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"Augustaion The Augustaion () or, in Latin, Augustaeum, was an important ceremonial square in ancient and medieval Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey), roughly corresponding to the modern \"Aya Sofya Meydanı\" (Turkish, \"Hagia Sophia Square\"). Originating as a public market, in the 6th century it was transformed into a closed courtyard surrounded by porticoes, and provided the linking space between some of the most important edifices in the Byzantine capital. The square survived until the late Byzantine period, albeit in ruins, and traces were still visible in the early 16th century. The square dates back to ancient Byzantium, before its conversion into an imperial capital by Constantine the Great. When Roman Emperor Septimius Severus (r. 193–211) rebuilt the city, he erected a large square surrounded by porticoes, hence named the \"Tetrastoon\" (\"four stoas\"). In the center of the square stood a column with a statue of the god Helios. In the 320s, Constantine adorned his chosen new capital with many new monumental buildings. His activities included new structures around the \"Tetrastoon\", while the \"Augustaion\" was likely carved out of its eastern part at that time, and named after a Porphyry column supporting a statue of his mother, the \"Augusta\" Helena. The \"Augustaion\" was rebuilt in 459 under Emperor Leo I (r. 457–474), and again in the 530s, after being destroyed in the Nika riot, by Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565). In its original form, the square was open to the public and functioned as the city's food market (\"agora\"), but after Justinian's reconstruction, it became more of an enclosed courtyard where access was restricted. Byzantine writers from the 7th century on refer to it as explicitly as a court or forecourt () of the Hagia Sophia. Justinian's \"Augustaion\" survived mostly unchanged through the subsequent centuries. In the late 13th century, following the recovery of the city from the Latin Empire, the square and its adjacent buildings seem to have been the property of the Hagia Sophia. By the early 15th century however, the Italian traveller Cristoforo Buondelmonti reported that the square lay in ruins, and by the time of Pierre Gilles' sojourn in the 1540s, only the fragments of seven columns remained. The \"Augustaion\" lay in the eastern part of Constantinople, which in the early and middle Byzantine periods constituted the administrative, religious and ceremonial center of the city. The square was a rectangular open space, enclosed within a colonnaded porticoes (\"peristylos\"), probably first added in the 459 rebuilding and restored by Justinian. Its exact dimensions are impossible to determine nowadays; Rodolphe Guilland suggested that it had a rectangular shape 85 m long and 60–65 m wide. Enclosed on all sides, the \"Augustaion\" was entered in its western and southern side, respectively through the Melete and Pinsos Gates, from the \"Mesē\", the city's main thoroughfare. Directly outside the square stood the \"Milion\", the mile marker from which all distances in the Empire were measured. To its north, the \"Augustaion\" was bounded by the Hagia Sophia cathedral and the Patriarchal palace (\"Patriarcheion\"), to its east by one of the two Senate houses of the city, built by Constantine or Julian (r. 360–363) and rebuilt by Justinian with a porch of six great columns adorning its front. Next to the Senate, at the southeastern corner stood the monumental \"Chalkē\" Gate, the entrance to the imperial palace precinct, while to the southwest stood the great Baths of Zeuxippus and the northern end of the Hippodrome. In the 7th century, probably under Patriarch Thomas I (r. 607–610) a big three-aisled basilica called the \"Thōmaitēs\" (Θωμαΐτης) was erected on the southeastern side of the square. It was a reception hall associated with the patriarchal residence, containing also the Patriarchate's library, and survived until the 16th century. The square itself was paved with marble, as discovered in excavations, and featured a number of statues, aside from the already-mentioned statue of the \"Augusta\" Helena. The 8th to 9th-century \"Parastaseis syntomoi chronikai\" record a statue of Constantine himself, standing on a column and flanked by statues of his three sons, Constantine II (r. 337–340), Constans (r. 337–350) and Constantius II (r. 337–361), to which were later added statues of Licinius (r. 308–324) and of Julian. In the reign of Theodosius the Great (r. 379–395), the ensemble was replaced by a silver equestrian statue of the emperor, standing on a column, and again flanked at ground level by statues of his sons, Arcadius (r. 395–408) and Honorius (r. 395–423). A bronze statue of Aelia Eudoxia on a column also stood on the square. The noise and pagan rituals that accompanied the statue's inauguration were criticized by Patriarch John Chrysostom, provoking the Empress' ire and his subsequent deposition and exile. The statue's base was discovered in 1848 and is now located in the garden of the Hagia Sophia. Following Justinian's rebuilding, the square's main feature was a tall column erected in 543 in the western end of the square to commemorate his victories. It was topped by an equestrian statue of Justinian himself, reusing parts of Theodosius' statue, and was complemented by a group of three barbarian kings kneeling before it and offering tribute. It survived until the 16th century, when it was demolished by the Ottomans. Augustaion The Augustaion () or, in Latin, Augustaeum, was an important ceremonial square in ancient and medieval Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey), roughly corresponding to the modern \"Aya Sofya Meydanı\" (Turkish, \"Hagia Sophia Square\"). Originating as"
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"Droop speed control In electrical power generation, droop speed control is a speed control mode of a prime mover driving a synchronous generator connected to an electrical grid. This mode allows synchronous generators to run in parallel, so that loads are shared among generators in proportion to their power rating. The frequency of a synchronous generator is given by where The frequency (F) of a synchronous generator is directly proportional to its speed (N). When multiple synchronous generators are connected in parallel to electrical grid, the frequency is fixed by the grid, since individual power output of each generator will be small compared to the load on a large grid. Synchronous generators connected to the grid run at various speeds but they all run at the same frequency because they differ in the number of poles (P). A speed reference as percentage of actual speed is set in this mode. As the generator is loaded from no load to full load, the actual speed of the prime mover tends to decrease. In order to increase the power output in this mode, the prime mover speed reference is increased. Because the actual prime mover speed is fixed by the grid, this difference in speed reference and actual speed of the prime mover is used to increase the flow of working fluid (fuel, steam, etc.) to the prime mover, and hence power output is increased. The reverse will be true for decreasing power output. The prime mover speed reference is always greater than actual speed of the prime mover. The actual speed of the prime mover is allowed to \"droop\" or decrease with respect to the reference, and so the name. For example, if the turbine is rated at 3000 rpm, and the machine speed reduces from 3000 rpm to 2880 rpm when it is loaded from no load to base load, then the droop % is given by In this case, speed reference will be 104% and actual speed will be 100%. For every 1% change in the turbine speed reference, the power output of the turbine will change by 25% of rated for a unit with a 4% droop setting. Droop is therefore expressed as the percentage change in (design) speed required for 100% governor action. As frequency is fixed on the grid, and so actual turbine speed is also fixed, the increase in turbine speed reference will increase the error between reference and actual speed. As the difference increases, fuel flow is increased to increase power output, and vice versa. This type of control is referred to as \"straight proportional\" control. If the entire grid tends to be overloaded, the grid frequency and hence actual speed of generator will decrease. All units will see an increase in the speed error, and so increase fuel flow to their prime movers and power output. In this way droop speed control mode also helps to hold a stable grid frequency. The amount of power produced is strictly proportional to the error between the actual turbine speed and speed reference. It can be mathematically shown that if all machines synchronized to a system have the same droop speed control, they will share load proportionate to the machine ratings. For example, how fuel flow is increased or decreased in a GE-design heavy duty gas turbine can be given by the formula, FSRN = (FSKRN2 * (TNR-TNH)) + FSKRN1 Where, FSRN = Fuel Stroke Reference (Fuel supplied to Gas Turbine) for droop mode TNR = Turbine Speed Reference TNH = Actual Turbine Speed FSKRN2 = Constant FSKRN1 = Constant As frequency is fixed on the grid, and so actual turbine speed is also fixed, the increase in turbine speed reference will increase the error between reference and actual speed. As the difference increases, fuel flow is increased to increase power output, and vice versa. This type of control is referred to as \"straight proportional\" control. If the entire grid tends to be overloaded, the grid frequency and hence actual speed of generator will decrease. All units will see an increase in the speed error, and so increase fuel flow to their prime movers and power output. In this way droop speed control mode also helps to hold a stable grid frequency. The amount of power produced is strictly proportional to the error between the actual turbine speed and speed reference. The above formula is nothing but the equation of a straight line (y = mx + b). Multiple synchronous generators having equal % droop setting connected to a grid will share the change in grid load in proportion of their base load. For stable operation of the electrical grid of North America, power plants typically operate with a four or five percent speed droop. By definition, with 5% droop the full-load speed is 100% and the no-load speed is 105%. Normally the changes in speed are minor due to inertia of the total rotating mass of all generators and motors running on the grid. Adjustments in power output for a particular primer mover and generator combination are made by slowly raising the droop curve by increasing the spring pressure on a centrifugal governor or by an engine control unit adjustment, or the analogous operation for an electronic speed governor. All units to be connected to a grid should have the same droop setting, so that all plants respond in the same way to the instantaneous changes in frequency without depending on outside communication. Next to the inertia given by the parallel operation of synchronous generators, the frequency speed droop is the primary instantaneous parameter in control of an individual power plant's power output (kW). Droop speed control In electrical power generation, droop speed control is a speed control mode of a prime mover driving a synchronous generator connected to an electrical grid. This mode allows synchronous generators to run in parallel, so that loads are shared among generators in proportion to their power rating. The frequency of a synchronous generator is given by where The"
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"Shituf \"Shituf\" is first mentioned in the commentary of Tosafot on the Babylonian Talmud, in a passage concluding with a lenient ruling regarding non-Jews. Later authorities are divided between those who view Tosfot as permitting non-Jews to swear by the name of God even if they associate other deities with that name, and those who view Tosfot as permitting non-Jews to actually worship such deities. Though \"shituf\" is primarily used as a means of determining how to relate to Christians, it is applied to other religions as well. It is frequently used as a reason to justify interfaith dialogue with Christians. Jewish views, as codified in Jewish law, are split between those who see Christianity as outright idolatry and those who see Christianity as \"shituf\". While Christians view their worship of a trinity as monotheistic, Judaism generally rejects this view. The Talmud warns against causing an idolater to take oaths. The commentators living in Christian Germany in the 12th century, called Tosafists, permitted Jews to bring a Christian partner to court in partnership during a breakup even though the Christian would take an oath by God, which to Christians would include Jesus, by saying that so long as another deity is not mentioned explicitly, there is no forbidden oath taking place, but only an association. Although all of the Tosafists agreed that partnerships that may lead to such an oath may not be entered into originally, they disagree as to once such a partnership exists whether or not one may go to court in order to not to lose his portion of the partnership and even though such an oath is a side-effect. In a terse comment, they wrote: It is permissible to [cause a gentile's oath through litigation with one's non-Jewish partner because] today all swear in the name of the saints to whom no divinity is ascribed. Even though they also mention God's name and have in mind another thing, in any event no idolatrous name is actually said, and they also have the Creator of the world in mind. Even though they associate (\"shituf\") God's name with \"something else\", we do not find that it is forbidden to cause others to associate (\"shituf\"), and there is no issue of placing a stumbling block before the blind (see Leviticus ) [by entering into litigation with the non-Jewish business partner, thereby causing him to take an oath] because Noachides were not warned about it. In the 16th Century, the terse comment is explained as follows by Moses Isserles, where it is seemingly expanded to allowing partnerships in the first place: Moses Mendelssohn, the 18th century Jewish Enlightenment thinker, used the concept of \"shituf\" as cited in Tosafot to justify any form of association of God with another entity. [However,] the nations of the world though they recognize the entity of God ... they nevertheless worship another entity besides Him. A few worship the angels above believing that God apportioned to each one of them a nation or country ... to rule, and they have the power to do good or bad as they please. And these are called \"other gods\" in the Torah... And a few [of the nations of the world] worship the stars in the sky ... or people ... and bow down to them, as is known. And the judgment of the intellect does not require to forbid such worship to a Son of Noah if he does not intend to remove himself from the realm of God because by what [obligation] must he offer service and prayer to God alone? And if he hopes for good and fears bad from an entity besides Him and acknowledges that also that entity is subject to God, it is not beyond the intellect for him to offer sacrifices, incense, and libation and to pray to this entity be it an angel, demon, or person... And who would say to us [Jews] that such offerings are appropriate for God only had He not warned us against [offering to other gods] in His Torah. Some contemporary Orthodox commentators have stated the allowance for \"shituf\" extends only to belief in multiple or complex deity, but not to worship of such a thing: One contemporary view of Shituf holds that in Judaism there is allowance for Gentile belief that there are other gods besides the Creator, but forbidding actual worship of them: So long as ascribing power to a deity other than the Creator remains conceptual, it is permissible to the Children of Noah according to many authorities. But worship of this independent being is clearly idolatry. However, other 20th century explanations differ. Rabbi Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz (the Chazon Ish) wrote that Jewish law considers Christianity to be idolatry, and that the entire concept of \"shituf\" in Jewish law was only an \"ad hoc\" permission applying solely to oaths in court. This position was explained by Orthodox historian of halakha Rabbi David Berger, as follows: Even medieval Jews understood very well that Christianity is \"avodah zarah\" of a special type. The tosafists assert that although a Christian pronouncing the name of Jesus in an oath would be taking the name of \"another god,\" it is nonetheless the case that when Christians say the word \"God,\" they have in mind the creator of heaven and earth. Some later authorities took the continuation of that \"Tosafot\" to mean that this special type of avodah zarah is forbidden to Jews but permissible to gentiles, so that a non-Jew who engages in Christian worship commits no sin. Still other Orthodox historians have stated that \"shituf\" may not be forbidden to non-Jews, but present this more softly. Rabbi Walter Wurzburger wrote: With all our appreciation of Christianity as an avenue to God available to the non-Jewish world, we must not gloss over the fact that the Trinitarian faith still falls short of our universal religious ideals. While the belief in the Trinity - classified by the Halakhah as Shituph - may not be regarded as downright prohibited to the non-Jew, we still cannot recommend it as the ideal way in which the non-Jew should relate himself to God.\" Conservative Rabbi Louis Jacobs took a more conciliatory approach: Christian thinkers frequently assert that Jewish polemics against trinitarianism are based on an inadequate understanding of what the doctrine really means. It is no doubt true that crude attacks on Christianity as tritheism are unfounded (tritheism is, in fact, heresy from the Christian point of view) and there are subtleties in the doctrine which Christians have tried to uncover. But the fact remains that all Jewish thinkers have rejected trinitarianism as Judaism understands it. Shituf \"Shituf\" is first mentioned in the commentary of Tosafot on the Babylonian Talmud, in a passage concluding with a lenient ruling regarding non-Jews. Later authorities are divided between those who view Tosfot as permitting non-Jews to swear by the name of God even if they associate other deities with that name, and those who view Tosfot as permitting non-Jews to actually worship such deities. Though \"shituf\" is primarily used as a means of determining how to relate to Christians, it is applied to other religions as well. It is frequently used as a reason to"
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"World Wide Views on Global Warming World Wide Views on Global Warming: A global project initiated by The Danish Board of Technology on the occasion of the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP15) held in Copenhagen December 2009. World Wide Views on Global Warming (or just WWViews) was an international citizens involvement project based on methods developed by The Danish Board of Technology for the purpose of involving citizens in the political decision-making processes. The World Wide Views project meetings were carried through on September 26, 2009 simultaneously in all the participating countries and on this day the citizens debated the same topics issued at the actual December 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference. On the basis of an informed and structured dialogue and expert presentations the citizens – 100 in each country – made up their minds about a range of questions and dilemmas concerning different aspects of the climate debate. The results were uploaded throughout the day and are publicly available on the projects website (se link below). Some answers are quantifiable, permitting statistical comparison, but contrary to regular surveys the methods used for WWViews also gave the participants the option of discussing questions externally and further qualifying the answers. World Wide Views on Global Warming gave citizens across the globe the possibility of influencing political decisions in regard to Earth’s climate, because the meetings presented citizens with the opportunity to express how far they were willing to let politicians go in the struggle to reduce CO emission. More than 4000 citizens, representing 38 countries across the world joined the World Wide Views on Global Warming. Leading up to the Convention on Biological Diversity Conference of the Parties (COP 11) meeting on biodiversity in India 2012, 34 citizen meetings in 25 countries across the world was held on September 15, 2012, involving 42 old and new partners and building on the experiences from the World Wide View on Global Warming as part of the newest World Wide Views project, World Wide Views on Biodiversity. Learn more about the project on the official homepage. World Wide Views on Global Warming World Wide Views on Global Warming: A global project initiated by The Danish Board of Technology on the occasion of the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP15) held in Copenhagen December 2009. World Wide Views on Global Warming (or just WWViews) was an international citizens involvement project based on"
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"Marc Postman Marc Postman is an American astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. His research interests include observational studies of the formation and evolution of galaxies and large scale structure in the universe. His work focuses on determining, observationally, the relationships between galaxy-scale phenomena and the surrounding large-scale environment and matter distribution. Postman received the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA)’s Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award in 1993 and again in 2013. Marc Postman served on several science working groups exploring the capabilities of future large optical / near infrared telescopes on the ground and in space. He is the Principal Investigator for a NASA Strategic Mission Concept Study called the Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope, a possible successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. He was a member of the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys investigation team and project scientist for the STScI Digitized Sky Survey program. He has also served on the Council of the American Astronomical Society and on the Committee for the Status of Women in Astronomy. Postman is also the Principal Investigator of the HST multi-cycle treasury program Cluster Lensing and Supernova survey with Hubble, a study of dark matter in clusters of galaxies. Postman attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an undergraduate from 1978 to 1981, receiving a S.B. in Physics in 1981. He then went on to obtain his Ph.D. in Astronomy at Harvard University, working with Dr. Margaret Geller. After receiving his Ph.D. in 1986, he was a postdoctoral fellow working with Prof. James E. Gunn in Princeton University’s Department of Astronomy. In 1989, he joined the scientific research staff at the Space Telescope Science Institute. Marc Postman is the son of educator, author and cultural critic, Neil Postman. Marc Postman Marc Postman"
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"Green National Committee The Green National Committee is the central governing body of the Green Party of the United States. The GNC is composed of delegates from each of the affiliated state party organizations and from recognized caucuses. The GNC oversees all national party functions and elects a steering committee to oversee day-to-day operations. The steering committee is composed of seven co-chairs, acting as a collective executive, together with the secretary and treasurer. They are elected by the delegates who serve on the Green National Committee. The following are current and former officers of Green Party US. 2016 - 2018 2017 - 2019 2016 - 2018 2015 - 2017 The GNC has several standing committees: Green National Committee The Green National Committee is the central governing body of the Green Party of the United States. The GNC is composed of delegates from each of the affiliated state party organizations and from recognized caucuses. The GNC oversees all national party functions and elects a steering committee to oversee day-to-day operations. The steering committee is composed of seven co-chairs, acting as a collective executive, together with the secretary and treasurer. They are elected by the delegates who serve on the Green National"
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"Vauvert Vauvert is a commune in the far south of the Gard department in southern France. It was known as \"Posquières\" in the Middle Ages. The commune comprises the town of Vauvert and the villages of Gallician and Montcalm. Over a third of the population work in industry, which is largely the food industry, especially wine production. The original settlement was called Posquières and was first mentioned in a document of 810. Since then the town has increased in importance and has had a rich history. At its heyday in the mid-nineteenth century it had a population of 6,000 but this decreased by a third after disease struck the grape crop, the mainstay of the economy of the area. Today, the population has grown again to over 11,000. Leimistin Broussan, opera manager, was born in Vauvert on 3 November 1858. Vauvert is first mentioned as the fief of Posquières (meaning \"place of wells\") when it was donated by Raymond Raphiel to Saint-Thibéry Abbey in 810. In the Middle Ages, a little village grew up around the frequently besieged castle on top of the Motte-Foussat, now known as Castellas. The Christians and the Jews created two separate communities in the village. In the 12th century, the rabbinical school was an important centre of Jewish teaching, recognized across Europe thanks to the contributions of Abraham ben David and Isaac the Blind. From the 13th century, the Christian sanctuary Notre-Dame du Val-Vert, just outside the village, gained increasing importance when it was visited by Louis IX, Charles IX, Francis I and Pope Clement V. As a result, in the 14th century the name of the village was changed to Vauvert. In 1540, the sanctuary was destroyed by the Protestants. The town was considered strategically important by Montmorency in his campaign of 1627 during the reign of Louis XII. After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, the Protestant church, Temple Vielh, was destroyed in 1685 and the Catholic church was rebuilt and consecrated in 1689. From the Middle Ages, the inhabitants of Posquières-Vauvert enjoyed special rights to hunting, fishing, grazing and agriculture which had been granted by the barons. They are all listed in a document from 1299. Over the centuries, the hills known as \"Costière\" were increasingly acquired by the villagers from the barons, especially after the French Revolution. There they developed vineyards and wineries which became the major source of income during the Second Empire in the mid-18th century, resulting in an increase in population to some 6,000. The prosperity was however short-lived as the vines suffered when phylloxera hit the region at the beginning of the 19th century. The population was reduced to around 4,000 and did not start to grow again until the 1950s when people were attracted by new opportunities in livestock rearing, vineyards and the food processing industry. Vauvert occupies about and is one of the largest municipalities in the Camargue. It extends for about in a north-south direction and in an east-west direction. The northern half is generally dry while the southern half is marshy. Located in the flatlands of La Petite Camargue in Languedoc-Rousillon, Vauvert is some southwest of Nîmes, west of Arles and east of Montpellier. It is easily accessible by the Autoroute A9 or by rail on the line from Nîmes to Le Grau-du-Roi. The Mediterranean beaches to the southwest can be reached in about half an hour. Vauvert is typical of the historic towns in the area. To the north it is bordered by vineyards, pine forests and orchards, and to the south by further vineyards, rice fields, ponds and marshes. The town itself consists of a 17th-century Catholic church, a belfry, and narrow streets with houses mainly from the 18th and 19th centuries. The economy of the area is based on the production of wine with several vineyards in the vicinity, and the town also has an industrial zone. A new enterprise which has opened in 2013 is a community garage supported by the social services. It is specially designed to help those receiving social support who are unable to pay the high rates normally charged for repairs. In addition to savings of up to 40% on parts, customers can reduce costs by handling some of the repair work themselves. They are also able to pay bills in several more manageable instalments. Vauvert has a number of historic landmarks. The Panapée Gate formed part of the town's medieval fortifications but is now crowned by the clock tower and belfry which were restored in 1849. The Protestant church \"Le Grand Temple\" (1811) was designed by Charles Durand in the Neoclassical style to satisfy the needs of the local Protestant community which represented three-quarters of the population. It is now a listed monument. Notre Dame Church, which has a history going back to 810 when a sanctuary became one of the oldest stone-built places of worship in the Diocese of Nîmes. It was destroyed in the 16th century but today's 17th-century church commemorates its history with a stained-glass window showing Louis IX praying before the statue of Notre Dame. The town hall reflects the prosperity the town enjoyed as a result of its successful wineries. It was completed in 1859. The Jean Brunel Arena is Vauvert's fourth bullring. With seating for 3,300, it was inaugurated in 2004. It is the centre of the town's traditional festivities especially around the Ascension weekend. Vauvert Vauvert"
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"LewisGale Hospital Montgomery LewisGale Hospital Montgomery, formerly Montgomery Regional Hospital (MRH), is a hospital in the town of Blacksburg, in Montgomery County, Virginia. The hospital is a subsidiary of Hospital Corporation of America. LewisGale Hospital Montgomery, opened in 1971, is a 146-bed general acute-care facility certified as a level III trauma center. The facility replaced Altamont Hospital, which was opened in 1910 in neighboring Christiansburg as a privately-owned hospital with 12 beds. The hospital was expanded to 20 beds in 1923 by its founder, Dr. A. M. Showalter. In 1967, the hospital was reorganized into a community hospital and was renamed for its founder as the A.M. Showalter Memorial Hospital. In 1969, pursuant to the efforts of the Showalter administrator, James Sublett, Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) provided financing for construction of the current facility. After several name changes and transfers of ownership, the facility was renamed LewisGale Hospital Montgomery in 2010, as part of HCA's LewisGale Regional Health System. On August 20, 2006, William Morva shot and killed Derrick McFarland, a security guard in the emergency department at Montgomery Regional Hospital (MRH). Morva had been in jail awaiting trial on an attempted robbery charge, but was taken to MRH after sustaining a sprained ankle and wrist while in jail. After using the restroom, he attacked the security guard and a Montgomery County Sheriff's deputy. Morva escaped the emergency department, but was captured the next day. While escaping capture, he shot and killed Montgomery County sheriff's Cpl. Eric Sutphin on the morning of August 21. The hospital received several patients that were wounded in the Virginia Tech shooting on April 16, 2007. LewisGale Hospital Montgomery LewisGale Hospital Montgomery, formerly Montgomery Regional Hospital (MRH), is a hospital in the town of Blacksburg, in Montgomery County, Virginia. The hospital is a subsidiary"
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"Juan Manuel Montero Vázquez Juan Manuel Montero Vázquez (29 December 1947 – 21 May 2012) was a Spanish military who held the rank of a General de División Médico and served as the surgeon general of the Spanish armed medical service, called the Inspector General de Sanidad de la Defensa. Montero was born in Palencia. He joined the army in the rank of a Teniente (MC) in 1972 and held several assignments at the Gómez Ulla Military Hospital. In May 2012, while participating a special NATO medical officials conference in Tel Aviv, Israel, Montero Vázquez died suddenly of heart failure. He was 64. Juan Manuel Montero Vázquez Juan Manuel Montero Vázquez (29 December 1947 – 21 May 2012) was a Spanish military who held the rank of a General de División Médico and served as the surgeon general of the Spanish armed medical service, called the Inspector General de Sanidad de la Defensa. Montero was born in Palencia. He joined the army in the rank of a Teniente (MC) in 1972 and held several assignments at the Gómez Ulla Military Hospital. In May 2012, while participating a special NATO medical officials conference in Tel Aviv, Israel, Montero Vázquez died suddenly"
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"Highwayman's hitch The draw hitch is a quick-release draw loop knot used for temporarily securing a load that will need to be released easily and cleanly. The hitch can be untied with a tug of the working end, even when under tension. The highwayman's hitch can be tied in the middle of a rope, and so the working end does not need to be passed around the anchor when tying or releasing. The hitch was called the highwayman's cutaway in 1947 by Cyrus L. Day. He related that, according to Hal McKail, the knot was attributable to the notorious 18th-century English highwayman Dick Turpin. Day's book, however, suggested it for use as a quick-release mooring hitch for solo sailing. While the knot is alleged to have actually been used by highwaymen, this claim is rejected by knot expert Geoffrey Budworth, who stated, \"there is no evidence to substantiate the reputation of the highwayman's hitch as a quick-getaway-knot for robbers on horseback.\" The knot is three bights that each successively lock the previous one: The locking actions are achieved by reaching through each bight to pull the next one through. The knot has to be finished by pulling the standing part tight to ensure that it holds. Until the knot is tightened and properly dressed, the highwayman's hitch has little holding power. The highwayman's hitch is susceptible to capsizing when the hitched object is substantially larger than the rope diameter. The failure occurs because the second bight sees the force of the standing part, but is held in place by the working part, which has no tension. When capsizing, tension on the standing part pulls the second bight through the first bight. This drags the slip-tuck through, and will release the hitch if the third bight isn't long enough. Alternatives to the highwayman's hitch have been devised to mitigate collapse when tied around large objects. One simple improvement is to repeat the second and third bights i.e. one more bight of the standing part and then one more bight of the working part, each successively locking the previous bight; this has the disadvantage of requiring longer rope from both parts. Another technique is to twist each bight before reaching through it for the next locking byte; the disadvantage here is the difficulty of tightening afterwards. In his book Outdoor Knots, Clyde Soles presents one of Dan Lehman's revisions to the highwayman's hitch that is simple and effective, naming it the \"slip-free hitch\". One simply rearranges the trio of bights so that the heavily loaded bight in the standing part will surround, rather than go through, the next-made bight; the finishing slipped-tuck bight will thus go through the 2nd-made bight, and so be less severely loaded. As the frame against which this rope toggle is nipped is entirely parts of the knot (and not depending upon proximity to the hitched object), this revision avoids the capsizing vulnerability of the highwayman's hitch. The Notable Knot Index recommends the tumble hitch as a more stable hitch. It's a similar hitch, but less prone to capsizing because the main part remains passive and the locking is done by two successive bights of the working part (no end needed) wrapping around both the standing part and the post/pole before locking the previous bight. Highwayman's hitch The draw hitch is a quick-release draw loop knot used for temporarily securing a load that will need to be released easily and cleanly. The hitch can be untied with a tug of the working end, even when under tension. The highwayman's hitch can be tied in the middle of a"
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"King African mole-rat The King African mole-rat, King mole-rat, or Alpine mole-rat, (\"Tachyoryctes rex\") is a burrowing rodent in the genus \"Tachyoryctes\" of family Spalacidae. It only occurs high on Mount Kenya, where it is common. Originally described as a separate species related to Aberdare Mountains African mole-rat, (\"T. audax\") in 1910, some classify it as the same species as the East African mole-rat, (\"T. splendens\"). It is a very large, brownish species, with head and body length ranging from . The young are dark with irregular white patches on their underparts. The animal builds large burrows and perhaps associated mounds and eats plant roots. In 1909, John Alden Loring collected the holotype while on the Smithsonian-Roosevelt African Expedition led by Theodore Roosevelt. The next year, Edmund Heller described the species as \"Tachyoryctes rex\"; he thought it most closely related to another Kenyan species, \"T. audax\". In 1919, Ned Hollister provided additional information using more material, and affirmed the relationship between \"T. rex\" and \"T. audax\". He noted that the two were similar in coloration, but that \"T. rex\" was much larger; according to Heller, \"T. audax\" is somewhat darker in color. Since 1974, some taxonomic works have included \"T. rex\" and many other \"Tachyoryctes\" species in \"T. splendens\", though without evaluation of the distinctive characters of the previously recognized species. The 2009 IUCN Red List follows this arrangement, but the 2005 third edition of \"Mammal Species of the World\" describes \"T. rex\" as a \"distinctive species\". \"Tachyoryctes rex\" is a very large species with fluffy fur. It is reddish-brown above and lighter brown below. The tip of the snout and the throat are black, and an area around the mouth is white. The feet are brown, but the toes are white. The tail is dark above and off-white below. Males are larger than females. Young animals are dark-furred, with some irregular white areas on their underparts. In young animals, the crown area of the molars is small, but it grows with wear in adulthood until reaching a maximum, after which it shrinks again. The iris is dark gray-brown. In 14 specimens, head and body length is , tail length is , hindfoot length is , and skull (condylobasal) length is . In comparison to those of \"Tachyoryctes audax\", the nasal bones are larger and have angles at the sides. \"T. annectens\", which is nearly as large, has smaller teeth and nasals; in \"T. rex\", the basioccipital is broader, and the back part of the mandible (lower jaw) is better developed and has the capsule of the incisor placed further to the front. \"Tachyoryctes rex\" is found on the western slope of Mount Kenya, Kenya, at in altitude. It is common in a limited area, at the upper edge of the bamboo forest and lower edge of the moorland. A female found on October 5 had a large embryo. \"T. rex\" builds large mounds with diameters up to . Some have interpreted these mounds as being built by termites instead. From those mounds, burrows may extend up to and be up to deep. One chamber is used for urination and defecation and to store plant matter; it produces a substantial amount of heat. In other chambers, \"T. rex\" builds large nests of grass. The animal eats plant roots. Its presence results in a change in vegetation on the mounds, which have fewer grasses and more woody plants, either because the animal eats plant roots or because the soil is altered. King African mole-rat The King African mole-rat, King mole-rat, or Alpine mole-rat, (\"Tachyoryctes rex\") is a burrowing rodent in the"
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"Nathaniel Meserve Nathaniel Meserve (1704–1758) was an American shipbuilder. Meserve was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to Clement Maserve and his wife Elizabeth Jones. On December 16, 1725, aged 21, he married Jane Libby and together they had ten children. Nathaniel Meserve would become a shipwright in his native Portsmouth, a hub of early American shipbuilding. In 1749 he was hired by the Royal Navy to build a 50 gun warship HMS \"America\" at his shipyard. During King George's War Nathaniel was a lieutenant colonel in the New Hampshire Militia regiment at the 1745 capture of Fortress Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island. His shipbuilding experience allowed him to build sleds to transport the cannon over the marshy ground. During the French and Indian War Colonel Meserve led the New Hampshire Provincial Regiment in 1756 to Fort Edward New York and in 1757 to garrison Halifax, Nova Scotia. In 1758 Col. Nathaniel Meserve was with General Amherst in another attack on Fortress Louisbourg because of his service in the 1745 capture of the fort. Here he contracted smallpox and died along with his eldest son. Nathaniel Meserve Nathaniel Meserve (1704–1758) was an American shipbuilder. Meserve was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire,"
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"Metta Victoria Fuller Victor Metta Victoria Fuller Victor (née Fuller; March 2, 1831 – June 26, 1885), who used the nom de plume Seeley Regester among others, was an American novelist, credited with authoring of one of the first detective novels in the United States. She wrote more than 100 dime novels, pioneering the field. She was born in Erie, Pennsylvania, the third of five children of Adonijah Fuller and Lucy (Williams) Fuller. The family moved to Wooster, Ohio in 1839, where she and her elder sister Frances (who also became a famous writer) attended a female seminary; they both published stories in local newspapers and, later, in the \"Home Journal\". The sisters moved to New York City together in 1848, where they continued their literary pursuits. Metta married editor and publishing pioneer Orville James Victor in 1856. Her sister Frances would later marry Victor's brother. Metta served as editor for the Beadle & Company monthly \"Home\" and for \"Cosmopolitan Art Journal\", and later anonymously published dime novels for her husband's series for Beadle. She died of cancer on June 26, 1885, in Ho-ho-kus, New Jersey, and was buried in Ridgewood's Valleau Cemetery. Her noteworthy works are \"Alice Wilde\" (1860), the first dime novel; \"Maum Guinea, and Her Plantation \"Children\"\" (1861), expressing abolitionist sentiments; \"The Dead Letter\" (1866), the first full-length American work of crime fiction; \"The Figure Eight\" (1869); \"A Bad Boy's Diary\" (1880); and \"The Blunders of a Bashful Man\" (1881). She also wrote under the names Corinne Cushman, Eleanor Lee Edwards, Metta Fuller, Walter T. Gray, Mrs. Orrin James, Rose Kennedy, Louis LeGrand, Mrs. Mark Peabody, The Singing Sybil, Mrs. Henry Thomas. Metta Victoria Fuller Victor Metta Victoria Fuller Victor (née Fuller; March 2, 1831 – June 26, 1885), who used the nom de plume Seeley Regester"
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"Bulanda, Punjab Bulanda is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 13 km from Nakodar, 48 km from Kapurthala, 40 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 162 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India). Nakodar railway station is the nearest train station however, Phillaur Junction train station is 38 km away from the village. The village is 67 km away from domestic airport in Ludhiana and the nearest international airport is located in Chandigarh also Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport is the second nearest airport which is 121 km away in Amritsar. Bulanda, Punjab Bulanda is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 13 km from Nakodar, 48 km from Kapurthala, 40 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 162 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India). Nakodar railway station is the nearest train station however, Phillaur Junction train station is 38 km away from the village. The village is 67"
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"Rally Hokkaido The Rally Hokkaido (ラリー北海道), is an international rally racing event held on the island of Hokkaidō in Japan. The rally was first held in 2002 as Japan's entry into the Asia-Pacific Rally Championship and Japan's return to international rallying. In 2004 the rally was promoted to World Championship status as the inaugural Rally Japan. The following year the World and Asia-Pacific rallies were split into separate rallies with both still being held in Hokkaido with Rally Japan as the WRC round, Rally Hokkaido as the APRC round. It has been throughout a Japan Rally Championship event as well. The event has been dominated by Subaru Imprezas with only one win taken by any other manufacturer. Local driver Toshihiro Arai has won his home event six times. Sourced in part from: Rally Hokkaido The Rally Hokkaido (ラリー北海道), is an international rally racing event held on the island of Hokkaidō in Japan. The rally was first held in 2002 as Japan's entry into the Asia-Pacific Rally Championship and Japan's return to international rallying. In 2004 the rally was promoted to World Championship status as the inaugural Rally Japan. The following year the World and Asia-Pacific rallies were split into separate"
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"Marie-Ève Drolet Marie-Ève Drolet (born February 3, 1982) is a Canadian short track speed skater who competed in the 2002 Winter Olympics where she won a bronze in the relay event. She also has six ISU World Championship medals to her name and was a two time overall World Junior Champion in 2000 and again in 2001. In 2002, she was a member of the Canadian relay team which won the bronze medal in the 3000 metre relay competition. In the 1000 m event she finished fourth and in the 1500 m contest she finished sixth. Surprisingly to most of the public she announced her retirement after the 2002 Olympics. Though Drolet was seen as a successor to Nathalie Lambert, Isabelle Charest and Annie Perreault, she herself did not feel the same way. Instead she said that \"I wanted to stop. I no longer wanted to be an athlete; I wanted to be a student. I was only 20, so I wanted to do other things. I wanted to travel, make new experiences.\" Drolet took a six-year hiatus that saw her complete a degree in psychology, with time spent in Brazil, Thunder Bay, Ontario, and High Level, Alberta, where she worked planting trees. During this time she spent more time learning English and acupuncture all while working at a day care. Though she watched the 2006 Winter Olympics with no regrets she stated that in 2008 the life of traveling and studies she had lived felt fulfilled and that she had achieved all that she wanted to in those aspects of life, again she wanted a new challenge which was a return to speed skating. This also came with new changes which as an adult meant she no longer trained and lived at home in Chicoutimi, instead she opted to move to Calgary and train and the Olympic Oval. Drolet also found that in her six-year absence the sport had change dramatically as well as the rules and strategy involved which was somewhat disconcerting to the former world junior champion. She said of her new sporting environment that \"I was physically strong, but in terms of competing, I wasn’t, I was getting pushed around, it was too aggressive for me. I was not used to getting tossed around. So, I have had to learn to manage this and to remain physically strong when someone touched me. That was a huge change that I had to face in my first year back.\" All this meant that she failed to qualify for the 2010 Winter Olympics on home soil in Vancouver. The 2014 Winter Olympics though saw her qualify, despite an injury that meant she missed three World Cup events as well as the national qualifying races. On doing this Drolet said \"When I was 20, I would have not realized it. I am proud of what I’ve accomplished, of having taken a detour, and in the end, it all turned out well. I’m happy that I was able to accomplish the challenge that I had given myself.\" The following season Drolet took the year off with the birth of her first child due in January 2015. Marie-Ève Drolet Marie-Ève Drolet (born February 3, 1982) is a Canadian short track speed skater who competed in the 2002 Winter Olympics where she won a bronze in the relay event. She also has six ISU World Championship medals to her name and was a two time overall World Junior Champion in 2000 and again in 2001. In 2002, she was a member of the Canadian relay team which won the bronze medal in the"
