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"Geosesarma dennerle Geosesarma dennerle is a species of small land-living crabs which is found on Java, Indonesia. It is popular in the aquarium trade, where it is sometimes called \"Geosesarma “Vampir” Vampirkrabbe\" or \"Geosesarma sp. “Blue” Blaue Vampirkrabbe\". Crabs called \"Geosesarma bicolor Krakatau Vampirkrabbe\" are probably also G. dennerle. All species of Geosesarma crabs are often called \"vampire crabs\" in the aquarium trade. The species is named after the aquarium supply company Dennerle, who supported one of the describing authors' (Christian Lukhaup) study in Java. The coloration of G. dennerle is very similar to G. bicolor. The describing paper mentions chelipeds, male abdominal and G1 structures as distinguishing features. Geosesarma dennerle Geosesarma dennerle is a species of small land-living crabs which is found on Java, Indonesia. It is popular in the aquarium trade, where it is sometimes called \"Geosesarma “Vampir” Vampirkrabbe\" or \"Geosesarma sp. “Blue” Blaue Vampirkrabbe\". Crabs called \"Geosesarma bicolor Krakatau Vampirkrabbe\" are probably also G. dennerle. All species of Geosesarma crabs are often called \"vampire crabs\" in the aquarium trade. The species is named after the aquarium supply company Dennerle, who supported one of the describing authors' (Christian Lukhaup) study in Java. The coloration of G. dennerle is"
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"The Emperor's New Clothes (2015 film) The Emperor's New Clothes is a 2015 documentary film about the growing disparity between economic classes, directed by Michael Winterbottom and starring actor/activist Russell Brand. The film contains archival footage from the 21st-century recession paired with \"comedic send-ups\" from Brand, conducted in the financial districts of London and New York. In one scene in the film, Brand attempts to confront Lord Rothermere, the billionaire owner of the \"Daily Mail\", about his \"non-dom\" tax status, through which he avoids paying taxes in the United Kingdom by claiming residence elsewhere. When Brand rings the bell at Rothermere's London mansion and asks through the intercom to speak to him, he is told by an unseen person that Rothermere does indeed live there. Winterbottom stated that the film will explore why \"nothing has changed\" since the economic crisis in 2008. \"It's about inequality and why the 1 percent (of the world's wealthy) seem to have so much and the rest of us not quite so much,\" Winterbottom told the BBC in October 2014. \"Everyone knows about equality and what's going on in the world, so the idea is to point out the ludicrous extremes of our society.\" The documentary began shooting in October. Winterbottom and Brand had previously discussed—but ultimately abandoned—the idea of producing a film version of Brand's first memoir, \"My Booky Wook\". The film is produced by Winterbottom's Revolution Films company and distributed by StudioCanal UK. \"The Emperor's New Clothes\" debuted in London on 21 April 2015, followed by a question-and-answer session with Brand. It made its international debut in the Spotlight Category on 24 April at the Tribeca Film Festival. The Emperor's New Clothes (2015 film) The Emperor's New Clothes is a 2015 documentary film about the growing disparity between economic classes, directed by Michael"
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"Spider (solitaire) Spider is a type of patience game. It is one of the more popular two-deck solitaire games. The main purpose of the game is to remove all cards from the table, assembling them in the tableau before removing them. Initially, 54 cards are dealt to the tableau in ten piles, face down except for the top cards. The tableau piles build down by rank, and in-suit sequences can be moved together. The 50 remaining cards can be dealt to the tableau ten at a time when none of the piles are empty. Common software versions of Spider are included with versions of Microsoft Windows Windows 7, Vista, ME and XP as Spider Solitaire. Spider Solitaire was introduced in the Microsoft Plus! 98 addition pack for Windows 98. There are 104 cards, enough to make 8 decks. The game comes in three versions: Easy or Beginner (with 8 Spade packs), Medium or Intermediate (with four packs each of Spades and Hearts), and Hard or Advanced (with two each of all four packs). An earlier version was written for Windows 3.x in 1991 by John A. Junod, the original developer of WS_FTP. The final version was Windows Spider Solitaire version 92.01.04. He also wrote a DOS version called EGA-Spider with version up to 93.07.05. A similar game called Arachnid, was also written for Windows 3.x in 1991 by Ian Heath, a computer science professor at the University of Southampton in the UK. The latest known version is 1.2 and is quite well polished. This game was also re-written for 32-bit operating systems and is referred to as Arachnid 32. On Unix operating systems, an early version was developed around 1989 at Sun Microsystems. A version of Spider Solitaire typically comes bundled with both the KDE and GNOME desktop environments on other Unix-like operating systems such as Linux and BSD, under the names KPatience and AisleRiot Solitaire, respectively. Versions for Macintosh and most other operating systems are also available. The newer Windows versions offer three levels of difficulty, with one, two, or four suits. These play modes are equivalent to disregarding suit difference, either within the colors or altogether, and thus can be simulated in the physical card game, though the computer version aids visibility by representing all cards as spades and/or hearts. Different software implementations of spider offer alternative scoring rules. The version from Sun Microsystems from 1989 defines the following rules in the manual: 10 points for each initially face down card that gets turned over; 15 additional points for each column where all the face-down cards have been turned over (even if you don't manage to get a space); 2 points for each card that is sitting atop the next higher card of the same suit; 50 points for each completed suit removed from the tableau (in which case you do not also score for the 12 cards sitting atop next higher cards). This yields a maximum score of 990. If you win the game with 4 or more completed suits still in the tableau, add 2 points for each suit after the first three. Thus winning with all eight suits still in the tableau yields a score of 1000. In the Windows versions of Spider Solitaire, the scoring is calculated with a starting score of 500. One point is subtracted for each move; 100 points are added for each suit completed. This allows for a theoretical maximum score of 1280. Spider (solitaire) Spider is a type of patience game. It is one of the more popular two-deck solitaire games. The main purpose of the game is to"
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"LGBT Youth Scotland LGBT Youth Scotland is a voluntary organisation dedicated to the inclusion of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) young people (12-26yr olds) in the life of Scotland. It was established in November 1989 as the Stonewall Youth Project by members of the LGBT community in Edinburgh. In April 2003 Stonewall Youth Project became a national organisation and was incorporated as a company limited by guarantee (No.244805) with charitable status (SC024047) under the name by which it is known today. LGBT Youth Scotland provides a range of services and opportunities for young people, families and professionals. LGBT Youth Scotland’s vision is that every LGBT young person will be included in the life of Scotland and shall: Services provided by LGBT Youth Scotland include: Direct Services for LGBT young people including support groups, advice and support, events and volunteering, National Projects including LGBT History Month, Policy work, Research, Training for Professionals. In November 2008, LGBT Youth Scotland has begun providing volunteering opportunities for those over the age of 26 as a part of the National Development Team's Capacity Building Project. Unlike many youth-steered organisations, LGBT Youth Scotland is not completely peer led, and relies upon experienced volunteers and paid staff to keep services running. The organisation is one of the largest employers in Scotland within the LGBT sector with over 30 full-time paid staff members, with many more part-time staff and volunteers. LGBT young people are involved directly by their formation and support of Scotland's LGBT National Youth Council (NYC). The NYC is made up of elected youth representatives from all across Scotland, and is responsible for gathering the views, issues and aspirations of Scotland's LGBT youth population in order to feed them back to the people who can make a real difference, such as MSPs and local authorities. It brings together youth groups as well as individuals under one umbrella organisation. The service users elect two members of the Scottish Youth Parliament. In 2004 the youth volunteers of the organisation won the Philip Lawrence Award for Community Safety. LGBT Youth Scotland LGBT Youth Scotland is a voluntary organisation dedicated to the inclusion of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) young people (12-26yr olds) in the life of Scotland. It was established in November 1989 as the Stonewall Youth Project by members of the LGBT community in Edinburgh. In April 2003 Stonewall Youth Project became a national organisation and"
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"Stephen Cawston Stephen Cawston is an artist. Stephen Cawston was born 23rd January 1979 in Essex and grew up in Thame, Oxfordshire. His early schooling was at Fryerns Comprehensive School in Basildon. The School Motto Latin: Age Quod Agis (‘if you do something, do it well.’). While at this school Cawston was in care (with his brother and sister) in a children’s home. Cawston’s family was reunited and moved to Thame, where his parents were in service (cook and chauffeur) on a country estate. This is where Cawston’s love of art started, drawing the wildlife on the estate. Cawston attended Lord Williams's School; the school was opened in 1570 having been founded at a bequest of John Williams, 1st Baron Williams of Thame. Cawston started his working life as a carpenter, which led him starting a business in building and interior design, Cawston turned to finance as well, but is best known for his art. He was the owner of a Knightsbridge art gallery, dealing in Contemporary art. Here he also took on art interns to learn the business of galleries and give art lessons. Most of their clientele were seeking high cost fine art. Cawston is also an artist and has an extensive client base, selling to CEO’s, celebrities and entrepreneurs. One of Cawston’s famous paintings \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" had a feature story on the US Celebrity TV show E News. Which also appeared in \"Vanity Fair\", \"USA Today\", \"New York Post\", \"Redbook\" Magazine, \"Us Weekly\" and Elle. Com NYPOST.COM featured the commissioned wedding gift for Guy Ritchie and Jacqui Ainsley. McLaren Racing; Cawston is also the McLaren Racing Official Artist. Conceptual Contemporary Art; Cawston closed his Knightsbridge gallery in 2016, and ceased all his commercial art to concentrate on a collection of conceptual art. He has been planning and sourcing for this collection of sculptures for six years. The Title of the piece being... The Value of Life in Gold. The Value of Life in Gold appeared in Gstaad My Love magazine 2019 Cawston has raised funds by donating paintings to the Born Free Foundation, Breakthrough Breast Cancer, and The Bob Champion Cancer Trust. Stephen Cawston Stephen Cawston is an artist. Stephen Cawston was born 23rd January 1979 in Essex and grew up in Thame, Oxfordshire. His early schooling was at Fryerns Comprehensive School in Basildon. The School Motto Latin: Age Quod Agis (‘if you"
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"Iza Moszczeńska Izabela (Iza) Moszczeńska or Moszczeńska-Rzepecka (28 October 1864 – 20 March 1941) was a Polish feminist journalist, translator and suffragette. She was the first Polish author to advocate sex education for both girls and boys. Iza Moszczeńska was born on the family estate in Rzeczyca, Kingdom of Prussia (now Rzeczyca, Poland) on 28 October 1864. She was mostly educated at home, only receiving two years of formal schooling, although she gained fluency in English, French and German in addition to Polish. Before 1890 she taught the local children and began writing articles for various newspapers and magazines. During this time she visited Warsaw, the capital of Russian-controlled Congress Poland, to attend lectures at the Flying University (), a covert school for women who were forbidden to university by the Russians. Her father died in 1890 and the family estate had to be sold off so Moszczeńska and her mother moved to Warsaw where they started a secret girl's boarding school. She married Kazimierz Rzepecki, editor of the newspaper \"Great Poland Courier\" () in 1894 and moved to Prussian-controlled Poznan where she was co-editor of the newspaper. They moved to Lviv, in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1897 where she wrote for the local newspapers before moving to Warsaw the following year. Her husband died in 1902 and Moszczeńska translated books by William James and Ellen Key in addition to writing articles that appeared in numerous newspapers and literary magazines. She worked for the \"Warsaw Courier\" () from 1926 to 1939 and served on the Warsaw City Council from 1927 to 1934. After suffering two strokes in 1934 and 1937, she died in Warsaw on 20 March 1941. While living in Poznan, Moszczeńska began participating in the activities of local women's organizations, much to the displeasure of her husband's family. Iza Moszczeńska Izabela (Iza) Moszczeńska or Moszczeńska-Rzepecka (28 October 1864 – 20 March 1941) was a Polish feminist journalist, translator and suffragette. She was the first Polish author to advocate sex education for both girls and boys. Iza Moszczeńska was born on the family estate in Rzeczyca, Kingdom of Prussia (now Rzeczyca, Poland) on 28 October 1864. She was mostly educated at home, only receiving two years of formal schooling, although she gained fluency in English, French and German in addition to Polish. Before 1890 she taught the local children and began writing"
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"Tancrède Tancrède is a 1702 \"tragédie en musique\" (a French opera in the lyric tragedy tradition) in a prologue and five acts by composer André Campra and librettist Antoine Danchet, based on \"Gerusalemme liberata\" by Torquato Tasso. The opera contains 23 dances in addition to the singing, but is famous for the alleged first contralto role in French opera (though in modern terms more of a mezzo-soprano range) written for Julie d'Aubigny, known as 'La Maupin', the most colorful singer of this era, or any other. It's also notable for the unusual choice of three low-lying voices for the main male parts. \"Tancrède\" was first performed on 7 November 1702 by the Académie Royale de Musique at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris under the direction of Marin Marais. It was successful and remained in the repertoire until the 1760s. Tancrède Tancrède is a 1702 \"tragédie en musique\" (a French opera in the lyric tragedy tradition) in a prologue and five acts by composer André Campra and librettist Antoine Danchet, based on \"Gerusalemme liberata\" by Torquato Tasso. The opera contains 23 dances in addition to the singing, but is famous for the alleged first contralto role in French opera (though"
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"The Queen (play) The Queen, or The Excellency of Her Sex is a Caroline era tragicomedy. Though published anonymously in 1653, The play is now generally attributed to John Ford — making it a significant addition to the very limited canon of Ford's works. The date and circumstances of the play's authorship and performance are unknown, though scholars can draw some inferences from the little factual information available. The first quarto edition of 1653 was published by the actor-turned-bookseller Alexander Gough. Gough had earlier been a member of the King's Men, and had been part of the cast of that company's production of Ford's \"The Lover's Melancholy\" in late 1628 or 1629. This suggests that \"The Queen\" may also have been acted by the King's Men. Since Ford is thought to have written for the King's Men only early in his career – just two of his earlier plays were acted by the company — \"The Queen\" may be another early work. The play's internal evidence of style and textual preferences points to Ford; it shows, among other particulars, the pattern of unusual contractions (\"t'ee\" for \"to ye,\" \"d'ee\" for \"do ye,\" \"y'are\" for \"you are\") that typifies Ford's work. Furthermore, \"the work's incidence of rhymes and double and triple endings relative to that of Ford's other plays\" also favours an early date in Ford's career, which makes sense in terms of the King's Men connection. The assignment of the play to Ford, first made by the German scholar Willy Bang in 1906, is widely accepted. The quarto features Gough's dedication of the play to Catherine Mohun, the wife of Lord Warwick Mohun, Baron of Okehampton; and three sets of prefatory verses. Like \"The Lover's Melancholy\", \"The Queen\" shows a strong influence from Robert Burton's \"The Anatomy of Melancholy.\" Alphonso, the play's protagonist, is a defeated rebel against Aragon; he has been condemned to death and is about to be executed. The Queen of Aragon (otherwise unnamed) intercedes at the last moment, and learns that Alphonso's rebellion is rooted in his pathological misogyny; the prospect of being ruled by a woman was too much for him to bear. The Queen is struck with love at first sight; she is, in her way, just as irrational as Alphonso is in his. The Queen pardons Alphonso and marries him. Alphonso requests a seven-day separation, to enable him to set aside his feelings against women; and the Queen grants his request. The week extends to a month, and the new king still avoids his queen; the intercession of her counsellors, and even her own personal appeal, make no difference. In a bitter confrontation, Alphonso tells the Queen, \"I hate thy sex; of all thy sex, thee worst.\" One man, however, sees a solution to the problem. The psychologically sophisticated Muretto half-counsels, half-manipulates Alphonso into a more positive disposition toward the Queen. Muretto praises the Queen's beauty to Alphonso, and simultaneously arouses his jealousy by suggesting that she is sexually active outside her marriage. Muretto functions rather like a modern therapist to treat Alphonso's psychological imbalance. The psychological manipulation works, in the sense that Alphonso begins to value the Queen only after he thinks he has lost her to another man. Yet with two such passionate individuals, the reconciliation cannot come easily. Alphonso condemns the Queen to death; she can be reprieved only if a champion comes forth to defend her honour by meeting the king in single combat. The Queen, however, is determined to bow to her husband's will no matter the price, and demands that all her followers swear they will not step forward in her cause. The play's secondary plot deals with the love affair of the Queen's general Velasco, the valiant soldier who defeated Alphonso, and the widow Salassa. Velasco has the opposite problem from Alphonso: he idealises his love for Salassa, terming her \"the deity I adore;\" he allows her to dominate their relationship. (Velasco's friend and admirer Lodovico has a low opinion of Salassa, calling her a \"frail commodity,\" a \"paraquetto,\" a \"wagtail.\") Salassa indulges in her power over Velasco by asking him to give up all combat and conflict, or even wearing a sword and defending his reputation, for a period of two years. When he agrees, Velasco finds that he quickly loses his self-respect and the regard of others. He regains those qualities only when he steps forward as the Queen's champion, ready to meet the king on the field of honour. Before the duel can take place, however, the assembled courtiers protest the proceeding, and Muretto steps forward to explain his role in manipulating Alphonso's mind. Finally, Alphonso is convinced of the Queen's innocence, and repents his past harshness; their rocky relationship reaches a new tolerance and understanding. A humbled Salassa also resolves to give up her vain and selfiish ways to be a fit wife for Velasco. The play's comic relief is supplied by a group of minor characters – two quarrelling followers of Alphonso, the astrologer Pynto and a bluff captain named Bufo; plus Velasco's servant Mopas and the matchmaker/bawd Madame Shaparoon. The Velasco/Salassa subplot derives from Novel 13 in the \"Histoires Tragiques\" of François de Belleforest. The Queen (play) The Queen, or The Excellency of Her Sex is a Caroline era tragicomedy. Though published anonymously in 1653, The play is now generally attributed to John Ford — making it a significant addition"
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"After the Dance (song) \"After the Dance\" is a slow jam recorded by singer Marvin Gaye and released as the second single off Gaye's hit album \"I Want You\" (1976). Though it received modest success, the song was one of Marvin's best ballads and served as part of the template for quiet storm and urban contemporary ballads that came afterwards. Written by Marvin Gaye and his co-producer Leon Ware, the song narrates a moment where the author noticed a woman on \"Soul Train\" and convinces the girl to \"get together\" after the two shared a dance. Throughout the entire \"I Want You\" album, which was dedicated to Marvin's live-in lover Janis Hunter (who wrote a 2015 memoir entitled \"After the Dance: My Life with Marvin Gaye\"), the narrator — Gaye — brings up the dance concept in songs such as \"Since I Had You\". The song also served in a funky instrumental, which included a synthesizer solo performed by Marvin, who also played piano on the song and the entire album itself. The single came out on the strength of its success as a double-A side on the \"Billboard\" Club Songs chart, where it had peaked at number 10 alongside the album's hit title track. The song was Marvin's lowest-peaked pop single for the first time in 13 years since the B-side of his \"Can I Get a Witness\" titled \"I'm Crazy 'Bout My Baby\", peaking at number 74, ironically three places higher than \"I'm Crazy 'Bout My Baby\", while it was a bigger success on the R&B chart, peaking at number 14. The song has since been covered by a legion of jazz vocalists and groups including Fourplay, who covered it with longtime Gaye admirer, R&B singer El DeBarge, in 1991. Their version was released as a single that year and re-introduced newer listeners to Gaye's original. Hall & Oates covered the song on their 2004 album \"Our Kind of Soul\". During her \"Girlie Show\" concert in 1993, Madonna used the opening lyric of the song — \"Dance with me/c'mon, dance with me, baby\" — while performing \"Everybody\". \"After the Dance\" was also sampled by De La Soul on the track \"With Me\" from their 2000 album \"\", and by Nas on the track \"Play On Playa\" from his 2006 album \"Hip Hop is Dead\". After the Dance (song) \"After the Dance\" is a slow jam recorded by singer"
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"The Hanoi Hilton (film) The Hanoi Hilton is a 1987 Vietnam War film which focuses on the experiences of American prisoners of war who were held in the infamous Hoa Lo Prison in Hanoi during the 1960s and 1970s and the story is told from their perspectives. It was directed by Lionel Chetwynd, and stars Michael Moriarty, Ken Wright, and Paul Le Mat. The film portrays fictional characters, not specific American POWs. It earned less than $1 million in its initial theatrical release, but a Warner Bros. Home Entertainment VHS release gained a cult following, especially among veterans. A DVD release of the film had been anticipated for some time in 2008, with the package to include a new interview with former POW and 2008 presidential candidate John McCain. However, the film's release was suspended by Warner Bros. due to McCain being the Republican Party nominee. The week following the United States presidential election, 2008, the DVD went forward into release. The Hanoi Hilton (film) The Hanoi Hilton is a 1987 Vietnam War film which focuses on the experiences of American prisoners of war who were held in the infamous Hoa Lo Prison in Hanoi during the 1960s and 1970s"
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"Ptinidae Ptinidae is a family of beetles in the superfamily Bostrichoidea. There are at least 220 genera and 2,200 described species in Ptinidae worldwide. The family includes spider beetles and deathwatch beetles. There are three main groups in the superfamily Bostrichoidea: Bostrichidae, Anobiidae, and Ptinidae. These have undergone frequent changes in hierarchical classification since their inception. They have been treated as a single family, three independent families, the two families Bostrichidae and Anobiidae, or the two families Bostrichidae and Ptinidae. More recent literature treats these as the two families Bostrichidae and Ptinidae, with Anobiidae a subfamily of Ptinidae (Anobiinae). Spider beetles are so named because they look like spiders. Some species have long legs, antennae that can seem like an additional pair of legs, and a body shape that may appear superficially like that of a spider. Deathwatch beetles are named because of a clicking noise that two (and possibly more) species tend to make in the walls of houses and other buildings. This clicking noise is designed to communicate with potential mates, but has historically caused fear of impending death during times of plague and sickness. The larvae of a number of Ptinidae species tend to bore into wood, earning them the name \"woodworm\" or \"wood borer\". Several species are pests, causing damage to wooden furniture, house structures, tobacco, and dried food products. The deathwatch beetles \"Xestobium rufovillosum\", \"Hemicoelus carinatus\", and \"Hemicoelus gibbicollis\" are economically significant pests, damaging flooring, joists, and other timber in housing. The \"furniture beetle\", \"Anobium punctatum\", is a species that is often found emerging from in-home wood furnishings. The \"drugstore beetle\", \"Stegobium paniceum\", is known to infest a variety of stored materials, including bread, flour, cereal, prescription drugs, strychnine powder, packaged foods, and even Egyptian tombs. The \"Cigarette beetle,\" \"Lasioderma serricornea\", is a widespread and destructive pest of harvested and manufactured tobacco. Damage and economic losses from \"Lasioderma serricornea\" infestations were estimated by the USDA to be 0.7% of the total warehoused tobacco commodity in 1971. Ptinidae Ptinidae is a family of beetles in the superfamily Bostrichoidea. There are at least 220 genera and 2,200 described species in Ptinidae worldwide. The family includes spider beetles and deathwatch beetles. There are three main groups in the superfamily Bostrichoidea: Bostrichidae, Anobiidae, and Ptinidae. These have undergone frequent changes in hierarchical classification since their inception. They have been treated as a single family, three independent families, the two"
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"Astley Green Colliery Museum The Astley Green Colliery Museum is a museum run by the Red Rose Steam Society in Astley near Tyldesley in Greater Manchester, England. () Before becoming a museum, the site was a working colliery that produced coal from 1912 to 1970; it is now protected as a Scheduled Monument. The museum occupies a site by the Bridgewater Canal which has the only surviving pit headgear and engine house on the Lancashire Coalfield. Astley Green Colliery exploited deep coal seams of the Manchester Coalfield underneath the peat bog known as Chat Moss, and was driven by the high demand for coal during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and the exhaustion of supplies of coal in the Irwell Valley. Shaft sinking began in 1908 by the Pilkington Colliery Company, a subsidiary of the Clifton and Kersley Coal Company, and the pit began production in 1912. In 1928 the colliery was amalgamated with other local collieries to form Manchester Collieries. The mine was modernised when the coal industry was nationalised in 1947. Astley Green Colliery was closed in 1970 and was subsequently opened to the public as a museum. Astley Green Colliery has the only surviving headgear and engine house on what was the Lancashire coalfield. The headgear is made from wrought iron lattice girders with rivetted plates at the joints. It has two large and one small wheel mounted at the top. It is nearly high and was built by Head Wrightson of Stockton-on-Tees and completed by 1912. In the winding house there is a twin tandem compound steam engine made by Yates and Thom of Blackburn who supplied 16 Lancashire boilers. Its engine house has the largest steam winding engine used on the coalfield. The 3,300 horse power twin tandem compound engine was built by Yates & Thom in Blackburn. The museum also has a collection of 28 colliery locomotives, the largest such collection in the UK. Astley Green Colliery Museum The Astley Green Colliery Museum is a museum run by the Red Rose Steam Society in Astley near Tyldesley in Greater Manchester, England. () Before becoming a museum, the site was a working colliery that produced coal from 1912 to 1970; it is now protected as a Scheduled Monument. The museum occupies a site by the Bridgewater Canal which has the only surviving pit headgear and engine house on the Lancashire Coalfield. Astley Green"
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"Niikappu, Hokkaido The town was established September 1881. Niikappu stretches from the Pacific Ocean of southeast Hokkaido north to the Hidaka Mountains along the Niikappu River. The town covers a total area of 585.88 km². Its highest point is Mount Poroshiri, and the lowest is at the coast. The town runs East-West and North-South The town is mainly known for production of racehorses, including Haiseiko, Narita Brian, and Oguri Cap. Other popular exports include kelp, green capsicum, and milk. Niikappu has a large collection of records, preserved in Japan's largest vinyl record museum. In the Taiyo district of Niikappu lies the Forest of the Sun Dimaccio Museum, a converted elementary school dedicated to housing the works of French artist Gerard Dimaccio. Other features of Niikappu include: Niikappu, Hokkaido The town was established September 1881. Niikappu stretches from the Pacific Ocean of southeast Hokkaido north to the Hidaka Mountains along the Niikappu River. The town covers a total area of 585.88 km². Its highest point is Mount Poroshiri, and the lowest is at the coast. The town runs East-West and North-South The town is mainly known for production of racehorses, including Haiseiko, Narita Brian, and Oguri Cap. Other popular exports include"
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"Brad Fraser Brad Fraser (born June 28, 1959 in Edmonton, Alberta) is a Canadian playwright, screenwriter and cultural commentator. He is one of the most widely produced Canadian playwrights both in Canada and internationally. His plays typically feature a harsh yet comical view of contemporary life in Canada, including frank depictions of sexuality, drug use and violence. Fraser has also been known to tweet occasional criticism to various journalists, at least one of whom altered Fraser's Wikipedia entry to include an insult which has since been removed. Fraser first came to his prominence as a playwright with \"Unidentified Human Remains and the True Nature of Love\", an episodically structured play about a group of thirtysomethings trying to find their way through life in Edmonton, Alberta, while the city is haunted by a serial killer. It was a hit at the Alberta Theatre Projects' playRites '89. The play was named one of the 10 Best Plays of 1992 by \"Time Magazine\". While the New York production of \"Unidentified Human Remains and the True Nature of Love\" attracted significant attention, Fraser has not directed his career toward New York. Indeed, his next script, \"Poor Super Man\", had its premiere in Cincinnati, Ohio. Coming three years after the 1991 Robert Mapplethorpe controversy in Cincinnati, \"Poor Super Man\" inspired international headlines when the board of directors of Ensemble Theatre of Cincinnati temporarily canceled the production because of its anticipated obscenity. After a public outcry, the production was reinstated. \"Poor Super Man\" opened without incident. Fraser won London's \"Evening Standard Award\" for \"Unidentified Human Remains and the True Nature of Love\" in 1993. Porter Anderson, theater columnist for New York's \"Village Voice\", conceded that \"Unidentified Human Remains and the True Nature of Love\" was \"under-rated during its 1991 run at the Orpheum\", and that the play \"had a grunge sensuality that could seduce a young audience to live theatre\" and a \"slasher plot [that] ripped away at the exhausted cynicism of alienated Canadian youths\". Fraser also has written two films, \"Love and Human Remains\" based on his play \"Unidentified Human Remains...\" and \"Leaving Metropolis\", both adaptations of his plays. He has also written for the television series \"Queer as Folk\", was host of his own Toronto-based television talk show, \"Jawbreaker\", and for a period of time wrote a biweekly column for the Canadian gay magazine \"fab\". Keanu Reeves had his first acting role in the Toronto production of Fraser's play \"Wolfboy\" in the year 1985 at Theatre Passe Muraille, Toronto, Ontario. Brad Fraser Brad Fraser (born June 28, 1959 in Edmonton, Alberta) is a Canadian playwright, screenwriter and cultural commentator. He is one of the most widely produced Canadian playwrights both in Canada and internationally. His plays typically feature a harsh yet comical view of contemporary life in Canada, including frank depictions of sexuality, drug use and violence. Fraser has also been known to tweet occasional criticism to various journalists, at least one of whom altered Fraser's Wikipedia entry to include an insult which has"
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"Jean Chong Jean Chong is a Singaporean LGBT rights activist. She co-founded Sayoni, a LGBT rights organization, and serves as one of the leaders of the ASEAN Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Gender Expression Caucus, an activist collective. Chong holds a Master's degree in Human Rights and Democratization. Chong was raised in Singapore. Growing up as a lesbian, she \"always wished there were lesbian role models.\" She first started in her activism by volunteering with a gay Christian support network, Safehaven, and became their first female vice chairperson. Subsequently, she co-founded an inclusive church, Free (First Realize Everyone is Equal) Community Church and served as their chairperson. Looking to expand her horizons in helping others, she went on to be a part of the core team of a LGBT federation, People Like Us in Singapore. She is also currently a part of the ASEAN SOGIE Caucus, a regional network of South East Asia LGBTIQ groups lobbying for the inclusion of LGBTIQ rights in the ASEAN Human Rights Mechanism. Jean Chong Jean Chong is a Singaporean LGBT rights activist. She co-founded Sayoni, a LGBT rights organization, and serves as one of the leaders of the ASEAN Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and"
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"Sunlun Sayadaw Sunlun Sayadaw, (born \"U Kyaw Din\"; 1878 - 1952) was a renowned Burmese Sayadaw and vipassanā meditation master of Theravada Buddhism. He was named for Sunlun village, which is near Myingyan, middle Burma. U Kyaw Din was a farmer who took up the practice of anapanasati (in-out breath) meditation on his own, with little instruction other than discussing it with two local friends. He practiced seriously and strenuously on his own and attained the first three stages of enlightenment 1920 before joining a monastery and becoming an arahat. Even though he was barely literate, he became a popular meditation teacher among the monks. There are currently several monasteries teaching Sunlun style practice in Burma such as the Sunlun Monastery of S. Okkalapa. Sunlun Sayadaw taught an intense form of meditation which is done for a period of over 2 hours. The first 45 minutes includes strong, rapid and vigorous breathing, focusing on the sensation in the nose or upper lip. After this initial period, the meditators are to attend to mindfulness of sensations (vedana), especially any bodily pains, continuing without any movement for the rest of the 2 to 3 hour period. Sunlun Sayadaw Sunlun Sayadaw, (born \"U"
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"Right-wing dictatorship A right-wing dictatorship (sometimes also referred to as a rightist dictatorship) is an authoritarian (or sometimes totalitarian) regime whose policy could be called right-wing. There are various definitions of the term \"rightist\". The broadest one includes all dictatorships that do not consider themselves communist. Those are usually pro-capitalist in economic matters and conservative in ideological ones. The term fascist dictatorship is sometimes used interchangeably with the right-wing one. It is commonly accepted that Nazi Germany and the Kingdom of Italy were ruled by fascist governments at some points of their history, but how it refers to other right-wing regimes is a question of further debate. The Estado Novo in Portugal was a right-wing dictatorship which was corporatist in nature. Most South American dictatorships during the second half of the 20th century were right-wing: Pinochet, the Brazilian Military Government, etc. There have also been a number of military dictatorships installed by anti-communists which were generally conservative and rightist. In the most common Western view, the perfect example of a right-wing dictatorship is any of those that once ruled in South America. Those regimes were predominantly military juntas and most of them collapsed in the 1980s. Communist countries, which were very cautious about not revealing their authoritarian methods of rule to the public, were usually led by civilian governments and officers taking power were not much welcomed there. Few exceptions include the Burmese Way to Socialism (Burma, 1966–1988), the Military Council of National Salvation (People's Republic of Poland, 1981–1983) or the North Korean regime's evolution throughout the rule of Kim Il-sung. Most right-wing regimes kept strong ties with local Churches (usually the Roman Catholic ones since most of those regimes happened in Catholic countries). This policy of a strong Church-state alliance is usually referred to as Austrofascism. The most pro-Catholic dictatorships were Portugal (1933–1974) and the Federal State of Austria (1934–1938). Non-Christian dictatorships include those in the Muslim world, the most famous being Iran since the revolution of 1979. There are several other examples of theocratic (and therefore right-wing) regimes in the region, like Somalia or Afghanistan under the Taliban. While it is unclear whether a monarchy could be called a dictatorship, theocratic absolute monarchies of Saudi Arabia or Vatican City share many similarities with the regimes mentioned above. Many of those are/were led by spiritual leaders and examples include the Slovak Republic under the Reverend Josef Tiso or Iran under the Ayatollahs Khomeini (1979–1989) and Khamenei (1989–present). Some right-wing dictatorships, like the Nazi Germany, were even openly hostile to certain religions. In some post-communist countries, people involved in the previous regime took power in the years following the end of the Cold War. The most famous example of a European dictatorship of that sort is Belarus under Alexander Lukashenko. Belarus and Azerbaijan were both considered \"authoritarian regimes\" by the Democracy Index as of 2008. Freedom House marks them \"not-free states\" together with Russia, so whether Russia is a dictatorship or just a seriously flawed democracy is a question of further debate. All three governments are non-communist and especially in Russia sometimes stay in total opposition to the communist parties, therefore they could be called right-wing as well. Considering a right-wing dictatorship any non-democratic (non-parliamentary or pseudo-parliamentary political system, suppression of basic freedoms such as association and speech, prosecution of opponents, etc.) regime that is not communist, the list of European examples would be as following: Right-wing dictatorship A right-wing dictatorship (sometimes also referred to as a rightist dictatorship) is an authoritarian (or sometimes totalitarian) regime whose policy could be called right-wing. There are various definitions of the term \"rightist\"."
