedy | T-Series, ROMP, AA Films | \nMulk | Anubhav Sinha | \n\n * Rishi Kapoor \n * Prateik Babbar \n * Rajat Kapoor \n * Taapsee Pannu \n * Ashutosh Rana \n * Manoj Pahwa \n * Neena Gupta \n\n| Drama | Soham Rockstar Entertainment | \nKarwaan | Akarsh Khurana | \n\n * Irrfan Khan \n * Dulquer Salman \n * Mithila Palkar \n * Kriti Kharbanda \n\n| Comedy | RSVP Movies | \n10 | Vishwaroopam II | Kamal Haasan | \n\n * Kamal Haasan \n * Rahul Bose \n * Pooja Kumar \n * Shekhar Kapur \n * Jaideep Ahlawat \n\n| Spy Thriller | Ascar Films PVT. Limited, Raaj Kamal Films International | \n15 | Gold | Reema Kagti | \n\n * Akshay Kumar \n * Kunal Kapoor \n * Mouni Roy \n * Amit Sadh \n\n| Sports/Drama | Excel Entertainment | \nSatyameva Jayate | Milap Zaveri | \n\n * John Abraham \n * Manoj Bajpayee \n * Aisha Sharma \n * Taimoor Nadeem \n\n| Action/Thriller | T Series, Emmay Entertainment | \n24 | Happy Phirr Bhag Jayegi | Mudassar Aziz | \n\n * Sonakshi Sinha \n * Diana Penty \n * Ali Fazal \n * Jimmy Shergill \n * Jassi Gill \n\n| Comedy | Eros International, Colour Yellow Productions | \nGenius | Anil Sharma | \n\n * Utkarsh Sharma \n * Ishita Chauhan \n * Nawazuddin Siddiqui \n * Ayesha Jhulka \n\n| | Soham Rockstar Entertainment | \n31 | Turning Point | Sudhir Durlabh Tandel | \n\n * Sunny Pancholi \n * Apoorva Arora \n * Shahbaaz Khan \n * Shekhar Shukla \n\n| Action/Musical/Drama | Pruthvi Film Industries | \nYamla Pagla Deewana:Phir Se | Navaniat Singh | \n\n * Dharmendra \n * Sunny Deol \n * Bobby Deol \n * Kriti Kharbanda \n * Johnny Lever \n\n| Comedy | Pen India Limited | \nStree | Amar Kaushik | \n\n * Rajkummar Rao \n * Shraddha Kapoor \n * Aparshakti Khurana \n * Pankaj Tripathi \n\n| Horror Comedy | Maddock Films, D2R Films | \nAndhadhun | Sriram Raghavan | \n\n * Tabu \n * Ayushman Khurana \n * Radhika Apte \n\n| Thriller | Matchbox Pictures, Viacom 18 Motion Pictures | \nRajma Chawal | Leena Yadav | \n\n * Rishi Kapoor \n * Anirudh Tanwar \n * Amyra Dastur \n\n| Drama | Saarthi Entertainment | \n| 7 | Drive | Tarun Mansukhani | \n\n * Sushant Singh Rajput \n * Jacqueline Fernandez \n * Vikramjeet Virk \n * Sapna Pabbi \n\n| Action/Drama/Comedy | Dharma Productions | \nPaltan | J.P. Dutta | \n\n * Jackie Shroff \n * Sonu Sood \n * Arjun Rampal \n * Gurmeet Choudhary \n * Siddhanth Kapoor \n * Harshvardhan Rane \n * Luv Sinha \n * Esha Gupta \n * Monica Gill \n * Sonal Chauhan \n * Dipika Kakar \n\n| Action/War | Zee Studios, JP Films | \n \nLaila Majnu | Sajid Ali | \n\n * Mir Sarwar \n * Avinash Tiwari \n * Tripti Dimri \n * Ruchika Kapoor \n\n| Drama/Romance | Pi Films, Balaji Motion Pictures | \nHelicopter Eela | Pradeep Sarkar | \n\n * Kajol \n * Riddhi Sen \n * Neha Dhupia \n * Tota Roy Choudhury \n\n| Drama | Pen India Limited, Ajay Devgn FFilms | \n14 | Arjun Patiala | Rohit Jugraj | \n\n * Diljit Dosanjh \n * Kriti Sanon \n * Varun Sharma \n\n| Comedy | T-Series, Maddock Films | \nManmarziyaan | Anurag Kashyap | \n\n * Abhishek Bachchan \n * Vicky Kaushal \n * Taapsee Pannu \n\n| Romantic/Drama | Eros International, Colour Yellow Productions, Phantom Films | \n21 | 5 Weddings | Namrata Singh Gujral | \n\n * Rajkummar Rao \n * Nargis Fakhri \n * Bo Derek \n * Candy Clark \n * Anneliese van der Pol \n * Suvinder Vicky \n\n| Comedy, Romance, Drama | Uniglobe Entertainment | \nBatti Gul Meter Chalu | Shree Narayan Singh | \n\n * Shahid Kapoor \n * Shraddha Kapoor \n * Yami Gautam \n\n| Romance, Social Drama | T-Series | \n28 | Sui Dhaaga | Sharat Katariya | \n\n * Varun Dhawan \n * Anushka Sharma \n\n| Romance | Yash Raj Films | \nPataakha | Vishal Bhardwaj | \n\n * Sanya Malhotra \n * Sunil Grover \n * Radhika Madan \n\n| Drama | VB Pictures | \n Opening | Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Production house | Ref. \n---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \nJ | 12 | 1921 | Vikram Bhatt | \n\n * Zarine Khan \n * Karan Kundra \n * Tobby Hinston \n * Sonia Armstrong \n\n| Horror | ASA Productions and Enterprises | \nKaalakaandi | Akshat Verma | \n\n * Saif Ali Khan \n * Isha Talwar \n * Shenaz Treasury \n * Akshay Oberoi \n * Vijay Raaz \n * Deepak Dobriyal \n * Sobhita Dhulipala \n * Kunaal Roy Kapur \n * Nary Singh \n\n| Dark comedy | Cinestan Film Company | \nMukkabaaz | Anurag Kashyap | \n\n * Vineet Kumar Singh \n * Zoya Hussain \n * Ravi Kishan \n * Jimmy Sheirgill \n\n| Drama | Eros International, Colour Yellow Productions | \n19 | My Birthday Song | Samir Soni | \n\n * Sanjay Suri \n * Nora Fatehi \n * Pitobash \n\n| Psychological Thriller | Kahwa entertainment | \nVodka Diaries | Kushal Srivastava | \n\n * Kay Kay Menon \n * Mandira Bedi \n * Raima Sen \n * Sharib Hashmi \n\n| Suspense Thriller | K'Scope Entertainment Pvt Ltd & Vishalraj Films & Production Pvt Ltd | \nMedal | Ganesh Mehta | \n\n * Muzahid Khan \n * Indrisha Basu \n\n| Drama | G.K Entertainment | \nNirdosh | Pradeep Rangwani | \n\n * Arbaaz Khan \n * Manjari Fadnis \n * Ashmit Patel \n * Mukul Dev \n * Mahek Chahal \n\n| Thriller | UV Films | \nUnion Leader | Sanjay Patel | \n\n * Rahul Bhat \n * Tillotama Shome \n\n| Drama | Dim Light Pictures | \n25 | Padmaavat | Sanjay Leela Bhansali | \n\n * Deepika Padukone \n * Ranveer Singh \n * Shahid Kapoor \n * Aditi Rao Hydari \n\n| Period drama | Viacom 18 Motion Pictures, Bhansali Productions | \n| | Wo India Ka Shakespeare | Suresh Mandal | \n\n * Raza Murad \n * Raj Aryan \n * Yogita Rajput \n\n| Romantic suspense | Jharkhandi Films Production & Impress Media Infotainment | \nThe Window | V.K. Choudhary |",