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"The Secret of Saturn's Rings The Secret of Saturn's Rings is a science-fiction novel by Donald A. Wollheim and was first published in the United States by the John C. Winston Company in 1954. This is the first of three novels that Wollheim wrote for the Winston Company, the other two being \"The Secret of the Martian Moons\" (1955) and \"The Secret of the Ninth Planet\" (1959). This is also one of the thirty-five juvenile novels that comprise the Winston Science Fiction set, which novels were published in the 1950s for a readership of teen-aged boys. The typical protagonist in these books was a boy in his late teens who was proficient in the art of electronics, a hobby that was easily available to the readers. It was his proficiency in that art that enabled Bruce Rhodes to detect an act of sabotage on his father's rocket ship. On the day of his graduation from high school Bruce Rhodes finds his classmates shunning him. He discovers that his father, Dr. Emanuel Rhodes, who has worked for the Terraluna Corporation for thirty years, most of that time as head of research, has been fired and the corporation is now smearing him. With a borrowed United Nations exploration ship, Dr. Rhodes intends to lead an expedition to Saturn, farther from Earth than anyone has ever gone. Dr. Rhodes explains that he has discovered that a nuclear-explosion-driven mining machine that he invented for Terraluna will actually blast the moon apart, sending debris raining down onto Earth and destroying civilization. Terraluna's executives had dismissed him (in both senses of the term) as a crackpot, so he went to the United Nations. Requiring additional proof of his hypothesis, the United Nations has loaned him a ship so that he can go to Saturn to determine whether the planet's rings are the remains of an exploded moon. With the other three members of the crew – able spaceman Arpad Benz (who will work with Bruce), astrogator Frank Garcia, and pilot Kurt Jennings – Bruce and his father board the ship and prepare for liftoff. The ship is launched up the side of a mountain, much of the initial boost being provided by a series of magnetic rings (similar to the ringroad that Robert Heinlein described in Starman Jones). Soon they're on their way to the moon to top off their fuel tanks, knowing that Terraluna intends to use every filthy, vile trick in the corporate playbook to stop them. In spite of those tricks, they land on Mimas, Saturn's innermost moon, and set up camp. Immediately Dr. Rhodes takes one of the rocketship's two lifeboats and flies it into the rings. Radio contact is lost as the signal is lost in intense static. While waiting for radio contact to resume, Bruce and the others find artefacts, signs that an alien city once occupied the ground on which they stand and has since crumbled into the gravel on which their ship and camp sit. When radio contact still has not been reestablished and only one day remains before the expedition must leave Saturn to return to Earth, Bruce takes the other lifeboat and flies into the rings. With some effort and luck he finds his father, whose rocketboat had broken down, and the two men return to Mimas just in time to see Garcia and Benz take off in their rocketship and head for Hidalgo. So intent are Garcia and Benz on running the ship that they don't notice the lifeboat landing behind them. Marooned, the Rhodeses decide to write down descriptions of their discoveries for future explorers to find. While the Rhodeses are exploring, two of the villains arrive, but an old Saturnian cannon destroys their ship and kills them. In the wreckage of the ship Bruce and his father find three fuel tanks, intact and full. With nothing to lose, they fuel up an old Saturnian rocket and blast off. Shedding parts as it goes, the rickety craft barely gets the men to the asteroid Hidalgo, where Garcia and Benz run to greet them and the four men settle down for a long and successful journey to Earth. The book was reviewed by “Another father and son team of scientific superiority, sally to Saturn – to prove their innocence and even an old score with a greedy gang who want to blow up the moon for the minerals therein. The secret of Saturn's rings, finds Dr. Rhodes, ousted head of the Terraluna mining operations, is that they were once moons which, blown apart, formed rings just as our own moon would do under the pressure if atomic bombing were used to extract the uranium at its center. The concurrent excitement is commensurate with the plot.” Notes Sources The book is listed at The Secret of"
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"Villa Fiorita, Brugherio Villa Scotti-Cornaglia-Noseda-Bertani, commonly known as Villa Fiorita, is a building in Lombardy, Italy, where the Brugherio Comune's headquarters are housed. Villa Fiorita is a historic aristocratic urban mansion with an L-shape layout. An extension overlooks the old town through a wrought iron railing, supported by late baroque pillars, forming the main entrance. The rear entrance faces a large park leading to the square. The mansion, built in 1721, was an \"aristocratic house\" with shells and a garden. It belonged to the counts of Scotti, who have been in Brugherio since the beginning of sixteenth century. The land was owned by the . In 1778 the count of Vedano, Giambattista Gallarati Scotti, sold it (with the neighbouring building, today known as Palazzo Ghirlanda-Silva) to Gaspare Ghirlanda who probably started the reconstruction and the decorative works of which many traces remain. The mansion was then inherited by the Nosedas, a family of Milanese land-owners, who used it as a summer residence. In 1921 it was bought by Bertani's brother. In 1938 the mansion was given to a nursing home for \"nervous afflictions\" known as Villa Fiorita. This clinic, managed by the accountant Bogani, who came from Milan, between 1949 and 1956 was home to the painter Filippo De Pisis from Ferrara who used the mansion's greenhouse as an office, now called Serra De Pisis. The building, because of its heritage status and the recent transformation into a nursing home, has been frequently modified for practical and sanitary reasons: two shells and an extension were demolished in 1963. The building was further remodelled, however without changing the structure, to house the town hall, whose opening took place on the 17 December 1978. During the renovation, the original three-arcades portico was rebuilt with granite pillars. The remodelling works removed almost all the fresco decorations on the facade. At the rear, there is a monochrome representation of that seem to be supporting the balconies but these are in fact a twentieth-century addition. Inside in the mayor's office on the ground floor, there is a fresco on the ceiling while in the hall and in the central room overlooking the garden, there are the remains of eighteenth-century frieze frescos depicting mythological scenes (possibly episodes from Cleopatra's life). Through the grand staircase to the first floor, there is a large \"Arts and crafts\" fresco by Max Squillace, Franco Ghezzi and Gian Mario Mariani. The wall painting depicts cultural, family, farming and factory activities, and man's aggressiveness. The farming activities are represented by a man with a plough and oxen. The family, in a social context, is depicted by a man who gives to a woman, lying on the large hand of mother earth, a wheat seed as a sign of fertility. The figures contained inside a globe represent culture. Finally, a man symbolizes aggressiveness within man. In the centre, showing the relationship of the figures with the city, there is the town's coat of arms. Beyond Villa Fiorita, in the centre of Brugherio, there is an English landscape garden covering about . It was first documented from the eighteenth century, when it was just a small garden annexed to count Ottaviano Scotti's mansion. In the second half of the nineteenth century it was enlarged and transformed into a classical romantic garden with a man-made hill, winding paths, irregularly set shrubs, rocks bordering the flower-beds, allées and fencing. There are more than 600 different shrubs composed not just by hackberries and yew trees, but also by cedars, horse chestnuts, beech trees, ginkgos, maples, elms and robinias. Of particular note are the monumental hackberry in front of the De Pisis greenhouse, the magnificent Sophora japonica and the historic thicket of bamboo. The park includes a playground for children and a kiosk with toilets. The park also hosts cultural and musical events and, in the summer evenings, films are shown in the open-air. The Villa Fiorita Park includes a building that was used as a greenhouse. Villa Fiorita became a psychiatric nursing home, and between 1949 and 1956 it hosted the painter Filippo de Pisis (1896-1956) of Ferrara who used the greenhouse as an office. He chose it for its park setting and its optimal exposure to sunlight. Villa Fiorita, Brugherio Villa Scotti-Cornaglia-Noseda-Bertani, commonly known as Villa Fiorita, is a building in Lombardy, Italy, where the Brugherio Comune's headquarters are housed. Villa Fiorita is a historic aristocratic urban mansion with an L-shape layout. An extension overlooks the old town through a wrought iron railing, supported by late baroque pillars, forming the main entrance. The rear entrance faces a large park leading to the square. The mansion, built in 1721, was an \"aristocratic house\" with shells and a garden. It belonged to the counts of Scotti, who have been in Brugherio since the beginning of sixteenth century. The"
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"Type (biology) In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralize the defining features of that particular taxon. In older usage (pre-1900 in botany), a type was a taxon rather than a specimen. A taxon is a scientifically named grouping of organisms with other like organisms, a set that includes some organisms and excludes others, based on a detailed published description (for example a species description) and on the provision of type material, which is usually available to scientists for examination in a major museum research collection, or similar institution. According to a precise set of rules laid down in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), the scientific name of every taxon is almost always based on one particular \"specimen\", or in some cases specimens. Types are of great significance to biologists, especially to taxonomists. Types are usually physical specimens that are kept in a museum or herbarium research collection, but failing that, an image of an individual of that taxon has sometimes been designated as a type. Describing species and appointing type specimens is part of scientific nomenclature and alpha taxonomy. When identifying material, a scientist attempts to apply a taxon name to a specimen or group of specimens based on his or her understanding of the relevant taxa, based on (at least) having read the type description(s), preferably based on an examination of all the type material of all of the relevant taxa. If there is more than one named type that all appear to be the same taxon, then the oldest name takes precedence, and is considered to be the correct name of the material in hand. If on the other hand the taxon appears never to have been named at all, then the scientist or another qualified expert picks a type specimen and publishes a new name and an official description. This process is crucial to the science of biological taxonomy. People's ideas of how living things should be grouped change and shift over time. How do we know that what we call \"\"Canis lupus\"\" is the same thing, or approximately the same thing, as what they will be calling \"\"Canis lupus\"\" in 200 years' time? It is possible to check this because there is a particular wolf specimen preserved in Sweden and everyone who uses that name – no matter what else they may mean by it – will include that particular specimen. Depending on the nomenclature code applied to the organism in question, a type can be a specimen, a culture, an illustration, or (under the bacteriological code) a description. Some codes consider a subordinate taxon to be the type, but under the botanical code the type is always a specimen or illustration. For example, in the research collection of the Natural History Museum in London, there is a bird specimen numbered 1886.6.24.20. This is a specimen of a kind of bird commonly known as the spotted harrier, which currently bears the scientific name \"Circus assimilis\". This particular specimen is the holotype for that species; the name \"Circus assimilis\" refers, by definition, to the species of that particular specimen. That species was named and described by Jardine and Selby in 1828, and the holotype was placed in the museum collection so that other scientists might refer to it as necessary. Note that at least for type specimens there is no requirement for a \"typical\" individual to be used. Genera and families, particularly those established by early taxonomists, tend to be named after species that are more \"typical\" for them, but here too this is not always the case and due to changes in systematics \"cannot\" be. Hence, the term name-bearing type or onomatophore is sometimes used, to denote the fact that biological types do not define \"typical\" individuals or taxa, but rather fix a scientific name to a specific operational taxonomic unit. Type specimens are theoretically even allowed to be aberrant or deformed individuals or color variations, though this is rarely chosen to be the case, as it makes it hard to determine to which population the individual belonged. The usage of the term \"type\" is somewhat complicated by slightly different uses in botany and zoology. In the \"PhyloCode\", type-based definitions are replaced by phylogenetic definitions. In some older taxonomic works the word \"type\" has sometimes been used differently. The meaning was similar in the first \"Laws of Botanical Nomenclature\", but has a meaning closer to the term taxon in some other works: Translation: This single character permits [one to] distinguish this type from all other species of the section ... After studying the diverse forms, I came to consider them as belonging to the one and the same specific type. In botanical nomenclature, a \"type\" (\"typus\", \"nomenclatural type\"), \"is that element to which the name of a taxon is permanently attached.\" (article 7.1) In botany a type is either a specimen or an illustration. A specimen is a real plant (or one or more parts of a plant or a lot of small plants), dead and kept safe, \"curated\", in a herbarium (or the equivalent for fungi). Examples of where an illustration may serve as a type include: Note that a type does not determine the circumscription of the taxon. For example, the common dandelion is a controversial taxon: some botanists consider it to consist of over a hundred species, and others regard it as a single species. The type of the name \"Taraxacum officinale\" is the same whether the circumscription of the species includes all those small species (\"Taraxacum officinale\" is a \"big\" species) or whether the circumscription is limited to only one small species among the other hundred (\"Taraxacum officinale\" is a \"small\" species). The name \"Taraxacum officinale\" is the same and the type of the name is the same, but the extent of what the name actually applies to varies greatly. Setting the circumscription of a taxon is done by a taxonomist in a publication. Miscellaneous notes: The \"ICN\" provides a listing of the various kinds of type (article 9), the most important of which is the holotype. These are Note that the word \"type\" appears in botanical literature as a part of some older terms that have no status under the \"ICN\": for example a clonotype. In zoological nomenclature, the type of a species or subspecies is a specimen, or series of specimens. The type of a genus or subgenus is a species. The type of a suprageneric taxon (e.g., family, etc.) is a genus. Names higher than superfamily rank do not have types. A \"name-bearing type\" is a specimen or image that \"provides the objective standard of reference whereby the application of the name of a nominal taxon can be determined.\" Although in reality biologists may examine many specimens (when available) of a new taxon before writing an official published species description, nonetheless, under the formal rules for naming species (the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature), a single type must be designated, as part of the published description. A type description must include a diagnosis (typically, a discussion of similarities to and differences from closely related species), and an indication of where the type specimen or specimens are deposited for examination. The geographical location where a type specimen was originally found is known as its '. In the case of parasites, the term ' (or symbiotype) is used to indicate the host organism from which the type specimen was obtained. Zoological collections are maintained by universities and museums. Ensuring that types are kept in good condition and made available for examination by taxonomists are two important functions of such collections. And, while there is only one \"holotype\" designated, there can be other \"type\" specimens,",
"designated, as part of the published description. A type description must include a diagnosis (typically, a discussion of similarities to and differences from closely related species), and an indication of where the type specimen or specimens are deposited for examination. The geographical location where a type specimen was originally found is known as its '. In the case of parasites, the term ' (or symbiotype) is used to indicate the host organism from which the type specimen was obtained. Zoological collections are maintained by universities and museums. Ensuring that types are kept in good condition and made available for examination by taxonomists are two important functions of such collections. And, while there is only one \"holotype\" designated, there can be other \"type\" specimens, the following of which are formally defined: When a single specimen is clearly designated in the original description, this specimen is known as the \"holotype\" of that species. The holotype is typically placed in a major museum, or similar well-known public collection, so that it is freely available for later examination by other biologists. When the original description designated a holotype, there may still be additional specimens listed in the type series and those are termed paratypes. These are not name-bearing types. An allotype is a specimen of the opposite sex to the holotype, designated from among paratypes. It was also formerly used for a specimen that shows features not seen in the holotype of a fossil. The term is not regulated by the ICZN. A neotype is a specimen later selected to serve as the single type specimen when an original holotype has been lost or destroyed or where the original author never cited a specimen. A syntype is any one of two or more specimens that is listed in a species description where no holotype was designated; historically, syntypes were often explicitly designated as such, and under the present ICZN this is a requirement, but modern attempts to publish species description based on syntypes are generally frowned upon by practicing taxonomists, and most are gradually being replaced by lectotypes. Those that still exist are still considered name-bearing types. A lectotype is a specimen later selected to serve as the single type specimen for species originally described from a set of syntypes. In zoology, a lectotype is a kind of name-bearing type. When a species was originally described on the basis of a name-bearing type consisting of multiple specimens, one of those may be designated as the lectotype. Having a single name-bearing type reduces the potential for confusion, especially considering that it is not uncommon for a series of syntypes to contain specimens of more than one species. A notable example is that Carl Linnaeus is the lectotype for the species \"Homo sapiens\". A paralectotype is any additional specimen from among a set of syntypes, after a lectotype has been designated from among them. These are not name-bearing types. A special case in Protistans where the type consists of two or more specimens of \"directly related individuals representing distinct stages in the life cycle\"; these are collectively treated as a single entity, and lectotypes cannot be designated from among them. An illustration on which a new species or subspecies was based. For instance, the Burmese Python, \"Python bivittatus,\" is one of many species that are based on illustrations by Albertus Seba (1734). An ergatotype is a specimen selected to represent a worker member in hymenopterans which have polymorphic castes. Type illustrations have also been used by zoologists, as in the case of the Réunion parakeet, which is known only from historical illustrations and descriptions. Recently, some species have been described where the type specimen was released alive back into the wild, such as the Bulo Burti boubou (a bushshrike), described as \"Laniarius liberatus\", in which the species description included DNA sequences from blood and feather samples. Assuming there is no future question as to the status of such a species, the absence of a type specimen does not invalidate the name, but it may be necessary in the future to designate a neotype for such a taxon, should any questions arise. However, in the case of the bushshrike, ornithologists have argued that the specimen was a rare and hitherto unknown color morph of a long-known species, using only the available blood and feather samples. While there is still some debate on the need to deposit actual killed individuals as type specimens, it can be observed that given proper vouchering and storage, tissue samples can be just as valuable should disputes about the validity of a species arise. The various types listed above are necessary because many species were described one or two centuries ago, when a single type specimen, a holotype, was often not designated. Also, types were not always carefully preserved, and intervening events such as wars and fires have resulted in destruction of original type material. The validity of a species name often rests upon the availability of original type specimens; or, if the type cannot be found, or one has never existed, upon the clarity of the description. The ICZN has existed only since 1961, when the first edition of the Code was published. The ICZN does not always demand a type specimen for the historical validity of a species, and many \"type-less\" species do exist. The current edition of the Code, Article 75.3, prohibits the designation of a neotype unless there is \"an exceptional need\" for \"clarifying the taxonomic status\" of a species (Article 75.2). There are many other permutations and variations on terms using the suffix \"-type\" (e.g., allotype, cotype, topotype, generitype, isotype, isoneotype, isolectotype, etc.) but these are not formally regulated by the Code, and a great many are obsolete and/or idiosyncratic. However, some of these categories can potentially apply to genuine type specimens, such as a neotype; e.g., isotypic/topotypic specimens are preferred to other specimens, when they are available at the time a neotype is chosen (because they are from the same time and/or place as the original type). The term fixation is used by the Code for the declaration of a name-bearing type, whether by original or subsequent designation. Each genus must have a designated type species (the term \"genotype\" was once used for this but has been abandoned because the word has become much better known as the term for a different concept in genetics). The description of a genus is usually based primarily on its type species, modified and expanded by the features of other included species. The generic name is permanently associated with the name-bearing type of its type species. Ideally, a type species best exemplifies the essential characteristics of the genus to which it belongs, but this is subjective and, ultimately, technically irrelevant, as it is not a requirement of the Code. If the type species proves, upon closer examination, to belong to a pre-existing genus (a common occurrence), then all of the constituent species must be either moved into the pre-existing genus, or disassociated from the original type species and given a new generic name; the old generic name passes into synonymy and is abandoned unless there is a pressing need to make an exception (decided case-by-case, via petition to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). A type genus is that genus from which the name of a family or subfamily is formed. As with type species, the type genus is not necessarily the most representative, but is usually the earliest described, largest or best known genus. It is not uncommon for the name of a family to be based upon the name of a type genus that has passed into synonymy; the family name does not need to be changed in such a situation. Type (biology) In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of"
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"Parque Central, Havana The Central Park of Havana (Parque Central \"in spanish\") is one of the most known and central sites of the city of Havana, Cuba. It is located between Prado, Neptuno, Zulueta and San José streets, and San Rafael Boulevard ends in front of it. Among the buildings surrounding the park are Gran Teatro de La Habana Alicia Alonso (The Great Theatre of Havana Alicia Alonso), el Hotel Inglaterra (England Hotel), el Hotel Telégrafo, el Hotel Parque Central (Central Park Hotel), la Manzana de Gómez (Block of Gómez), el Hotel Plaza y el Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes (The National Museum of Fine Arts of Havana) building of Universal Art. The gardens around the statue have a series of paths that intersect and fork. There are 28 royal palms that signify Martí's birth date, as well as 8 coffin-shaped stonework, representing medical students shot by the Spanish Government of the Island during the Ten Years' War on November 27, 1871. Parque Central, Havana The Central Park of Havana (Parque Central \"in spanish\") is one of the most known and central sites of the city of Havana, Cuba. It is located between Prado, Neptuno, Zulueta and San José streets,"
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"John Henry González Duque John Henry González Duque is a Colombian farmer, activist, speaker, and a labor movement leader in Colombia, most recognized for his involvement with the Small Scale Farmers Movement of Cajibio (Movimiento Campesino de Cajibo). Born in Cauca, Colombia on August 27, 1966, he later moved to the city of Popayán and studied for the priesthood with the Franciscan Friars of the Province of St. Paul the Apostle in Colombia. He soon changed plans, and returned to his family farm in Cauca. In 1990, along with other farmers, González Duque founded MCC, Movimiento Campesino de Cajibio (The Small Scale Farmers Movement of Cajibio), which consists of various farmers’ movements in the municipality of Cajibio, Cauca. The group is a self-help organization meant to deal with various problems related affecting local communities in rural Colombia. Since then, González Duque has worked as an international representative of the organization and a key figure in domestic issues affecting low-income farmers in Colombia. In 1999, he became the target of death threats for leading a forum about the impact of planting pine and eucalyptus trees for mass production (monocultures) by the Multinational SMURFIT KAPPA CARDBOARD COLOMBIA, and its effect on water, food security and land ownership. In 2008, González Duque led the MCC as it took part in the Minga of Social and Community Resistance where a public debate was held with the President of the Republic and was followed by a walk from the south of the country to the capital Bogota. About 50,000 people, including members of the indigenous community, students, trade unionists, women and residents of urban areas joined. In 2011, MCC began working towards elaborating a Contingency Plan for Human Rights. In June of that year, the MCC also promoted the \"Caravan for life and Presence in the Territory\" with the accompaniment from the international community, the United Nations, Vice President office, the Ombudsmans office, Witness for Peace, and other human rights and Social organizations in Colombia, in order to raise awareness of the situation and engage with the national government and international community to protect the welfare of the communities. As a result of these efforts, González Duque traveled across the US, meeting students in university campuses and other labor leaders. Currently, González Duque is delegated to represent the MCC in national human rights platforms such as the Colombia Europe USA coordination, the Alliance of social and related organizations, as well as the regional organization: Network for Life and Human Rights in Cauca. He is also the national coordinator of the Argo-Environmental Plan of Dignity in Life (Agro-Ambiental del Plan de Vida Digna - Movimiento Campesino de Cajibío). In 2013, he wrote an article about hunger and the politics of food in Colombia. John Henry González Duque John Henry González Duque is a Colombian farmer, activist, speaker, and a labor movement leader in Colombia, most recognized for his involvement with the Small Scale Farmers Movement of Cajibio (Movimiento Campesino de Cajibo). Born in Cauca, Colombia on"
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"Felixstowe Academy Felixstowe Academy is a secondary school and sixth form with academy status, located in Felixstowe, Suffolk, England. The school was formed in September 2011 from the merger of Orwell High School and Deben High School. Formerly, the school operated from both of these school sites, before all pupils were later accommodated by the recently constructed new buildings at the former Orwell High School site, with the old Deben High School premise being closed. Felixstowe Academy's new buildings cost approximately £19 million, and were officially opened for teaching on Monday 28 April 2014. The school offers further education (FE) courses, primarily at A Level, but also several specialised vocational courses. Orwell High School was a medium size secondary community school with Specialist Technology College status. In 2006 the school was issued with a notice to improve. There was a subsequent inspection in 2007 in which the school was seen to be making \"satisfactory progress\" and therefore the notice to improve was revoked. In 2010 51% of Orwell candidates gained five GCSEs at grades A* to C including English and Maths. In October 2009 OFSTED stated that the school was satisfactory, but Leadership and Management and the Capacity to Improve were both good. In September 2009 the school became a foundation school supported by the charitable Felixstowe Learning Trust. The Executive Headteacher, Robert Cawley, started at the school in 2010. The previous Headteacher, Peter Tomkins resigned from his post in May 2010. A statement from John Barker, the Chair of Governors, thanked Peter for his hard work and dedication. In September 2011 the school was formally merged with Deben High School, to form Felixstowe Academy. The school is now sponsored by the Academies Enterprise Trust. Felixstowe Academy Felixstowe Academy is a secondary school and sixth form with academy status, located"
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"Longest alternating subsequence In combinatorial mathematics, probability, and computer science, in the longest alternating subsequence problem, one wants to find a subsequence of a given sequence in which the elements are in alternating order, and in which the sequence is as long as possible. Formally, if formula_1 is a sequence of distinct real numbers, then the subsequence formula_2 is \"alternating\" (or \"zigzag\" or \"down-up\")if Similarly, formula_4 is \"reverse alternating\" (or \"up-down\") if Let formula_6 denote the length (number of terms) of the longest alternating subsequence of formula_4. For example, if we consider some of the permutations of the integers 1,2,3,4,5, we have that The longest alternating subsequence problem is solvable in time formula_11, where formula_12 is the length of the original sequence. If formula_4 is a random permutation of the integers formula_14 and formula_15, then it is possible to show that Moreover, as formula_17, the random variable formula_18, appropriately centered and scaled, converges to a standard normal distribution. The longest alternating subsequence problem has also been studied in the setting of online algorithms, in which the elements of formula_4 are presented in an online fashion, and a decision maker needs to decide whether to include or exclude each element at the time it is first presented, without any knowledge of the elements that will be presented in the future, and without the possibility of recalling on preceding observations. Given a sequence formula_20 of independent random variables with common continuous distribution formula_21, it is possible to construct a selection procedure that maximizes the expected number of alternating selections. Such expected values can be tightly estimated, and it equals formula_22. As formula_17, the optimal number of online alternating selections appropriately centered and scaled converges to a normal distribution. Longest alternating subsequence In combinatorial mathematics, probability, and computer science, in the longest alternating"
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"Krazzy 4 Krazzy is a 2008 Bollywood comedy film directed by Jaideep Sen and produced by Rakesh Roshan. The film stars Juhi Chawla, Arshad Warsi, Irrfan Khan, Suresh Menon and Rajpal Yadav in lead roles while Shahrukh Khan and Hrithik Roshan appear in item numbers. Music of the film is by Rajesh Roshan. Even though the film is scripted by Ashwani Dhir, the screenplay is an (uncredited) adaptation of the Malayalam film Mookilla Rajyathu, which in turn was an (uncredited) adaptation of the 1989 Hollywood film \"The Dream Team\", written originally by John Connolly and David Loucka. Raja (Arshad Warsi) has a temper problem, Gangadhar (Rajpal Yadav) has an obsession of freedom, Dr. Mukherjee (Irrfan Khan), is a clean freak and Dabboo (Suresh Menon), has not spoken in years. Dr. Sonali (Juhi Chawla) is treating all four of them. While Raja is diagnosed with Intermittent Explosive Disorder due to his sudden anger at the slightest provocation, schizophrenic Gangadhar is living in the past where he shares friendships with Jawaharlal Nehru, Mahatma Gandhi, Lokamanya Tilak and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. He seems busy in fighting for the country's freedom, which was achieved long back. Dr. Mukherjee is a perfect doctor and always keeps himself tidy and prim. He has been diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder. Dabboo suffers from Selective Mutism. He has not spoken for years, and appears frightened all the time. He is loved by one and all. Dr. Sonali negotiates with the mental hospital's top doctors to allow her to take the four of them for a cricket match between India and England which is being held on Independence Day. She eventually manages to get permission and the four of them get ready. The following morning, she takes them to the match and on the way stops at her clinic to pick up some important papers. She tells the group to stay in the car. After a while, Dabboo gets out of the car and goes to a spot nearby to urinate. From there, he watches Dr. Sonali being kidnapped by thugs. He notices one of the faces as a thug removes his mask. Dabboo then goes back to the car where his friends realize that something is wrong from the expression on his face, but soon ignore it as Dabboo cannot speak. As time goes on, the four become bored. One by one, all of them except Dabboo get out of the car to look for Dr. Sonali. They split up and go to different places. Meanwhile, Dr. Sonali is being bribed to sign papers for declaring a criminal called Rana as insane at a hospital at 11 am the following day. As Raja searches for her, he passes by a store where there is a TV set showing a news report about Independence Day. Raja notices that the woman who is speaking is actually his ex-girlfriend, Shikha (Dia Mirza), who he had lost a long time ago. He tracks her, and the two have a tearful reunion. Raja decides to go to Shikha's house to apologize to her father (Kenneth Desai), as he had been rude to him the last time they had met. He, however, meets Shikha's new boyfriend Pranav to who she will be engaged and married to soon. Raja becomes angry and starts beating Pranav up, and is once again thrown out of the house. Meanwhile, Gangadhar returns after having followed some school children singing Jana Gana Mana, and accidentally bumps into Dr. Mukherjee. They realise that the car is gone. Raja then returns and goes with the group to a nearby traffic station, where they find Dabboo and register a complaint that Dr. Sonali is missing. Raja then comes up with the idea that they should call up Sonali's husband, R K Sanyal (Rajat Kapoor), and tell him what has happened. They get his number from the traffic station and find out that he is at a hotel. They find him there but he receives a call from a man who tells him that Sonali has been captured and is safe which leads the team to realize that he was behind the kidnapping. They are caught by the same man who Dabboo saw kidnapping Sonali. They manage to escape and head off to Shikha's office, begging her to help them. She reluctantly agrees, and they kidnap Sanyal at the Star Awards function. They make him announce that he will pay Rs50 million to anyone who finds Sonali. Sanyal then escapes but this is just part of the plan as they have hidden a camera that films what he does and says. Then, they go to Pranav's office and beg him to play the video as he works with Shikha, but he doesn't agree. They, however, play the tape and a very distressed husband and his partner watch it. The next day, a taxi driver picks up four people who have found Dr. Sonali and he immediately recognizes who she is and takes the four men to a village close by where they are captured and put into the earth like seeds. He then calls them and tells the four about the news. When they arrive at the scene, they find her missing again. They eventually find her wrapped in a bag and walk away only to be caught by the board of directors but escape after Sonali again when she suddenly disappears. She gets into the car which her husband's partner is driving and goes to the hospital. The four follow her in an auto and arrive at the hospital moments later after Sonali was dropped off there. Dr. Mukherjee runs somewhere in the building leaving the others lost. When Sonali goes to the room where Rana is being held, the other three turn out to be the doctors who are also meant to examine Rana shortly joined by Dr. Mukherjee who ran off to see his wife who worked in the same hospital. They then torture him by injecting him with needles, electrocuting him and by giving him a heart shock. They then explain to Sonali that her husband was the one that kidnapped her and that it was just a trick to get her to do what they wanted. They then catch the criminals responsible and the movie ends when all of them go back home. \"Krazzy 4\" marks the first production-only venture by Rakesh Roshan. In all his previous films, he not only produced but also directed them. Sunaina, Roshan's daughter, who recovered from cervical cancer co-producer of this film. It also marks Irrfan Khan and Juhi Chawla acting in the same film after a period of four years. Chawla reprises her role of a psychiatrist after a gap of 10 years, when she did Deewana Mastana (1997). The last they were seen in a film was in 7½ Phere (2005). The film features an item number by Shahrukh Khan and Hrithik Roshan, Rakesh's son. While Hrithik will introduce the protagonists via a promotional video, Shahrukh will be shown performing at a function, as a part of an important sequence in the film. About Shahrukh's gesture by performing the item number, Hrithik said \"it's the first time something like this has been done, it highlights the solidarity of the industry. Shah Rukh has shown a lot of grace and respect for my father and we're touched as a family.\" While this marks the second item number for Hrithik after Dhoom 2 (2006), it will be Shahrukh's third after Kaal (2005) and Om Shanti Om (2007). Rakhi Sawant also lent her bit by performing another item number in the film. Ashwani Dhir, who wrote for \"Office Office\", a sitcom on Indian television, wrote the dialogues and screenplay for the film. Rajesh Roshan, Rakesh's brother has composed the music, while Javed Akhtar has penned the lyrics for the movie. In an interview, Rakesh said that their intention was the finish the shooting by December 2007. About why Hrithik was not a part of this film, he chose not to reveal the reasons. Dia Mirza said about her experience working in the film: The trailers for the film were out on 25 January 2008. The music of the film is composed by Rajesh Roshan. Music composer Ram Sampath alleged that the music of two of the songs of this movie (Break Free and Krazzy 4) are copied from a Sony Ericsson advertisement, composed by him. He lodged a case against the producers the film claiming damages of 20 million. On 10 April 2008 the Bombay High Court upheld his complaint and directed producer Rakesh Roshan to delete the songs from",
"has composed the music, while Javed Akhtar has penned the lyrics for the movie. In an interview, Rakesh said that their intention was the finish the shooting by December 2007. About why Hrithik was not a part of this film, he chose not to reveal the reasons. Dia Mirza said about her experience working in the film: The trailers for the film were out on 25 January 2008. The music of the film is composed by Rajesh Roshan. Music composer Ram Sampath alleged that the music of two of the songs of this movie (Break Free and Krazzy 4) are copied from a Sony Ericsson advertisement, composed by him. He lodged a case against the producers the film claiming damages of 20 million. On 10 April 2008 the Bombay High Court upheld his complaint and directed producer Rakesh Roshan to delete the songs from the film. The producers reached an out-of-court settlement with Sampath, and the movie was released with the controversial songs on 11 April 2008. AOL gave the film a mixed response with reviewer Noyon Jyoti Parasara giving it two and half stars. The review points out, \"Overall, Jaideep Sen's debut film Krazzy 4 seems like an off shoot of the 70s comedies from Hrishikesh Mukherjee. It's an honest venture. However, there are faults, quite a few actually. Probably the most glaring one is that the climax could have been more evoking.\" Krazzy 4 Krazzy is a 2008 Bollywood comedy film directed by Jaideep Sen and produced by Rakesh Roshan. The film stars Juhi Chawla, Arshad Warsi, Irrfan Khan, Suresh Menon and Rajpal Yadav in lead roles while Shahrukh Khan and Hrithik Roshan appear in item numbers. Music of the film is by Rajesh Roshan. Even though the film is scripted by Ashwani Dhir, the screenplay is an (uncredited) adaptation of the Malayalam film Mookilla"
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"Treble flute The treble flute is a member of the flute family. It is in the key of G, pitched a fifth above the concert flute and is a transposing instrument, sounding a fifth up from the written note. The instrument is rare today, only occasionally found in flute choirs, some marching bands or private collections. Some 19th-century operas, such as \"Ivanhoe\" include the instrument in their orchestrations. A limited number of manufacturers produce G treble flute, including Myall-Allen and Flutemakers Guild. The flutes have many of the same options as their larger C flute cousins, including sterling silver bodies, trill keys, and soldered keys. It is very similar to a piccolo, and plays in the same range, although, because it is a slightly larger instrument, it has a different quality at the upper end of its register, and it has an extended lower register, as compared with the piccolo. The instrument should not be confused with the Alto Flute, also in G, which is a larger instrument that transposing down by a fourth to the octave below the treble flute. Since the demise of the Renaissance flute consorts, the use of this treble flute in G seems to have all but disappeared. Only in the flute bands of Northern Ireland and Scotland that have converted from the traditional \"simple system\" flutes to Boehm system silver flutes, do we see extensive use of the treble flutes in G. Current instrumentation of one of these ensembles typically would be: Solo piccolo in C, Solo treble flute in G, 1st, 2nd and 3rd treble flutes in G, Solo flute in C, 1st and 2nd flutes in C, 1st and 2nd alto flutes in G, bass flutes in C, (and contrabass flutes in C), 4 percussion. Treble flute The treble flute is a"
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"Mark Williams (politician) Mark Fraser Williams (born 24 March 1966) is a British Welsh Liberal Democrat politician and former Member of Parliament (MP) for the Ceredigion constituency, a seat he gained from Plaid Cymru in 2005 and then lost again to Ben Lake of Plaid Cymru in the 2017 General Election. He sat on the Welsh Affairs Select Committee, and in 2006 he became a Shadow Minister for Wales under Menzies Campbell. Mark Williams is a graduate of the University of Wales, Aberystwyth and the University of Plymouth, and was Deputy Headteacher of a school in Llangorse near Brecon before becoming an MP. Mark Williams was born in Hertfordshire on 24 March 1966. His mother worked as a classroom assistant, and his father ran a printing business. He has two older sisters. He attended the local village primary school and then Richard Hale Secondary School, Hertford, from where he moved on to the University of Wales, Aberystwyth in 1984 to study politics. It was at school during the days of the SDP-Liberal Alliance that he become involved in Liberal politics, later saying: Within a week of arriving in Aberystwyth, Williams became secretary of the student group and had met local Liberal MP Geraint Howells. After graduating, he became a part-time researcher to the Liberal Peers in the House of Lords, but was determined to stay in Ceredigion and spent half the week and all Parliamentary holidays as assistant to Geraint Howells in Ceredigion until Howells lost Ceredigion in the 1992 General Election. He then returned to student life at the teacher training college in Exmouth, part of the University of Plymouth. After securing this qualification he taught in primary schools in Penzance and Barnstaple before becoming a Deputy Head teacher in Llangors School, Powys, in 2000. During this time Williams fought Monmouth at the 1997 general election, finishing third. In February 2000, after a spell as President of Ceredigion Liberal Democrats, Williams was selected to fight the Ceredigion seat in the by-election caused by the resignation of Cynog Dafis. In that by-election the Liberal Democrats rose back into second place, and in the general election of 2001 consolidated that second, and were just 3,944 votes behind Plaid Cymru. In May 2005, 13 years after Geraint Howells had been defeated, the Liberal Democrats regained Ceredigion with Mark Williams as MP by a very narrow majority of 219 votes. Williams is the first non-Welsh-speaking Member of Parliament to represent the constituency since the widening of the electoral franchise in 1867. In 2010, Williams substantially increased his majority, winning just over 50% of the vote; this was the first time any candidate had won more than 50% of the vote in Ceredigion since 1959. Williams has sat on the Welsh Affairs Select Committee since 2005 and held various shadow ministerial roles in the 2005–2010 Parliament. He called for Saint David's Day to be made a public holiday in Wales. He proposed a private member's bill with the backing of a leading charity to update child protection legislation. It will amend the Children and Young Persons Act 1933 because it only covers physical harm and does not cover psychological neglect. The bill is backed by Action for Children. Williams was defeated in the 2017 General Election by Ben Lake of Plaid Cymru, whose majority of 104 made the seat one of the most marginal in the country. The result left the Liberal Democrat Party without an MP in Wales, a situation which had not existed since the founding of the Liberal Party in 1859. He resigned as leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats shortly after. Westminister Parliament elections Mark Williams and his wife Helen have four children, Eleanor, Anna, and twins Eliza and Oliver. Mark Williams (politician) Mark Fraser Williams (born 24 March 1966) is a British Welsh Liberal Democrat politician and former Member of Parliament (MP) for the Ceredigion constituency, a seat he gained from Plaid Cymru in 2005 and then lost again to Ben Lake of Plaid Cymru in the 2017 General Election. He sat on the Welsh Affairs Select Committee, and in 2006 he became a Shadow Minister for Wales under Menzies Campbell. Mark Williams is a graduate of the University"
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"Delyo Glacier Delyo Glacier (, ‘Delyov Lednik’ \\'de-lyov 'led-nik\\) is the 8 km long and 2.7 km wide glacier on the east side of the main crest of north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It is situated northwest of Rumyana Glacier and south of Burdenis Glacier. The glacier drains the north slopes of Mount Giovinetto and the east slopes of Mount Viets, flows northeastwards and together with Burdenis Glacier and Gerila Glacier joins upper Ellen Glacier north of Bruguière Peak. The glacier is named after the Bulgarian rebel leader Delyo Voyvoda (17-18th century). Delyo Glacier is centred at . US mapping in 1961 and 1988. Delyo Glacier Delyo Glacier (, ‘Delyov Lednik’ \\'de-lyov 'led-nik\\) is the 8 km long and 2.7 km wide glacier on the east side of the main crest of north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It is situated northwest of Rumyana Glacier and south of Burdenis Glacier. The glacier drains the north slopes of Mount Giovinetto and the east slopes of Mount Viets, flows northeastwards and together with Burdenis Glacier and Gerila Glacier joins upper Ellen Glacier north of Bruguière Peak. The glacier is named after the Bulgarian rebel leader Delyo Voyvoda (17-18th century)."