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"Bombus crotchii Bombus crotchii is a species of bumblebee known by the common name Crotch's bumblebee. It is native to California in the United States and Baja California in Mexico and has also been reported from Nevada. This bee lives in grassland and scrub habitat types. It nests underground. Its food plants include milkweeds, dustymaidens, lupines, medics, phacelias, and sages. This bee tolerates hotter and drier habitat types than do most bumblebees. This is an endangered species. It is thought to have declined about 67% from its historic range, at least within the United States. It was once common in the Central Valley of California, but it is now hard to find there. This region has experienced urbanization and intensive agriculture, events that are thought to have contributed to the decline of the species. Bombus crotchii Bombus crotchii is a species of bumblebee known by the common name Crotch's bumblebee. It is native to California in the United States and Baja California in Mexico and has also been reported from Nevada. This bee lives in grassland and scrub habitat types. It nests underground. Its food plants include milkweeds, dustymaidens, lupines, medics, phacelias, and sages. This bee tolerates hotter and drier"
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"Eiffel Tower (Paris, Tennessee) Tennessee's Eiffel Tower is a landmark in the city of Paris, Tennessee. Built in the early 1990s, this structure is a model of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. Engineering students at Christian Brothers University originally constructed the tower to commemorate the 1990 Memphis in May festival. Each year, the festival honors a country, and 1990 focused on France. According to Brother Patrick O'Brien, a public relations official for the university at the time: \"[the tower] was the centerpiece of one of our most popular quads.\" Regardless, the wooden tower was a temporary structure. Moreover, it could not remain at the university because students began to climb it even though it could not support their weight. In April 1991, the Paris-Henry County Chamber of Commerce sponsored \"Paris U.S.A.,\" an event created to celebrate the shared charm of the fifteen U.S. cities named for the French capital. Representatives from five Parises accepted their invitations to enjoy Paris U.S.A. in Paris, Tennessee. During the fall of that year, Brother Patrick O'Brien remembered the celebration and asked Paris if it would be interested in accepting a scale replica of the Eiffel Tower. The city accepted, and the job began. The tower was designed to scale by Tom Morrison, professor emeritus of civil engineering; Jim Jacobs, assistant professor of mechanical engineering; and Roland Raffanti, engineering lab technician, from Christian Brothers University. According to Brother Patrick O'Brien, Morrison designed the model based on the original drawings of Gustave Eiffel. At tall, the tower is a nearly perfect 1:20 scale replica of the original. Built through the labor of more than 10,000 hours donated by CBU students, faculty, alumni, and friends, the tower contains 500 pieces of Douglas fir and 6,000 steel rods. The monument was assembled in CBU's Buckman Quadrangle. After CBU dismantled the tower, the parts were delivered to Paris in February 1992 and given two coats of paint. The Paris Public Works Department reassembled the tower in Memorial Park. The landmark was dedicated January 29, 1993. Paris acknowledged CBU's generous gesture with a joyful dedication ceremony and a plaque at the base of the tower. After deterioration to the wood structure, Keith Jackson, owner of Precision Grinding and Metals of Paris, recreated the original wood replica into a steel structure that still stands today. To accomplish the feat, PGM constructed the tower in three sections and trailered each section to Memorial Park where it was finally erected. Eiffel Tower (Paris, Tennessee) Tennessee's Eiffel Tower is a landmark in the city of Paris, Tennessee. Built in the early 1990s, this structure is a model of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. Engineering students at Christian Brothers University originally constructed the tower to commemorate the 1990 Memphis in May festival. Each year, the festival honors a country, and 1990 focused on France. According to Brother Patrick O'Brien, a public relations official for the university at the time: \"[the tower] was the centerpiece of one of our most popular quads.\" Regardless, the"
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"33m2 33m2 (33 square meters) () is a Ukrainian DIY retail network of markets and supermarkets with area under 5000 sqm. The first market of the retail network was opened in Kherson in 1992. As of 2018, the retail network 33m2 consisted of 40 markets and supermarkets, including markets under titles: \"Stroy-ka\", interior light salon \"Lampochka\", interior plumbing salon \"Poseydon\", and \"Mercury\" trading center. The retail network is located in the following regions of Ukraine: Kherson, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Dniepropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhya regions. The range of products are shown in the following products' categories: building materials and household items, home improvement, goods for subsistence farming, household appliances 33m2 33m2 (33 square meters) () is a Ukrainian DIY retail network of markets and supermarkets with area under 5000 sqm. The first market of the retail network was opened in Kherson in 1992. As of 2018, the retail network 33m2 consisted of 40 markets and supermarkets, including markets under titles: \"Stroy-ka\", interior light salon \"Lampochka\", interior plumbing salon \"Poseydon\", and \"Mercury\" trading center. The retail network is located in the following regions of Ukraine: Kherson, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Dniepropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhya regions. The range of products are shown in the following products' categories: building"
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"SV Eintracht Trier 05 SV Eintracht Trier 05 is a German association football club based in Trier, Rhineland-Palatinate. It was formed on 11 March 1948 out of the merger of Westmark 05 Trier and Eintracht Trier 06, on the 43rd anniversary of the establishment of predecessor Trier Fußball Club 05. The team badge incorporates Trier's most famous landmark, the Porta Nigra, an ancient Roman city gate still standing in Germany's oldest city. Trier FC was established 11 March 1905 and in 1911 was renamed Sport-Verein 05 Trier. In 1930, 05, Fußballverein Kürenz, and Polizei SV Trier were joined to form SV Westmark 05 Trier. The origins of Eintracht Trier are in the 1906 establishment of Fußball Club Moselland 06 Trier. In 1920, the club joined with FV Fortuna 1910 Trier to create Vereinigte Rasenspieler 1906 Trier, which the following year merged with SV Alemannia 1909 Trier to form SV Eintracht 06 Trier. Westmark and Eintracht played first in the Bezirksliga Rhein-Saar and then in the Gauliga Mittelrhein, one of 16 top-flight divisions formed through the 1933 re-organization of German football under the Third Reich. Westmark appeared in the opening rounds of the Tschammerpokal, predecessor of today's DFB-Pokal (German Cup) in 1936, advancing past FV Saarbrücken (3–1), before being put out in the next round by VfB Stuttgart\" (0–1). Both Trier teams were relegated in 1936 and did not re-appear in the top-flight until 1941 when they were both promoted to the Gauliga Moselland, Gruppe West. Westmark was relegated at the end of the season, however Eintracht fared slightly better, lasting a further two seasons before being sent down. Player shortage during World War II forced the mergers of many clubs into combined wartime clubs known as Kriegspielgemeinshaft, and in 1943, the two clubs were joined as KSG Eintracht/Westmark Trier. The team won only a single point in 11 matches, conceding 52 goals and scoring just 13. By 1944, the region was strongly affected by the war and matches of the Gauliga Moselland were eventually suspended. The two clubs re-emerged as separate sides after the conflict but joined to one club on 11 March 1948 as SV Eintracht Trier 05. The newly combined side resumed playing in the top-flight Oberliga Südwest (Gruppe Nord), but were never a serious contender at that level, consistently finishing well behind the leaders. By the time the Bundesliga, the new nationwide professional football league, was formed in 1963, the club played in the second division. They continued to play tier II football in the Regionalliga Südwest until slipping to the Amateurliga Rheinland (III) in 1973. Eintracht's second team amateur side had also made an appearance in the Amateurliga for a single season in 1970–71. The senior side performed well in the Amateurliga after their descent, but failed in a bid to advance at the end of the 1975–76 season after winning their division and then finishing second in the relegation play-off group. The following year, Trier again captured the Amateurliga title, but this time were successful in their bid to move up to the 2. Bundesliga Süd. However, they performed poorly there and were in 17th place at the end of the 1976–77 campaign. The club avoided relegation only because Röchling Völklingen, who had finished above Eintracht, were denied a license for financial reasons. Trier was able to turn their narrow escape into a five-year stay in the second division. In 1981, the Nord and Süd divisions of the 2. Bundesliga were combined, and the number of teams playing tier II football reduced from 42 to 20. Trier missed the cut with an 8th place finish and found themselves playing in the Amateuroberliga Südwest (III). The club went on to perform well through the next decade and on into the mid-1990s, earning a string of top three finishes which included Amateurliga titles in 1986, 1993, and 1994 and consecutive German Amateur Championships in 1988 and 1989. They also enjoyed an extended run in the 1998 DFB-Pokal (German Cup) tournament, advancing to the semi-finals before finally being put out by MSV Duisburg in a match that ended in a 1–1 draw before being decided 9–10 on penalty kicks. However, the team failed in four opportunities (1987, 1992, 1993, 1999) to win its way back to second division play and remained a mid-table side in the Regionalliga West/Südwest and Regionalliga West for most of the 1990s and on into the new millennium. From 2002 to 2005, the club enjoyed a three-season spell in the 2. Bundesliga, earning their highest finish with a 7th place result in 2003. The decline of the club began with relegation to the Regionalliga (III) in 2005. Club manager Paul Linz resigned and was replaced by former \"Trier\" Captain Micheal Prus. The start of the Regionalliga season was disappointing and led to replacement of the former manager with Eugen Hach in October 2005, which however failed to stop the decline. The team was again relegated and started the 2006–07 season in the Oberliga Südwest (IV). The aim of the club was promotion straight back to the Regionalliga and the men in charge of this challenge were Adnan Kevric and Roland Seitz. However, Seitz left to take over at SC Paderborn within just a few days of his appointment. Kevric was to see out the rest of the season with the team before resigning his position on 3 March 2007 after a 2–0 home defeat at the hands of FV Engers 07 which finally ended all hopes for promotion. Herbert Herres then took over as head coach, but he in turn resigned as manager on 3 April 2007 following a 3–1 defeat against SpVgg EGC Wirges. Former player Werner Kartz took over until the end of the season. Under Kartz the team was able to lift itself once again and even managed to win the Rhineland Cup after a 2–1 victory over TuS on 7 June 2007, leading to qualification to the opening round of the DFB-Pokal. On 5 August 2007, Trier met FC Schalke 04 at the sold out Moselstadion with tickets for this event changing hands on eBay for over 60 euros per ticket. Trier did not stand a chance and was beaten 9:0 by the Bundesliga side. The plan for the 2007–08 season was to finish in the top four of the Oberliga Südwest (IV) to ensure promotion into the newly formed Regionalliga West (IV) for the 2008–09 season. The team met this objective in a 5–0 win over Eintracht Bad Kreuznach that locked their place in the top four. It played in this league until 2012 when it became part of the new Regionalliga Südwest. In 1934, the club built its present home The Moselstadion. The Moselstadion is set in the midst of a sports site with several sports fields and tennis courts surrounding it. The stadium holds a maximum of 10,254 spectators with approximately 2,000 seats and terracing for a further 8,000 spectators, of which 2,000 spaces are covered. The stadium has been gradually improved since it was built culminating in the erection of floodlight masts in 1998 in time for the DFB-Pokal semi-final against Duisburg. The stadium no longer conforms to the DFL licensing regulations and there are plans for a new, modern stadium in Trier, however following the relegation of the club to the Oberliga Südwest these plans are currently on hold. Directors \"Chairman\" \"Vice-President\" Sports \"Head Coach\" \"Assistant Coach\" \"Goalkeeper Coach\" \"Team-Doctor\" Physiotherapist\" Staff: \"Head Coach\" \"Assistant Coach\" \"Goalkeeper Coach\" The club's honours: Recent managers of the club: The recent season-by-season performance of the club: To mark the 100-year anniversary of the club in 2005 Leiendecker Bloas wrote the club anthem \"Für uns geddet nur Eintracht Trier (2005)\" The club also use the terrace anthem You'll Never Walk Alone to inspire the team and is usually sung as the team enters the pitch. SV Eintracht Trier 05 SV Eintracht Trier 05 is a German association football club based in Trier, Rhineland-Palatinate. It was formed on 11 March 1948 out of the merger of Westmark 05 Trier and Eintracht Trier 06, on the 43rd anniversary of the",
"Directors \"Chairman\" \"Vice-President\" Sports \"Head Coach\" \"Assistant Coach\" \"Goalkeeper Coach\" \"Team-Doctor\" Physiotherapist\" Staff: \"Head Coach\" \"Assistant Coach\" \"Goalkeeper Coach\" The club's honours: Recent managers of the club: The recent season-by-season performance of the club: To mark the 100-year anniversary of the club in 2005 Leiendecker Bloas wrote the club anthem \"Für uns geddet nur Eintracht Trier (2005)\" The club also use the terrace anthem You'll Never Walk Alone to inspire the team and is usually sung as the team enters the pitch. SV Eintracht Trier 05 SV Eintracht Trier 05 is a German association football club based in Trier, Rhineland-Palatinate. It was formed on 11 March 1948 out of the merger of Westmark 05 Trier and Eintracht Trier 06, on the 43rd anniversary of the establishment of predecessor Trier Fußball Club 05. The team badge incorporates Trier's most famous landmark, the Porta Nigra, an ancient Roman city gate still standing in Germany's oldest city. Trier FC was established 11 March 1905 and in 1911 was renamed Sport-Verein 05 Trier. In 1930, 05, Fußballverein Kürenz, and Polizei"
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"Coventry to Nuneaton line The Coventry to Nuneaton Line is a railway line linking Coventry and Nuneaton in the West Midlands of England. The line has a passenger service. It is also used by through freight trains, and freight trains serving facilities on the route. The current passenger stations on the route are Nuneaton, Bermuda Park, Bedworth, Coventry Arena and Coventry. Freight services run to Bedworth Murco Oil Terminal and Prologis Park Industrial Estate. The line has previously served many other small stations and now-closed goods yards. Until 2016, the only intermediate station on the route was Bedworth. On 14 December 2011, the UK Government announced an £18.8 million project to upgrade the line, which included new stations at the Ricoh Arena and Bermuda Park (opened January 2016), lengthening of the platforms at Bedworth, and increasing the service frequency from hourly to half-hourly. The line is currently not electrified, but it was proposed to electrify it at 25 kV AC overhead as part of the Electric Spine scheme. This scheme has been put on hold along with other electrification projects. All passenger services on the line are operated by West Midlands Trains who run an hourly service in each direction, provided by a single coach Class 153 diesel unit. In July 2016 it was announced that a prototype three coach unit, would be trialled on the line for an initial period of 12 months. The unit consists of three rebuilt carriages of a former London Underground D78 Stock train. After the prototype unit caught fire in December 2016, it was announced in January 2017 that the planned trial had been cancelled. Freight trains also use the line, travelling from the Chiltern Main Line via Leamington Spa, heading towards the West Coast Main Line. The line was built for the London and North Western Railway and was opened on 2 September 1850. On 26 January 1857, 23 of the 28 arches of the Spon End viaduct collapsed. This meant trains travelling south terminated at while the viaduct was rebuilt. This took three and a half years to complete and services to Coventry were restored on 1 October 1860. The line originally had intermediate stations at , , , , and . In 1917, was opened between Coundon Road and Foleshill. But this was a private halt for the use of workers at the adjacent Daimler factory, and was not accessible to the general public. There were also various branches and sidings running from the line to serve local coal mines and factories, the longest of which was the 'Coventry Loop Line' (see below) The line came under the ownership of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) in 1922, and then British Railways in 1948. The little-used Longford and Exhall station was closed in 1949. All of the other intermediate stations were closed on 18 January 1965 (along with those on the Coventry to Leamington Line) when passenger services were withdrawn as a consequence of \"The Reshaping of British Railways\" report. Following this, the line became freight-only for the next 22 years. British Rail restored passenger services to the line on 11 May 1987, under the Speller Act. Initially there were no intermediate stations on the re-opened line until 16 May 1988 when the rebuilt Bedworth station was opened. The Coventry Loop Line was a freight-only branch which ran from Three Spires Junction on the Coventry–Nuneaton Line to Humber Road Junction on the Coventry–Rugby Line. The line was built so freight trains could avoid running through Coventry station, and was first opened in 1914. It had two goods stations at Bell Green and Gosford Green, as well as a number of sidings serving local industries, but never had any scheduled passenger service, although passenger trains occasionally used the line as a diversionary route during engineering works. Humber Road Junction was closed in 1963, after goods traffic dwindled, and so the branch became a long siding from Three Spires Junction. The last traffic to the Chrysler factory ended in 1981, and the rest of the branch closed in September that year. The track was lifted in 1982. Much of the former trackbed of the line has since been built over as part of the A444 Phoenix Way. The line runs near to the Ricoh Arena stadium on the northern edge of Coventry. Funding for two new stations, Coventry Arena and Bermuda Park, was approved in December 2011. New plans will also see the number of carriages increased from 1 to 3 and the service upgraded to half hourly, a new platform built at Coventry station and also future extensions of the line to and . After the completion of the Electric Spine project, such a service would be operated by electric multiple units. On 26 June 2014 Buckingham Group were announced as the company awarded the contract to build the two new stations. Work on building the stations started in October 2014 with the stations opening on 18 January 2016, however the upgrade at Coventry station to allow additional train services between Coventry and Nuneaton, calling at the new stations, will not be ready until summer 2017. From December 2019, services on the Coventry to Nuneaton route will be significantly upgraded by West Midlands Trains, with the current single-car Class 153s replaced by 2-car units, and the number of services doubled following the opening of the intended new platform at Coventry. Saturdays (which will coincide with games at the Ricoh Arena) will see three trains per hour in each direction. Coventry to Nuneaton line The Coventry to Nuneaton Line is a railway line linking Coventry and Nuneaton in the West Midlands of England. The line has a passenger service. It is also used by through freight trains, and freight trains serving facilities on the route. The current passenger stations on the route are Nuneaton, Bermuda Park, Bedworth, Coventry Arena and Coventry. Freight services run to Bedworth Murco Oil Terminal and Prologis Park Industrial Estate. The line has previously served many other small"
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"John Birnie Philip John Birnie Philip (23 November 1824 in London – 2 March 1875 in London) was a nineteenth-century English sculptor. Much of his work was carried out for the architect Sir George Gilbert Scott. He was born in London, the son of William and Elizabeth Philip. He studied at the Government School of Design at Somerset House in London under John Rogers Herbert, and then at Herbert's own newly-opened school in Maddox Street. He went on to work in Pugin's wood carving workshop at the Palace of Westminster before setting up his own studio. Much of his work was carried out for the Gothic Revival architect Sir George Gilbert Scott. At St Michael, Cornhill, in the City of London, he carved the decorations for the porch built by Scott as part of his Gothic embellishment of Wren's church. They included an elaborate tympanum sculpture depicting \"St Michael disputing with Satan\", which he exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1858, his first work to be shown there. He did further carvings for the interior of the building. As part of Scott's restoration of St Mary's chapel at Sudeley Castle, Philip made a font and reredos, and a white marble effigy for the canopied tomb of Catherine Parr. The effigy was shown – unfinished – at the Royal Academy in 1859. In 1863–64 Scott commissioned him, along with Henry Hugh Armstead (1828–1905), to make the podium frieze (known as the \"Frieze of Parnassus\") on the Albert Memorial in Kensington Gardens. Philip carved the images of architects (including Scott himself) on the west side of the monument, and those of the sculptors on the north. As well as his work on the frieze, he modelled the bronze allegorical statues of \"Geometry\", \"Philosophy\", \"Geology\" and \"Physiology\" for niches on the western side of the canopy, and the gilt metal angels on the spire. At the time of the commission, Philip and Armstead were little known compared to the other sculptors working on the memorial. Elsewhere in London, he produced allegorical figures (including \"Art\", \"Law\" and \"Commerce\") for the front of Scott's Foreign and Commonwealth Office on Whitehall, eight figures of monarchs for the Royal Gallery in the Palace of Westminster (1868–69), a \"young woman in classical drapery floating forward on a small cloud\" on a drinking fountain in West Smithfield Square (1870) and the decorations, depicting plants and birds, on the Portland stone capitals of the piers of Blackfriars Bridge. In 1874, the year before his death, he was paid £312 for carving \"the Relievos etc.\" on the entrance porch at the Royal Academy's Burlington House His works in churches and cathedrals include the reredoses for Ely Cathedral, St. George's Chapel, Windsor and Lichfield Cathedral, decorative work at Wakefield Cathedral, the tomb of Dean Lyall in Canterbury Cathedral and the tomb of Lt Col Willoughby Moore in York Minster. Often commissioned to make commemorative municipal works, Philip produced a bust of Richard Cobden for the Halifax Chamber of Commerce (1867), a statue of the humanitarian Richard Oastler, now situated in Northgate, Bradford, and one of the Reverend Robert Hall in De Montfort Square, Leicester. His last work was the statue of Edward Akroyd, M.P., erected at Halifax. The work, in bronze, had been designed and partially modelled by Philip at the time of his death, and was completed by his assistant Ceccardo Egidio Fucigna. Much earlier, Philip had been responsible for the elaborate carving in Scott's church of All Souls, Haley Hill, Halifax, founded by Akroyd in 1856. His apprentices included Thomas Stirling Lee. He married Frances Black in 1853. They had ten children, including a daughter, Beatrice (also called 'Beatrix' or 'Trixie'), who married James McNeill Whistler in 1888. Their daughter Ethel married the writer Charles Whibley. Birnie's youngest daughter Rosalind Birnie Philip acted as Whistler's companion, secretary and house-keeper after Beatrice's death, and was appointed his executrix. From December 1900 to February 1901 Birnie's son Ronald accompanied Whistler on a trip to the Morocco, Algiers and Corsica. Beatrice, Ronald, Ethel and Rosalind all modelled for him at various times, as did their mother Frances. His eldest daughter, Constance, married the artist Cecil Gordon Lawson. He died of bronchitis at his home, Merton Villa, King's Road, Chelsea on 2 March 1875, and was buried in Brompton Cemetery. John Birnie Philip John Birnie Philip (23 November 1824 in London – 2 March 1875 in London) was a nineteenth-century English sculptor. Much of his work was carried out for the architect Sir George Gilbert Scott. He was born in London, the son of William and Elizabeth Philip. He studied at the Government School of Design at Somerset House in London under John Rogers Herbert, and then at Herbert's own newly-opened school in Maddox Street. He went on to work in Pugin's wood carving"
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"Mount Fremont Mount Fremont is a summit located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Sourdough Mountains, a subset of the Cascade Range. Mount Fremont is situated northwest of the Sunrise Historic District, with a popular trail leading to the Mount Fremont Fire Lookout. However, this trail does not reach the true summit, and access is further limited by snowpack closing the Sunrise Road much of the year. July, August, and September are typically the months when the Sunrise Road is seasonally open for vehicle traffic. Second Burroughs Mountain is its nearest higher peak, to the southwest. Precipitation runoff from Mount Fremont drains into the White River. Mount Fremont is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades. As a result, the west side of the Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall.During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. Mount Fremont honors John C. Frémont (1813-1890), who was an American explorer, politician, and soldier. His explorations of the Oregon Territory stimulated the American desire to own that region. His journals recorded that Mount Rainier was erupting in November 1843. Mount Fremont Mount Fremont is a summit located in Mount Rainier National"
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"Michael Muhammad Knight Michael Muhammad Knight (born 1977) is an American novelist, essayist, and journalist. His writings are popular among American Muslim youth. The \"San Francisco Chronicle\" described him as \"one of the most necessary and, paradoxically enough, hopeful writers of Barack Obama's America,\" while \"The Guardian\" has described him as \"the Hunter S. Thompson of Islamic literature,\" and his non-fiction work exemplifies the principles of gonzo journalism. Publishers Weekly describes him as \"Islam's gonzo experimentalist.\" Within the American Muslim community, he has earned a reputation as an ostentatious cultural provocateur. He obtained a Master of Theological Studies degree from Harvard University in 2011 and received his Ph.D. in Islamic studies from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2016. Knight presently serves as Assistant Professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Central Florida. Knight's father, Wesley Unger, was the thirteenth of twenty children born to a Pentecostal preacher in Berkeley Springs, West Virginia. A participant in outlaw motorcycle club culture, Unger was mentally ill and abusive, causing Knight's mother to escape with him when Knight was two years old. Knight grew up in Geneva, New York, raised by his mother in a Roman Catholic family of Irish descent. Knight's first exposure to Islam came when he was 13 when he discovered Malcolm X through the lyrics of the hip-hop band, Public Enemy. After reading Alex Haley's \"Autobiography of Malcolm X\" at 15, Knight's study of Islam intensified and he converted to Islam. It was also at 15 that Knight met his father for the first time since he was two years old; when Knight informed Unger that he was Muslim, Unger told Knight that he was a white supremacist. At 17 Knight traveled to Islamabad, Pakistan, to study Islam at Faisal Mosque. He came close to making the decision to abandon this course of study to join the war against Russian rule in Chechnya. On August 2, 2009, he married Sadaf Khatri in San Jose, California. After disillusionment with orthodox Islam, Knight wrote two books, \"Where Mullahs Fear to Tread\" and \"The Furious Cock,\" which he printed as photocopied zines. In winter 2002 he wrote \"The Taqwacores\", which told the story of a fictitious group of Muslim punk-rockers living in Buffalo, New York. Characters included a Straight edge Sunni, a drunken mohawk-wearing Sufi punk, a burqa-wearing riot grrrl and a Shi'i skinhead. Knight originally self-published the novel as a spiral-bound photocopy and gave it away for free. The book was later picked up for distribution by Alternative Tentacles, the punk record label founded by Jello Biafra. An encounter with Peter Lamborn Wilson led to \"The Taqwacores\" being published by Autonomedia in 2004. \"The Taqwacores\" was intended as Knight's farewell to Islam, but encouragement from readers caused Knight to reconsider his relationship to the faith. The novel has since inspired the start of an actual taqwacore scene, including bands such as the Kominas, Vote Hezbollah, and Secret Trial Five. Carl W. Ernst, specialist in Islamic studies at UNC, called \"The Taqwacores\" a \"\"Catcher in the Rye\" for young Muslims.\" The novel has been taught in courses at SUNY Potsdam, Kenyon College, Vassar College, the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Trinity College, Sarah Lawrence College, Canisius College, New College of Florida, Indiana University, Michigan State University, and the Ohio State University. \"The Taqwacores\" burqa-wearing riot grrrl, Rabeya, and her dialogue from the novel has been adapted in the Rapture Project, an ongoing puppet show regarding religion in American culture and politics. Rabeya, who in one passage of \"The Taqwacores\" gives a Friday sermon and leads the mixed-gender group in prayer, also influenced author Asra Nomani to organize a mixed-gender Jumu'ah held March 18, 2005, in New York and led by Quran scholar Dr. Amina Wadud in support of women as imams. Knight worked security for that Jumu'ah. Knight's travel writing for Muslim WakeUp! led him to write \"Blue-Eyed Devil: an American Muslim Road Odyssey,\" in which he traveled over 20,000 miles by Greyhound bus in 60 days, searching for a true American Islam. Andrei Codrescu hailed the work as \"today's \"On the Road\"...pertinent and suspenseful, a mystery rendered in brilliant detail and gorgeous depth...a masterpiece.\" In the book Knight attempts to uncover the true identity of W. D. Fard, the mysterious founder of the Nation of Islam, who was believed by that movement to be Allah in person. \"Blue-Eyed Devil\" also contains narratives of Knight's encounters with various figures of North American Islam, such as Irshad Manji, Asra Nomani, and the Hasan family, founders of Muslims for Bush. Knight describes his experience as an original member of the Progressive Muslim Union's board of directors and his disillusionment with the Progressive Islam movement. In \"Blue-Eyed Devil,\" he claims that PMU considered an alliance with Manji, which he witnessed while having dinner with Manji and PMU founder Ahmed Nassef. Knight left PMU in 2005. While maintaining a blog at ProgressiveIslam.Org, he continued to reject the term \"Progressive Muslim.\" Knight's fascination with Fard led him to research the Five-Percent Nation or \"Nation of Gods and Earths\", a movement that broke from the Nation of Islam in 1964. After spending time with the movement's white elder, Azreal, Knight was given the name Azreal Wisdom; in the Five Percenters' system of Supreme Mathematics, it means Azreal Two. Knight wrote the first ethnography of the movement, \"The Five Percenters: Islam, Hip-hop and the Gods of New York\" (Oneworld Publications). An excerpt from the book appears in the 90-page booklet included with \"The 5% Album\" by Lord Jamar of Brand Nubian, which also features members of Wu-Tang Clan such as the RZA and GZA. Knight's 2009 novel, \"Osama Van Halen,\" features \"The Taqwacores\" Amazing Ayyub and Rabeya, who take Matt Damon hostage and demand that Hollywood depict Muslims in a more positive light, while Damon argues that they are \"playing into that same terrorist paradigm and furthering a neo-conservative perception of Islam.\" Also in the novel, Amazing Ayyub embarks on a mission to rid taqwacore of a Muslim pop punk band, Shah 79. Amazing Ayyub's adventures include encounters with zombies, psychobilly jinns and Knight himself, who appears as a character in the story. At the end of the novel, Knight is decapitated by Rabeya. Laury Silvers of Skidmore College, who read the manuscript, wrote: Knight's memoir, released March 2009 by Soft Skull Press, tells the story of Knight's \"bizarre and traumatic boyhood and his conversion to Islam during a turbulent adolescence.\" From the book's catalog description: \"Impossible Man\" follows a boy’s struggle in coming to terms with his father—a paranoid schizophrenic and white supremacist who had threatened to decapitate Michael when he was a baby—and his father’s place in his own identity. It is also the story of a teenager’s troubled path to maturity and the influences that steady him along the way. Knight’s encounter with Malcolm X’s autobiography transforms him from a disturbed teenager engaged in correspondence with Charles Manson to a zealous Muslim convert who travels to Pakistan and studies in a madrassa. Later disillusioned by radical religion, he again faces the crisis of self-definition. For all its extremes, \"Impossible Man\" describes a universal journey: a wounded boy in search of a working model of manhood, going to outrageous lengths to find it. \"Journey to the End of Islam\" chronicles Knight's 2008 return to Pakistan, subsequent travels to Syria, Egypt, and Ethiopia, temporary relocation to Cleveland for the filming of \"The Taqwacores\", and hajj in Mecca. Over the course of his travels, Knight compares and contrasts various Islamic interpretations and practices, juxtaposing heterodoxy and orthodoxy",
"X’s autobiography transforms him from a disturbed teenager engaged in correspondence with Charles Manson to a zealous Muslim convert who travels to Pakistan and studies in a madrassa. Later disillusioned by radical religion, he again faces the crisis of self-definition. For all its extremes, \"Impossible Man\" describes a universal journey: a wounded boy in search of a working model of manhood, going to outrageous lengths to find it. \"Journey to the End of Islam\" chronicles Knight's 2008 return to Pakistan, subsequent travels to Syria, Egypt, and Ethiopia, temporary relocation to Cleveland for the filming of \"The Taqwacores\", and hajj in Mecca. Over the course of his travels, Knight compares and contrasts various Islamic interpretations and practices, juxtaposing heterodoxy and orthodoxy while also addressing issues of sexism and racism in Islam. While in Mecca, Knight syncretizes traditional Islam with his Five Percenter leanings, and also reconverts to Islam as a Shi'a in a tent of Iranian pilgrims. \"Publishers Weekly\" gave a mostly positive review, comparing the book to \"the archetypal American road novel complete with a harrowing episode of cannabis-induced psychosis, a breezy tone...and indifference to whether the reader can follow his references.\" The review also stated that Knight \"probes and prods the boundaries of his faith with unabashed emotion and honesty, even questioning, near the end of his journey, whether he really understands anything about Islam. But the book is most engaging when he turns his gaze outward to make pithy observations on the intersection of religion and global capitalist culture.\" \"Why I Am a Five Percenter\" was released October 13, 2011, by Tarcher/Penguin Books. The book is a more personal sequel to Knight's first work on the Five Percenters, in which he covers his personal relationship to the Five Percenter community, focusing on the question of whether his research made him a true insider and considering ways in which his identities as white and Muslim complicate his connection to the community. Knight's eighth book, \"William S. Burroughs vs. the Qur'an\" was released on April 1, 2012, by Soft Skull/Counterpoint. The book covers Knight's changing relationship with his mentor and hero, Peter Lamborn Wilson, and Knight's literary experimentation with the Qur'an using the cut-up methods of William S. Burroughs. The book, which was released on February 12, 2013 by Soft Skull/Counterpoint, follows Knight's experimentation with ayahuasca and attempts to integrate ayahuasca use into his Muslim practice, first through Santo Daime. Knight pursues and ultimately experiences a vision of Fatimah, daughter of the Prophet Muhammad. Much of the book relates to Knight's anxieties over remaining an artist while transitioning into an academic, as well as the impact of academic study on his relationship to religion. Knight's tenth book, \"Why I am a Salafi\" was released in 2015 by Soft Skull/Counterpoint. The book begins after Knight's ayahuasca vision in \"Tripping with Allah,\" visiting a mosque in Los Angeles and performing conventional Muslim prayer while still feeling ayahuasca's effects. The book then becomes a critical reflection on issues of scriptural interpretation, traditionalism and religious revivalism, and the Salafi movement to which Knight converted as a teenager. Publishers Weekly named the book one of its \"Best Books of 2015.\" Knight's eleventh book, \"Magic in Islam\" was released in 2016 by Tarcher/Penguin Books. \"Magic in Islam\" examines traditions such as astrology, Hermeticism, amulets and talismans as practiced in Muslim contexts, with focus on deconstructing boundaries between Islam and other religions, as well as the divisions between magic and religion at large. Knight developed a reputation for his Muslim WakeUp! articles, particularly accounts of the Islamic Society of North America's annual convention, in which he wrote of giving a \"stink palm\" to famous imam Siraj Wahhaj and Cat Stevens and engaging in a romantic encounter with a young Muslim woman. At the 2005 convention of the Islamic Society of North America, Knight and the Kominas fraudulently obtained media passes and sneaked into the press conference of Karen Hughes, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs in the U.S. Department of State. They were taken outside and questioned by a State Department agent, but allowed back in by ISNA officials. It was later learned that the ISNA staff was concerned over Knight's jacket bearing the Alternative Tentacles logo. In a 2003 Muslim WakeUp! article, Knight claimed to have introduced himself to a member of the United Nation of Islam as \"Ibrahim Hooper,\" the name of the Communications Director of the Council on American–Islamic Relations. Hooper threatened legal action if the act was repeated. In a later article on his trip to Elijah Muhammad's grave, Knight wrote that he had introduced himself as Ibrahim Hooper at the cemetery's office. Hooper again threatened legal recourses. Knight responded by publicly challenging Hooper to a wrestling match. On June 25, 2006, Knight staged his match against Ibrahim Hooper at a punk show in Lexington, Massachusetts, at the home of the Kominas' singer Basim Usmani. The role of Ibrahim Hooper was played by Grifin Tibbetts, bassist of grindcore band Animal Rampage. In October 2007, Muslim Republican author and commentator Asma Gull Hasan filed a defamation suit against Knight and the Kominas, claiming that \"Blue-Eyed Devil\" falsely portrayed her as \"wealthy, self-absorbed, insensitive and acutely uninformed\" and that Knight had influenced the Kominas to write a song depicting her performance of a sex act. \"You can't defeat writers by censoring or punishing them, you only defeat writers by outwriting them,\" Knight stated in a response to \"The Denver Post\". \"And she can't do that, so she has to resort to this.\" In November 2008, the suit was dismissed. Michael Muhammad Knight Michael Muhammad Knight (born 1977) is an American novelist, essayist, and journalist. His writings are popular among American Muslim youth. The \"San Francisco Chronicle\" described him as"
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"Grumpy Old Man \"Grumpy Old Man\" is the ninth episode of the tenth season of the American animated sitcom \"Family Guy\". The episode originally aired on Fox in the United States on December 11, 2011. The episode follows Griffin family patriarch Lois Griffin's father, Carter Pewterschmidt, after he accidentally falls asleep while driving in a snowstorm. Concerned for his safety, Lois then decides to admit him to a nursing home in Florida, in an attempt to help him adjust to life as an older man. Carter is reluctant to live in the retirement community, however, but eventually comes to enjoy the various activities at the home. Six months later, Carter suddenly becomes grumpy, and even more elderly, causing Peter to take him back to his old business and bring him back to normal. The episode was written by Dave Ihlenfeld and David Wright, and directed by John Holmquist. It received mostly mixed reviews from critics for its storyline, and many cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 6.10 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Adam Carolla, Jack Carter, D. C. Douglas, R. Lee Ermey, Christine Lakin, Joel David Moore, Linda Porter, Floyd Van Buskirk, Mae Whitman and Wally Wingert, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. A snowstorm has invaded Quahog, Rhode Island, with Stewie set to visit his grandparents, Carter and Barbara Pewterschmidt at their mansion. While on the drive there, Carter falls asleep at the wheel and crashes his car into a tree. The three then go to the hospital, where Griffin family neighbor Joe Swanson alerts Carter that his driver's license has to be revoked because of Carter's old age. Barbara then suggests that the two retire. Carter is reluctant at first, since he does not want to leave a $6 billion company, but he eventually agrees to do so, admitting that he never had time to play polo or sit on a chair to moisten his mouth. Later that day, the retired Carter decides to visit his son-in-law Peter along with his friends Joe and Quagmire at the local bar to learn about their discussions of their lives at home, much to their chagrin. Carter also decides to live with the Griffin family and attempts to find someone to hang out with, including Quagmire. Peter voices his distaste of the situation, and he suggests that they put Carter and Barbara in a retirement home in Florida. The family is then able to drive to Florida and check out a retirement community. Impressed at first, Carter then refuses to live in the community, fearing that the people living there are just waiting to die, and he's even able to shout at some of them by stating \"I'm not one of you, and I never will be!\" Peter decides to talk to Carter on his own in an attempt to convince him to live in the home, and promises to show him how great it is to be retired. The two then perform various tasks, including playing bingo and trying out the thermostat in their room, and Carter then eventually agrees to live there. Six months later, Barbara calls the Griffin family, alerting him that something is wrong with Carter. When they arrive, they discover that he has become grumpy while also acting more tired and elderly than before. Attempting to fix him, Peter, Lois, and Barbara take him back to his old business in Quahog. Peter is able to make some proposals to Carter's secretary over the intercom by making the business more humane and having the elevator operator wear white gloves, which angers Carter so much and causing him to return to his old self. Carter then warns his wife, Peter, and Lois to never put him in a retirement home ever again, stating that he will continue running his business until the day he dies. Just then, Peter's mother Thelma calls from the nursing home on Peter's phone where she complains about her nursing home. Peter remains non-committal while also stating that nobody is touching her in her sleep and vows to visit on Thanksgiving. When Peter gets off the phone, Lois reminds him that Thelma has to stay in the home. The title of the episode is a reference to the movie \"Grumpy Old Men\". The scene where the drill sergeant with Alzheimer's disease is repeatedly cursing at a man he calls a \"joker\" is a reference to the Vietnam War movie \"Full Metal Jacket\". The scene where Mayor West seems to wake up from a dream, only to find that he is in another dream may be a reference to the movie \"Inception\" about false awakening. Joe Swanson's Fiona Apple tribute video is a parody of her 1997 song \"Criminal\". When Peter talks about him and Lois having \"phone sax\", a cutaway shows them playing songs on the saxophone via the phone. Peter plays \"Baker Street\" by Gerry Rafferty while Lois plays \"You Can Call Me Al\" by Paul Simon. The cut away scene where the man who was late for work, and as a result wasn't killed on 9/11, is possibly a reference to Seth MacFarlane himself. He would have been onboard one of the flights that struck the World Trade Center, had he not been late for check in. The episode was directed by series regular John Holmquist, shortly after the conclusion of the ninth production season, in his second episode of the season, the first being \"Amish Guy\". Holmquist joined the series in its second season, directing the episode \"Running Mates\", which was written by Neil Goldman and Garrett Donovan. The episode was written by Dave Ihlenfeld and David Wright, both in their first episode of the series. Series regulars Peter Shin and James Purdum served as supervising directors, with Andrew Goldberg and Alex Carter as executive story editors, and Spencer Porter, Anthony Blasucci, Mike Desilets and Deepak Sethi serving as staff writers for the episode. Composer Walter Murphy, who has worked on the series since its inception, returned to compose the music for \"Grumpy Old Man\". In addition to their roles of Peter and Lois Griffin, Series creator and executive producer Seth MacFarlane and main cast member and former series writer Alex Borstein reprise their roles of Carter and Barbara Pewterschmidt, Lois's parents. This episode reveals that Peter's mother, Thelma, moved into a retirement home. Eight months after the episode's initial broadcast, Phyllis Diller, Thelma's voice actor, died. In addition to the regular cast, actor and comedian Adam Carolla, actor Jack Carter, actor D. C. Douglas, actor and drill instructor R. Lee Ermey, actress Christine Lakin, actor Joel David Moore, actress Linda Porter, voice actor Floyd Van Buskirk, actress Mae Whitman and voice actor Wally Wingert, guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Ralph Garman, writer Julius Sharpe, actress Jennifer Tilly, writer Chris Sheridan, writer Danny Smith, writer Alec Sulkin and writer John Viener made minor appearances throughout the episode. Recurring guest cast members Adam West and Patrick Warburton also appeared in the episode. \"Grumpy Old Man\" was broadcast on December 11, 2011, as a part of an animated television night on Fox, and was preceded by \"The Simpsons\" and \"The Cleveland Show\", and followed by \"Family Guy\" creator and executive producer Seth MacFarlane's second series, \"American Dad!\". It was watched by 6.10 million viewers, according to Nielsen ratings, despite airing simultaneously with \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\" on ABC, \"The Amazing Race\" on CBS and \"Sunday Night Football\" on NBC. The episode also acquired a 3.1/7 rating in the 18–49 demographic, beating \"The Simpsons\", \"The Cleveland Show\" and \"American Dad!\", in addition to significantly edging out \"The Cleveland Show\" and \"American Dad!\" shows in total viewership. The episode's ratings decreased significantly from the previous week's episode, \"Cool Hand Peter\". Grumpy Old Man \"Grumpy Old Man\" is the ninth episode of the tenth season of the American animated sitcom \"Family Guy\". The episode originally aired on Fox in the United States on December 11, 2011. The episode follows Griffin family patriarch Lois",