"* Muzahid Khan \n * Indrisha Basu \n\n| Drama | G.K Entertainment | \nNirdosh | Pradeep Rangwani | \n\n * Arbaaz Khan \n * Manjari Fadnis \n * Ashmit Patel \n * Mukul Dev \n * Mahek Chahal \n\n| Thriller | UV Films | \nUnion Leader | Sanjay Patel | \n\n * Rahul Bhat \n * Tillotama Shome \n\n| Drama | Dim Light Pictures | \n25 | Padmaavat | Sanjay Leela Bhansali | \n\n * Deepika Padukone \n * Ranveer Singh \n * Shahid Kapoor \n * Aditi Rao Hydari \n\n| Period drama | Viacom 18 Motion Pictures, Bhansali Productions | \n| | Wo India Ka Shakespeare | Suresh Mandal | \n\n * Raza Murad \n * Raj Aryan \n * Yogita Rajput \n\n| Romantic suspense | Jharkhandi Films Production & Impress Media Infotainment | \nThe Window | V.K. Choudhary | \n\n * Amit Kumar Vashishth \n * Priti Sharma \n * Teena Singh \n\n| Thriller, Mystery | Adamant Pictures, Milestone creations, Era Films, Nirvana Motion Pictures, Dhanraj Productions Pvt. ltd | \n9 | Pad Man | R. Balki | \n\n * Akshay Kumar \n * Sonam Kapoor \n * Radhika Apte \n\n| Comedy Drama | Columbia Pictures KriArj Entertainment, Hope Productions, Cape Of Good Films, Mrs Funnybones Movies, SPE Films India | \n \nDownup The Exit 796 \n\n| Jaimin Bal | \n\n * Yatin Karyekar \n * Vinayak Mishra \n * Kirti Swaly \n\n| Thriller | Jaimin Bal Entertainment | \n14 | Love Per Square Foot | Anand Tiwari | \n\n * Vicky Kaushal \n * Angira Dhar \n * Alankrita Sahai \n * Raghubir Yadav \n\n| Romantic Comedy | RSVP Films, Netflix | \n16 | Aiyaary | Neeraj Pandey | \n\n * Sidharth Malhotra \n * Manoj Bajpayee \n * Rakul Preet Singh \n * Pooja Chopra \n * Anupam Kher \n * Naseeruddin Shah \n\n| Drama | Reliance Entertainment | \nKuchh Bheege Alfaaz | Onir | \n\n * Zain Khan Durrani \n * Geetanjali Thapa \n\n| Romance | Yoodlee Films | \nJaane Kyun De Yaaron | Akshay Anand | \n\n * Raghu Raja \n * Abhishek Sharma \n * Kabir Bedi \n * Chetna Pande \n * Heena Panchal \n * Viju Khote \n\n| Drama | NeelRishiFilms, Theatre King | \n \n23 | Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety | Luv Ranjan | \n\n * Kartik Aaryan \n * Nushrat Bharucha \n * Sunny Nijar \n\n| Drama | T-Series, Luv Films | \nWelcome To New York | Chakri Toleti | \n\n * Karan Johar \n * Diljit Dosanjh \n * Lara Dutta \n * Sonakshi Sinha \n * Riteish Deshmukh \n * Boman Irani \n\n| Comedy | Wiz Films | \n| | Pari | Prosit Roy | \n\n * Anushka Sharma \n * Parambrata Chatterjee \n * Rajat Kapoor \n * Ritabhari Chakraborty \n * Mansi Multani \n\n| Thriller | Clean Slate Films, KriArj Entertainment | \nVeerey Ki Wedding | Ashu Trikha | \n\n * Pulkit Samrat \n * Jimmy Sheirgill \n * Kriti Kharbanda \n * Satish Kaushik \n * Yuvika Chaudhary \n * Supriya Karnik \n * Sapna Chaudhary \n\n| Drama | Panorama Studios | \nBillu Ustaad | Suvhhdan Angre | \n\n * Akhilendra Mishra \n * Deepraj Rana \n * Mithila Naik \n * KK Goswami \n * Priyanshu Chaterjee \n\n| Drama | Narayan Films | \n9 | Hate Story 4 | Vishal Pandya | \n\n * Urvashi Rautela \n * Vivan Bhatena \n * Karan Wahi \n * Ihana Dhillon \n * Gulshan Grover \n\n| Erotic thriller | T-Series | \nDil Juunglee | Aleya Sen | \n\n * Saqib Saleem \n * Tapsee Pannu \n * Abhilash Thapleyal \n * Nidhi Singh \n * Srishti Srivastava \n * Ayesha Khaduskar \n\n| Romantic/Comedy | Pooja Entertainment | \n3 Storeys | Arjun Mukherjee | \n\n * Richa Chaddha \n * Pulkit Samrat \n * Sharman Joshi \n * Renuka Shahane \n * Masumeh Makhija \n * Laksh Singh \n * Aisha Ahmed \n * Ankit Rathi \n\n| Thriller | Excel Entertainment | \nNote Pe Chot at 8/11 | Imran Ahmed Khan | \n\n * Ajay Kuundal \n * Ranbir Kallsi \n * Pihu \n * Disha Sachdeva \n * Manoj Bakshi \n * Inderpal Singh \n\n| Satire/Comedy | Kreative Krishna Entertainment, Umra Ji Entertainment | \n16 | Raid | Raj Kumar Gupta | \n\n * Ajay Devgn \n * Ileana D'Cruz \n * Saurabh Shukla \n\n| Action, thriller | T-Series, Panorama Studios | \nRaja Abroadiya | Lakhwinder Shabla | \n\n * Robin Sohi \n * Vaishnavi Patwardhan \n\n| Comedy | Shabla Films | \n23 | Hichki | Siddharth P Malhotra | Rani Mukerji | Drama | Yash Raj Films | \nPareshaan Parinda | Devesh Pratap Singh | \n\n * Meeraj Shah \n * Sakshi Singh \n\n| Thriller | Dreamz Productions | \nBaa Baaa Black Sheep | Vishwas Paandya | \n\n * Anupam Kher \n * Kay Kay Menon \n * Maniesh Paul \n * Annu Kapoor \n\n| Comedy | Soham Rockstar Entertainment | \nShaadi Teri Bajayenge Hum Band | Gurpreet Sondh | \n\n * Rajpal Yadav \n * Mushtaq Khan \n * Rahul Bagga \n * Rohit Kumar \n * Dilbagh Singh \n * Naresh Gosain \n * Shrashti Maheshwari \n * Afreen Alvi \n * Radha Bhatt \n\n| Comedy | Rangrezaa Films | \n30 | Baaghi 2 | Ahmed Khan | \n\n * Tiger Shroff \n * Disha Patani \n * Manoj Bajpayee \n * Randeep Hooda \n * Jacqueline Fernandez \n\n| Action/Romance | Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment, Fox Star Studios | \n Highest worldwide gross of 2018 Rank | Title | Production company | Distributor | Worldwide gross | Ref. \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Sanju * | \n\n * Vinod Chopra Films \n * Rajkumar Hirani Films \n\n| Fox Star Studios | ₹ 586.52 crore (US$85 million) | \n| Padmaavat | Viacom 18 Motion Pictures Bhansali Productions | Viacom 18 Motion Pictures | ₹ 585.87 crore (US$85 million) | \n| Race 3 | \n\n * Salman Khan Films \n * Tips Films \n\n| \n\n * Tips Films \n * Salman Khan Films \n\n| ₹ 303.57 crore (US$44 million) | \n| Baaghi 2 | Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment | Fox Star Studios | ₹ 253.18 crore (US$37 million) | \n5 | Raazi | Dharma Productions | AA Films | ₹ 194.06 crore (US$28 million) | \n6 | Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety | T-Series Films | AA Films | ₹ 148.51 crore (US$22 million) | \n7 | Raid | T-Series Films | Panorama Studios | ₹ 142.81 crore (US$21 million) | \n8 | Veere Di Wedding | \n\n * Balaji Motion Pictures \n * Anil Kapoor Films & Communication Network \n\n| \\- | ₹ 138.80 crore (US$20 million) | \n9 | Pad Man | KriArj Entertainment | Sony Pictures | ₹ 120.56 crore (US$18 million) | \n10 | Dhadak * | \n\n * Zee Studios \n * Dharma Productions \n\n| Zee Studios | ₹ 108.18 crore (US$16 million) | \n Opening | Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Production house | Ref. \n---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| 6 | Blackmail | Abhinay Deo | \n\n * Irrfan Khan \n * Kirti Kulhari \n * Arunoday Singh \n * Divya Dutta \n * Omi Vaidya \n\n| Comedy | T-Series, RDP Motion Pictures | \nMissing | Mukul Abhyankar | \n\n * Tabu \n * Manoj Bajpayee \n * Annu Kapoor \n\n| Psychological Thriller | Friday Filmwork, Abundantia Entertainment | \n13 | October | Shoojit Sircar | \n\n * Varun Dhawan \n * Banita Sandhu \n * Gitanjali Rao \n\n| \n\n * Slice of life \n * Romantic drama \n\n| \n\n * Rising Sun Films \n * Kino Works \n\n| \nMercury | Karthik Subbaraj | \n\n * Prabhu Deva \n * Sananth Reddy \n * Remya Nambeesan \n\n| Thriller | Pen India Limited | \n20 | Beyond the Clouds | Majid Majidi | \n\n * Ishaan Khatter \n * Malavika Mohanan \n\n| Drama | Zee Studios | \nNanu Ki Jaanu | Faraz Haider | \n\n * Patralekhaa \n * Abhay Deol \n * Sapna Chaudhary \n\n| Comedy | Inbox Pictures | \n27 | Daas Dev | Sudhir Mishra | \n\n * Richa Chaddha \n * Aditi Rao Hydari \n * Rahul Bhat \n * Saurabh Shukla \n * Vipin Sharma \n * Vineet Kumar Singh \n * Dalip Tahil \n * Anurag Kashyap \n\n| Romantic thriller | Saptrishi Cinevision, Storm Motion Pictures | \nIshq Tera | Jojo D'Souza | \n\n * Hrishitaa Bhatt \n * Mohit Madaan \n * Mozhgan Taraneh (Irani Star) \n * Shahbaz Khan \n * Aman Verma \n * Ganesh Yadav \n * Manoj Pawha \n * Salil Naik \n * Manju Sharma \n * Pyumori Mehta Ghosh \n\n| Thriller | Big Banner Entertainment | \nOur Heroes | Manish Parihar | \n\n * Devraj Singh Sarangdevot \n * Shankar Lal Dangi \n * Mahesh Gurjar \n * Gourav Gurjar",
"* Patralekhaa \n * Abhay Deol \n * Sapna Chaudhary \n\n| Comedy | Inbox Pictures | \n27 | Daas Dev | Sudhir Mishra | \n\n * Richa Chaddha \n * Aditi Rao Hydari \n * Rahul Bhat \n * Saurabh Shukla \n * Vipin Sharma \n * Vineet Kumar Singh \n * Dalip Tahil \n * Anurag Kashyap \n\n| Romantic thriller | Saptrishi Cinevision, Storm Motion Pictures | \nIshq Tera | Jojo D'Souza | \n\n * Hrishitaa Bhatt \n * Mohit Madaan \n * Mozhgan Taraneh (Irani Star) \n * Shahbaz Khan \n * Aman Verma \n * Ganesh Yadav \n * Manoj Pawha \n * Salil Naik \n * Manju Sharma \n * Pyumori Mehta Ghosh \n\n| Thriller | Big Banner Entertainment | \nOur Heroes | Manish Parihar | \n\n * Devraj Singh Sarangdevot \n * Shankar Lal Dangi \n * Mahesh Gurjar \n * Gourav Gurjar \n\n| Action | Jassi Production House Ltd. | \nY | | 102 Not Out | Umesh Shukla | \n\n * Amitabh Bachchan \n * Rishi Kapoor \n\n| Comedy | Sony Pictures | \nOmerta | Hansal Mehta | Rajkummar Rao | Crime Drama | Swiss Entertainment | \n11 | Raazi | Meghna Gulzar | \n\n * Vicky Kaushal \n * Alia Bhatt \n\n| Period Thriller | Junglee Pictures, Dharma Productions | \nThe Past | Gagan Puri | \n\n * Vedita Pratap Singh \n * Yuvraaj Parashar \n\n| Horror Thriller | Peacock Motion Filmz | \nHope Aur Hum | Sudip Bandyopadhyay | \n\n * Naseeruddin Shah \n * Sonali Kulkarni \n * Aamir Bashir \n\n| Drama | PVR Pictures | \nFalooda | Dhiraj Singh | \n\n * Aarav Negi \n * Goonj Chand \n * Azhar \n * Pihu Sharma \n * Dhiraj Singh \n\n| Comedy | Vaibav laxmi Films, Shree S.J Entertainment, Dev Gayatri