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"Belcher's and Broadfield Woods Belcher's and Broadfield Woods is a 14.4 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Halstead and Braintree in Essex. It is managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust as the Brookes Nature Reserve. The site is coppice woodland on chalky boulder clay. There is a variety of woodlands types, such as wet ash and maple, pedunculate oak and hornbeam, and acid birch, ash and lime. The ground flora includes species which are locally uncommon, including greater butterfly-orchid and bird's-nest orchid. There is also a variety of butterflies, and ponds which have frogs and newts. The site is crossed by footpaths. Belcher's and Broadfield Woods Belcher's and Broadfield Woods is a 14.4 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Halstead and Braintree in Essex. It is managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust as the Brookes Nature Reserve. The site is coppice woodland on chalky boulder clay. There is a variety of woodlands types, such as wet ash and maple, pedunculate oak and hornbeam, and acid birch, ash and lime. The ground flora includes species which are locally uncommon, including greater butterfly-orchid and bird's-nest orchid. There is also a variety of butterflies, and ponds which have frogs"
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"The Midnight Man (1919 film) The Midnight Man is a 1919 American film serial directed by James W. Horne. It is now considered to be a lost film. As described in a film magazine, Bob Gilmore (Corbett), a young Washington clubman, pleads guilty to his foster father's forgery and becomes a fugitive from justice. As he is about to leave, he learns that his supposed parents adopted him from a foundling society. His only clue to his identity is some baby clothing and a ring. While escaping from the city, he is set upon by the White Circle gang of thieves who throw him in front of a train. He miraculously escapes from death and reaches New York City. While robbing a barroom, one of the thieves is killed and the police, finding Gilmore's jewelry on the body, believe that he is dead. Gilmore then takes the name Stevens and breaks into the homes of the wealthy at midnight in an attempt to learn his identity. At each place he takes nothing of value but leaves an impression of his ring in an effort to trace his parents. He has occasion to rescue a pretty young woman from thugs and finds she is the daughter of a wealthy man named Morgan. Morgan (Girard), it develops, is the leader of the White Circle gang. Gilmore is also being followed by a mysterious Hindu, and is being tracked by Detective Arnold (Singleton). Gilmore in the episodes is frequently called upon to display his boxing abilities in rough and tumble fights, and often takes daring athletic feats during his quest to discover his identity. The Midnight Man (1919 film) The Midnight Man is a 1919 American film serial directed by James W. Horne. It is now considered to be a lost film. As"
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"Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (, \"Nizhegorodskaya oblast\"), also known as Nizhegorod Oblast, is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It has a population of 3,310,597 as of the 2010 Census. From 1932 to 1990 it was known as Gorky Oblast. The oblast is crossed by the Volga River. Apart from Nizhny Novgorod's metropolitan area (including Dzerzhinsk, Bor and Kstovo) the biggest city is Arzamas. Near the town of Sarov there is the Serafimo-Diveyevsky Monastery, one of the largest convents in Russia, established by Saint Seraphim of Sarov. The Makaryev Monastery opposite of the town of Lyskovo used to be the location of the largest fair in Eastern Europe. Other historic towns include Gorodets and Balakhna, located on the Volga to the north from Nizhny Novgorod. The oblast covers an area of , which is approximately equal to the entire area of the Benelux countries or Czech Republic. Agricultural land occupies 41% of this area; forests, 48%, lakes and rivers, 2%; and other lands, 9%. Nizhny Novgorod Oblast borders Kostroma Oblast (N), Kirov Oblast (NE), the Mari El Republic (E), the Chuvash Republic (E), the Republic of Mordovia (S), Ryazan Oblast (SW), Vladimir Oblast (W), and Ivanovo Oblast (NW). Nizhny Novgorod Oblast is not rich in natural resources, which are limited to commercial deposits of sand (including titanium-zirconium sands), clay, gypsum, peat, mineral salt, and timber. During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: the first secretary of the Nizhny Novgorod (then Gorki) CPSU Committee (who in reality had the greatest authority); the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power); and the chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). After 1991, the CPSU lost all its power. The head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor, was appointed/elected alongside the elected regional parliament. The Charter of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia. The unique architectural construction—the steel lattice hyperboloid tower built by the Russian engineer and scientist Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov in 1929—is located near the town of Dzerzhinsk on the left bank of the Oka River. Population: According to the 2010 Census, ethnic Russians at 3,109,661 made up 95.1% of the oblast's population. Other ethnic groups included Tatars (44,103, or 1.4%), Mordva (19,138, or 0.6%), Ukrainians (17,657, or 0.5%), and various smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total. Additionally, 42,349 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group. Deaths decreased by 8.5% in 2011 compared to 2010. 2009 - 1.43 | 2010 - 1.42 | 2011 - 1.44 | 2012 - 1.55 | 2013 - 1.56 | 2014 - 1.59 | 2015 - 1.67 | 2016 - 1.65(e) According to the Federal Migration Service, 20,450 foreign citizens were registered in the oblast in 2006. The actual number of foreigners residing in the oblast as of June 1, 2006 was estimated to be over 22,000. According to a 2012 survey 69.2% of the population of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 2% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 2% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to any church or members of other Orthodox churches, and 1% are adherents of the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery). In addition, 15% of the population declares to be \"spiritual but not religious\", 10% is atheist, and 0.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. The oblast ranks seventh in Russia in industrial output. Processing industries predominate in the local economy. More than 650 industrial companies employ nearly 700,000 people, or 62% of the workforce involved in material production. Industry generates 83% of the regional GDP and accounts for 89% of all material expenditures. The leading sectors are engineering and metalworking, followed by chemical and petrochemical industries and forestry, woodworking, and paper industries. The first three sectors account for about 75% of all industrial production. The oblast has traditionally been attractive to investors. In 2002, Moody's rating agency confirmed a Caa1rating based on the region's long-term foreign currency liabilities. The region maintains trade relations with many countries and has an export surplus. The largest volume of exports goes to Ukraine, Belarus, Switzerland, Kazakhstan, Belgium, and France. Imports come mainly from Ukraine, Germany, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Austria, Netherlands, China, and the United States. The stock market infrastructure is quite well developed in Nizhny Novgorod, and the exchange business is expanding. Companies and organizations registered in the region include 1153 joint-stock companies, 63 investment institutions, 34 commercial banks, 35 insurance companies, 1 voucher investment fund, 1 investment fund, 17 nongovernmental pension funds, 2 associations of professional stock market dealers, and 3 exchanges (stock, currency, and agricultural). The oblast is noted for having relatively highly developed market relations. Today, the region needs serious partners interested in equitable, long-term, mutually beneficial partnerships. There are 650+ industrial companies in the region, most of them engaged in the following sectors: These key industries are supplemented by other sectors of the economy such as agriculture, trade, services, communications and transport. Narrow gauge railways in the region: Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (, \"Nizhegorodskaya oblast\"), also known as Nizhegorod Oblast, is a federal subject of Russia (an"
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"J. P. Wearing John Peter Wearing (born c. 1945) is an Anglo-American theatre historian and professor, who has written numerous books and articles about nineteenth and twentieth-century drama and theatre, including \"The Shakespeare Diaries: A Fictional Autobiography\", published in 2007. He has also written and edited well-received books on George Bernard Shaw, Arthur Wing Pinero, extensive reference series on the London theatre from 1890 to 1959, and theatrical biographies, among other subjects. As a professor of English literature, Wearing has specialised in Shakespeare and modern drama. Wearing, who publishes under the name J. P. Wearing, was born in Birmingham and raised in Pelsall. At Cannock Grammar School, he became Head Boy and sang in the church choir. He studied English Literature at the University of Wales (then called the University College of Swansea), graduating in 1967 with a B.A. degree (\"magna cum laude\"). The next year he received an M.A. degree from the University of Saskatchewan. He earned a PhD degree from the University of Wales in 1971. He has a brother named Michael. In 1971, Wearing began teaching at the University of Alberta, soon founding, together with L. W. Conolly, the journal \"Nineteenth Century Theatre Research\", which he edited until 1986. He was also a theatre critic on CKUA Radio in 1973–74. Wearing moved to the US and joined the University of Arizona in 1974, teaching Shakespeare and modern drama until 1999. He has been honoured with a Guggenheim Fellowship (1978–79) and a four-year research grant for his extensive series on the London theatre from the National Endowment for the Humanities (1987–91). Since 1999, he has held the post of Professor Emeritus of English at the University of Arizona. Since the 1970s, Wearing has written and edited well-received books on George Bernard Shaw and Arthur Wing Pinero, fictionalised \"Shakespeare Diaries\", a 16-volume series on London theatre from 1890 to 1959 that he updated and expanded in 2014, and an extensive index of American and British theatrical biographies that he updated and expanded in 2012. His numerous articles include eleven entries for the \"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography\" on such persons as Pinero, William Archer, George Alexander, John Hare, Augustus Harris, Samuel Phelps and Mary Ebsworth. Wearing's careful research and concise writing have been much praised. For example, his volume of the collected letters of Arthur Wing Pinero was called \"probably the most important material published on Pinero since his death... Wearing has written an excellent introduction and valuable explanatory headnotes for each letter, a task that looks deceptively easy.\" A review of Wearing's 16-volume series on the London Stage stated: \"In his remarkable series, J. P. Wearing... has chosen to give us a chronological listing of works... presented in major London theatres since 1890, a series now covering seven decades. I know of no other venture on this scale making available the theatrical riches of a great modern city in this detailed way... Here is a wonderful place to start research.\" Other reviews call the London Stage volumes \"invaluable\" and \"thoroughly accurate\" and state: \"[T]here is a proverbial mine of useful information here, sensibly organized and, within [limits], well indexed. Scholarship on the theatre covered by these volumes will surely become a rich beneficiary of Wearing's industry and good judgment.\" Of Wearing's 2007 fictionalised \"Shakespeare Diaries\", Swansea University Alumni Association News notes: \"Writing in diary form, in the delightfully whimsical style of Shakespeare himself, Wearing incorporates many fragments of lines and phrases from The Bard's plays and poems. Fascinating endnotes provide further annotation and information for those readers who wish to know more.\" A review of Wearing's \"American and British Theatrical Biography: A Directory\" concludes, \"nowhere, aside from Wearing, can one find such a comprehensive listing of basic biographical information for America and Britain spanning the long history of theatrical activity in those countries and nicely digested in the pages of one volume. Like Wearing's previous scholarship, the present work addresses a demonstrable need, filling a notable gap in a practical, efficient, and serviceable way.\" In 2012, Wearing greatly expanded his 1979 work as \"American and British Theatrical Biographies: An Index\". Booklist's review stated that the work \"provides an excellent starting point for anyone taking on the task of research in the history of the American and British theater. ... film and television actors are excluded unless they have actually appeared onstage. Artists performing in other theatrical arenas, such as opera, dance, circus, music, and music halls, are included, as are critics and others in stage-related occupations.\" In 2013 to 2014, Wearing updated and expanded his entire series on \"The London Stage\" and added an \"Accumulated Indexes\" volume. American Reference Books Annual wrote: \"These works are a must-have for theater departments, and really any library interested in play productions.\" J. P. Wearing John Peter Wearing (born c. 1945) is"
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"retrieved": [
"Debra Katz Debra S. Katz is a civil rights and employment lawyer and a founding partner of Katz, Marshall & Banks in Washington, D.C. Katz was raised in a Jewish family on Long Island and graduated from George W. Hewlett High School. In 1980, she received a Bachelor of Arts degree (summa cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa) from Union College and in 1984, a J.D. cum laude from the University of Wisconsin Law School where she was a member of the Wisconsin Law Review and as Articles Editor of the Wisconsin Women’s Law Journal. After law school, Katz clerked for Judge William A. Bablitch on the Wisconsin Supreme Court and held a Women’s Law and Public Policy Fellowship at Georgetown University Law Center. Katz is representing Irwin Reiter, a longtime Weinstein Company executive, who reportedly objected to Harvey Weinstein's alleged sexual harassment of a front desk assistant. Katz represented Chloe Caras, a former Director of Operations for Isabella Eatery in her sexual harassment and retaliation lawsuit against celebrity chef Mike Isabella, Mike Isabella Concepts, and four of his business partners. The lawsuit was settled in May 2018. The financial terms of the settlement remain confidential, but included is a binding agreement requiring the restaurant company to implement harassment training and stronger policies to prevent future sexual harassment. Katz represents Christine Blasey Ford, professor at Palo Alto University, who in September 2018 alleged that U.S. Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh sexually assaulted her in the early 1980s, when they were both teenagers. Katz and Lisa Banks brought a Title IX claim on behalf of a graduate student at the University of Colorado alleging retaliation. Katz, Marshall & Banks alleged that CU-Boulder violated Title IX by exposing the student to a sexually hostile academic environment and to retaliation by a tenured Professor in the Department after her Title IX claims were validated by the University’s Office of Discrimination and Harassment. The case settled for $850,000 plus various non-monetary provisions, including a public statement from the University Chancellor stating that settling the claims was \"the right thing to do.\" In July 2011, ArmorGroup North America and its affiliates paid $7.5 million to resolve allegations that AGNA submitted false claims for payment on a State Department contract to provide armed guard services at the U.S. Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan. The settlement resolves U.S. claims that in 2007 and 2008, AGNA guards violated the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) by visiting brothels in Kabul, and that AGNA’s management knew about the guards’ activities. The settlement resolves a whistleblower suit filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia under seal by James Gordon against AGNA, ArmorGroup International plc, G4S plc and Wackenhut Services Inc. under the qui tam, or whistleblower, provisions of the False Claims Act. A jury in the District Court for the District of Columbia awarded Ronnie Barrett $300,000 in compensatory damages and $2 million in punitive damages in her sexual harassment and retaliation suit against Andre Chreky and the Andre Chreky Salon, one of the top-rated salons in Washington, D.C. Mr. Chreky was the hairdresser to former First Lady Laura Bush. Barrett was a former hair colorist at the salon. In a whistleblower case brought under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Katz successfully defeated a motion for a protective order filed by the defendant to prevent the plaintiff from deposing Biogen Idec’s CEO, James Mullen. Mr. Blanton alleged that the Boston-based pharmaceutical fired its chief reimbursement expert in retaliation for complaints about illegal kickbacks to physicians. The Securities and Exchange Commission confirmed allegations made by Roger Barnes, a former Fannie Mae accounting manager, that the mortgage-finance institution cooked its books and retaliated against him for complaining about it. The SEC further concluded that Fannie Mae manipulated its earnings through \"cookie jar\" accounting and ordered Fannie Mae to restate its earnings. As a result of Mr. Barnes' disclosures, Fannie Mae's management team, including Fannie Mae’s CEO and other top executives, were removed from their positions. Ultimately, Fannie Mae's restatement of earnings was one of the largest in U.S. history. Additionally, Barnes received a sizable settlement. Jury verdict of $250,000 in compensatory damages and $1 million in punitive damages for claims of sex discrimination, sexual harassment and retaliation. Katz is representing women who allege NPR former news executive Michael Oreskes is guilty of sexual harassment. She is counsel to Irwin Reiter in the Harvey Weinstein scandal. Katz is vice chair of the board of directors of the Project On Government Oversight. She has contributed articles to \"Ms. Magazine\". Katz is a Fellow at The College of Labor and Employment Lawyers, a Member of the International Women's Forum, and a Fellow of the American Bar Association. Debra Katz Debra S. Katz is a civil rights and employment lawyer and a founding partner of Katz, Marshall"
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"Abdul Karim Khan Ustad Abdul Karim Khan (Devanagari: अब्दुल करीम ख़ान, Persian script: <bdi>استاد عبدالکریم خان</bdi>) (11 November 1872 – 27 October 1937), was an Indian classical singer and, along with his cousin Abdul Wahid Khan, the founder of the Kirana gharana. Abdul Karim Khan was born in Kairana town in Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh into a family with music tradition which traced its roots to musician brothers Ghulam Ali and Ghulam Maula. His father, Kale Khan, was the grandson of Ghulam Ali. Abdul Karim Khan received training from his uncle Abdullah Khan and father Kale Khan. He also received guidance from another uncle, Nanhe Khan. Apart from vocals and sarangi, he also learnt Veena (Been), Sitar and Tabla. According to a story, he was initially a sarangi player, but decided to switch to vocals because of low status of sarangi players. In his early years, he used to sing with his brother Abdul Haq. They appeared before Murtaza Khan of the \"Maula Bakhsh Khandan\" in order to appear before the Maharaja (king) and were influenced by Murtaza's style. The king of Baroda state was impressed by this singing duo and made them the court musicians. This is where he met Tarabai Mane, who was the daughter of Sardar Maruti Rao Mane, a member of the royal family. When they decided to get married, they were ousted from Baroda. The couple settled down in Bombay. In 1922, Tarabai Mane left Abdul Karim Khan, which apparently had a major impact on his music - making it pensive and meditative. Karim Khan's first wife, Gafooran, was the sister of another Kirana master Abdul Wahid Khan, who was also his cousin. \"One of the most melodious classical musicians we have had, Abdul Karim Khan's music always created a sublime atmosphere. The soothing quality of his specially cultivated voice, and his repose style of singing were such that the singer as well as his listeners forgot themselves in a sort of 'trance'.\" Abdul Karim Khan was invited to the Mysore court where he met famous Carnatic music masters who also influenced his music. In particular the singing of his sargam was a direct influence of Carnatic practice. He became a frequent visitor to Mysore Palace which conferred on him the title \"Sangeet Ratna\". On the way to Mysore he used to stay with his brother in Dharwad where he taught his most famous disciple Sawai Gandharva. In 1900, for eight months he taught Kesarbai Kerkar, who would go on to be one of the 20th century's most renowned vocalists. In 1913, he founded the Arya Sangeet Vidyalaya in Poona to teach music students. He finally settled down in Miraj till his death in 1937 when returning from a concert tour of the South. Every year in August commemorative music concerts are held in Miraj in his honour. The innovations he brought to his vocal style distinguishes Kirana style from others. The slow melodic development of the raga in Vilambit laya (slow tempo) was the most characteristic aspect of his music. He worked hard to maintain his voice to be sweet and melodious which shaped his music. The thumri style he developed is also quite different from the 'Poorab ang' or 'Punjabi ang'. His thumri progresses in a leisurely slow pace with ample abandonment. He was also the first Hindustani musician to seriously study the Carnatic system and probably the first to be invited to sing all over the South. He has even recorded a Thyagaraja Krithi. He was also influenced by Rehmat Khan of the Gwalior gharana and adopted the direct style of presentation. \"Although frail-looking, Khan Saheb maintained excellent health through regular exercises, disciplined habits, and frugal living. His photographs show him as a tall, slim person dressed immaculately in a black 'achkan', a cane in hand, a typical moustache and a red gold-bordered turban, and most striking of all, his dreamy eyes.\" Abdul Karim's disciples include Rambhau Kundagolkar (Sawai Gandharva), Roshan Ara Begum, Sureshbabu Mane, and Vishwanathbuwa Jadhav. Abdul Karim Khan Ustad Abdul Karim Khan (Devanagari: अब्दुल करीम ख़ान, Persian script: <bdi>استاد عبدالکریم خان</bdi>) (11 November 1872 – 27 October 1937), was an Indian classical singer and, along with his cousin Abdul Wahid"
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"Monte Carlo (video game) Monte Carlo is a gambling simulation video game created for the Apple II, created by PBI Software. It was programmed by Richard L. Seaborne and released in 1987. \"Monte Carlo\" offered a number of traditional casino-style gambling games, selectable from the games main screen. Games included: One or two players could play against the house using standard casino rules. At the beginning of the game, players are given $5000 in virtual money which they could bet in any amounts by dragging various colored chips to the betting areas of the various games. There were no set time limits or goals to the game; players could choose to \"cash out\" at any point, at which time the game would be finished and their money total—if large enough to qualify—would be saved on a list of \"high rollers\". The player would then have to begin again from the initial $5000 point. If at any point a player bet all his or her money and lost, the game would be over and the player would have to start again; the game did not allow negative balances. Nowhere in the game was there any explanation or tutorial on how to play any of the games; players were expected to be familiar with the rules of the particular casino game being played. The game was reviewed in 1988 in \"Dragon\" #133 by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in \"The Role of Computers\" column. The reviewers gave the game 4 out of 5 stars. Monte Carlo (video game) Monte Carlo is a gambling simulation video game created for the Apple II, created by PBI Software. It was programmed by Richard L. Seaborne and released in 1987. \"Monte Carlo\" offered a number of traditional casino-style gambling games, selectable from the games main screen."
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"Concordia Parish Courthouse The Concordia Parish Courthouse, at 405 Carter Street in Vidalia in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, was built in 1939. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. The 1939 courthouse replaced an earlier one demolished when, as part of a flood control project, the town of Vidalia was moved six blocks inland from the Mississippi River. It is a four-story brick and stone building with restrained Art Deco architecture. It has three-story wings on its sides and a small one-story wing on the rear. It was designed by J.W. Smith and Associates and was built by the M.T. Reed Construction Company. The first floor originally was parish and school board offices, with second and third floors used for courthouses and the fourth story used as a jail. Actually the building is used as the Vidalia branch of Concordia Parish Library. Main entrance has been changed to the courthouse's rear one, at 408 Texas Street. Concordia Parish Courthouse The Concordia Parish Courthouse, at 405 Carter Street in Vidalia in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, was built in 1939. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. The 1939 courthouse replaced an earlier one"
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"Fuel (band) Fuel is an American rock band formed by guitarist/songwriter Carl Bell and bassist Jeff Abercrombie in 1994. They are known for their hit songs \"Shimmer\" from \"Sunburn\", \"Hemorrhage (In My Hands)\" and \"Bad Day\" from \"Something Like Human\", and \"Falls on Me\" from \"Natural Selection\". The band has sold nearly four million records worldwide. They have released five studio albums, most recently \"Puppet Strings\" in 2014. No original members of the band remain, except for vocalist Brett Scallions, who was out of the band himself from 2006 to 2010. Carl Bell and Jeff Abercrombie, childhood friends, started playing music together in junior high and high school. After graduating high school Bell, who was a few years older than Abercrombie, headed off to college where he met drummer Jody Abbott. Bell and Abbott formed a college campus band, Wanted (along with Robert Wagner and Mark Crawford) in Henderson, Tennessee. The band Wanted transitioned into Phoenix, which was a touring band for the college primarily used to recruit prospective students. After college, Bell and Abercrombie, who at the time was attending college at the University of Tennessee at Martin, reunited along with Abbott and formed the band Reel Too Real, playing cover songs at local clubs in Tennessee and eventually becoming a national touring club circuit band. Lead vocalist-guitarist Brett Scallions joined the group after bassist Jeff Abercrombie saw him performing in a bar in Jackson, Tennessee in 1993 and later asked him to join in 1994. That same year, the band moved to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where they played at local Pennsylvania bars and nightclubs under the name Reel Too Real, playing cover songs. The band made a choice to go under a different name when showcasing its own original material. That name, for the time being, would be Small the Joy, which put out one EP in 1994. The band once again decided to change its name, this time settling on the name Fuel, before releasing their second EP, \"Porcelain\", in 1996 as well as repackaging their first EP, \"Small the Joy\", with the \"Fuel\" name on it. \"Porcelain\" sold well locally, spawning a small radio hit with \"Shimmer\". The popularity of the EP brought them to the attention of Sony's 550 imprint, which released their third EP, \"Hazleton\", the following year. Upon signing to Epic, the band entered Longview Farm recording studios in Massachusetts, along with producer Steven Haigler and session drummer Jonathan Mover due to problems with Abbott. The band's full-length debut, \"Sunburn\", came out in 1998. \"Shimmer\" was again included and peaked at No. 2 on the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks charts, No. 11 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, No. 37 on the Adult Top 40 chart and at No. 42 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, as well as Platinum single sales in Australia; while, the other singles (\"Bittersweet\" which peaked at No. 15 on the \"Billboard\" Rock Mainstream charts, \"Jesus or a Gun\", and \"Sunburn,\") received some airplay. The songs \"Shimmer\" and \"Sunburn\" are also featured on the charitable album \"Live in the X Lounge\". \"Sunburn\" was also featured in the movie \"Scream 3\", and the band contributed the non-LP track \"Walk the Sky\" to the 1998 American \"Godzilla\" film. The band hit the road in support of the release. Once again due to problems with Abbott, Mover was enlisted, this time to play drums on tour while the band sought out a full-time drummer to join. Liner notes for the cassette and CD issues of \"Sunburn\" list the band members as Carl Bell (guitar), Brett Scallions (vocals), Jeff Abercrombie (bass), and Kevin Miller (drums), although Jonathan Mover is credited with playing all the drums and percussion on the record. The band picture includes Miller, though he did not play on the record. The album Sunburn was the band's first Gold and Platinum selling record. In 2000, Fuel came back with their second album, \"Something Like Human\", featuring the single \"Hemorrhage (In My Hands)\" which was No. 1 for 12 weeks on the U.S. Modern Rock Tracks chart. The single was also named \"Billboard\"s No. 5 Rock Song of the Decade according to their Best of the 2000s Rock Songs chart. In 2013 \"Hemorrhage (In My Hands)\" became the No. 6 Alternative Rock song of the past 25 years according to \"Billboard\"s Alternative Chart 25th Anniversary: Top 100 Songs. \"Something Like Human\" peaked at No. 17 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified Double Platinum by the RIAA on September 25, 2001. The group's third album, \"Natural Selection\", named after Darwinian theory, was released in September 2003 and debuted at No. 15 on the U.S. Billboard charts. The extended lag time between \"Something Like Human\" and \"Natural Selection\" was due to legal problems and lead singer Scallions having to recover from surgery to repair a deviated septum he suffered from an on-stage collision with Bell. The album spawned the hit \"Falls on Me\", which hit No. 9 and No. 11 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks and the Modern Rock Tracks charts, and reaching No. 13 and No. 17 on the Mainstream Top 40 and Adult Top 40 charts, peaking at No. 52 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2004 for best engineered album, and the band contributed the song \"Won't Back Down\" to the \"Daredevil\" soundtrack earlier in the year. They released their greatest hits album \"The Best of Fuel\" on December 13, 2005. Their song \"Quarter\" was featured in the games \"\", \"NFL Street\" and \"NASCAR Thunder 2004\". After disagreements (both public and private), drummer Kevin Miller was dismissed from the band in 2004. On February 7, 2006, Fuel announced through their website that singer Brett Scallions had left the band. Fuel had already laid down the instrumental tracks for their fourth album and soon started auditioning singers so the band could move forward. Abercrombie and Bell took notice of \"American Idol\" contestant Chris Daughtry, after he performed \"Hemorrhage (In My Hands)\" on the show. The single shot up to the Top 10 download list on iTunes and stayed there for a number of days. This also sparked interest in other Fuel songs, which began to appear in the Top 100 download chart on iTunes. On March 3, 2006, judge Randy Jackson stated in an interview that Daughtry had been offered the opportunity to become Fuel's new lead singer. Fuel confirmed their interest on their official website. On May 11, 2006, Abercrombie and Bell appeared on the TV show \"Extra\" to officially offer Daughtry the job. However, though flattered, Daughtry turned down this offer. By this time also, Tommy Stewart, formerly of Godsmack, was named as Fuel's drummer on Fuel's Myspace page. On June 8, 2006, Bell announced that the band had found a new lead singer but were waiting confirmation from the record label to announce it. Still, they officially entered the studio in mid-August with producer Scott Humphrey to start recording their fourth album. Due to other commitments Stewart was not available to play drums on the album, so Tommy Lee and Josh Freese performed drums in his place. The band posted photos from the studio fairly often on the band's website and MySpace. On March 9, 2007, Carl Bell officially announced that Fuel's next album, complete with new band members, was fully mixed and going to mastering, and on April 19, 2007, he posted on Fuel's official website that their new lead singer was Toryn Green. On May 15, 2007, Bell announced the title of the new album—\"Angels & Devils\". On June 19, 2007, Fuel's first single from their new album, \"Wasted Time\", was released into rock radio and internet download and peaked at No. 24 on Billboard's Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks. The album was released on August 7, 2007. A second single, \"Gone,\" was released on October 23. \"Angels & Devils\" debuted on the \"Billboard\" 200 at No. 42, selling about 15,000 copies in its first week. On October 20, 2008, Sony's catalog division Legacy Recordings released the album \"\" on their Playlist series. On April 8, 2010,",
"that Fuel's next album, complete with new band members, was fully mixed and going to mastering, and on April 19, 2007, he posted on Fuel's official website that their new lead singer was Toryn Green. On May 15, 2007, Bell announced the title of the new album—\"Angels & Devils\". On June 19, 2007, Fuel's first single from their new album, \"Wasted Time\", was released into rock radio and internet download and peaked at No. 24 on Billboard's Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks. The album was released on August 7, 2007. A second single, \"Gone,\" was released on October 23. \"Angels & Devils\" debuted on the \"Billboard\" 200 at No. 42, selling about 15,000 copies in its first week. On October 20, 2008, Sony's catalog division Legacy Recordings released the album \"\" on their Playlist series. On April 8, 2010, the reformation of Fuel was confirmed in an official press release. The band consisted of Scallions with an entirely new lineup. \"There is only one original of anything\" says Scallions, \"and that includes Fuel. The original lineup with Carl, Jeff, Jody and myself will always be something special to all of us, and our first Fuelies (a term for Fuel fans) but it has been thirteen years since the original lineup was intact, and since then many great musicians have come and gone. The lineup I put together for Fuel is not meant to replace or diminish what any of the original members created. Just the opposite, it is to give our fans a live destination, and to keep the Fuel name alive for a new generation to discover. Maybe someday we'll all get on the same page and play together again, but life happens and the next thing you know you just can't jump on a bus and take off for a month, let alone a year.\" It was later announced on June 25, 2010 that former Shinedown guitarist Jasin Todd had joined the band to replace Yogi Lonich on lead guitar. Lonich returned to the band in January 2011. Jasin Todd left the band on good terms. In March 2011, Brett Scallions started a new band called World Fire Brigade The lineup for World Fire Brigade included all current members of Fuel in addition to Smile Empty Soul vocalist/guitarist Sean Danielsen. The re-formed Fuel performed at The Bamboozle in East Rutherford, New Jersey on May 1, 2011. The band played Bethlehem Musikfest alongside Buckcherry, however Yogi Lonich was not on stage. A friend of Scallions, Martin Estrada, filled in for the show. Brett Scallions announced on his official Facebook page that Yogi Lonich was fired from the band for his lack of commitment or loyalty. Scallions also hinted that there is in fact a new Fuel record in the works and also introduced the band's new lead guitarist, Andy Andersson. The band continued its tour and played new material during their shows. Fuel entered the studio on March 8, 2012 to record their fifth full-length studio album, \"Puppet Strings\". Eddie Wohl, producer of the World Fire Brigade album, produced the new Fuel album. In late September the band re-entered the studio to complete the guitar and bass tracks for the record. As of February 2013 the band was still in the studio finishing off vocal and guitar tracks. Originally planned for a 2012 release the album had been pushed back to a possible mid-2013 release. This marked six years since the band released their previous album Angels & Devils. On April 30, 2013 drummer Ken Schalk announced his departure from the band to spend more time with his family. On that same day Scallions announced new drummer Bryan \"Keelgood\" Keeling. The band, however, kept Schalk's drum tracks, as referenced by Keeling in his first interview since joining the band. On April 30, 2013 Brett Scallions announced that a new Fuel single was targeted for a mid-summer release via download once the \"details have been worked out and handshakes have been made\". On June 26, 2013, Scallions announced that Bryan Keeling was going out on tour with Eric Sardinas in Europe and that Shannon Boone (current drummer for Puddle of Mudd) had joined the band. Scallions also commented on the new album; \"The record has been recorded and is so close to being released for all of you I can taste it. There will be big announcements very soon regarding release dates, singles, videos, and much much more. Take care and we will see you all soon at a venue near you!\" Scallions confirmed that the new album was mixed by Ben Grosse who also collaborated with Fuel on the Something Like Human album. According to Scallions the new album was currently in the mastering stage of production. It was announced through Guitar World on December 5, 2013 that the album indeed titled, \"Puppet Strings\", would be released March 4, 2014. The song, \"Yeah!\" was released for free download on the website as well, although it was believed to be the first single, Scallions stated that it is not the first single, but rather a \"teaser.\" The first single, \"Soul To Preach To\" was released late January 2014. In May 2015 as Fuel geared up to join Everclear on their Summerland Tour, ex-Filter bass player Phil Buckman temporarily replaced Brad Stewart, with Stewart himself filling in for the band Saliva. Although Brad stated he was scheduled to re-join Fuel on June 9, the temporary switch proved to be permanent with Stewart continuing his new role in Saliva, as did Buckman with Fuel. In September Brett Scallions began working on material for a sixth album. The band took part in the Make America Rock Again tour in mid- to late 2016. Brett Scallions has made many posts on Facebook and Instagram of him working in the studio on the new Fuel record. Scallions commented in one of the photos that the sixth album will be out on Spring or Summer of 2017, but has possibly been delayed to early 2018. The band toured in August and September in 2017 and will tour Australia and New Zealand in December 2017. Scallions has said that Fuel will tour in 2018 playing its first album in its entirety marking its 20th anniversary year. Current members Touring musicians Timeline Fuel (band) Fuel is an American rock band formed by guitarist/songwriter Carl Bell and bassist Jeff Abercrombie in 1994. They are known for their hit songs \"Shimmer\" from \"Sunburn\", \"Hemorrhage (In My Hands)\" and \"Bad Day\" from \"Something Like Human\", and \"Falls on Me\" from \"Natural Selection\"."