"It was watched by 6.10 million viewers, according to Nielsen ratings, despite airing simultaneously with \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\" on ABC, \"The Amazing Race\" on CBS and \"Sunday Night Football\" on NBC. The episode also acquired a 3.1/7 rating in the 18–49 demographic, beating \"The Simpsons\", \"The Cleveland Show\" and \"American Dad!\", in addition to significantly edging out \"The Cleveland Show\" and \"American Dad!\" shows in total viewership. The episode's ratings decreased significantly from the previous week's episode, \"Cool Hand Peter\". Grumpy Old Man \"Grumpy Old Man\" is the ninth episode of the tenth season of the American animated sitcom \"Family Guy\". The episode originally aired on Fox in the United States on December 11, 2011. The episode follows Griffin family patriarch Lois Griffin's father, Carter Pewterschmidt, after he accidentally falls asleep while driving in a snowstorm. Concerned for his safety, Lois then decides to admit him to a nursing home in Florida, in an attempt to help him adjust to life as an older man. Carter is reluctant to live in the retirement community, however,"
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"USS Santee (1855) USS \"Santee\" (1855) was a wooden-hulled, three-masted sailing frigate of the United States Navy. She was the first U.S. Navy ship to be so named and was one of its last sailing frigates in service. She was acquired by the Union Navy at the start of the American Civil War, outfitted with heavy guns and a crew of 480, and was assigned as a gunboat in the Union blockade of the Confederate States. She later became a training ship for the U.S. Naval Academy. Rated at 44 guns, she was laid down in 1820 by the Portsmouth Navy Yard, but due to a shortage of funds, she long remained uncompleted on the stocks. She was finally launched on 16 February 1855, but not commissioned until 9 June 1861, Captain Henry Eagle in command. \"Santee\" departed Portsmouth, New Hampshire on 20 June 1861, stopped at Hampton Roads, Virginia to load ammunition, and resumed her voyage to the Gulf of Mexico on 10 July. On 8 August, the frigate captured the schooner \"C. P. Knapp\" in the gulf some 350 miles south of Pensacola and escorted the blockade runner to that port. On 27 October, \"Santee\" took her second prize, \"Delta\", off Galveston; the hermaphrodite brig had attempted to slip into Galveston with a cargo of salt from Liverpool. Shortly before midnight on 7 November, boats left the frigate and entered Galveston Bay hoping to capture and burn the Confederate armed steamer, \"General Rusk\". However, in attempting to avoid detection, the boats ran aground. Since he had lost the advantage of surprise, the expedition's commander, Lt. James Edward Jouett, cancelled his plans to attack \"General Rusk\" and turned his attention to the chartered Confederate lookout vessel, \"Royal Yacht\". After a desperate hand-to-hand fight, he captured \"Royal Yacht\"s crew, set the armed schooner afire, and retired to \"Santee\" with about a dozen prisoners. During the action, one man from the frigate was killed and two of her officers and six of her men were wounded, one mortally. A young 15-year-old sailor named James Henry Carpenter was wounded in the thigh and mentioned in dispatches due to his actions. Carpenter would become \"Santee\"s acting Master's mate and would serve again on \"Santee\" when she served as a school ship for the United States Naval Academy. Another of \"Santee\"s sailors, George H. Bell, was awarded the Medal of Honor for his part in the action. On 30 December, after a five or six-mile chase on boats from \"Santee,\" they captured 14-ton Confederate schooner, \"Garonne\". Captain Eagle stripped the prize for use as a lighter. In January 1862, when the Union naval force in the Gulf of Mexico was divided into two squadrons, \"Santee\" was assigned to Flag Officer David Farragut's new West Gulf Blockading Squadron. Under the new organization, \"Santee\" continued to blockade the Texas coast, primarily off Galveston, until summer. Then, because scurvy had weakened the frigate's crew and the enlistments of many of her sailors had expired, the ship sailed north. She reached Boston, Massachusetts on 22 August and was decommissioned on 4 September. Refitted at the Boston Navy Yard, the ship was recommissioned there exactly a month later and sailed for Newport, Rhode Island, to serve as a school ship at the United States Naval Academy which had been moved there from Annapolis, Maryland, for security during the Civil War. At Newport, midshipmen lived, studied, and attended classes in frigates \"Santee\" and as they prepared for positions of leadership in the Union Navy. After the close of the Civil War, the Naval Academy returned to Annapolis, Maryland, and \"Santee\", carrying midshipmen, sailed for that port and moored near Fort Severn on 2 August 1865. There, she continued her duty as school ship which she had performed at Newport. The following year, she became a gunnery ship and was used by midshipmen to master the art of naval gunnery. About the same time, the frigate began to be used as a barracks ship for midshipmen being punished and for new fourthclassmen receiving their first taste of Navy life. Before dawn on 2 April 1912, after a half a century of duty as an educator, \"Santee\" sank at her mooring. Efforts to refloat the frigate proved unsuccessful. She was sold to Joseph G. Hitner, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 2 August 1912, the anniversary of her arrival at Annapolis. After six months of effort, she was finally raised; and, on 8 May 1913, \"Santee\" departed the Severn River under tow and proceeded to Boston, Massachusetts, where she was burned for the copper and brass in her hull. USS Santee (1855) USS \"Santee\" (1855) was a wooden-hulled, three-masted sailing frigate of the United States Navy. She was the first U.S. Navy ship to be so named and was one of its last sailing"
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"Peaine Township, Michigan Peaine Township is a civil township of Charlevoix County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census the township population was 292. The township is located on Beaver Island in Lake Michigan. The township occupies all but the northern tip of Beaver Island, with St. James Township bordering Peaine Township to the north. There are no named communities in Peaine Township. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and , or 28.32%, is water. The Ottawa and the Ojibwe people originally lived in the area. James Strang and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite) lived on the island in the 1850s. As of the census of 2000, there were 244 people, 120 households, and 72 families residing in the township. The population density was 4.7 per square mile (1.8/km²). There were 410 housing units at an average density of 7.8 per square mile (3.0/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 97.95% White, 0.82% Native American, and 1.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.41% of the population. There were 120 households out of which 13.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.03 and the average family size was 2.58. In the township the population was spread out with 16.0% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 19.3% from 25 to 44, 38.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.0 males. The median income for a household in the township was $29,167, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $37,083 versus $19,000 for females. The per capita income for the township was $33,091. About 4.5% of families and 8.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen and 5.9% of those sixty five or over. Peaine Township, Michigan Peaine Township is a civil township of Charlevoix County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census the township population was 292. The township is located on Beaver Island in Lake Michigan. The township occupies all but the northern tip of Beaver Island, with St. James Township bordering Peaine Township to the north. There are no named communities in Peaine Township. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and , or 28.32%, is water. The Ottawa"
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"Sailfish OS also provides the symbol in its default keyboard. \n On 10 August 2010, the Unicode Technical Committee accepted the proposed code position U+20B9 ₹ INDIAN RUPEE SIGN (HTML & #8377; graphic:). The character has been encoded in the Unicode 6.0, and named distinctly from the existing character U+20A8 Rs RUPEE SIGN (HTML & #8360;), which will continue to be available as the generic rupee sign. \n Apple Inc. has added support for the rupee symbol with iOS 7. Mac OS X Lion (10.7) also includes the new Indian rupee symbol and can be found in the Character Viewer. As of Mac OS X Mountain Lion (10.8), users using the Devanagari keyboard can enter the new Indian rupee symbol by typing Option/Alt+4 (a combination that yields the Cent symbol on a US keyboard layout). \n --- \nIndian rupee sign \n| Punctuation \n--- \napostrophe | ' ' \nbrackets | ( ) ( ) ( ) ⟨ ⟩ \ncolon |: \ncomma | , ، 、 \ndash | ‒–-- ― \nellipsis | ... ... ⋯ ᠁ ฯ \nexclamation mark | ! \nfull stop, period | . \nguillemets | \"'' \"'' \nhyphen | ‐ \nhyphen-minus | \\- \nquestion mark | ? \nquotation marks | ' ' \"''' ' \"'' \nsemicolon | ; \nslash, stroke, solidus | /⧸ ⁄ \n| Word dividers \n--- \ninterpunct | \nspace | \n| General typography \n--- \nampersand | & \nasterisk | * \nat sign | @ \nbackslash | \\ \nbasis point | ‱ \nbullet | \ncaret | \ndagger | † ‡ ⹋ \ndegree | ° \nditto mark | \" \nequals sign | = \ninverted exclamation mark | ¡ \ninverted question mark | ¿ \nkomejirushi, kome, reference mark | ※ \nmultiplication sign | × \nnumber sign, pound, hash | # \nnumero sign | No \nobelus | ÷ \nordinal indicator | o a \npercent, per mil | % ‰ \npilcrow | ¶ \nplus, minus | \\+− \nplus-minus, minus-plus | ± ∓ \nprime | ′\" ′′′ \nsection sign | § \ntilde | ~ \nunderscore, understrike | _ \nvertical bar, pipe, broken bar | ‖ ¦ \n| Intellectual property \n--- \ncopyright | © \ncopyleft | 🄯 \nsound-recording copyright | ℗ \nregistered trademark | ® \nservice mark | SM \ntrademark | TM \n| Currency \n--- \ncurrency sign | ¤ \ncurrency symbols \n\n؋ ₳ ฿ ₿ ₵ ¢ ₡ ₢ $ ₫ ₯ ֏ ₠ € ƒ ₣ ₲ ₴ ₭ ₺ ₾ ₼ M ₥ ₦ ₧ ₱ ₰ £ 元 圆 圓 ریال ៛ ₽ ₹ Rs ₪ ৳ ₸ ₮ ₩ ¥ 円 \n \n| Uncommon typography \n--- \nasterism | ⁂ \nfleuron, hedera | ❧ \nindex, fist | ☞ \ninterrobang | ‽ \nirony punctuation | ⸮ \nlozenge | ◊ \ntie | ⁀ \nRelated \n \n * * Diacritics \n * Logic symbols \n * Whitespace characters \n\n \nIn other scripts \n \n * Chinese \n * Hebrew \n * Japanese \n * Korean \n\n \n \n * * Portal \n\n\n * Book \n\n \n \n * * *",
"؋ ₳ ฿ ₿ ₵ ¢ ₡ ₢ $ ₫ ₯ ֏ ₠ € ƒ ₣ ₲ ₴ ₭ ₺ ₾ ₼ M ₥ ₦ ₧ ₱ ₰ £ 元 圆 圓 ریال ៛ ₽ ₹ Rs ₪ ৳ ₸ ₮ ₩ ¥ 円 \n \n| Uncommon typography \n--- \nasterism | ⁂ \nfleuron, hedera | ❧ \nindex, fist | ☞ \ninterrobang | ‽ \nirony punctuation | ⸮ \nlozenge | ◊ \ntie | ⁀ \nRelated \n \n * * Diacritics \n * Logic symbols \n * Whitespace characters \n\n \nIn other scripts \n \n * Chinese \n * Hebrew \n * Japanese \n * Korean \n\n \n \n * * Portal \n\n\n * Book \n\n \n \n * * * \n\n On 18 May 2011, Microsoft released an update KB2496898 to Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 operating systems to include support for this new Indian rupee symbol. With the Windows update, it is now possible to use alt code text entry to obtain the Indian Rupee symbol–Alt+8 3 7 7. On systems running Windows 8, the symbol can be typed using the English (India) keyboard layout with the key combination Alt Gr+4. \n However, later The Hon'ble High Court of Delhi, on 30 January 2013, in W.P. (c) 2449/2012 titled Rakesh Kumar Singh Vs. Union of India (PIL) filed through lawyer Kamal Kumar Pandey, listed before the Division bench of Hon'ble Chief Justice and V.K. Jain J., taking cognizance of and in view of the irregularities and arbitrariness involved in Public Competitions (Indian Rupee, UIDAI, I Mark, Indian railway for Common Wealth, RTI) for designing Symbols/Logos or designing Logos by other methods of important national bodies/institutions, in their historic judgment directed all the ministries of the Government of India to formulate/prepare guidelines to ensure transparency, wider participation of public and also that such guidelines should be of uniform nature and in uniformity with each others. \n Major banks have also started printing cheques with the new Indian rupee sign, where the traditional Rs sign was used. The Indian Postal Department also started printing postage stamps with this new Indian rupee sign, when it issued the Commonwealth Games commemorative stamps on 3 October 2010. In his budget speech on 28 February 2011, the finance minister, Pranab Mukherjee, announced that the sign will be incorporated in future coin issues. Coins of denomination of ₹ 1, ₹ 2, ₹ 5 and ₹ 10 with the new rupee symbol have been put into circulation. As of January 2012, the new Indian rupee sign has been incorporated in the currency notes in the denominations of ₹ 10, ₹ 100, ₹ 500 and ₹ 2000 and as of 12 April 2012 this was extended to denominations of ₹ 20 and ₹ 50. \n On 5 March 2009, the Indian government announced a contest to create a sign for the Indian rupee. During the 2010 Union Budget, then Union Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee said that the proposed sign should reflect and capture the Indian ethos and culture. From around 3,331 responses received, five symbols were shortlisted. These were the entries from Nondita Correa-Mehrotra, Hitesh Padmashali, Shibin KK, Shahrukh J. Irani, and D. Udaya Kumar and one of them was due to be selected at the Union Council of Ministers of India meeting held on 24 June 2010. However, the decision was deferred at the request of the Finance Minister, and the final decision was made when that met again on 15 July 2010, when they chose the symbol created by Udaya Kumar, Associate Professor IIT Guwahati. \n The design is based on the Devanagari letter \"र\" (ra) with a double horizontal line at the top. It also resembles the Latin capital letter \"R\", especially R rotunda (Ꝛ). \n On 11 April 2013, Finance Ministry formed the guidelines for conducting public competitions for design of symbol/logo. \n The Indian rupee sign (sign:₹; code:INR) is the currency sign for the Indian rupee, the official currency of India. Designed by Udaya Kumar, it was presented to the public by the Government of India on 15 July 2010, following its selection through an \"open\" competition among Indian residents. Before its adoption, the most commonly used symbols for the rupee were Rs, Re or, if the text was in an Indian language, an appropriate abbreviation in that language. \n Ministry of Finance and Department of Economic Affairs of the Government of India had finally approved the sign. The approval was given by Sushil Kumar, Under Secretary of the Government of India. \n Upon the symbol's adoption in July 2010, the Indian government said it would try to adopt the sign within six months in the country and globally within 18 to 24 months. \n The new sign is a combination of the Devanagari letter \"र\" (\"ra\") and the Latin capital letter \"R\" without its vertical bar (similar to the R rotunda). The parallel lines at the top (with white space between them) are said to make an allusion to the tricolor Indian flag. and also depict an equality sign that symbolizes the nation's desire to reduce economic disparity. \n The final selected symbol was designed by D. Udaya Kumar, a Bachelor of Architecture and visual design student at the Industrial Design Centre, IIT Bombay. The thoughts and philosophy behind the design are explained in this presentation. \n The Indian rupee sign selection process was challenged in the Delhi High Court, by petitioner Rakesh Kumar, who was a participant in the competition, described the process as \"full of discrepancies\" and \"flawed\", and named the Finance Ministry and the chairman of Indian Rupee Symbol Selection Committee as respondents. On 26 November 2010, the Delhi High Court single bench dismissed the writ petition, stating there was no justifiable ground for the stated allegations. \n The Unicode character for the Indian rupee sign is U+20B9 ₹ INDIAN RUPEE SIGN. Other countries that use a rupee, such as Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Nepal, still use the generic U+20A8 Rs RUPEE SIGN character. \n Ubuntu became the first operating system to support the Indian rupee symbol by default. Since its 10.10 version it has supported the symbol out of the box, as it was added to the Ubuntu font family by a contributor. Since then, it has been included in various GNU/Linux distributions."
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"Mario Basini Mario Basini (born 1943) is a journalist, broadcaster and author, the son of a Welsh Italian cafe owner in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales. Journalist and columnist with the \"Western Mail\", he gained a degree in English from Aberystwyth University. He spent a brief period teaching the subject at a Cardiff secondary school before joining The \"Western Mail\" as a trainee, he has done every journalistic job on the newspaper, apart from sub-editing and designing. He was the literary editor for four years. He has also presented programmes on BBC Wales, BBC Radio Wales and Radio 5. He writes and broadcasts on a wide range of subjects. Mario had an article entitled ’Lime, Lemon and Internment’ published in The New Welsh Review, 1992, pp58–60. Real Merthyr (Seren, 2008) Contributed to: Homeland (contributor) (Gomer, 1996) The Century Collection, An Anthology of Best Writing in the Western Mail through the 20th Century (contributor) (Breedon Books, 1999) All Roads Lead to Merthyr (contributor) (Merthyr Tydfil County Borough Council, 2006) Academi (Welsh literature promotion) Evans, Suzanne, Merthyr Express, 11,12,2008 Mario Basini Mario Basini (born 1943) is a journalist, broadcaster and author, the son of a Welsh Italian cafe owner in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales. Journalist"
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"The Acquisitive Chuckle \"The Acquisitive Chuckle\" is a short story written by American writer Isaac Asimov in 1971, first published in the January 1972 issue of \"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\". He originally called it \"The Chuckle\", but the magazine's title was kept in subsequent uses of the story. It was the first of Asimov's stories about the Black Widowers, an eccentric group of men who met once a month. The story is based loosely upon the Trap Door Spiders, a stag-club of which Asimov was a member. The Black Widowers stories concerned a dinner guest who had a problem or mystery to solve; after the members deliberated, Henry would offer the correct solution. This story, the first, deviates from that pattern in the nature of Henry's \"contribution\". Each month, the Black Widowers meet at a restaurant and converse over dinner with each other and their waiter. The host of the group brings the evening's guest. On this occasion, Geoffrey Avalon brings a Dr. Hanley Bartram to dinner. (All members of the club and all guests are doctors for the evening, and those with doctorates are referred to as \"doctor doctor.\") Bartram tells the group of two business partners, Mr. Jackson and Mr. Anderson, the former tirelessly honest and the latter relentlessly dishonest. Anderson shunted Jackson out of their venture, and shortly afterward spotted him acting in a suspicious manner inside Anderson's cluttered house, leading Anderson to suspect that the honest Jackson had stolen something. Unfortunately, due to the variety and extent of the objects within the dwelling, Anderson was unable to tell what was taken. He called in Bartram, who is an investigator, to discover what had been taken. When he failed, Anderson grew restless and morose, until he slowly wasted away. The group tosses around theories as to what had been stolen, until Bartram reveals his true reason for attending the meeting: their waiter, Henry, is none other than the honest businessman in question. He asks Henry what it was that he stole from Anderson, and Henry replies that he had only taken Anderson's peace of mind. The Acquisitive Chuckle \"The Acquisitive Chuckle\" is a short story written by American writer Isaac Asimov in 1971, first published in the January 1972 issue of \"Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine\". He originally called it \"The Chuckle\", but the magazine's title was kept in subsequent uses of the story. It was the first"
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"Burnmoor Tarn Burnmoor Tarn, on Eskdale Fell in Cumbria, England, is one of the largest entirely natural tarns in the Lake District. Its waters flow into Whillan Beck at the tarn's north-eastern corner, which immediately turns south and flows into Eskdale, joining the Esk at Beckfoot. Burnmoor Lodge, a former fishing lodge, stands by the southern shore and a mediaeval corpse road runs past the eastern shore where it fords the beck. The tarn is one of the sites in DEFRA's UK Upland Waters Monitoring Network. It occupies 23.9 ha and lies at an altitude of 253 m in a moraine hollow on the uplands between Wastwater and Eskdale. The lake has two distinct basins close to the south-eastern shore and a maximum depth of 13 m. There are four main inflow streams to the north and north-west. The outflow at the eastern end joins the Hardrigg Beck which drains the slopes of Scafell and, in times of especially high flow, is partly diverted into the lake across a braided delta. Burnmoor Tarn Burnmoor Tarn, on Eskdale Fell in Cumbria, England, is one of the largest entirely natural tarns in the Lake District. Its waters flow into Whillan Beck at"
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"Interstate 70 in Pennsylvania In the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, Interstate 70 (I-70) runs east–west across the southwest part of the state serving the southern fringe of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. About half of the route is concurrent with Interstate 76 on the Pennsylvania Turnpike. This is the oldest segment of I-70 in Pennsylvania, having been completed in 1940, and is only one of two segments of I-70 that are tolled, with the other being the Kansas Turnpike. I-70 is one of only a few Interstate Highways to have a traffic signal—in this case, with U.S. Route 30 (US 30) in Breezewood, where it leaves the Turnpike and heads toward Maryland. Two segments of I-70 in Pennsylvania are not designed to modern Interstate standards: a 37-mile segment from Washington to New Stanton, and the aforementioned half-mile signalized segment in Breezewood. For 37 miles between the eastern end of its concurrency with I-79 in Washington and the western end of its concurrency with the Pennsylvania Turnpike in New Stanton, I-70 has several dated design features. The median narrows to the point that there are no shoulders between the median barrier and the passing lanes on both sides. On- and off-ramps at many of the interchanges are substandard in both length and geometry, which requires vehicles to decelerate in the travel lanes before entering the off-ramps, and also necessitates the use of stop signs on the on-ramps instead of yield signs. Several overpasses do not meet minimum clearance requirements, which has resulted in damage to, and from, overheight trucks. Total reconstruction efforts are ongoing that will upgrade most of this segment of I-70 and its interchanges to modern Interstate standards, and various projects are scheduled through the early 2020s. I-70 crosses the Monongahela River on the Speers-Belle Vernon Bridge and the Youghiogheny River on the Smithton High Level Bridge. In New Stanton, I-70 exits the main highway alignment to merge with the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-76). The main alignment itself continues as a very short spur with no route number, then picks up U.S. 119 at an interchange with PA 66. For 86 miles from New Stanton to Breezewood, I-70 shares a concurrency with I-76 along the Pennsylvania Turnpike. I-70 passes through a wind farm in Somerset County, and close to the 9/11 Flight 93 National Memorial in Shanksville. It then intersects I-99 in Bedford County before reaching the eastern end of its concurrency with the Turnpike in Breezewood. In Breezewood, I-70 exits the Pennsylvania Turnpike and begins a half-mile wrong-way concurrency with U.S. 30. This is the other segment of the highway in Pennsylvania that is not designed to Interstate standards since it lacks grade separation and access control. I-70 then takes a north/south alignment between Breezewood and the Maryland state line, with the eastern terminus of I-68 less than a mile past the state line near Hancock. U.S. 522 also forms a four-mile concurrency with I-70 between Warfordsburg (Pa.) and Hancock (Md.). By 1947, present Interstate 70 across Pennsylvania was included in the planned Interstate Highway System. The route from West Virginia split at Washington, with one branch heading northeast to meet the Pennsylvania Turnpike near Pittsburgh and the other heading east, bypassing Pittsburgh to the south (via a planned bypass of Pennsylvania Route 71) to the New Stanton interchange. The piece south from the Breezewood interchange into Maryland was also in the network. The route between US 30 in Breezewood and US 522 in Warfordsburg was originally known as Pennsylvania Route 126. In 1957, preliminary numbers were assigned; the longer route via Pittsburgh (now Interstate 79 and Interstate 376) became the main line of I-70, while the southern bypass (now I-70) became Interstate 70S. The section of present-day I-70 between PA 519 near Washington and New Stanton was built as a four-lane divided highway known as the \"Express Highway\"; this road was assigned the temporary PA 71 Alternate designation in 1957 and would be designated as I-70S following the completion of additional connecting roads in the Interstate Highway System. On July 15, 1960, I-70 was designated onto the Penn-Lincoln Parkway. A southern extension of Interstate 79 (which had previously only run from Erie south to Pittsburgh) to Charleston, West Virginia in 1963 resulted in changes to I-70. On February 26, 1964, as part of the formation of Interstate 76 (east of downtown Pittsburgh), AASHTO approved a rerouting of I-70 along I-70S. The former I-70 became I-79 from Washington to downtown Pittsburgh and I-76 to and along the Turnpike to New Stanton. This brought the routing of I-70 to its present form. In 2011, PennDOT began preliminary work for a total reconstruction of I-70 between the West Virginia state line and New Stanton. Approximately $500 million will be spent on this 58-mile segment of highway in order to improve it to modern Interstate standards, half of which will be spent redesigning eight interchanges. Other planned improvements include six overpass replacements, a new roadbed, a wider median, electronic ITS signage, and widening the I-70/I-79 concurrency in Washington to six lanes. Two noteworthy interchange projects will occur in conjunction with the I-70/I-79 widening. Underway is a reconfiguration of the east/south split between I-70 and I-79, which will eliminate the one-lane, low-speed loop ramp from I-79 northbound to I-70 westbound, replacing it with a two-lane, high-speed flyover ramp. Preliminary design work has also been completed for a redesigned interchange between I-70/I-79 and Murtland Avenue (U.S. 19), and involves replacing the existing substandard cloverleaf in favor of the first diverging diamond interchange in Pennsylvania. Interstate 70 in Pennsylvania In the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, Interstate 70 (I-70) runs east–west across the southwest part of the state serving the southern fringe of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. About half of the route is concurrent with Interstate 76 on the Pennsylvania Turnpike. This is the oldest segment of I-70 in Pennsylvania, having been completed in 1940, and is only one of two segments of I-70 that are tolled, with the other being the Kansas Turnpike. I-70 is one"
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"Mantecadas Mantecadas are a type of spongy pastry from Spain similar to a muffin, but flatter. The best known mantecadas are from Northwestern Spain, being a traditional product of the city of Astorga, province of León, as well as the nearby Maragateria comarca. They taste very much like pound cake. Other Spanish regions also prepare mantecadas. There is a factory producing mantecadas in Sardón de Duero, Valladolid Province and another in Maliaño, Cantabria. The \"Casa Salinas\" bakery in Tudela, Navarre, reputed for its excellent mantecadas, closed down in January 2011. Mantecadas are baked in square or rectangular box-shaped paper \"\"cajillas\"\" instead of in the typical muffin round paper cups. The mantecada leaves a characteristic cross-shaped silhouette on the paper when it is removed. In the Alt Maestrat \"comarca\" the mantecada square paper cups are known as \"\"caixetes\"\". There is a type of cake known as mantecada in Colombia and Venezuela where the whole is cut into pieces after baking. Certain brands commercialize packed mini-mantecadas in Mexico and Latin America. Mantecadas should not be confused with mantecados, a much denser, non spongy very different type of pastry. The most famous Mantecadas are the ones prepared in Astorga town under the name Mantecadas de Astorga. Their ingredients are eggs, flour, butter and sugar. Butter is essential in the preparation and differentiates the mantecadas de Astorga from average bizcocho or magdalenas (muffins). They are a protected product as per Geographical indication in the European Union. Mantecadas Mantecadas are a type of spongy pastry from Spain similar to a muffin, but flatter. The best known mantecadas are from Northwestern Spain, being a traditional product of the city of Astorga, province of León, as well as the nearby Maragateria comarca. They taste very much like pound cake. Other Spanish regions also prepare mantecadas. There is"
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"Cluster of Excellence \"Asia and Europe in a Global Context\" The Cluster of Excellence \"Asia and Europe in a Global Context\" is a research facility that has been funded in the framework of the German Universities Excellence Initiative of the federal state governments of Germany since October 2007. It is a trans- and interdisciplinary network of researchers affiliated with Heidelberg University. Key research areas of the Cluster are the processes of exchange between cultures of Asia and Europe, ranging from migration and trade to the formation of concepts and institutions. The Cluster aims at enhancing the understanding of the multi-layered interactions between and within Asia and Europe. During the first funding period from 2008 to 2012, the Cluster's focus was on \"Shifting Asymmetries in Cultural Flows\". During the second funding period until October 2017, the Cluster is focused on \"The Dynamics of Transculturality\". The Cluster is located at the Karl Jaspers Center for Advanced Transcultural Studies (KJC) at Heidelberg University, Germany. The KJC provides facilities and infrastructure for collaboration, research and teaching. A branch office of the Cluster is located at the “Heidelberg Center South Asia” in New Delhi, India. The Cluster is headed by three directors, who are Joseph Maran (Pre- and Protohistory), Axel Michaels (Classical Indology) and Barbara Mittler (Sinology). The research projects are organized in four research areas: “Governance & Administration”, “Public Spheres”, “Knowledge Systems” and “Historicities & Heritage”. Five professorships in Buddhist Studies, Cultural Economic History, Global Art History, Intellectual History, Visual and Media Anthropology as well as two Start-Up Professorships for Transcultural Studies and Junior Research Groups headed by post-doctoral scholars are located at the Cluster. The “Heidelberg Research Architecture”, the Digital Humanities unit at the Cluster, develops metadata frameworks. Research results are published in international journals and book series. The Cluster has launched two book series -“Transcultural Research: Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context” and “Heidelberg Transcultural Studies” – as well as the e-journal “Transcultural Studies”. All of them are peer-reviewed. The Master of Arts program \"Transcultural Studies\" started in the winter term 2011/12 at Heidelberg University and combines interdisciplinary education with a transcultural focus. Language of instruction is English. The \"Graduate Programme for Transcultural Studies\" offers a structured doctoral program within the interdisciplinary research environment of the Cluster. Cluster of Excellence \"Asia and Europe in a Global Context\" The Cluster of Excellence \"Asia and Europe in a Global Context\""
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"Pak Sham Pak Chung Sham is a psychiatric geneticist. He holds the Suen Chi-Sun Professorship in Clinical Science at the University of Hong Kong, where he is also the Chair Professor in Psychiatric Genomics, Director of the Centre for Genomic Sciences, and Director of Academic Developments in the Department of Psychiatry. He was a Professor of Psychiatric and Statistical Genetics at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience from 2000 to 2006. He first joined the faculty of the University of Hong Kong as a visiting professor in 2004, where he became Chair Professor in Psychiatric Genomics in 2006. He is the editor-in-chief of the peer-reviewed journal \"Human Heredity\". Pak Sham Pak Chung Sham is a psychiatric geneticist. He holds the Suen Chi-Sun Professorship in Clinical Science at the University of Hong Kong, where he is also the Chair Professor in Psychiatric Genomics, Director of the Centre for Genomic Sciences, and Director of Academic Developments in the Department of Psychiatry. He was a Professor of Psychiatric and Statistical Genetics at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience from 2000 to 2006. He first joined the faculty of the University of Hong Kong as a visiting professor in 2004, where he"
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"David Avidan David Avidan (Hebrew: דוד אבידן) (February 21, 1934 – May 11, 1995) was an Israeli \"poet, painter, filmmaker, publicist, and playwright\" (as he often put it). He wrote 20 published books of Hebrew poetry. He was born in Tel Aviv, Israel, and studied Literature and Philosophy while briefly studying at Hebrew University. He wrote mostly in Hebrew, and was an avant-garde artist throughout his life. He translated many of his own poems into English, and received several awards both as a poet and as a translator. He was not popular with most critics or the general public throughout his life, often criticized as being egocentric, chauvinistic, and technocratic. His first book, \"Lipless Faucets\" (1954), was attacked by nearly all poetry critics; the first favorable review was by Gabriel Moked, editor of the literary quarterly \"Akhshav\", who later became one of Avidan's closest friends. By the early 1990s he could scarcely make a living, and his mental condition had deteriorated. Avidan died in Tel Aviv, the city which had played a central role in his life, and was, in many ways, the center of his creation. Since his death, Avidan's reputation has been on the rise both in literary circles and in the popular imagination, positioning him as one the core poets of the Israeli canon. A volume of Selected Poems by Avidan, \"Futureman,\" translated by Tsipi Keller, has been published by Phoneme Media in 2017. In 1993, Avidan was the co-recipient (jointly with Amalia Kahana-Carmon) of the Bialik Prize for Hebrew literature. David Avidan David Avidan (Hebrew: דוד אבידן) (February 21, 1934 – May 11, 1995) was an Israeli \"poet, painter, filmmaker, publicist, and playwright\" (as he often put it). He wrote 20 published books of Hebrew poetry. He was born in Tel Aviv, Israel, and studied Literature"
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"Empuriabrava Empuriabrava () is a community in the municipality of Castelló d'Empúries, in the Alt Empordà (Costa Brava, province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain). It is located in the Gulf of Roses, surrounded by the Natural Park of the Aiguamolls de l'Empordà, and is the largest residential marina in Europe, with some 24 km of navigable waterways. Originally built on a swamp, Empuriabrava was transformed into a tourist community, initially planned in 1964 and completed in 1975. The town has more than 40 km of canals and a seasonal, summer population of around 80,000. The Greco-Roman acropolis of Sant Martí d'Empúries is nearby. Its aerodrome (ICAO-code LEAP), immediately to the north of the town, offers a variety of air sports with services for all levels of skydiving: Skydive Empuriabrava is the center with the most skydiving jumps across Europe. From Europe: Crossing the French border by motorway AP-7 or state road N-II. The exit of the motorway is the nº 3. State road C-260, direction Figueres. The road that takes to our municipality is the C-260, taking the Figueres-Roses exit, direction Roses. From Barcelona or Girona: By motorway AP-7 or state road N-II. The exit of the motorway is the nº 4. State road C-260, direction France. The road that takes to our municipality is the C-260, taking the Figueres-Roses exit, direction Roses. From the Pyrenees: State road N-260, direction Figueres. After Navata, turn right, the road C-26 direction Castelló d'Empúries. Then, the state road N-II direction France. The road that takes to our municipality is the C-260, taking the Figueres-Roses exit, direction Roses. The nearest train station (RENFE) is in Figueres, 15 km from the municipality. From there, bus towards Castelló d'Empúries and Empuriabrava. AVE and TGV trains arrive at the Figueres-Vilafant railway station. From there, there are bus back to the bus Station in Figueres, and from the Bus Station, there are buses to Castelló d'Empúries and Empuriabrava. Additionally, the major international airport at Barcelona-El Prat is located 160km to the south, around two hours by car. Empuriabrava Empuriabrava () is a community in the municipality of Castelló d'Empúries, in the Alt Empordà (Costa Brava, province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain). It is located in the Gulf of Roses, surrounded by the Natural Park of the Aiguamolls de l'Empordà, and is the largest residential marina in Europe, with some 24 km of navigable waterways. Originally built on a swamp, Empuriabrava"
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"Cavell Nurses' Trust Cavell Nurses' Trust is a charitable organisation which supports the welfare of nurses, midwives and healthcare assistants in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1917 in the memory of British nurse Edith Cavell. , Its objective is \"to help the UK's 650,000 nurses, midwives and health care assistants, both working and retired, who are in need of support due to ill health, injury, financial difficulties and domestic abuse.\" In the five-year period before 2011, the fund provided thousands of nurses with support that totalled more than £2.5million. In 2015, more than 1,400 people received support from the trust. Edith Cavell was executed in 1915 during the First World War by a German firing squad. A year after her death \"The Lancet\" published a letter from her sister, who wrote to say Edith \"had long cherished the idea of establishing homes of rest for nurses.\" An appeal was set up, with the Edith Cavell Homes of Rest for Nurses registered as a war charity. By July 1918 Queen Alexandra had become the patron. The Daily Telegraph and the Daily Mirror launched a national appeal for funds in her memory. The appeal by the newspapers raised £12,500. By 1919, an Edith Cavell Home of Rest in Richmond was up and running. In 1921, administration of the Edith Cavell Homes of Rest for Nurses transferred to Nation's Fund for Nurses. In October 2012 NurseAid rebranded to \"Cavell Nurses' Trust\", changing their name and new logo to place more emphasis on their link with Edith Cavell. The trust is registered with the Charity Commission for England and Wales as the \"Edith Cavell Fund For Nurses\". In 2011 the trust launched student scholarship awards, offering five bursaries of up to £2,000 each. In 2013 the trust supported a campaign against domestic violence, then a Birmingham campaign against illegal money lenders and legal high interest lenders. In 2014 the trust were awarded a grant of £91,900 from the Heritage Lottery Fund to tell the story of Edith Cavell during the centenary year of her death (2015). In 2015 they ran a campaign called \"Moment of thanks\" where they invited patients and their families to share their stories. In December 2015 their campaign raised awareness of those nurses who are living in fuel poverty. In October 2016, the Trust released a report into the levels of hardship and domestic abuse faced by nursing professionals entitled \"Skint, shaken, yet still caring\". Cavell Nurses' Trust Cavell Nurses' Trust is a charitable organisation which supports the welfare of nurses, midwives and healthcare assistants in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1917 in the memory of British nurse Edith Cavell. , Its objective is \"to help the UK's 650,000 nurses, midwives and health care assistants, both working and retired, who are in need of support due to ill health, injury, financial difficulties and domestic abuse.\" In the five-year period before 2011, the fund provided thousands of nurses with support that totalled more than £2.5million. In 2015,"
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"Jedarpalayam Jedarpalayam is a small village and a panchayat in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu, India. Jedarpalayam is located from District Headquarters and from Taluk Headquarters Paramathi Velur. The village is located very close to Cauvery River. Village also well connected via Buses from near by towns and cities like Erode, Tiruchengode, Paramathi-Velur, Coimbatore and Salem . Its population around 4000 families. The economy of the village is primarily agricultural, with the major crops being sugar cane, turmeric and coconut trees and then silk saree handloom weaving and silk sarees retail shops are the most predominant one.Jedarpalayam cauvery river check dam,children's park and boat house are major tourist attractions and it also helps in boosting village economy Banks ATMs Jedarpalayam is having good number of reputed government and private schools to cater the primary and higher secondary school needs of nearby villages also. Jedarpalayam Jedarpalayam is a small village and a panchayat in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu, India. Jedarpalayam is located from District Headquarters and from Taluk Headquarters Paramathi Velur. The village is located very close to Cauvery River. Village also well connected via Buses from near by towns and cities like Erode, Tiruchengode, Paramathi-Velur, Coimbatore and Salem ."