Entertainment | \n18 | High Jack | Akash Khurana | \n\n * Sumeet Vyas \n * Sonnalli Seygall \n * Mantra \n * Taaruk Raina \n * Priyanshu Painyuli \n * Kumud Mishra \n * Natasha Rastogi \n\n| Comedy | Phantom Films | \nKhajoor Pe Atke | Harsh Chhaya | \n\n * Vinay Pathak \n * Manoj Pahwa \n * Seema Pahwa \n * Dolly Ahluwalia \n * Sabah Kapoor \n\n| Comedy | Welcome Friends Production | \n25 | Parmanu:The Story Of Pokhran | Abhishek Sharma | \n\n * John Abraham \n * Diana Penty \n * Boman Irani \n\n| Action/drama | KAYTA Production, JA Entertainment | \nOne Night Out | Ravinddra Khare | \n\n * Javed Haider \n * Gulashan pandey \n * Kabina Maharjan \n * Neha Joshi \n\n| Suspense thriller | Music One Films Production & Studio | \nBioscopewala | Deb Medhekar | \n\n * Danny Denzongpa \n * Geetanjali Thapa \n * Tisca Chopra \n * Adil Hussain \n\n| Drama | Fox Star Studios, Star India | \nJ U | | Veere Di Wedding | Shashanka Ghosh | \n\n * Kareena Kapoor \n * Sonam Kapoor \n * Swara Bhaskar \n * Shikha Talsania \n * Sumeet Vyas \n\n| Romantic comedy | Balaji Motion Pictures | \nBhavesh Joshi Superhero | Vikramaditya Motwane | \n\n * Harshvardhan Kapoor \n * Priyanshu Painyuli \n * Nishikant Kamat \n\n| Action | Phantom Films, Eros International | \nPhamous | Karan Lalit Butani | \n\n * Jackie Shroff \n * Jimmy Sheirgill \n * Kay Kay Menon \n * Shriya Saran \n * Mahie Gill \n * Pankaj Tripathi \n\n| Drama/Action | Vidisha Productions Pvt. Ltd. | \n7 | Kaala | Pa. Ranjith | \n\n * Rajnikanth \n * Huma Qureshi \n * Nana Patekar \n\n| Action | Wunderbar Films, Lyca Productions | \n15 | Race 3 | Remo D'Souza | \n\n * Anil Kapoor \n * Salman Khan \n * Bobby Deol \n * Jacqueline Fernandez \n * Saqib Saleem \n * Daisy Shah \n * Freddy Daruwala \n\n| Thriller | Tips Films, Salman Khan Films | \n29 | Sanju | Rajkumar Hirani | \n\n * Ranbir Kapoor \n * Sonam Kapoor \n * Dia Mirza \n * Paresh Rawal \n * Manisha Koirala \n * Anushka Sharma \n\n| Biopic | Rajkumar Hirani Films, Vinod Chopra Films | \n Opening | Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Production house | Ref. \n---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \nO | 5 | Pal Pal Dil Ke Paas | Sunny Deol | \n\n * Karan Deol \n * Saher Bamba \n\n| Romantic | Vijayta Films | \nLoveratri | Abhiraj Minawala | \n\n * Aayush Sharma \n * Warina Hussain \n\n| Romantic | Salman Khan Films | \n \n12 | Jalebi | Pushpdeep Bhardwaj | \n\n * Rhea Chakraborty \n * Digangana Suryavanshi \n * Varun Mitra \n\n| Drama | Vishesh Films | \n19 | De De Pyaar De | Akiv Ali | \n\n * Ajay Devgn \n * Tabu \n * Rakul Preet Singh \n\n| Romantic comedy | T-Series, Luv Films | \nNamaste England | Vipul Shah | \n\n * Arjun Kapoor \n * Parineeti Chopra \n\n| Romantic comedy | Pen India Limited, Reliance Entertainment | \nBadhaai Ho | Amit Sharma | \n\n * Ayushman Khurrana \n * Sanya Malhotra \n\n| Romantic comedy | Junglee Pictures | \nBhaiaji Superhit | Neerraj Pathak | \n\n * Sunny Deol \n * Preity Zinta \n * Ameesha Patel \n * Arshad Warsi \n * Shreyas Talpade \n * Evelyn Sharma \n\n| Action/Comedy | Metro Movies | \n26 | Marudhar Express | Vishal Mishra | \n\n * Kunaal Roy Kapur \n * Tara Alisha Berry \n\n| Drama | | \nNastik | Shailesh Varma | \n\n * Arjun Rampal \n * Harshaali Malhotra \n * Tinu Anand \n * Meera Chopra \n * Ravi Kishan \n * Divya Dutta \n\n| Drama | Paras Software and Entertainment | \nO V | 7 | Thugs of Hindostan | Vijay Krishna Acharya | \n\n * Amitabh Bachchan \n * Aamir Khan \n * Katrina Kaif \n * Fatima Sana Shaikh \n\n| Period action/adventure | Yash Raj Films | \nHaathi Mere Saathi | Prabhu Solomon | \n\n * Kalki Koechlin \n * Rana Daggubati \n * Zoya Hussain \n * Pulkit Samrat \n * Vishnu Vishal \n * Rajiv Kachroo \n\n| | Eros International | \n29 | 2.0 | S. Shankar | \n\n * Rajinikanth \n * Akshay Kumar \n * Amy Jackson \n\n| Sci-Fi | Lyca Productions | \n30 | Kedarnath | Abhishek Kapoor | \n\n * Sushant Singh Rajput \n * Sara Ali Khan \n\n| | RSVP Movies, Guy in the Sky Pictures | \n| 7 | Total Dhamaal | Indra Kumar | \n\n * Madhuri Dixit \n * Ajay Devgn \n * Anil Kapoor \n * Riteish Deshmukh \n * Arshad Warsi \n * Jaaved Jaaferi \n * Aashish Chaudhary \n * Niharica Raizada \n\n| Comedy | Fox Star Studios | \n14 | Mangal Ho | Pritish Chakraborty | \n\n * Pritish Chakraborty \n * Aanushka Ramesh \n * Sanjay Mishra \n * Annu Kapoor \n * Vrajesh Hirjee \n * Mukesh Bhatt \n * Swati Kumar \n * Oksana Rasulova \n * Shahnawaz Pradhan \n * Aarif Sheikh \n * Murli Sharma \n\n| Sci-fi/comedy | Ascent Entertainment, MK Media | \n21 | Zero | Aanand L. Rai | \n\n * Shah Rukh Khan \n * Katrina Kaif \n * Anushka Sharma \n * Tigmanshu Dhulia \n\n| Comedy/drama | Red Chillies Entertainment, Colour Yellow Productions | \nThe Accidental Prime Minister | Vijay Ratnakar Gutte | \n\n * Anupam Kher \n * Akshaye Khanna \n\n| Biopic | Bohra Bos International | \n28 | Simmba | Rohit Shetty | \n\n * Ranveer Singh \n * Sara Ali Khan \n * Sonu Sood \n\n| Action Comedy | Dharma Productions, Reliance Entertainment |"