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"Goal! (film series) The \"Goal!\" trilogy is a series of football films directed by Danny Cannon, Jaume Collet-Serra and Andrew Morahan. The first film, \"Goal!\", was released in 2005, and the second film, \"\", was released in 2007. The third and final part, \"\", was released in 2009. Santiago Muñez (Kuno Becker), a skilled association football player, is the son of a gardener and lives in the Barrio section of Los Angeles, having illegally entered the United States from Mexico ten years earlier. Besides gardening with his father, he works as a busboy in a Chinese restaurant whose ultimate dream is to play football professionally. One day his skills are noticed by Glen Foy (Stephen Dillane), a former Newcastle player and scout who works as a car mechanic. Glen manages to get him a tryout with Newcastle United, which has recently signed a new player named Gavin Harris (Alessandro Nivola). Glen warmly welcomes Santiago to his home and takes him to a tryout. Unfortunately, Santiago is unused to playing in the English style and plays poorly. Glen convinces the team manager that Santi needs a month's trial to show his full potential. Santiago does not reveal to the club nurse, Roz Harmison (Anna Friel), that he has asthma. After a month a jealous teammate crushes Santi's inhaler just before his first reserve game. An asthma flair prevents Santi from being able to run hard, and his coach decides to let him go. His teammate Harris discovers what happened in the reserve game and makes Santiago explain it to the manager. The manager allows Santi to stay, provided he gets treatment for his asthma. Santi manages to get a contract for the Reserves team and moves in with Gavin. Finally, he makes it onto the first team as a substitute in a match against Fulham. Back in Los Angeles, Santi's father dies of a heart attack. Devastated, Santi plans to return home. While in the airport waiting for his flight back to Los Angeles, he decides not to return. On match day, Harris puts Newcastle into the lead. Before half-time, Liverpool makes a comeback with two goals. In the dying minutes of injury time, Santi assists Harris in scoring the equaliser by finally passing the ball to him, to make it 2–2. Minutes before the end of the game, Santiago scores, and Newcastle win 3–2 and earning Newcastle a place in next season's UEFA Champions League. The film starts at the beginning of the 2005–06 season. Barcelona defeat Real Madrid and Gavin Harris is misfiring, having failed to score in 14 matches since signing for Real from Newcastle United for £5 million. Back in England, Santiago is continuing to impress at Newcastle, which sparks the interest of Real Madrid, and Glen draws out a move to the Spanish giants for Santi, with Michael Owen going to Newcastle as an exchange deal. Roz soon has to head home to carry on her studies. Santi continues to impress at Real, and the manager and director of football are seen arguing over whether he should start. However, life becomes complicated for Santi when his half-brother Enrique learns of his relation to Santi and shows him a picture of his mother. Enrique learns of this and goes to tell Santi, but Santi freaks out and drives off. Santi makes his first start in a home game against Valencia CF and he is sent off after five minutes. Things get worse for Santi as he misses the team airplane for the game against Rosenborg, and he then starts falling out with Roz as he becomes more selfish and arrogant. He sacks his agent Glen Foy, who had given him a chance in football. Santi gets injured while playing football with Gavin at home and his coach bans him from returning home for Christmas. Roz begins to think that Santiago is cheating on her. For New Year's Eve, Gavin organizes a party to which Jordana García is invited. Jordana and Santi share a kiss, and the next scene shows Santiago telling Gavin that nothing happened between him and Jordana. Little did Santi know that a snoopy cameraman snapped a pic of them, and he published it in a tabloid. Roz is shocked and refuses to call back Santi. Enrique and Santi encounter each other again, and Santiago gives Enrique a ride home. Frustrated that his mother will not allow him to be a part of Santi's life, Enrique follows Santi to a bar and steals his Lamborghini. Santi jumps in a taxi and orders the cab to pursue the car. Enrique crashes the car and Santi is interviewed by the police at the hospital where Enrique has been treated. Santi lies to the police in order to protect Enrique. At the same time, the same snoopy cameraman follows Santi and Enrique to the crash site and the hospital. He takes a picture of Santi with the police, and Santi freaks out on the cameraman, assaulting him and breaking his camera. Santi is arrested, so he calls Glen for help, but after recently firing him, Glen is in no mood to help him. Santi gets out of jail, and he finally decides that enough is enough with his mommy problems. Santi finally finds his mother and they talk over what happened where his mom reveals she ran away because a man and Santi's uncle attacked her. Having qualified for the Champions League final, Santi phones Roz and apologizes for his behaviour. It is revealed that Roz is pregnant with their child. Real Madrid play Arsenal in the final and are trailing 1–0 at half time. Santi is brought on to play behind Gavin. Arsenal score again through Thierry Henry. Real concede a second penalty. However, Arsenal miss the penalty and Gavin pulls one back. Santi hits the bar before scoring during injury time. With seconds to go, Santi wins a free kick. Beckham scores the free kick to win the Champions League. In the third installment of the football drama trilogy \"Goal!\", Kuno Becker returns as Mexican footballer Santiago Munez, who, along with his best friends and England national team players Charlie Braithwaite (Leo Gregory) and Liam Adams (JJ Feild), are selected for their respective national teams at the 2006 FIFA World Cup Finals in Germany. This time round, Munez is not the main character of the film (he has very little screen time) with that role going to Liam Adams and Charlie Braithwaite. However, as the three attend the shooting of a film Braithwaite is featured in, tragedy befalls them. All three best friends and Braithwaite's new love interest and soon to be fiancée Sophia Tardelli (played by Kasia Smutniak) suffer a car accident which puts Munez out of contention through injuries. Meanwhile, Liam Adams discovers to his horror that he has a new daughter, Bella, from former love interest June (played by Anya Lahiri). This only adds to Liam's preexisting alcoholism and release from Real Madrid. It is revealed that Munez is set to return to England as a Tottenham Hotspur player under a two-year contract, along with Adams, who re-signs from Newcastle United, the original club of both ex-Real players. The film goes on to depict the World Cup from the English perspective. Liam scores against Sweden (2–2), assisted by a header from Charlie, and England qualify for the knock-out stages. However, in the match against Ecuador, Braithwaite is injured, and later collapses in the changing room. Braithwaite is rushed to hospital, and dies on the way from an aneurysm (from the car accident). Italy beat France on penalties in the final to take home the crown of champions of the world. England crash out of the quarter-finals against Portugal as Adams misses a crucial penalty against Portuguese keeper Ricardo while Cristiano Ronaldo converts. Despite the loss, the movie ends on a high note. Goal! (film series) The \"Goal!\" trilogy is a series of football films directed by Danny Cannon, Jaume Collet-Serra and Andrew Morahan. The first film, \"Goal!\", was released in 2005, and the second film, \"\", was released in 2007. The third and final part, \"\", was released in 2009. Santiago Muñez (Kuno Becker), a skilled association football player, is the son of a gardener and lives in the Barrio section of Los Angeles, having",
"and dies on the way from an aneurysm (from the car accident). Italy beat France on penalties in the final to take home the crown of champions of the world. England crash out of the quarter-finals against Portugal as Adams misses a crucial penalty against Portuguese keeper Ricardo while Cristiano Ronaldo converts. Despite the loss, the movie ends on a high note. Goal! (film series) The \"Goal!\" trilogy is a series of football films directed by Danny Cannon, Jaume Collet-Serra and Andrew Morahan. The first film, \"Goal!\", was released in 2005, and the second film, \"\", was released in 2007. The third and final part, \"\", was released in 2009. Santiago Muñez (Kuno Becker), a skilled association football player, is the son of a gardener and lives in the Barrio section of Los Angeles, having illegally entered the United States from Mexico ten years earlier. Besides gardening with his father, he works as"
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"Wagons (band) Wagons are an Australian alt-country band from Melbourne, Australia, led by singer/songwriter/television and radio presenter Henry Wagons. The band was formed in Melbourne in 1999 by Henry Wagons with his school friends from Glen Waverley in Melbourne; Si \"The Philanthropist\" Francis, Richard Blazé, Steve \"Harmony\" Hassett and Mark \"Tuckerbag\" Dawson. The band has cited influences including Johnny Cash, Scott Walker, Nick Cave and Vegas-era Elvis on their musical style. A regular feature of their live shows is a version of the Wayfaring Strangers song \"Willie Nelson\". They are known for their energetic and dramatic indie country rock performances in which Henry Wagons engages in banter with the audience between songs. Henry Wagons is the grandson of Henry Krips, a Viennese emigree conductor of the South Australian Symphony Orchestra. He was named one of the 100 most influential people in Melbourne by the AGE magazine in 2009. Prior to forming the band, Henry (as Henry Krips), was synthesizer player in a Melbourne improvisational quartet called Dworzec. Wagons released their first EP in 2000. In 11 March 2002 they released their debut album \"Trying To Get Home\" on Chapter Music. In 26 July 2004, they released \"Draw Blood\" on Spunk Records. \"The Curse of Lightning\" was released on 15 October 2007 on Spunk Records. \"The Rise and Fall of Goodtow\"n was released on 21 April 2009 on Spunk Records. The album was produced by Cornel Wilczek. In 2009 they won The Age EG Best Band and Best Album awards. \"Rumble Shake and Tumble\" was released on 16 August 2011 on Spunk Records, and was again produced by Cornel Wilczek. Wagons toured in the USA and Canada appearing at the Bumbershoot festival in Seattle in September 2011. They won The Age EG awards for Best Band, and the Best Album award for \"Rumble Shake and Tumble\". The album also won the Best Independent Country Album award in the Jägermeister Independent Music Awards 2011. Wagons performed in the USA and appeared at SXSW in March 2011. \"Acid Rain and Sugar Cane\" was released on 16 May 2014 on Spunk Records. The album was produced by Mick Harvey of the Bad Seeds, who also played on the album. Wagons again toured North America in 2014 appearing at festivals including the Vancouver Folk Festival, Montreal Jazz Festival, and RBC Ottawa Bluesfest. Wagons have toured extensively in Australia as well as in New Zealand, the USA and Canada, appearing at music festivals including SXSW, Bumbershoot, Montreal Jazz Festival, Bluesfest, Big Day Out and Laneway. Wagons (band) Wagons are an Australian alt-country band from Melbourne, Australia, led by singer/songwriter/television and radio presenter Henry Wagons. The band was formed in Melbourne in 1999 by Henry Wagons with his school friends from Glen Waverley in Melbourne; Si \"The Philanthropist\" Francis, Richard Blazé, Steve \"Harmony\" Hassett and Mark \"Tuckerbag\" Dawson. The band has cited influences including Johnny Cash, Scott Walker, Nick Cave and Vegas-era Elvis on their musical style. A regular feature of their live shows is a version"
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"Roger Repoz Roger Allen Repoz (born August 3, 1940) is an American former professional baseball player. He played for nine seasons as an Outfielder in Major League Baseball for the New York Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, and California Angels. He also played five seasons in the Nippon Professional Baseball league in Japan for the Taiheiyo Club Lions and Yakult Swallows. Repoz was born in Bellingham, Washington. In 1971, he became the first player in Major League Baseball history to compile an OPS of greater than .700 while putting up a batting average of under .200 and playing in a minimum of 100 games. Roger Repoz Roger Allen Repoz (born August 3, 1940) is an American former professional baseball player. He played for nine seasons as an Outfielder in Major League Baseball for the New York Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, and California Angels. He also played five seasons in the Nippon Professional Baseball league in Japan for the Taiheiyo Club Lions and Yakult Swallows. Repoz was born in Bellingham, Washington. In 1971, he became the first player in Major League Baseball history to compile an OPS of greater than .700 while putting up a batting average of under .200 and playing"
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"retrieved": [
"Barton Lynch Barton Lynch (born August 9, 1963) is an Australian former surfer known for his competitive prowess and style. In 1988, he was crowned ASP World Tour Champion. He also won the 1991 Rip Curl Pro. In 1998, he was inducted into the Australian Surfing Hall of Fame, and in 2000, he was inducted into the Australian Sporting Hall of Fame. Lynch was born in Manly, New South Wales on August 9, 1963 and was raised in the nearby Sydney suburb of Whale Beach. The son of a policeman, he started surfing when he was 8 years old. He quickly mastered the tricky, powerful sandbars, which proved to be a training ground for the world stage; the same waves nourished the talents of Stuart Entwistle, Layne Beachley and Pam Burridge. Lynch emerged from the beachbreak of Manly with a flexible and gymnastic style and unflappable competitive drive that helped him to a successful junior career, including victories in the Pro Junior, the JJJ Junior and the ASPA ratings. He refined his competitive act into a fluid routine of vertical maneuvers that brought him immediate success on the ASP World Tour. He spent 13 consecutive years in the top 16, earning a reputation as a brilliant tactical competitor as well as a forthright and articulate spokesman for the sport. His greatest competitive moment came in Hawaii, where he won both the 1988 Billabong Pro and the 1988 ASP World Tour title. Over the course of his 15-year pro career, Lynch would place in the top 4 a total of 8 times, win 17 world tour events (which included the Op Pro and Rip Curl Pro). In 1993, Lynch won the highly competitive ranks of the World Qualifying Series Tour, and in 1995, at the age of 32 won the Rio Surf Pro. Lynch remained competitive until his retirement in 1998. After retiring, he added big wave tow surfing to his repertoire. In 2006, he teamed up with former rival Tom Carroll to tow an historically massive swell that hit Sydney. He created the Surfers Group (a multi-faceted consultancy firm) and was chosen to coach Team Australia for the ISA Surfing Games. In explaining his experience prior to coaching the Games, Lynch said, \"I love coaching young Aussies and trying to inject the passion I have to maintain our position as the premiere surfing nation\". Lynch currently works as an analyst on the commentary team for the World Surf League Championship Tour coverage. He currently lives in the Sydney suburb of Avalon with his wife Holly. He also organizes BL's Blast Off (a pre-junior's surf event held at Sydney's Palm Beach). Barton Lynch Barton Lynch (born August 9, 1963) is an Australian former surfer known for his competitive prowess and style. In 1988, he was crowned ASP World Tour Champion. He also won the 1991 Rip Curl Pro. In 1998, he was inducted into the Australian Surfing Hall of Fame, and in 2000, he was inducted into the Australian Sporting Hall"
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"retrieved": [
"University of Kashan The University of Kashan, is located in the city of Kashan, Iran, 230 kilometers south of the capital Tehran. This institute activlely educates more than 7,000 students in many different fields including engineering, physics, mathematics, chemistry, art, and humanities. University of Kashan was Founded in 1974, and is the oldest institution of higher education in Kashan. At the time of its foundation, only undergraduate courses in Physics and Mathematics were offered. The current activities of the university are classified into four sections of education, research, development, and side activities. The university is located on a 530 hectares campus, 15 kilometer outside of the town with several affiliated centers located near or at city of Kashan, Ghamsar, Niasar and Tehran. Presently, the university has nearly 300 staff and university lecturers and it has about 8200 students, studying in over 180 courses, %40 of them are in Postgraduate studies (PhD and MSc) of which 60% are female students. University of Kashan has 13 faculties which include: Mathematics, Physics, Humanities, Literature and Foreign Languages, Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Art and Architecture, E-learning, Natural Resources and Earth Sciences. Each faculty has its own specialized library. Accommodating about 7600 students in 50 disciplines of undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels and having about 175 full-time faculty members. The chemistry department was founded in 1979 at the undergraduate level and has admitted MSc students since 1993 and PhD students since 2004 in Organic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Inorganic Chemistry programs. Also, Applied Chemistry is one of the programs for BSc and MSc students. In 2009, Department of Chemistry became Faculty of Chemistry. In 2011, Department of Biotechnology joined this faculty. 32 faculty members and 4 teaching experts are responsible for teaching and research in the Faculty of Chemistry. This faculty has more than 800 students in three undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate degrees. The Faculty of Engineering of University of Kashan was founded in 1994 at Faculty of Engineering of Yasrebi building. In 2009, with further development of the faculty, its location was transferred to University of Kashan campus complex. Currently, the Faculty of Engineering is active with five departments: chemical engineering, mining engineering, civil engineering, materials and metallurgy engineering, and industrial engineering. At the moment, Department of Chemical Engineering and Mining Engineering admit students in 3 levels of undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate studies; Department of Civil Engineering and Material and Metallurgy admit students in undergraduate and graduate levels. Also, the Department of Industrial Engineering admit students at undergraduate level only. The history of this faculty dates back to 1988 when the first group of Persian Teaching students of Persian Language and Literature were admitted in University of Kashan (the Excellent school of science of that year). Gradually, with the formation of the Faculty of Humanities, with its variety of disciplines, Faculty of Literature and Foreign Languages was considered one of them. In 2011, Faculty of Literature and Foreign Languages with vice-presidents of education and research and six departments (Persian Language and Literature, Arabic Language and Literature, Quran and Hadith Studies, English Language and Literature, Religions and Philosophy, and Islamic Theology) become independent from Faculty of Humanities. Faculty of Natural Resources and Geoscience of University of Kashan started its activities in September 2009 in MA and PhD and has been active in watershed management, desertification, ecotourism, and geography in MA and watershed and desertification in PhD programs. The research institutes are as follows: University of Kashan is one of the university in Iran in which students are able to study for M.S./Ph.D in Nanotechnology. So, it was necessary a research center to be instituted named Institute of Nano science and Nanotechnology where we could give more information about the city to those who are interested to study and know more about Kashan. Now, this Center has some students too. So, University of Kashan can cooperate in this field because it is a unique one in Nanotechnology. University of Kashan The University of Kashan, is located in the city of Kashan, Iran, 230 kilometers south of the capital Tehran. This institute activlely educates more than 7,000 students in many different fields including engineering, physics, mathematics, chemistry, art, and humanities. University of"
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"retrieved": [
"Leo Foley Leo T. Foley (October 25, 1928 – February 5, 2016) was an American politician who was a member of the Minnesota Senate representing District 47, which includes portions of Anoka and Hennepin counties in the northern Twin Cities metropolitan area. A Democrat, he was first elected to the Senate in 1996, and was re-elected in 2000, 2002 and 2006. Prior to the 2002 legislative redistricting, the area was known as District 49. He was unseated by Republican Benjamin Kruse in the 2010 general election. Foley was a member of the Senate's Capital Investment Committee, the Finance Committee, and the Judiciary Committee. He also served on the Finance subcommittees for the Judiciary Budget Division (which he chaired), and for the Public Safety Budget Division. His special legislative concerns included education, health care, crime prevention, the environment, transportation, and social services. Foley worked as a laborer for the Great Northern Railway from 1946 to 1947, then joined the United States Navy from 1947 to 1952, serving in the Korean War. He was a security officer at the Twin City Arsenal from 1952 to 1954, then became a member of the Minnesota State Patrol from 1954 to 1987. He attended the University of Minnesota and Metropolitan State University, earning his B.A. in public administration in 1974. He later attended Northwestern University and Minnesota State University, Mankato, earning a M.A. in public administration in 1979. After retiring from the Minnesota State Patrol as a major in 1987, Foley worked as security manager for Unisys Corporation from 1987 to 1990. He was a deputy sheriff with the Anoka County Sheriff's Department from 1990 to 1992, then worked as a law clerk with the Anoka County Attorney's Office while earning his J.D. degree from William Mitchell College of Law in Saint Paul, which he received in 1994. From 1994 onwards he was an assistant county attorney for Anoka County. Foley was active on government and community-based boards through the years. He chaired and was a member of the City of Anoka's Planning Commission from 1977 to 1997. He chaired and was a member of the Anoka Human Rights Commission from 1970 to 1996. He served as president of the Ramsey County Chiefs of Police organization, and was a member of the Minnesota State Advisory Council on Mental Health. He was a member of the American Bar Association and the Minnesota State Bar Association. Foley died on February 5, 2016 in Coon Rapids, Minnesota. Leo Foley Leo T. Foley (October 25, 1928 – February 5, 2016) was an American politician who was a member of the Minnesota Senate representing District 47, which includes portions of Anoka and Hennepin counties in the northern Twin Cities metropolitan area. A Democrat, he was first elected to the Senate in 1996, and was re-elected in 2000, 2002 and 2006. Prior to the 2002 legislative redistricting, the area was known as District 49. He was unseated by Republican Benjamin Kruse in the 2010 general election. Foley was a member of"
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"Of Freaks and Men Of Freaks and Men () is a 1998 Russian film directed by Alexei Balabanov. Filmed initially in black and white, then entirely in sepia tone, this film set in turn of the century Russia is centered on two families and their decline at the hands of one man, Johann, and his pornographic endeavours. Hailed by some as a masterpiece, the movie comments on the decline of Russian society as a result of the rise of capitalism. The soundtrack is taken from Prokofiev's ballet, Romeo and Juliet; and Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition. At the 1998 Russian Guild of Film Critics Awards the picture was awarded the prizes for \"Best Director\" (Alexei Balabanov), \"Best Director of Photography\" (Sergei Astakhov), \"Best Art Direction\" (Vera Zelinskaya), \"Best Male Actor\" (Sergei Makovetsky) and \"Best Supporting Actor\" (Maxim Sukhanov). At the Nika Awards the film received the prizes for \"Best Film\" and \"Best Director\" (Alexei Balabanov). Of Freaks and Men Of Freaks and Men () is a 1998 Russian film directed by Alexei Balabanov. Filmed initially in black and white, then entirely in sepia tone, this film set in turn of the century Russia is centered on two families and their"
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"Kim Nam-gil Kim Nam-gil (; born March 13, 1981) is a South Korean actor, producer, singer and philanthropist. He is best known from leading roles in disaster blockbuster \"Pandora\" (2016); crime thriller \"The Shameless\" (2015); adventure film \"The Pirates\" (2014) and period drama \"Portrait of a Beauty\" (2008). His breakthrough role was Bidam in the hit television period drama \"Queen Seondeok\" (2009). Kim is also the founder and CEO of a non-profit organization \"Gilstory\" that focuses on preserving cultural heritage, promoting arts and raising special purpose relief funds. Kim Nam-gil began his acting career on television with a minor role in the 1999 KBS youth drama \"School 1\". Four years later, he won the 2003 Talent Audition conducted annually by MBC, and appeared in various minor roles on the network's shows, such as \"Be Strong, Geum-soon!\". During this time, he was using the stage name Lee Han, which he made up to give himself a more sophisticated image (The name Nam-gil is considered to be somewhat old fashioned). In the following years he took on more supporting roles in television dramas, among them \"Goodbye Solo\", \"Lovers\", and \"When Spring Comes\". In 2009, Kim was cast as one of the supporting characters in the historical drama \"Queen Seondeok\", in a role that would soon change his life. It became one of the highest-rated TV series of that year (reaching a peak of over 40%), and Kim became a household name and the series' breakout star. For his portrayal of the playful but tragic Bidam, Kim said he was inspired by comic book characters such as Han Bi-kwang in \"Ruler of the Land\", Miyamoto Musashi in \"Vagabond\", and Kang Baek-ho in \"Slam Dunk\". The writers rewrote the script to respond to Bidam's popularity with the viewing audience, giving the character more screen time and emphasizing his romance with the titular Seondeok (despite the incredible historical inaccuracy), until there were two main male leads in the series. A horse-riding-related injury on set, and a brief hospitalization due to H1N1 flu, were minor negatives compared to the impact the series had on Kim's career. He won several awards for his performance, gained more local and international fans, received advertisement offers, and was flooded with film and TV scripts. In 2010 he played an antihero lead role in \"Bad Guy\", a dark melodrama about revenge, ambition, and fatal love. But while still in the middle of filming, Kim received his draft notice for mandatory military service. He tried to ask for deferment in order to wrap up the shoot for the series, but it was not granted. Kim shot as much as he could (his scenes were reduced, and a body double was also used) then entered the army two days later on July 15, 2010. He received four weeks of basic training at Nonsan, and served for two years as a public service worker. In 2013 Kim starred in the revenge TV series \"Shark\" (also known as \"Don't Look Back\"), from the makers of \"Resurrection\" and \"The Devil\". In 2017 he starred in the time-slip medical drama \"Live Up to Your Name\". In 2019 he will headline the comedy crime drama \"The Fiery Priest\". Kim Nam-gil debuted on the big-screen in 2004 gangster movie \"Low life\". In 2006, he made the bold decision to portray a homosexual character in the controversial queer indie \"No Regret\" in a role which included several gay sex scenes. The film was critically praised and traveled the film festival circuit, being shown among others in the Panorama section of the 57th Berlin Film Festival. e then was cast in 2008's \"Public Enemy Returns\", where he could work with the actor Jung Jae-young. Kim had stated in interviews that Jung Jae-young, who attended the same high school he did, had been his role model as an actor. Upon the influence of the film's director Kang Woo-suk (but against the advice of his agent and manager), Kim stopped using the stage name Lee Han and reverted to his birth name. Later that year, Kim played his first leading role in a major commercial film, \"Portrait of a Beauty\". Though his co-star Kim Min-sun garnered most of the attention for the erotic costume drama, Kim's strong performance did not go unnoticed. Another side benefit of Kim's popularity resulting from the \"Seondeok\" was the theatrical release in 2010 of his indie \"Lovers Vanished\", a relationship drama which the director described as a \"Korean \"Leaving Las Vegas\".\" Following his discharge from the army in 2012, Kim produced the film \"Ensemble\", a music mockumentary about a group of classical musicians who form a group and take to the streets to perform outside their usual concert halls, showing their youthful passion in making music accessible. It premiered at the Jecheon International Music & Film Festival. He was also one of four celebrities in 2013 who directed a short film using smartphone Samsung Galaxy S4 with the theme \"Meet a Life Companion\"; his short \"Hello, Mom\" depicted the love between a mother and her daughter, and evoked the warm feeling of an analog film. This was followed by the 2014 period adventure film \"The Pirates\", which reunited him with \"Shark\" costar Son Ye-jin. He next starred opposite award-winning actress Jeon Do-yeon in the 2015 thriller \"The Shameless\"; Kim played a detective who falls for the girlfriend of the murderer he is investigating. \"The Shameless\" had its world premiere at 2015 Cannes Film Festival in the Un Certain Regard section. Kim was next cast as powerful nobleman Heungseon Daewongun whose concubine takes up pansori in the period film \"The Sound of a Flower\". In 2016 Kim starred in disaster blockbuster \"Pandora\" portraying the aftermath of an explosion in a nuclear plant. \"Pandora\" premiered internationally at the International Film Festival and Awards Macao, receiving standing ovation. In 2017 Kim starred in the action thriller \"Memoir of a Murderer\" and romance drama film \"One Day\". Kim is set to star next in the comedy film \"Strange Family\". In 2012 Kim published a book titled \"Way Back to the Road\", his memoir of the past two years, which contained photos had taken himself. It also featured New Zealand scenery captured by photographer Cho Nam-ryong, and contributions from writer Lee Yoon-chul. In July 2013 he released his debut single in Japan. The title track is a cover of Kōji Tamaki's \"Roman,\" and the single also included Kim's two songs from the \"Queen Seondeok\" soundtrack. Kim Nam-gil Kim Nam-gil (; born March 13, 1981) is a South Korean actor, producer, singer and philanthropist. He is best known from leading roles in disaster blockbuster"
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"Gold sink Gold sink is an economic process by which a video game's ingame currency ('gold'), or any item that can be valued against it, is removed. This process is comparable to financial repression in real economies. Most commonly the genres are role-playing game or massively multiplayer online game. The term is comparable to timesink, but usually used in reference to game design and balance, commonly to reduce inflation when commodities and wealth are continually fed to players through sources such as quests, looting monsters, or minigames. The economy of such games typically involves players gathering gold from playing the game, which they then use to purchase items or services, or trade with other players. Gold sinks serve to decrease the total amount of gold players have, since without sinks, there will be inflation. Gold sinks are commonly called drains or gold drains. They can also be associated with item drains. For example, in Ultima Online, items that were placed on the ground would be gathered by the server. This form is referred to as decay or garbage collection. Economies in virtual worlds operate very differently from those in the real world. Passive gold sinks may be in operation at all times to slowly extract value from the game. Players are usually more willing to accept this method of sinking. Passive sinks would be item degradation, consistent taxes, or decay. Active sinks are aggressive actions by the programmers to remove excessive value. These can be changes in the severity of the passive sinks, such as higher taxes or faster decay. But more effectively, an active sink can be the selling of unique items whose intrinsic values are much lower than the selling price sold by NPC vendors. Zack Booth Simpson cites one example in \"Ultima Online\" when the NPC vendors carried blue tinted armor that couldn't be made by players. Blue armor prices could be much higher, but decayed and degraded just like any other piece of armor. Another improvement to active sinking is to couple it to a feedback control system. Such systems can be designed to maintain a set of prices or asset ratios, and if properly set up can add a great deal of price stability to a virtual economy; one example of this can be found in the MMO MUD \"Alter Aeon\". The feedback control system used in Alter Aeon works by tracking the total amount of money in the game in order to dynamically adjust drop rates and shop prices. Players with more than 1 million in currency are taxed for 2% of the money they own over that limit. This keeps the economy permanently stable. The peaks in the total amount of in-game currency do not vary more than 10% in a time period of 2 years. Depending on how resources are created and where resources go once destroyed, gold sinks are classified differently. There are two major types of resource management: linked and unlinked. Several aspects can be linked while others can be unlinked. Linked resource flow means that the head is connected to the tail. All things have a resource intrinsic value. A deer may be worth three pieces of meat and two yards of leather. A sword can be worth three units of iron. When a resource such as a sword is destroyed through garbage collection, those three units of iron will go back into the mines of the virtual world for extraction. This is essentially no different from melting the sword down for the raw metal. A few steps of procurement are skipped, but essentially it's the same. A strong linked system would have a governing equation for NPC vendors to follow. NPCs would be restricted to craft with the resources they have in stock. Player character Jake could sell the town vendor a sword for 10 gold. If Jake wanted to purchase gauntlets (let us assume gauntlets have a resource value of two units of iron), he could for 12 gold. The town vendor has made a 2 gold and 1 unit of iron profit off the transaction. Should another player character want to purchase something, the new character could only buy items that have a 1 unit of iron resource value or he could sell an item, let us say 1 leather and 1 iron, to now be able to purchase items that have a resource value equal to or less than 2 units of iron and 1 unit of leather. To be a total linked system, NPCs would be programmed to break even or make small profits. Some virtual worlds may opt to leave NPCs unrestricted as to how much money they give out. The intended purpose of gold sinks is to remove currency from the game, as excess currency leads to inflation of player driven prices. Game designers must balance between scarcity of currency and ease of acquiring currency. Greater methods of currency spending can be implemented when players accumulate more wealth than intended. One example is Ultima Online; after the Renaissance expansion, players could earn money without fear of loss, due to the implementation of non-player versus player areas. As currency entered the economy at a greater pace, new \"luxury\" items were sold at high prices for the purpose of reducing large sums of money. In \"Kingdom of Loathing\", the massive acquisition of \"meat\" (the currency of the game) through exploitation of bugs led to the implementation of new high priced items that gave no in-game benefits (simply rare collectibles) to the player to eliminate excess currency. In \"RuneScape\", the Construction skill can be seen as a gold sink. This skill allows players to spend money on building a house. This way, money is taken out of the game, without players obtaining any tradeable items. Other forms of gold sinks include: Gold sink Gold sink is an economic process by which a video game's ingame currency ('gold'), or any item that can be valued against it, is removed. This process is comparable to financial repression"
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"Sam Sing Kung Temple Sam Sing Kung Temple (also known as the Three Saints Temple) is a Chinese temple in Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia. Built in 1887, the temple is the third oldest temple in Sandakan, after Goddess of Mercy Temple and Tam Kung Temple. It is part of the Sandakan Heritage Trail. The temple was built in 1887, and has undergone several recent renovations. The temple was originally established as a religious centre for Chinese migrants who had arrived from Guangdong, Qing Dynasty. It was built by Chinese communities of Cantonese, Teochew, Hakkas and the Hainanese people. The temple are also called as \"Three Saints Temple\" with the three saints refers to: The temple is known as a place for Chinese devotees to come for blessing and divination. The temple has a collection of 100 pre-printed Taoist Divination Poems. Its bronze bell was donated by the first Kapitan Cina of Sandakan, known as Fung Ming Shan. Ming Shan was appointed by the British rulers in 1887 to manage and oversee the Chinese community in the town. Sam Sing Kung Temple Sam Sing Kung Temple (also known as the Three Saints Temple) is a Chinese temple in Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia. Built"
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"Krasnoyarsk Railway Krasnoyarsk Railway () is a subsidiary of the Russian Railways headquartered in Krasnoyarsk and serving the south of Siberia. Its mainline is a link in the Trans-Siberian Railway crossing the Krasnoyarsk Krai and Khakassia. It is wedged between the West Siberian Railway (to the west) and East Siberian Railway (to the east). Its length is estimated at 3157,9 km (as of 2009). Regular traffic on the road between Novonikolaevsk (now Novosibirsk) and Krasnoyarsk opened in 1898, between Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk in 1899 after the completion of the construction of the largest railway bridge in Asia over the Yenisei. In the period from January 1904 to October 1905 Siberian railway played a big role in providing military transportation during the Russo-Japanese war. In 1926 built the line Achinsk – Abakan (Achinsk-Minusinsk railway). In 1949 began the construction of the line Novokuznetsk – Abakan, in 1950, began construction of the station Abaza. In the 1960s to build Achinsk – Lesosibirsk, Red Hill – Kiya-Salter, Kamusta – Sayano-Shushenskaya power station. In 1965, completed the construction of the line Abakan – Taishet branch Uyar – Sayan. In the 1970s the line was built resota – Karabula. Krasnoyarsk railway was first formed on 28 February 1936 on the basis of the decision of Council of people's Commissars of the USSR No. 378 of 27 February 1936 G. 9 May 1961, the road was abolished on the basis of the Decree of the USSR Council of Ministers No. 406 dated 6 May 1961 G. In the period 1961–1979, the road was part of the East Siberian Railway. 17 January 1979 road re-allocated from the East Siberian Railway on the basis of the Decree of the USSR Council of Ministers No. 1091 of 28 December 1978 G. 1 October 2003 Krasnoyarsk railway became a part of Russian Railways on the territorial rights of the branch. Krasnoyarsk Railway in 2008 carried 4,099 million passengers in long-distance communication and 12,378 million in the suburban. In 2008 dear transported 68,2 million tons of various cargoes. Basic nomenclature of the goods transported include coal, timber, ore, building materials and bulk cargoes. Today the Krasnoyarsk railway of Russian Railways is 97 structural units: 176 stations, 17 of the track, 6 track machine stations, 10 of signalling and communication, 18 container yards and other production units. 7 December 2004 — the 70th anniversary since the formation of Krasnoyarsk Krai was put into operation a new railway station of the regional center. The decision to build a new station of Krasnoyarsk was adopted in 2003 due to a significant increase in passenger traffic in Krasnoyarsk. The construction of the station and the railway station spent about half a billion rubles. Today Krasnoyarsk train station is considered one of the most beautiful and comfortable in the territory of the Urals. The new building has 16 ticket offices, is 6 more than before. Increased area of the station. Improved service passengers. 4 June 2005, opened a new station square station Krasnoyarsk. The cost of reconstruction of the station square amounted to 170 million rubles. It has increased by a total of fifteen hundred meters (7 to 9 and a half). The unique size makes sculptural composition – the figure of a lion mounted on a 16-meter-high stele. Lion with the sickle and the shovel – the heraldic symbol of Krasnoyarsk. By the way, Krasnoyarsk station square is the only one in the country, decorated with heraldic symbols. According to the Development strategy of Russia in 2010, construction began on the railway in Tuva from Krasnoyarsk to Kyzyl. After completion it is expected to pass this road under the management of the Krasnoyarsk railway. The number of employees on the road to 31 thousand people. Krasnoyarsk Railway Krasnoyarsk Railway () is a subsidiary of the Russian Railways headquartered in Krasnoyarsk and serving the south of Siberia. Its mainline is a link in the Trans-Siberian Railway crossing the Krasnoyarsk Krai and Khakassia. It is wedged between the West Siberian Railway (to the west) and East Siberian Railway (to the east). Its length is estimated at 3157,9 km (as of 2009). Regular traffic on the road between Novonikolaevsk (now Novosibirsk) and Krasnoyarsk opened in 1898, between Krasnoyarsk"
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"Julian Corbett Prize in Naval History The Julian Corbett Prize in Modern Naval History was established in 1924 by Mr. H. E. Corbett in memory of his brother, the great naval historian Sir Julian Corbett (1854-1922). First awarded in 1926, the prize has been offered annually by the University of London for a piece of original research in the field of naval history. The Institute of Historical Research at the University of London describes the prize as 'A prize of the value of £1,000 and known as the Julian Corbett Prize for Research in Modern Naval History, is available annually for award by the Academic Trust Funds Committee, on the recommendation of the Institute of Historical Research, for work not previously published and based on original (Ms. or printed) materials for Modern Naval History'. Julian Corbett Prize in Naval History The Julian Corbett Prize in Modern Naval History was established in 1924 by Mr. H. E. Corbett in memory of his brother, the great naval historian Sir Julian Corbett (1854-1922). First awarded in 1926, the prize has been offered annually by the University of London for a piece of original research in the field of naval history. The Institute of"
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"Commelina orchidophylla Commelina orchidophylla is a monocotyledonous, herbaceous plant in the dayflower family from south-central Africa. This blue-flowered herb has been recorded only from the Haut-Katanga District of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, although at the time of its description it was known only from 3 collections. It is found in woodlands, especially in rocky areas, and on sandstone. The plant's most distinctive feature and the source of its scientific name is its orchid-like pair of broad basal leaves. Other distinctive characteristics include hairy tuberous roots, solitary spathes on long stalks that arise directly from the basal leaves before the development of elongated flowering shoots, dimorphic seeds, and unfused spathes lacking hairs which contain an upper cincinnus that barely emerges. The flowers have never been observed directly and are only partially known from bud dissections. \"Commelina orchidophylla\" was first described in 2009 in the Belgian journal \"Systematics and Geography of Plants\" along with \"Commelina rosulata\" and \"Commelina sphaerorrhizoma\". The species was first collected in 1981. \"Commelina sphaerorhizoma\" is found in south-central Africa and is currently known only from the southeastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, specifically in Haut-Katanga District around the town of Gombela and in the Kundelungu National Park. The plant has been collected only three times between 1981 and 1986. As such, it is considered vulnerable in light of its apparent rarity, as well as its presence in a politically unstable region. It has been found in woodlands, woodland clearings on rocky terrain, and on sandstone. The collections were made between an altitude of 1050 to 1500 meters. Commelina orchidophylla Commelina orchidophylla is a monocotyledonous, herbaceous plant in the dayflower family from south-central Africa. This blue-flowered herb has been recorded only from the Haut-Katanga District of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, although at"
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"David Kaunda Technical High School David Kaunda National Technical Secondary School, also known as DK High School, is a Government Boarding School in Zambia situated in woodlands Prospects Hill or main off Burma Road, along Yotamu Muleya road. The school was initially founded in the year 1934. The school was erected by students and was named after the father to the first republican President of Zambia Reverend David Kaunda who was a missionary and teacher from Nyasaland (now Malawi ). It is rank as the best state owned School in Zambia. David Kaunda National Technical High School was founded in 1934 as Hodgson Training School by the British Colonial Government, with Mr. F. Hodgson as the first principal. It was opened to meet the needs of children of soldiers of the Northern Rhodesia Regiment as a Trades School under the name Hodgson Training School to provide a variety of courses including carpentry, plumbing, brick-laying, metal craft, metal work and leather work. The school's name was changed to David Kaunda Secondary Technical School to offer senior secondary school education up to the 'A' levels in 1965. It was a boys school until 1993, when the school opened its doors to the first girls and has hitherto been a co-education boarding school. In 1995, the first grade 12 girl students graduated. In 1999, the school's name, David Kaunda Secondary Technical School, was changed again to the present David Kaunda national Technical High School. David Kaunda National Technical High School only attracts gifted high performing pupils across Zambia. Successful candidates who are selected to the prestigious school are those who have just completed their Junior secondary school education from all of Zambia's10 provinces. Priority at selection is given to those who wish to pursue studies in science and technical fields such as Engineering and Medicine. David Kaunda Technical High School David Kaunda National Technical Secondary School, also known as DK High School, is a Government Boarding School in Zambia situated in woodlands Prospects Hill or main off Burma Road, along Yotamu Muleya road. The school was initially founded in the year 1934. The school was erected by students and was named after the father to the first republican President of Zambia Reverend David Kaunda who was a missionary and teacher from Nyasaland (now Malawi ). It is rank as the best state owned School in Zambia. David Kaunda National Technical High School was"
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"Ford Mustang FR500 The Ford Racing Mustang FR500 is a highly tuned race variant of the Ford Mustang, featuring a V8 engine. These are turn key race cars not designed for public road use. Each FR500 model is built with a unique Ford Racing number, and not a DOT VIN. Each is built when ordered through Ford Racing. Each FR500 is built by the same plant, in Flat Rock (Michigan), as the standard Mustang. Recently, Ford has announced that it will continue to offer the FR500 models in 2010. The concept vehicle was developed by Dan Davis and the Special Vehicles Team (SVT) at Ford Motor Company. It has top speed of 281.6 km/h (175.0 mph). The car was based on the 1999 SVT Cobra, but did have some changes compared to the base car. The slightly larger than stock (4997 cc) engine was modified by a variable intake head, later available as an aftermarket part called the FR500 cylinder head. The exhaust was a special exhaust which kept the 2.5\" diameter, but had a second crossover in the shape of an X-pipe behind the rear axle just before the exhaust tips. The mufflers had flaps, which opened under high pressure, thus making the exhaust more free flowing. The exhaust was also later sold as an aftermarket part by Ford Racing as the M-5230-M58 kit. Altogether, the engine modifications resulted in a horsepower increase to 415 from the stock 320 in the Cobra engine. The FR500 concept came with a six-speed Tremec T56 transmission as compared to the 1999-standard T45 5 speed. Also, the wheelbase of the car was 5 inches larger than standard, which was due to the fact that the front axle had been moved forward by 5 inches. The car also had 14\" Brembo brake discs with 4 piston calipers at the front end, Lincoln LS calipers with 13\" rotors on the rear, and sported the so-called FR500 18\" wheels, which also became available as an addon later. The FR500 had a special carbon fiber hood and front fascia. The hood was more aerodynamic than the standard Cobra/GT one, and did not feature an open hole between the lights. Instead, the air for cooling and the engine was taken from under the bumper. The car also came with special C-pillar covers, giving a sleeker appearance and changing the shape of the rear windows, close to the shape that was later resurrected for the 2001 Bullit Mustang. The longer wheelbase also mandated special carbon fiber fenders. Finally, as an aerodynamic touch, the side scoops were shaved. Powered by a 5.0L \"Cammer R50\" engine, it delivers . It includes a Tremec T56 6-speed transmission and other race-spec parts including a Grand Am-spec rollcage. It is permitted to be used in the Grand Am Grand Sport (GS) Class. The FR500C can either be obtained as a turnkey costing $125,000 or by modding an existing Mustang GT with specified parts from Ford Racing. It is also known by its nickname \"Boy Racer\", assigned by Ford executives. This model won the manufacturers title in the Koni Challenge racing series in 2005 & 2008. This was after several attempts to slow the car down- such as a rearend gears change and additional weight. Powered by Ford's 4.6L V8 engine, it is rated at 325HP. The FR500S is often slotted in between the FR500C ('Boy Racer') and FR500GT ('Man Racer'). The car was designed by both Ford Racing and Miller Motorsports for the Ford Racing Mustang Challenge series (a racing series founded by Larry Miller). The car features similar aerodynamic parts like those used on the FR500GT, but uses a DOT approved racing tire- BFGoodrich g-Force R1. With the end of the Ford Racing Mustang Challenge, the FR500S has been homologated for competition in the SCCA World Challenge GTS class. Codenamed \"Man Racer\", the 5.0L V8 engine is rated at . This model features all of the features of a full race car, from heavily modified suspension to the large aerodynamic parts (which are effective). It also uses a 5.0L V8 engine built by Roush/Yates... The FR500CJ (Cobra Jet) was released in 2008, and was built to commemorate the 40th Anniversary of Ford winning NHRA Winternationals with 1968 Cobra Jet Mustang. Designed for Drag Strip use, the newer Cobra Jet features a supercharged 5.4L V8 but with the Whipple Blower makes about 900 HP engine with a 6-speed manual or 3-speed automatic transmission, one-piece driveshaft, a single-hoop driveshaft loop, Ford 9 inch rear axle, special rear control arms and anti-roll bar, Ford Racing adjustable dampeners and a drag race spring kit. Engine enhancements include the deletion of the A/C and the addition of a cold air intake, bigger throttle body, a crankshaft dampener and long-tube stainless-steel headers. The car weighs . The Prototype #1 vehicle was sold in 2009 Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale auction for winning bid price of $375,000. A variant based on Mustang FR500C, homologated for GT4 European Cup competition. Essentially the same car as the FR500C, it has a few changes (none are aerodynamic) to make it legal for GT4 competition. Paul's High Performance and Ford Racing built a Salt Flat Racer from a FR500C. This one is powered by Ford GT 5.4L engine fueled by E85 fuel. At the Bonneville Salt Flats this car reached . Homologated for the 2007 season, the Mustang FR500GT is designed to compete in the FIA GT3 European Championship series. The 5.0L V8 engine is rated to produce at 7200 rpm and at 6000 rpm torque. In addition to turn key race cars, Ford Racing also offers parts to convert stock Mustangs into race models. Ford Mustang FR500 The Ford Racing Mustang FR500 is a highly tuned race variant of the Ford Mustang, featuring a V8 engine. These are turn key race cars not designed for public road use. Each FR500 model is built with a unique Ford Racing number, and not a DOT VIN. Each is built when ordered through Ford Racing. Each FR500 is built"
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"Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV (, , ; 14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378), born Wenceslaus, was a King of Bohemia and the first King of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor. He was a member of the House of Luxembourg from his father's side and the Czech House of Přemyslid from his mother's side; he emphasized the latter due to his lifelong affinity for the Czech side of his inheritance, and also because his direct ancestors in the Přemyslid line included two saints. He was the eldest son and heir of King John of Bohemia, who died at the Battle of Crécy on 26 August 1346. His mother, Elizabeth of Bohemia, was the sister of King Wenceslas III, the last of the male Přemyslid rulers of Bohemia. Charles inherited the County of Luxembourg from his father and was elected king of the Kingdom of Bohemia. On 2 September 1347, Charles was crowned King of Bohemia. On 11 July 1346, the prince-electors chose him as King of the Romans (\"rex Romanorum\") in opposition to Emperor Louis IV. Charles was crowned on 26 November 1346 in Bonn. After his opponent died, he was re-elected in 1349 and crowned King of the Romans. In 1355, he was crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor. With his coronation as King of Burgundy in 1365, he became the personal ruler of all the kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire. Charles IV was born to King John of the Luxembourg dynasty and Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia of the Czech Premyslid Dynasty in Prague. He was originally named Wenceslaus (\"Václav\"), the name of his maternal grandfather, King Wenceslaus II. He chose the name Charles at his confirmation in honor of his uncle, King Charles IV of France, at whose court he was resident for seven years. He received French education and was literate and fluent in five languages: Latin, Czech, German, French, and Italian. In 1331, he gained some experience of warfare in Italy with his father. At the beginning of 1333, Charles went to Lucca (Tuscany) to consolidate his rule there. In an effort to defend the city, Charles founded the nearby fortress and the town of Montecarlo (Charles' Mountain). From 1333, he administered the lands of the Bohemian Crown due to his father's frequent absence and deteriorating eyesight. In 1334, Charles was named Margrave of Moravia, the traditional title for heirs to the throne. Two years later, he assumed the government of Tyrol on behalf of his brother, John Henry, and was soon actively involved in a struggle for the possession of this county. On 11 July 1346, in consequence of an alliance between his father and Pope Clement VI, relentless enemy of the emperor Louis IV, Charles was chosen as Roman king in opposition to Louis by some of the prince-electors at Rhens. As he had previously promised to be subservient to Clement, he made extensive concessions to the pope in 1347. Confirming the papacy in the possession of vast territories, he promised to annul the acts of Louis against Clement, to take no part in Italian affairs, and to defend and protect the church. Charles IV was in a very weak position in Germany. Owing to the terms of his election, he was derisively referred to as a \"Priests' King\" (\"Pfaffenkönig\"). Many bishops and nearly all of the Imperial cities remained loyal to Louis the Bavarian. Worse still, Charles backed the wrong side in the Hundred Years' War, losing his father and many of his best knights at the Battle of Crécy in August 1346, with Charles himself escaping from the field wounded. Civil war in Germany was prevented, however, when Louis IV died on 11 October 1347, after suffering a stroke during a bear hunt. In January 1349, House of Wittelsbach partisans attempted to secure the election of Günther von Schwarzburg as king, but he attracted few supporters and died unnoticed and unmourned after a few months. Thereafter, Charles faced no direct threat to his claim to the Imperial throne. Charles initially worked to secure his power base. Bohemia had remained untouched by the plague. Prague became his capital, and he rebuilt the city on the model of Paris, establishing the New Town (\"Nové Město\"). In 1348, he founded the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe. This served as a training ground for bureaucrats and lawyers. Soon Prague emerged as the intellectual and cultural center of Central Europe. Having made good use of the difficulties of his opponents, Charles was again elected in Frankfurt on 17 June 1349 and re-crowned at Aachen on 25 July 1349. He was soon the undisputed ruler of the Empire. Gifts or promises had won the support of the Rhenish and Swabian towns; a marriage alliance secured the friendship of the Habsburgs; and an alliance with Rudolf II of Bavaria, Count Palatine of the Rhine, was obtained when Charles, who had become a widower in 1348, married Rudolph's daughter Anna. In 1350, the king was visited at Prague by the Roman tribune Cola di Rienzo, who urged him to go to Italy, where the poet Petrarch and the citizens of Florence also implored his presence. Turning a deaf ear to these entreaties, Charles kept Cola in prison for a year, and then handed him as a prisoner to Clement at Avignon. Outside Prague, Charles attempted to expand the Bohemian crown lands, using his imperial authority to acquire fiefs in Silesia, the Upper Palatinate, and Franconia. The latter regions comprised \"New Bohemia,\" a string of possessions intended to link Bohemia with the Luxemburg territories in the Rhineland. The Bohemian estates, however, were not willing to support Charles in these ventures. When Charles sought to codify Bohemian law in the Maiestas Carolina of 1355, he met with sharp resistance. After that point, Charles found it expedient to scale back his efforts at centralization. In 1354, Charles crossed the Alps without an army, received the Lombard crown in St. Ambrose Basilica, Milan, on 5 January 1355, and was crowned emperor at Rome by a cardinal in April of the same year. His sole object appears to have been to obtain the Imperial crown in peace, in accordance with a promise previously made to Pope Clement. He only remained in the city for a few hours, in spite of the expressed wishes of the Roman people. Having virtually abandoned all the Imperial rights in Italy, the emperor re-crossed the Alps, pursued by the scornful words of Petrarch, but laden with considerable wealth. On his return, Charles was occupied with the administration of the Empire, then just recovering from the Black Death, and in 1356, he promulgated the famous Golden Bull to regulate the election of the king. Having given Moravia to one brother, John Henry, and erected the county of Luxembourg into a duchy for another, Wenceslaus, he was unremitting in his efforts to secure other territories as compensation and to strengthen the Bohemian monarchy. To this end he purchased part of the upper Palatinate of the Rhine in 1353, and in 1367 annexed Lower Lusatia to Bohemia and bought numerous estates in various parts of Germany. On the death of Meinhard, Duke of Upper Bavaria and Count of Tyrol, in 1363, Upper Bavaria was claimed by the sons of the emperor Louis IV, and Tyrol by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria. Both claims were admitted by Charles on the understanding that if these families died out both territories should pass to the House of Luxembourg. At about the same time, he was promised the succession to the Margravate of Brandenburg, which he actually obtained for his son Wenceslaus in 1373. Casimir III of Poland and Louis I of Hungary entered a conspiracy against Charles and managed to persuade Otto V of Bavaria to join. After the repeal of the estate contract by margrave Otto, in early July 1371, Charles IV declared hostilities and invaded Brandenburg; after two years of conflict the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1373 became part of the Czech lands. He also gained a considerable portion of Silesian territory, partly by inheritance through his third wife, Anna von Schweidnitz,",
"Austria. Both claims were admitted by Charles on the understanding that if these families died out both territories should pass to the House of Luxembourg. At about the same time, he was promised the succession to the Margravate of Brandenburg, which he actually obtained for his son Wenceslaus in 1373. Casimir III of Poland and Louis I of Hungary entered a conspiracy against Charles and managed to persuade Otto V of Bavaria to join. After the repeal of the estate contract by margrave Otto, in early July 1371, Charles IV declared hostilities and invaded Brandenburg; after two years of conflict the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1373 became part of the Czech lands. He also gained a considerable portion of Silesian territory, partly by inheritance through his third wife, Anna von Schweidnitz, daughter of Henry II, Duke of Świdnica and Catherine of Hungary. In 1365, Charles visited Pope Urban V at Avignon and undertook to escort him to Rome; on the same occasion he was crowned King of Burgundy at Arles. His second journey to Italy took place in 1368, when he had a meeting with Pope Urban V at Viterbo, was besieged in his palace at Siena, and left the country before the end of 1369. During his later years, the emperor took little part in German affairs beyond securing the election of his son Wenceslaus as king of the Romans in 1376, and negotiating a peace between the Swabian League of Cities and some nobles in 1378. After dividing his lands between his three sons and his nephews, he died in November 1378 at Prague, where he was buried, and where a statue was erected to his memory in 1848. Charles IV suffered from gout (metabolic arthritis), a painful disease quite common in that time. The reign of Charles IV was characterised by a transformation in the nature of the Empire and is remembered as the Golden Age of Bohemia. He promulgated the Golden Bull of 1356 whereby the succession to the imperial title was laid down, which held for the next four centuries. He also organized the states of the empire into peace-keeping confederations. In these, the Imperial cities figured prominently. The Swabian Landfriede confederation of 1370 was made up almost entirely of Imperial Cities. At the same time, the leagues were organized and led by the crown and its agents. As with the electors, the cities that served in these leagues were given privileges to aid in their efforts to keep the peace. He assured his dominance over the eastern borders of the Empire through succession treaties with the Habsburgs and the purchase of Brandenburg. He also claimed imperial lordship over the crusader states of Prussia and Livonia. Prague became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire during the reign of Charles IV. The name of the royal founder and patron remains on many monuments and institutions, for example Charles University, Charles Bridge, Charles Square. High Gothic Prague Castle and part of the cathedral of Saint Vitus by Peter Parler were also built under his patronage. Finally, the first flowering of manuscript painting in Prague dates from Charles' reign. In the present Czech Republic, he is still regarded as \"Pater Patriae\" (father of the country or \"otec vlasti\"), a title first coined by Adalbertus Ranconis de Ericinio at his funeral. Charles also had strong ties to Nuremberg, staying within its city walls 52 times and thereby strengthening its reputation amongst German cities. Charles was the patron of the Nuremberg Frauenkirche, built between 1352 and 1362 (the architect was likely Peter Parler), where the imperial court worshipped during its stays in Nuremberg. Charles' imperial policy was focused on the dynastic sphere and abandoned the lofty ideal of the Empire as a universal monarchy of Christendom. In 1353, he granted the Duchy of Luxembourg to his half-brother, Wenceslaus. He concentrated his energies chiefly on the economic and intellectual development of Bohemia, where he founded the university in 1348 and encouraged the early humanists. He corresponded with Petrarch and invited him to visit the royal residence in Prague, whilst the Italian hoped — to no avail — to see Charles move his residence to Rome and reawaken tradition of the Roman Empire. Charles' sister Bona married the eldest son of Philip VI of France, the future John II of France, in 1335. Thus, Charles was the maternal uncle of Charles V of France, who solicited his relative's advice at Metz in 1356 during the Parisian Revolt. This family connection was celebrated publicly when Charles made a solemn visit to his nephew in 1378, just months before his death. A detailed account of the occasion, enriched by many splendid miniatures, can be found in Charles V's copy of the \"Grandes Chroniques de France\". Charles was married four times. His first wife was Blanche of Valois, (1316–48), daughter of Charles, Count of Valois, and a half-sister of Philip VI of France. They had three children: He secondly married Anna of Bavaria, (1329–53), daughter of Rudolf II, Duke of Bavaria; they had one son: His third wife was Anna von Schweidnitz, (1339–62), daughter of Henry II, Duke of Świdnica and Katharina of Anjou (daughter of Charles I Robert, King of Hungary), by whom he had three children: His fourth wife was Elizabeth of Pomerania, (1345 or 1347–1393), daughter of Duke Bogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania and Elisabeth of Poland, daughter of Casimir III of Poland. They had six children: Castles built or established by Charles IV. Other places named after Charles: [aged 62] Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV (, , ; 14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378), born Wenceslaus, was a King of Bohemia and the first King of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor. He was a member of the"
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"Roberto Marroquin Roberto Marroquin (born August 21, 1989 in Dallas, Texas) is a Mexican American boxer in the super bantamweight division and he is signed to Bob Arum's Top Rank. During his amateur career Marroquin won silver medals at the 2005 National Junior Olympics, 2006 International Aliyev Cup, 2006 National PAL Championships, a Gold medal at the 2006 National Junior Olympics, and another silver medal at the 2008 U.S. Olympic Team Trials. He also has a win over current Featherweight pospect Gary Russell, Marroquin finished with an impressive record of 165-15. In the under card of Manny Pacquiao vs. Joshua Clottey at Cowboys Stadium, Marroquin beat veteran Samuel Sanchez in the second round by K.O. Roberto Marroquin Roberto Marroquin (born August 21, 1989 in Dallas, Texas) is a Mexican American boxer in the super bantamweight division and he is signed to Bob Arum's Top Rank. During his amateur career Marroquin won silver medals at the 2005 National Junior Olympics, 2006 International Aliyev Cup, 2006 National PAL Championships, a Gold medal at the 2006 National Junior Olympics, and another silver medal at the 2008 U.S. Olympic Team Trials. He also has a win over current Featherweight pospect Gary Russell, Marroquin finished"
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"Victoria Winter Victoria Winter (born July 13, 1984) is a businesswoman, beauty queen, model and television presenter. She was the winner of Miss Earth Australia 2006. Winter grew up in Eastern suburbs, Sydney and completed her schooling at Kincoppal-Rose Bay, School of the Sacred Heart in 2002. Winter undertook French studies at Sorbonne University, Paris, acquiring a diploma of French Language and Culture and Civilisation in 2003. Upon returning to Australia she commenced a law degree and graduated from the University of Canberra with a Bachelor of Laws in 2007. In 2006, Winter won the title of Miss Earth Australia. Victoria Winter Victoria Winter (born July 13, 1984) is a businesswoman, beauty queen, model and television presenter. She was the winner of Miss Earth Australia 2006. Winter grew up in Eastern suburbs, Sydney and completed her schooling at Kincoppal-Rose Bay, School of the Sacred Heart in 2002. Winter undertook French studies at Sorbonne University, Paris, acquiring a diploma of French Language and Culture and Civilisation in 2003. Upon returning to Australia she commenced a law degree and graduated from the University of Canberra with a Bachelor of Laws in 2007. In 2006, Winter won the title of Miss Earth Australia."