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"Carolin Leonhardt Carolin Leonhardt (born 22 November 1984 in Lampertheim, Hesse) is a German sprint canoer who has competed since the 2000s. She won two medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens with a gold in the K-4 500 m and a silver in the K-2 500 m events. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she won a silver in the K-4 500 m. Leonhardt has also won fifteen medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with six golds (K-4 200 m: 2005, 2007, 2009; K-4 500 m: 2005, 2007; K-1 4 x 200 m: 2011), eight silvers (K-2 1000 m: 2009, 2010, 2013; K-4 200 m 2006, K-4 500 m: 2006, 2009, 2011; K-4 1000 m: 2006), and a bronze (K-4 1000 m: 2005). Carolin Leonhardt Carolin Leonhardt (born 22 November 1984 in Lampertheim, Hesse) is a German sprint canoer who has competed since the 2000s. She won two medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens with a gold in the K-4 500 m and a silver in the K-2 500 m events. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she won a silver in the K-4 500 m. Leonhardt has also won fifteen medals at the ICF Canoe"
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"Craig Nettelbeck Craig Nettelbeck (born 26 May 1972) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the Sydney Swans and Melbourne in the Australian Football League (AFL). Nettelbeck was signed by Sydney in 1989, from the Leeton Football Club in the New South Wales Riverina and would be used by the Swans both as a full-back and forward. He was delisted by Sydney after making just two appearances in each of the 1993 and 1994 seasons. Drafted by Fremantle, Nettelbeck moved to Western Australia in 1995 and took part in Fremantle's first official fixture, an Ansett Cup match against St Kilda. He was unable however to make an appearance for Fremantle in the AFL and spent the season in the West Australian Football League, playing for East Perth. Melbourne selected Nettelbeck in the 1996 Pre-season Draft, with the second overall selection and he played 20 games for them in his first season. He was troubled by a shoulder injury in 1997 and played only reserves football in 1998. Nettelbeck attempted to join his fourth club, the Western Bulldogs, in 1999 but was badly injured during a pre-season intra-club match. After his retirement from the sport he became a sports agent. Craig Nettelbeck Craig Nettelbeck (born 26 May 1972) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the Sydney Swans and Melbourne in the Australian Football League (AFL). Nettelbeck was signed by Sydney in 1989, from the Leeton Football Club in the New South Wales Riverina and would be used by the Swans both as a full-back and forward. He was delisted by Sydney after making just two appearances in each of the 1993 and 1994 seasons. Drafted by Fremantle, Nettelbeck moved to Western Australia in 1995 and took part in Fremantle's first official fixture, an Ansett Cup match"
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"Emilio Palacios Emilio José Palacios Luna (born 8 October 1982) is a Nicaraguan footballer who currently plays for Diriangén in the Primera División de Nicaragua. Palacios is Nicaragua's all-time national team record goalscorer with 11 goals. Palacios started his professional career at Diriangén and had a short spell with Parmalat. He moved abroad to join Salvadoran outfit Independiente in 2007, only to return to Nicaragua to play for Walter Ferretti, then Xilotepelt whom he helped promote to the top tier in June 2012. He returned to Diriangén in summer 2012. He was the top scorer of the Nicaraguan League in the championships Apertura 2002 (scoring 15 goals for Parmalat), Apertura 2003 (17 goals for Diriangén) and Apertura 2004 (14 goals for Diriangén). Palacios made his debut for Nicaragua in an April 2001 friendly match against Belize and has earned a total of 26 caps, scoring 11 goals. He has represented his country in 3 FIFA World Cup qualification matches and played at the 2001,2003, 2007, and 2009 UNCAF Nations Cups. He was the first Nicaraguan to score a hat-trick in an international competition, in February 2007, when Nicaragua won 4-2 against Belize, during the IX UNCAF Copa de Naciones. After a good performance in this event, he was contacted by Salvadoran side Independiente, and left Diriangen FC for the Salvadoran side. His final international was a January 2009 UNCAF Nations Cup match against Guatemala. Emilio Palacios Emilio José Palacios Luna (born 8 October 1982) is a Nicaraguan footballer who currently plays for Diriangén in the Primera División de Nicaragua. Palacios is Nicaragua's all-time national team record goalscorer with 11 goals. Palacios started his professional career at Diriangén and had a short spell with Parmalat. He moved abroad to join Salvadoran outfit Independiente in 2007, only to return to Nicaragua to"
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"Henry Wyatt (artist) Henry Wyatt (17 September 1794 – 27 February 1840), was an English portrait, subject and genre painter. Wyatt was born at Thickbroom, near Lichfield, Staffordshire on 17 September 1794. On the death of his father, when he was only three years old, he went to live at Birmingham with his guardian, Francis Eginton, the well-known glass-painter, who, finding he had an aptitude for art, sent him to London in 1811, and in the following year he was admitted to the school of the Royal Academy. In 1815 he entered the studio of Sir Thomas Lawrence as a pupil. At the end of 1817 he established himself as a portrait-painter, practising first at Birmingham and successively at Liverpool, and Manchester, also painting occasional subject pictures. In 1825 he settled in London, where he resided in Newman Street until 1834, when ill-health obliged him to move to Leamington. It was his intention to return to London in 1837, but having some portrait commissions in Manchester he first visited that town, and in the following April was seized with paralysis, from which he never recovered. Wyatt died at Prestwich, near Manchester, on 27 February 1840, and was buried in the churchyard of that village. He was a clever artist, a skilful draughtsman, and a good colourist, and both his portraits and subject-pictures earned him considerable popularity. \"Vigilance\" (Tate gallery) which was exhibited in the Royal Academy in 1836 (it was engraved by G. A. Periam); the \"Philosopher\", also called \"Galileo\" and \"Archimedes\", a fancy portrait, half-length life-size, exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1832 (engraved by Robert Bell). Popular works include: \"Fair Forester\" and \"Proffered Kiss\" (both engraved by George Thomas Doo), \"Juliet\", \"Chapeau Noir\", \"Gentle Reader\", \"The Romance\", \"Clara Mowbray\", and \"Mars and Venus\". He painted a portrait of Thomas Harrison (1744-1829), which was hung in Chester Castle, of which he was the architect. William Bradley (1801-1857) painted a portrait of Wyatt in 1839. He was a man of refined tastes, living a quiet bachelor life, but, as his sketch-books show, always industriously working at every variety of drawing; family groups, landscapes, cattle, buildings, shipping, animals of many kinds and flowers were alike drawn with the utmost care and with much ability. He exhibited 80 pictures in London between 1817 and 1838, including 35 at the Royal Academy. His younger brother, Thomas Wyatt (1799?-1859), was also a portrait painter. Henry Wyatt (artist) Henry Wyatt (17 September 1794 – 27 February 1840), was an English portrait, subject and genre painter. Wyatt was born at Thickbroom, near Lichfield, Staffordshire on 17 September 1794. On the death of his father, when he was only three years old, he went to live at Birmingham with his guardian, Francis Eginton, the well-known glass-painter, who, finding he had an aptitude for art, sent him to London in 1811, and in the following year he was admitted to the school of the Royal Academy. In 1815 he entered the studio of Sir Thomas Lawrence as a"
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"Loon (company) Loon LLC is an Alphabet Inc. subsidiary working on providing Internet access to rural and remote areas. The company uses high-altitude balloons placed in the stratosphere at an altitude of about to create an aerial wireless network with up to 4G-LTE speeds. It was named Project Loon, since even Google itself found the idea of providing Internet access to the remaining 5 billion population unprecedented and \"loony\". It may also be a reference to the balloons used. Loon began as a research and development project by X (formerly Google X), but was spun out into a separate company in July 2018. The balloons are maneuvered by adjusting their altitude in the stratosphere to float to a wind layer after identifying the wind layer with the desired speed and direction using wind data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Users of the service connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to their building. The signal travels through the balloon network from balloon to balloon, then to a ground-based station connected to an Internet service provider (ISP), then onto the global Internet. The system aims to bring Internet access to remote and rural areas poorly served by existing provisions, and to improve communication during natural disasters to affected regions. Key people involved in the project include Rich DeVaul, chief technical architect, who is also an expert on wearable technology; Mike Cassidy, a project leader; and Cyrus Behroozi, a networking and telecommunication lead. The balloons use patch antennas – which are directional antennas – to transmit signals to ground stations or LTE users. Some smartphones with Google SIM cards can use Google Internet services. The whole infrastructure is based on LTE; the eNodeB component (the equivalent of the \"base station\" that talks directly to handsets) is carried in the balloon. In 2008, Google considered contracting with or acquiring Space Data Corp., a company that sends balloons carrying small base stations about up in the air for providing connectivity to truckers and oil companies in the southern United States, but didn't do so. Unofficial development on the project began in 2011 under incubation in Google X with a series of trial runs in California's Central Valley. The project was officially announced as a Google project on June 14, 2013. On June 16, 2013, Google began a pilot experiment in New Zealand where about 30 balloons were launched in coordination with the Civil Aviation Authority from the Tekapo area in the South Island. About 50 local users in and around Christchurch and the Canterbury Region tested connections to the aerial network using special antennas. After this initial trial, Google plans on sending up 300 balloons around the world at the 40th parallel south that would provide coverage to New Zealand, Australia, Chile, and Argentina. Google hopes to eventually have thousands of balloons flying in the stratosphere. In May 2014, Google X laboratories director, Astro Teller, announced that, rather than negotiate a section of bandwidth that was free for them worldwide, they would instead become a temporary base station that could be leased by the mobile operators of the country it was crossing over. In May–June 2014 Google tested its balloon-powered internet access venture in Piauí, Brazil, marking its first LTE experiments and launch near the equator. In 2014 Google partnered with France's Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES) on the project. In February 2014, the record streak for a balloon lasting in the stratosphere was 50 days. In Nov 2014, the record was 130 days, and in March 2, 2015, the record for a continuous balloon flight is 187 days (over 6 months). On July 28, 2015, Google signed an agreement with officials of Information and Communication Technology Agency (ICTA) – Sri Lanka, to launch the technology on a mass scale. As a result, by March 2016, Sri Lanka will be the second country in the world to get full coverage of internet using LTE, after Vatican City. In February 2016, Google announced to have achieved a stable laser communication connection between two balloons over a distance of 62 miles (100 km). The connection was stable over many hours and during day and nighttime and reached a data rate of 155 Mbit/s. On February 25, 2016, Google started testing their autolauncher named \"Chicken Little\" at former naval station Roosevelt Roads located in Ceiba, Puerto Rico. In May 2017 Spacedata started proceedings for patent infringement, due in court in 2019. On October 6, 2017, Google filed an application with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and cleared it the same day, with authorization to start immediately to provide emergency LTE coverage to Puerto Rico in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria. The plan allows 30 balloons to relay communication between ground terminals connected to people's handsets. Google will have to install Over The Air (OTA) updates to allow Band 8 operations and at the end of the authorization, a separate OTA update will disable this operation. Puerto Rico Governor Ricardo Rosselló announced at a press conference on October 8, 2017 the launch of Google's Loon Project on the Caribbean island, following its approval by the FCC. On October 9, 2017, multiple balloons were spotted near Puerto Rico via Flightradar24. That same month, it was reported that the project had spun off into its own company Loon Inc; however, it was clarified that it still remained as a project at X, until July 2018. On November 9, 2017, it was reported that Google had launched several balloons from Nevada and positioned them over Puerto Rico as part of an effort to bring 100,000 people online. On July 11, 2018, X, Google's R&D facility, announced that Loon was \"graduating\", becoming an Alphabet subsidiary in its own right rather than a project of X. As part of its first commercial agreement with Telkom Kenya, Loon has pledged to bring internet access to some of Kenya's most inaccessible regions. to be live in 2019 Loon is Alphabet's pursuit to deploy a high-altitude balloon network operating in the stratosphere, at altitudes between 18 km and 25 km. Google asserts that this particular layer of the stratosphere is advantageous because of its relatively low wind speeds (e.g., wind speeds between 5 and 20 mph / 10 to 30 km/h) and minimal turbulence. Moreover, the company claims that it can model, with reasonable accuracy, the seasonal, longitudinal, and latitudinal variations in wind speeds within the 18–25 km stratospheric layer.<ref name=\"US 13/346,636\"></ref> Given a reasonably accurate model of wind speeds within the 18–25 km band, Loon claims that it can control the latitudinal and longitudinal position of high-altitude balloons by adjusting only the balloon's altitude. By adjusting the volume and density of the gas (e.g., helium, hydrogen, or another lighter-than-air compound) in the balloon, the balloon's variable buoyancy system is able to control the balloon's altitude. Google has additionally indicated that balloons may be constructed from various materials (e.g., metalized Mylar or BoPET) or a highly flexible latex or rubber material (e.g., chloroprene). Initially, the balloons communicated using unlicensed 2.4 and 5.8 GHz ISM bands, and Google claims that the setup allows it to deliver \"speeds comparable to 3G\" to users, but they then switched to LTE with cellular spectrum by cooperating with local telecommunication operators. It is unclear how technologies that rely on short communications times (low latency pings), such as VoIP, might need to be modified to work in an environment similar to mobile phones where the signal may have to relay through multiple balloons before reaching the wider Internet. Google also experimented with laser communication technology to interconnect balloons at high altitude and achieved a data rate of 155 Mbps over a distance of 62 miles (100 km). The first person to",
"or rubber material (e.g., chloroprene). Initially, the balloons communicated using unlicensed 2.4 and 5.8 GHz ISM bands, and Google claims that the setup allows it to deliver \"speeds comparable to 3G\" to users, but they then switched to LTE with cellular spectrum by cooperating with local telecommunication operators. It is unclear how technologies that rely on short communications times (low latency pings), such as VoIP, might need to be modified to work in an environment similar to mobile phones where the signal may have to relay through multiple balloons before reaching the wider Internet. Google also experimented with laser communication technology to interconnect balloons at high altitude and achieved a data rate of 155 Mbps over a distance of 62 miles (100 km). The first person to connect to the \"Google Balloon Internet\" after the initial test balloons were launched into the stratosphere was a farmer in the town of Leeston, New Zealand, who was one of 50 people in the area around Christchurch who agreed to be a pilot tester for Loon. The New Zealand farmer lived in a rural location that couldn't get broadband access to the Internet, and had used a satellite Internet service in 2009, but found that he sometimes had to pay over $1000 per month for the service. The locals knew nothing about the secret project other than its ability to deliver Internet connectivity, but allowed project workers to attach a basketball-sized receiver resembling a giant bright-red party balloon to an outside wall of their property in order to connect to the network. The technology designed in the project could allow countries to avoid using expensive fiber cable that would have to be installed underground to allow users to connect to the Internet. Alphabet feels this will greatly increase Internet usage in developing countries in regions such as Africa and Southeast Asia that can't afford to lay underground fiber cable. The balloon envelopes used in the project are made by Raven Aerostar, and are composed of polyethylene plastic about thick. The balloons are superpressure balloons filled with helium, standing across and tall when fully inflated. They carry a custom air pump system dubbed the \"Croce\" that pumps in or releases air to ballast the balloon and control its elevation. A small box weighing containing each balloon's electronic equipment hangs underneath the inflated envelope. This box contains circuit boards that control the system, radio antennas and a Ubiquiti Networks 'Rocket M2' to communicate with other balloons and with Internet antennas on the ground, and batteries to store solar power so the balloons can operate during the night. Each balloon's electronics are powered by an array of solar panels that sit between the envelope and the hardware. In full sun, the panels produce 100 watts of power, which is sufficient to keep the unit running while also charging a battery for use at night. A parachute attached to the top of the envelope allows for a controlled descent and landing when a balloon is ready to be taken out of service. In the case of an unexpected failure, the parachute deploys automatically. When taken out of service, the balloon is guided to an easily reached location, and the helium is vented into the atmosphere. The balloons typically have a maximum life of about 100 days, although Google claims that its tweaked design can enable them to stay aloft for closer to 200 days. The prototype ground stations use a Ubiquiti Networks 'Rocket M5' radio and a custom patch antenna to connect to the balloons at a height of . Some reports have called Google's project the Google Balloon Internet. The balloons are equipped with automatic dependent surveillance – broadcast and so can be publicly tracked (along with other balloons) with the call-sign \"HBAL\" Loon has generally been well received, although Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project developers and astronomers have raised concerns that the lower of the two ISM bands that Loon uses (2.4 GHz) will interfere with the mid-band frequency range (0.5 GHz–3 GHz) used in the SKA project. Alphabet has not yet specified the costs of this project. Loon (company) Loon LLC is an Alphabet Inc. subsidiary working on providing Internet access to rural and remote areas. The company uses high-altitude balloons placed in the stratosphere at an altitude of about to create an aerial wireless network with up to 4G-LTE speeds. It was named Project Loon, since even Google itself found the idea of providing"
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"Kenn Scott (actor) Kenn Troum, also known as Kenn Scott, is an American actor, screenwriter and director. Kenneth Scott Troum was born in New York City and presently lives in Fort Worth. A martial artist and former stuntman, he is most well known as an actor. His most noteworthy credit is his portrayal of Raphael in the hit film \"\", under his real name Kenn Troum. He subsequently changed his stage name to Kenn Scott, and broadened his experience to working in action cinema both in front of and behind the camera. As \"Kenn Scott\", he had starring roles in the direct-to-video action-adventure films \"Showdown\", \"Star Hunter\", and \"Sworn To Justice\", and received national press attention for his directorial debut, the short, martial-arts comedy \"Better Never Than Late\" as well as the action film, \"\". Kenn Scott (actor) Kenn Troum, also known as Kenn Scott, is an American actor, screenwriter and director. Kenneth Scott Troum was born in New York City and presently lives in Fort Worth. A martial artist and former stuntman, he is most well known as an actor. His most noteworthy credit is his portrayal of Raphael in the hit film \"\", under his real name Kenn"
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"Maximilian Henry of Bavaria Maximilian Henry of Bavaria (: 8 October 1621 – 3 June 1688) was the third son and fourth child of Albert VI, landgrave of Leuchtenberg and his wife, Mechthilde von Leuchtenberg. In 1650, he was named Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, Bishop of Hildesheim and Bishop of Liège succeeding his uncle, Ferdinand of Bavaria. He worked throughout his career with the French to limit the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor, and participated in the Franco-Dutch War on the opposite side from the Empire. Around 1640, Maximilian was attending the Gymnasium Tricoronatum, and there he met Franz Egon of Fürstenberg and his brother William Egon of Fürstenberg. This friendship would guide all three careers. Before 1650, Maximilian was elected coadjutor in Cologne, which made him the clear successor for his uncle. By that time, the Egons of Fürstenberg had joined the privy council of the Archbishop-Elector, and they assisted their friend when his uncle died. Maximilian made Franz his prime minister. When Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor died in 1657, Maximillian and the Electors of Mainz and Trier sent William to Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria to see if he would be willing to be put forth as the next Emperor in opposition to his Habsburg cousins, but he declined. When it became clear that Leopold I was going to win the election, Maximilian worked with the other Electors to put restrictions on his authority, forcing him to sign a statement that he would not support Spain in any way. Maximilian crowned Leopold on 31 July 1658. Shortly after, he reminded the Emperor that he must abide by the restrictions, as that was the only way he won the crown. Another of the terms that Maximilian and his fellow electors imposed on the Emperor was that the Archbishop-Electors should have the freedom to remove the Papal nuncio from the Empire. In 1662, there was an effort started at Cologne to join the Imperial and French churches to force changes at Rome, though this did not go very far. In 1659, Cardinal Mazarin asked Maximilian and the Elector of Mainz to oversee negotiations to end the Franco-Spanish War. Maximilian thereafter sent William regularly to the negotiations and ultimately the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees. In 1665, William brought Maximilian funds from France to raise an army. The intent was for Cologne to support French interests in the upcoming War of Devolution. Maximilian agreed, as he hoped to gain additional territory for his own realm in the bargain. In 1667, William convinced Maximilian to send him to Vienna to explore the Emperor's feelings about the succession for the weak new Charles II of Spain, perhaps partitioning the Netherlands from Spain upon his death. The French were happy to have this sent in Maximilian's name, so that they could determine the answer without receiving any blame. In the run up to the Franco-Dutch War, Maximilian continued to work with the French, though the people in his territories were uneasy. In 1670, the city leaders of Cologne received Imperial permission to host a Dutch garrison of 5000 infantry and 1000 cavalry, hoping to be protected against an expected French army. In 1671, Maximilian agreed that the French could freely travel through his territory, and the French began establishing warehouses and strategic infrastructure. When the people began to complain about these preparations for war, Maximilian blamed William, but was mollified by the receipt of additional French funds. When the Emperor joined the war on the side of the Dutch in 1672, Maximilian's lands were attacked, and he sought more French help and funding. When William was arrested on 14 February 1674 for his work against the Habsburgs, Maximilian quickly negotiated an end to Cologne's involvement in the war. The treaty with the Dutch included a general amnesty for officers on both sides, with an exception for those convicted of treason, inserted to allow the Austrians to continue to hold William. By December of that year, Maximilian signed a treaty with Austria to never allow the Fürstenbergs to work for him again. This treaty was kept secret until 1677, as Maximilian was afraid of French reprisal for his betrayal of their agent. In 1683, he was named Bishop of Münster, but Pope Innocent XI refused to confirm this nomination. He died in 1688 and was succeeded by Joseph Clemens of Bavaria. Maximilian Henry of Bavaria Maximilian Henry of Bavaria (: 8 October 1621 – 3 June 1688) was the third son and fourth child of Albert VI, landgrave of Leuchtenberg and his wife, Mechthilde von Leuchtenberg. In 1650, he was named Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, Bishop of Hildesheim and Bishop of Liège succeeding his uncle, Ferdinand of Bavaria. He worked throughout his career with the French to limit the authority of the Holy"
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"Savissivik Savissivik (West Greenlandic; old spelling: \"Savigsivik\") or Havighivik (Inuktun) is a settlement in the Qaasuitsup municipality in northern Greenland. Located on Meteorite Island, off the northern shores of Melville Bay, the settlement had 66 inhabitants in 2010. In the Greenlandic language, the name \"Savissivik\" means \"Place of Meteoric Iron\" or \"Knives\", alluding to the numerous meteorite fragments that have been found in the area dating to about 10,000 years ago. The Cape York meteorite is estimated to have weighed 100 tonnes before it exploded. The iron from the meteorite is believed to have attracted migrating Inuit from Arctic Canada. Air Greenland operates settlement flights to Qaanaaq Airport via Thule Air Base. The twice-weekly flights are subsidized by the Government of Greenland. Transfers at the airbase are subject to access restrictions by the Danish Foreign Ministry. The population of Savissivik decreased by over 40 percent relative to the 1990 levels, and by 10 percent relative to 2000 levels. Savissivik Savissivik (West Greenlandic; old spelling: \"Savigsivik\") or Havighivik (Inuktun) is a settlement in the Qaasuitsup municipality in northern Greenland. Located on Meteorite Island, off the northern shores of Melville Bay, the settlement had 66 inhabitants in 2010. In the Greenlandic language,"
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"Trimeresurus labialis Trimeresurus labialis, commonly called Nicobar bamboo pit viper, is a venomous pit viper species endemic to the Nicobar Islands of India. No subspecies are currently recognized. Found only in the Nicobar Islands of India. The type locality given is \"\"den Nikobaren\"\". Males may attain a total length of 42 cm (16½ in), with a tail 8 cm (3⅛ in) long; females, total length 44 cm (17¼ in), tail 7 cm (2¾ in). Dorsally, \"T. labialis\" is brown, either light or dark, with or without darker spots or transverse bars. It may have a light streak on each side of the head, beginning at the snout, continuing under the eye, to the neck. Ventrally, it is also brown. The dorsal scales are smooth, and are usually in 23 rows at midbody. Ventrals: 158-170 in males; 154-174 in females. Subcaudals: 60-65 in males; 46-57 in females. The subcaudals are usually double, but there may be some interspersed singles. Trimeresurus labialis Trimeresurus labialis, commonly called Nicobar bamboo pit viper, is a venomous pit viper species endemic to the Nicobar Islands of India. No subspecies are currently recognized. Found only in the Nicobar Islands of India. The type locality given is \"\"den"
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"Antrophyopsis manniana Antrophyopsis manniana is a species of the genus \"Antrophyopsis\", a vittarioid fern occurring in the African rain forest and montane forest of East Africa and the Albertine Rift. The type specimen was first collected by Gustav Mann in 1860 on the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), formerly known as Fernando Po, at 3000 ft above sea level. William Jackson Hooker described the species in his book \"A second century of ferns\" in 1861, placing it in the genus \"Antrophyum\". It was reclassified into the genus \"Scoliosorus\" by E.H. Crane in 1997, but a molecular phylogeny by Eric Schuettpelz \"et al.\" in 2016 found that it belonged to a small group of species sister to the rest of \"Antrophyum\", which was raised to generic level as \"Antrophyopsis\". Antrophyopsis manniana Antrophyopsis manniana is a species of the genus \"Antrophyopsis\", a vittarioid fern occurring in the African rain forest and montane forest of East Africa and the Albertine Rift. The type specimen was first collected by Gustav Mann in 1860 on the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), formerly known as Fernando Po, at 3000 ft above sea level. William Jackson Hooker described the species in his book \"A second century of"
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"Gwangju World Cup Stadium, Gwangju Attendance:27,217 Referee:Kyros Vassaras (Greece) \n---\n The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup or the Soccer World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946, due to World War II. \n China PR | 0–2 | Costa Rica \n---|---|--- \n| (Report) | Gómez 61' Wright 65' \n Brazil | 4–0 | China PR \n---|---|--- \nRoberto Carlos 15' Rivaldo 32' Ronaldinho 45' (pen.) Ronaldo 55' | (Report) | \n Jeju World Cup Stadium, Seogwipo Attendance:36,750 Referee:Anders Frisk (Sweden) \n---\n * Draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks. \n 13 June 2002 15:30 \n---\n FIFA World Cup matches (by team) \n--- \nOpponent | Wins | Draws | Losses | Total | Goals Scored | Goals Conceded \nBrazil | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | \nCosta Rica | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | \nTurkey | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | \n Turkey | 3–0 | China PR \n---|---|--- \nŞaş 6' Korkmaz 9' Davala 85' | (Report) | \n Seoul World Cup Stadium, Seoul Attendance:43,605 Referee:Óscar Ruiz (Colombia) \n---\n Team | Pld | | | | GF | GA | GD | Pts \n---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \nBrazil | | | 0 | 0 | 11 | | \\+8 | 9 \nTurkey | | | | | 5 | | \\+2 | \nCosta Rica | | | | | 5 | 6 | − 1 | \nChina PR | | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 9 | − 9 | 0 \n Year | Round | Position | GP | | D * | | GS | GA \n---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \n1930 to 1954 | Did not enter \n1958 | Did not qualify \n1962 to 1978 | Did not enter \n1982 to 1998 | Did not qualify \n2002 | Group Stage | 31st | | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 9 \n2006 to 2018 | Did not qualify \nTotal | 1/21 | \\- | | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 9 \n * * * \nChina Squad–2002 FIFA World Cup \n--- \n \n * 1 An Qi \n * 2 Zhang Enhua \n * 3 Yang Pu \n * 4 Wu Chengying \n * 5 Fan Zhiyi \n * 6 Shao Jiayi \n * 7 Sun Jihai \n * 8 Li Tie \n * 9 Ma Mingyu (c) \n * 10 Hao Haidong \n * 11 Yu Genwei \n * 12 Su Maozhen \n * 13 Gao Yao \n * 14 Li Weifeng \n * 15 Zhao Junzhe \n * 16 Qu Bo \n * 17 Du Wei \n * 18 Li Xiaopeng \n * 19 Qi Hong \n * 20 Yang Chen \n * 21 Xu Yunlong \n * 22 Jiang Jin \n * 23 Ou Chuliang \n * Coach:Milutinović \n\n| \n China PR v Costa Rica \n 4 June 2002 15:30 \n---\n This article is about the People's Republic of China national football team's recent record at the FIFA World Cup. \n The China national team was founded in 1924 and joined FIFA in 1931–1958, and then from 1979. China first entered World Cup qualification in 1957 in an attempt to qualify for the 1958 FIFA World Cup. China failed to score a goal in their maiden World Cup appearance in 2002. However, qualifying for the tournament has been considered the greatest accomplishment in China's football history. As football is widely followed in China, triumph by the national team is considered to be a source of national pride. Around 300 million people tuned into broadcasts of China's World Cup 2002 matches, with 170 million new television sets being purchased by citizens in order to watch their nation's first World Cup appearance. The team is colloquially referred to as Team China (中国 队), the National Team (国家 队) or Guozu (国足, lit. \"national foot\"). \n 8 June 2002 20:30 \n---"
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"Mariina skála The Mariina skála, (German: \"Marienfels\") is a 428 m rocky hill in the Czech Republic, located in the region of Bohemian Switzerland not far from Jetřichovice (\"Dittersbach\"). It was named in the 19th century after Princess Marie Kinsky. Before that, the hill was known as the \"Spitzgestein\" or \"Grosser Spitziger\". The hill is one of the best viewing points in Bohemian Switzerland. In 1856 a wooden refuge hut was erected on the hilltop by Ferdinand Bonaventura, 7th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau, that acted as a fire observation tower. In the night of 9 September 2005 the hut was badly damaged by a forest fire. The cost of the damage came to 200,000 Kč. Another forest fire in the area of the Marienfelsen occurred on 22 July 2006. The hut - that had been replaced just three weeks earlier - escaped further damage. The Kinsky family did a lot of work in the 19th century in opening up the rock landscape around Dittersbach. Mariina skála The Mariina skála, (German: \"Marienfels\") is a 428 m rocky hill in the Czech Republic, located in the region of Bohemian Switzerland not far from Jetřichovice (\"Dittersbach\"). It was named in the"
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"Finally It's Christmas Finally It's Christmas is the second Christmas album by American pop rock group Hanson. The band wrote and produced the album with Mark Hudson, who also collaborated on the band's first Christmas release, \"Snowed In\" (1997). Several of the band's children also make appearances in some songs. The album was released on October 27, 2017. Taylor Hanson on why it took so long to do another Christmas album: The album features a mix of classic Christmas covers from Elvis Presley's \"Blue Christmas\" to Mariah Carey's \"All I Want for Christmas Is You\" (renamed \"All I Want for Christmas\") as well as a mash up of \"Joy to the World\" and \"Go Tell It on the Mountain\" and four original songs. Track listing adapted from the iTunes Store. Finally It's Christmas Finally It's Christmas is the second Christmas album by American pop rock group Hanson. The band wrote and produced the album with Mark Hudson, who also collaborated on the band's first Christmas release, \"Snowed In\" (1997). Several of the band's children also make appearances in some songs. The album was released on October 27, 2017. Taylor Hanson on why it took so long to do another Christmas"
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"Tampella Oy Tampella Ab was a Finnish heavy industry manufacturer, a maker of paper machines, locomotives, military weaponry, as well as wood-based products such as packaging. The company was based mainly in the city of Tampere. Until 1963 the company was called Tampereen Pellava- ja Rauta-Teollisuus Osake-Yhtiö (The Flax and Iron Industry of Tampere Stock Company). In Swedish it was called Tammerfors Linne-&Jern-Manufakt.A.B.. In 1993 the company’s forest and packaging business was bought by Enso-Gutzeit Oy. Tampereen Pellava- ja Rautateollisuus Oy was a company based on the merger in 1861 of two factories - a linen mill and foundry - situated by the Tammerkoski rapids. After a modest start it grew to become an institution employing thousands of people in the centre of Tampere alone, and more in its other units. In the 1950s the company's name was shortened to Tampella. The company went into decline during the 1980s and eventually went bankrupt in 1990. This was at a time just before the economic recession of the early 1990s. After bankruptcy the company's operations were split and sold to various, mostly international, owners. Among the company's products was the manufacture of linen: in later times this was not an important product, but the company continued it for apparently historic reasons. However, its main concern was iron and steel products. These included grave crosses (in the very early days), guns, mining drills, paper machines, locomotives (both steam and diesel), steam boilers and turbines. The company also produced cardboard and packaging at its Inkeroinen mill. The industrial activity, under the new ownership, in the centre of Tampere gradually ceased and the machines finally stopped operating in 2000. Soon after this many of the buildings in the industrial complex have been taken into new uses as museums, cultural centres, artist's workshops etc. though some had already been demolished. Other buildings were converted to new commercial uses, but many were demolished to make way for blocks of flats. Together with an Israeli cooperative organisation Solel Boneh, Tampella also founded the Israeli defence contractor Soltam, in 1950. Tampella Oy Tampella Ab was a Finnish heavy industry manufacturer, a maker of paper machines, locomotives, military weaponry, as well as wood-based products such as packaging. The company was based mainly in the city of Tampere. Until 1963 the company was called Tampereen Pellava- ja Rauta-Teollisuus Osake-Yhtiö (The Flax and Iron Industry of Tampere Stock Company). In Swedish"
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"Shenandoah (beard) A Shenandoah is a style of facial hair or beard. The hair is grown full and long over the jaw and chin, meeting with the sideburns but lacking a moustache. Other names for this style are, in alphabetical order: Amish, chin curtain, Donegal, Lincoln, spade, and whaler. Depending on the style, there are subtle differences in the shape, size and general manageability by each style. The Shenandoah, specifically, tends to be somewhat longer than the chin curtain. The chin curtain beard is a particular style of facial hair that grows along the jaw line and covers the chin completely. This is not to be confused with the chinstrap beard—a similar style of beard that also grows along the jaw line but does not fully cover the chin. In addition, many chin curtain beards do not extend that far below the jawline, if at all, whereas all chinstrap beards generally do. This style of facial hair was made famous by individuals such as Abraham Lincoln and C. Everett Koop. In Spain, it could be largely associated with 1970s \"progres\" and other cultural icons, such as writer Álvaro Pombo. In the United States, this beard style remains common among married Amish men. Male members of the sect generally grow a beard after baptism, but shave the mustache off. Shenandoah (beard) A Shenandoah is a style of facial hair or beard. The hair is grown full and long over the jaw and chin, meeting with the sideburns but lacking a moustache. Other names for this style are, in alphabetical order: Amish, chin curtain, Donegal, Lincoln, spade, and whaler. Depending on the style, there are subtle differences in the shape, size and general manageability by each style. The Shenandoah, specifically, tends to be somewhat longer than the chin curtain. The chin curtain"
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"Temoe Temoe, or Te Moe, is a small atoll of the Gambier Islands in French Polynesia. It is located in the far southeast of the Tuamotu group archipelago. It lies about 37 km southeast from the Gambier Islands and more than southeast from Mataiva, at the other end of the Tuamotu archipelago. Temoe Atoll is trapezoidal in shape and bound by a continuous reef with many small shallow spillways. It is and has a maximum width of . The lagoon has a maximum depth of . Its islands are low and flat and the lagoon has no navigable pass to enter it. Temoe is permanently uninhabited. Administratively it belongs to the commune of the Gambier Islands. Temoe was formerly inhabited. There are ancient Polynesian archaeological remains on this lonely atoll; foremost among these are temple structures (marae). It is said that buccaneer Edward Davis might have arrived at Temoe and Mangareva in 1686. But there is no historical proof of this fact. The first recorded European to effectively arrive at Temoe was British mariner James Wilson on the ship \"Duff\" in 1797. Captain Wilson named this atoll \"Crescent Island\". In 1838 Christian missionaries moved all the inhabitants of Temoe to Mangareva to help in construction work. There is an account of fact mixed with fantasy about \"Crescent Island\". The author is Mr. William (Bill) Turner from Cypress, Texas. Turner has even minted Crescent Island currency, known as \"Poa\". Temoe Temoe, or Te Moe, is a small atoll of the Gambier Islands in French Polynesia. It is located in the far southeast of the Tuamotu group archipelago. It lies about 37 km southeast from the Gambier Islands and more than southeast from Mataiva, at the other end of the Tuamotu archipelago. Temoe Atoll is trapezoidal in shape and bound by a"
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"Kala Tour The Kala Tour is a 2007 global M.I.A. concert tour performed in support of her studio album \"Kala\" (see 2007 in music). The tour features dates across Europe, North America, Canada and Asia. M.I.A. began performing in support of \"Kala\" at Radio 1's Big Weekend on 20 May 2007. She made sporadic appearances at venues in the US during late 2006, including performances at Gotham Hall in New York City on 31 August 2006 where other performing acts included Cee-lo and The Rapture, and at McCarren Pool on 3 September 2006 where other performers included Spank Rock and Amanda Blank. This tour followed recording for \"Kala,\" and the Arular Tour, which ended in February 2006 with performances in Japan. The 2007 \"Kala\" tour was announced by M.I.A. on her official website and Myspace page. The setlist featured songs heard for the first time from her studio album \"Kala\" (2007), and also included songs from previous album \"Arular\" (2005). Dates included concerts at music festivals, universities, colleges and club venues around the world. Concerts during the tour often began with political activist Koichi Toyama on a panoramic screen delivering an anarchic speech, ordering the overthrow of a government. The setlist often began with \"Kala's\" opening track \"Bamboo Banga.\" M.I.A. selected programming, beats and videos during her set using a Lemur Input Device on stage, and performed dates with back up singer Cherry, DJs Sinden and Low B, supporting vocalists and backup dancers \"The Coconut Twins\" (Kesh and Zezi Ifore). On the back screen, disembodied images and film footage of break-dancing street kids, strippers, tigers, war, video games, political rhetoric, graphs, globes, laughing women and large concert crowds from her previous shows are played throughout the show. Fans were often invited on stage during the performance of \"Bird Flu.\" M.I.A. has collaborated with CassettePlaya, Ashish and Brian Lichtenberg and as with the Arular Tour she wore some of her own designs on tour. T-shirts such as the \"How Many How Many\" Tees from the \"Boyz\" set were sold as tour merchandise at gigs and via her website. \"Kala Tour Tees\" from her \"Kala Tour/Okley Run\" line were released in 2008. M.I.A.'s date at the House of Blues in Chicago, US was performed with Lupe Fiasco and Emily King, whilst her dates at the Arena of Nîmes in France and at the Fox Theater in the US were performed opening for Björk. Her date at the Verizon Wireless Theatre was performed with Paul Wall. Although reports suggested that M.I.A was booked and subsequently cancelled an appearance at the Glastonbury Festival in 2007, a statement released by M.I.A.'s agents explained \"\"Contrary to printed reports in the Guardian Guide, M.I.A. advised Glastonbury that she was unavailable to perform in late May. We are sorry if fans were led to believe otherwise. M.I.A. looks forward to performing next year.“\" More dates were added to her US tour after September 2007 due to high demand. M.I.A. ended 2007 with a mini-tour of venues across the U.K. She and her label XL Recordings made available a tour diary of her late 2007 UK dates in different parts to view on YouTube. Opening acts throughout her tour included The Gray Kid, Rye Rye, Santigold, Holy Fuck, The Cool Kids, Soko, Radioclit, Buraka Som Sistema and Afrikan Boy. Her DJs also often played opening sets before her shows. On her YouTube account, M.I.A. posted a video of her and her tourmates during an encore performance of \"Paper Planes at the Electric Factory in Philadelphia, where she named the tour the \"KALA Back 2 P.O.W.A. Tour.\" The KALA tour ended in December 2007, with will.i.am, Paul Wall, the Beastie Boys, Nick Zinner and Brian Chase of the Yeah Yeah Yeahs and Pavement's Mark Ibold among attendees. It was followed by M.I.A.'s People vs. Money Tour in 2008. M.I.A. did not follow the same setlist at every show, but played combinations of the following songs. \"Galang\" and \"Paper Planes\" were variably chosen as the final song she played for the encore depending on the venue. During the Terminal 5 club performance, part of the CMJ Music Marathon, she performed mash ups of New Order's \"Blue Monday\" with \"Jimmy\", \"10 Dollar\" with the Eurythmics' \"Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)\", (from the mixtape \"Piracy Funds Terrorism\") and \"Galang\" with Lil Mama's \"Lip Gloss\". It was noted that the latter \"served as a reminder of how much the mainstream pop/dance/rap landscape has shifted since M.I.A. first appeared in 2004, and how much certain megahits such as Fergie's \"London Bridge\" have come to resemble her sound.\" Encore: Kala Tour The Kala Tour is a 2007 global M.I.A. concert tour performed in support of her studio album \"Kala\" (see 2007 in music). The tour features dates across Europe, North America, Canada and Asia. M.I.A."