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"Lloyd (singer) Lloyd Polite Jr. (born January 3, 1986), better known by his mononym Lloyd, is an American R&B singer, songwriter, rapper, dancer and actor. Lloyd began his career in music as a member of the preteen-boy band N-Toon. The group disbanded in 2001 and Lloyd embarked on a solo career in 2003. Lloyd subsequently signed a recording contract with Murder Inc. Records (formerly The Inc.) and Def Jam Recordings. In 2004, Lloyd released his solo debut single \"Southside,\" the title track of his debut album, \"Southside\". The single features Ashanti, and it quickly charted on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and became a Top 40 hit. His second album \"Street Love\", was released on March 13, 2007. It featured top-twenty hits \"You\" and \"Get It Shawty.\" Lloyd's third album \"Lessons in Love\", gave the singer his second top ten \"Billboard\" 200 album. Lloyd's career received an enormous boost in 2009–10 after being featured on the second single of Young Money's hit single \"BedRock,\" gaining publicity from his presence on its guest list. Lloyd also released a 2009 EP entitled \"Like Me: The Young Goldie EP\". On March 13, 2010, Lloyd signed to Interscope and Zone 4. His fourth album \"King of Hearts\", was released July 5, 2011. The first single, \"Lay It Down,\" became a top-ten hit on \"Billboard\"'s Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. In 2016, Lloyd released \"Tru\", his first single in five years, and an EP of the same name. On August 31, 2018, he released \"Tru - LP\", which included the single, \"Caramel.\" Lloyd Polite Jr. was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on January 3, 1986, to Lloyd Polite Sr. and Robin Lewis Polite. Lloyd grew up in the Calliope Projects in Central City, New Orleans. He then moved to Decatur, Georgia. In Decatur he found his desire to sing and later relocated to New York City where he met Irv Gotti. In 2003, Lloyd was discovered and signed to Irv Gotti's The Inc. Records as a solo artist and released his debut album, \"Southside\", on July 20, 2004. It debuted at number 11 on the US \"Billboard\" 200 and number three on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts, selling over the R&B singer Ashanti, managed to peak at number 24 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 13 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts. The second single, \"Hey Young Girl\" was released in August 2004 and peaked at number 61 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The third and final single, \"Southside Remix\" featured Ashanti and rapper Scarface. Later that year he featured on 8Ball & MJG's \"Forever\" and Tango Redd's \"Let's Cheat\". In 2004, Lloyd was featured on label-mate Ja Rule's \"Caught Up\"; the song saw minor success in the United States, reaching number 65 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. However, on the UK Singles Chart the song peaked at number 20. The singer reentered the recording studios to begin work with producers Bryan-Michael Cox, James Lackey, Jazze Pha, Big Reese and Jasper Cameron and The Inc.'s 7 Aurelius. Released on March 13, 2007, \"Street Love\" debuted at number two on the US \"Billboard\" 200 and Top R&B/Hip-Hop albums charts, with sales of 145,000 copies emerging as Lloyd's highest debut and biggest first week. It eventually received a gold certification, and has sold over half a million copies domestically. The album's lead single, Jasper Cameron-penned \"You\", featured rapper Lil Wayne, was a big commercial success, becoming his first top ten single on the Hot 100. In addition, it reached the top position on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The single reached number 45 in the United Kingdom and number 25 in New Zealand. The second single \"Get It Shawty\" reached number 16 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number four on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts. It also reached number 37 in the United Kingdom. The third and final single, \"Player's Prayer\", was released and peaked at number 74 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The song was not promoted and didn't receive a music video. Later in 2007, he was featured on Huey's \"When I Hustle\" and Dem Franchize Boyz's \"Turn Heads\", both songs saw minor success in the United States, reaching number 80 and 75 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. \"Lessons in Love\" was released on August 4, 2008. \"The title concept derives from a schoolboy fantasy of mine, where I become a professor of a classroom full of gorgeous girls, and I feel the best thing I can give them that's really worth having is lessons in love!