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"Cameron's Brewing Company Cameron's Brewing Company is a brewery just outside Toronto in Oakville, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1997, Cameron's produces many different beers including 4 core beers, Cameron's Cream Ale, Cameron's Auburn Ale, Cameron's Lager and Cameron's RPA (Rye Pale Ale). As of 2013, the beers are imported into the United States and available in Ohio, Michigan, New York and Pennsylvania. In Canada, they are only sold in the province of Ontario and are available at the brewery or in the LCBO and The Beer Store. Cameron's was known for selling beer in 9-packs of beer for much of the brewery's first years, now however the brewery sells in traditional 6-packs. Cameron's Brewing Company won 2 medals in the 2007 and 2008 Canadian Brewing Awards. They won 3 in the 2009 Canadian Brewing Awards out of 4 beers submitted. In 2010 added more awards from The U.S. Open Beer Championship (Gold for Lager in the American Lager Category), The Canadian Brewing Awards (Gold for Dark 266 and Bronze for Cream Ale). Cameron's Brewing Company Cameron's Brewing Company is a brewery just outside Toronto in Oakville, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1997, Cameron's produces many different beers including 4 core beers,"
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"Terry Reynolds Terry Reynolds (1947 – 18 October 2007) was a professional rugby league footballer for the Canterbury Bulldogs, Parramatta Eels and for the New South Wales Rugby League team. A or , Reynolds played 47 first grade games for Canterbury, 46 for Parramatta and one match for New South Wales between 1968 and 1975. A brother of Bulldogs first-grader Barry Reynolds, he joined Canterbury in 1966 when the Berries (as they were then known) were building up after a long period in the doldrums to become a major NSWRFL force for the first time since the 1940s. It was 1968 before Terry played first grade, but by the beginning of 1970 he had permanently replaced Ross Kidd as first grade halfback and was established as one of the best in the game and that season he played for New South Wales and later for a World Cup selection trial. However, Reynolds’ speed and skill at halfback was already overshadowed by his flamboyant behaviour on the field – the Berries suspended him because he would not cut his long hair but he had it partly cut and was reinstated, playing with a headband. After further trouble in 1971 – during which season Reynolds had the distinction of potting the first one-point field goal in first grade – it was clear Reynolds would leave the Bulldogs. North Sydney were originally considered likely to secure him, but by October it was clear he would go to Parramatta. Reynolds eventually debuted for the Eels in 1973, but faced competition from John Kolc, Kevin Hogan and latterly former South Sydney star Dennis Pittard. Often playing five-eighth with Kolc at halfback, Reynolds rendered valuable service to the Eels as they struggled in 1973 and 1974, but back at halfback became renowned for working many tryscoring moves down the blindside with lock Quayle as the Eels began their sudden rise to prominence in 1975. Persistent injuries caused him to retire before the 1976 season began. Terry Reynolds Terry Reynolds (1947 – 18 October 2007) was a professional rugby league footballer for the Canterbury Bulldogs, Parramatta Eels and for the New South Wales Rugby League team. A or , Reynolds played 47 first grade games for Canterbury, 46 for Parramatta and one match for New South Wales between 1968 and 1975. A brother of Bulldogs first-grader Barry Reynolds, he joined Canterbury in 1966 when the Berries (as"
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"Jersey Community High School Jersey Community High School is a public high school in Jerseyville, Illinois. It is part of the Jersey Community Unit School District 100. Jersey Community High School has an enrollment of approximately 1,100 students and currently employs 96 teachers and staff members. The present high school building was built during the 2005 school year on an adjacent site. The new facility was opened on January 17, 2006 when the students returned after an extended winter break. Jersey Community High School is a part of the Illinois High School Association, and plays in the Mississippi Valley Conference league. Its athletics director is currently Scott Tonsor. The school has the following athletic programs: The school has the following organizations: Jersey Community High School Jersey Community High School is a public high school in Jerseyville, Illinois. It is part of the Jersey Community Unit School District 100. Jersey Community High School has an enrollment of approximately 1,100 students and currently employs 96 teachers and staff members. The present high school building was built during the 2005 school year on an adjacent site. The new facility was opened on January 17, 2006 when the students returned after an extended winter"
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"1033 Fez massacre In 1033, following their conquest of the city from the Maghrawa tribe, the forces of Tamim, chief of the Zenata Berber Banu Ifran tribe, perpetrated a massacre of Jews in Fez in an anti-Jewish pogrom. The city of Fez in Morocco had been contested between the Zenata Berber tribes of Miknasa, Maghrawa and Banu Ifran for the previous half century, in the aftermath of the fall of the Idrisid dynasty. Tamim's forces killed over six thousand Jews, appropriated their belongings, and captured the Jewish women of the city. The killings took place in the month of Jumaada al-Akhir 424 AH (May–June 1033 AD). The killings have been called a \"pogrom\" by some recent writers. Sometime in the period 1038-1040 the Maghrawa tribe retook Fez, forcing Tamīm to flee to Salé. 1033 Fez massacre In 1033, following their conquest of the city from the Maghrawa tribe, the forces of Tamim, chief of the Zenata Berber Banu Ifran tribe, perpetrated a massacre of Jews in Fez in an anti-Jewish pogrom. The city of Fez in Morocco had been contested between the Zenata Berber tribes of Miknasa, Maghrawa and Banu Ifran for the previous half century, in the aftermath of"
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"Design Institute of Australia The Design Institute of Australia (DIA) is an Australian organisation that represents designers in Australia. The DIA acts as a professional body representing all disciplines of design, and undertakes work such as the promotion of ethical standards for the design industry, as well as promoting co-operation between individual designers. The organisation was founded as the Society of Designers for Industry in 1947, and first incorporated as the Industrial Design Institute of Australia on 15 August 1958, with chapters in Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia. The institute joined the ICSID in 1967. They joined International Council of Design in 1980 and then, on 20 December 1982, the organisation was again renamed to the Design Institute of Australia, as it is today. On 1 July 1998, the organisation merged with the Society of Interior Designers of Australia, and the Australian Textile Design Association; becoming a National rather than Federal body. Design Institute of Australia The Design Institute of Australia (DIA) is an Australian organisation that represents designers in Australia. The DIA acts as a professional body representing all disciplines of design, and undertakes work such as the promotion of ethical standards for the design industry, as"
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"Debby Boone discography This article documents the discography of American pop, Christian, and country music singer, Debby Boone. She first recorded with her family, charting twice with her sisters as the Boones on the Billboard AC chart. As a solo artist, Boone has released 12 studio albums and four compilation albums. Boone also placed 15 singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, Hot Country Songs, and Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart including two Number One songs – \"You Light Up My Life\" (10 weeks – Hot 100, 1 week – AC) and \"Are You on the Road to Lovin' Me Again\" (1 week – Country). Boone's \"You Light Up My Life\" album and single were both certified platinum. Debby Boone discography This article documents the discography of American pop, Christian, and country music singer, Debby Boone. She first recorded with her family, charting twice with her sisters as the Boones on the Billboard AC chart. As a solo artist, Boone has released 12 studio albums and four compilation albums. Boone also placed 15 singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, Hot Country Songs, and Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart including two Number One songs – \"You Light Up My Life\" (10 weeks"
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"Local Government (Boundaries) Act 1887 The Local Government (Boundaries) Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 61) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act established boundary commissioners to reform the areas of administrative bodies in England and Wales in preparation for the creation of elected councils by the Local Government Act 1888. In the event, the recommendations of the commissioners were not carried out. By the 1880s the issue of county government had become a major political issue. Both the Liberal and Conservative party manifestos for the 1886 general election contained promises to introduce elected local authorities. Following the election the Conservatives formed an administration led by Lord Salisbury with the support of the breakaway Liberal Unionists. Charles Ritchie became President of the Local Government Board and responsible for carrying forward the reforms. One of the most pressing issues was the necessity of boundary changes: counties in many cases had very irregular boundaries, and the lower-level units such as boroughs, parishes, poor law unions and sanitary districts often lay in more than one county. The Act received the royal assent on 16 September 1887. Section 2 of the Act constituted five named persons as \"The Boundary Commissioners for England and Wales\". The commissioners were Earl Brownlow, Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice, Baon Basing, John Selwin-Ibbotsen, Bt, MP and John Tomlinson Hibbert, three of whom formed a quorum. The commissioners were to proceed, as soon as the Act was passed, to inquire in respect of each county in England and Wales: The commissioners were to have \"due regard to financial and administrative considerations\" in their recommendations. They were permitted to make local inquiries and appoint assistant commissioners to further their work. Their report was to be made to the Local Government Board and laid before parliament. The area to be reviewed by the commissioners was the whole of England and Wales, except the part under the supervision of the Metropolitan Board of Works. The \"counties\" to be reviewed were not to include any county of a city or county of a town, but each county, including a riding, division or part for which separate quarter sessions were held. The commissioners were required to complete their work by 31 December 1888 unless extended by parliament. It was anticipated that the commissioners would make substantial changes to county boundaries, with counties being formed by groupings of poor law unions which included towns and their rural hinterland. The commissioners were expected to face opposition to altering boundaries that were perceived to date back centuries and mark the limits of ancient entities such as the kingdoms of the heptarchy. The commissioners divided England and Wales into five areas, with each commissioner taking responsibility for one area. Lord Brownlow took charge of central England, Lord Fitzmaurice: western England and Wales, Lord Basing: southern England, Sir H Selwin-Ibbetson: eastern England while Mr Hibbert was in charge of northern England. The principal commissioners appointed assistant commissioners to carry out detailed enquiries in the various localities and to elicit public opinion. By the end of January 1888, they had carried out three months of enquiries. The bodies concerned were consulted, and not all were opposed to boundary changes, with some making counter-proposals to those of the commissioners. By March 1888 the commissioners had issued their preliminary schemes to the various local authorities in each county, and local inquiries were to be held to hear objections before the preparation of the final report. The proposed alterations in county boundaries was generally smaller than had been expected. The Liberty of Ripon was to be merged with the North Riding of Yorkshire, and the Soke of Peterborough with Northamptonshire. Adjustments were to be made between the ridings of Yorkshire and between East and West Sussex, while the detached Maelor area of Flintshire was to become part of Denbighshire. On the issue of towns that were divided by county boundaries, they were to be placed entirely in a single county. Most were to be incorporated in the county in which most of the population lay, but the commissioners made seven recommendations against this rule: The Borough of Dudley, a detached part of Worcestershire, was to be united with the rest of the county by the transfer of an intervening portion of Staffordshire. Even though the commissioners had yet to finish their work it became clear that the government was unwilling to carry out their recommendations. The Local Government Bill passing through parliament was amended with a number of boundary clauses. The effect was that the new county councils would be established on the existing parliamentary counties. Following their election, the new councils were to consider the reports of the Commission and adjust the county boundaries themselves by agreement with the Local Government Board, also establishing the areas for district councils to be elected in January 1890. The commissioners made their report in August 1888. The report was dismissed by Ritchie, who decried what he saw as the \"\"wholesale destruction of county boundaries\"\" in the recommendations. In particular, he noted that the consequent changes to the boundaries of parliamentary constituencies were likely to be unpopular with MPs, and might lead to the rejection of the Local Government Bill then going through parliament. Instead, the clauses in the bill creating district councils and requiring boundary alterations were removed, and a section was incorporated that required the relevant county report of the commissioners to be laid before each newly constituted county or county borough council. Each council was to make proposals on boundary alterations in view of the report and forward them to the Local Government Board. In practice, very few changes were made. Four months after the county councils were elected, Lord Balfour, Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade, admitted in the Lords that due to the \"time that must necessarily be occupied\" by the process, no reports would be ready for approval in that parliamentary session. The question of adjusting county boundaries was revisited in 1894, when the Local Government Act of that year created urban and rural districts. It was admitted that the expected rectification of boundaries in 1889 had not occurred and that the boundaries clauses of the Local Government Act 1888 had proved a \"dead letter\". The 1894 Act included stronger wording that required county councils to \"as soon as practicable\" review the county boundaries to ensure that the new districts lay in a single county. Accordingly, there were many alterations over the next few years. It was only after the abolition of poor law unions in 1930 that it was finally possible to rationalise local government areas by county review orders carried out under the Local Government Act 1929. Local Government (Boundaries) Act 1887 The Local Government (Boundaries) Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 61) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act established boundary commissioners to reform the areas of administrative bodies in England and Wales in preparation for the creation of elected councils by the Local Government Act 1888. In the event, the recommendations of the commissioners were not carried out. By the 1880s the issue of county government had become a major political issue. Both the Liberal and"
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"Academic dishonesty Academic dishonesty, academic misconduct, academic fraud and academic integrity are related concepts that refer to various actions on the part of students that go against the expected norms of a school, university or other learning institution. Definitions of academic misconduct are usually outlined in institutional policies. Academic dishonesty has been documented in every type of educational setting from elementary school to graduate school. Throughout history this type of dishonesty has been met with varying degrees of approbation. Academic dishonesty dates back to the first tests. Scholars note that cheating was prevalent on the Chinese civil service exams thousands of years ago, even when cheating carried the penalty of death for both examinee and examiner. Bribery of examiners was also common, as represented in works such as the Ming-dynasty story collection \"The Book of Swindles\" and Qing-dynasty novel \"Rulin waishi\" [The Unofficial History of the Scholars]. Standards for citation and referencing began at the end of the 19th century with the emergence of guidance provided by scholarly societies that developed discipline-specific expectations for referencing such as the MLA and the APA. About the same time, scholars began researching issues related to cheating, with some early research dating back to the late 19th century and early 20th centuries, when cheating was identified as a widespread problem at college campuses in the United States. It has been estimated that as many as two-thirds of students cheated at some point of their college careers at the turn of the 20th century. Fraternities often operated so-called essay banks, where term papers were kept on file and could be resubmitted over and over again by different students, often with the only change being the name on the paper. The issue of academic dishonesty became more prominent in the latter half of the twentieth century, as universities shifted towards more democratic approaches to admission. Academic dishonesty does not have a universal definition. Educational institutions in different regions understand and act on academic dishonestly in different ways. The following is not an exhaustive listing of regions. In the United States, one study has shown that 20% of students started cheating in the first grade. Similarly, other studies reveal that currently in the U.S., 56% of middle school students and 70% of high school students have cheated. A large-scale study in Germany found that 75% of the university students admitted that they conducted at least one of seven types of academic misconduct (such as plagiarism or falsifying data) within the previous six months. Students are not the only ones to cheat in an academic setting. A study among North Carolina school teachers found that some 35% of respondents said they had witnessed their colleagues cheating in one form or another. The rise of high-stakes testing and the consequences of the results on the teacher is cited as a reason why a teacher might want to inflate the results of their students. The first scholarly studies in the 1960s of academic dishonesty in higher education found that nationally in the U.S., somewhere between 50–70% of college students had cheated at least once. While nationally, these rates of cheating in the U.S. remain stable today, there are large disparities between different schools, depending on the size, selectivity, and anti-cheating policies of the school. Generally, the smaller and more selective the college, the less cheating occurs there. For instance, the number of students who have engaged in academic dishonesty at small elite liberal arts colleges can be as low as 15–20%, while cheating at large public universities can be as high as 75%. Moreover, researchers have found that students who attend a school with an honor code are less likely to cheat than students at schools with other ways of enforcing academic integrity. As for graduate education, a recent study found that 56% of MBA students admitted cheating, along with 54% of graduate students in engineering, 48% in education, and 45% in law. Cheating in high schools is growing in the United States at an exponential rate. There is also a great difference in students' perceptions and the reality of their own ethical behavior. In a 2008 survey of 30,000 students in high school carried out by the Josephson Institute for Youth Ethics, 62 percent of students polled said they \"copied another's homework two or more times in the past year.\" Yet, on the same survey, 92 percent said they were \"satisfied with their personal ethics and character.\" Hence, there is generally a discrepancy between actual behavior and self-image of high school students' character. As more students take courses and assessments online, there is a persistent perception that it is easier to cheat in an online class than a face-to-face course. Moreover, there are online services that offer to prepare any kind of homework of high school and college level and take online tests for students. While administrators are often aware of such websites, they have been unsuccessful in curbing cheating in homework and non-proctored online tests, resorting to a recommendation by the Ohio Mathematics Association to derive at least 80% of the grade of online classes from proctored tests. In addition, colleges and universities are increasingly turning to online proctoring services to oversee tens of thousands of exams per year. While research on academic dishonesty in other countries is less extensive, anecdotal evidence suggests cheating could be even more common in countries like Japan and Philippines. A typology of academic misconduct has been devised by Perry (2010). Perry's typology presents a two dimensional model of academic misconduct with one dimension measuring the degree to which rules are understood and the other dimension measuring how closely these rules are followed. According to the typology only those students who understand the rules but fail to adhere to the rules are classified as 'cheats'. In Australia, academic dishonesty is addressed by the Tertiary Education Quality Standards Agency, which is a government agency. In the UK, the Quality Assurance Agency is responsible for quality assurance in higher education. It has produced several policy and guidance documents for policy makers, educators and the general public. In Canada, academic misconduct is handled by individual post-secondary institutions, though research into the topic has lagged behind that of other countries. Research has shown that the incidence of academic dishonesty in Canada is similar to that of the United States. Bribery is an act of giving money or gift giving that alters the behavior of the recipient. Bribery constitutes a crime and is defined by \"Black's Law Dictionary\" as the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions of an official or other person in charge of a public or legal duty. The bribe is the gift bestowed to influence the recipient's conduct. It may be any money, good, right in action, property, preferment, privilege, emolument, object of value, advantage, or merely a promise or undertaking to induce or influence the action, vote, or influence of a person in an official or public capacity. Cheating can take the form of crib notes, looking over someone's shoulder during an exam, or any forbidden sharing of information between students regarding an exam or exercise. Many elaborate methods of cheating have been developed over the years. For instance, students have been documented hiding notes in the bathroom toilet tank, in the brims of their baseball caps, up their sleeves, along their thighs or in their cleavage. Also, the storing of information in graphing calculators, pagers, cell phones, and other electronic devices has cropped up since the information revolution began. While students have long surreptitiously scanned the tests",
"advantage, or merely a promise or undertaking to induce or influence the action, vote, or influence of a person in an official or public capacity. Cheating can take the form of crib notes, looking over someone's shoulder during an exam, or any forbidden sharing of information between students regarding an exam or exercise. Many elaborate methods of cheating have been developed over the years. For instance, students have been documented hiding notes in the bathroom toilet tank, in the brims of their baseball caps, up their sleeves, along their thighs or in their cleavage. Also, the storing of information in graphing calculators, pagers, cell phones, and other electronic devices has cropped up since the information revolution began. While students have long surreptitiously scanned the tests of those seated near them, some students actively try to aid those who are trying to cheat. Methods of secretly signalling the right answer to friends are quite varied, ranging from coded sneezes or pencil tapping to high-pitched noises beyond the hearing range of most teachers. Some students have been known to use more elaborate means, such as using a system of repetitive body signals like hand movements or foot jerking to distribute answers (i.e. where a tap of the foot could correspond to answer \"A\", two taps for answer \"B\", and so on). Cheating differs from most other forms of academic dishonesty, in that people can engage in it without benefiting themselves academically at all. For example, a student who illicitly telegraphed answers to a friend during a test would be cheating, even though the student's own work is in no way affected. Another example of academic dishonesty is a dialogue between students in the same class but in two different time periods, both of which a test is scheduled for that day. If the student in the earlier time period informs the other student in the later period about the test; that is considered academic dishonesty, even though the first student has not benefited himself. One other method is taking advantage of time zones, particularly in exams administered worldwide. Those who take the exam first (likely in Oceania) can then post answers for those about to take the exam (in a time zone behind like Europe). Deception is providing false information to a teacher/instructor concerning a formal academic exercise. Examples of this include taking more time on a take-home test than is allowed, giving a dishonest excuse when asking for a deadline extension, or falsely claiming to have submitted work. This type of academic misconduct is often considered softer than the more obvious forms of cheating, and otherwise-honest students sometimes engage in this type of dishonesty without considering themselves cheaters. It is also sometimes done by students who have failed to complete an assignment, to avoid responsibility for doing so. Fabrication is the falsification of data, information, or citations in any formal academic exercise. This includes making up citations to back up arguments or inventing quotations. Fabrication predominates in the natural sciences, where students sometimes falsify data to make experiments \"work\". It includes data falsification, in which false claims are made about research performed, including selective submitting of results to exclude inconvenient data to generating bogus data. Bibliographical references are often fabricated, especially when a certain minimum number of references is required or considered sufficient for the particular kind of paper. This type of fabrication can range from referring to works whose titles look relevant but which the student did not read, to making up bogus titles and authors. There is also the practice of \"dry-labbing\"—which can occur in chemistry or other lab courses, in which the teacher clearly expects the experiment to yield certain results (which confirm established laws), so the student starts from the results and works backward, calculating what the experimental data should be, often adding variation to the data. In some cases, the lab report is written before the experiment is conducted—in some cases, the experiment is never carried out. In either case, the results are what the instructor expects. Impersonation is a form of cheating whereby a different person than the student assigned an assignment or exam completes it. The academic work is totally 'outsourced' to another person or organization, usually for pay. Contract cheating is similar to impersonation in that a student hires a third party to complete work on their behalf. Essay mills fall under this category. Plagiarism, as defined in the 1995 \"Random House Compact Unabridged Dictionary\", is the \"use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work\". In academia, this can range from borrowing without attribution a particularly apt phrase, to paraphrasing someone else's original idea without citation, to wholesale contract cheating. The modern concept of plagiarism as immoral and originality as an ideal emerged in Europe only in the 18th century, while in the previous centuries authors and artists were encouraged to \"copy the masters as closely as possible\" and avoid \"unnecessary invention\". The 18th century new morals have been institutionalized and enforced prominently in the sectors of academia (including academic science, education, engineering etc.) and journalism, where plagiarism is now considered academic dishonesty and a breach of journalistic ethics, subject to sanctions like expulsion and other severe career damages. Not so in the arts, which have resisted in their long-established tradition of copying as a fundamental practice of the creative process, with plagiarism being still hugely tolerated by 21st-century artists. Lawmaking is a professional field which is not structured around the concept of originality and for which plagiarism is less relevant. Plagiarism is not a crime but is disapproved more on the grounds of moral offence. It may be a case for civil law if it is so substantial to constitute copyright infringement. Since 2000, discussions on the subjects of student plagiarism have increased with a major strand of this discussion centring on the issue of how best students can be helped to understand and avoid plagiarism. Given the serious consequences that plagiarism has for students there has been a call for a greater emphasis on learning in order to help students avoid committing plagiarism. Professorial misconduct includes improper grading of students' papers and oral exams, grade fraud, deliberate negligence towards cheating or assistance in cheating. This can be done for reasons of personal bias towards students (favoritism) or a particular viewpoint (intellectual dishonesty), for a bribe, or to improve the teacher's own perceived performance by increasing the passing rate. It is still occasionally done for matters of ego or to procure sexual favors (sexual harassment). Sabotage is when a student or professor prevents others from completing their work. This includes cutting pages out of library books, deleting data off of classmate's computer or otherwise willfully disrupting the experiments of others. Sabotage is usually only found in highly competitive, cutthroat environments, such as at extremely elite schools where class rankings are highly prized. Poor behavior and the low level disruption of other students' learning, however, is extremely common in all educational settings. Some medical-school librarians have noted that important articles—required reading for key courses—are frequently missing from bound journals—sliced out with razor blades, scalpels, or other sharp blades. Other journals will be marked up in crayon. There are a variety of causes of academic misconduct. Researchers have studied the correlation of cheating to personal characteristics, demographics, contextual factors, methods of deterring",
"computer or otherwise willfully disrupting the experiments of others. Sabotage is usually only found in highly competitive, cutthroat environments, such as at extremely elite schools where class rankings are highly prized. Poor behavior and the low level disruption of other students' learning, however, is extremely common in all educational settings. Some medical-school librarians have noted that important articles—required reading for key courses—are frequently missing from bound journals—sliced out with razor blades, scalpels, or other sharp blades. Other journals will be marked up in crayon. There are a variety of causes of academic misconduct. Researchers have studied the correlation of cheating to personal characteristics, demographics, contextual factors, methods of deterring misconduct, even stages of moral development. Some scholars contend that there are students who have a pathological urge to cheat. The writer Thomas Mallon noted that many scholars had found plagiarism in literature (Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Charles Reade being two notable examples) to often be perpetrated in a way similar to kleptomania (a psychological disease associated with uncontrollable stealing, even when it is against the interests of the thief). On the other hand, Mallon concludes it is probable that most \"cheaters\" make a rational choice to commit academic misconduct. A common reason for unethical behavior is the desire to \"gain a competitive advantage in the race for position or power\". Richard Fass puts forward the possibility that business scandals in the real world make students believe dishonesty is an acceptable method for achieving success in contemporary society. Academic dishonesty, in this case, would be practice for the real world. For some students, there would be a dichotomy between success and honesty, and their decision is that: \"It is not that we love honesty less, but that we love success more.\" Conversely, other scholars consider that with the recent rise in corporate ethics related dismissals in the business world, this approach to cheating may be losing its appeal, if it ever really had any. However, it has been shown that the expected benefits of cheating as well as student's morality plays an important role for the engagement in dishonest behavior. Recent studies have indicated that there is no clear link between academic dishonesty and academic success. One study showed that students given an unexpected opportunity to cheat did not improve their grades significantly from the control group. Another study showed that students who were allowed to bring cheat sheets to a test did not improve their grades. While this may conflict with the common perception of cheating (one survey found only 13% of males and 46% of females think that cheating does not help grades,) it is often apparent to professors and members of academic conduct committees when a paper has been plagiarized by its inferior quality. In the US, William Bowers reported that, on average, one third of grade A students cheated in 1964. And asserts that academic dishonesty acts as a shortcut, so even grade A students might be tempted to cheat. He contends that even if a plagiarized paper receives a relatively low grade, that grade is actually high, given how much time and effort went into the paper. In the study mentioned above (in which students were allowed to bring crib sheets to a test but did not improve their scores), the researcher concluded that the students used the crib notes as alternatives to studying, rather than as complements to studying, and thus spent less time preparing for the exam. The federal government of the United States has mandated high-stakes testing as part of the No Child Left Behind Act, signed into law in 2002. Schools and teachers are held accountable for the results. According to Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner, co-authors of \"Freakonomics\", teachers are known to \"teach to the test\": while not teaching the actual answers, they teach the questions and similar ones, and they neglect any topic that will not be tested on. Levitt also states that teachers may inflate the results of tests given in their classroom. Teachers and librarians can have a significant proactive impact on doing honest work. Research has identified a number of demographic characteristics that appear to be important influences on cheating, including age, gender and grade point average. Older students, females, and students with higher academic achievement are less likely to cheat, whereas students involved with many extra-curricular activities are more likely to do so. Students involved in extra-curricular activities may be less committed to their studies, or may have more demands on their time, which interfere with their studies, creating a greater incentive to cheat. It has been found that younger students are somewhat more likely to cheat: one study finding the highest incidence of cheating occurs during sophomore year at college. Although cheating might be expected to decline with greater moral development, one experiment found that there was no relationship between how a student performed on a morality test and his likelihood of cheating (that is, students at a pre-conventional stage of morality are as likely to cheat as those at a post-conventional stage). Higher academic procrastination was also found to increase the frequency of seven different forms of academic misconduct (using fraudulent excuses, plagiarism, copying from someone else in exams, using forbidden means in exams, carrying forbidden means into exams, copying parts of homework from others, and fabrication or falsification of data) as well as the variety of academic misconduct. This German panel study among thousands of university students argues that academic misconduct might be a coping-strategy to overcome the negative consequences of academic procrastination such as lower performance. Race, nationality, and class all show little correlation with academic misconduct. There is also no correlation between how religious someone is and the likelihood that that person will cheat. A comparison between students of different religions yielded similar results, although the study did show that Jews tend to cheat less than members of other religions. One of the strongest demographic correlations with academic misconduct in the United States is with language. Students who speak English as a second language have been shown to commit academic dishonesty more and are more likely to be caught than native speakers, since they will often not want to rewrite sources in their own words, fearing that the meaning of the sentence will be lost through poor paraphrasing skills. In the University of California system, international students make up 10% of the student body but comprise 47% of academic dishonesty cases. In British universities, students from outside of the European Union make up 12% of the student body but comprise 35% of academic dishonesty cases. Academic misconduct is more easily traced to the academic and social environment of students than to their background. These contextual factors can be as broad as the social milieu at school to as narrow as what instructions a teacher gives before an exam. Contextual factors that individual teachers can affect often make the least difference on cheating behavior. A study found that increasing the distance between students taking an exam has little effect on academic misconduct, and that threatening students before an exam with expulsion if they cheat actually promotes cheating behavior. Indeed, increased exam proctoring and other methods of detecting cheating in the classroom are largely ineffective. According to one survey of American college students, while 50% had cheated at least once in the previous six months, and 7% had cheated more than five times in that period, only 2.5% of the cheaters had been caught. As teachers invent more elaborate methods of deterring",
"school to as narrow as what instructions a teacher gives before an exam. Contextual factors that individual teachers can affect often make the least difference on cheating behavior. A study found that increasing the distance between students taking an exam has little effect on academic misconduct, and that threatening students before an exam with expulsion if they cheat actually promotes cheating behavior. Indeed, increased exam proctoring and other methods of detecting cheating in the classroom are largely ineffective. According to one survey of American college students, while 50% had cheated at least once in the previous six months, and 7% had cheated more than five times in that period, only 2.5% of the cheaters had been caught. As teachers invent more elaborate methods of deterring cheating, students invent even more elaborate methods of cheating (sometimes even treating it as a game), leading to what some teachers call a costly and unwinnable arms race. Increased punishment for academic misconduct also has little correlation with cheating behavior. It has been found that students with markedly different perceptions of what the severity of the punishment for cheating were all equally likely to cheat, probably indicating that they thought that increased penalties were immaterial since their cheating would never be discovered. However, if a professor makes clear that he disapproves of cheating, either in the syllabus, in the first class, or at the beginning of a test, academic dishonesty can drop by 12%. Some professors may have little incentive to reduce cheating in their classes below a point that would otherwise be obvious to outside observers, as they are rated by how many research papers they publish and research grants they win for the college, and not by how well they teach. Teachers can, however, accidentally promote cheating behavior. A study found a correlation between how harsh or unfair a professor is perceived as and academic misconduct, since students see cheating as a way of getting back at the teacher. Also, students who see themselves in a competition, such as when the teacher is using a grade curve, are more likely to cheat. Research has also shown a correlation between goal orientation and the occurrence of academic cheating. Students who perceive their classroom to have high mastery goals are less likely to engage in cheating than those who perceive their classroom to emphasize performance goals. In other words, students who are encouraged to learn for the sake of learning and who exhibit an intrinsic value of education are less likely to cheat than those who are encouraged primarily by grades and other extrinsic rewards. The most important contextual causes of academic misconduct are often out of individual teachers' hands. One very important factor is time management. One survey reported two-thirds of teachers believed that poor time management was the principal cause of cheating. Often social engagements are to blame. It has been found that there is a strong correlation between extracurricular activities and cheating, especially among athletes, even those on intramural teams. It has also been found that student cheating rates rise significantly the more time students spend playing cards, watching television, or having a few drinks with friends. Relatedly, fraternity or sorority membership is also strongly correlated with academic misconduct. One of the most important causes of academic misconduct is the contextual factor of an environment of peer disapproval of cheating, that is, peer pressure. Psychologists note that all people tend to follow the norms of their peer group, which would include norms about academic dishonesty. Thus, students who believe that their peers disapprove of cheating are less likely to cheat. Indeed, multiple studies show that the most decisive factor in a student's decision to cheat is his perception of his peers' relationship with academic dishonesty. For instance, on average 69% of students cheat at colleges with low community disapproval of academic misconduct, whereas only about 23% of students cheat at colleges with strong community disapproval of academic misconduct. Peer pressure works both ways, as a study found that there is a 41% increase in the probability of a student cheating if he or she has seen someone else cheat. However, even if most students strongly disapprove of cheating, there has to be a community in order for those norms to be enforced via peer pressure. For instance, larger schools, which usually have much higher cheating rates than small schools, tend to have a weaker community, being more split up into different peer groups that exert little social pressure on each other. Another measure of a college community, how many students live on campus, further shows a significant relation with a school's cheating rate. Relatedly, many professors argue that smaller classes reduce cheating behavior. No matter what the demographic or contextual influences are on a student who decides to engage in cheating behavior, before they can cheat they must overcome their own conscience. This depends both on how strongly someone disapproves of academic dishonesty and what types of justifications the student uses to escape a sense of guilt. For instance, students who personally do not have a moral problem with academic misconduct can cheat guilt-free. However, while many students have been taught and have internalized that academic dishonesty is wrong, it has been shown that on average a third of students who strongly disapprove of cheating have in fact cheated. People who cheat despite personal disapproval of cheating engage in something called \"neutralization\", in which a student rationalizes the cheating as being acceptable due to certain mitigating circumstances. According to psychologists of deviant behavior, people who engage in neutralization support the societal norm in question, but \"conjure up\" reasons why they are allowed to violate that norm in a particular case. Neutralization is not a simple case of \"ex post facto\" rationalization, but is rather a more comprehensive affair, occurring before, during, and after the act of cheating. Researchers have found four major types of neutralization of academic dishonesty, which they categorize by type of justification. \"Denial of responsibility\" – that is, the accusation that others are to blame or that something forced the student to cheat – is the most common form of neutralization among college students who cheated, with 61% of cheaters using this form of justification. \"Condemnation of condemner\" – that is, that the professors are hypocrites or brought it on themselves – is the second most common form of college student neutralization at 28%. The third most popular form of neutralization among college students is the \"appeal to higher loyalties,\" where the student thinks their responsibility to some other entity, usually their peers, is more important than doing what they know to be morally right. About 6.8% of cheaters in higher education use this form of neutralization. \"Denial of injury\" – thinking that nobody is worse off for the cheating – is the fourth most popular kind of neutralization at 4.2% of cheaters. Cheating in academics has a host of effects on students, on teachers, on individual schools, and on the educational system itself. For instance, students who engage in neutralisation to justify cheating, even once, are more likely to engage in it in the future, potentially putting them on a road to a life of dishonesty. Indeed, one study found that students who are dishonest in class are more likely to engage in fraud and theft on the job when they enter the workplace. Students are also negatively affected by academic dishonesty after graduation. A university diploma is an important document in the labor market. Potential employers use a degree as a representation of a graduate's knowledge and ability. However, due to academic",