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"Kha (Indic) Kha is the second consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, kha is derived from the Brahmi letter , which is probably derived from the Aramaic (\"Q\"). Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The values of the different forms of are: The original Indic letter Kha is attested in three different forms. The first is in standard Brahmi, , the second in the Brahmi variant, Tocharian, also known as \"slanting\" Brahmi. The third form of Kha, in Kharoshthi (𐨑) was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter. The Brahmi letter , kha, is derived from the Aramaic , Q, and is related to the modern Latin Q and archaic Greek Koppa. The Tocharian, also called slanting Brahmi, letter is a variant of the Brahmi . Like its Brahmi counterpart, the Kharoshthi letter 𐨑 is also derived from the Aramaic , and is thus related to Q and Koppa, as well as the Brahmi kha. Kha (ख) is the second consonant of the Devanagari abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , after having gone through the Gupta letter . Letters that derive from it are the Gujarati letter ખ and the Modi letter 𑘏. In all languages, is pronounced as or when appropriate. Because of borrowings from languages with different phonemic inventories, Devanagari has employed the nukta to create an additional related letter ḫa that can be used to retain non-native distinctions in Hindi texts. Like most Devanagari letters, in modern texts does not form any irregular ligatures, and assumes a half form to create conjuncts, such as + = . The Bengali script is derived from the Siddhaṃ , and is marked by the lack of a horizontal head line, unlike its Devanagari counterpart, . The inherent vowel of Bengali consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter will sometimes be transliterated as \"kho\" instead of \"kha\". Adding okar, the \"o\" vowel mark, , gives a reading of /kho/. Like all Indic consonants, can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent \"a\". is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including Bengali and Assamese. Bengali does not exhibit any irregular conjunct ligatures, beyond adding the standard trailing forms of , \"ya-phala\", and \"ra-phala\", and the leading \"repha\" form of . Khakhaa (ਖ) is the seventh letter of the Gurmukhi alphabet. Its name is [kʰəkʰːɑ] and is pronounced as /kʰ/ when used in words. It is derived from the Laṇḍā letter \"kha\", ultimately from the Brahmi \"kha\". Gurmukhi kha does not have a special pairin or addha (reduced) form for making conjuncts, and in modern Punjabi texts does not take a half form or halant to indicate the bare consonant /kʰ/, although Gurmukhi Sanskrit texts may use an explicit halant. Kha (ખ) is the second letter of the Gujarati script. It is derived from 16th century Devanagari letter kha (ख), with the top bar removed. Like most Gujarati letters, it forms conjunct clusters with a half-form, where the vertical stem on the right is dropped and the remaining letter body appended to the following letter: ખ્ખ The Oriya letter kha (ଖ) is the second letter of the Oriya script. It is derived from the Brahmi-based Kalinga \"kha\". It does not form conjunct ligatures with other characters, and like other Oriya letters with an open top, takes the subjoined matra form of the vowel \"i\" (ଇ): ଖି Its subjoined form is identical to, though smaller than, its full form: ଖ୍ଖ Kha (ఖ) is the second letter of the Telugu script. It is derived from the Bhattiprolu letter \"kha\", and is very closely related to the Kannada ಖ \"kha\". Since it lacks the v-shaped headstroke common to most Telugu letters, ఖ remains unaltered by most vowel matras, and its subjoined form is simply a smaller version of the normal letter shape: ఖ్ఖ Kannada kha (ಖ) is the second letter of its script, and like its closely related Telugu counterpart ఖ, is derived from the Bhattiprolu letter \"kha\". Like its Telugu counterpart, it is generally unchanged by matras, and its subjoined form is the same as its full form: ಖ್ಖ Kha (ഖ) is the second letter of the Malayalam script. It is derived from the Grantha \"kha\". It does not exhibit ligation in conjuncts with other letters, does not have a chillu (bare consonant) form, and uses the explicit virama unless coupled with the normal post-base and repha consonant forms. The Sinhala Suddha ka (ඛ), called mahaapraana kayanna in Unicode, is the second letter of the Sinhala alphabet, and is part of the Miśra set of Sinhala consonants. Although it is derived from the Grantha letter \"kha\", modern Sinhala no longer distinguishes between aspirated (Miśra) and unaspirated (Śuddha) consonants, and ඛ is pronounced the same as ක, \"ka\", but is used for loanwords and in higher register writing. ඛ does not have any unique ligatures or conjunct forms, and displays an explicit virama as the first member of a conjunct cluster. Kho khai (ข) and kho khuat (ฃ) are the second and third letters of the Thai script. They fall under the high class of Thai consonants. In IPA, kho khai and kho khuat are pronounced as [kʰ] at the beginning of a syllable and are pronounced as [k̚] at the end of a syllable. Both kho khwai and kho khuat are derived from the old Khmer \"kha.\" The next three letters of the alphabet, \"kho khwai\" (ค), \"kho khon\" (ฅ), and \"kho ra-khang\" (ฆ), are also named \"kho\", however, they all fall under the low class of Thai consonants. Unlike many Indic scripts, Thai consonants do not form conjunct ligatures, and use the pinthu\"—\"an explicit virama with a dot shape—to indicate bare consonants. In the acrophony of the Thai script, \"khai \"(ไข่) means ‘egg’. \"Kho khai\" corresponds to the Sanskrit character ‘ख’. In the acrophony of the Thai script, \"khuat \"(ขวด) means ‘bottle’. Kho khuat (ฃ) represents the voiceless velar fricativesound /x/ that existed in Old Thai at the time the alphabet was created but no longer exists in Modern Thai. When the Thai script was developed, the voiceless velar fricative sound did not have a Sanskrit or Pali counterpart so the character \"kho khai\" was slightly modified to create \"kho khuat\". During the Old Thai period, this sound merged into the aspirated stop /kʰ/, and as a result the use of this letters became unstable. Although \"kho khuat\" is now obsolete, it remains in dictionaries, preserving the traditional count of 44 letters in the Thai alphabet. When the first Thai typewriter was developed by Edwin Hunter McFarland in 1892, there was simply no space for all characters, thus \"kho khuat\" was of the two letters left out along with \"kho khon\". Although \"kho khuat\" does not appear in modern Thai orthography, some writers and publishers are trying to reintroduce its usage. Kho sung or kʰāi (ຂ) is the second letter of the Lao script. It is derived from the old Khmer \"kha\", and is essentially a fossil of Thai kho khai as it existed in the 14th century. Like its Thai counterpart, it is a high tone letter and does not form ligatures or conjuncts. Kha (ཁ) is the second letter of the Tibetan script, and is derived from the equivalent Siddhaṃ letter. As with all Tibetan letters, it can appear as a head consonant or subjoined to a head consonant. Like many Indic scripts, the halant - an explicit virama - can be used for indicating a bare consonant, although subjoined forms are used to form consonant conjuncts. The subjoined form of \"kha\" is essentially identical to its head form: ཁྑ Kha () is the second letter of the Burmese (Myanmar) script, and is probably derived from the Grantha letter \"kha\". Like many Burmese letters, it is not seen with the virama, as /kh/ does not occur syllable finally. It can form conjuncts with other velar letters in abbreviations and foreign terms: Kha (Indic) Kha is the second consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, kha is derived from the Brahmi letter , which is probably derived from the Aramaic (\"Q\"). Aryabhata used Devanagari",
"as a head consonant or subjoined to a head consonant. Like many Indic scripts, the halant - an explicit virama - can be used for indicating a bare consonant, although subjoined forms are used to form consonant conjuncts. The subjoined form of \"kha\" is essentially identical to its head form: ཁྑ Kha () is the second letter of the Burmese (Myanmar) script, and is probably derived from the Grantha letter \"kha\". Like many Burmese letters, it is not seen with the virama, as /kh/ does not occur syllable finally. It can form conjuncts with other velar letters in abbreviations and foreign terms: Kha (Indic) Kha is the second consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, kha is derived from the Brahmi letter , which is probably derived from the Aramaic (\"Q\"). Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The values of the different forms of"
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"The Lady Is a Tramp (TV series) The lady is a tramp (also known as Lady Is a Tramp) is a television programme in the situation comedy format that was one of the first series to be shown on the then-new British television channel, Channel 4, between 1983 and 1984. (It started on 8 January 1983; the channel had begun broadcasting only the previous November.) Written by Johnny Speight, the programme lasted for two series, and totalled 13 episodes. Old Pat and Lanky Pat are a pair of elderly tramps or \"bag ladies\" who have spent many years sleeping rough in such places as on park benches in London. The two move into a derelict van in an apparently unused yard. They then resist repeated attempts to move them from their new home. The character of Old Pat echoes the title role in the Jeremy Sandford drama \"Edna the Inebriate Woman\" which Hayes had played in 1971, but is done with a greater sense of comedy. According to her autobiography, Hayes used costume items from her performance as Edna in the role of Old Pat. The Lady Is a Tramp (TV series) The lady is a tramp (also known as"
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"Maurice J. Tobin Maurice Joseph Tobin (May 22, 1901July 19, 1953) was a Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts, the Governor of Massachusetts, and United States Secretary of Labor. He was a Democrat and a liberal who supported the New Deal and Fair Deal programs, and was outspoken in his support for labor unions. However, he had little success battling against the conservative majorities in the Massachusetts legislature, and the U.S. Congress. Tobin was born in Mission Hill, Boston, Massachusetts on May 22, 1901. Deeply rooted in the highly politicized Irish Catholic community, he was the oldest of four children of James Tobin, a carpenter, and Margaret Daly. He graduated from Boston College and worked for Conway Leather and New England Telephone before entering politics as a protégé of the legendary James Michael Curley. Tobin was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives at the age of 25 and served from 1927 to 1929. On November 19, 1932, Tobin married the former Helen Noonan (1906-1987) in Brighton, Massachusetts, with whom he had three children. He served on the Boston School Committee from 1931 to 1937, before shocking the political establishment by defeating Curley in the 1937 race for Mayor of Boston. He served as mayor from 1938 to 1945, during which time he advocated the Fair Employment Practices Bill, which prohibited discrimination based on race, color, creed, and national origin in hiring or promotion practices. During his tenure as mayor, the Cocoanut Grove fire occurred in Boston. Prior to the fire, club owner Barney Welansky boasted that that club had not needed to adhere to fire codes because Tobin would not permit his club to be closed. Welansky was convicted of manslaughter, and Tobin himself only narrowly escaped indictment. Four years into Welansky's sentence, then-Governor Tobin pardoned him. In 1944, Mayor Tobin was elected Governor of Massachusetts, defeating the Republican candidate, Lieutenant Governor Horace T. Cahill. He served one term as governor from 1945 to 1947. Tobin proposed a liberal agenda that was not accepted by the Republican legislature. He called for additional unemployment benefits, veterans benefits, rent control, and laws to end racial discrimination in hiring. He was a strong supporter of labor unions. In 1946, he was defeated for re-election by his Republican opponent, Lieutenant Governor Robert F. Bradford. Governor Tobin remained active in Democratic politics, however, and campaigned vigorously for President Truman in 1948. Tobin repeatedly denounced the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, making 150 speeches against it in the 1948 election campaign. He argued that it was bad for workers. Upon Truman's reelection, Tobin was appointed as U.S. Secretary of Labor, a position he held until the close of the Truman Administration in January 1953. Tobin discovered that the Department of Labor had minimal influence; it did not control the National Labor Relations Board, or the Mediation Service, which were more influential. In 1949 he had president Truman transfer the United States Employment Service and the Unemployment Insurance Service to his department. He also managed to move several smaller bureaus, and he created a Federal Safety Council. Although the Democrats regained control of Congress in 1948 election, the Conservatives were still dominant and Tobin and Truman were unable to repeal Taft-Hartley. Tobin's most notable deed as Labor Secretary came in the Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1949, which increased the minimum wage to 75 cents an hour, and strengthened the prohibitions on child labor. Tobin played a role during the Korean War in coordinating defense manpower needs. However, in the steel strike of 1952, Tobin came out on the side of the unions, saying that \"the time for impartiality\" had passed, and that the unions were justified in their wartime strike. In 1951, Tobin attacked Senator Joseph McCarthy, a fellow Irish Catholic, calling on fellow Catholics to repudiate McCarthy's \"campaign of terror against free thought in the United States.\" Shortly after he left his position in the Truman cabinet in January 1953, Tobin died of a heart attack on July 19, 1953, at his summer home in Scituate, Massachusetts, at the age of 52. He is buried in Holyhood Cemetery in Brookline, Massachusetts. His funeral was attended by Senator John F. Kennedy. A men's dormitory facility on the Long Island Hospital campus on Long Island in Boston Harbor is dedicated to Tobin. The Tobin Building's cornerstone was laid on November 9, 1940. In 1967, the Mystic River Bridge was renamed the Maurice J. Tobin Memorial Bridge. An elementary school is named after Tobin in the Mission Hill neighborhood of Boston, where he was born. The Psychology Department at the University of Massachusetts Amherst is located in Tobin Hall. Maurice J. Tobin Maurice Joseph Tobin (May 22, 1901July 19, 1953) was a Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts, the Governor of Massachusetts, and United States Secretary of Labor. He was a Democrat"
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"Luke Scanlon Luke Scanlon (born 2 June 1996) is an Irish hurler who plays as a left corner-forward for the Kilkenny senior team. Born in Kilkenny, Scanlon first played competitive hurling at CBS Kilkenny, winning back-to-back Leinster medals in 2013 and 2014. He simultaneously came to prominence at juvenile and underage levels with the James Stephens club, winning a minor championship medal in 2012. Scanlon subsequently joined the James Stephens senior team. Scanlon made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he was selected for the Kilkenny minor team. He enjoyed two championship seasons with the minor team, culminating with the winning of an All-Ireland medal in 2014. He subsequently joined the Kilkenny intermediate team, winning an All-Ireland medal in 2016 before winning a Leinster medal with the under-21 team in 2017. Scanlan joined the Kilkenny senior team as a member of the extended training panel in 2017 and made his debut during the 2018 Walsh Cup. Luke Scanlon Luke Scanlon (born 2 June 1996) is an Irish hurler who plays as a left corner-forward for the Kilkenny senior team. Born in Kilkenny, Scanlon first played competitive hurling at CBS Kilkenny, winning back-to-back Leinster medals"
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"Antoine, Count of Vaudémont Antoine of Vaudémont ( – 22 March 1458) was Count of Vaudémont and Sieur de Joinville from 1418 to 1458. By marriage, he was also Count of Harcourt, Count of Aumale, and Baron of Elbeuf from 1452 to 1458. His uncle Charles II, Duke of Lorraine had only daughters. Antoine didn't conceal his wish to inherit the Duchy of Lorraine, and quarrelled with Charles. Charles attacked Antoine, but Antoine had Philip the Good of Burgundy as an ally. After Charles II died in 1431, Antoine attacked the new Duke, René of Anjou, defeating and capturing him at the Battle of Bulgnéville, on 1 July 1431. A decade of negotiation followed, since Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor was unwilling to recognise Antoine as Duke, pronouncing for René in 1434. Ultimately, Antoine gave up his claim on the Duchy of Lorraine, by a treaty of 27 March 1441. In return, Antoine's County of Vaudémont was recognised as independent, and his son Frederick became engaged to the Duke's daughter Yolande of Lorraine. The dynastic consequence was that Antoine's grandson became Duke. Antoine also took part in several local armed conflicts. He was the son of Frederick I of Lorraine, Count of Vaudémont and Margaret of Joinville. He married Marie of Harcourt (1398–1476), on 12 August 1416. She was Countess of Harcourt, and of Aumale, and Baroness of Elbeuf. Her father was John VII of Harcourt, Count of Harcourt and Aumale, and her mother was Marie of Alençon. Their children were: Antoine, Count of Vaudémont Antoine of Vaudémont ( – 22 March 1458) was Count of Vaudémont and Sieur de Joinville from 1418 to 1458. By marriage, he was also Count of Harcourt, Count of Aumale, and Baron of Elbeuf from 1452 to 1458. His uncle Charles II, Duke of Lorraine"
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"Factory Acts The Factory Acts were a series of UK labour law Acts passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to regulate the conditions of industrial employment. The early Acts concentrated on regulating the hours of work and moral welfare of young children employed in cotton mills but were effectively unenforced until the Act of 1833 established a professional Factory Inspectorate. The regulation of working hours was then extended to women by an Act of 1844. The 1847 Factories Act (known as the Ten Hour Act), together with Acts in 1850 and 1853 remedying defects in the 1847 Act, met a long-standing (and by 1847 well-organised) demand by the millworkers for a ten-hour day. The Factory Acts also sought to ameliorate the conditions under which mill-children worked with requirements on ventilation, sanitation, and guarding of machinery. Introduction of the ten-hour day proved to have none of the dire consequences predicted by its opponents, and its apparent success effectively ended theoretical objections to the principle of factory legislation; from the 1860s onwards more industries were brought within the Factory Act, until by 1910, Sidney Webb reviewing the cumulative effect of century of factory legislation felt able to write: He also commented on the gradual (accidentally almost Fabian) way this transformation had been achieved The Health and Morals of Apprentices Act 1802 (42 Geo III c.73) was introduced by Sir Robert Peel; it addressed concerns felt by the medical men of Manchester about the health and welfare of children employed in cotton mills, and first expressed by them in 1784 in a report on an outbreak of 'putrid fever' at a mill at Radcliffe owned by Peel. Although the Act included some hygiene requirements for all textile mills, it was largely concerned with the employment of apprentices; it left the employment of 'free' (non-indentured) children unregulated. It allowed (but did not require) local magistrates to enforce compliance with its requirements, and therefore went largely unenforced. As the first attempt to improve the lot of factory children, it is often seen as paving the way for future Factory Acts. At best, it only partially paved the way; its restriction to apprentices (where there was a long tradition of legislation) meant that it was left to later Factory Acts to establish the principle of intervention by Parliament on humanitarian grounds on worker welfare issues against the \"laissez-faire\" political and economic orthodoxy of the age which held that to be ill-advised. Under the Act, regulations and rules came into force on 2 December 1802 and applied to all textile mills and factories employing three or more apprentices or twenty employees. The buildings must have sufficient windows and openings for ventilation, and should be cleaned at least twice yearly with quicklime and water; this included ceilings and walls. Each apprentice was to be given two sets of clothing, suitable linen, stockings, hats, and shoes, and a new set each year thereafter. Apprentices could not work during the night (between 9 pm and 6 am), and their working hours could not exceed 12 hours a day, excluding the time taken for breaks. A grace period was provided to allow factories time to adjust, but all night-time working by apprentices was to be discontinued by June 1804. All apprentices were to be educated in reading, writing and arithmetic for the first four years of their apprenticeship. The Act specified that this should be done every working day within usual working hours but did not state how much time should be set aside for it. Educational classes should be held in a part of the mill or factory designed for the purpose. Every Sunday, for one hour, apprentices were to be taught the Christian religion; every other Sunday, divine service should be held in the factory, and every month the apprentices should visit a church. They should be prepared for confirmation in the Church of England between the ages of 14 and 18 and must be examined by a clergyman at least once a year. Male and female apprentices were to sleep separately and not more than two per bed. Local magistrates had to appoint two inspectors known as 'visitors' to ensure that factories and mills were complying with the Act; one was to be a clergyman and the other a Justice of the Peace, neither to have any connection with the mill or factory. The visitors had the power to impose fines for non-compliance and the authority to visit at any time of the day to inspect the premises. The Act was to be displayed in two places in the factory. Owners who refused to comply with any part of the Act could be fined between £2 and £5. The 1819 Cotton Mills and Factories Act (59 Geo. III c66) stated that no children under 9 were to be employed and that children aged 9–16 years were limited to 12 hours' work per day. It applied to the cotton industry only, but covered all children, whether apprentices or not. It was seen through Parliament by Sir Robert Peel; it had its origins in a draft prepared by Robert Owen in 1815 but the Act that emerged in 1819 was much watered-down from Owen's draft. It was also effectively unenforceable; enforcement was left to local magistrates, but they could only inspect a mill if two witnesses had given sworn statements that the mill was breaking the Act. An amending Act (\"60 Geo. III., c. 5\") was passed in December 1819. When any accident disabled a factory (as had just happened at New Lanark), nightworking in the rest of the works by those who had previously worked in the affected factory was permitted until the accident was made good. In 1825 John Cam Hobhouse introduced a Bill to allow magistrates to act on their own initiative, and to compel witnesses to attend hearings; noting that so far there had been only two prosecutions under the 1819 Act. Opposing the Bill a millowner MP agreed that the 1819 Bill was widely evaded, but went on to remark that this put millowners at the mercy of millhands \"The provisions of Sir Robert Peel's act had been evaded in many respects: and it was now in the power of the workmen to ruin many individuals, by enforcing the penalties for children working beyond the hours limited by that act\" and that this showed to him that the best course of action was to repeal the 1819 Act. On the other hand, another millowner MP supported Hobhouse's Bill saying that he \"agreed that, the bill was loudly called for, and, as the proprietor of a large manufactory, admitted that there was much that required remedy. He doubted whether shortening the hours of work would be injurious even to the interests of the manufacturers; as the children would be able, while they were employed, to pursue their occupation with greater vigour and activity. At the same time, there was nothing to warrant a comparison with the condition of the negroes in the West Indies. Hobhouse's Bill also sought to limit hours worked to eleven a day; the Act as passed (the Cotton Mills Regulation Act :\"6 Geo. IV., c. 63\") improved the arrangements for enforcement, but kept a twelve-hour day Monday-Friday with a shorter day of nine hours on Saturday. The 1819 Act had specified that a mealbreak of an hour should be taken between 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. ; a subsequent Act (\"60 Geo. III., c. 5\") allowing water-powered mills to exceed the specified hours in order to make up for lost time widened the limits to 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.; Hobhouse's Act of 1825 set the limits to 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. A parent's assertion of a child's age was sufficient, and relieved employers of any liability should the child in fact be younger. JPs who were millowners or the fathers or sons of millowners could not hear complaints under the Act. In 1829, Parliament passed an 'Act to Amend the Laws relating to the employment of Children in Cotton Mills & Manufactories' which relaxed formal requirements for the service of legal documents on millowners (documents no longer had to specify all partners in the concern owning or",
"hour should be taken between 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. ; a subsequent Act (\"60 Geo. III., c. 5\") allowing water-powered mills to exceed the specified hours in order to make up for lost time widened the limits to 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.; Hobhouse's Act of 1825 set the limits to 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. A parent's assertion of a child's age was sufficient, and relieved employers of any liability should the child in fact be younger. JPs who were millowners or the fathers or sons of millowners could not hear complaints under the Act. In 1829, Parliament passed an 'Act to Amend the Laws relating to the employment of Children in Cotton Mills & Manufactories' which relaxed formal requirements for the service of legal documents on millowners (documents no longer had to specify all partners in the concern owning or running the mill; it would be adequate to identify the mill by the name by which it was generally known). The Bill passed the Commons was subject to a minor textual amendment by the Lords (adding the words 'to include') and then received the Royal Assent without the Commons first being made aware of (or agreeing to) the Lords' amendment. To rectify this inadvertent breach of privilege,a further Act (making no other change to the Act already passed) was promptly passed on the last day of the Parliamentary session. \"An Act to repeal the Laws relating to Apprentices and other young Persons employed in Cotton Factories and in Cotton Mills, and to make further Provisions in lieu thereof (1 & 2 Will. IV c39)\" In 1831 Hobhouse introduced a further bill with - he told the Commons- the support of the leading manufacturers who felt that \"unless the House should step forward and interfere so as to put an end to the night-work in the small factories where it was practised, it would be impossible for the large and respectable factories which conformed to the existing law to compete with them.\" The Act repealed the previous Acts, and consolidated their provisions in a single Act, which also introduced further restrictions. Night working was forbidden for anyone under 21 and if a mill had been working at night the onus of proof was on the millowner (to show nobody under-age had been employed). The limitation of working hours to twelve now applied up to age eighteen. Complaints could only be pursued if made within three weeks of the offence; on the other hand JPs who were the brothers of millowners were now also debarred from hearing Factory Act cases. Hobhouse's claim of general support was optimistic; the Bill originally covered all textile mills; the Act as passed again applied only to cotton mills. Dissatisfied with the outcome of Hobhouse's efforts, in 1832 Michael Thomas Sadler introduced a Bill extending the protection existing Factory Acts gave to children working in the cotton industry to those in other textile industries, and reducing to ten per day the working hours of children in the industries legislated for. A network of 'Short Time Committees' had grown up in the textile districts of Yorkshire and Lancashire, working for a 'ten-hour day Act ' for children, with many millhands in the Ten Hour Movement hoping that this would in practice also limit the adult working day. Witnesses to one of the Committees taking evidence on Peel's Bill had noted that there were few millworkers over forty, and that they themselves expected to have to stop mill work at that age because of 'the pace of the mill' unless working hours were reduced. Hobhouse advised Richard Oastler, an early and leading advocate of factory legislation for the woolen industry, that Hobhouse had got as much as he could, given the opposition of Scottish flax-spinners and 'the state of public business': if Sadler put forward a Bill matching the aims of the Short Time Committees “he will not be allowed to proceed a single stage with any enactment, and … he will only throw an air of ridicule and extravagance over the whole of this kind of legislation”. Oastler responded that a failure with a Ten Hour Bill would \"not dishearten its friends. It will only spur them on to greater exertions, \"and would undoubtedly lead to certain success\" \" Sadler's Bill when introduced indeed corresponded closely to the aims of the Short Time Committees. Hobhouse's ban on nightwork up to 21 was retained; no child under nine was to be employed; and the working day for under-eighteens was to be no more than ten hours (eight on Saturday). These restrictions were to apply across all textile industries. The Second Reading debate on Sadler's bill did not take place until 16 March 1832, the Reform Bill having taken precedence over all other legislation. Meanwhile, petitions both for and against the Bill had been presented to the Commons; both Sir Robert Peel (not the originator of the 1802 bill, but his son, the future Prime Minister) and Sir George Strickland had warned that the Bill as it stood was too ambitious: more MPs had spoken for further factory legislation than against, but many supporters wanted the subject to be considered by a Select Committee. Sadler had resisted this: \"if the present Bill was referred to one, it would not become a law this Session, and the necessity of legislating was so apparent, that he was unwilling to submit to the delay of a Committee, when he considered they could obtain no new evidence on the subject\". In his long Second Reading speech, Sadler argued repeatedly that a Committee was unnecessary, but concluded by accepting that he had not convinced the House or the Government of this, and that the Bill would be referred to a Select Committee. (Lord Althorp, responding for the Government, noted that Sadler's speech made a strong case for considering legislation, but thought it did little to directly support the details of the Bill; the Government supported the Bill as leading to a Select Committee, but would not in advance pledge support for whatever legislation the Committee might recommend). This effectively removed any chance of a Factories Regulation Act being passed before Parliament was dissolved. Sadler was made chairman of the Committee, which allowed him to make his case by hearing evidence from witnesses of Sadler's selection, on the understanding that opponents of the Bill (or of some feature of it) would then have their innings. Sadler attempted (31 July 1832) to progress his Bill without waiting for the committee's report; when this abnormal procedure was objected to by other MPs, he withdrew the Bill. Sadler, as chairman of the committee, reported the minutes of evidence on 8 August 1832, when they were ordered to be printed. Parliament was prorogued shortly afterwards: Sadler gave notice of his intention to reintroduce a Ten-Hour Bill in the next session Sadler, however, was not an MP in the next session: in the first election for the newly enfranchised two member constituency of Leeds he was beaten into third place by Thomas Babington Macaulay a Whig politician of national standing and John Marshall, the son of one of Leeds' leading millowners. Casting around for a new parliamentary advocate for factory reform, the short-time movement eventually secured the services of Lord Ashley, eldest son of the 6th Earl of Shaftesbury. By the time the new parliament met, public opinion (especially outside the textile districts) had been powerfully affected by 'the report of Mr Sadler's Committee'. Extracts from this began to appear in newspapers in January 1833 and painted a picture of the life of a mill-child as one of systematic over-work and systematic brutality. The conclusion many papers drew was that Sadler's Bill should be revived and passed. However, when Ashley introduced a Bill essentially reproducing Sadler's MPs criticised both the report (since the only witnesses heard had been Sadler's, the report was unbalanced; since witnesses had not testified on oath, doubts were expressed about the accuracy/veracity of the more lurid accounts of factory life) and Sadler's conduct. 'An air of ridicule",
"of Shaftesbury. By the time the new parliament met, public opinion (especially outside the textile districts) had been powerfully affected by 'the report of Mr Sadler's Committee'. Extracts from this began to appear in newspapers in January 1833 and painted a picture of the life of a mill-child as one of systematic over-work and systematic brutality. The conclusion many papers drew was that Sadler's Bill should be revived and passed. However, when Ashley introduced a Bill essentially reproducing Sadler's MPs criticised both the report (since the only witnesses heard had been Sadler's, the report was unbalanced; since witnesses had not testified on oath, doubts were expressed about the accuracy/veracity of the more lurid accounts of factory life) and Sadler's conduct. 'An air of ridicule and extravagance' had been thrown not upon factory legislation, but upon the use of Select Committees for fact-finding on factory conditions. A Factory Commission was set up to investigate and report. Sadler and the Short Time Committees objected to any further fact-finding and attempted to obstruct the work of the Commissioners. Ashley's Bill proceeded to a Second Reading in early July 1833 (when the likely main recommendations of the Commission were known, but its report was not yet available to MPs); Ashley wanted the Bill to then be considered by a Committee of the whole House and defeated Lord Althorp's amendment to refer the Bill to a Select Committee. However at Committee stage the first point considered where the Bill differed from the Commission's was the age up to which hours of work should be limited Ashley lost (heavily) the vote on this, and left it to Althorp to pilot through a Factory Act based upon the Commission's recommendations. This toured the textile districts and made extensive investigations. It wasted little time in doing so, and even less in considering its report; as with other Whig Commissions of the period it was suspected to have had a good idea of its recommendations before it started work. During the course of the Factory Commission’s inquiries, relationships between it and the Ten Hour Movement became thoroughly adversarial, the Ten Hour Movement attempting to organise a boycott of the Commission's investigations: this was in sharp contrast with the commissioners' practice of dining with the leading manufacturers of the districts they visited. The Commission’s report did not support the more lurid details of Sadler's report - mills were not hotbeds of sexual immorality, and beating of children was much less common than Sadler had asserted (and was dying out). Major millowners such as the Strutts did not tolerate it (and indeed were distinguished by their assiduous benevolence to their employees). Working conditions for mill-children were preferable to those in other industries: (after a visit to the coal mine at Worsley one of the Commission staff had written \"as this was said to be the best mine in the place, I cannot much err in coming to the conclusion, that the hardest labour in the worst-conducted factory is less hard, less cruel,and less demoralizing than the labour in the best of coal-mines\") Nonetheless, the Commission reportedthat mill children did work unduly long hours, leading to and that these ill-effects were so marked and significant that Government intervention was justified but where Sadler's Bill was for a ten-hour day for all workers under eighteen, the Commission recommended an eight-hour day for those under thirteen, hoping for a two-shift system for them which would allow mills to run 16 hours a day. The Factory Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. IV) c103 was an attempt to establish a regular working day in textile manufacture. The act had the following provisions: The Act failed to specify whether lunar or calendar months were intended where the word 'monthly' was used, and one clause limited hours of work per week where a daily limit had been intended. A short amending Act was therefore passed in February 1834 The 1833 Act had few admirers in the textile districts when it came into force. The short-time movement objected to its substitution for Ashley's Bill, and hoped to secure a Ten-Hour Bill. Millowners resented and political economists deplored legislatory interference in response to public opinion, and hoped that the Act could soon be repealed (completely or in part). In 1835, the first report of the Factory Inspectors noted that the education clauses were totally impracticable, and relay working (with a double set of children, both sets working eight hours; the solution which allowed Althorp's Bill to outbid Ashley's in the apparent benefit to children) was difficult if not impracticable, there not being enough children.They also reported that they had been unable to discover any deformity produced by factory labour, nor any injury to health or shortening of life of factory children caused by working a twelve-hour day. Three of the four inspectors had recommended in their first report that all children 12 or older should be allowed to work twelve hours a day. This was followed by an agitation in the West Riding for relaxation or repeal of the 1833 Act; the short-time movement alleged that workers were being 'leant on' by their employers to sign petitions for repeal, and countered by holding meetings and raising petitions for a ten-hour act. Charles Hindley prepared a draft bill limiting the hours that could be worked by any mill employing people under twenty-one, with no child under ten to be employed, and no education clauses. Hindley's bill was published at the end of the 1834-5 parliamentary session, but was not taken forward in the next session, being pre-empted by a government bill introduced by Charles Poulett Thomson, the President of the Board of Trade, allowing children twelve or over to work twelve hours a day. The second reading of Poulett Thomson's Bill was opposed by Ashley, who denounced the bill as a feeler towards total repeal of protection for factory children. The Bill passed its second reading by a majority of only two (178-176) - a moral defeat for a government measure. Furthermore, although Poulett Thomson had opened the debate by saying that \"at the present moment he was unwilling to re-open the whole factory question\", Peel had said he would vote for the second reading, not because he supported the bill, but because its committee stage would allow the introduction of additional amendments to factory legislation. Poulett Thomson (eventually) abandoned the bill. In 1837 Poulett Thomson announced his intention to bring in a factory bill; consequently Ashley, who had intended to introduce a ten-hour bill, dropped this, promising instead a ten-hour amendment to the government bill. No progress had been made with the government bill when the death of King William, and the consequent dissolution of parliament, brought the session to an end. In the 1838 session another government factory bill was introduced by Fox Maule Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department. Children in silk mills were not to work more than ten hours a day (but this was not backed up by any certification of age). Otherwise, the bill made no changes to age limits or hours of work, but repealed the education clauses of the 1833 Act, replacing them with literacy tests. After a transitional period, children who could not read the New Testament were not to be employed more than nine hours a day; children who could not read an easy reader to be published by the Home Secretary could not be employed. His political opponents mocked the thought of Lord John Russell turning his undoubted talents to the production of a reading primer, and it was soon announced that once the Bill went into committee it would be amended to restore the 1833 education clauses. The second reading of the bill was scheduled for 22 June, but in early June Russell announced that the bill had been abandoned for the session. On 22 June, when the government",
"made no changes to age limits or hours of work, but repealed the education clauses of the 1833 Act, replacing them with literacy tests. After a transitional period, children who could not read the New Testament were not to be employed more than nine hours a day; children who could not read an easy reader to be published by the Home Secretary could not be employed. His political opponents mocked the thought of Lord John Russell turning his undoubted talents to the production of a reading primer, and it was soon announced that once the Bill went into committee it would be amended to restore the 1833 education clauses. The second reading of the bill was scheduled for 22 June, but in early June Russell announced that the bill had been abandoned for the session. On 22 June, when the government intended to progress a bill on Irish tithes, Ashley forestalled them, moving the second reading of the factory bill. He complained of the evasive conduct of ministers and government apathy and complacency on factory reform. Peel (who normally, even in opposition, deprecated obstruction of government business by backbenchers) supported Ashley: he held very different views on the issue from Ashley, but the issue was important, contentious, and should not be evaded : \"so long as ineffectual attempts at legislation remained on the table of the house, the excitement of the manufacturing districts would continue to be kept up\" Ashley's motion was lost narrowly 111 to 119. Ashley later attacked the government and its complacency and connivance at the shortcomings in the current Factory Act identified by the government's own Factory Inspectors: \"After these representations .. by his own inspectors, how could the noble Lord opposite reconcile it with his conscience as an individual, and with his public duty as a Minister of the Crown, during the whole course of his administration, never to have brought forward any measure for the removal of so tremendous an evil?\" \"He wanted them to decide whether they would amend, or repeal, or enforce the Act now in existence; but if they would do none of these things, if they continued idly indifferent, and obstinately shut their eyes to this great and growing evil, if they were careless of the growth of an immense population, plunged in ignorance and vice, which neither feared God, nor regarded man, then he warned them that they must be prepared for the very worst result that could befall a nation.\" In the 1839 session, Fox Maule revived the 1838 Bill with alterations. The literacy tests were gone, and the education clauses restored. The only other significant changes in the scope of the legislation were that working extra hours to recover lost time was now only permitted for water-powered mills, and magistrates could not countersign surgeon's certificates if they were mill-owners or occupiers (or father, son, or brother of a mill-owner or occupier). Details of enforcement were altered; there was no longer any provision for inspectors to be magistrates \"ex officio\", sub-inspectors were to have nearly the same enforcement powers as inspectors; unlike inspectors they could not examine witnesses on oath, but they now had the same right of entry into factory premises as inspectors. Declaring a schoolmaster incompetent was now to invalidate certificates of education issued by him, and a clause in the bill aimed to make it easier to establish and run a school for factory children; children at schools formed under this clause were not to be educated in a creed objected to by their parents. The bill, introduced in February, did not enter its committee stage until the start of July In committee, a ten-hour amendment was defeated 62-94, but Ashley moved and carried 55-49 an amendment removing the special treatment of silk mills. The government then declined to progress the amended bill. No attempt was made to introduce a factory bill in 1840; Ashley obtained a Select Committee on the working of the existing Factory Act, which took evidence, most notably from members of the Factory Inspectorate, throughout the session with a view to a new bill being introduced in 1841. Ashley was then instrumental in obtaining a Royal Commission on the employment of children in mines and manufactures, which eventually reported in 1842 (mines) and 1843 (manufactures): two of the four Commissioners had served on the 1833 Factory Commission; the other two were serving factory inspectors. In March 1841 Fox Maule introduced a Factory Bill and a separate Silk Factory Bill. The Factory Bill provided that children were now not to work more than seven hours a day; if working before noon they couldn't work after one p.m. The education clauses of the 1839 Bill were retained. 'Dangerous machinery' was now to be brought within factory legislation. Both the Factory and Silk Factory bills were given unopposed second readings on the understanding that all issues would be discussed at committee stage, both were withdrawn before going into committee, the Whigs having been defeated on a motion of no confidence, and a General Election imminent. The Whigs were defeated in the 1841 general election, and Sir Robert Peel formed a Conservative government. Ashley let it be known that he had declined office under Peel because Peel would not commit himself not to oppose a ten-hour bill; Ashley therefore wished to retain freedom of action on factory issues. In February 1842, Peel indicated definite opposition to a ten-hour bill, and Sir James Graham , Peel's Home Secretary, declared his intention to proceed with a bill prepared by Fox Maule, but with some alterations. In response to the findings of his Royal Commission, Ashley saw through Parliament a Mines And Collieries Act banning the employment of women and children underground; the measure was welcomed by both front benches, with Graham assuring Ashley \"that her Majesty's Government would render him every assistance in carrying on the measure\". In July, it was announced that the Government did not intend any modification to the Factory Act in that session. The Royal Commission had investigated not only the working hours and conditions of the children, but also their moral state. It had found much of concern in their habits and language, but the greatest concern was that \"the means of secular and religious instruction.. are so grievously defective, that, in all the districts, great numbers of Children and Young Persons are growing up without any religious, moral, or intellectual training; nothing being done to form them to habits of order, sobriety, honesty, and forethought, or even to restrain them from vice and crime.\" In 1843, Ashley initiated a debate on \"the best means of diffusing the benefits and blessings of a moral and religious education among the working classes...\" Responding, Graham stressed that the issue was not a party one (and was borne out on this by the other speakers in the debate); although the problem was a national one, the government would for the moment bring forward measures only for the two areas of education in which the state already had some involvement; the education of workhouse children and the education of factory children. The measures he announced related to England and Wales; Scotland had an established system of parochial schools run by its established church, with little controversy, since in Scotland there was no dissent on doctrine, only on questions of discipline. In the 'education clauses' of his Factory Education Bill of 1843, he proposed to make government loans to a new class of government factory schools effectively under the control of the Church of England and the local magistrates. The default religious education in these schools would be Anglican, but parents would be allowed to opt their children out of anything specifically Anglican; if the opt-out was exercised, religious education would be as in the best type of Dissenter-run schools. Once a trust school was open in a factory",