\" he said about the issues worked into the tracks. The album debuted at number seven on the \"Billboard\" 200 and number one on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts, with moderately successful first-week sales 51,000 — about half as many as his previous effort, number two album \"Street Love\". \"How We Do It (Around My Way)\", featured rapper Ludacris, was released as the first single, peaking at number 77 on the US \"Billboard\" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and number 75 on the UK charts. Due to the low success of the song, it only appeared on select versions of the album as a bonus track. The second single, \"Girls Around the World\", featured Lil Wayne and was a moderate hit. It peaked at number 64 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 13 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts. The third and final single was \"Year of the Lover\". The single version featured rapper Plies. It only peaked at number one on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles. In June 2009, it was announced that Lloyd would depart from The Inc. Records. Lloyd stated that he was \"focusing on just growing in general\". A song titled \"Pusha\", produced by The Runners written by Lloyd, Raymond \"Ray-Ray\" Gordon, Sean \"Slim\" McMillion, and The Monarch and featuring Juelz Santana was leaked online. Juelz Santana was later replaced on the song by Lil Wayne but later both verses were put together and was released as the lead single from his EP, \"Like Me: The Young Goldie EP\". Lloyd also collaborated with Lil Wayne on the song \"BedRock\" which is the second single from Lil Wayne's record label Young Money compilation album. On March 13 it was confirmed that Lloyd signed to Interscope Records. In May 2010, Lloyd teamed up with fellow New Orleans native Mystikal and recorded \"Set Me Free\". The video was shot primarily in the Calliope Projects of New Orleans. The song featured heavy brass sounds and a sample of \"Unchain My Heart\" by Ray Charles. On July 25, 2010, Lloyd announced via Twitter that his new album will be entitled \"King of Hearts\". It was released on July 5, 2011 and on August 16, 2010, Lloyd released the first single entitled \"Lay It Down\". The second single was \"Cupid\" and the third single released was \"Dedication to My Ex (Miss That)\"; to date the single is Lloyd's biggest international hit peaking at number three on the Australian and UK charts. The song features André 3000 of OutKast and is narrated by Lil Wayne. The fourth single released from the album is \"Be the One\" featuring Trey Songz and Young Jeezy. The single was released on December 18 and the music video premiered as the Jam Of The Week on MTV Jams. On October 29, 2012, Lloyd released his first mixtape \"The Playboy Diaries Vol. 1\". It features Lil Wayne, August Alsina, Trae Tha Truth among others. In January 2013 Lloyd released a song called \"Twerk Off\" featuring rapper Juicy J and was produced by Drumma Boy. On May 6, 2016, he released his first single in five years titled \"Tru\", with the audio for the song released on YouTube 12 days later. On June 23, 2016, during an interview, Lloyd revealed that he had signed a new distribution deal with Empire. Lloyd announced the release of his fifth studio album titled \"Out My Window\" on October 25, 2016. On November 7 Lloyd announced via his Instagram that he would be releasing a new EP before his album on December 9, 2016, titled \"Tru\". On July 9, 2018, Lloyd released \"Caramel\" as the first single from his album \"Tru\". The album was released on August 31. On September 3, 2010, Lloyd cut off his signature long hair and donated it to charity. On July 6, 2011, Lloyd",
"a song called \"Twerk Off\" featuring rapper Juicy J and was produced by Drumma Boy. On May 6, 2016, he released his first single in five years titled \"Tru\", with the audio for the song released on YouTube 12 days later. On June 23, 2016, during an interview, Lloyd revealed that he had signed a new distribution deal with Empire. Lloyd announced the release of his fifth studio album titled \"Out My Window\" on October 25, 2016. On November 7 Lloyd announced via his Instagram that he would be releasing a new EP before his album on December 9, 2016, titled \"Tru\". On July 9, 2018, Lloyd released \"Caramel\" as the first single from his album \"Tru\". The album was released on August 31. On September 3, 2010, Lloyd cut off his signature long hair and donated it to charity. On July 6, 2011, Lloyd revealed a new tattoo of \"Guns & Roses\" that was tattooed on the back of his head. On March 14, 2016 it was announced and revealed that Lloyd had earned his GED certificate. In an August 2016 interview with Sway Calloway, Lloyd explains his hiatus through the lyrics of his song \"Tru\", expressing how he lost an unborn child to an abortion and that it \"left a big hole\", while also detailing other family issues. In September 2017, Lloyd's wishes of having a child came true when his girlfriend gave birth to their son River. The two welcomed their daughter in late 2018 While on a 2012 concert tour in New Zealand, Lloyd and several members of his entourage were interviewed by Auckland police over the vicious assault of a local father in front of children in a suburban playground. A witness to the incident had said Lloyd and his group had approached a couple earlier in the day looking for drugs. Local media reported Lloyd and his associates narrowly escaped prosecution, leaving the country the next day. Lloyd (singer) Lloyd Polite Jr. (born January 3, 1986), better known by his mononym Lloyd, is an American R&B singer, songwriter, rapper, dancer and actor. Lloyd began his career in"