"most popular kind of neutralization at 4.2% of cheaters. Cheating in academics has a host of effects on students, on teachers, on individual schools, and on the educational system itself. For instance, students who engage in neutralisation to justify cheating, even once, are more likely to engage in it in the future, potentially putting them on a road to a life of dishonesty. Indeed, one study found that students who are dishonest in class are more likely to engage in fraud and theft on the job when they enter the workplace. Students are also negatively affected by academic dishonesty after graduation. A university diploma is an important document in the labor market. Potential employers use a degree as a representation of a graduate's knowledge and ability. However, due to academic dishonesty, not all graduates with the same grades actually did the same work or have the same skills. Thus, when faced with the fact that they do not know which graduates are skilled and which are the \"lemons\" (see \"The Market for Lemons\"), employers must pay all graduates based on the quality of the average graduate. Therefore, the more students who cheat, getting by without achieving the required skills or learning, the lower the quality of the average graduate of a school, and thus the less employers are willing to pay a new hire from that school. Because of this reason, all students, even those that do not cheat themselves, are negatively affected by academic misconduct. Academic dishonesty also creates problems for teachers. In economic terms, cheating causes an underproduction of knowledge, where the professor's job is to produce knowledge. Moreover, a case of cheating often will cause emotional distress to faculty members, many considering it to be a personal slight against them or a violation of their trust. Dealing with academic misconduct is often one of the worst parts of a career in education, one survey claiming that 77% of academics agreed with the statement \"dealing with a cheating student is one of the most onerous aspects of the job\". Academic misconduct can also have an effect on a college's reputation, one of the most important assets of any school. An institution plagued by cheating scandals may become less attractive to potential donors and students and especially prospective employers. Alternatively, schools with low levels of academic dishonesty can use their reputation to attract students and employers. Ultimately, academic dishonesty undermines the academic world. It interferes with the basic mission of education, the transfer of knowledge, by allowing students to get by without having to master the knowledge. Furthermore, academic dishonesty creates an atmosphere that is not conducive to the learning process, which affects honest students as well. When honest students see cheaters escape detection, it can discourage student morale, as they see the rewards for their work cheapened. Cheating also undermines academia when students steal ideas. Ideas are a professional author's \"capital and identity\", and if a person's ideas are stolen it retards the pursuit of knowledge. If never formally retracted, fraudulent publications can remain an issue for many years as articles and books remain on shelves and continue to be cited. The case of S. Walter Poulshock, a 1960s early-career historian whose work was found to contain wholly fabricated material, was exposed in 1966 with the \"American Historical Review\" providing a warning on the topic. Nonetheless, his book was never removed from the shelves of many university libraries and (together with his related thesis) was still being cited in 2013, 47 years after it was intended to have been withdrawn by its publisher. All parties involved in the dishonesty—not just the individual whose grade is increased by it—can be punished. Historically the job of preventing cheating has been given to the teacher. It used to be that in college the professor acted \"in loco parentis\" and was able to regulate student behavior as a parent. Thus, professors who discovered cheating could assign essentially any punishment they deemed appropriate. Students often had no mechanism for appeal. Generally, proctors were hired to patrol exams. If a case was particularly serious, a dean or other top-level administrator might have been involved. Against this inconsistent and paternalistic system, students at some schools rebelled and demanded to be treated as adults. First at the College of William and Mary in 1779, and then followed by schools like the University of Virginia in the 1850s and Wesleyan University in 1893, the students, with the agreement of faculty who declared themselves dedicated to ideals of democracy and human character, created honor codes. B. Melendez of Harvard University defined an honor code as a code of academic conduct that includes a written pledge of honesty that students sign, a student controlled judiciary that hears alleged violations, unproctored examinations, and an obligation for all students help enforce the code. This system relied on student self-enforcement, which was considered more becoming of young gentlemen than the policing by proctors and professors that existed previously. Of interest, the military academies of the US took the honor code one step further than civilian colleges, disallowing \"tolerance\", which means that if a cadet or midshipman is found to have failed to report or outright protected someone engaged in academic dishonesty (as well as other dishonesties or stealing), that individual is to be expelled along with the perpetrator. However, many people doubted the advisability of relying on an abstract notion of honor to prevent academic dishonesty. This doubt has perhaps led to the reality that no more than a quarter of American universities have adopted honor codes. Moreover, many professors could not envisage a student run trial process that treated faculty accusers fairly. In response to these concerns, in the middle of the twentieth century, many schools devised mixed judicial panels composed of both students and faculty. This type of academic integrity system was similar to the traditional faculty control system in that it relied on professors to detect cheating, except in this system cheaters were brought before centralized boards of students and faculty for punishment. By the 1960s over a quarter of American universities had adopted this system of mixed judicial boards. Still, though, over half of American universities continued to use faculty-centered control systems. Starting in the 1960s, the U.S. Supreme Court began chipping away at the \"in loco parentis\" doctrine, giving college students more civil liberties such as the right of due process in disciplinary proceedings (\"Dixon v. Alabama Board of Education,\" 1961). In \"Cooper v. Blair\" (1973), specifically academic misconduct was ruled to require due process, being a disciplinary matter and not an educational matter. The due process rights of students in academic misconduct cases is not to the same degree as in a court of law. For instance, the student has no right to representation and the burden of proof is not necessarily stringent. In the \"General Order on Judicial Standards of Procedure and Substance in Review of Student Discipline in Tax Supported Institutions of Higher Education\", (1968) student due process rights were laid out as follows: These new rules put an end to the old faculty-based system of policing academic dishonesty, now students were entitled to an impartial hearing. While schools using the old honor code method or the mixed judicial system were not affected by these decisions, schools using the faculty based system generally instituted systems that relied on a committee of faculty and administrators or a dean to run the academic misconduct hearings. Recently, Donald L. McCabe and Linda Klebe Trevino, two experts in the field of academic dishonesty, have proposed a new way of deterring cheating",
"In the \"General Order on Judicial Standards of Procedure and Substance in Review of Student Discipline in Tax Supported Institutions of Higher Education\", (1968) student due process rights were laid out as follows: These new rules put an end to the old faculty-based system of policing academic dishonesty, now students were entitled to an impartial hearing. While schools using the old honor code method or the mixed judicial system were not affected by these decisions, schools using the faculty based system generally instituted systems that relied on a committee of faculty and administrators or a dean to run the academic misconduct hearings. Recently, Donald L. McCabe and Linda Klebe Trevino, two experts in the field of academic dishonesty, have proposed a new way of deterring cheating that has been implemented in schools such as the University of Maryland. Modified honor codes put students in charge of the judicial hearing process, making it clear that it is the students' responsibility to stop cheating amongst themselves, but at the same time students still have proctored exams and are not allowed to take pledges of good conduct in place of professor oversight. The researchers who advocate this type of code seem to think that the normal honor code is something of a special case that is not applicable to many schools. According to supporters of this system, schools with a large student body, a weak college community, or no history of student self-governance will not be able to support a full honor code. However, while modified honor codes seem to be more effective than faculty or administration run integrity codes of conduct, research shows that schools with modified codes still have higher rates of cheating than schools with full honor codes. Research has shown that there is a strong correlation between forms of academic integrity system and levels of cheating at a school. Several studies have found students who attend schools with honor codes are less likely to cheat than students at schools with traditional integrity codes. Another study found that only 28% of schools with honor codes have high levels of cheating, whereas 81% of schools with mixed judicial boards have high rates of cheating. Whereas faculty or administration run codes of conduct tend to rely on policing and punishment to deter students from cheating, honor codes tend to rely on and cultivate student senses of honor and group peer pressure to deter academic misconduct. As mentioned above in the section on causes of cheating, increased enforcement or punishment is rarely effective at discouraging cheating, whereas there is a high correlation between peer pressure and academic honesty. The modified honor code attempts to cultivate peer disapproval of cheating while maintaining the traditional proctor system, although critics argue that the proctor system undermines the creation of an atmosphere of student self-policing, reducing the effectiveness of the honor code, possibly explaining why modified honor codes have not been as effective as the original version. There are limitations to relying on the faculty to police academic dishonesty. One study found that up to 21% of professors have ignored at least one clear cut case of cheating. Another study revealed that 40% of professors \"never\" report cheating, 54% \"seldom\" report cheating, and that a mere 6% act on all cases of academic misconduct that confront them. A third survey of professors found that while 79% had observed cheating, only 9% had penalized the student. According to a manual for professors on cheating, There are other reasons as well. Some professors are reluctant to report violations to the appropriate authorities because they believe the punishment to be too harsh. Some professors may have little incentive to reduce cheating in their classes below a point that would otherwise be obvious to outside observers, as they are rated by how many research papers they publish and research grants they win for the college, and not by how well they teach. Others do not report academic misconduct because of postmodernist views on cheating. Postmodernism calls into question the very concepts of \"authorship\" and \"originality.\" From the perspective of cultural studies and historicism, authors themselves are simply constructs of their social surroundings, and thus they simply rewrite already written cultural stories. Moreover, in the field of composition studies, students are being encouraged more and more to do group work and participate in ongoing collective revision. The postmodernist view is that \"the concept of intellectual malpractice is of limited epistemological value. Under the ironic gaze of postmodernism, the distinctions between guilt and innocence, integrity and deceit permeating the scandal debates appear irrelevant.\" However, there is an argument that postmodernism is just moral relativism, therefore cheating is condoned as a valid academic method, even if it is morally and legally wrong. One professor wrote in an article in \"The English Journal\" that when he peeked in on an unproctored class taking a test and saw several students up and consulting with one another, he decided that they were not cheating, but were using non-traditional techniques and collaborative learning to surmount the obstacles teachers had put in their way. Issues of cultural relativism also affect professors' views on cheating; the standard objection being that \"students from certain Middle Eastern, Asian, and African cultures are baffled by the notion that one can 'own' ideas, since their cultures regard words and ideas as the property of all rather than as individual property\". Another issue teachers may have with deterring cheating is that they may decide that it is not their job. The argument that \"they're professors, not policemen\" is often heard in academia. In economic terms, some professors believe they are being paid to provide learning, and if the student loses that learning through cheating, he is only cheating himself out of the money he paid. With the advancement of the internet, there are now several tools available to aid in the detection of plagiarism and multiple publication within biomedical literature. One tool developed in 2006 by researchers in Harold Garner's laboratory at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas is Déjà Vu, an open-access database containing several thousand instances of duplicate publication. Academic dishonesty Academic dishonesty, academic misconduct, academic fraud and academic integrity are related concepts that refer to various actions on the part of students that"
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"Martin Johnston Martin Johnston (12 November 1947 – 21 June 1990) was an Australian poet and novelist. Martin Johnston was born in Sydney in November 1947, son of the writers George Johnston and Charmian Clift. His early childhood was spent in London and Sydney. In 1954 the family moved to Greece. They returned to England in 1960 and Australia in 1964. In the mid-to-late 1970s he lived and travelled with Australian writer, Nadia Wheatley. They lived and wrote in Greece from 1975–77, and travelled through Europe before returning to Australian in 1978. In October 1982 he married Roseanne Bonney, and they lived in Darlinghurst, Sydney. He died on 21 June 1990. Martin Johnston Martin Johnston (12 November 1947 – 21 June 1990) was an Australian poet and novelist. Martin Johnston was born in Sydney in November 1947, son of the writers George Johnston and Charmian Clift. His early childhood was spent in London and Sydney. In 1954 the family moved to Greece. They returned to England in 1960 and Australia in 1964. In the mid-to-late 1970s he lived and travelled with Australian writer, Nadia Wheatley. They lived and wrote in Greece from 1975–77, and travelled through Europe before returning to"
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"Walkability Walkability is a measure of how friendly an area is to walking. Walkability has health, environmental, and economic benefits. Factors influencing walkability include the presence or absence and quality of footpaths, sidewalks or other pedestrian rights-of-way, traffic and road conditions, land use patterns, building accessibility, and safety, among others. Walkability is an important concept in sustainable urban design. One proposed definition for walkability is: \"The extent to which the built environment is friendly to the presence of people living, shopping, visiting, enjoying or spending time in an area\". Factors affecting walkability include, but are not limited to: Major infrastructural factors include access to mass transit, presence and quality of footpaths, buffers to moving traffic (planter strips, on-street parking or bike lanes) and pedestrian crossings, aesthetics, nearby local destinations, air quality, shade or sun in appropriate seasons, street furniture, traffic volume and speed. and wind conditions. Walkability is also examined based on the surrounding built environment. Reid Ewing and Robert Cervero's five D's of the built environment—density, diversity, design, destination accessibility, and distance to transit—heavily influence an area's walkability. Combinations of these factors influence an individual's decision to walk. Before cars and bicycles were mass-produced, walking was the main way to travel. It was the only way to get from place to place for much of human history. In the 1930s, economic growth led to increased automobile manufacturing. Cars were also becoming more affordable, leading to the rise of the automobile during the Post–World War II economic expansion. The detrimental effects of automobile emissions soon led to public concern over pollution. Alternatives, including improved public transportation and walking infrastructure, have attracted more attention from planners and policymakers. Walkability indices have been found to correlate with both Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity of local populations. Physical activity can prevent chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, depression, and osteoporosis. Thus for instance, an increase in neighborhood Walk Score has linked with both better Cardio metabolic risk profiles and a decreased risk of heart-attacks. The World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research released a report that new developments should be designed to encourage walking, on the grounds that walking contributes to a reduction of cancer. A further justification for walkability is founded upon evolutionary and philosophical grounds, contending that gait is important to the cerebral development in humans. Due to discrepancies between residents' health in inner city neighborhoods and suburban neighborhoods with similar walkability measures, further research is needed to find additional built environment factors in walkability indices. One of most important benefits of walkability is the decrease of the automobile footprint in the community. Carbon emissions can be reduced if more people choose to walk rather than drive or use public transportation. The benefits of less emissions include improved health conditions and quality of life, less smog, and less of a contribution to global climate change. Walkability has also been found to have many economic benefits, including accessibility, cost savings both to individuals and to the public, increased efficiency of land use, increased livability, economic benefits from improved public health, and economic development, among others. The benefits of walkability are best guaranteed if the entire system of public corridors is walkable - not limited to certain specialized routes. More sidewalks and increased walkability can promote tourism and increase property value. In recent years, the demand for housing in a walkable urban context has increased. The term \"Missing Middle Housing\" as coined by Daniel Parolek of Opticos Design, Inc., refers to multi-unit housing types (such as duplexes, fourplexes, bungalow courts, and mansion apartments not bigger than a large house), which are integrated throughout most walkable Pre-1940s neighborhoods, but became much less common after World War II, hence the term \"missing.\" These housing types are often integrated into blocks with primarily single-family homes, to provide diverse housing choices and generate enough density to support transit and locally-serving commercial amenities. Auto-focused street design diminish walking and needed \"eyes on the street\" provided by the steady presence of people in an area. Walkability increases social interaction, mixing of populations, average number of friends and associates where people live, reduced crime (with more people walking and watching over neighborhoods, open space and main streets), increased sense of pride, and increased volunteerism. Socioeconomic factors contribute to willingness to choose walking over driving. Income, age, race, ethnicity, education, household status, and having children in a household all influence walking travel. Many communities have embraced pedestrian mobility as an alternative to older building practices that favor automobiles. Reasons for this shift include a belief that dependency on automobiles is ecologically unsustainable. Automobile-oriented environments engender dangerous conditions to both motorists and pedestrians, and are generally bereft of aesthetics. A tool that some American cities, like Cincinnati, OH, are employing to improve walkability is a type of zoning called Form-based coding. There are several ways to make a community more walkable: One way of assessing and measuring walkability is to undertake a walking audit. An established and widely used walking audit tool is PERS (Pedestrian Environment Review System) which has been used extensively in the UK. A simple way to determine the walkability of a block, corridor or neighborhood is to count the number of people walking, lingering and engaging in optional activities within a space. This process is a vast improvement upon pedestrian level of service (LOS) indicators, recommended within the Highway Capacity Manual. However it may not translate well to non-Western locations where the idea of \"optional\" activities may be different. In any case, the diversity of people, and especially the presence of children, seniors and people with disabilities, denotes the quality, completeness and health of a walkable space. A number of commercial walkability scores also exist: A newly developing concept is the transit time map (sometimes called a transit shed map), which is a type of isochrone map. These are maps (often online and interactive) that display the areas of a metropolis which can be reached from a given starting point, in a given amount of travel time. Such maps are useful for evaluating how well-connected a given address is to other possible urban destinations, or conversely, how large a territory can quickly get to a given address. The calculation of transit time maps is computationally intensive, and considerable work is being done on more efficient algorithms for quickly producing such maps. To be useful, the production of a transit time map must take into consideration detailed transit schedules, service frequency, time of day, and day of week. Walkability Walkability is a measure of how friendly an area is to walking."
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"Cultuzz Cultuzz Digital Media GmbH is an IT and Internet company that specializes in software for e-commerce in the travel and tourism industry. It has its headquarters in Berlin, Germany and subsidiaries in Switzerland, India, UK and US. Its main product is CultSwitch which is a channel management solution allowing hotels to transfer their products, availability and prices to the different travel websites (source). Cultuzz is the only travel technical provider to be connected to the eBay API via XML technology. Since 2002, Cultuzz supports hotels to market and sell their hotel products and services on the eBay. Cultuzz was founded in 2000 in Germany by Dr Reinhard Vogel Cultuzz developed a professional search engine for eBay in 2006, allowing the site's users to check availability and make actual bookings from hotel inventories. In 2008, Cultuzz offered the first complete interface to Tiscover, thus linking major distributors and portals directly with the accommodation providers To enable hotel advertising on eBay for commission-free bookings, Cultuzz created professional microsites with unique special functions for eBay Cultuzz linked its channel management system CultSwitch to the four Global Distribution Systems (GDS) Amadeus, Sabre, Worldspan and Galileo, as well as to the Pegasus Online Distribution Database (ODD) for making partner hotels of Cultuzz reach every travel agency worldwide In March, 2011, RateTiger integrated with Cultuzz enabling its hotels to generate bookings from eBay, making it the only service provider worldwide that implemented direct bookings for hotels on eBay RateGain integrated with Cultuzz in the same year enabling its hotels to generate bookings from eBay, thus allowing hoteliers to place their rooms on auctions, assign a start price and sell it to the highest bidder. This enabled hoteliers to leverage local events, festivals, celebrity shows etc. Around the same time, agoda.com also partnered with Cultuzz Media giving them the ability to offer people a greater choice of hotels across Europe Cultuzz Cultuzz Digital Media GmbH is an IT and Internet company that specializes in software for e-commerce in the travel and tourism industry. It has its headquarters in Berlin, Germany and subsidiaries in Switzerland, India, UK and US. Its main product is CultSwitch which is a channel management solution allowing hotels to transfer their products, availability and prices to the different travel websites (source). Cultuzz is the only travel technical provider to be connected to the eBay API via XML technology. Since 2002, Cultuzz supports hotels"
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"Niels Skousen Niels Skousen (born January 28, 1944 in Cologne, Germany) is a Danish composer, guitarist, actor and poet. Niels Skousen is married to Linda Wendel (since 2003). He started his musical career in 1964. After having heard the Bob Dylan album Another Side Of Bob Dylan, he started writing songs and learning to play guitar. His inspiration from Bob Dylan has lasted throughout his career. He started on medical school, but left it to pursue a career as musician and actor. Niels Skousen made his record debut in 1971 with \"Herfra hvor vi står\" (Lyrics and music). Solo Records: With others: Niels Skousen Niels Skousen (born January 28, 1944 in Cologne, Germany) is a Danish composer, guitarist, actor and poet. Niels Skousen is married to Linda Wendel (since 2003). He started his musical career in 1964. After having heard the Bob Dylan album Another Side Of Bob Dylan, he started writing songs and learning to play guitar. His inspiration from Bob Dylan has lasted throughout his career. He started on medical school, but left it to pursue a career as musician and actor. Niels Skousen made his record debut in 1971 with \"Herfra hvor vi står\" (Lyrics and music)."
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"Change the Game \"Change the Game\" is the second single from rapper Jay-Z from his 2000 album \"\". It features guest raps by Memphis Bleek and Beanie Sigel, production from Rick Rock and backing vocals by Static Major. Upon release, the song's intention was to promote Sigel and Bleek, but Steve Juon of RapReviews.com considers Jay-Z to outperform both rappers. A music video directed by David Meyers was made for \"Change the Game.\" A remix to Change the Game features Bleek and Sigel, along with Tha Dogg Pound members Daz and Kurupt. The remix appears on \"The Professional 2\" album by DJ Clue. It can also be found on Tha Dogg Pound compilation album \"2002\". The song received positive reviews. Rap Reviews wrote \"Even though Beans and Memph both have raps on this song, Jay starts and ends the track with the best flow and lyrics throughout.\" Change the Game \"Change the Game\" is the second single from rapper Jay-Z from his 2000 album \"\". It features guest raps by Memphis Bleek and Beanie Sigel, production from Rick Rock and backing vocals by Static Major. Upon release, the song's intention was to promote Sigel and Bleek, but Steve Juon of"
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"Freelan Oscar Stanley Freelan Oscar Stanley (June 1, 1849 – October 2, 1940) was an American inventor, entrepreneur, hotelier and architect. He made his fortune in the manufacture of photographic plates but he is best remembered as the co-founder, along with his twin brother Francis Edgar Stanley, of the Stanley Motor Carriage Company which built steam-powered automobiles until 1920. He also built and operated the Stanley Hotel in Estes Park, Colorado. Freelan Oscar Stanley and his identical twin brother Francis Edgar (1849-1918) were born on June 1, 1849, in Kingfield, Maine. They were the third and second, respectively, of the eight children of Solomon P. Stanley II (1813–89) and Apphia Kezar Stanley (nee, French. 1819-74). Although their family was not wealthy, education was highly valued and knowledge of science, poetry and music were encouraged from a young age. Their younger sister Chansonetta Stanley Emmons went on to achieve significant recognition in her own right as a photographer. Their elder brother Isaac Newton Stanley was named for the eminent English scientist while their younger brothers received the names of Solomon Liberty Stanley (after the family patriarchs) and Bayard Taylor Stanley (in memory of the celebrated American literary figure) Their younger brothers who died in infancy were named John Calvin Stanley (in memory of the protestant reformer) and Ulysses Grant Stanley (in memory of the Union commander and US President). It has been suggested that the names Francis Edgar and Freelan Oscar were drawn from the pages of Sir Walter Scott although Edgar appears to be the only one of their names shared with a character from his works. Scott's \"Marmion\" had special significance to the Stanley brothers, uniting their love of poetry and the arts with pride in their Scottish ancestry. \"On, Stanley, on!\" a battle cry quoted in this poem became the motto of the Stanley Dry Plate Company featured on their packaging (albeit with an error in punctuation) above a logo of a knight on horseback. In 1859, At the age of ten, Freelan and Francis started their first business together refining and selling maple sugar. The object of their hard-earned money was woolen cloth for new school suits and a copy of Benjamin Greenleaf's \"National Arithmetic\" in which book they worked every equation from cover to cover. At eleven, their great-uncle, Liberty Stanley, who had raised their father as his own son, taught them the art of violin making. By the age of twelve, Freelan had completed three instruments. He would continue to make them throughout his life creating many concert-quality pieces still prized today by collectors and musicians. In 1863, in the midst of the American Civil War, the brothers were witness to the Kingfield Rebellion, a protest against the highly unpopular Enrollment Act and the only anti-Union rebellion to occur in the State of Maine. In 1860, at the age of twenty the brothers began their collegiate education at Western State Normal School (now University of Maine, Farmington) with the intention of becoming educators. Francis Edgar soon found that academic schooling was not to his liking and left to pursue a career as a portrait artist. Freelan continued his education at Hebron Academy from 1871 to 1873 and finally Bowdoin College in Brunswick from 1873 to 1874 where he was in the same class as Arctic explorer Admiral Robert Peary. He never completed his degree, however, due to his participation in the so-called Drill Rebellion. Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain (1828-1914), Bowdoin alumnus (class of 1852), former professor, and hero of Gettysburg, had become president of the college in 1871 and instituted mandatory military drills for all students. Although Stanley was exempt from the drill as a member of the college band, he was nonetheless strongly opposed to it and acted in solidarity with his peers. In November 1873, the students petitioned the Board of Governors to abolish it. In May 1874, having been unsuccessful in their petition, three-quarters of the student body refused to participate. Chamberlain gave the protesters one week's suspension and the ultimatum of compliance or expulsion. Stanley was one of three students who refused to comply. Despite his expulsion, Freelan Oscar Stanley was later granted an honorary degree from Bowdoin in 1919 at the age of 70. The drills were repealed after Chamberlain's resignation in 1883. Following his time at Bowdoin, Stanley accepted a position as headmaster of the high school in Mechanic Falls, Maine where he met Flora Jane Record Tileston (1847-1939). She was a teacher and a pianist of some competency. They were married in 1876. In 1881, Stanley was struck with Tuberculosis. His younger brother Solomon Liberty was carried off by the disease the same year at the age of 27. Freelan believed his survival depended upon a less sedentary life and so he decided upon a career in manufacturing, opening the Stanley Practical Drawing Set factory. Unfortunately, his new business was ruined in a fire which destroyed the whole of his investment only a year later, in 1882. After leaving school, Francis Edgar Stanley married Augusta May Walker (1848-1927) and opened a portrait studio. His first technique was \"crayon\" or charcoal which he supplemented with his \"Improvement to the Atomizer,\" a forerunner of the modern air brush which he patented in 1876. In 1882, Francis began experimenting with photography about which he quickly became passionate. Following the tragic conflagration of his brother's factory, Francis suggested that the two work together to create a new photographic product. By 1885, the Stanley brothers had established the Stanley Dry Plate Company in Lewiston, Maine. The first primitive dry photo plate was invented by the English physician Richard Leach Maddox in 1871. Charles Bennett discovered important improvements upon the original formula but, ten years later, most photographers were still using the wet plate collodion process. By perfecting their factory process and marketing their product across the country, the Stanley Company quickly rose to predominance at a time when the market for factory-made (rather than studio-made) photo materials was just opening. The brothers quickly amassed a small fortune and, in 1890, they moved their business to Watertown, Massachusetts and bought homes in nearby Newton. In Newton, Freelan and Flora Stanley emerged as members of well-to-do society. In 1894, Freelan built a Colonial Revival house at 165 Hunnewell Avenue in the Hunnewell Hill neighborhood of Newton Corner. In 1896, His brother built a home for his own family close-by at 638 Centre Street, acquiring, soon thereafter, a summer residence at Squirrel Island, Maine. In 1897-98 the twins purchased land and began construction on the Hunnewell Club, the seat of a social organization for their neighbors and friends. The building housed a ballroom, billiard tables and bowling alleys. In 1900-1904, F.O. Stanley drew plans for the Amos G. Winter House in Kingfield, Maine. L.A. Norton executed the construction of the house which still stands at 33 Winter's Hill Road and bears a notable similarity to Stanley's other architectural designs. Freelan and Francis Stanley were now living in the heartland of Yankee ingenuity and the inquisitive brothers were well-poised to immerse themselves in the many exciting technological advancements happening around them. Adjacent to the Stanley dry-plate factory in Watertown was a bicycle factory owned by Sterling Elliott. F.E. Stanley quickly became fascinated by the new bicycle craze and attempted to interest his wife, Augusta. When she fell off and swore she would never ride again, Francis told her, \"Never you mind, Gustie. I will build something so that we can ride together in safety and comfort.\" Francis Stanley began the construction of an automobile and the project quickly absorbed his attentions. After contemplating the merits of combustion, electricity and",
"architectural designs. Freelan and Francis Stanley were now living in the heartland of Yankee ingenuity and the inquisitive brothers were well-poised to immerse themselves in the many exciting technological advancements happening around them. Adjacent to the Stanley dry-plate factory in Watertown was a bicycle factory owned by Sterling Elliott. F.E. Stanley quickly became fascinated by the new bicycle craze and attempted to interest his wife, Augusta. When she fell off and swore she would never ride again, Francis told her, \"Never you mind, Gustie. I will build something so that we can ride together in safety and comfort.\" Francis Stanley began the construction of an automobile and the project quickly absorbed his attentions. After contemplating the merits of combustion, electricity and steam, he determined that steam was the most practical option. His brother and he would hold steadfastly to the superiority of steam-power well after combustion had achieved predominance. By 1897, he had sold his horses and buggies and built his first automobile of wagon and bicycle parts from Sterling Elliott's factory. Not long after completing it, the Stanley Brothers took Francis' car to the Boston Auto Show (1898) held in Charles River Park, and so impressed the crowd that afterwards they began to produce steam cars on order as the Stanley Motor Carriage Company. From that moment on, Freelan Stanley was also committed to his brother's passion for motor cars. In 1899, John Brisben Walker (editor of \"Cosmo\", and early investor in the area around Colorado Springs) expressed interest in purchasing the Stanley's car business. The brothers were reluctant and decided to ask for a good deal more than they thought he would accept - $250,000 in ready cash. To their surprise, Walker accepted their offer immediately although he had to seek the partnership of \"Asphalt King\" Amzi L. Barber to finance the deal. For a few months, Walker and Barber managed the enterprise together. During this period, although they no longer owned the company, the Stanley Brothers stayed on as consultants; Francis in manufacturing and Freelan in marketing. This period was distinguished by a number of publicity stunts for which Stanley automobiles received much notoriety. In August 1899, Freelan and Flora Stanley became the first of many motorists to reach the top of Mt. Washington, the tallest peak in New England. In November of the same year, Freelan gave William McKinley a tour of Washington DC in a Stanley automobile marking the first time a sitting U.S. President had ridden in a car. Within a year, due to disagreements, Walker and Barber had gone their separate ways creating two separate car companies. Barber's company existed briefly as the Mobile Company of America, was moved into a new factory in Tarrytown, New York designed by the distinguished American architect Sanford White. Walker's Locomobile Company of America, which achieved rather more success after switching to combustion, relocated in 1900 to Bridgeport, Connecticut, an important early center for the American auto industry. Disappointed by the disintegration of their company, Freelan and Francis decided to start again from scratch. Their name was now no longer in use and their old factory had been vacated by Walker. The only problems were the patents which still belonged to Locomobile. The Stanleys resolved this issue by not only changing but improving their original designs. In 1901, they resumed production of the new, improved Stanley Motor Carriage under their old name. The quality of their new cars was such that their rival in the photo plate business George Eastman (of Kodak, Rochester, NY) became an avid customer, acquiring a Steamer in 1901. \"If the electric [automobile] is a 'peach,'\" he once remarked, \"then the Stanley is a 'peacherina.'\" His compliment must have encouraged the brothers to pour their energy into steam rather than photo supplies because, in 1904, they sold him the Stanley Dry Plate Company which Eastman legally dissolved the following year. The original Stanley auto patents were finally purchased back from Walker in 1903 for $20,000, the same year Locomobile abandoned steam for combustion. In 1906, the Stanleys earned a place in the history of transportation. With driver Fred Marriott behind the wheel, their specially designed \"Rocket Racer\" broke the land speed record at 127.66 miles-per-hour over 1 kilometer at Ormond Beach near Daytona Beach, Florida, earning them the Dewar Trophy. The next year, an attempt was made to break the record again. This time, the Rocket Racer crashed. Although Marriott was not killed, the Stanley brothers decided to set aside their record-breaking ambitions. The brothers also intended to compete in the 1906 Vanderbilt Cup Race with a specially designed \"Vanderbilt Racer\" but were disqualified by the strict entry parameters. In 1903, at the age of 54, Stanley was stricken with a life-threatening resurgence of tuberculosis. The most highly recommended treatment of the day was fresh, dry air with lots of sunlight and a hearty diet. Therefore, like many \"lungers\" of his day, he resolved to take the curative air of Rocky Mountain Colorado. Perhaps this decision was influenced by his familiarity with John Brisben Walker, who had been a property investor in Colorado since 1880 and a resident of Morrison, Colorado after selling \"Cosmo\" to William Randolph Hearst in 1905. He and Flora arrived in Denver in March and were followed shortly by his Stanley Runabout which was shipped by train. After one night at the famous Brown Palace Hotel, Stanley arranged an appointment with Dr. Sherman Grant Bonney (MD, Harvard, 1889), the preeminent American expert in the disease. Dr. Bonney, a great advocate for home treatment, recommended he leave the hotel for a rented house at the first possible convenience. Stanley spent the remainder of the winter at 1401 Gilpin Street but, when his symptoms had not improved by June, he determined to summer in the Colorado mountains. Bonney recommended Estes Park whose climate he compared with that of Davos, Switzerland, a posh resort for European tuberculetics. On June 29, Stanley saw Flora off by train and stagecoach while he set out in his steam car. Having gotten lost and spent the night in Boulder, Stanley arrived a day later, on June 30. During their first summer the couple stayed in a primitive cabin rented to them by the owners of the Elkhorn Lodge. Over the course of the warm season, Stanley's health improved dramatically. Impressed by the beauty of the valley and grateful for his recovery, he decided to return every year. By the end of the summer of 1903, Stanley had acquired property in Estes Park and, with the help of English architect Henry \"Lord Cornwallis\" Rogers whose acquaintance the Stanleys had recently made, he began the construction of Rockside, his home in Colorado. Completed in 1905, the Stanley cottage was built with four bedrooms, gracious living areas and a modern kitchen, so that Flora could entertain summer guests. Stanley, whose primary leisure activities involved billiards, violins and steam cars, designed a basement with space for a billiard table and a detached garage with a violin workshop and a turntable, so that the steam car could exit front-wise rather than in reverse. The front door opened onto a veranda facing south with a view across the Estes Valley towards Long's Peak. Dr. Sherman Bonney apparently approved of his patient's design choices and included images of the house in his book, \"Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Its Complications\" of 1908. It remains standing today west of the Stanley Hotel as a private home. By 1907, Stanley had all but recovered and he returned to Newton for the winter rather than Denver. However, he and Flora had become enamored with the beauty of the Colorado mountains, often comparing them in speeches with those \"rock-ribbed\" hills \"ancient as the sun\" of William Cullen Bryant's \"Thanatopsis\".",
"table and a detached garage with a violin workshop and a turntable, so that the steam car could exit front-wise rather than in reverse. The front door opened onto a veranda facing south with a view across the Estes Valley towards Long's Peak. Dr. Sherman Bonney apparently approved of his patient's design choices and included images of the house in his book, \"Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Its Complications\" of 1908. It remains standing today west of the Stanley Hotel as a private home. By 1907, Stanley had all but recovered and he returned to Newton for the winter rather than Denver. However, he and Flora had become enamored with the beauty of the Colorado mountains, often comparing them in speeches with those \"rock-ribbed\" hills \"ancient as the sun\" of William Cullen Bryant's \"Thanatopsis\". Not content with the rustic accommodations, lazy pastimes and relaxed social scene of their new home, Stanley resolved to turn Estes Park into a resort town. In 1907, construction began on the Hotel Stanley, a grand hotel catering to the class of wealthy urbanites who composed the Stanleys' social circle in Newton. Construction was steel frame with clapboarding on a granite foundation. Although executed to Stanley's specifications, the structure was built with the professional aid of Denver architect, Theilman Robert Weiger. To power the new hotel, Stanley constructed the Fall River Hydro-Plant which consequentially brought electricity to Estes Park for the first time. Upon opening, the hotel had 48 guest rooms, each pair sharing one bathroom. It had a fully electric kitchen and steam laundry, a hydraulic elevator, and electric lights and telephones throughout. Near the main structure, Freelan built a Concert Hall complete with a Steinway Grand Piano as a gift for Flora. During the day, Guests at the Stanley enjoyed golf, bowling, horseback-riding and motor excursions. At night, guests enjoyed formal dinners, concerts and lighter entertainment such as billiards. The steam car played a pivotal role in the operation of the Stanley Hotel. To transport visitors to and from the hotel, Stanley created a twelve-seat model which was thereafter marketed as the \"Mountain Wagon\" and became popular at other resorts such as those near present-day Olympic National Park in the State of Washington. Stanley's presence and the construction of his hotel provided enormous impetus to the Town of Estes Park which incorporated as a city in 1917. In 1904, Stanley organized and partially funded the paving of the Big Thompson Canyon Road (today US 34) to Loveland and, in 1907, the paving of the St. Vrain Road (today US 36). From 1906, he was president of the Protective and Improvement Association and from 1907, first president of the Estes Park Bank. In 1908, he had purchased the vast ranch lands of Lord Dunraven, comprising most of the valley, which he gradually gifted to the town. His largest grant, given in 1936, once called Stanley Park, now comprises the man-made Lake Estes (formed by Olympus Dam 1947-48) the fairgrounds (1941) and present high school campus. Stanley is often remembered for his role in the creation of the Rocky Mountain National Park. As president of the Protective and Improvement Association, Stanley became keenly aware that the charms of the Estes Valley lay in its natural environs and its wildlife. To prevent the gradual destruction of these by increasing numbers of tourists and sportsmen, he organized the establishment of the Fall River Fish Hatchery (1907) and the introduction of a herd of Wapiti Elk from Yellowstone National Park in 1913 (the offspring of whom are now abundant in the Estes Valley). Most importantly, he forged a deep friendship with naturalist Enos Mills who ran the rustic Long's Peak Inn. With Stanley's encouragement and financial support, Mills traveled the country campaigning for the protection of the Rockies of North-Central Colorado. In 1915, Woodrow Wilson signed the order establishing Rocky Mountain National Park, the tenth in US history and, today, the fifth most-visited out of fifty-eight. Stanley and Mills were both present at the dedication ceremony. In 1926, the hotel was sold to the Stanley Corporation, a private company established to manage Freelan's assets in Estes Park. Without Stanley's fortune to pad the annual budget, the corporation soon filed for bankruptcy. Stanley purchased the hotel back at a low price and passed it off again in 1930 to fellow auto and hotel magnate Roe Emery of Denver who would remain the owner until 1947. Although he no longer managed the hotel, Stanley continued to reside each summer at Rockside, his cottage nearby. After adopting Estes Park as his summer home, Stanley turned more from his eastern business ventures and toward philanthropy and the management of his hotel. In 1903, the year he first went to Colorado to treat his tuberculosis, he endowed the construction of a new high school in his old hometown of Kingfield, Maine which remains standing today as a museum dedicated to Stanley's life. In 1905, the dry plate company was sold to Eastman Kodak and the Stanley brothers focused their attention on the Stanley Motor Carriage Company. By 1917, at the age of 68, Freelan and Francis were ready for retirement and stepped down from management. That year, Francis and his wife Augusta were able to visit his brother's property in Estes Park for the first time. The following year, Francis was killed tragically while driving a Stanley automobile on a country road near Wenham, Massachusetts. In 1918, F.O. Stanley sold his interests in the motor carriage company to his nephew-in-law, Prescott Warren who carried on with the production of steam-powered vehicles until the company's closure in 1926. Stanley served on many boards and committees. He was a trustee of Hebron Academy from 1911 and president of the board from 1914 until his death. He endowed the school with funds to build, in 1926, Stanley Arena, the first enclosed high school hockey rink in the nation where future pro-hockey players Eddie Jeremiah (Boston Bruins) and Danny Sullivan (Hershey Bears) would play for Hebron as student athletes. From 1913, he was a trustee of the Maine State Sanatorium Association. In Estes Park, he served as president of numerous organizations working tirelessly to improve and develop the town. In 1933, his own steam-powered car having long been out-competed by combustion-powered models, F.O. Stanley called upon Henry Ford, who now dominated the automobile industry, at his factory in Dearborn, Michigan. During the visit, Ford bought several Stanley violins. By 1926, Flora Stanley's eyesight had deteriorated to such a point that she was no longer comfortable in places she didn't know well. Although the Stanleys continued to travel between Newton and Estes Park, Freelan began to think of retirement from public life, selling his hotel. In 1939, while in Estes Park, Flora suffered a stroke and died soon thereafter at their Colorado home, Rockside. The next year Stanley returned to Estes Park for the summer but maintained an inconspicuous presence. Shortly after his return to Newton in 1940, Stanley suffered heart failure, passing away on October 2. Raised in a Calvinist household in the tee-totaling State of Maine, Stanley did not drink alcoholic beverages. Nor did he smoke cigars, unlike many men of his day, having survived tuberculosis. He was discreet in his religious and political affiliations. Stanley wrote a letter to the \"Newton Graphic\" in 1902 criticizing Christian Science and expressing some negative opinions about orthodox interpretations of scripture. If Stanley held religious beliefs at all, it is likely that he was a modernist christian who shared the attitudes espoused by biblical scholar Charles Augustus Briggs in his controversial address to the Union Theological Seminary in 1876. Stanley's upbringing gave him a love of practical knowledge as well as an appreciation for music and poetry which he enjoyed",