"children. The measures he announced related to England and Wales; Scotland had an established system of parochial schools run by its established church, with little controversy, since in Scotland there was no dissent on doctrine, only on questions of discipline. In the 'education clauses' of his Factory Education Bill of 1843, he proposed to make government loans to a new class of government factory schools effectively under the control of the Church of England and the local magistrates. The default religious education in these schools would be Anglican, but parents would be allowed to opt their children out of anything specifically Anglican; if the opt-out was exercised, religious education would be as in the best type of Dissenter-run schools. Once a trust school was open in a factory district, factory children in that district would have to provide a certificate that they were being educated at it or at some other school certified as 'efficient'. The 'labour clauses' forming the other half of the bill were essentially a revival of Fox Maule's draft; children could work only in the morning or in the afternoon, but not both. There were two significant differences; the working day for children was reduced to six and a half hours, and the minimum age for factory work would be reduced to eight. Other clauses increased penalties and assisted enforcement. A Second Reading debate was held to flesh out major issues before going into committee. At Lord John Russell's urging, the discussion was temperate, but there was considerable opposition to the proposed management of the new schools, which effectively excluded ratepayers (who would repay the loan and meet any shortfall in running costs) and made no provision for a Dissenter presence (to see fair play). The provisions for appointment of schoolmasters were also criticised; as they stood they effectively excluded Dissenters. Out of Parliament, the debate was less temperate; objections that the Bill had the effect of strengthening the Church became objections that it was a deliberate attack on Dissent, that its main purpose was to attack Dissent, and that the Royal Commission had deliberately and grossly defamed the population of the manufacturing districts to give a spurious pretext for an assault on Dissent. Protest meetings were held on that basis throughout the country, and their resolutions condemning the bill and calling for its withdrawal were supported by a campaign of organised petitions: that session Parliament received 13,369 petitions against the bill as drafted with a total of 2,069,058 signatures. (For comparison, in the same session there were 4574 petitions for total repeal of the Corn Laws, with a total of 1,111,141 signatures. ) Lord John Russell drafted resolutions calling for modification of the bill along the lines suggested in Parliament; the resolutions were denounced as inadequate by the extra-parliamentary opposition. Graham amended the educational clauses, but this only triggered a fresh round of indignation meetings and a fresh round of petitions (11,839 petitions and 1,920,574 signatures). Graham then withdrew the education clauses but this did not end the objections, since it did not entirely restore the \"status quo ante\" on education; indeed the education requirements of the 1833 Act now came under attack, the \"Leeds Mercury\" declaring education was something individuals could do for themselves \"under the guidance of natural instinct and self-interest, infinitely better than Government could do for them\". Hence \"\"All Government interference to\" COMPEL \"Education is wrong\"\" and had unacceptable implications: \"If Government has a right to compel Education, it has right to \"compel\" RELIGION !\" Although as late as 17 July Graham said he intended to get the bill though in the current session, three days later the bill was one of those Peel announced would be dropped for that session. In 1844 Graham again introduced a Bill to bring in a new Factory Act and repeal the 1833 Factory Act. The Bill gave educational issues a wide berth, but otherwise largely repeated the 'labour clauses' of Graham's 1843 Bill, with the important difference that the existing protection of young persons (a twelve-hour day and a ban on night working) was now extended to women of all ages. In Committee, Lord Ashley moved an amendment to the bill's clause 2, which defined the terms used in subsequent (substantive) clauses; his amendment changed the definition of 'night' to 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. - after allowing 90 minutes for mealbreaks only ten-and-a-half hours could be worked; this passed by nine votes. On clause 8, limiting the hours of work for women and young persions, the motion setting a twelve-hour day was defeated (by three votes: 183-186) but Lord Ashley's motion setting the limit at ten hours was also defeated (by seven votes:181-188). Voting on this Bill was not on party lines, the issue revealing both parties to be split into various factions. On clause 8, both 'ten' and 'twelve' hours were rejected (with exactly the same members voting) because five members voted against both 'ten' and 'twelve'. Faced with this impasse, and having considered and rejected the option of compromising on some intermediate time such as eleven hours, Graham withdrew the Bill, preferring to replace it by a new one which amended, rather than repealed, the 1833 Act. A Radical MP warned the government during the debate on clause 8 that Ashley's first victory could never be undone by any subsequent vote: morally the Ten-Hour question had been settled; Government might delay, but could not now prevent, a Ten-hour Act. However, the new bill left the 1833 definition of 'night' unaltered (and so gave no opportunity for redefinition) and Lord Ashley's amendment to limit the working day for women and young persons to ten hours was defeated heavily (295 against, 198 for), it having been made clear that the Ministers would resign if they lost the vote. As a result, the Factory Act of 1844 (citation 7 & 8 Vict c. 15) again set a twelve-hour day, its main provisions being: After the collapse of the Peel administration which had resisted any reduction in the working day to less than 12 hours, a Whig administration under Lord John Russell came to power. The new Cabinet contained supporters and opponents of a ten-hour day and Lord John himself favoured an eleven-hour day. The Government therefore had no collective view on the matter; in the absence of Government opposition, the Ten Hour Bill was passed, becoming the Factories Act 1847 (citation 10 & 11 Vict c. 29). This law (also known as the Ten Hour Act) limited the work week in textile mills (and other textile industries except lace and silk production) for women and children under 18 years of age. Each work week contained 63 hours effective 1 July 1847 and was reduced to 58 hours effective 1 May 1848. In effect, this law limited the workday for all millhands to 10 hours. This law was successfully passed due to the contributions of the Ten Hours Movement. This campaign was established during the 1830s and was responsible for voicing demands towards limiting the work week in textile mills. The core of the movement was the 'Short Time Committees' set up (by millworkers and sympathisers) in the textile districts, but the main speakers for the cause were Richard Oastler (who led the campaign outside Parliament) and Lord Ashley, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury (who led the campaign inside Parliament). John Fielden, although no orator, was indefatigable in his support of the cause, giving generously of his time and money and - as the senior partner in one of the great cotton firms - vouching for the reality of the evils of a long working day and the practicality of shortening it. The Acts of 1844 and 1847 had reduced the hours per day which any woman or young person could work but not the hours of the day within which they could do that work (from 5:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m.). Under the 1833 Act",
"core of the movement was the 'Short Time Committees' set up (by millworkers and sympathisers) in the textile districts, but the main speakers for the cause were Richard Oastler (who led the campaign outside Parliament) and Lord Ashley, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury (who led the campaign inside Parliament). John Fielden, although no orator, was indefatigable in his support of the cause, giving generously of his time and money and - as the senior partner in one of the great cotton firms - vouching for the reality of the evils of a long working day and the practicality of shortening it. The Acts of 1844 and 1847 had reduced the hours per day which any woman or young person could work but not the hours of the day within which they could do that work (from 5:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m.). Under the 1833 Act millowners (or some of them) had used a 'relay system' so that the mill could operate all the permitted hours without any protected person exceeding their permitted workday. The 1833 Act had hoped that two sets of children would be employed and each work a full half-day (the 'true relay' system, which left the other halfday free for education). Instead, some mills operated a 'false relay' system in which the protected persons worked split shifts. The false relay system was considered objectionable both because of the effect on the protected persons and because an inspector (or other millowners) could relatively easily monitor the hours a mill ran; it was much more difficult if not impossible to check the hours worked by an individual (as an inspector observed \"the lights in the window will discover the one but not the other\") Section 26 of the 1844 Act required that the hours of work of all protected persons \" shall be reckoned from the time when any child or young person shall first begin to work in the morning in such factory.\" but nothing in it or in the 1847 Act clearly prohibited split shifts (although this had been Parliament's intention). The factory inspector for Scotland considered split shifts to be legal; the inspector for Bradford thought them illegal and his local magistrates agreed with him: in Manchester the inspector thought them illegal but the magistrates did not. In 1850 the Court of Exchequer held that the section was to be too weakly worded to make relay systems illegal. Lord Ashley sought to remedy this by a short declaratory Act restoring the status quo but felt it impossible to draft one which did not introduce fresh matter (which would remove the argument that there was no call for further debate). The Home Secretary Sir George Grey was originally noticeably ambivalent about Government support for Ashley's Bill: when Ashley reported his difficulties to the House of Commons, Grey announced an intention to move amendments in favour of a scheme (ostensibly suggested by a third party) which established a 'normal day' for women and young persons by setting the times within which they could work so tightly that they were also the start and stop times if they were to work the maximum permitted hours per day. Grey's scheme increased the hours that could be worked per week, but Ashley (uncertain of the outcome of any attempt to re-enact a true Ten Hours Bill) decided to support it and Grey's scheme was the basis for the 1850 Act (citation 13 & 14 Vict c. 54). The Short Time Committees had previously been adamant for an effective Ten-hour Bill; Ashley wrote to them, noting that he acted in Parliament as their friend, not their delegate, explaining his reasons for accepting Grey's \"compromise\", and advising them to do so also. They duly did, significantly influenced by the thought that they could not afford to lose their friend in Parliament. The key provisions of the 1850 Act were : Various public meetings in the textile districts subsequently passed motions regretting that the 58-hour week had not been more stoutly defended, with various stalwarts of the Ten-Hour Movement ( various Cobbetts and Fieldens (John Fielden now being dead) and Richard Oastler) offering their support and concurring with criticism of Ashley's actions, but nothing came of this: the meetings were poorly attended (that at Manchester was attended by about 900 ) and the Ten-Hour Movement had now effectively run its course. Children (8-13) were not covered by this Act: it had been the deliberate intention of the 1833 Act that a mill might use two sets of children on a relay system and the obvious method of doing so did not require split shifts. A further Act of 1853 set similar limits on the hours within which children might work. In April 1855 a National Association of Factory Occupiers was formed \"to watch over factory legislation with a view to prevent any increase of the present unfair and injudicious enactments\". The 1844 Act had required that \"mill gearing\" - which included power shafts - should be securely fenced. Magistrates had taken inconsistent views as to whether this applied where the \"mill gearing\" was not readily accessible; in particular where power shafting ran horizontally well above head height. In 1856, the Court of Queen's Bench ruled that it did. In April, 1856, the National Association of Factory Occupiers succeeded in obtaining an Act reversing this decision: mill gearing needed secure fencing only of those parts with which women, young persons, and children were liable to come in contact. (The inspectors feared that the potential hazards in areas they did not normally access might be obvious to experienced men, but not be easily appreciated by women and children who were due the legislative protection the 1856 Act had removed, especially given the potential severe consequences of their inexperience. An MP speaking against the Bill was able to give multiple instances of accidents to protected persons resulting in death or loss of limbs - all caused by unguarded shafting with which they were supposedly not liable to come into contact - despite restricting himself to accidents in mills owned by Members of Parliament (so that he could be corrected by them if had misstated any facts). (Dickens thereafter referred to the NAFO as the \"National Association for the Protection of the Right to Mangle Operatives\". Harriet Martineau criticised Dickens for this, arguing that mangling was the result of workers not being careful and: \"If men and women are to be absolved from the care of their own lives and limbs, and the responsibility put upon anybody else by the law of the land, the law of the land is lapsing into barbarism\")) For other parts of the mill gearing any dispute between the occupier and the inspector could be resolved by arbitration. The arbitration was to be by a person skilled in making the machinery to be guarded; the inspectors however declined to submit safety concerns to arbitration by those \"who look only to the construction and working of the machinery, which is their business,and not to the prevention of accidents, which is not their business\" In virtually every debate on the various Factories Bills, opponents had thought it a nonsense to pass legislation for textile mills when the life of a mill child was much preferable to that of many other children: other industries were more tiring, more dangerous, more unhealthy, required longer working hours, involved more unpleasant working conditions, or (this being Victorian Britain) were more conducive to lax morals. This logic began to be applied in reverse once it became clear that the Ten Hours Act had had no obvious detrimental effect on the prosperity of the textile industry or on that of millworkers. Acts were passed making similar provisions for other textile trades: bleaching and dyeworks (1860 - outdoor bleaching was excluded), lace work (1861), calendering (1863), finishing (1864). A further Act in 1870 repealed these acts and brought the ancillary textile processes (including outdoor bleaching) within the scope of the main Factory Act. In 1864 the Factories Extension Act was passed: this",
"industries were more tiring, more dangerous, more unhealthy, required longer working hours, involved more unpleasant working conditions, or (this being Victorian Britain) were more conducive to lax morals. This logic began to be applied in reverse once it became clear that the Ten Hours Act had had no obvious detrimental effect on the prosperity of the textile industry or on that of millworkers. Acts were passed making similar provisions for other textile trades: bleaching and dyeworks (1860 - outdoor bleaching was excluded), lace work (1861), calendering (1863), finishing (1864). A further Act in 1870 repealed these acts and brought the ancillary textile processes (including outdoor bleaching) within the scope of the main Factory Act. In 1864 the Factories Extension Act was passed: this extended the Factories Act to cover a number of occupations (mostly non-textile): potteries (both heat and exposure to lead glazes were issues), lucifer match making ('phossie jaw') percussion cap and cartridge making, paper staining and fustian cutting. In 1867 the Factories Act was extended to all establishments employing 50 or more workers by another Factories Act Extension Act. An Hours of Labour Regulation Act applied to 'workshops' (establishments employing less than 50 workers); it subjected these to requirements similar to those for 'factories' (but less onerous on a number of points e.g.: the hours within which the permitted hours might be worked were less restrictive, there was no requirement for certification of age) but was to be administered by local authorities, rather than the Factory Inspectorate. There was no requirement on local authorities for enforcement (or penalties for non-enforcement) of legislation for workshops. The effectiveness of the regulation of workshops therefore varied from area to area; where it was effective, a blanket ban on Sunday working in workshops was a problem for observant Jews. The Factory and Workshop Act 1870 removed the previous special treatments for factories in the printing, dyeing and bleaching industries; while a short Act of 1871 transferred responsibility for regulation of workshops to the Factory Inspectorate, but without an adequate increase in the Inspectorates's resources. ; a separate Act allowed Sunday working by Jews. The newly-legalised trade unions had as one of their aims a reduction in working hours, both by direct concession by employers and by securing legislation. The 1873 Trades Union Congress (TUC) could congratulate itself on \"a general concession of the 'nine-hour day' in all the leading engineering establishments of the kingdom\" but regretted that a Private Member's Bill introduced by A. J. Mundella seeking to reduce the hours worked by women and children in textile industries had not succeeded, although the Government had responded by setting up a commission on the workings of the Factory Acts. (The TUC had had to support the measure through a committee also containing non-unionists; Lord Shaftesbury (as Ashley had become) had declined to support any measure brought forward on a purely trade union basis.) Mundella again introduced a nine-hour bill in 1873; he withdrew this when the government did not allow enough time for debate; he reintroduced it in 1874, but withdrew it when the government brought forward its own bill, which became the Factories (Health of Women, &c.) Act. This gave women and young persons in textile factories (silk mills now lost their previous special treatment) a working day of ten hours on weekdays (twelve hours broken into sessions of no more than four and a half hours by two meal breaks of at least an hour); on Saturday six hours could be spent on manufacturing processes, and another half-hour on other duties (such as cleaning the workplace and machinery).The provisions for children now applied to 13-year-olds, and (over a two-year period) the minimum age for children was to increase to ten. Shaftesbury spoke in the Lords Second Reading debate; thinking it might well be his last speech in Parliament on factory reform, he reviewed the changes over the forty-one years it had taken to secure a ten-hour-day, as this bill at last did. In 1833, only two manufacturers had been active supporters of his bill; all but a handful of manufacturers supported the 1874 bill. Economic arguments against reducing working hours had been disproved by decades of experience. Despite the restrictions on hours of work, employment in textile mills had increased (1835; 354,684, of whom 56,455 under 13: in 1871, 880,920 of whom 80,498 under 13), but accidents were half what they had been and 'factory cripples' were no longer seen. In 1835, he asserted, seven-tenths of factory children were illiterate; in 1874 seven-tenths had \"a tolerable, if not a sufficient, education\". Furthermore, police returns showed \"a decrease of 23 percent in the immorality of factory women\". The various protective acts now covered over two and a half million people. During the short-time agitation he had been promised \"Give us our rights, and you will never again see violence, insurrection, and disloyalty in these counties.\" And so it had proved: the Cotton Famine had thrown thousands out of work, with misery, starvation, and death staring them in the face; but, \"with one or two trifling exceptions, and those only momentary\", order and peace had reigned. By legislation you have removed manifold and oppressive obstacles that stood in the way of the working man's comfort, progress, and honour. By legislation you have ordained justice, and exhibited sympathy with the best interests of the labourers, the surest and happiest mode of all government. By legislation you have given to the working classes the full power to exercise, for themselves and for the public welfare, all the physical and moral energies that God has bestowed on them; and by legislation you have given them means to assert and maintain their rights; and it will be their own fault, not yours, my Lords, if they do not, with these abundant and mighty blessings, become a wise and an understanding people. In the debates on Mundella's bills and the 1874 Act, it had been noted that years of piece-meal legislation had left factory law in an unsatisfactory and confusing state; the government had spoken of the need to consolidate and extend factory law by a single Act replacing all previous legislation, but had not felt itself able to allocate the necessary legislative time. In March 1875, a Royal Commission (headed by Sir James Fergusson) was set up to look at the consolidation and extension of factory law. It took evidence in the principal industrial towns, and published its report in March 1876. It recommended consolidation of legislation by a single new Act. The new Act should include workplaces in the open air, and carrying, washing and cleaning; however mines and agriculture should be excluded. Work by protected persons should be within a twelve-hour window (between 6 am and 7 pm: exceptionally for some industries the window could be 8 am to 8 pm). Within that window: in factories two hours should be allowed for meals and no work session should exceed four and a half hours; in workshops work sessions should not exceed five hours and meal breaks should total at least one and a half hours. Sunday working should be permitted where both worker and employer were Jewish. All children should attend school from five until fourteen; they should not be allowed to attend half-time, nor be employed under the new Act, until ten. From ten to fourteen employment would be conditional upon satisfactory school attendance and educational achievement. The government announced that the report had been produced too late for legislation in the current parliamentary session, but legislation would be introduced in the following one. A bill was given a First Reading in April 1877, but made no further progress; at the end of July it was postponed to the following year. In 1878, the",
"in workshops work sessions should not exceed five hours and meal breaks should total at least one and a half hours. Sunday working should be permitted where both worker and employer were Jewish. All children should attend school from five until fourteen; they should not be allowed to attend half-time, nor be employed under the new Act, until ten. From ten to fourteen employment would be conditional upon satisfactory school attendance and educational achievement. The government announced that the report had been produced too late for legislation in the current parliamentary session, but legislation would be introduced in the following one. A bill was given a First Reading in April 1877, but made no further progress; at the end of July it was postponed to the following year. In 1878, the Bill was given a higher priority: it had its first reading as soon as Parliament convened in January; the Second Reading debate was held on 11 February and it entered Committee stage on 21 February; the Third Reading in the Commons was given at the end of March. The Factory and Workshop Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict. c. 16) replaced all the previous Acts (it listed sixteen acts repealed in their entirety) by a single Act of some hundred and seven clauses. The Chief Inspector of Factories described it as much less restrictive than the legislation it replaced: \"The hard and fast line [drawn by the previous Acts] is now an undulating and elastic one, drawn to satisfy the absolute necessities and customs of different trades in different parts of the kingdom.\" The protected persons fell into three categories: The premises being regulated were now separated into five categories: Factories fell into two types; Workshops were places in which the manufacture, repair or finishing of articles were carried out as a trade without the use of mechanical power and to which the employer controlled access (it was irrelevant whether these operations were carried out in the open air, and shipyards, quarries and pit banks were specifically scheduled as workshops, unless factories because mechanical power was used). Laundries (originally in the Bill) were excluded from the final Act; in Ireland much laundry work was carried out in convents and Irish members objected to inspection of convents by an (allegedly) exclusively Protestant inspectorate. Three types of workshop were distinguished: The Act excluded domestic workshops carrying out straw-plait making, pillow lace making or glove-making and empowered the Home Secretary to extend this exemption. The Act also excluded domestic workshops involving non-strenuous work carried out intermittently and not providing the principal source of income of the family. Requirements and enforcement arrangements were most stringent for textile factories, least stringent for domestic workshops (and the inspectorate had no powers to secure entry into dwellings). The Act gave the Home Secretary some latitude to vary the requirements for specific industries (but not individual workplaces) to accommodate existing practices where these were not detrimental to the underlying purpose of the Act. The Act followed the recommendations of the Commission by setting a limit of hours on the hours worked per week by women and young persons in textile factories, 60 hours in non-textile factories and workshops (except domestic workshops, where there was no restriction on the working hours of women), but allowing greater flexibility on how those hours were worked for non-textile factories and workshops. The ban on Sunday working (and on late working on Saturday) was modified to apply instead to the Jewish Sabbath where both employer and employees were Jewish. Except in domestic workshops, protected persons were to have two full holidays and eight half-holidays The full holidays would normally be Christmas Day and Good Friday, but other holidays could be substituted for Good Friday (in Scotland and for all-Jewish workplaces, substitution for Christmas Day was allowed; Ireland kept Saint Patrick's Day as a holiday). Half holidays could be combined to give additional full-day holidays; it had to be clarified later that the Act's definition of a half-holiday as \"at least half\" of a full day's employment \"on some day other than Saturday\" was to give the minimum duration of a half-holiday, not to prohibit one being taken on a Saturday. Children were not to be employed under the age of ten, and should attend school half-time until fourteen (or until thirteen if they had a good record of school attendance and satisfactory scholastic achievement). (In Scotland, for factory children only, this overrode attempts by local school boards to set standards of scholastic attainment to be met before a child could cease full-time schooling; the Scottish education acts ceded precedence to the factory acts. In England and Wales it was unclear whether factory acts or education acts had precedence until the Elementary Education Act of 1880 settled the matter in favour of school board bye-laws, but without any standardisation of criteria between different boards. Specification of a minimum educational attainment before a factory child could work half-time then became enforceable in England, but remained unenforceable in Scotland until passage of the Education (Scotland) Act 1883.) 'Half-time' could be achieved by splitting each day between school and work, or (unless the child worked in a domestic workshop) by working and attending school on alternate days. If the former, the child should work morning and afternoons on alternate weeks; if the latter the schooldays in one week should be workdays the next (and \"vice versa\"). No child should work a half-day on successive Saturdays. Surgeons no longer certified the apparent age of a child (or young person), age now being substantiated by a birth certificate or school register entry, but (for employment in factories) they were required to certify the fitness for the work of children and young persons under the age of sixteen. Protected persons should not be allowed to clean moving machinery, the requirement to guard machinery now extended to the protection of men as well as protected persons, and the Home Secretary might direct that some or all of the fine imposed for a breach of this requirement be paid to any person injured (or the relatives of any person killed) as a result. (Guarding was now only unnecessary if the position of machinery meant it was equally safe if unguarded, but hoists still only needed to be guarded if a person might pass close to them.) There were restrictions on the employment of some classes of protected persons on processes injurious to health. Young persons and children could not work in the manufacture of white lead, or silvering mirrors using mercury; children and female young persons could not be employed in glass works; girls under sixteen could not be employed in the manufacture of bricks, (non-ornamental) tiles, or salt; children could not be employed in the dry grinding of metals or the dipping of lucifer matches. Inspectors were given powers to require the mitigation of dusty atmospheres by mechanical ventilation or other mechanical means. The Factory and Workshop Act 1883 (46 & 47 Vict. c.53) gave additional powers for the regulation of white-lead manufacture and bakehouses (but sanitary requirements for retail bakehouses were to be enforced by local authorities); in the same session a private member's bill intended to prohibit the employment of female children in the manufacture of nails was defeated at Second Reading. The Factory and Workshops Act 1878 Amendment (Scotland) Act 1888 affected the choice of full-day holidays in Scottish burghs; formerly they had been the sacramental fast days specified by the local church – they could now be specified by the burgh magistrates. The Cotton Cloth Factories Act of 1889 set limits on temperature (and humidity at a given temperature) where cotton cloth was being woven. The TUC",
"The Factory and Workshop Act 1883 (46 & 47 Vict. c.53) gave additional powers for the regulation of white-lead manufacture and bakehouses (but sanitary requirements for retail bakehouses were to be enforced by local authorities); in the same session a private member's bill intended to prohibit the employment of female children in the manufacture of nails was defeated at Second Reading. The Factory and Workshops Act 1878 Amendment (Scotland) Act 1888 affected the choice of full-day holidays in Scottish burghs; formerly they had been the sacramental fast days specified by the local church – they could now be specified by the burgh magistrates. The Cotton Cloth Factories Act of 1889 set limits on temperature (and humidity at a given temperature) where cotton cloth was being woven. The TUC had few complaints about the Act, but complained that the inspectorate enforcing it was too small and lacking in 'practical men'. The latter complaint was partially addressed by changing the recruitment process and appointing a number of former trade union officials to the inspectorate. The total number of inspectors increased from 38 in 1868 to 56 in 1885, but (the general secretary of the TUC complained) these had to cover the more than 110,000 workplaces registered (in 1881) and attempt to detect unregistered workplaces falling within the scope of the Act: 16 out of 39 districts in England had no registered workshops and only half the registered workshops had been inspected in 1881. When, after several unsuccessful attempts to extend some of the protections of the Act to shopworkers, Sir John Lubbock succeeded in securing passage of a Shop Hours Regulation Act at the end of the 1886 session, the Act made no provision for (and the Home Secretary Hugh Childers refused to accept any amendment allowing) enforcement by inspection. The Evening Standard thought that this meant the Act would be a dead letter, given experiences with the Factory Acts: The Factory Acts are enforced by an elaborate machinery of inspection. Anyone who has taken the trouble to inquire into the matter knows perfectly well that without this stringent inspection they would be absolutely worthless. Even as it is they are contravened openly every day, because the best inspection must, from the nature of the case, be somewhat spasmodic and uncertain. When an Inspector discovers that the law has been broken he summons the offending party; but, as a rule, if he does not make the discovery himself, no one informs him of it. The chief provisions of the last Factory Act are hung up, legibly printed on white cardboard, \"plain for all men to see\", in every room of every factory. No one can be ignorant of them; yet when they are disregarded, as they are constantly, it is the rarest thing for any of the women affected by the illegality to give information. Under the heading Conditions of Employment were two considerable additions to previous legislation: the first is the prohibition on employers to employ women within four weeks after confinement (childbirth); the second the raising the minimum age at which a child can be set to work from ten to eleven The main article gives an overview of the state of Factory Act legislation in Edwardian Britain under the Factory and Workshop Acts 1878 to 1895 (the collective title of the Factory and Workshop Act 1878, the Factory and Workshop Act 1883, the Cotton Cloth Factories Act 1889, the Factory and Workshop Act 1891 and the Factory and Workshop Act 1895.) Minimum working age is raised to 12. The act also introduced legislation regarding the education of children, meal times, and fire escapes. Children could also take up a full-time job at the age of 13 years old. The 1937 Act (1 Edw. 8 & 1 Geo. 6 c.67) consolidated and amended the Factory and Workshop Acts from 1901 to 1929. It was introduced to the House of Commons by the Home Secretary, Sir John Simon, on 29 January 1937 and given Royal Assent on 30 July. This Act consolidated the 1937 and 1959 Acts. , the 1961 Act is substantially still in force, though workplace health and safety is principally governed by the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and regulations made under it. Factory Acts The Factory Acts were a series of UK labour law Acts passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to regulate the conditions of industrial employment. The early Acts concentrated on regulating the hours of work and moral welfare of young children employed in cotton mills but were effectively unenforced until the Act of 1833 established a professional Factory Inspectorate. The regulation of working hours was then extended to women by an Act of 1844. The 1847 Factories Act (known as the Ten Hour Act),"
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"Silver streaming Silver streaming is the term often used when a company makes an agreement with a mining company to purchase all or part of their silver production at a low, fixed, predetermined price to which both parties agree. The silver is usually a by-product of the mineral the mining company's business is based on (most silver is produced as a by-product of base metals). The arrangement can be made through silver purchase agreements or precious metals agreements. The transaction is considered mutually beneficial. The mining company gets much needed capital by immediately monetizing the non-core silver, while the company receiving the silver gets it without having to invest in exploration, development, maintenance. Silver streaming companies have no control over the mines that produce their silver, meaning that when production falls short of expectations or is affected by political instability it must incur the losses itself; because of the lack of control over production, earnings are based entirely on the market price of silver. Silver Wheaton Corporation is the world's largest silver streaming company. Silver streaming Silver streaming is the term often used when a company makes an agreement with a mining company to purchase all or part of their"
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"The Chance of a Lifetime (1943 film) The Chance of a Lifetime is a 1943 crime drama starring Chester Morris, Erik Rolf and Jeanne Bates. It is one of 14 films made by Columbia Pictures involving detective Boston Blackie, a criminal-turned-crime solver. This was the sixth in the series and one of three that did not have his name in the title. The film is also William Castle's directorial debut. As with many of the films of the period, this was a flag waver to support America's efforts during World War II. Boston Blackie (Chester Morris) helps get prisoners with needed skills released on parole to help in the machine and tool plant of his friend, Arthur Manleder (Lloyd Corrigan). Those chosen want to support America's war effort. All of the parolees have to stay in Blackie's apartment, all except robber Dooley Watson. Blackie allows him to see his wife and son. Watson goes after the payroll money he stole before he was captured. His wife Mary (Jeanne Bates) convinces him to give it back, but his partners in crime, \"Red\" Taggart (John Harmon) and \"Nails\" Blanton (Douglas Fowley), have been waiting patiently for their share. When they threaten Dooley's family, Dooley fights back. Red is killed in the ensuing struggle. Nails runs off. If Boston Blackie is to save his project, he has to capture Nails and force him to confess the death was in self-defense, all while dodging Inspector Farraday (Richard Lane). Uncredited: Hal Erickson of Allmovie said \"\"The Chance of a Lifetime\" represents the first directorial effort of William Castle, who later claimed that, saddled with a hopeless project, he made the film \"work\" by re-arranging the reels in the editing room.\" The Chance of a Lifetime (1943 film) The Chance of a Lifetime is a 1943"
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"Sandis Ozoliņš Sandis Ozoliņš (born August 3, 1972), commonly spelled Sandis Ozolinsh in North America, was the Latvian head coach of Dinamo Riga and a retired ice hockey player. During his career in North America, Ozoliņš was a seven-time NHL All-Star, Stanley Cup champion (as a member of the 1995-1996 Colorado Avalanche), and Norris Trophy finalist. He is also the all-time leader for goals, assists, points and games played by a Latvian in the NHL and holds several Colorado Avalanche and San Jose Sharks franchise records. Ozoliņš also was the highest paid sportsman in Latvian history, before NBA basketball player Andris Biedriņš succeeded him in 2008. He became the head coach of Dinamo in 2017. Ozoliņš was drafted in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft by the San Jose Sharks as the 8th pick of the 2nd round, 30th overall. He played for the Sharks, Colorado Avalanche, Carolina Hurricanes, Florida Panthers, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and New York Rangers. He is often considered a prototype \"offensive defenseman,\" becoming heavily involved in his team's offense and scoring opportunities. In 2014 Ozoliņš was awarded Order of the Three Stars for his long-standing contributions to Latvian ice hockey and sports. Ozoliņš was drafted 30th overall by the San Jose Sharks in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft and had played for the Kansas City Blades, a minor league team in the International Hockey League. He and Latvian teammate Artūrs Irbe won a Turner Cup with the Blades in 1992. Ozoliņš joined the Sharks in 1992–93, scoring 23 points in 37 games. He missed the majority of his rookie season recovering from a knee injury suffered in a game against Philadelphia on December 30, 1992. After recovering from his injury, Ozoliņš ended the 1993–94 season with an 81-game, 26-goal/64-point sophomore effort, leading the league in goals by a defenceman. Ozoliņš helped the Sharks to move beyond the first round of the playoffs for the first time in franchise history, losing in the conference semifinals. At the start of the 1995–96 season, San Jose traded Ozoliņš for Nordiques/Avalanche forward Owen Nolan. In 66 games during his first season, Ozoliņš scored 50 total points, with more than half on the power play. Ozoliņš won the Stanley Cup with the Avalanche in 1996. The following season Colorado won the Presidents' Trophy. After losing to the Detroit Red Wings in the 1997 conference finals, Ozoliņš finished third in votes for the Norris Trophy, awarded to the league's most outstanding defenceman. In the regular season, he scored a career-high 68 points, second in the league for defencemen after Brian Leetch. Ozoliņš scored his first career hat trick on December 6, 1999 against the Vancouver Canucks. 1999 was his final year in Denver, in which Ozoliņš made $4 million as Colorado's third-highest paid player. During the 2000 NHL Entry Draft, Ozoliņš was traded to the Carolina Hurricanes for Nolan Pratt and draft picks that became Václav Nedorost, Jared Aulin, and Agris Saviels. The agreement reunited Ozoliņš with fellow Latvian Artūrs Irbe. They had played together in Latvia and San Jose, shared an agent and together fund a youth hockey organization that buys equipment for children in Latvia. After expiration of Ozoliņš' Avalanche deal, he signed a five-year contract with Carolina worth more than $25 million. \"When you have a player like Sandis, you're willing to spend the money,\" general manager Jim Rutherford said. Ozoliņš didn't help the Hurricanes to advance in the playoffs, playing just one and a half seasons with Carolina before being traded to the Florida Panthers. Ozoliņš became a Panther after being acquired in 2001–02 mid-season from Carolina along with Byron Ritchie in exchange for Bret Hedican, Kevyn Adams, Tomáš Malec and a draft pick. Ozoliņš made his Panthers debut against Chicago on January 16, 2002. He wore #44 because #8 was already worn by Peter Worrell. Ozoliņš scored 10 goals and 19 assists in the remaining 37 games of the season. The Panthers did not make the playoffs during his time in Florida. During the 2002–03 season, the Panthers sent Ozoliņš to the Anaheim Mighty Ducks for Matt Cullen, Pavel Trnka, and a draft pick. During the 2003 NHL All-Star weekend (several days after he had been traded), Ozoliņš skipped the NHL All-Star skills competition where he would have had to wear a Panthers uniform. \"Participating in the All-Star Game is one thing, but the skills competition is another,\" said Ozoliņš, who was voted as an Eastern Conference starter. \"It would look really unusual for a player to be representing his old team, so I thought this was the right thing to do.\" He was fined an undisclosed amount by the league. Upon his arrival with the Ducks, Ozoliņš helped the club reach their first Stanley Cup Final, losing a seven-game series to the New Jersey Devils. In 2003–04, Ozoliņš battled injuries and was limited to 36 games. Following the lockout in 2004–05, Ozoliņš was dealt to the New York Rangers at the trading deadline for a third-round draft pick (which the Rangers had obtained earlier in a trade with the San Jose Sharks). With 14 points in 19 games in the 2005–06 season, Ozoliņš helped his team to advance to the playoffs, for which the Rangers had not qualified since 1997. In the next season on December 18, 2006, on the heels of a 6–1 loss to New Jersey, the Rangers placed Ozoliņš on waivers. After clearing waivers, Ozoliņš was assigned to the Hartford Wolf Pack of the American Hockey League (AHL), but a short while later was put on the injured reserve list due to a knee injury. Ozoliņš' later entered into the league's substance abuse program following a drunk driving arrest. After playing 2 games for the Worcester Sharks of the AHL and being cleared to play by doctors within the league's substance abuse program, he signed a one-year contract with San Jose on November 2, 2007. \"That was a big turnaround this summer and I'm finally comfortable with what I am and what has happened, I actually feel pretty good and I do what I have to do and I do what I was advised to do. And I do it for myself and not for anybody else,\" said Ozoliņš. In the 2007–08 NHL season he scored 3 goals and 13 assists in 39 games for the Sharks. He had a notable highlight reel save against the Anaheim Ducks, where as the puck slipped by goalie Evgeni Nabokov, and Ozoliņš slipped and fell as he made a stick save on the goal line. After his season with the Sharks, Ozoliņš was offered a one-year contract by the Los Angeles Kings worth $800,000, but he declined it and went on hiatus from hockey for a year. On July 13, 2009, Ozoliņš unexpectedly signed a one-year deal with KHL home country team Dinamo Riga, with whom he started his senior career in 1990. Ozoliņš got back his #8 – the same number which he wore while playing for Dinamo Riga. Ozoliņš was named a captain for the first time in his career. In the 2009–10 KHL season he was the team's leader in points among defensemen, scoring 5 goals and 20 assists in 43 games. In January 2010, Ozoliņš was selected to play on the starting roster for the Jaromír Jágr team in the KHL All-Star game. He was also selected to play in the KHL All-Star skills competition, but, due to a minor injury, only played in the first period and withdrew from the skills competition. On May 18, 2010, Ozoliņš extended his contract with Dinamo for another year, after he declined larger offers from four different KHL teams. In the first month of the 2010–11 KHL season Ozoliņš was honoured as the league's best defenseman after he registered 1 goal and 11 assists in 11 games, at the time being the league's leader in assists. He was injured in the November 28 game against HC Sibir and missed all of the December due to broken ribs. In January 2011, Ozoliņš was again selected to play on the starting roster in the KHL All-Star game. Before the start of a 2011–12 KHL season Ozoliņš received an offer from KHL Gagarin Cup 2011 winners Salavat Yulaev Ufa to join the team, but he declined",