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"retrieved": [
"London Buses route 9 London Buses Route 9 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Hammersmith bus station and Aldwych, it is operated by London United. Route 9 has been called \"London's oldest existing bus route\". Its origin goes as far back as 1856. The Sunday 9 extension was finally removed when Route 23 gained a Sunday service in the late 1960s, although a token service was maintained as far as Aldgate until 14:00 on Sundays to serve the local markets, the afternoon service being curtailed at Aldwych. The Saturday service was also curtailed to Aldwych a few years later, but the Sunday service was renumbered 9A to avoid the unusual bifurcation, being further diverted via Monument and Tower Hill instead of Bank and Leadenhall Street. This variation had been dropped completely by 1990, and the route thus then ran daily from Mortlake to Aldwych with a Monday to Friday extension to Liverpool Street. The whole route was cut back to Aldwych on 18 July 1992, the replacement to Liverpool Street being new route 23. In the lead up to the introduction of the London congestion charge in February 2003, service levels were increased with MCW Metrobuses drafted in to supplement the AEC Routemasters. On 4 September 2004, crewed operation finished with the AEC Routemasters replaced by East Lancs Myllennium Vyking bodied Volvo B7TL and the route was transferred to Stamford Brook garage, in an economy swap with route 49. In 2014, the route briefly operated a New Routemaster painted in red and silver livery to promote the \"Year of the Bus\". To mark the First World War centenary, the London Transport Museum restored one of only four surviving LGOC B-type buses. The bus being restored used to run on route 9 between Barnes and Liverpool Street from 1914. The restoration cost £250,000, with more than half being spent sourcing original parts. New Routemasters were introduced on 26 October 2013. The rear platform remains open from Monday to Friday between 06:00 and 18:00 when it is staffed by a customer assistant. Route 9 operates via these primary locations: In 1978, route 9 was called the \"very best and least expensive tour of London\" as it passed Hyde Park, Hyde Park Corner, Green Park, Burlington Arcade, Piccadilly Circus, Haymarket, Trafalgar Square, the National Gallery, Strand, Savoy Hotel, Simpsons of Piccadilly, Fleet Street, Lombard Street and George and Vulture. The current route passes Kensington Palace and Kensington Gardens. It also passes the Kensington Roof Gardens, Royal Albert Hall, Albert Memorial, Hyde Park Barracks, Wellington Arch, Apsley House, New Zealand War Memorial, The Athenaeum Hotel, The Ritz London Hotel, The Wolseley, St James's Palace, National Gallery, Duke of York Column, Nelson's Column, Eleanor cross, Savoy Hotel, Savoy Theatre and Somerset House. London Buses route 9 London Buses Route 9 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England. Running between Hammersmith bus station and Aldwych, it is operated by London United. Route 9 has been"
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"retrieved": [
"Witold Leon Czartoryski Prince Witold Leon Karol Adam Jarosław Jerzy Czartoryski (1864–1945) was a Polish noble (szlachcic) and landowner. He served as the general commissar of Galicia and Lodomeria from the end of Russian occupation in 1917 to full incorporation as part of Poland on 1 November 1918. He was a hereditary member of the Austrian House of Lords (Herrenhaus) from 1908 and an elected Senator of the Polish Republic (1922–28) Witold became owner of Pełkinie, Wiązownica, Konarzewo, Byliny estates in Poland and Weinhaus in Vienna. Witold was a well-known horse racing enthusiast. He set up a world-renowned hot bloods stud in Pełkinie, which bred the remarkable Arabian horses Czubuthan, Babolna, Ba-Ida, Kasmira and Aeniza. He was married to Countess Jadwiga Dzieduszycka hr. Sas daughter of Count Włodzimierz Dzieduszycki, married on February 21, 1889 in Lwów. They had twelve children together, including: Witold Leon Czartoryski Prince Witold Leon Karol Adam Jarosław Jerzy Czartoryski (1864–1945) was a Polish noble (szlachcic) and landowner. He served as the general commissar of Galicia and Lodomeria from the end of Russian occupation in 1917 to full incorporation as part of Poland on 1 November 1918. He was a hereditary member of the Austrian House of"