"October 2. Raised in a Calvinist household in the tee-totaling State of Maine, Stanley did not drink alcoholic beverages. Nor did he smoke cigars, unlike many men of his day, having survived tuberculosis. He was discreet in his religious and political affiliations. Stanley wrote a letter to the \"Newton Graphic\" in 1902 criticizing Christian Science and expressing some negative opinions about orthodox interpretations of scripture. If Stanley held religious beliefs at all, it is likely that he was a modernist christian who shared the attitudes espoused by biblical scholar Charles Augustus Briggs in his controversial address to the Union Theological Seminary in 1876. Stanley's upbringing gave him a love of practical knowledge as well as an appreciation for music and poetry which he enjoyed throughout his life. His favorite pastimes were bowling, playing billiards and working in his violin shop. The results of a bowling tournament held at the Hunnewell Club, published in the Newton Graphic, show Stanley placed first and his twin brother in 8th place. He was fiscally conservative and insisted on paying and being paid in cash. He was devoted to his wife Flora to whom he was married for 63 years before her death. They never had children but they remained close to their nieces and nephews and were notoriously kind to the children of Estes Park and those who visited the Stanley Hotel. He was not without a sense of humor, posing for photographs dressed as \"your western man\" in a ten-gallon hat and woolly chaps, or as the \"King of Estes Park\" with a tin canister on his head for a crown, placed there by the local children. F.O. Stanley was inducted into the Colorado Business Hall of Fame by Junior Achievement - Rocky Mountain and the Denver Metro Chamber of Commerce in 2016. In 2016, the Stanley Hotel announced a competition for a sculpture to be the centerpiece of the terrace in front of the hotel. Sculptors Sutton Betti and Daniel Glanz won the competition with a sculpture of F.O. Stanley holding one of his violins. The sculpture was installed and dedicated on September 29, 2016. People Places Institutions Freelan Oscar Stanley Freelan Oscar Stanley (June 1, 1849 – October 2, 1940) was an American inventor, entrepreneur, hotelier and architect. He made his fortune in the manufacture of photographic plates but he is best remembered as the co-founder, along with his twin brother Francis Edgar Stanley, of the Stanley Motor Carriage Company which built steam-powered automobiles until 1920. He also built and operated the Stanley Hotel in Estes Park, Colorado. Freelan"
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"Wald's equation In probability theory, Wald's equation, Wald's identity or Wald's lemma is an important identity that simplifies the calculation of the expected value of the sum of a random number of random quantities. In its simplest form, it relates the expectation of a sum of randomly many finite-mean, independent and identically distributed random variables to the expected number of terms in the sum and the random variables' common expectation under the condition that the number of terms in the sum is independent of the summands. The equation is named after the mathematician Abraham Wald. An identity for the second moment is given by the Blackwell–Girshick equation. Let be a sequence of real-valued, independent and identically distributed random variables and let be a nonnegative integer-value random variable that is independent of the sequence . Suppose that and the have finite expectations. Then Roll a six-sided die. Take the number on the die (call it ) and roll that number of six-sided dice to get the numbers , and add up their values. By Wald's equation, the resulting value on average is Let be an infinite sequence of real-valued random variables and let be a nonnegative integer-valued random variable. Assume that: Then the random sums are integrable and If, in addition, then Remark: Usually, the name \"Wald's equation\" refers to this last equality. Clearly, assumption () is needed to formulate assumption () and Wald's equation. Assumption () controls the amount of dependence allowed between the sequence and the number of terms; see the counterexample below for the necessity. Note that assumption () is satisfied when is a stopping time for the sequence . Assumption () is of more technical nature, implying absolute convergence and therefore allowing arbitrary rearrangement of an infinite series in the proof. If assumption () is satisfied, then assumption () can be strengthened to the simpler condition Indeed, using assumption (), and the last series equals the expectation of , which is finite by assumption (). Therefore, () and () imply assumption (). Assume in addition to () and () that Then all the assumptions (), (), () and (), hence also () are satisfied. In particular, the conditions () and () are satisfied if Note that the random variables of the sequence don't need to be independent. The interesting point is to admit some dependence between the random number of terms and the sequence . A standard version is to assume (), (), () and the existence of a filtration such that Then () implies that the event is in , hence by () independent of . This implies (), and together with () it implies (). For convenience (see the proof below using the optional stopping theorem) and to specify the relation of the sequence and the filtration , the following additional assumption is often imposed: Note that () and () together imply that the random variables are independent. An application is in actuarial science when considering the total claim amount follows a compound Poisson process within a certain time period, say one year, arising from a random number of individual insurance claims, whose sizes are described by the random variables . Under the above assumptions, Wald's equation can be used to calculate the expected total claim amount when information about the average claim number per year and the average claim size is available. Under stronger assumptions and with more information about the underlying distributions, Panjer's recursion can be used to calculate the distribution of . Let be an integrable, -valued random variable, which is independent of the integrable, real-valued random variable with . Define for all . Then assumptions (), (), (), and () with are satisfied, hence also () and (), and Wald's equation applies. If the distribution of is not symmetric, then () does not hold. Note that, when is not almost surely equal to the zero random variable, then () and () cannot hold simultaneously for any filtration , because cannot be independent of itself as is impossible. Let be a sequence of independent, symmetric, and }-valued random variables. For every let be the σ-algebra generated by and define when is the first random variable taking the value . Note that , hence by the ratio test. The assumptions (), () and (), hence () and () with , (), (), and () hold, hence also (), and () and Wald's equation applies. However, () does not hold, because is defined in terms of the sequence . Intuitively, one might expect to have in this example, because the summation stops right after a one, thereby apparently creating a positive bias. However, Wald's equation shows that this intuition is misleading. Consider a sequence of i.i.d. random variables, taking each of the two values 0 and 1 with probability ½ (actually, only is needed in the following). Define . Then is identically equal to zero, hence , but and and therefore Wald's equation does not hold. Indeed, the assumptions (), (), () and () are satisfied, however, the equation in assumption () holds for all except for . Very similar to the second example above, let be a sequence of independent, symmetric random variables, where takes each of the values and with probability ½. Let be the first such that . Then, as above, has finite expectation, hence assumption () holds. Since for all , assumptions () and () hold. However, since almost surely, Wald's equation cannot hold. Since is a stopping time with respect to the filtration generated by , assumption () holds, see above. Therefore, only assumption () can fail, and indeed, since and therefore for every , it follows that Assume (), (), (), (), () and (). Using assumption (), define the sequence of random variables Assumption () implies that the conditional expectation of given equals almost surely for every , hence is a martingale with respect to the filtration by assumption (). Assumptions (), () and () make sure that we can apply the optional stopping theorem, hence is integrable and Due to assumption (), and due to assumption () this upper bound is integrable. Hence we can add the expectation of to both sides of Equation () and obtain by linearity Remark: Note that this proof does not cover the above example with dependent terms. This proof uses only Lebesgue's monotone and dominated convergence theorems. We prove the statement as given above in three steps. We first show that the random sum is integrable. Define the partial sums Since takes its values in and since , it follows that The Lebesgue monotone convergence theorem implies that By the triangle inequality, Using this upper estimate and changing the order of summation (which is permitted because all terms are non-negative), we obtain where the second inequality follows using the monotone convergence theorem. By assumption (), the infinite sequence on the right-hand side of () converges, hence is integrable. We now show that the random sum is integrable. Define the partial sums of real numbers. Since takes its values in and since , it follows that As in step 1, the Lebesgue monotone convergence theorem implies that By the triangle inequality, Using this upper estimate and changing the order of summation (which is permitted because all terms are non-negative), we obtain By assumption (), Substituting this into () yields which is finite by assumption (), hence is integrable. To prove Wald's equation, we essentially go through the same steps again without the absolute value, making use of the integrability of the random sums and in order to show that they have the same expectation. Using the dominated convergence theorem with dominating random variable and the definition of the partial sum given in (), it follows that Due to the absolute convergence proved in () above using assumption (), we may rearrange the summation and obtain that where we used assumption () and the dominated convergence theorem with dominating random variable for the second equality. Due to assumption () and the σ-additivity",
"is permitted because all terms are non-negative), we obtain By assumption (), Substituting this into () yields which is finite by assumption (), hence is integrable. To prove Wald's equation, we essentially go through the same steps again without the absolute value, making use of the integrability of the random sums and in order to show that they have the same expectation. Using the dominated convergence theorem with dominating random variable and the definition of the partial sum given in (), it follows that Due to the absolute convergence proved in () above using assumption (), we may rearrange the summation and obtain that where we used assumption () and the dominated convergence theorem with dominating random variable for the second equality. Due to assumption () and the σ-additivity of the probability measure, Substituting this result into the previous equation, rearranging the summation (which is permitted due to absolute convergence, see () above), using linearity of expectation and the definition of the partial sum of expectations given in (), By using dominated convergence again with dominating random variable , If assumptions () and () are satisfied, then by linearity of expectation, This completes the proof. Wald's equation In probability"
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"Ancilla College Ancilla College, near Donaldson, Indiana, is a two-year private liberal arts college that admits both men and women students. Ancilla College was founded by the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ in 1937 as an extension of DePaul University for the training of novices and candidates of the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ. In 1966 the college started admitting the public as a private liberal arts community college. Ancilla College focuses on serving the seven surrounding counties of Indiana. Ancilla College grants associate degrees in multiple programs, from which Ancilla graduates may easily transfer to a four-year college or university, especially via the transfer agreements that Ancilla College has with 14 Indiana colleges and universities. The Latin word \"ancilla\" means \"handmaid or servant,\" a reference to the college's sponsor, The Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ. The Ancilla Chargers compete in the MCCAA and the NJCAA. Their soccer, volleyball, baseball and softball games are broadcast by the Regional Radio Sports Network. Ancilla College Ancilla College, near Donaldson, Indiana, is a two-year private liberal arts college that admits both men and women students. Ancilla College was founded by the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ in 1937 as an extension of DePaul"
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"Burgfestspiele Bad Vilbel Burgfestspiele Bad Vilbel is a theatre festival in Bad Vilbel Germany. The Burgfestspiele Bad Vilbel founded in 1987 performing from June to September in the historic scenery of the water castle Bad Vilbel. Beside own theatre productions, musicals, an own child program and smaller theatre productions in the cellar, the program of the open air theater is completed by guest performances. The Burgfestspiele perform in the remains of an old water castle from the 12th century, located north in the spa gardens of Bad Vilbel. Knight of Bad Vilbel where living here, from 1581 to 1796 it was the official residence of the Kurmainz administration. Remarkable is the surrounding moat, the gate with hatchment, the baroque well in the courtyard and the large deep cellar. In the festival season from June to September the large stage and a canopied grandstand with about 700 seats are assembled. With a number of visitors exceeding 100,000 in 2015, the Burgfestspiele Bad Vilbel belongs to the top open air theatre festival locations in Germany. Mein Freund Harvey (M. Chase), Evita - Don't cry for me Argentina (A.L. Webber/T. Rice), Der Name der Rose (U. Eco), Der kleine Horrorladen (H. Ashman), Die Zauberflöte (W.A. Mozart), Ronja Räubertochter (A. Lindgren), Jim Knopf und Lukas der Lokomotivführer (M. Ende), Tschick (Wolfgang Herrndorf, Robert Koall), Er ist wieder da (Timur Vermes), Mondscheintarif (Ildikó von Kürthy), Die 39 Stufen (Alfred Hitchcock / John Buchan) Burgfestspiele Bad Vilbel Burgfestspiele Bad Vilbel is a theatre festival in Bad Vilbel Germany. The Burgfestspiele Bad Vilbel founded in 1987 performing from June to September in the historic scenery of the water castle Bad Vilbel. Beside own theatre productions, musicals, an own child program and smaller theatre productions in the cellar, the program of the open air theater is completed by"
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"Jim Rugg Jim Rugg (born February 1, 1977) is an American cartoonist and illustrator from Pittsburgh known for his tongue-in-cheek evocation of 1970s-era comics and pop culture. His graphic novels and comics collections include \"Street Angel\", \"Afrodisiac\", \"The P.L.A.I.N. Janes\" and \"Janes in Love\", \"One Model Nation\", and \"The Guild\". Rugg has also produced short comics for VH1, \"New York\" magazine, \"True Porn\", \"Meathaus\", \"Cinema Sewer\", \"Strange Tales\", the SPX Annual, \"\", \"Dark Horse Presents\", and the \"Next Issue Project\". Rugg's influences include Frank Miller, Erik Larsen, David Lapham, Jack Kirby, David Mazzuchelli, Mike Mignola, the Hernandez brothers, Robert Crumb, Dan Clowes, Chris Ware, and Julie Doucet. Rugg is also inspired by television shows like \"The Office\" and \"Arrested Development\", the films of Wes Anderson, Kobo Abe’s writing, Todd Hido’s photography, and Toba Khedoori's drawings and paintings. He has a BFA in graphic design and painting from a small liberal arts college. While working as a graphic designer, Rugg met and began working with writer Brian Maruca. The result, \"Street Angel\", was self-published as a mini-comic, where it eventually found its way to the publisher Slave Labor Graphics. The first five issues of \"Street Angel\" were collected as a trade paperback by SLG Publishing in 2005. After the cancellation of a video game project and \"The P.L.A.I.N. Janes\" series in 2008, Rugg considered leaving the comics business. His fortunes began turning around in 2009, when he began working on Image Comics' \"One Model Nation\" and Dark Horse Comics' \"The Guild\". In 2010 Rugg (along with co-writer Maruca) released \"Afrodisiac\", collecting stories previously published in anthologies along with new material. (The character first appeared in the pages of \"Street Angel\"). The book is a detailed pastiche of 1970s \"trash\" culture, especially the blaxploitation heroic archetype. The titular hero is an over-the-top '70s-era, kung fu-fighting pimp character depicted in adventures that cross multiple comics styles, from space aliens and flying saucers to dinosaurs to Richard Nixon to Hercules to giant monsters to Dracula. Afrodisiac's production design faithfully evokes the visual style of old comic books, down to faded color schemes and wrinkled, creased covers. He currently teaches in the MFA Visual Narrative program at the School of Visual Arts. Rugg was nominated for a 2010 Ignatz Award for Outstanding Minicomic for \"Rambo\" 3.5. In 2011, \"Afrodisiac\" was nominated for an Eisner Award in the humor category, and in 2015, Rugg won the Eisner for best publication design for \"Little Nemo: Dream Another Dream.\" He served on the Ignatz Award jury in 2006. Jim Rugg Jim Rugg (born February 1, 1977) is an American cartoonist and illustrator from Pittsburgh known for his tongue-in-cheek evocation of 1970s-era comics and pop culture. His graphic novels and comics collections include \"Street Angel\", \"Afrodisiac\", \"The P.L.A.I.N. Janes\" and \"Janes in Love\", \"One Model Nation\", and \"The Guild\". Rugg has also produced short comics for VH1, \"New York\" magazine, \"True Porn\", \"Meathaus\", \"Cinema Sewer\", \"Strange Tales\", the SPX Annual, \"\", \"Dark Horse Presents\", and the \"Next Issue Project\"."
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"Personal Demons (The Twilight Zone) \"Personal Demons\" is the second segment of the eighteenth episode from the first season (1985–86) of the television series \"The Twilight Zone\". Martin Balsam plays the character Rockne O'Bannon in this episode. Rockne S. O'Bannon is a real screenwriter, who also wrote this episode. Rockne O'Bannon is a famous script writer but few people know the truth: he has writer's block and has not had an original idea in twenty years. When he complains to his neighbor about this, he is advised to retire, but Rockne cannot bring himself to do that until he writes one last story. Unfortunately, he has no idea what to write about - until he begins seeing mysterious, hooded creatures in his neighborhood. He is able to escape the creatures at first, which only he can see, but then one night they finally catch up to him. They destroy his car and break into his apartment. After surrounding him, Rockne asks what they want and the creatures request to be the center of his last story. If Rockne will write a story about them they will leave him alone and never return. Presented with the story idea he had been so desperately seeking, Rockne begins writing, and as he puts words on paper the creatures begin to vanish - one by one. Personal Demons (The Twilight Zone) \"Personal Demons\" is the second segment of the eighteenth episode from the first season (1985–86) of the television series \"The Twilight Zone\". Martin Balsam plays the character Rockne O'Bannon in this episode. Rockne S. O'Bannon is a real screenwriter, who also wrote this episode. Rockne O'Bannon is a famous script writer but few people know the truth: he has writer's block and has not had an original idea in twenty years. When he"
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"Herbert Evans (actor) Modern viewers will remember Evans as the Earl of Glenheather Castle in The Three Stooges comedy \"The Hot Scots\" and its remake \"Scotched in Scotland\". He also excelled as the well-meaning but clueless butler Wilkes in \"Vagabond Loafers\". He also appeared in the \"Our Gang\" short \"Shrimps for a Day\". In addition to his work in the short subject genre, Evans appeared—often uncredited—in such films as \"Casablanca\", \"Strangers on a Train\", \"Annie Get Your Gun\" and \"Song of the Thin Man\". He also had bit roles in the Shirley Temple vehicles \"Curly Top\" and \"Wee Willie Winkie\". Evans died on 10 February 1952 shortly after filming for \"The Brigand\" was completed. Herbert Evans (actor) Modern viewers will remember Evans as the Earl of Glenheather Castle in The Three Stooges comedy \"The Hot Scots\" and its remake \"Scotched in Scotland\". He also excelled as the well-meaning but clueless butler Wilkes in \"Vagabond Loafers\". He also appeared in the \"Our Gang\" short \"Shrimps for a Day\". In addition to his work in the short subject genre, Evans appeared—often uncredited—in such films as \"Casablanca\", \"Strangers on a Train\", \"Annie Get Your Gun\" and \"Song of the Thin Man\". He also"
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"Trondheim Fjord The Trondheim Fjord or Trondheimsfjorden (), an inlet of the Norwegian Sea, is Norway's third-longest fjord at long. It is located in the west-central part of the country in Trøndelag county, and it stretches from the municipality of Ørland in the west to the municipality of Steinkjer in the north, passing the city of Trondheim on its way. Its maximum depth is , between Agdenes and Indre Fosen. The largest islands in the fjord are Ytterøya and Tautra; the small island of Munkholmen is located near the harbor of Trondheim; and there are several islands at the entrance of the fjord. The narrow \"Skarnsundet\" is crossed by the Skarnsund Bridge. The part of the fjord to the north of the strait is referred to as the \"Beitstadfjorden\". The main part of the Trondheimsfjord is ice-free all year; only Verrasundet, a long and narrow fjord branch in the northern part of the fjord, might be ice covered in winter. The Beitstadfjorden might also freeze over in winter, but only for a few weeks. The towns of Stjørdalshalsen, Levanger, and Steinkjer are found on the eastern and northeastern shores of the fjord. Aker Verdal in Verdal produces large offshore installations for the petroleum sector. A yard in Indre Fosen completed the luxurious apartment ship \"MS The World\". Fiborgtangen is a peninsula along the eastern shore of the fjord where a large paper mill owned by Norske Skog is located. The Trondheimsfjord has rich marine life, with both southern and northern species; at least 90 species of fish have been observed, and the fjord has the largest biological production among Norway's fjords. In recent years, deep water corals (\"Lophelia pertusa\") were discovered in the fjord, not far from the city of Trondheim. Several of the best salmon rivers in Norway empty into the fjord. Among these are the rivers Gaula (in Melhus just south of Trondheim), Orklaelva (in Orkdal), Stjørdalselva (in Stjørdal), and Verdalselva (in Verdal). The lowland east and south of the fjord represents one of Norway's best agricultural areas. The more rugged and mountainous Fosen peninsula lies to the west and northwest, giving some shelter from the wind common to coastal areas. The Trondheimsfjord was an important waterway in the Viking Age, as it is still today. In 1888, an undersea mudslide caused a tsunami that killed one person in Trondheim and ruptured three railway lines. Four giant squid have been found in the fjord, which is among the highest concentrations in the world. The fjord is named after the city of Trondheim, but originally the name of the fjord might have been just \"*Þrónd\" or \"*Þróund\" in Old Norse. A name like that would be related to the verb \"þróast\", which means to 'thrive' or 'flourish' and the name \"Þrór\", which means 'likeable' or 'stoutish' (and was one of Odin's nicknames). If this is the case, then the people living around the fjord (the \"þrœndir\"; see Trøndelag) named themselves after the fjord. (Compare \"sygnir\", which means 'the people living around the fjord Sogn'.) Trondheim Fjord The Trondheim Fjord or Trondheimsfjorden (), an inlet of the Norwegian Sea, is Norway's third-longest fjord at long. It is located in the west-central part of the country in Trøndelag county, and it stretches from the municipality of Ørland in the west to the municipality of Steinkjer in the north, passing the city of Trondheim on its way. Its maximum depth is , between Agdenes and Indre Fosen. The largest islands in the fjord are Ytterøya and Tautra; the small island of Munkholmen is located near the harbor of Trondheim; and there are"
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"R. Rajalakshmi R. Rajalakshmi is an Indian politician and was a member of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Mylapore constituency in Chennai District. She represented the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party. The elections of 2016 resulted in her constituency being won by R. Nataraj. Rajalakshmi was one of thirteen AIADMK MLAs in the Greater Chennai area who were deselected by the party, apparently in an attempt to thwart a potential anti-incumbency backlash from the electorate following the recent flooding. It was felt that fresh faces would put some distance between the past and the present. R. Rajalakshmi R. Rajalakshmi is an Indian politician and was a member of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Mylapore constituency in Chennai District. She represented the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party. The elections of 2016 resulted in her constituency being won by R. Nataraj. Rajalakshmi was one of thirteen AIADMK MLAs in the Greater Chennai area who were deselected by the party, apparently in an attempt to thwart a potential anti-incumbency backlash from the electorate following the recent flooding. It was felt that fresh faces would put some distance between the past and the present."
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"Dangerous Exile Dangerous Exile is a 1957 British historical drama film directed by Brian Desmond Hurst and starring Louis Jourdan, Belinda Lee, Anne Heywood and Richard O'Sullivan. It concerns the fate of Louis XVII, who died in 1795 as a boy, yet was popularly believed to have escaped from his French revolutionary captors. The Duke Philippe de Beauvais smuggles his own son into the prison cell where Louis XVII is kept. Thus Louis XVII can escape unnoticed to England. Unfortunately the aerostat, steered by Duke Philippe de Beauvais, lands accidentally on a remote island. There an American spinster, Virginia Traill, takes care of the strange child. She finds the dauphin profoundly traumatised and not interested in becoming a king. Meanwhile, Louis' uncle in Vienna has declared himself the new French king. In order to safeguard his claim on the throne, he sends assassins who shall murder the dauphin. Being unaware of the exchange, he has Richard de Beauvais killed. But now the dauphin's torturers recognise they have been deceived. Informed by a message of an English spy they send a ship to the island where the real dauphin hides. They attack the house of Virginia Traill and stop at nothing to detect the dauphin's hiding-place. The film was shot in Pinewood Studios and on location in Cornwall in 1957. Lee was injured when her hair caught fire during a scene. The \"Manchester Guardian\" called the film \"monstrous twaddle\" with \"just one merit - its beautifully colored photography\". \"The New York Times\" called it \"a beautifully mounted tale\" which \"rarely comes to life, except in the superb, effectively colored period settings... Under Brian Desmond Hurst's rather unimaginative direction, the action simply lacks sustained suspense, instead of crawling with it... The lavish, meticulous castle interiors, the sweeping, azure-tinted coastal landscapes, and the murkiness of the Paris dungeons — all these have been woven into a striking background tapestry by Jack Maxsted, the art director.\" Dangerous Exile Dangerous Exile is a 1957 British historical drama film directed by Brian Desmond Hurst and starring Louis Jourdan, Belinda Lee, Anne Heywood and Richard O'Sullivan. It concerns the fate of Louis XVII, who died in 1795 as a boy, yet was popularly believed to have escaped from his French revolutionary captors. The Duke Philippe de Beauvais smuggles his own son into the prison cell where Louis XVII is kept. Thus Louis XVII can escape unnoticed to"
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"Jayme Alaric de Perpignan Jayme Alaric de Perpignan was an ambassador sent by Pope Clement IV and James I of Aragon to the Mongol ruler Abaqa Khan in 1267. The Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos had sent his illegitimate daughter Maria Palaiologina to be the bride of Hulagu Khan, Abaqa's predecessor. Hulagu died before she arrived, and she was thus wed instead to Abaqa. She became a popular religious figure to the Mongols, who had previously looked to Doquz Khatun, Hulagu's wife, as a religious leader. After the death of Doquz, this sentiment turned to Maria, who was called \"Despina Khatun\". Clement and James had been encouraged by this, towards the possibility that the Mongols might join the Europeans in a Franco-Mongol alliance against the Muslims. From Viterbo in 1267, they sent a letter, carried by Jayme Alaric de Perpignan. It was responding positively to previous messages from the Mongols, and informed Abaqa of the upcoming Crusade (the Eighth Crusade). However, Abaqa was distracted by wars with other sections of the Mongol Empire, and would only make vague promises of assistance. Jayme Alaric would return to Europe in 1269, accompanied by a Mongol embassy. Franco-Mongol alliance Jayme Alaric de Perpignan"
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"Aloiampelos Aloiampelos (combination of 'Aloe' and 'ampelos'=vine or creeper), formerly Aloe\" ser. \"Macrifoliae (the climbing-aloes) is a genus of succulent plants in the subfamily Asphodeloideae, comprising seven species found in Southern Africa. They are typically multi-branched climbing or sprawling shrubs, with long spindly stems and a large woody base on the ground. These characteristics, as well as their soft, narrow, triangular leaves whose lower part ensheathes the stem, make them easy to distinguish. The genus is centered in the Eastern Cape, South Africa where they are also particularly common. A few rare species also occur in isolated pockets further west in the fynbos vegetation of the Western Cape. , the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families recognized the following species: The most common species in this group is probably \"Aloiampelos ciliaris\" which is relatively widespread in South Africa. It seems to have developed from a smaller, rarer, finely leaved plant now classified as a subspecies, \"Aloiampelos ciliaris\" subsp. \"tidmarshi\", and to have spread out across the country relatively recently. Its relatives, moving westwards along the South African coast, are: \"Aloiampelos tenuior\" of Kwazulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape, \"Aloiampelos striatula\" of the higher mountain ranges bordering the Karoo, and \"Aloiampelos gracilis\" of the area around Port Elizabeth (where the Eastern Cape thickets fade into the Western Cape fynbos vegetation). Further west, the Fynbos vegetation of the neighbouring Western Cape is subject to frequent fires, making it relatively inhospitable for Aloes. Nevertheless, several rare relict \"Aloiampelos\" species survive in tiny isolated pockets within the Fynbos biome, such as \"Aloiampelos decumbens\", \"Aloiampelos juddii\" and \"Aloiampelos commixta\". The unusual and endangered \"Aloe pearsonii\" (Pearson's aloe) of Namibia has been considered by many botanists to be an outlying member of this taxon. However more recent chemical analysis indicates that it is actually closer to the \"creeping aloes\" (\"Mitriformes\"). \"Aloiampelos\" is native to Southern Africa, being found in South Africa (the Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal, the Free State and the Northern Provinces) and Lesotho. Species in the genus have been naturalized in France, Algeria, Morocco, the Canary Islands, Norfolk Island and the Juan Fernández Islands. The different species of this series show clear and distinct adaptations to their different natural habitats. The climbing aloe species that are indigenous to regions with tall, thicket vegetation are tall and erect - often with hooked, recurved leaves that allow the aloes to anchor their branches and climb up through trees and thickets. In contrast, the species from drier regions with low, sparse, fynbos vegetation tend to be more \"decumbent\", rambling along the ground - with no need for their leaves to be recurved. Due to their hardiness and the wide range of flower colours, these slender succulents have become popular ornamental plants in South African gardens. The commoner species (such as the more widespread aloes of the Eastern Cape) are increasingly grown in gardens overseas too. Climbing aloes require a sunny, well-drained position and are particularly suitable for rockeries. The taller, climbing species are commonly planted along fences and boundaries where they grow up through the surrounding foliage. The lower, rambling species however, are better suited for rockeries, slopes or terraces, which they will naturally cascade down over. The colour of the flowers varies from bright yellow (\"Aloiampelos commixta\" and \"Aloiampelos tenuior\") to orange (\"Aloiampelos striatula\" and \"Aloiampelos commixta\") to red, pink or even scarlet (\"Aloiampelos ciliaris\", \"Aloiampelos juddii\" and \"Aloiampelos gracilis\"). There can also be significant colour variation among different populations within each individual species. They can easily be propagated by taking cuttings (truncheons), as well as by seed. These aloes generally have both male and female flowers on each plant, but an individual plant is usually not self-fertile by itself. However, some of the species are also inter-fertile, and can thus form hybrids. Aloiampelos Aloiampelos (combination of 'Aloe' and 'ampelos'=vine or creeper), formerly Aloe\" ser. \"Macrifoliae (the climbing-aloes) is a genus of succulent plants in the subfamily Asphodeloideae, comprising seven species found in Southern Africa. They are typically multi-branched climbing or sprawling shrubs, with long spindly stems and a large woody base on the ground. These characteristics, as well as their soft, narrow, triangular leaves whose lower part ensheathes the stem, make them easy to distinguish. The genus"
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"Borodino District School No. 8 Borodino District School #8, known previously as Borodino District School #11, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. The one-room schoolhouse was probably built between 1853, when the property was sold to the school trustees and 1859 when it first appears on a map of Borodino. It is a clapboard building in the Italianate style topped by a square cupola with a gabled roof. The interior is a single room with a twelve-foot ceiling. The walls and ceiling are beaded board. Two chalkboards are still in evidence. The school closed in 1956, probably due to the lack of running water and proper toilet facilities required by law after that time. The building currently operates as a seasonal store called the Borodino Market. Borodino District School No. 8 Borodino District School #8, known previously as Borodino District School #11, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. The one-room schoolhouse was probably built between 1853, when the property was sold to the school trustees and 1859 when it first appears on a map of Borodino. It is a clapboard building in the Italianate style topped by a square cupola"
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"Vågar du, vågar jag \"Vågar du, vågar jag\" () is a song written by Bobby Ljunggren, Fredrik Kempe and Henrik Wikström, and performed by Sanna Nielsen at Melodifestivalen 2007. The song participated at the semifinals in the town of Gävle on 24 February 2007, and reached the finals via Andra chansen in Nyköping on March 3 2007. Once reaching the finals inside the Stockholm Globe Arena, the song ended up 7th. On 5 March 2007 the single was released, peaking at 10th position at the Swedish singles chart. The song also charted at Svensktoppen, entering the chart on 29 April 2007 reaching an eight position. At Svensktoppen, the song peaked at 7th position during a visit lasting four weeks, ending with an eight position on 20 May 2007. Vågar du, vågar jag \"Vågar du, vågar jag\" () is a song written by Bobby Ljunggren, Fredrik Kempe and Henrik Wikström, and performed by Sanna Nielsen at Melodifestivalen 2007. The song participated at the semifinals in the town of Gävle on 24 February 2007, and reached the finals via Andra chansen in Nyköping on March 3 2007. Once reaching the finals inside the Stockholm Globe Arena, the song ended up 7th. On"
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"Ben Wilson (English footballer) Ben Wilson (born 9 August 1992) is an English footballer who plays for Bradford City as a goalkeeper. Wilson began his career with Sunderland in 2006 earning a professional contract in 2010 and played a match with Harrogate Town. He went out on loan to Gateshead and Chesterfield failing to make an appearance for either and was released by Sunderland in the summer of 2013. After leaving Sunderland Wilson joined Cambridge United on a non-contract basis on 9 August 2013. He joined Accrington Stanley on 27 August 2013 and made his professional debut on 3 September 2013 in a 1–0 defeat against Crewe Alexandra in the Football League Trophy. He left Stanley after a single Football League Trophy appearance, in November 2013 after his contract was cancelled by mutual consent. He joined Cardiff City in the same month. On 7 July 2014, Wilson played 10 minutes as a midfielder, against Carmarthen Town in a friendly. Wilson has featured on the bench several times during the 2014–2015 season as well as making a number of under 21 appearances. The following season, Wilson signed a new contract keeping him in South Wales until 2017. He made his Cardiff debut against AFC Wimbledon on 11 August 2015 in the League Cup. Two months later, Wilson joined AFC Wimbledon on an emergency one-month loan deal that was extended. Wilson was signed as a short-term replacement for the injured James Shea. He made his Wimbledon debut on the same day he was signed in a 3–4 League Two away win against Accrington Stanley. After conceding a goal from a free-kick taken by Jerome Okimo from inside his own half during a 2–1 defeat to Stevenage, Wilson became embroiled in a row with Wimbledon supporters after he received criticism of his performance on social media website Twitter. Wilson responded to the messages by posting \"you're still paying to watch me every week and helping towards my wage, I'm laughing and you're losing out\". His loan spell was cut short ahead of schedule two days later on 14 December 2015. His league debut came on 27 August 2016, where he played in a 1–0 loss to Reading, after signing a two-year contract extension. Having not made an appearance for Cardiff since September 2016, Wilson joined League One side Rochdale on loan for the remainder of the 2016–17 season. At the start of the following season, Wilson joined Oldham Athletic on loan until 1 January 2018. On 31 January 2018, he joined Telford United on loan. He signed for Bradford City in July 2018. Ben Wilson (English footballer) Ben Wilson (born 9 August 1992) is an English footballer who plays for Bradford City as a goalkeeper. Wilson began his career with Sunderland in 2006 earning a professional contract in 2010 and played a match with Harrogate Town. He went out on loan to Gateshead and Chesterfield failing to make an appearance for either and was released by Sunderland in the summer of 2013. After"
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"Wang Muzhi Empress Wang Muzhi (王穆之) (died 365), formally Empress Aijing (哀靖皇后, literally \"the lamentable and peaceful empress\") was an empress of Jin Dynasty (265-420). Her husband was Emperor Ai. Wang Muzhi's father Wang Meng (王濛) was at one time the chief assistant to a prime minister, but it is not clear which prime minister he served. She became Emperor Ai's wife while he was still the Prince of Langye during the reign of his cousin Emperor Mu, and she carried the title of Princess of Langye. After he became emperor in 361 following Emperor Mu's death, he created her empress. She did not bear any children, and she died in 365. A few months later, he would die as well, from complications of poisoning he suffered by taking pills given him by magicians in search of immortality. They were buried together with imperial honors. Wang Muzhi Empress Wang Muzhi (王穆之) (died 365), formally Empress Aijing (哀靖皇后, literally \"the lamentable and peaceful empress\") was an empress of Jin Dynasty (265-420). Her husband was Emperor Ai. Wang Muzhi's father Wang Meng (王濛) was at one time the chief assistant to a prime minister, but it is not clear which prime minister"
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"Gary Kidd Gary Edward Kidd (born 18 September 1985) is an Irish cricketer. He is a left-handed batsman and a left-arm slow bowler. He participated in the 2004 and 2006 Under-19 World Cups for Ireland. Kidd played domestic cricket for Waringstown Cricket Club. He played for Ireland in the 2004 Under-19 Cricket World Cup in Bangladesh. He played all seven matches for Ireland and was Ireland's most economical regular bowler, bowling more overs than any other Irish bowler during the tournament. He took 8 wickets at an average of 26.37 and only conceded 3.47 runs per over. As a result of this form he was called up to make his debut for Ireland's senior team against Marylebone Cricket Club in June 2004 despite still being a schoolboy. Kidd was young enough to again play for Ireland in the 2006 Under-19 Cricket World Cup in Sri Lanka. He was again Ireland's most economical bowler getting regular overs and he again took eight wickets. After this tournament he had played thirteen Youth One Day Internationals for Ireland with a career bowling average of 25.50. Kidd played four games for Ireland A in the EurAsia Series in 2006. He made his List A cricket debut during the tournament against the United Arab Emirates. His form in both the Under-19 World Cup and the EurAsia series meant he was included in Ireland's squad for the ICC Intercontinental Cup for the first time in 2006, though he did not play. Kidd was a reserve in Ireland's squad for the 2007 Cricket World Cup but was not required to play. Kidd played for MCC Young Cricketers and was then called up to play for Ireland again in the 2007 Friends Provident Trophy when their international player Jesse Ryder, from New Zealand, missed a flight. During 2007 he was also part of Ireland's Under-23s team when they defeated Scotland to become European champions. Kidd made his One Day International debut for Ireland in July against the Netherlands as part of the Quadrangular Series in Ireland in 2007. In February 2008 Kidd went to India as part of the ICC European Cricket Academy 2008, one of four Irishmen to take part. In 2008 he made his first-class cricket debut for Ireland in the Intercontinental Cup against the Netherlands. One of his best performances for Ireland came against Norway when he took 4/25 in a comfortable eight-wicket win to kick off the 2008 European Championships. After the European Championships Kidd had a two-year absence from Ireland's national team. In the interim he played for Ireland A and worked with the ground staff at Lord's in London before returning to Ireland to finish a university degree. In 2010 he returned to the team to play an Intercontinental Cup match against Afghanistan and played a single Twenty20 International, the first and only of his career, against Canada national cricket team in the Sri Lanka Associates T20 Series. He was then named in Ireland's squad for the 2010 ICC World Twenty20 but did not play in the tournament. Gary Kidd Gary Edward Kidd (born 18 September 1985) is an Irish cricketer. He is a left-handed batsman and a left-arm slow bowler. He participated in the 2004 and 2006 Under-19 World Cups for Ireland. Kidd played domestic cricket for Waringstown Cricket Club. He played for Ireland in the 2004 Under-19 Cricket World Cup in Bangladesh. He played all seven matches for Ireland and was Ireland's most economical regular bowler, bowling more overs than any other Irish bowler during the tournament. He took 8 wickets at an average of 26.37 and only conceded 3.47"