"to a minor injury, only played in the first period and withdrew from the skills competition. On May 18, 2010, Ozoliņš extended his contract with Dinamo for another year, after he declined larger offers from four different KHL teams. In the first month of the 2010–11 KHL season Ozoliņš was honoured as the league's best defenseman after he registered 1 goal and 11 assists in 11 games, at the time being the league's leader in assists. He was injured in the November 28 game against HC Sibir and missed all of the December due to broken ribs. In January 2011, Ozoliņš was again selected to play on the starting roster in the KHL All-Star game. Before the start of a 2011–12 KHL season Ozoliņš received an offer from KHL Gagarin Cup 2011 winners Salavat Yulaev Ufa to join the team, but he declined it. During the 2011–12 KHL season, league officials confirmed Ozoliņš as captain of the Western Conference team in the All-Star Game 2012 (which took place on January 21, 2012) versus the Eastern Conference team captained by Sergei Fedorov. On July 12, 2012, Dinamo Riga board member Guntis Ulmanis told Latvian radio station Baltkom that Ozoliņš left KHL team Dynamo Riga as a free agent and could receive lucrative offers from Russian clubs. Since joining Riga, Ozoliņš had 22 goals and 65 assists in 158 regular season KHL appearances, serving as the team captain for every game. During his time with Dinamo Riga, Ozoliņš set several franchise records as a defenseman. On September 24, 2012, Ozoliņš signed a one-year deal with KHL team Atlant Moscow Oblast. In his only season with Atlant in 2012–13, Ozoliņš was named team captain and immediately served as a fixture on the blueline, producing 2 goals and 20 points in 42 games. In the off-season, Ozoliņš made another return as a free agent to Dinamo Riga, signing a one-year contract on May 8, 2013. On May 27, 2014, during an interview on national television he announced his retirement from professional hockey and plans to move into politics. However, he returned to Dinamo Riga as an assistant coach on October 31, 2016. He was promoted to head coach of the team on May 29, 2017. Ozoliņš, who was born in Latvia, played hockey internationally for the Soviet Union until 1991. His first major international tournament was 1991 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, where he won a silver medal, losing in the gold medal game to Canada. Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, he played under the new flag of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and won a gold medal at the 1992 World Junior Championships. During the tournament, the USSR was formally dissolved and the team was renamed as the Commonwealth of Independent States national junior team. Because Ozoliņš and Sergei Zholtok were from Latvia, which wasn't a member of the CIS, some other teams protested, but the protest was denied. Ozoliņš didn't play again internationally until 1998 due to injuries and the NHL playoff schedule. In 1998, after losing with the Avalanche to the Edmonton Oilers in the first round of the playoffs, Ozoliņš was able to rush to Switzerland and made his debut for Latvia in the elite division, where team Latvia had qualified for the second time since its independence in 1991. At that tournament he registered 1 goal and 2 assists. He again helped for his nation at the Men's World Ice Hockey Championship; he was able to participate because of the Hurricanes loss in the Conference quarterfinals. Latvia finished the tournament in 13th place. He played in next year's championship as well and one game during the 2002 Winter Olympics Ice hockey tournament. In the game versus Slovakia, Ozoliņš registered 4 assists, helping Latvia to a 6–6 tie. After a three-year absence, Ozoliņš helped Latvia qualify for the 2006 Winter Olympics Ice hockey tournament. It was intended to be his last international tournament; he announced his international retirement to the media following the conclusion of the Olympics. In spite of his announced retirement he rejoined team Latvia in their bid to qualify for the 2014 Olympics. The Latvian team, including Ozoliņš, did indeed qualify for the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, where they upset the Swiss to earn a berth in the quarterfinals, then lost to Canada to finish 8th. Ozoliņš was married to his secondary school schoolmate Sandra for more than 15 years, until May 2010 Ozoliņš submitted an application for divorce. He has two sons – Roberts(born in 1994) and Christopher(born in 1996). During the off-season Ozoliņš resides in Denver, Colorado, and most recently in Jūrmala, Latvia. Ozoliņš was the owner of Vilki OP/LaRocca of the Riga Open Championship until it became defunct in 2006. Ozoliņš also owns other Latvian sports ventures, including Latvia's first 18-hole golf course, Ozo Golf Club. In December 2009, Ozoliņš was voted as 2009's most popular sportsman in Latvia by internet voters. \"team\" \"individual\" Sandis Ozoliņš Sandis Ozoliņš (born August 3, 1972), commonly spelled Sandis Ozolinsh in North America, was the Latvian head coach of Dinamo Riga and a retired ice hockey player. During his career in North America, Ozoliņš was a seven-time NHL"
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"Cardiff Gaol Cardiff Gaol was a prison located on St. Mary Street, Cardiff, Wales. Prior to its construction, people were imprisoned in Cardiff Castle. Cardiff's original court and gaol were located within the walls of Cardiff Castle. Whilst the court moved within the castle walls, the gaol was always located within the Black Tower. The earliest surviving gaol record is a Gaol Calendar from 1542, at which time the castle was still used. After the Town Hall was built in the High Street in 1331, its main space included a court room, which resulted in the construction of a holding gaol in the basement. A new gaol was established in Cardiff in the 16th century, occupying a site on the High Street. In 1770, improvements and expansions were undertaken. The gallows were located on the site of the current St. Mary Street entrance to Cardiff Market, where Dic Penderyn was hanged on August 13, 1831. By 1814, the gaol was deemed insufficient, and after lands were secured south of Crockherbtown, construction took place, with the new Cardiff Prison opening at the end of 1832. This prison took over the county jail duties, but the gaol continued as the town jail. After the Home Office took over responsibility for corrections in the Prison Act 1877, the prison was expanded and the gaol finally closed. After demolition, the site became the new location of Cardiff Market. Cardiff Gaol Cardiff Gaol was a prison located on St. Mary Street, Cardiff, Wales. Prior to its construction, people were imprisoned in Cardiff Castle. Cardiff's original court and gaol were located within the walls of Cardiff Castle. Whilst the court moved within the castle walls, the gaol was always located within the Black Tower. The earliest surviving gaol record is a Gaol Calendar from 1542, at"
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"Shirley M. Frye Shirley M. Frye (née Urban) is an American mathematics educator. She is the former president of the National Council of Supervisors of Mathematics and the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Frye has a bachelor's degree from Thiel College (1951) and a master's degree from Arizona State University. At Thiel College, one of her mentors was mathematics professor Nathan Harter. She worked for 40 years as a mathematics teacher, retiring in 1991. In 1965 she hosted an educational television series on mathematics, on Arizona State University channel KAET. She first joined the board of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics in 1973, while working for the Scottsdale Unified School District in Arizona, and she served as president from 1988 to 1990. Under her presidency, the NCTM issued a report calling for more emphasis on reasoning over rote learning in primary and secondary school mathematics education, for the incorporation of calculators into classroom work, and for greater connections to everyday practical problems. She was quoted in \"Reader's Digest\" as dismissive of innate mathematical ability in mathematics, saying \"anyone can achieve confidence in math if properly instructed\". Frye was president of the National Council of Supervisors of Mathematics from 1981 to 1983. She also served on the Mathematical Sciences Education Board of the National Research Council, and as part of that service helped author a series of primary-school mathematics textbooks. Thiel College named Frye as their distinguished alumnus of the year in 1976. The National Council of Supervisors of Mathematics gave Frye their Glenn Gilbert National Leadership Award in 1986. Frye was the inaugural recipient of the Louise Hay Award of the Association for Women in Mathematics, in 1991. She won the 2002 Lifetime Achievement Award of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Shirley M. Frye Shirley"
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"King's Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom The King's Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom is a British medal instituted on 23 August 1945 to reward foreign nationals, who during the Second World War in danger of their lives had contributed to helping British military personnel to escape the enemy and escape from occupied areas or for other dangerous work for the British or Allied cause during the war. Distribution of the medal began in 1947. Around 3,200 medals were awarded. People who in less dangerous ways had made a deserving effort to further the British and Allied cause during World War II were eligible for the award of the King's Medal for Service in the Cause of Freedom. The medal is silver and is 36 mm in diameter. Obverse shows King George VI left facing portrait. The portrait is surrounded by the inscription \"GEORGIVS VI D: G: BR: OMN: REX ET IMP INDIAE:\" Reverse bears the inscription \"THE KING'S / MEDAL FOR / Courage / IN THE CAUSE OF / FREEDOM\" of five lines, where the word courage is in larger font than other words. The inscription is surrounded by a chain. The medal is suspended from a white ribbon, which has two narrow blue centre stripes and red edge stripes. King's Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom The King's Medal for Courage in the Cause of Freedom is a British medal instituted on 23 August 1945 to reward foreign nationals, who during the Second World War in danger of their lives had contributed to helping British military personnel to escape the enemy and escape from occupied areas or for other dangerous work for the British or Allied cause during the war. Distribution of the medal began in 1947. Around 3,200 medals were"
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"Historical U.S. Census totals for Windham County, Vermont This article shows U.S. Census totals for Windham County, Vermont, broken down by municipality, from 1900 to 2000. Most areas of New England are entirely divided into incorporated municipalities, with no unincorporated territory. In the three northern New England states, however, some unincorporated territory does exist, generally in areas that are very sparsely populated. Windham County contains a small amount of unincorporated territory, one of four counties in Vermont to have such areas. The unincorporated territory in Windham County consists of a tract measuring about , in a remote area of the Green Mountains on the county’s western edge. This area was once incorporated as the town of Somerset, and is still sometimes referred to as “Somerset Township”. Somerset disincorporated in 1937 due to population loss; its population has not reached double figures in any census since 1930. Except for Somerset, all of Windham County is incorporated. There are three types of incorporated municipalities in Vermont: towns, cities and villages. As in the other New England states, towns are the basic unit of municipal government. Cities are independent of and equivalent to towns, but differ in their form of government. Villages overlay towns and assume responsibility for some municipal services within their boundaries. Incorporated villages are not found in any of the other New England states, and are less common in Vermont today than they have been in the past. A number of villages have disincorporated over the years, choosing to revert to full town control; most of those that remain are very small. The main tables below show municipalities at the town level. The tables in the New England Historical U.S. Census Totals series differentiate between towns and cities; however, there have never been any cities in Windham County. For any census, adding up the totals for each town-level municipality, including Somerset, should yield the county total. (Note that, for censuses up through 1930, Somerset was an incorporated town. In that era, Windham County was entirely divided into incorporated municipalities, following the standard procedure in New England.) A separate section follows with population totals for villages from 1930 to 2000. For more information on the New England municipal system, see New England town. County Total: 26,660 County Total: 26,932 County Total: 26,373 County Total: 26,015 County Total: 27,850 Unorganized territory (the former town of Somerset) reported 5 residents. County Total: 28,749 Unorganized territory (the former town of Somerset) reported 8 residents. County Total: 29,776 Unorganized territory (the former town of Somerset) reported 4 residents. County Total: 33,476 Unorganized territory (the former town of Somerset) reported no residents. County Total: 36,933 Unorganized territory (the former town of Somerset) reported 2 residents. County Total: 41,588 Unorganized territory (the former town of Somerset) reported 2 residents. County Total: 44,216 Unorganized territory (the former town of Somerset) reported 5 residents. This section lists census totals for incorporated villages for 1930 through 2000. As of 1930, Windham County contained eight incorporated villages: Two of the villages have since disincorporated or otherwise become inactive: Note: complete data for 1900, 1910 and 1920 are not available, but the population of the village of Brattleboro was in 5,297 in 1900, 6,517 in 1910, and 7,324 in 1920 (by the time of the 1930 Census, the village of Brattleboro had disincorporated). 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1930 and 1940 Census The Census Bureau continued to tabluate population for the former village of Brattleboro in the 1930 and 1940 Censuses, even though the reports for those censuses acknowledge that it had disincorporated in 1927. The population totals were 8,709 in 1930 and 9,622 in 1940. 1960 Census The Census Bureau made a number of revisions to 1960 census totals subsequent to their initial release. When it did so, however, it appears to have updated municipal totals only, not overall county totals or state totals, even though in most cases changing municipal totals should have caused county and state totals to change. The 1960 total for Windham County was originally reported as 29,776; and for the town of Stratton, 24. The total for Stratton was later revised to that shown in the list above (38). This should have caused the county total to change as well (to 29,790), but subsequent census publications have continued to list the county total as it was originally reported (29,776). As a result, in the list above, the municipal totals for 1960 do not add to the county total. The 1960 state total for Vermont that appears in various Census materials (389,881) likewise reflects the original 1960 total for Windham County, and does not take into account the revision made to the population of Stratton. 1970 Census The 1970 Census reported a population of 544 for the village of Wilmington. This was in error, however, as the village had disincorporated in 1965. Historical U.S. Census totals for Windham County, Vermont This article shows U.S. Census totals for Windham County, Vermont, broken down by municipality, from 1900 to 2000. Most areas of New England are entirely divided into incorporated municipalities, with no unincorporated territory. In the three northern New England states, however, some unincorporated territory does exist, generally in areas that are very sparsely populated. Windham County contains a small amount of unincorporated territory, one of four counties in Vermont to have such areas. The unincorporated territory in Windham County consists of a tract measuring"
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"Newburgh On Ythan Golf Club Newburgh On Ythan Golf Club was founded in 1888 by John Udny of Udny and a band of \"founding fathers\" and is one of the oldest golf courses in Scotland. In 1897, Crown Prince Vajiravudh of Siam stayed for one month at the village hotel The Udny Arms, and spent his time learning to play golf on the links course. He was instructed by the professional of the day. The prince had completed his military training at Sandhurst and was studying History & Law at Christ Church, Oxford at the time of his Scottish break. Vajiravudh went on to be King and ruled Siam (now Thailand) from 1910 until his death in 1925. The course was originally presented to the people of the tiny fishing village of Newburgh for their enjoyment. The original 9 holes measured 1 mile, 401 yards (1 976 m) but it was changed around 1901 and was played as 18 holes up until the design was extended back to 18 holes in 1996 and now has a growing reputation as a ‘tough but fair’ traditional gorse lined links course where classic links shot making is required. The club's clubhouse was built with the support of lottery and local authority funding and was officially opened by the former British Open Champion, Paul Lawrie in 2001. The Golf Links is a Par 29, Competition Standard Scratch 29 measuring 6,423yards. The quality and standard of the course and greens is very high and it is acknowledged in Scottish golfing circles that the course offers a true test of links golf. Indeed, 2008 saw the course to hold the North East District Men’s Amateur Open Championship, a Scottish Golf Union Order of Merit ranking event. Newburgh On Ythan Golf Club Newburgh On Ythan Golf Club"
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"John I of Münsterberg John I of Münsterberg (ca. 1380 – 27 August 1428) was a Duke of Münsterberg (Ziębice) from 1410 until his death; until 1420 with his brother as co-ruler. He was the second son of Duke Bolko III of Münsterberg by his wife Euphemia, daughter of Duke Bolesław of Bytom. The death of his older brother Nicholas (on 9 November 1405) made him his father's heir. Bolko III died in 1410 and was succeeded by John. Like his father, he didn't need a regent, since he was an adult at the time. John nominally co-ruled with his younger brother Henry II, but he retained all the government in his hands. Henry II died childless in 1420 and since then John ruled over Münsterberg alone. Like his father and grandfather, he remained a faithful vassal of the House of Luxembourg. During the first years of his rule the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War took place. He participated there at the side of the Teutonic Order; however, his interference in the war was limited, especially after the Battle of Tuchola (4 November 1410), where he escaped from the battlefield with other noble and Teutonic knights. On 6 January 1420 John was present in the Reichstag of Breslau (Wrocław), where he spent a major disincentive to the Polish sentence in the process against the Teutonic Order. The previous politics of his predecessors was negligible, so when John assumed the government over his Duchy, he only had the town of Münsterberg. For this reasons, he married around 19 March 1408 with Elizabeth (d. 22 February/27 December 1424), widow of the powerful Polish magnate Spytek II of Melsztyn and daughter of Emeric I Lackfi, General Starost of Ruthenia, Ban of Dalmatia (Transylvanian Voivodship) and of Hungary. Thanks to this union, John obtain a huge dowry and the needed financial autonomy. The case was more strange by the fact that Elisabeth's first husband was one of the most closest advisers of King Władysław II Jogaila of Poland, the long-time enemy of John's sovereign, the Sigismund of Luxembourg, King of Hungary and Germany. Moreover, despite the hostile politics of King Sigismund, Elizabeth successfully continued with his many Polish contacts, even after his remarriage with the Duke of Münsterberg. The union proved to be childless, so John was the last male representative of Münsterberg branch of the Piast dynasty. By 1428 Silesia was in the middle of the Hussite Wars. Initially, seeing no chances of victory, Duke Louis II of Brieg entered into an arrangement with John, under which he was compelled to not interfere with the movements of enemy troops. However, for unknown reasons, John broke the ceasefire, and with this he began his participation in the war. John died on 27 August 1428 in the battle of Altwilmsdorf (Stary Wielisław), in the Valley of Glatz (Kłodzko), fighting against the Hussite leader Jan Kralovca. The cause of the disaster was a thoughtless attack of the Hussite troops, or earthwork built wagons from the battle. It's unknown where John was buried. On the alleged place of the Duke's death was built a Chapel during 1904–1905 designed by Ludwig Schneider. After his death, and according to the treaty of 1343, the Duchy of Münsterberg was annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia. John I of Münsterberg John I of Münsterberg (ca. 1380 – 27 August 1428) was a Duke of Münsterberg (Ziębice) from 1410 until his death; until 1420 with his brother as co-ruler. He was the second son of Duke Bolko III of Münsterberg by his wife Euphemia, daughter of Duke Bolesław of Bytom. The death of his older"
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"Tabernacle Chapel, Cardiff Tabernacle (Welsh: \"Y Tabernacl\") is a Welsh-language Baptist chapel in The Hayes in the centre of Cardiff, Wales. It is a Grade II* listed building. A chapel existed on the site from 1821, enlarged in 1840, then further enlarged and rebuilt between 1862 and 1865 in an Italianate style under local architect J. Hartland and Son. The front of the building has evidence of redevelopment rather than a complete rebuild, with one of the stair towers projecting beyond the main facade and the four upper windows appearing off-centre when viewed from inside. The front of the building is set back from the main road behind a forecourt, fronted with wrought iron railings and two gate pillars. The chapel façade is two generous storeys including a stair tower at each corner. The upper level of the central façade is set back, with four prominent round-headed windows. At ground floor level there are four round-headed doorways in a similar style, with one of them behind the main entrance. The stair towers and façade are topped by a parapet, which includes the inscriptions , and . The façades have a painted stucco finish. The main interior space is surrounded on all four sides by a high level gallery with a wrought iron ballustrade, all supported on iron columns. The main ceiling is flat coffered with a large ceiling rose. A large arch at the back of the space encloses the organ and a wooden pulpit. Viewed from inside, the stained glass windows can be appreciated. The central pair of upper level round-headed windows portray colourful scenes from the Bible, with one being the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist in the River Jordan. The windows were installed in 1928 in memory of the previous minister, Charles Davies (d. 1927), though it is unusual to have images like these in a nonconformist church. The chapel has been a listed building since 1975, currently Grade II*, as an \"ambitious chapel ...with particularly fine interior\". On 1 October 1961 the Tabernacle Chapel was the location of the first broadcast of the BBC's long-running religious TV programme, \"Songs of Praise\". The programme returned there again in June 2011 to film for the 50th anniversary edition. Tabernacle Chapel, Cardiff Tabernacle (Welsh: \"Y Tabernacl\") is a Welsh-language Baptist chapel in The Hayes in the centre of Cardiff, Wales. It is a Grade II* listed building."
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"Brian Myrow Brian Shawn Myrow (born September 4, 1976) is former American baseball player. Myrow was born on September 4, 1976, in Fort Worth, Texas. He attended Louisiana Tech University. He is married and has two sons. Myrow's professional career started with the independent Winnipeg Goldeyes in . After spending part of three seasons in Winnipeg, he first played affiliated baseball in in the New York Yankees organization. The New York Yankees purchased Myrow in June . It was the first time he played affiliated baseball. On May 15, , the Yankees traded Myrow to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Tanyon Sturtze. On May 15, , the Yankees traded Myrow to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Tanyon Sturtze. Myrow made his Major League Baseball debut with the Dodgers on September 6, . In 2006, Myrow joined the Lotte Giants of the Korea Baseball Organization. In August , Myrow signed with the Boston Red Sox organization. Myrow signed as a minor league free agent with the San Diego Padres in November 2006. Myrow hit his first career home run on July 8, , off Logan Kensing against the Florida Marlins at Petco Park. He became a free agent at the end of the 2008 season and signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox. He became a free agent at the end of the 2008 season and signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox. On June 23, , Myrow was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates for cash considerations. On June 23, , Myrow was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates for cash considerations. In 2011, he returned to the Winnipeg Goldeyes, to play for the organization that launched his professional career. He started 2012 with the Grand Prairie AirHogs. He remained with the AirHogs in 2013 before retiring to become their hitting coach. Brian Myrow Brian Shawn Myrow (born September 4, 1976) is former American baseball player. Myrow was born on September 4, 1976, in Fort Worth, Texas. He attended Louisiana Tech University. He is married and has two sons. Myrow's professional career started with the independent Winnipeg Goldeyes in . After spending part of three seasons in Winnipeg, he first played affiliated baseball in in the New York Yankees organization. The New York Yankees purchased Myrow in June . It was the first time he played affiliated baseball. On May 15, , the Yankees traded Myrow"
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"Aigas Aigas is a small crofting hamlet, in Inverness-shire, Scotland, now within the Highland Council area. It is situated on the north bank of the River Beauly, 5 miles south west of Beauly and 15 miles west of the city of Inverness. Aigas House is a historic building in Aigas, it is now used as Aigas Field Centre, run by John Lister-Kaye. It is built in the so-called Scots baronial style. The hamlet of Crask of Aigas is a short distance to the east. Eilean Aigas is a nearby island in the River Beauly. The house was for some time the home of Welsh brothers John Carter Allen and Charles Manning Allen, who called themselves the Sobieski Stuarts and spent their time inventing or formalising Scottish tartans. Aigas Aigas is a small crofting hamlet, in Inverness-shire, Scotland, now within the Highland Council area. It is situated on the north bank of the River Beauly, 5 miles south west of Beauly and 15 miles west of the city of Inverness. Aigas House is a historic building in Aigas, it is now used as Aigas Field Centre, run by John Lister-Kaye. It is built in the so-called Scots baronial style. The hamlet"
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"Alex Campbell (politician) Alexander Bradshaw Campbell (born December 1, 1933) is a former politician of Prince Edward Island, Canada. He is the son of former premier Thane A. Campbell and Cecilia L. Bradshaw. He entered politics by winning a seat in the legislature through a 1965 by-election in 5th Prince. Later the same year he was elected leader of the PEI Liberal Party and, in 1966 took the party to power becoming, at 32, one of the youngest premiers ever elected in Canada. He also held the position of Attorney-General from 1966 until 1969. Campbell's government attempted to strengthen the province's economy and improve social conditions by instituting programs such as assistance to homeowners and homebuilders. His government also revamped the educational system and established the PEI Heritage Foundation. He also started the Land Development Corporation and the PEI Lending Authority to help develop the economy. The government also brought in controls on absentee ownership of land. He left politics in 1978 to sit on the province's Supreme Court. Campbell attended Dalhousie University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree and a law degree, and, in 1959, he passed the bar in Prince Edward Island. In 1971 he was recognized as a \"Significant Sig\" by the Sigma Chi fraternity, of which he is a member. A long-time resident of his hometown of Summerside, Campbell was a member of Scouts Canada and later served as a Scout Leader. In his retirement, Campbell now resides in Stanley Bridge during the summer months and is a part-time winter resident of St. Petersburg, Florida where he has organized a \"Prince Edward Island Picnic\" at Desoto Park on the second Sunday of March every year since 2000. Campbell was appointed to the Order of Canada in 2013. Alex Campbell (politician) Alexander Bradshaw Campbell (born"
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"Sport in Switzerland In Switzerland, most of the people have a regular sport activity and one in four is an active member of a sports club. The most important all-embracing organisations for sports in Switzerland are the Federal Office of Sport, and the Swiss Olympic Committee (Swiss Olympic). Because of its varied landscape and climate, Switzerland offers a large variety of sports to its inhabitants and visitors. While winter sports are enjoyed throughout the country, football and ice hockey remain the most popular sports. Major sporting events in Switzerland include the Olympic Games, which were held two times in St. Moritz in Winter 1928 and Winter 1948, and, the 1954 FIFA World Cup, the UEFA Euro 2008 in Switzerland and Austria. Skiing and mountaineering are much practiced by Swiss people and foreigners, the highest summits attract mountaineers from around the world. As a predominantly mountainous country Switzerland has traditionally been one of the strongest nations in the sport of alpine skiing, where it has a long-running rivalry with the neighbouring nation of Austria. The Swiss reached their peak in the sport in the 1980s, when they won the overall Nations' Cup in the FIS Alpine Ski World Cup for seven consecutive years from 1981 to 1987. Switzerland's most successful alpine skiers include Pirmin Zurbriggen, Peter Müller, Bernhard Russi, Didier Cuche, Franz Heinzer and Michael von Grünigen among the men and Vreni Schneider, Erika Hess, Michela Figini, Maria Walliser, Marie Therese Nadig, Sonja Nef, Lise-Marie Morerod and Brigitte Oertli among the women. Switzerland is also notable as the birthplace of competitive sledding, which originated in the Swiss resort of St. Moritz, which was also where the first bobsleigh was constructed in the late nineteenth century. Switzerland has traditionally been a strong nation in bobsleigh, enjoying a particularly fierce rivalry with East Germany in the 1970s and 1980s. Simon Ammann has been one of the world's best ski jumpers in the 21st century, whilst Dario Cologna has emerged as one of the top cross-country skiers in the world in the late 2000s. Curling has been a very popular winter sport for more than 30 years. The Swiss teams have won 3 World Men's Curling Championships and 2 Women's titles. The Swiss men's team skipped by Dominic Andres won a gold medal at 1998 Nagano Winter Olympics. Stéphane Lambiel, two-time winner of the World Figure Skating Championships amongst numerous other domestic and international competitions, is one of the world's top figure skaters. Bandy exists in minor form. In September 2017 Switzerland made its debut at the annual rink bandy tournament in Nymburk, Czech Republic. At the 2018 Women's Bandy World Championship, Switzerland will participate. Most Swiss people follow ice hockey and support one of the 12 teams of the National League which, as of 2017, is the most-attended European ice hockey league. In April–May 2009, Switzerland hosted the Ice Hockey World Championships for the 10th time. The Swiss national ice hockey team's latest achievements are two silver medals at the 2013 World Ice Hockey Championships and 2018 World Ice Hockey Championships. The \"Nati\" is currently ranked 7th at the IIHF World Ranking. Like many other Europeans, most Swiss are fans of association football and the national team or 'Nati' is widely supported. The national team has previously participated at seven different FIFA World Cups (last in 2014) and two different UEFA European Championships (last in 2008 as a co-host with Austria). At club level Grasshopper Club Zürich holds the records for winning the most national championship titles (27) and the most Swiss Cup trophies (19). More recently FC Basel enjoyed great success on a national (winning 7 championship titles in the last 10 years) and international level (qualifying 5 times for the UEFA Champions League Group stage). Switzerland (Mies) is home to the headquarters of FIBA, the world's governing agency for international events. Unsurprisingly, the country is one of FIBA's founding members and therefore has one of the world's longest basketball traditions. Once a major team at the international scene, its national team does not have major international significance anymore, despite occasional strong showings at qualification games. The country has brought forth two NBA Players, Thabo Sefolosha and Clint Capela. Swiss rugby dates back over a century. More recently, 2006-07 Heineken Cup clash between the French side Bourgoin and Irish rugby's Munster was moved from Bourgoin's home ground, to the Stade de Genève (Geneva Stadium). The stadium's capacity is 30,000, and attendance on the day was 16,255. Motorsport road racing circuits and events were banned in Switzerland following the 1955 Le Mans disaster with the exception of events held in a time trial format such as hillclimbing. On June 6, 2007 an amendment to lift the ban was passed by the lower house of the Swiss parliament. However the proposed law failed to pass the upper house, and was withdrawn in 2009 after being rejected twice. In 2015 the Swiss government allowed a relaxation of the law, permitting head-to-head racing for electric vehicles only. In June 2018 Switzerland hosted its first motor race in 63 years when the first Zürich ePrix was held as a round of the all-electric Formula E championship. Despite the long-standing restrictions, the country has produced successful road racing drivers such as Clay Regazzoni, Jo Siffert and successful World Touring Car Championship driver Alain Menu. Switzerland also won the A1GP World Cup of Motorsport in 2007-08 with driver Neel Jani. Swiss racing driver Marcel Fässler won the World Endurance Championship in 2012 and has won the Le Mans 24 Hours three times, and motorcycle racer Thomas Lüthi won the 2005 MotoGP World Championship in the 125cc category. Also, Formula One constructor Sauber is based in Switzerland. However, other forms of motorsport are permitted, such as rallying, motocross, supermotard, enduro and trials. High-profile drivers from Formula One and World Rally Championship such as Michael Schumacher, Nick Heidfeld, Kimi Räikkönen, Fernando Alonso, Lewis Hamilton, Sébastien Loeb and Sebastian Vettel all have a residence in Switzerland, sometimes for tax purposes. Over the last few years several Swiss tennis players, like Roger Federer, Stanislas Wawrinka and Martina Hingis, became Grand Slam singles champions. Federer has won 20 Grand Slam titles and holds the record for the longest consecutive stay as the world number 1. Another Swiss tennis figure is Marc Rosset, winning the singles gold medal at the 1992 Olympics. Switzerland is also the home of the sailing team Alinghi which won the America's Cup in 2003 and defended the title in 2007. Golf is becoming increasingly popular, with already more than 35 courses available and more in planning. André Bossert is a successful Swiss professional golfer. The Switzerland national beach football team won the Euro Beach football Cup in 2005 and were runners-up twice, in 2008 Euro Beach football Cup and 2009 Euro Beach football Cup. More recently, they were also runners-up in the 2009 FIFA Beach football World Cup that took place in November. Other sports where the Swiss have been successful include athletics, (Werner Günthör and Markus Ryffel), fencing, (Marcel Fischer), cycling, (Fabian Cancellara, Ferdinand Kübler, Hugo Koblet, Oscar Egg, Jolanda Neff, Stefan Küng), kickboxing (Andy Hug), whitewater slalom (Ronnie Dürrenmatt—canoe, Mathias Röthenmund—kayak), beach volleyball (Sascha Heyer, Markus Egger, Paul and Martin Laciga), professional wrestling (Claudio Castagnoli), and triathlon (Brigitte McMahon, Reto Hug, Sven Riederer, Nicola Spirig, Daniela Ryf). In cycling, Fabian Cancellara nicknamed 'Spartacus' is one of the best road racer of modern times. He has achieved great success in the classics; he has won Paris–Roubaix three times, the Milan – San Remo once, and the",
"football World Cup that took place in November. Other sports where the Swiss have been successful include athletics, (Werner Günthör and Markus Ryffel), fencing, (Marcel Fischer), cycling, (Fabian Cancellara, Ferdinand Kübler, Hugo Koblet, Oscar Egg, Jolanda Neff, Stefan Küng), kickboxing (Andy Hug), whitewater slalom (Ronnie Dürrenmatt—canoe, Mathias Röthenmund—kayak), beach volleyball (Sascha Heyer, Markus Egger, Paul and Martin Laciga), professional wrestling (Claudio Castagnoli), and triathlon (Brigitte McMahon, Reto Hug, Sven Riederer, Nicola Spirig, Daniela Ryf). In cycling, Fabian Cancellara nicknamed 'Spartacus' is one of the best road racer of modern times. He has achieved great success in the classics; he has won Paris–Roubaix three times, the Milan – San Remo once, and the Tour of Flanders three times. Cancellara has won the opening stage of the Tour de France five times and has led the race for 28 days total, which is the most of any rider who has not won the Tour. His success has not been limited to just time trials and classics, as he has won general classification of the Tirreno–Adriatico, Tour de Suisse, and the Tour of Oman. In 2008, he won gold in the individual time trial and silver in the men's road race at the Summer Olympics. In addition, Cancellara has been the time trial world champion four times in his career. Switzerland is the third most successful orienteering country in history. Traditional sports include Swiss wrestling or \"Schwingen\". It is an old tradition from the rural central cantons and considered the national sport by some. Hornussen is another indigenous Swiss sport, which is like a cross between baseball and golf. Steinstossen is the Swiss variant of stone put, a competition in throwing a heavy stone. Practiced only among the alpine population since prehistoric times, it is recorded to have taken place in Basel in the 13th century. It is also central to the Unspunnenfest, first held in 1805, with its symbol the 83.5 kg stone named \"Unspunnenstein\". Sport in Switzerland In Switzerland, most of the people have a regular sport activity and one in four is an active member of a sports club. The most important all-embracing organisations for"
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"1989–90 Isthmian League The 1989–90 season was the 75th season of the Isthmian League, which is an English football competition featuring semi-professional and amateur clubs from London, East and South East England. League consisted of three divisions. Division Two was divided into two sections. Slough Town were champions, winning their second Isthmian League title and were promoted to the Conference. The Premier Division consisted of 22 clubs, including 19 clubs from the previous season and three new clubs: Division One consisted of 22 clubs, including 16 clubs from the previous season and six new clubs: Two clubs relegated from the Premier Division: Four clubs promoted from Division Two North: Four clubs promoted from Division Two South: Division Two North consisted of 22 clubs, including 19 clubs from the previous season and three new clubs: Division Two South consisted of 21 clubs, including 18 clubs from the previous season and three new clubs: 1989–90 Isthmian League The 1989–90 season was the 75th season of the Isthmian League, which is an English football competition featuring semi-professional and amateur clubs from London, East and South East England. League consisted of three divisions. Division Two was divided into two sections. Slough Town were champions,"
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"St. Teresa’s Shrine, Mahé (Mahé Church), India St. Teresa’s Shrine, Mahe is one of the most visited shrines in India. The Shrine is located in Mahe, in the State and Union Territory of Puducherry which shares its boundaries with the State of Kerala. According to a record which was discovered in the Carmelite Archives at Rome titled \"De Missione Mahinensi in Malabaribus Commentarius\" by Reverend Father Ignatius A.S Hippolytes O.C.D (dated 2 July 1757) the Shrine at Mahe was erected in 1736. According to the same document an Italian Reverend Father Dominic of St. John of the Cross came to Mahe and established the Mahe Mission in 1723 during the reign of King Bayanor, the Raja of Kadathanad near Vatakara. A small community of Christians gradually grew up at this place and in December 1736 the shrine was dedicated to this reformer Reverend Father Dominic of St. John of the Cross according to the solemn ritual of the Roman Catholic Church. Before becoming an established place of worship in 1736 the Shrine was constructed with thatches which were later modified several times. The Carmelite Missionaries helped in the early and later formation of the church and the spiritual growth of the people of the place. More than 2000 adults, excluding children were baptized and received into the Church by them. However, in 1736 the Shrine is believed to have suffered some damage due to the wars between the French and the British. In March 1779 the shrine was damaged a greater extent or perhaps destroyed. But according to a government record about 1788 Abbe Duchenin renovated the shrine and gave it the form in which it is seen today. Afterwards the tower of the church was renovated in 1855 and a clock on the tower presented by the French Marines was fixed in the same year. In 1956 the shrine was once again renovated and was also electrified. During the subsequent years Avila Pilgrim Centre, Avila Bhavan (Sisters of Charity), St Teresa’s Nursery and Primary School, Parish Hall and a New Presbytery were constructed. Many modifications to the Shrine was followed and major renovation of the Shrine was done in 2010. Regarding the origin of the statue of St. Teresa there are two prominent beliefs. One is that this miraculous statue was carried in a ship along the West Coast and the ship was stopped at present Mahe and did not move afterward, whereupon the crew understood that it was the will of St. Teresa of Avila that this particular statue was to be enshrined at Mahe. The other tradition has it that this miraculous statue was caught in a fisherman’s net in the sea near Mahe. The feast of the Shrine is one of the important events of the place and it starts in the second week (5th) of every October to the fourth week (22nd) with 14th and 15th as the main days of the feast. St. Teresa’s Shrine, Mahé (Mahé Church), India St. Teresa’s Shrine, Mahe is"
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"Healthy, Wealthy and Wise Healthy, Wealthy and Wise was a pioneering lifestyle television program shown in Australia. It was shown on Network Ten and was seen from 1992 until 1998. The programme also helped re-invent the then-ailing network after its financial collapse of the late 1980s. It helped popularise the lifestyle genre in Australia, and it also spawned a number of imitators during the 1990s, including the Seven Network's \"Better Homes and Gardens\", which is still seen today. The show was created and produced by Michael Dickinson and Executive Producer Gavan Disney, once the producer of the Nine Network's long-running variety show \"Hey Hey it's Saturday\" and packaged by Disney Entertainment P/L for the Ten Network and its affiliates throughout the world. The title takes its name from the proverb, \"Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.\" This quote is often attributed to Benjamin Franklin since it appeared in his \"Poor Richard's Almanack\"; however, it was first used in print by John Clarke in a 1639 book of English and Latin proverbs. (Consequently, as it is a proverb, Clarke was also probably not the original author but was simply passing on a common saying.) Notable people associated with the programme included Felicity Kennett, wife of the then Premier of Victoria Jeff Kennett, and Jim Brown, a former Ten eyewitness news journalist. Others such as Iain Hewitson used the opportunity to develop an ongoing TV career with the show as a starting point, including crafts lady Tonia Todman. The popular motoring journalist Peter Wherrett had some staying power. The show's finance guru Ross Greenwood enjoyed particular success and became network finance editor on the Nine Network. Some featured reporters and presenters on the show included: Healthy, Wealthy and Wise Healthy, Wealthy and Wise was"
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"Microsoft Pinpoint Microsoft Pinpoint was a searchable online directory of software applications and professional services based on Microsoft technologies. All software applications and services listed on the Pinpoint website were provided by independent information technology (IT) companies, including Microsoft Certified Partners, affiliated with the Microsoft Partner Network. Pinpoint was launched in the United States in 2008. As of May 2010, the U.S. site contained more than 7,000 software application listings from more than 30,000 Microsoft-technology independent software vendors (ISVs). Microsoft had announced plans to expand Pinpoint to most major markets worldwide by the end of 2010. A global roll-out of the directory began in 2009, with subsidiary websites launching in the United Kingdom, India, Germany, and the Netherlands, and as of July 2010, subsidiary websites had launched in Canada (French and English), Austria, Switzerland, France, Russia, Australia, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Colombia, and Venezuela. Pinpoint was the successor to Microsoft Solution Finder. At the end of 2017 Pinpoint was shut down by Microsoft and Microsoft Partner Center proposed as a successor. Microsoft Pinpoint Microsoft Pinpoint was a searchable online directory of software applications and professional services based on Microsoft technologies. All software applications and services listed on the Pinpoint website were"
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"Septuagint manuscripts The Septuagint (LXX), the ancient (first centuries BC) Alexandrian translation of Jewish scriptures into Koine Greek exists in various manuscript versions. The list of Septuagint manuscripts according to the classification of Alfred Rahlfs - a list of all known Septuagint manuscripts proposed by Alfred Rahlfs based on census of Holmes and Parsons. The first list of Septuagint manuscripts was presented by Holmes and Parsons. Their edition ends with a full list of manuscripts known to them set out in the Annexes. It enumerates 311 codes (marked with Roman numerals I-XIII and Arab 14-311), of which the codes are designated by their siglum I-XIII, 23, 27, 39, 43, 156, 188, 190, 258, 262. The codes marked with Roman numerals signify given letters from A to Z. There are currently over 2000 classified manuscripts of the Septuagint. The table of Septuagint manuscripts is divided into ten parts: State according to a document dated December 2012. Septuagint manuscripts The Septuagint (LXX), the ancient (first centuries BC) Alexandrian translation of Jewish scriptures into Koine Greek exists in various manuscript versions. The list of Septuagint manuscripts according to the classification of Alfred Rahlfs - a list of all known Septuagint manuscripts proposed by"
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"SLAF Diyatalawa SLAF \"Diyatalawa\" is the Sri Lanka Air Force station in Diyatalawa. It is the primary ground combat training centre for SLAF Regiment and other trades. It runs basic combat courses for officer cadets and recruits as well as Advanced training for SLAF Regiment officer cadets. Gunner instructor technique course, drill instructor technique course and physical training instructor course are carried out here. The Royal Ceylon Air Force first established a detachment in the garrison town of Diyatalawa on 15 October 1952, at the Stable Hill Camp as a Ground Combat and Recruit Training Unit, with seconded RAF officer in command. In 1953 McReberts Camp was taken over by the RCyAF from the RAF. SLAF Diyatalawa SLAF \"Diyatalawa\" is the Sri Lanka Air Force station in Diyatalawa. It is the primary ground combat training centre for SLAF Regiment and other trades. It runs basic combat courses for officer cadets and recruits as well as Advanced training for SLAF Regiment officer cadets. Gunner instructor technique course, drill instructor technique course and physical training instructor course are carried out here. The Royal Ceylon Air Force first established a detachment in the garrison town of Diyatalawa on 15 October 1952, at the"