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"retrieved": [
"Ace Trucking Co. Ace Trucking Co. is a comedy science fiction series that featured in the comic \"2000 AD\" from 1981 to 1986. Created by writers John Wagner and Alan Grant and artist Massimo Belardinelli, it followed the misadventures of a space trucking company headed by Ace Garp, a pointy-headed alien who spoke in a kind of futuristic CB radio slang. The title was lifted from a 1970s improvisational comedy group whose membership had included Fred Willard, Patti Deutsch, Michael Mislove, George Memmoli, and Bill Saluga. Ace was the skipper of the cargo spaceship Speedo Ghost, for much of the series the Ace Trucking Co.'s only ship. His crew included his huge 'biffo' (both bodyguard and security) GBH, who believed himself to be dead, Feek the Freek, a skeletal being who acted as the ship's engineer, and the sarcastic ship's computer Ghost. Joining the crew later in the run was Chiefy the Pig-Rat, a small rodent-like creature that became Feek's best friend and missed no opportunity to insult Ace. In later stories, the crew was also joined by a duplicate of Ace himself. The reason for this is that, tired of the series, the creators killed off Ace by having him believe that he was suffering a fatal disease, causing him to commit suicide by flying into a star. However, the popularity of the series with 2000AD's readers caused it to be revived, the explanation being that Ace passed through a dimensional rift in the star, and ended up being discovered by his counterpart in another universe, but not before a brief detour in the offices of Tharg the Mighty in a drawer filled with other characters that had been killed off over time. Technically, the second Ace is the 'real' one from the earlier stories. Other recurring characters were Jago Kain, the human boss of Ace's business rival Yellow Line, Cap'n Evil Blood, a space pirate who was always trying to kill Garp, Ace-hating officers Kroxley and Zagger of the Galactic Police and Fatty Arkl, a rotund alien who ended up as the skipper of Ace's second ship (Old Peart The Third). The main artist for the series' run was Massimo Belardinelli, although Ian Gibson and Giolitti also contributed. As mentioned above, Grant and Wagner became tired of writing the series and made several attempts to end it (one series ended with the entire crew in prison), but reader demand kept bringing it back. The later stories show clear signs of the writers' annoyance at having to keep going on a series they had lost interest in - Ace started out as a smart and resourceful character, but ended up a greedy, dim-witted buffoon disliked even by his own crew. The character's official final story \"The Garpetbagger\" ended with his companions GBH and Feek the Freek ordering Ace to sell up and move on, quipping that he \"Outlived his welcome a long time ago\". In 1988, a one off mini-story was produced for a \"2000AD\" annual which featured the original Ace returning to his own universe only to find that Feek has taken over the business and GBH has become his second in command. Ace loses his temper and vandalises a bar owned by Feek which lands him in prison, vowing to gain revenge at some point \"in the near future\". Despite this, Ace Trucking Co would not make a reappearance in 2000AD until 2015, when the eight-page strip \"Star's Truck\", by Eddie Robson and Nick Dyer, was published in that year's Sci-Fi Special. Ace Trucking Co. Ace Trucking Co. is a comedy science fiction series that featured in"
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"retrieved": [
"The College Fair The College Fair is a U.S. based college and career planning technology company founded as Schoold in 2015 and based in San Francisco, California. The College Fair app, launched in February 2016, helps individuals make informed decisions on choosing a college and major by compiling data from a variety of sources. Schoold was co-founded by Sourabh Ahuja, who grew up in India, and spent over 10 years as a Vice President developing mobile games at Glu Mobile. Joe Ross serves on the San Mateo County Board of Education and was previously the Chief Strategy Officer at HotChalk. The College Fair app seeks to democratize access to college search and counselling. Within the first month, the app surpassed 500,000 downloads. The College Fair has received $4.5 million in seed capital from Social Capital, FastForward Innovations, Learn Capital, and University Ventures. In addition, Lorne Abony and Joseph Grundfest have contributed. The College Fair The College Fair is a U.S. based college and career planning technology company founded as Schoold in 2015 and based in San Francisco, California. The College Fair app, launched in February 2016, helps individuals make informed decisions on choosing a college and major by compiling data"
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