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"German frigate Bremen Bremen was a \"Bremen\"-class frigate of the German Navy. She was the lead ship of the class, and the second surface warship to serve with one of the navies of Germany to be named after the city of Bremen, in the state of Bremen. Her predecessor was the cruiser of the Imperial German Navy, one of the \"Bremen\" class. \"Bremen\" was laid down in July 1979 at the yards of Bremer Vulkan, Bremen and launched on 27 September 1979. Her sponsor was Christine Koschnick, wife of the then mayor of Bremen Hans Koschnick. After undergoing trials \"Bremen\" was commissioned on 7 May 1982. During her later career she was based at Wilhelmshaven as part of \"4. Fregattengeschwader\", forming a component of \"Einsatzflottille 2\". Initially built with five-bladed Sulzer-Escher propellers, these were later replaced with seven-bladed ones from Wegemann & Company, making \"Bremen\" the fastest of her class. She was also the first warship in the navy to carry a helicopter. \"Bremen\" participated in various international missions during her career. She was frequently deployed to participate in NATO permanent monitoring missions in the Mediterranean during the Gulf War in 1991. In late January 1992 she escorted the German freighter \"Godewind\" into Cartagena, Spain. The \"Godewind\" had been intercepted in the Mediterranean by the destroyer \"Mölders\" while transporting T-72 tanks from Poland to Syria without German permission. From 1992 to 1996 \"Bremen\" was active in the Adriatic Sea as part of NATO's Operation Sharp Guard, the maritime blockade of the former Yugoslavia during the Yugoslav Wars. From 2002 she served in the counter-terrorism Operation Enduring Freedom. In 2009 \"Bremen\" joined Operation Atalanta, the EU's anti-piracy mission off the Horn of Africa. On 14 August 2009 she deployed her helicopter to counter a pirate attack on the Turkish-flagged merchant ship MS \"Elgiznur Cebi\". On encountering a pirate skiff and six pirates, the helicopter fired warning shots to force it to stop. The skiff was then seized by the Greek frigate \"Narvarinon\", which found weapons and boarding ladders. In May 2012 \"Bremen\" was again deployed with Operation Atalanta, taking over from the replenishment oiler \"Berlin\", in a ceremony attended by German Secretary of State . \"Bremen\" was relieved from these duties in September 2012 by the \"Sachsen\"-class frigate \"Sachsen\". \"Bremen\" was removed from active service on 30 September 2013, and was decommissioned on 28 March 2014 at Wilhelmshaven by her final commander, Ingolf Schlobinsky. By this time she had been in service for 32 years, and had sailed over 1.5 million kilometres, under the command of 16 different captains. She was laid up in Wilhelmshaven as a source of spare parts for the remaining \"Bremen\"-class frigates in service. German frigate Bremen Bremen was a \"Bremen\"-class frigate of the German Navy. She was the lead ship of the class, and the second surface warship to serve with one of the navies of Germany to be named after the city of Bremen, in the state of Bremen. Her predecessor was the cruiser of"
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"Cuban green woodpecker The Cuban green woodpecker (\"Xiphidiopicus percussus\") is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is the only species within the genus Xiphidiopicus. It is endemic to Cuba. A distinctive, relatively small woodpecker of the general size and shape of a sapsucker, occasionally appearing crested, with bright olive-green upperparts and yellow underparts. Nape and upper breast are bright red with some black bases to feathers usually visible, with black chin and throat; red crown in males, black crown striped white in females. White face and supercilium, punctuated by black border to cheek. Yellow breast is streaked with black or greenish-black, yellow on flanks barred with black. The crissum (the area around the cloaca) is yellow with black barring. Females are significantly smaller than the male, generally shorter-billed. Juveniles are generally duller in plumage, showing more barring and streaking below. It measures in length and weighs . Its natural habitats are dry forests, lowland moist forests, and heavily degraded former forest. Cuban green woodpecker The Cuban green woodpecker (\"Xiphidiopicus percussus\") is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is the only species within the genus Xiphidiopicus. It is endemic to Cuba. A distinctive, relatively small"
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"Agasthyavanam Biological Park Agasthyavanam Biological Park is a protected area in the Western Ghats, India. The park in kuttichal panchayat and lies between the Neyyar and Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries. It has an area of 31 square kilometers. The Agasthyavanam Biological Park was established in 1997. Its name derives from the famous Agastimalai Agasthyakoodam Peak, which is visible at a distance from the park. The Government of India formed a committee in 1992 with the view to conduct a feasibility study in the area to determine if a biological park could be established. The committee's recommendation was that there was such a possibility. They suggested that only selective species of plant and animals be introduced in the biological area. Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve (ABR) was notified on 12 November 2001 under UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere Programme. The ABR falls exclusively in Kerala, covering an area of 1701 km. The forest tracts of Neyyar, Peppara, Shendumey wildlife Sancturias and Achencoil, Thenmala, Konni, Punalur, Thiruvananthapuram Divisions and Agasthyavanam Special Division is included in ABR. For the co-ordination of the activities of various departments in the B.R. area and for ensuring the scientific management of the B.R., a local committee and state level Biosphere Management Committee were also constituted as per GOI guidelines. In 1992, the Government of Kerala constituted a scientific committee to study the feasibility of setting up a Biological park in the highly degraded forest area of Kottoor at kuttichal panchayat. The committee suggested that the ultimate objective of the endeavor be to regenerate, conserve and propagate selected wild flora and fauna. The area earmarked had negligible tree and animal population despite its abundant water resources. The soil was found to be fertile and the climate salubrious. The flora and fauna, which existed here previously, should have been the representatives of Western Ghats. The Kottoor Reserve forests lie in the Paruthipalli range of the Trivandrum forest division. It lies on the western slopes of the Western Ghats, at the south-east corner in Nedumangad taluk in kuttichal panchayat. It is contiguous with the Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary in the southwest borders and the Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary in the northeast. The highly degraded nature of this area was the reason for not including it in any of the sanctuaries. The total estimated area of the park is 23 km. Of this 17.5 km is to be converted to thick jungle, the rest is for manipulative conservation programs. Conservatories will be established for a variety of plant species and for the reintroduction, production, breeding and propagation of wild animals and birds. In spite of the good rainfall received, the quick drainage of water from the area to the Arabian Sea leaves the place barren for around six months. Small check dams, if built, can retain water in small ponds and preserve the humidity and moisture, promoting vegetation growth in the dry season. Thus the Agasthyavanam Project, in short, aims at ecotourism, afforestation and conservation. The administrative responsibility of this park lies with the Wildlife Warden, Trivandrum. The airport and railway station at Trivandrum are very close to the Reserve. Bus routes extend to Bonakkadu near vithura 35 km walk unavoidable to reach and other Bus route is Trivandrum-Kattakada - Kuttichal -Kotoor- Chonapara Tribel settlement. This is the easy way go by KSRTC Bus station. There are lodges and hotels in KUTTICHAL,32 km from trivandrum, and kuttichal, 08 km from Neyyar Dam, 20 km from ponmudi and 08 km from agastya vanam biologikkal park, India's first biological park. A maximum of 50 people per day are allowed into the park. Visitors are issued an entry pass from the Trivandrum Wildlife Division against payment of Rs 50. It is better to halt at Athiramal, as there are no accommodation near the park. Agasthyavanam Biological Park Agasthyavanam Biological Park is a protected area in the Western Ghats, India. The park in kuttichal panchayat and lies between the Neyyar and Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries. It has an area of 31 square kilometers. The Agasthyavanam Biological Park was established in 1997. Its name derives from the famous Agastimalai Agasthyakoodam Peak, which is visible at a distance from the park. The Government of India formed a committee in 1992 with the view to"
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"POP before SMTP POP before SMTP or SMTP after POP is a method of authentication used by mail server software which helps allow users the option to send e-mail from any location, as long as they can demonstrably also fetch their mail from the same place. The POP before SMTP approach has been superseded by SMTP Authentication due to SMTP authentication being more widely used in recent years, for this and other purposes too. Technically, users are allowed to use SMTP from an IP address as long as they have previously made a successful login into the POP service at the same mail hosting provider, from the same address, within a predefined timeout period. The main advantage of this process is that it is generally transparent to the average user who will be connecting with an email client, which will almost always make a connection to fetch new mail before sending new mail. The disadvantages include a potentially complex setup for the mail hosting provider (requiring some sort of communication channel between the POP service and the SMTP service) and uncertainty as to how much time users will take to connect via SMTP (to send mail) after connecting to POP. Those users not handled by this method need to resort to other authorization methods. Also, in cases where users come from externally controlled dynamically assigned addresses, the SMTP server must be careful about not giving too much leeway when allowing unauthorized connections, because of a possibility of race conditions leaving an open mail relay unintentionally exposed. POP before SMTP POP before SMTP or SMTP after POP is a method of authentication used by mail server software which helps allow users the option to send e-mail from any location, as long as they can demonstrably also fetch their mail from the"
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"Madhouse Brigade Madhouse Brigade is a half-hour sketch comedy series conceived and written by Alexander \"Sandy\" Marshall, and produced by Alexander Marshall, Dale Keidel and Jim Larkin. It aired in U.S. syndication in 1978 and 1979, and won Marshall an Emmy Award in 1980 as Best Writer of an Entertainment Series. This independent production included appearances by future Saturday Night Live cast member, Joe Piscopo, Ty-D-Bowl Man, Dan Resin as well as Frank Nastasi, also known as the man behind \"White Fang\" on The Soupy Sales Show. Other cast members included Karen Rushmore, Carlos Carrasco, Bob \"Rocket\" Ryan and Nola Fairbanks. Sketches included a fashion show featuring clothing made of food; commercial parodies involving a dog food spokesman getting carried away and eating the product; diapers for adult \"Campers\"; a sleep aid that makes your \"Partner\" go to sleep; Adolf Hitler as a stand-up comedian; and musical performances that included the original love songs \"It's Time to Start Unloading You\" and \"Love Stinks the Most\". The Madhouse Brigade theme song and musical arrangements were by musical director Tony Monte. Madhouse Brigade Madhouse Brigade is a half-hour sketch comedy series conceived and written by Alexander \"Sandy\" Marshall, and produced by Alexander"
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"FC U Craiova 1948 FC U Craiova is a Romanian football club based in Craiova Dolj County, and currently a member of the Liga III. In 1991, promptly after the CS Universitatea Craiova sports club dissolved its football department, \"Fotbal Club Universitatea Craiova\" took its place in the first division. It continued the original club's tradition for the next two decades, but was reorganised multiple times and retroactively deemed as an unofficial successor. FC U's only major honour is the 1992–93 Cupa României, although it also claims the 4 national titles and 5 national cups won between 1948 and 1991. FC U Craiova was disaffiliated by the Romanian Football Federation on 14 May 2012, following their temporary banishment since 20 July 2011, and consequently retired from every competition. The Romanian Court confirmed that the 2012 dissafiliation was legal and in September 2014 the team was officially declared bankrupt. The club was reestablished in 2017 and commenced play in the fourth league. In 1991, Universitatea Craiova won for the last time the Championship and the Romanian Cup, under Sorin Cârţu as coach. In the same year, the sports club CS Universitatea Craiova dissolved its football section and \"Fotbal Club Universitatea Craiova\" informally continued their tradition. Until 1994, the club was still controlled by the Ministry of National Education. In the following years, Craiova became a middle-table team, with rather poor performances. At the end of the 2004–05 season they were relegated to the second football division for the first time in the club's history, returning to the first league after the following season. On 20 July 2011, the club was temporarily excluded by the Romanian Football Federation for failing to withdraw their dispute with former coach Victor Piţurcă from a civil court, as per article 57 of the FRF statute which states that the Football Federation solves all the sports lawsuits. However, the article allows disputes regarding employment contracts to be adjudicated in civil court. The exclusion decision was approved by the FRF General Assembly on 14 May 2012. All of the squad players were declared free agents and signed with other clubs. A criminal investigation was started by the National Anticorruption Directorate on 22 October 2011, against the heads of the Romanian Professional Football League and of the Football Federation, as well as against the Executive Committee members of the FRF, on charges of official misconduct in the case of the exclusion. On 14 May 2012, the Executive Committee validated the temporary exclusion decision taken on 20 July 2011. In April 2014 the High Court of Cassation and Justice confirmed that the Romanian Football Federation \"acted in accordance with regulations and statutes in force when members voted to exclude the club\". The criminal case against the president of the FRF was also dismissed in 2017. On 22 June 2012, the Bucharest Court of Appeal ruled that the exclusion of FC U Craiova from FRF was illegal. On 15 November 2012, the Court ruled that the validation decision was also illegal. Although the club was invited to sign up in the Liga II for the 2012–13 season, the owner of the club refused this invitation. On 2 March 2013, the club announced that it filed a request to rejoin the competitions, starting from the 2013–14 season, in Liga II. However, at the same time, the local authorities from the city of Craiova created another football team, called CS Universitatea Craiova, claiming the right to continue the team that was removed from Liga I in 2011. A new legal battle soon started between the two. Eventually CS Universitatea was acknowledged as owner of the \"Universitatea Craiova\" brand and was allowed to list the record of Universitatea Craiova between 1948 and 1991, but not with the record for the next 20 years, that FC Universitatea is now allowed to claim. In the meantime, in the summer of 2013, both FC Universitatea and CS Universitatea officially rejoined the Liga II competition, Series II. The first match of this team was the victory against SCM Argeşul Piteşti in the fourth round of the Romanian Cup, qualifying to the fifth round of the competition. FC Universitatea and CS Universitatea competed in the same league and met in two games that year, both ended 0–0. With a more stable and sustainable financing, CS Universitatea promoted to Liga I that year, while FC Universitatea withdrew from the competition. The company operating the team went bankrupt, so FC Universitatea no longer appeared in any competition. In 2017, Adrian Mititelu created a new company and his team was allowed to participate in the top regional tier of Dolj County, which it won in the first year and was promoted to Liga III. FC U Craiova is supported by the \"Peluza Sud 97\" ultras. Due to the strong division among the Universitatea fans in the city, the other ultras groups either support CS Universitatea Craiova or remain neutral. In March 2018, FC U Craiova supporters attending a friendly game between Romania and Sweden at the Stadionul Ion Oblemenco booed Universitatea Craiova player Alexandru Mitriță upon being substituted out. As a response CS Universitatea Craiova fans symbolically used insecticide to \"get rid of the stench\" left over by \"Peluza Sud 97\" ultras. FC U's main rival is FC Dinamo București. The rivalry was amplified in 2002 and 2005 when Dinamo transferred an important group of players from Craiova. Other rivalries of FC U are with Steaua București and CS Universitatea Craiova, the latter rivalry because FC U claims the history of Universitatea. Norcia Winter Cup Italy FC U Craiova 1948 FC U Craiova is a Romanian football club based in Craiova Dolj County, and currently a member of the Liga III. In 1991, promptly after the CS Universitatea Craiova sports club dissolved its football department, \"Fotbal Club Universitatea Craiova\" took its place in the first division. It continued the original club's tradition for the next two decades, but was reorganised multiple times and retroactively deemed as an unofficial successor. FC U's only"
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"Magnor Glassverk Magnor Glassworks (\"Magnor Glassverk AS\") is a glass company located in Eidskog, in Hedmark county, Norway. Eda glasbruk glassworks factory was first founded in 1830 by Carl Christopher Lampa and Lars Wilhelm Ahlbom in Eda kommun in Värmland County, Sweden. In 1842, new owners took over the glass factory and in 1862 moved a site in Surte, in Västra Götaland County, Sweden. A branch location, first known as Geijer Fors Glass Works, was started in 1896 at Magnor, a village in the municipality of Eidskog, in Hedmark, Norway. Magnor Glassworks was established in a forested area near the border between Norway and Sweden. The large forests supplied fuel for the melting furnaces. While the operations on the Swedish side of the border has ceased, Magnor Glassworks is still in operation and produces tableware, vases and other art objects in glass. The company has manufactured glassware designed by Norwegian fashion designer Per Spook and Norwegian painter and artist Vebjørn Sand. Magnor Glassverk Magnor Glassworks (\"Magnor Glassverk AS\") is a glass company located in Eidskog, in Hedmark county, Norway. Eda glasbruk glassworks factory was first founded in 1830 by Carl Christopher Lampa and Lars Wilhelm Ahlbom in Eda kommun in"
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"Flight of Black Angel Flight of Black Angel is a 1991 TV (Showtime) aviation film directed by Jonathan Mostow, featuring William O'Leary and Peter Strauss. Captain Eddie Gordon, a top gun pilot of an Air Force academy, is a talented and aggressive pilot who proves too much for his fellow instructees to match. His flight instructor, Matt Ryan (Peter Strauss) tries to encourage him to practice restraint, but with little success. After his birthday party at his home in Las Vegas, Eddie puts a religiously motivated long-organized plan into action: He kills his brother (Rodney Eastman) and his parents (Ben Rawnsley and K. Callan). He then holds Captain Melissa Gaiter (Patricia Sill) of the Air Force base at gunpoint and forces her to arm his IAI Kfir C1 with live ordnance, a radar-jamming pod and a tactical nuclear weapon. Melissa refuses to co-operate further and is murdered. Later, Colonel Bill Douglas (James O'Sullivan) of the base's flight control is informed of the triple murder at the Gordons' residence while a training exercise involving Eddie is under way. Eddie takes this opportunity to shoot down his fellow instructees. Ryan manages to alert the base and tries to lure Eddie into the firing range of the base's surface-to-air missiles (SAMs). Eddie however, destroys the SAMs, Ryan's plane, and the airbase runway. Eddie lands in Garrison, Utah to hide his jet in a deserted barn, but is accidentally discovered by a family on vacation, Richard (Michael Keys Hall) and Valerie (Michele Pawk) Dwyer and their baby. Before Valerie can raise the police on the CB radio, Eddie takes them hostage. While Eddie works on defeating the fail-safes on the tactical nuke, he is exposed to lethal radiation, and his health quickly deteriorates. The next day, he and Valerie leave for a hardware store in a nearby city to obtain tools. Valerie uses a traveler's check and writes their hostage location on the back, but the clerk (Scott Menville) does not notice. Valerie then persuades Eddie to go to a drug store to find a cure for his vomiting and nausea. She repeats the same practice; this time, the pharmacist (John D. Brancato) notices Valerie's notes on the check. Two police officers (George Fisher and Steven D. Simpson) arrive to investigate. Eddie kills one and engages the other in a firefight. Richard and Valerie try to flee with their baby; however, Eddie shoots the second officer, Richard and Valerie. Richard dies and Valerie is seriously wounded. Painstakingly, Valerie manages to collect her baby and crawl to the roadside, where she is picked up by a truck driver. Ryan is cross-checking police leads when the report of Valerie Dwyer comes in. She insists that she has seen Eddie working on a bomb. Just before a surgery, Ryan learns Eddie's target from Valerie: Las Vegas. Subsequently, Ryan convinces Douglas to concentrate on Las Vegas; he travels to Hill AFB to take an F-16 fighter plane to fly lead. An AWACS plane confirms what Valerie had said. It has been determined that although Eddie cannot launch the bomb, his jet fuel could detonate the bomb if he is fired upon. Ryan successfully talks Eddie into chasing him out into the desert by provoking Eddie into a duel to see if God made him \"the one\". After evading Eddie's last missile, Ryan orders the other pilots to clear away, and then fires on Eddie. Both pilots and 36 people on the ground are incinerated. A recovering Valerie receives sanitized TV news on the incident in her hospital bed with her baby in her arms. The report assert that the pilots were on a \"training mission\" in the area. The film was released on video in Japan on January 25, 1991, before being broadcast on Showtime on February 23, 1991. The DVD was first released in Finland on September 9, 2003. It was released under the title \"Flight of the Black Angel\" in some regions. Flight of Black Angel Flight of Black Angel is a 1991 TV (Showtime) aviation film directed by Jonathan Mostow, featuring William O'Leary and Peter Strauss. Captain Eddie Gordon, a top gun pilot of an Air Force academy, is a talented and aggressive pilot who"
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"Alma Elizabeth Gault Alma Elizabeth Gault (September 28, 1891 – July 12, 1981) was an American nurse administrator. Gault successfully advocated for African American nurses and their educational institutions to be integrated into professional nursing associations. Under her leadership, Meharry Medical College School of Nursing, in Nashville, Tennessee, was the first segregated black nursing school to attain membership in the American Association of Collegiate Schools of Nursing. For her achievement's Gault was inducted into the American Nurses Association Hall of Fame in 1984. Alma Elizabeth Gault was born in Fernwood, Ohio on September 28, 1891 to Dorison and Nancy (Stark) Gault. She graduated from Wells High School in Steuberville, Ohio in 1910. Gault was awarded a Ph. D from Wooster University in Wooster, Ohio in 1916 She attended a Vassar College training camp in 1918. Gault graduated from the Philadelphia General Hospital School of Nursing in 1920. Gault was the head nurse at Philadelphia General Hospital School of Nursing. Her writings about her experience is one of earliest articles on clinical nursing. From 1922 through 1925, Gault worked at Ohio State Department of Health in a Tuberculosis Clinic. She worked as Pediatric Clinic nurse at Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1926 to 1927. For ten years, 1927-1937, Gault worked at Cooke County School of Nursing in Chicago as the Associate Director and Instructor in Public Health Nursing. Beginning in 1938, Gault was the Director of Union Memorial Hospital School of Nursing in Baltimore, Maryland. She left Union Memorial to take the position of Director of Nursing Services at Memorial Hospital in Springfield, Illinois in 1943. In 1944, Gault accepted the position of dean at Meharry Medical College School of Nursing, a black school in Nashville, Tennessee. Gault developed a diploma program at Meharry that received accreditation, and later added an accredited baccalaureate program. Under her leadership, Meharry was the first segregated black nursing school to attain membership in the American Association of Collegiate Schools of Nursing. In 1953, Gault became associate professor School of Nursing at Vanderbilt University, Nashville. She was acting dean of the school from 1958–59, and dean from 1965-67. During Gault's tenor as dean, Bobbie Jean Perdue, the first African-American student, enrolled in the school. Other accomplishments at the school include securing a donation from the Helene Fuld Trust Fund to renovate the nursing building and to establish the Helene Fuld Instructional Media Center. Gault helped secure a grant from the Division of Nursing of the U.S. Public Health Service to trial a five-year undergraduate curriculum revision project with the intention to enrich the curriculum to better recruit and retain students. Nashville proclaimed Alma Gault Day in recognition of her achievements when Gault retired. Gault was inducted into the American Nurses Association Hall of Fame in 1984. The Tennessee Nurses Association annually recognizes one nurse with the Alma E. Gault Leadership Award. She died July 12, 1981 in Ohio. Alma Elizabeth Gault Alma Elizabeth Gault (September 28, 1891 – July 12, 1981) was an American nurse administrator. Gault"
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"David Porter McCorkle David Porter McCorkle was a Confederate Lieutenant in the American Civil War. He ran the Naval Ordnance Works at New Orleans which also served as a laboratory, principally manufacturing shot and shells, gun carriages for outfitting ships in the Confederate Navy. In March or April 1862, before the city's capture in the Battle of New Orleans, he removed the ordnance and laboratory stores to Atlanta. There, he established shops on lots leased from five different parties (leases to expire in May, 1864) and supplied a large number of projectiles until June 4, 1864 when General Joseph E. Johnston ordered him to remove to Augusta, Georgia. McCorkle wrote to his supervisor, Catesby ap Roger Jones, on June 8: I am moving the boilers and engines to-day. All the lathes, planes, steam hammer, etc., are already shipped, and, to crown all, they have given an order to move the hospitals, and I can not get cars enough to move. In November, he was still at work building a foundry and other temporary structures, but was not at that time actually producing ordnance. After the war, he joined the Peruvian Navy with John Tucker. Shortly after the end of the Civil War, Peru, which was at war with Spain, invited CSN Admiral J.R. Tucker to join their Navy as a Rear Admiral, bringing with him two staff officers. Tucker accepted and went to Peru with Captain David Porter McCorkle and Commander Walter Raleigh Butt. Following his resignation in 1871 from the Peruvian Navy, Tucker was appointed President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. This Commission, which included David P. McCorkle, explored and surveyed the Upper Amazon River and its tributaries, discovered two new rivers, the Trinidad and the Herrera-yacu. David Porter McCorkle David Porter McCorkle was a Confederate"
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"Guardian of Scotland The Guardians of Scotland were the \"de facto\" heads of state of Scotland during the First Interregnum of 1290–1292, and the Second Interregnum of 1296–1306. During the many years of minority in Scotland's subsequent history, there were many guardians of Scotland and the post was a significant constitutional feature in the course of development for politics in the country. In a letter (written in Old French) from the Scots Parliament of 1290, sitting at Birgham, confirming the Treaty of Salisbury, the guardians of Scotland are listed as: \"\"... Guillaume de Seint Andreu et Robert de Glasgu evesques, Johan Comyn et James Seneschal de Escoce, gardeins du reaume de Escoce...\"\" English translation: \"William [Fraser] of St Andrews and Robert [Wishart] of Glasgow bishops, John Comyn and James the Steward of Scotland, guardians of the kingdom of Scotland\". The Guardians during the minority and reign of David II were: Guardian of Scotland The Guardians of Scotland were the \"de facto\" heads of state of Scotland during the First Interregnum of 1290–1292, and the Second Interregnum of 1296–1306. During the many years of minority in Scotland's subsequent history, there were many guardians of Scotland and the post was a significant"
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"Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec The Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec, more commonly called the Legislative Council of Quebec (but not to be confused with the later institution with that same name), was an advisory body constituted by section XII of the \"Quebec Act\" of 1774. Together with the representative of the Crown (the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor or the temporary Administrator of the province), it acted, between 1774 and 1791, as the legislature of the old Province of Quebec. The Council had the \"Power and Authority to make Ordinances for the Peace, Welfare, and good Government, of the said Province, with the Consent of his Majesty's Governor, or, in his Absence, of the Lieutenant-governor, or Commander in Chief for the Time being.\", excepting the power to \"lay any Taxes or Duties within the said Province, such Rates and Taxes only excepted as the Inhabitants of any Town or District within the said Province may be authorized by the said Council to assess, levy, and apply, within the said Town or District. for the Purpose of making Roads, erecting and repairing publick Buildings, or for any other Purpose respecting the local Convenience and economy of such Town or District.\" Section VII of the \"Quebec Act\" opened the door of all provincial offices to Roman Catholic subjects. The section exempted Catholics from taking the Test Oath (the abjuration of the Catholic faith) and made them take an alternative oath of allegiance to the British Crown: Because of this special oath they were required to vow, Canadian Catholics, who formed the immense majority of the population in the province, were permitted to take a more direct part to the legislation of their native country. In practise however, Catholic Legislative Councillors remained a minority in the Council from its creation in 1774 to its abolition in 1791. Councillors numbered between at least seventeen and no more than twenty-three. In 1775, Colonial Secretary Lord Dartmouth instructed Governor General Guy Carleton to call in these individuals to fill in the Council: Some of these members had been sitting on the first Council of Quebec constituted by Governor General James Murray in 1764 to advise on all matters of State. About 12 years later, in May 1787, the Council's composition was: With the adoption of the \"Constitutional Act\" of 1791, the sections of the \"Quebec Act\" dealing with the Council, its composition and powers, were repealed. However, most of the members then sitting on the Council were called into the new Legislative Council of Lower Canada created by the said act. Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec The Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec, more commonly called the Legislative Council of Quebec (but not to be confused with the later institution with that same name), was an advisory body constituted by section XII of the \"Quebec Act\" of 1774. Together with the representative of the Crown (the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor or the temporary Administrator of"
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"Geology of Mauritania The geology of Mauritania is built on more than two billion year old Archean crystalline basement rock in the Reguibat Shield of the West African Craton, a section of ancient and stable continental crust. Mobile belts and the large Taoudeni Basin formed and filled with sediments in the connection with the Pan-African orogeny mountain building event 600 million years ago and a subsequent orogeny created the Mauritanide Belt. In the last 251 million years, Mauritania has accumulated additional sedimentary rocks during periods of marine transgression and sea level retreat. The arid country is 50% covered in sand dunes and has extensive mineral resources, although iron plays the most important role in the economy. The oldest rocks in Mauritania date to the Archean, over two billion years old in the Reguibat Shield of the West African Craton. The extremely old crystalline basement rock of the shield is almost entirely Neoarchean age and metamorphosed to hornblende or granulite grade in the metamorphic facies sequence. These Saouda Series rocks include gneiss, with different endmembers enriched in leptynite garnet, hypersthene and sillimanite garnet, as well as pyroxene amphibolite, magnetite quartzites and marble. The Saouda Series is intruded by younger basalts, anorthosite and gabbros along with serpentinite. Saouda Series rocks appear to be restite, the residual material left at a location after in situ granite production through intense metamorphism and are part of a larger group of anatectic and magmatic granites in the Rag el Abiod complex. In Mauritania, metamorphic and igneous crystalline basement rock is exposed as the Kenieba and Kayes inliers, sections of older rock surrounded by younger rock. They show signs of multiple phases of deformation and intrusion by tectonic and post-tectonic granites, dated at 2.05 billion years, lining up with the Eburnean orogeny. Geologists have found pebbles within microsyenites and microgranites , in a folded conglomerate, that form part of a metasedimentary unit, which may be the remnants of even older Archean rocks. In the Neoproterozoic, the Pan-African orogeny began to form mobile belts across Africa. The Taoudeni Basin in Mauritania, Mali, Algeria, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Senegal and Guinea-Bissau began to form as a foreland basin to the surrounding mobile belts—a process that continued into the Paleozoic. Also known as the Bove Basin further south, the Taoudeni Basin is a slightly dipping sag basin filled with two to three kilometers of clastic sedimentary rocks. The rocks are grouped into three sequences. Sequence 1 deposited in the Middle Neoproterozoic and includes sandstones and carbonates formed from stromatolites. Supergroup 2 also dates to the Neoproterozoic and contains dolomite rich in barite, basal tillite, marine chert and sandstones. The deposition of Supergroup 2 continued with the formation of sandstones containing brachiopod fossils, in the Cambrian and Ordovician, followed by Late Ordovician tillites, graptolite Silurian sandstones and shales, as well as Devonian shales with reef limestones. The Mauritanide Belt formed in an orogeny between 320 to 270 million years ago that is allochthonous, lying on top of the Reguibat Shield crystalline basement rocks and the sedimentary rocks of the Taoudeni Basin. The Mauritanide Belt was thrust on top of the Taoudeni Basin during the Hercynian orogeny, which also folded and fractured the edge of the basin. It is one of several West African fold belts along with the Bassarides and Rokelides. Mauritania is part of the Senegal Basin and its Mesozoic sedimentary sequence begins with Late Jurassic dolomites formed in a shallow marine environment. Offshore research has found Early Cretaceous detrital sediments lying atop Early Jurassic evaporites. The ocean receded in the region in the Maastrichtian near the end of the Cretaceous, followed by a large marine transgression in the early Cenozoic. The country's sedimentary rocks interfinger between continental sediments and silicate marine sediments in the west. Mauritania has two interconnected groundwater systems, the Continental Terminal coastal system and the interior Taoudeni Basin. Most groundwater flow happens in porous sedimentary rock, although some moves through fractured crystalline basement rock. The Continental Terminal system have very limited recharge, while the Taoudeni Basin has three main areas of recharge on the northwest edge of the shield, in tillites in the south and in the vicinity of Tidjikdja. Fresh groundwater discharges east into Mali and saltwater intrusions affect the coastal areas of Mauritania. Iron ore mining plays an important role in the economy of Mauritania. Banded iron formations with 64% iron hematite lenses were discovered at F'Derik-Segazou, Tazadit hills and Rouessa, close to the border with Western Sahara in the 1970s. Mining began 25 kilometers north of Zouerate, as part of the Guelb project in the mid-1980s. The site has itabirite with 37% iron. Dust storms and problems at the site's mill have limited production. A different Guelb project site 12 kilometers east of El Rhein became active in the early 1990s, extracting 64% iron ore. A Neoproterozoic carbonate unit, part of a synformal nappe overturned in the Paleozoic, now forms a major copper deposit 250 kilometers northeast of Nouakchott in the Mauritanides Belt. The one kilometer, 250 meter wide deposit spans the West and East Moghrein Guelb hills. Forty meters below the deposit is a secondary deposit of cuprite, azurite, malachite and tenorite, with an additional 2.25% copper, some gold and sulfide mineralization including cubanite, chalcopyrite, pyrrohitite and aresnopyrite. In the 2000s, mining at the site had mostly ceased except for gold mining in the tailings pile. Gypsum is extracted from the N'Drahamcha quarry, 50 kilometers northeast of Nouakchott, used to produce concrete blocks and plaster. Bofal and Loubboira in southern Mauritania have up 150 megatons of phosphate, at 20% concentration. Geology of Mauritania The geology of Mauritania is built on more than two billion year old Archean crystalline basement rock in the Reguibat Shield of the West African Craton, a section of ancient and stable continental crust. Mobile belts and the large Taoudeni Basin formed and filled with sediments in the connection with the Pan-African orogeny mountain building event 600 million years ago and a subsequent orogeny created the Mauritanide Belt. In the"
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"Józef Baka Józef Baka (Lithuanian: \"Juozapas Baka\") was a late Baroque poet, Jesuit priest and missionary. Born in March of either 1706 or 1707, probably in Nowogrodek, Baka is regarded as one of the most prominent poets of the 18th century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Little is known about early days of his life, furthermore, no portrait of Baka has been found so far. He was born into a wealthy family living in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and his father Adam Baka was a treasurer of the Mscislaw Voivodeship. Baka entered the Society of Jesus on July 16, 1723 and in 1735 he was ordained a priest, five years later becoming a monk. He studied at the Vilna Academy, but little is known about his curriculum. It has only been established that Baka passed a theology exam on May 7, 1736. Also, in late 1730s, he lectured rhetorics at the Academy. Some time in late 1730s or early 1740s, Baka left Vilna for the town of Kraslaw (now Latvia, then Inflanty Voivodeship). There, he worked as a priest and a missionary, in the Jesuit office \"Missio Plateriana\". It was most likely in Kraslaw that he wrote his first works. Later on, Baka moved to the village of Blonie (also Livonia), where he opened his own office, which he called \"Missio Bakana\". He often traveled across the area, trying to be in touch with local population. Baka spent final years of his life in Vilna, where he moved for unknown reasons. Since 1756 or 1768, he lived in so-called House of Professors near Jesuit Church of Saint Casimirius. He was very active, sometimes visiting other places, such as Nowogrodek. His sermons were very popular, and in 1773 he was named Doctor of Theology by the Vilna Academy. He died unexpectedly on June 2, 1780 in Warsaw. It is unknown why he visited the capital of the Commonwealth, according to available sources, he had never left the Grand Duchy of Lithuania before. His death was mentioned by local daily Gazeta Warszawska. Baka was buried in Warsaw, in a Jesuit church on Świętojańska Street. Józef Baka Józef Baka (Lithuanian: \"Juozapas Baka\") was a late Baroque poet, Jesuit priest and missionary. Born in March of either 1706 or 1707, probably in Nowogrodek, Baka is regarded as one of the most prominent poets of the 18th century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Little is known about early days of"
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"Eustace Tickell Major General Sir Eustace Francis Tickell KBE CB MC (1896–1972) was a senior British Army officer during the Second World War. Born on 10 December 1893 in Srinagar Kashmir, Eustace Tickell was educated at Bedford School and at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He received his first commission in the Royal Engineers in 1913 and served in France, Greece and Palestine during the First World War. He served in Northern China in 1928. During the Second World War he served in the Middle East, between 1939 and 1944, and was Engineer-in-Chief at the War Office, between 1944 and 1948. His father, Charles Tickell, was a Civil Engineer who worked for the Maharajah of Kashmir (1892 -1894). The father of Major General Marston Tickell, Major General Sir Eustace Tickell was invested as a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1942, and as a Knight Companion of the Order of the British Empire in 1945. He retired from the British Army in 1949 and died on 28 December 1972. Eustace Tickell Major General Sir Eustace Francis Tickell KBE CB MC (1896–1972) was a senior British Army officer during the Second World War. Born on 10 December 1893 in"
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"Flying Dagger Flying Dagger is a 1993 \"wuxia\" comedy film directed by Kevin Chu and written and produced by Wong Jing. The film features a large cast of stars and parodies numerous Hong Kong films. The Hon [Dagger] Brothers, Chung and Lam, who are in fact uncle and nephew, are rival bounty hunters to the Fung [Bewitchment] Sisters, and take glee in thwarting each other because Chung refused to marry Lady Fung. Fung Ling and Lam are also in love, but do not acknowledge it. Emperor Tsao hires the Hons to capture the Nine-Tails Fox, whom he claims has made a major robbery of his household, including the rape and murder of his daughter and the murder of 41 servants. The Hons are distracted when they find the Fungs captured by Never Die and his brothers, who in spite of decapitation and loss of a hand, proceed to chase the Hons (the severed hand grabbing at one of them) to the lair of Nine-Tails Fox, who has recently caused his wife, the apsara known as Flying Cat to walk out on him. The group discovers that Never Die is allergic to glib talk, and begin speaking to each other glibly. Chung, too embarrassed to speak to Lady Fung in that way, instead speak to Nine-Tails Fox, the two pulling off each other shirts, and trap Never Die, where he soon dissolves. The four bounty hunters and Never Die's hand escorts Nine-Tails Fox away. Flying Cat returns to find drawn images of what has gone on previously, including what she interprets as her husband's homosexual behavior, and chastises the old man who sends the drawings out through a slot for not intervening, which he says is not his place. Nine-Tails Fox, who proudly admits to being a thief but insists he never hurts anyone, escapes from the bounty hunters to the inn of Pang Tin-hong, where he becomes involved with numerous courtesans. The bounty hunters follow him, but not before Flying Cat catches up with him. Still other bounty hunters, including the burly Western Ace, a gay man who sings 1980s American pop tunes, and a transsexual who delivers poisoned kisses, arrive at the inn. Because the Hons and Fungs pay well and are supported by the police, Pang sides with them against the new bounty hunters, claiming that he and his wife are Leslie Cheung and Anita Mui. The transsexual kisses Chung, causing him to turn green and infect him with poison. After the other bounty hunters are defeated, Pang sends Lam and Ling outside, insisting that they are under eighteen, although both claim to be eighteen, in order to explain that the cure for the poison is to have sex nine times, then eat the strange fetus that will be born three days later. Chung tries to take Lady Fung to bed, but inadvertently passes the disease to Pang, whose wife and he fight a lot and never want it at the same time. While Ling and Lam are outside, Never Die's hand grabs Ling's shoulder, and she thinks it is Lam's and rests her head on his shoulder. Thus distracted, Tsao captures the two of them, and the thieves and the bounty hunters team up against their common enemy and rescue the young ones. At the end of the film, Lady Fung gives birth to the strange fetus, and the Hons, Fungs, Fox, Cat, and Pang seemingly forgetting about the idea that it is to be eaten and ready and excited to receive it as if a normal birth, are horrified to see that the baby is in fact Never Die. The stock music score is created by Chan Daai-lik and Foo Laap. Among the sources of the music are \"The Attack\" from \"Quigley Down Under\" by Basil Poledouris as the theme for the Hon Brothers, the main theme from \"A Fish Called Wanda\" by John Du Prez as the theme for the Fung sisters, as well as music from Jay Chattaway's \"Maniac\", Alan Silvestri's \"Death Becomes Her\", and David Newman's \"Heathers\", among others. Flying Dagger Flying Dagger is a 1993 \"wuxia\" comedy film directed by Kevin Chu and written and produced by Wong Jing. The film features"
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"retrieved": [
"Geoffrey Bles David Geoffrey Bles (1886–1957) was a British publisher, with a reputation for spotting new talent. He started his eponymous publishing firm in London in 1923 and published the first five books of C.S. Lewis' \"Narnia\" series. Bles read Greats at Merton College, Oxford, followed by entry to the Indian Civil Service. During the First World War he was commissioned into the Indian Army Reserve of Officers in October 1917 and was attached to the 17th Cavalry, Indian Army, in November 1917. He served in the Political Department in Mesopotamia in 1918 before demobilization in June 1919 and returning to the Indian Civil Service. On 3 January 1920, he married Evelyn Constance Halse. Bles entered publishing in 1923. Geoffrey Bles Limited were general publishers, but with a specialism in religion and translated works. Among the authors Bles published were C.S. Lewis, J.B. Phillips, Cecil Street, Mabel Lethbridge, Halliday Sutherland, Vicki Baum, and Maria von Trapp. Baum's \"Grand Hotel\" (1930), originally published in German, was a huge commercial success for Bles. Bles was introduced to C.S. Lewis through his employee Ashley Sampson (1900–1947) who owned the Centenary Press. Bles bought that company and merged it with his own, thus acquiring Lewis as an author. Lewis's key religious work, \"The Problem of Pain\", was published jointly by Bles and Centenary Press in 1940, as were his \"Beyond Personality: The Christian Idea of God\" (1944) and \"The Great Divorce: A Dream\" (1945). Bles published on his own Lewis' \"The Screwtape Letters\" (1942), \"The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe\" (1950), and the next four in the Narnia series up to \"The Horse and his Boy\" (1954). For the last two books in the series Lewis moved to Bodley Head. William Collins publishers bought the firm of Geoffrey Bles in 1953, and Bles retired within a year or two. Books continued to be published under the Bles imprint into the 1970s. The Garnstone Press purchased the Geoffrey Bles name from Collins in 1971. Following his death, correspondents commented in \"The Times\" on his personal suitability to the genteel world of literary publishing. Bles was a member of the board of Charing Cross Hospital for many years. His great nephew is the writer William Mortimer Moore whose \"Free France's Lion: The Life of Philippe Leclerc, de Gaulle's Greatest General\" was published in 2011 and is dedicated to Bles. Geoffrey Bles David Geoffrey Bles (1886–1957)"
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