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"Zeydin Yusup Zeydin Yusup, also known as Zeydin Kari or Ziauddin Yusuf, was the founder and leader of the East Turkestan Islamic Party. Abdul Hameed, Abdul Azeez Makhdoom, and Abdul Hakeem Makhdoom launched the Islamic Party of Turkistan in 1940. After being set free from prison in 1979, Abdul Hakeem instructed Hasan Mahsum and other Uyghurs in fundamentalist Islam. In 1989 Zeydin Yusup started the group which was originally called East Turkistan Islamic Party (ETIP). The movement was reshuffled by Hasan Mahsum and Abudukadir Yapuquan in 1997 into its present incarnation. Zeydin Yusup was the mastermind behind the Baren Township riot, otherwise known as the Baren rebellion, in which he led 200 men in Baren, Akto County, in armed conflict against Chinese government forces. The uprising soon spread to nine townships across Kizilsu. He was killed during the Baren Township riot on 6 April 1990. TIP's \"Islamic Turkistan\" magazine in its 3rd edition commemorated the death of its member Dia al din bin Yusuf (Zeydin Yusup). Doğu Türkistan Bülteni Haber Ajansı mentioned a brief history of the TIP, from Zeyidin Yusuf founding it in 1988 in \"East Turkestan\", to its participation in the 1990 riots and insurgency, its \"jihad in the path of Allah\", its migration in 1996 under Hasan Mahsum to the Taliban-controlled Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, and its war since 2001 against the \"Crusaders\" for 15 years in the \"Afghan jihad\", to 2012, when it entered the Syrian Civil War. It released a video showing footage of its battles in Syria including at Abu Dhuhur. Zeydin Yusup Zeydin Yusup, also known as Zeydin Kari or Ziauddin Yusuf, was the founder and leader of the East Turkestan Islamic Party. Abdul Hameed, Abdul Azeez Makhdoom, and Abdul Hakeem Makhdoom launched the Islamic Party of Turkistan in 1940. After being set"
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"Matsuzaka Generation The is a term used to collectively describe the (usually Japanese) baseball players that belong to current Chunichi Dragons starting pitcher Daisuke Matsuzaka's age group. As per Japanese laws on how children are to be divided into grade levels, this term refers to players born between April 2, 1980, and April 1, 1981. The term was coined by the Japanese media as the age group that came to be known as one of the deepest and most talented in Japanese professional baseball history. In , then-Waseda Jitsugyo High School pitcher Daisuke Araki rose to national stardom for his sensational performance in the 62nd National High School Baseball Championship despite being in only his first year (Japanese equivalent of tenth grade) of high school. Araki went on to pitch in five consecutive national tournaments (spring and summer), including the National High School Baseball Invitational Tournament. His popularity, particularly among women, became such a cultural phenomenon that studies showed that Daisuke (in particular, that with the Kanji characterization \"大輔\") was the most popular name given to newborn infants in Japan from 1979 to 1986. Four of the players belonging to the Matsuzaka Generation (namely, Daisuke Matsuzaka, Orix Buffaloes pitcher Daisuke Katoh and former Chunichi Dragons pitchers Daisuke Sakai and Daisuke Ue) were given this name and Kanji. Although the year is often associated with Matsuzaka's stellar performance as the ace pitcher for Yokohama Senior High School in the 80th National High School Baseball Championship, it was also the final year of high school for many current NPB players. Some went on to the pros immediately after high school, while others did so after playing in college or the industrial leagues. The media coined the term \"Matsuzaka Generation\" to describe those born between 2 April 1980 and 1 April 1981 for a number of reasons; namely, that an exceedingly high number of players who played in the 80th National High School Baseball Tournament succeeded at the professional level; that many who went on to play at some of the highest levels of Japanese college baseball like the Tokyo Big6 and Tohto University leagues became ace pitchers for their teams as freshmen and sophomores; and that many prominent Japanese athletes as well as celebrities were born during this span as well. (It can also be said, in turn, that Matsuzaka was able to enjoy an exceptional career in the pros despite being surrounded by such a concentration of talent.) The name is thus not accredited to any particular team or organization and is said to have occurred naturally. While other age groups seen to consist of many talented players have since been given similar names—those born between 2 April 1988 and 1 April 1989 are sometimes referred to as the or in reference to Waseda University pitcher Yuki Saito or, alternatively, the in reference to New York Yankees pitcher Masahiro Tanaka—Matsuzaka's age group was the first to be given the name \"世代\", meaning \"Generation\". No single age group has produced players who have as yet collectively succeeded at the professional level to the extent to which Matsuzaka's has. On March 3, 2003, major Japanese television network Mainichi Broadcasting System ran a special feature titled \"Matsuzaka Generation – Spring, For Each of the 22-Year-Olds\" (using the \"ジェネレーション\", the literal katakana syllabary for \"Generation\", instead of the Japanese word \"世代\", or \"sedai\") on its popular documentary television series \"Jounetsu Tairiku\". It covered the lives of various players who belonged to the group, some who had gone on to the pros (Nagisa Arakaki), some who still hoped to be drafted (Katsumi Higaki) and some who had decided to pursue other careers altogether (Satoshi Kamishige), nearly five years after the now-legendary 80th National High School Baseball Championship. The term \"Matsuzaka Generation\" is often used to describe players belonging to this age group more so for its sheer \"simplicity\" rather than to recognize the accomplishments of Matsuzaka himself. Despite this, players' reactions to this name being used have been mixed: the Yomiuri Giants organization is famous for rejecting the name altogether and announcing, \"Please refer to the players that belong to the Matsuzaka Generation on \"our\" team as the '80's' (Eighties).\" Hanshin Tigers pitcher Tomoyuki Kubota once remarked, \"It makes it sound like Matsuzaka is the only one who makes this group relevant. The only thing we have in common is that we're the same age.\" Likewise, Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks pitcher Nagisa Arakaki has said, \"Someday I'll make them call it the 'Arakaki Generation'\". The Yokohama BayStars once referred to the age group as the \"Koike Generation\" for then-BayStars outfielder Masaaki Koike (now with the Chunichi Dragons) within the team. While all of the players belonging to the group were naturally born within a one-year span, they entered the pros in different years depending on how many years they had spent in college, the industrial and/or the independent leagues (if at all). As the term \"Matsuzaka Generation\" became more commonplace, the media began to refer to a player who was drafted into the NPB in \"later\" years because he had enjoyed an established career at the amateur level prior to going pro as . There is no record of any member of this group who went pro straight after high school or spent four years in college (and was thus drafted in ) ever being referred to as \"The Last Star\". The first player known to have been called by this name is current Hanshin Tigers pitcher Yasutomo Kubo, who spent six years in the industrial leagues before being drafted in despite being a well-known draft prospect since high school who once led his team to the finals of the 80th National High School Baseball Championship (losing to Yokohama Senior High). Shortstop Eishin Soyogi was also referred to as \"The Last Star of the Matsuzaka Generation\" when he played well in his rookie season with the Hiroshima Carp in , though the title failed to catch on. (The name has only been used for players with established track records at the amateur level, explaining why players like shortstop Naoto Watanabe were not called \"The Last Star\" when they were drafted in .) In , Triple-A Sacramento pitcher Kazuhito Tadano was again referred to as \"The Last Star of the Matsuzaka Generation\" upon being drafted, though his situation differed in that he was not a true \"rookie\", having played for the major league team Cleveland Indians from to . (His situation was complicated due to an appearance in a gay porn film that caused NPB teams to blackball him and force him to play in the United States.) The last \"actual\" player belonging to this age group to go pro is shortstop/third baseman Jobu Morita, who played for Mitsubishi Motors Okazaki of the Japanese industrial leagues, the Elmira Pioneers of the New York Collegiate Baseball League, and the Kagawa Olive Guyners of the independent Shikoku-Kyushu Island League before being drafted by the Golden Eagles in . The term is typically only used in reference to Japanese players, but the Japanese media has, at times, referred to other (non-Japanese) major leaguers born during the aforementioned span as belonging to the \"Matsuzaka Generation\", most notably former Red Sox pitchers Josh Beckett and Jonathan Papelbon. Many other established major leagues belong to this age group, including New York Yankees pitcher C.C. Sabathia, Los Angeles Angels pitcher Dan Haren, New York Mets outfielder Curtis Granderson, Houston Astros pitcher Brett Myers, Phillies outfielder Shane Victorino, Chicago White Sox outfielder Alex Ríos, Tampa Bay Rays first/third baseman Hank Blalock, Cleveland Indians first baseman/outfielder Nick Swisher and free agent pitcher Mark Prior. There are currently 53 active players in Nippon Professional Baseball that belong to the Matsuzaka Generation (excludes foreign players acquired outside of the amateur",
"(non-Japanese) major leaguers born during the aforementioned span as belonging to the \"Matsuzaka Generation\", most notably former Red Sox pitchers Josh Beckett and Jonathan Papelbon. Many other established major leagues belong to this age group, including New York Yankees pitcher C.C. Sabathia, Los Angeles Angels pitcher Dan Haren, New York Mets outfielder Curtis Granderson, Houston Astros pitcher Brett Myers, Phillies outfielder Shane Victorino, Chicago White Sox outfielder Alex Ríos, Tampa Bay Rays first/third baseman Hank Blalock, Cleveland Indians first baseman/outfielder Nick Swisher and free agent pitcher Mark Prior. There are currently 53 active players in Nippon Professional Baseball that belong to the Matsuzaka Generation (excludes foreign players acquired outside of the amateur draft). A total of 94 players belonging to this generation (including all active players) have once been on one of the twelve professional baseball teams' rosters. Matsuzaka himself and Kazuhito Tadano played for teams in Major League Baseball. \"Below is a partial list of said players. It includes only those for which English Wikipedia pages exist (as of 9 October 2010).\" Many well-known Japanese athletes as well as celebrities were also born during this aforementioned span. \"Below is a partial list of such figures.\" Matsuzaka Generation The is a term used to collectively describe the (usually Japanese) baseball players that belong to current Chunichi Dragons starting pitcher Daisuke Matsuzaka's"
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"Åke Lindemalm Åke Fredrik Lindemalm (26 February 1910 – 30 April 2004) was a Swedish Navy admiral. He was acting Chief of the Naval Staff from 1960 to 1961 and Chief of the Navy from 1961 to 1970. Lindemalm was born in Lima, Sweden, the son of district medical officer Oskar Lindemalm and his wife Augusta (née Florén). He passed \"studentexamen\" at Högre Allmänna Läroverket in Uppsala in 1928 and became an acting sub-lieutenant (\"fänrik\") in the Swedish Navy in 1931. He was a training officer for the Cabin Boy Corps (\"Skeppsgossekåren\") on the full-rigged ship \"af Chapman\" from 1936 to 1937. Lindemalm became an officer cadet in 1938 and spent two and a half years ashore at the Royal Swedish Naval Academy and on a long trip to South America with the seaplane cruiser as well as aboard different cadet ships to form the cadets to prospective officers in the course of 1941. During World War II he served as captain of various submarines. Lindemalm was a teacher at the Royal Swedish Naval Staff College from 1948 to 1951. Lindemalm was promoted to commander of the 2nd rank in 1949 and was commanding officer of the 1st Submarine Flotilla in 1951. Lindemalm then served at the Operations Department of the Naval Staff from 1952 to 1955 and was promoted to commander of the 1st rank in 1953. He was captain of the cruiser from 1955 to 1956 and was promoted to captain the following year. Lindemalm was flag captain from 1957 to 1959 and inspector of the submarine and helicopter service from 1959 to 1961 when he was promoted to rear admiral. He was acting Chief of the Naval Staff from 1960 to 1961 when he was promoted to vice admiral. He was appointed Chief of the Navy in 1961 and for economic reasons had to proceed with the reduction of the number of ships and coastal artillery pieces, which his predecessor had begun. However, submarines which was ordered was of high technical quality, the Swedish Coastal Artillery transition to medium and light pieces was started and the helicopter's increased importance for naval warfare was continued by Lindemalm. He was promoted to admiral upon his retirement in 1970. Lindemalm was a special honorary member of the Lund Academic Officer Society. He became a member of the Royal Swedish Society of Naval Sciences in 1949 (honorary member in 1961) and of the Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences in 1957. Lindemalm was board member of the Svenska AB Philips from 1970 to 1982 and chairman of the same from 1974 to 1982. He was board member of the Svenska Philipsföretagen AB from 1977 to 1982 and of the British Scandinavian Aviation AB from 1972 to 1985. In 1934 Lindemalm married Karin Denning (1909–1992), the daughter of Viktor Karlsson and Matilda (née Hagelin). He was the father of Per (born 1939), Gunnar (born 1942) and Mats (born 1944). Lindemalm died on 30 April 2004 and was buried at Galärvarvskyrkogården in Stockholm. Åke Lindemalm Åke Fredrik Lindemalm (26 February 1910 – 30 April 2004) was a Swedish Navy admiral. He was acting Chief of the Naval Staff from 1960 to 1961 and Chief of the Navy from 1961 to 1970. Lindemalm was born in Lima, Sweden, the son of district medical officer Oskar Lindemalm and his wife Augusta (née Florén). He passed \"studentexamen\" at Högre Allmänna Läroverket in Uppsala in 1928 and became an acting sub-lieutenant (\"fänrik\") in the Swedish Navy in 1931. He was a training officer for the Cabin Boy Corps (\"Skeppsgossekåren\") on the full-rigged ship \"af Chapman\" from 1936"
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"Conrad Humphreys Conrad David Humphreys (born 13 February 1973) is a professional yachtsman, adventurer and motivational speaker. Conrad has competed in three round the world races, two fully crewed (Whitbread Round the World Race 1993-94 and the BT Global Challenge 2000-01) and one single handed (Vendee Globe 2004-5) He has also competed in the Transat (2004), the Route du Rhum (2002, 2014), the Transat Jacques Vabre (2003), the Archipelago Raid (2008-2011) the Extreme Sailing Series (2005-7) and La Solitaire du Figaro (2011). In his most recent adventure, Conrad was the professional skipper of Channel 4's re-creation of Captain Bligh's epic voyage of survival. As the sailing master he was responsible for ensuring the team's safety, navigation and sailing of Bounty's Launch as they set out to re-trace Bligh's 4000 mile voyage in a tiny 23 foot open boat from Tonga to Timor. The story is part of new 6 part documentary series for Channel 4 and broadcast in the UK from the 6th March 2017. Conrad was born in Exeter, Devon on the 13th February 1973, the youngest of four siblings. Growing up in Exmouth, Conrad loved sport and played competitive rugby for Exmouth Rugby Club and for the County of Devon whilst at school, but it was the draw of the sea that held his true ambition. As part of the Exmouth Sailing Club, he competed in 2 Cadet world championships, winning the Junior Worlds in Holland 1989 and finishing 6th at the 1990 Cadet Worlds in Poland. It was at this point, he was asked to join a youth team preparing for the Fastnet in 1991, winning the Fastnet overall thrust him into the world of ocean racing. (Conrad was to win the Fastnet race overall for the second time in 1997 with Ross Field on board the Ericsson 80 “Banque Internationale Luxembourg”) Conrad attended Exeter College, initially training to become a journalist, but the Whitbread Round the World Race in 1993-94 pulled him away from his studies to race around the world at the tender age of 19 years. He was to return to the University of Plymouth where he graduated in 1997 with a BSc in Ocean Science and Meteorology. Conrad was also later awarded an Honorary Master of Science from Plymouth University in 2005. Combining both his passions (sport and the outdoors) Conrad founded Sport Environment, a sports marketing consultancy in 2001 and has worked with a number of leading brands, organisations and charities in both sailing and outdoor events. His creative drive and passion has led him to doing some pioneering work using sport as a catalyst for change. As a former Board Member of Sport England, he is particularly interested in using sport as a creative tool for engaging people with the issues that society faces. Conrad is also a motivational speaker and coach and has worked with a number of organisation with organisational change. He’s a passionate speaker and give talks about culture, leadership, agility and teamwork. After racing in the 1993-94 Whitbread, Conrad skippered the student yachting team whilst at Plymouth University to success winning the BUSA Student Yachting Nationals and finishing 2nd at World Championships. At the end of his studies, he applied for a place to Skipper one of the BT Global Challenge 72’s in the 2000-01 edition of the race. Conrad and his LG FLATRON team went on to dominate the race setting a record pace and winning four out of seven legs. At just 26 years of age, Conrad became the youngest winning skipper in the history of the race. In 2001, Conrad teamed up with Mike Golding as navigator for the EDS Atlantic Challenge, competing two transatlantic crossings and finishing 3rd in the inaugural edition of the race. He later joined Will Oxley for the 2001 edition of the Rolex Sydney Hobart Race and went onto race in the Sydney Hobart as navigator for Commodore, CYCA, Matt Allan’s Ichiban 70 in the next five editions of the race, coming close to winning the race overall in 2003. In 2003, Conrad secured sponsorship with Motorola for the Transat Jacques Vabre and raced double-handed with Australian speedster Paul Larsen. The duo won the 50 ft class by over 500 miles. The result gave him the opportunity to pitch a campaign to Motorola for the 2004-05 Vendee Globe. On 20 February 2005, Conrad became only the 5th British sailor to complete the Vendée Globe. He finished 7th after 104 days at sea in what has been acknowledged as one of the most remarkable comebacks in the history of the Vendée Globe race. Conrad would later sell his Open 60, Hellomoto to yachtswoman Dee Caffari and moved into the Extreme 40 Class again with Motorola competing in the inaugural edition of the Volvo Extreme Sailing Series during the Volvo Ocean Race. Conrad selected Leigh McMillan as Helmsman for the campaign, which would see them finish 3rd overall, winning the final event in Rotterdam. Multihull sailing was taking off and as the Extreme Sailing Series grew, Conrad teamed with DMS as main partner for the Archipelago Raid 2007. The tough Scandinavian event is an incredible endurance race in small 18 ft Formula 18 catamarans. Conrad and teammate Ryan, would sail 4 editions of the Archipelago Raid, finishing 4th in the 2008 edition of the race. In 2011, Conrad again teamed up with sponsor, DMS for the La Solitaire du Figaro, the unofficial World Championships for single-handed sailing. Conrad sailed under the banner of the Artemis Academy which was set up by OC Sport to support talented solo sailors. After a break from solo sailing, Conrad returned to race in the 2014 edition of the Route du Rhum with the Class 40, sponsored by Cat Phones and Bullitt Group. After a difficult start to the race, he suffered a dismasting 400 miles west of Lisbon and had to retire from the race. In 2016, Conrad was recruited to be the professional skipper on board the ambitious recreation of Captain Bligh’s 4000 mile voyage in an open 23 foot boat from Tonga to Timor for Channel 4. Using traditional navigation equipment and surviving off the same meagre rations as Bligh, a team of nine men led by SBS soldier, Anthony Middleton were cast adrift to recreate one of the world’s greatest open boat voyages of British history. In 2007, Conrad founded the Blue Project, a social enterprise to encourage people to connect and protect our blue environment. Between 2007-2017, the Blue Project (now Blue Foundation) celebrated a number of achievements, including creating the award-winning Blue Mile, a series of watersports and educational events that immersed participants across the UK and promoted environmental conservation. The Blue Project supported leading charities, WWF, Marine Conservation Society and the Shark Trust raising funds to support their much needed work. Conrad is a trustee of the Island Sailing Trust, a local sailing charity that supports young, disabled and disadvantaged children by taking them sailing on three classic yachts, Pegasus, Moosk and Tectona. Conrad married Vikki Cheung in 2002 and they have two children, Katelyn and Isabel. They live in Brixton, South Hams, Devon. Conrad Humphreys Conrad David Humphreys (born 13 February 1973) is a professional yachtsman, adventurer and"
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"Carquest Carquest Corporation is an American automotive parts distribution network that is currently owned and operated by Advance Auto Parts via independent retailers associated with the network. As of October 4, 2014 Advance operated 5,305 stores, 109 Worldpac branches. Advance Auto Parts and CARQUEST Auto Parts employs approximately 75,000 Team Members. The CarQuest marketing alliance and distribution network was formed in 1974 by O. Temple Sloan of General Parts, Dan Bock of Bobro Products, and Joe Hughes of Indiana Parts Warehouse. In response to competition from high-volume retail stores, Sloan believed \"that programmed distribution through a cooperative alliance would be the most effective means to remain competitive.\" According to a 1994 Bangor Daily News article, \"CARQUEST is made up of 14 distributing companies operating 64 CARQUEST Auto Parts Stores throughout the United States\" at that time. General Parts was the largest member with General Parts owning 1,400 out of CarQuest’s 3,400 auto parts stores across North America by 2011. O. Temple Sloan Jr. started General Parts in 1961. Founding member Bobro was later sold to White Plains Automotive in 1984 and renamed B.W.P. Distributors. BWP was later acquired by Advance Auto in 2012. Dan Bock later served as president of Carquest. Founding member Indiana Parts Warehouse was acquired by the third founder General Parts in 1991. Indiana Parts had served 90 locations. Carquest acquired Worldpac in 2004, but kept its operations separate. General Parts received $258 million in 2011 for selling 33 of the company’s distribution centers and office buildings in a long-term sale-leaseback deal. In June 2012, Carquest Auto Parts relaunched its Carquest.com Web site, offering buy online, pick up in store commerce. In December 2012, Advance Auto Parts acquired warehouse distributor B.W.P. Distributors, which supplied the Northeast. On October 16, 2013 it was announced that CARQUEST will be acquired by Advance Auto Parts, Inc in an all-cash transaction estimated at $2.04 billion dollars. The deal was finalized on January 3, 2014. Carquest members now include Advance Auto Parts, Automotive Warehouse of Hawaii, CAP Warehouse of Nevada, and Muffler Warehouse of Idaho. WORLDPAC was formed in 1995 by the merger of WorldWide Trading Corp. (WWTC) and Imported Parts and Accessories (IMPAC). WORLDPAC, which specializes in providing hard to find aftermarket parts for imported vehicles, was acquired by Carquest in 2004 and by Advance Auto Parts on January 2, 2014 when General Parts International was merged into Advance. CARQUEST is title right sponsor of the CARQUEST Auto Parts NHRA Nationals at Wild Horse Pass Motorsports Park near Phoenix, Arizona. The event takes place annually in February and airs on FOX Sports 1. CARQUEST was a partner with Barrett-Jackson and their auctions until 2014. Carquest was the official auto parts supplier of Hendrick Motorsports until the end of the 2011 season. Kellogg's and Carquest announced on May 26, 2006 a unique three-year agreement with Hendrick Motorsports that secures the two companies as co-primary sponsors of the No. 5 Chevrolets driven by Kyle Busch in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. On September 9, 2007, the two companies announced Casey Mears will drive the No. 5 Kellogg's/Carquest Chevrolets for Hendrick Motorsports in the 2008 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, joining a team that secured its second consecutive Chase appearance Sunday, September 2, 2007 at California Speedway. In 2008, Hendrick Motorsports announced that Mark Martin, a seasoned veteran would be driving the car in 2009. Carquest has continued to sponsor Mark Martin in 2010 and 2011. Carquest Auto Parts has primary sponsor placement in eight points races on the No. 5 Chevy driven by Mark Martin during the 2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup season. Carquest Auto Parts joined Hendrick Motorsports in 2002 as an associate sponsor of Chevrolets driven by Ricky Hendrick in the NASCAR Busch Series. The relationship carried over to the following season, resulting in a NASCAR Busch Series championship with driver Brian Vickers, and has since transitioned into the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. The company sponsored the Carquest Bowl (now Russell Athletic Bowl) from 1994–1997, 3-time IHRA Drag Racing Top Fuel Champion Paul Romine from 1997–2004 and from 2001-2004 was associated with the No. 2 Team ASE NASCAR Craftsman Truck driven by Scott Riggs and Jason Leffler. It also sponsored NHRA drag races from 2003 - 2007. Carquest Carquest Corporation is an American automotive parts distribution network that is currently owned and operated by Advance Auto Parts via independent retailers associated with the network. As of October 4, 2014 Advance operated 5,305 stores, 109 Worldpac branches. Advance Auto Parts and CARQUEST Auto Parts employs approximately 75,000 Team Members. The CarQuest marketing alliance and distribution network was formed in 1974 by O. Temple Sloan of General Parts, Dan Bock of Bobro Products, and Joe Hughes of Indiana Parts Warehouse. In response to competition from high-volume retail stores, Sloan believed \"that programmed distribution through a"
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"William King Beck House The William King Beck House, also known as River Bluff Plantation, is a historic plantation house on the Alabama River near Camden, Alabama. The main house was built in 1845 for William King Beck and is attributed to architect Alexander J. Bragg. William King Beck was an attorney from North Carolina who migrated to Wilcox County in the 1820s. He was the nephew of William Rufus King, the 13th Vice President of the United States. The house is a one-story wood-frame building with six octagonal columns supporting a full-width front porch under the main roof. It is an example of the Greek Revival Cottage style. The roof line was altered in the late 19th century, when the original hipped roof was replaced with a pyramidal type. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 21, 1993. William King Beck House The William King Beck House, also known as River Bluff Plantation, is a historic plantation house on the Alabama River near Camden, Alabama. The main house was built in 1845 for William King Beck and is attributed to architect Alexander J. Bragg. William King Beck was an attorney from North Carolina"
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"Lena Erdil Lena Aylin Erdil (born February 28, 1989) is a professional windsurfer from İzmir, Turkey. She is competing in the PWA World Tour mostly in the slalom event. She is currently sponsored by Red Bull. Lena Aylin Erdil was born to a Turkish father and a German mother in İzmir, Turkey on February 28, 1989. When she was two years old, the family moved to Germany, and at the age of ten, she moved with her parents to Brussels, Belgium. Her father Güven Erdil is a professor of sports coaching serving as the Head of Sports Department at Marmara University's Faculty of Sports. Her mother Ellen was a school teacher of German language and sports, who died from colorectal cancer at the age of 55 in 2016. Her father and mother had met each other while windsurfing. She spent her childhood years in Germany and Belgium. During summer holidays, she visited Çeşma, İzmir Province for windsurfing. After completing high school, she received an athletic grant from the University of Sussex, England, in 2009, where she majored in political science and philosophy. Following graduation, she returned to Turkey at the age of 24, and settled in Bodrum, Muğla Province, in the southwestern Aegean Region. In 2007, Erdil opened her own sports school, \"Lena Erdil Windsurf Center\", in the Ortakent neighborhood of Bodrum with the support of her parents. She hosts pro-X-training activities at her sports center. Erdil used to perform windsurfing in her youth with her parents during the summer holidays in Turkey. She received her first windsurfing board and gear at the age of 13 from her father. The -tall sportswoman performs windsurfing professionally, competing in the freestyle, wave, and jump events in addition to her main class of slalom. Although the slalom branch is not an Olympic discipline, she prefers it due to its high speed in racing. She also competes on teams. To remain fit for competitions, she exercises three to six hours a day in the summer months, and in the winter time, she goes to Cape Town, South Africa, for three months. She debuted in competitive windsurfing at the age of 15. In 2005, Erdil won the junior champion title in the Turkish championship. After being successful in local races, she took part in Turkish championships, and then debuted internationally in 2006. She placed fourth at the 2008 PWA World Tour held in Alaçatı, Turkey, marking her first best international ranking. In 2012, Erdil took third place in the overall standings at the PWA World Cup after being runner-up in the Italian leg at Reggio Calabria. She improved her rank in the PWA World Cup's overall classification by placing second in 2014. At the 2015 International Funboard Class Association (IFCA) Slalom World Championship held in Sylt, Germany, she gained her first championship title, and the next year at the same competition in Brač, Croatia, she defended her title. Also in 2016, she was the winner of the PWA World Cup's South Korean leg at Ulsan. As of 2016, she held eight championship titles in the Turkish Women's Slalom Championships. In the following competitions, she secured third or second place in almost every competition. In 2018, she finished the PWA World Cup season as the runner-up in the slalom event after placing second in the legs in Ulsan, South Korea, and Yokosuka, Japan, as well as ranking third in Viana do Castelo, Portugal. She is the holder of the Turkish windsurfing record with set during the 2012 International Windsurf Speed Record competition held in Lüderitz, Namibia. This is the second-best world record for women at all. One of Erdil's main sponsors is Red Bull since 2011. She is nicknamed \"Rüzgarin Kızı\" (\"Daughter of the Wind\") in her country. Lena Erdil Lena Aylin Erdil (born February 28, 1989) is a professional windsurfer from İzmir, Turkey. She is competing in the PWA World Tour mostly in the slalom event. She is currently sponsored by Red Bull. Lena Aylin Erdil was born to a Turkish father and a German mother in İzmir, Turkey on February 28, 1989. When she was two years old, the family moved to Germany, and at the age of ten, she moved with her parents"
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"Bluebuck The bluebuck (Afrikaans: bloubok ) or blue antelope (\"Hippotragus leucophaeus\") is an extinct species of antelope that lived in South Africa until around 1800. It is congeneric with the roan antelope and sable antelope (belonging in the genus \"Hippotragus\"), but was smaller than either. It was sometimes considered a subspecies of the roan antelope, but a genetic study has confirmed it as a distinct species. The largest mounted bluebuck specimen is tall at the withers. Its horns measure along the curve. The coat was a uniform bluish-grey, with a pale whitish belly. The forehead was brown, darker than the face. Its mane was not as developed as in the roan and sable antelopes; its ears were shorter and blunter, not tipped with black; and it had a darker tail tuft and smaller teeth. It also lacked the contrasting black and white patterns seen on the heads of its relatives. The bluebuck was a grazer, and may have calved where rainfall, and thus the availability of grasses, would peak. The bluebuck was confined to the southwestern Cape when encountered by Europeans, but fossil evidence and rock paintings show that it originally had a larger distribution. Europeans encountered the bluebuck in the 17th century, but it was already uncommon by then, perhaps due to its preferred grassland habitat having been reduced to a range, mainly along the southern coast of South Africa. Sea level changes during the early Holocene may also have contributed to its decline by disrupting the population. The first published mention of the bluebuck is from 1681, and few descriptions of the animal were written while it existed. The few 18th-century illustrations appear to have been based on stuffed specimens. Hunted by European settlers, the bluebuck became extinct around 1800; it was the first large African mammal to face extinction in historical times, followed by the quagga in 1883. Only four mounted specimens remain, in museums in Leiden, Stockholm, Vienna, and Paris, along with skulls and horns in various museums. In 1776 the German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas formally described the bluebuck as \"Antilope leucophaeus\". In 1853, the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck stated that the type specimen was an adult male skin now in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden (formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie), collected in Swellendam and present in Haarlem before 1776. It has been questioned whether this was actually the type specimen, but in 1969, the Dutch zoologists Antonius M. Husson and Lipke Holthuis selected it as the lectotype of a syntype series, as Pallas may have based his description on multiple specimens. In 1846, the Swedish zoologist Carl Jakob Sundevall moved the bluebuck and its closest relatives to the genus \"Hippotragus\"; he had originally named this genus for the roan antelope (\"H. equinus\") in 1845. This revision was commonly accepted by other writers, such as the British zoologists Philip Sclater and Oldfield Thomas, who restricted the genus \"Antilope\" to the blackbuck (\"A. cervicapra\") in 1899. In 1914, the name \"Hippotragus\" was submitted for conservation (so older, unused genus names could be suppressed) to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) with the bluebuck as type species. However, the original 1845 naming of the genus with the roan antelope as single species was overlooked and later suppressed by the ICZN, leading to some taxonomic confusion. In 2001, the British ecologist Peter J. Grubb proposed that the ICZN should rescind its suppression of the 1845 naming and make the roan antelope the type species of \"Hippotragus\", since too little is known about the bluebuck for it to be a reliable type species. This was accepted by the commission in 2003. According to German zoologist Erna Mohr's 1967 book about the bluebuck, the 1719 account of the Cape of Good Hope published by the traveller Peter Kolbe appears to be the first publication containing mention of the species. Kolbe also included an illustration, which Mohr believed was based on memory and notes. In 1975, Husson and Holthuis examined the original Dutch version of Kolbe's book and concluded that the illustration did not depict a bluebuck but rather a greater kudu (\"Tragelaphus strepsiceros\"), and that the error was due to a mistranslation into German. The first published illustration of the bluebuck is therefore instead a depiction of a horn from 1764. It has also been pointed out that the animal had already been mentioned (as \"blaue Böcke\") on a list of South African mammals in 1681. The Welsh naturalist Thomas Pennant made the next published illustration, and included an account of the antelope, calling it \"blue goat\", in his 1771 \"Synopsis of Quadrupeds\", based on a skin from the Cape of Good Hope, purchased from Amsterdam. In 1778 a drawing by the Swiss-Dutch natural philosopher Jean-Nicolas-Sébastien Allamand was included in Comte de Buffon's \"Histoire Naturelle\"; he called the antelope \"tzeiran\", the Siberian name for the goitered gazelle (\"Gazella subgutturosa\"). The illustration is widely believed to be based on the specimen in Leiden. This drawing is the first published illustration that shows the entire animal. Another record of the bluebuck appears in the travel memoirs of French explorer François Levaillant, published in the 1780s, describing his quest to discover the land to the east of the Cape of Good Hope, \"Hottentots Holland\". The German zoologist Martin Lichtenstein wrote about the bluebuck in 1812, but the species was mentioned less frequently in subsequent literature. Today, four mounted skins of the bluebuck remain: the adult male in Leiden, a young female at the Zoological Museum of Stockholm, an adult female in the Vienna Museum of Natural History, and an adult male in the Museum of Natural History in Paris. A mounted skin was housed in the Zoological Museum in Uppsala until the 19th century, but now only the horns remain. There are also records of a skin in Haarlem, but its current whereabouts are unknown. Several of these skins have been identified in various 18th-century illustrations. A female skull is part of the collection at both the Hunterian Museum and the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam, though it has been suggested that the Hunterian's belongs to a sable antelope (\"H.niger\"). A pair of horns is present at both the Natural History Museum, London, and the South African Museum. Skeletal remains have been found in both archaeological and palaeontological contexts. The common names \"bluebuck\" and \"blue antelope\" are English for the original Afrikaans name \"blaubok\" . The name is a compound of \"blauw\" and \"bok\" (\"male antelope\" or \"male goat\"). Variants of this name include \"blaawwbok\" and \"blawebock\". The generic name \"Hippotragus\" is Greek for \"horse-goat\", while the specific name \"leucophaeus\" is a fusion of two Greek words: \"leukos\" (\"white\") and \"phaios\" (\"brilliant\"). Based on studies of morphology, the bluebuck has historically been classified as either a distinct species or as a subspecies of the roan antelope. After its extinction, some 19th-century naturalists began to doubt its validity as a species, with some believing the museum specimens to be small or immature roan antelopes, and both species were lumped together under the name \"A.leucophaeus\" by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1821. The Austrian zoologist Franz Friedrich Kohl pointed out the distinct features of the bluebuck in 1866, followed by Sclater and Thomas, who rejected the synonymy in 1899. In 1974 the American biologist Richard G. Klein showed (based on fossils) that the bluebuck and roan antelope occurred sympatrically on the coastal plain of the southwestern Cape from Oakhurst to Uniondale during the early Holocene, supporting their status as separate species. In 1996 an analysis of mitochondrial DNA extracted from the bluebuck specimen in Vienna showed that it is outside the clade containing the roan and sable antelopes. The",
"the museum specimens to be small or immature roan antelopes, and both species were lumped together under the name \"A.leucophaeus\" by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1821. The Austrian zoologist Franz Friedrich Kohl pointed out the distinct features of the bluebuck in 1866, followed by Sclater and Thomas, who rejected the synonymy in 1899. In 1974 the American biologist Richard G. Klein showed (based on fossils) that the bluebuck and roan antelope occurred sympatrically on the coastal plain of the southwestern Cape from Oakhurst to Uniondale during the early Holocene, supporting their status as separate species. In 1996 an analysis of mitochondrial DNA extracted from the bluebuck specimen in Vienna showed that it is outside the clade containing the roan and sable antelopes. The study therefore concluded that the bluebuck is a distinct species, and not merely a subspecies of the roan antelope as was supposed. The cladogram below shows the position of the bluebuck among its relatives, following the 1996 analysis: In 2017, a reconstruction of the entire bluebuck mitogenome, based on bone powder extracted from the horns in Uppsala, contradicted the 1996 results. This study instead placed the bluebuck as sister species to the sable antelope, with the roan antelope as outgroup. The bluebuck and sable antelope diverged form each other 2.8 million years ago, while the roan antelope diverged from them 4.17 million years ago. Africa was going through climactic oscillations between 3.5 and 2 million years ago, and during a colder period, the ancestors of the sable antelope and bluebuck may have been separated, and the population in southern Africa eventually became a new species. The cladogram below shows the placement of the bluebuck according to the 2017 study: The adult male bluebuck in Leiden is tall at the withers, and is possibly the largest known specimen. According to Sclater and Thomas, the tallest specimen is the one in Paris, a male that stands at the shoulder; the specimen in Vienna, on the other hand, is the shortest, a tall female. The bluebuck was notably smaller than the roan and sable antelopes, and therefore the smallest member of its genus. The coat was a uniform bluish-grey, with a pale whitish belly, which was not contrasted on the flanks. The limbs had a faint dark line along their front surface. The forehead was brown, darker than the face, and the upper lip and patch in front of the eyes were lighter than the body. The neck-mane was directed forwards and not as developed as in the roan and sable antelopes, and the throat-mane was almost absent. Other differences between the bluebuck and its extant relatives included its shorter and blunter ears not tipped with black, a darker tail tuft (though little darker than its general colour), and smaller teeth. The bluebuck also lacked the contrasting black and white patterns seen on the heads of its relatives. As the old skins are presumably faded, it may be difficult to reconstruct the original colour of the bluebuck from them. Pennant observed that the eyes had white patches below them and the underbelly was white; the coat was a \"fine blue\" in living specimens, while it changed to \"bluish grey, with a mixture of white\" in dead animals. He also suggested that the length of the bluebuck's hair and the morphology of its horns formed a link between antelopes and goat. He went on to describe the ears as pointed and over long and the tail as long, terminating in a long tuft. The horns of the bluebuck were significantly shorter and thinner than those of the roan antelope, but perhaps proportionally longer. The horns of the Leiden specimen measure along the curve. The horns at Hunterian Museum are spaced apart and are nearly long with a basal circumference of nearly . Pennant gave the horn length as . He added that the horns, sharp and curving backward, consist of twenty rings. This description agrees with the horns at the Hunterian Museum. The skull at the Hunterian Museum measures in length. The horns of the bluebuck appear to have hollow pedicles (bony structures from which the horns emerge). The bluebuck, as Klein puts it, became extinct before \"qualified scientists could make observations on live specimens\". According to historical accounts, the bluebuck formed groups of up to 20 individuals. Similarities to the roan and the sable antelopes in terms of dental morphology make it highly probable that the bluebuck was predominantly a selective grazer, and fed mainly on grasses. The row of premolars was longer than in others of the genus, implying the presence of dicots in the diet. A 2013 study by the Australian palaeontologist J. Tyler Faith and colleagues noted the scarcity of morphological evidence to show that the bluebuck could have survived the summers in the western margin of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), when the grasses are neither palatable nor nutritious. This might have induced a west-to-east migration, because the eastern margin receives rainfall throughout the year while precipitation in the western margin is limited to winter. An 18th-century account suggests that females might have left their newborn calves in isolation and returned regularly to suckle them until the calves were old enough to join herds, which is similar to the behaviour of roan and sable antelopes. Akin to other grazing antelopes, the bluebuck probably calved mainly where rainfall, and thus the availability of grasses, peaked. Such locations could be the western margin of the CFR during winter and the eastern margin of the CFR during summer. Faith et al. 2013 found that the occurrence of juveniles in bluebuck fossils decreases linearly from the west to the east, indicating that most births took place in the western CFR; due to the preference for rainfall, it may be further assumed that most births occurred during winter, when the western CFR receives most of its rainfall. The annual west-to-east migration would have followed in summer, consistent with the greater number of older juveniles in the east that would have joined herds. Juvenile fossils also occur in other places across the range, but appear to be concentrated in the western CFR. Endemic to South Africa, the bluebuck was confined to the southwestern Cape. A 2003 study estimated the expanse of the historic range of the bluebuck at , mainly along the southern coast of South Africa; fossils, however, have been discovered in a broader area that includes the southern and western CFR and even the highlands of Lesotho. Historical records give a rough estimate of its range. On 20January 1774, Swedish naturalist Carl Peter Thunberg recorded a sighting in Tigerhoek, Mpumalanga. In March or April 1783, Levalliant claimed to have witnessed two specimens in Soetemelksvlei, Western Cape. Based on these notes, a 2009 study by the South African zoologist Graham I. H. Kerley and colleagues estimated the range of the bluebuck to be limited within a triangular area in the Western Cape, bounded by Caledon to the west, Swellendam to the northeast and Bredasdorp to the south. Rock paintings in the Caledon river valley of the Free State province in eastern South Africa have been identified as bluebucks, which also confirms the once wider distribution of the species. In 1974 Klein studied the fossils of \"Hippotragus\" species in South Africa. Most of these were found to represent the bluebuck and the roan antelope. The fossil record suggested that the bluebuck occurred in large numbers during the last glacial period (nearly 0.1million years ago), and was more common than sympatric antelopes. The bluebuck could adapt to more open habitats than could the roan antelope, a notable point of difference between these species. Fossils of the bluebuck have been found in the Klaises River and the Nelson Bay Cave (near Plettenberg Bay) and Swartklip (to the west of the Hottentots Holland mountains). Faith et al. 2013 noted that the western and southern CFR were separated by",
"identified as bluebucks, which also confirms the once wider distribution of the species. In 1974 Klein studied the fossils of \"Hippotragus\" species in South Africa. Most of these were found to represent the bluebuck and the roan antelope. The fossil record suggested that the bluebuck occurred in large numbers during the last glacial period (nearly 0.1million years ago), and was more common than sympatric antelopes. The bluebuck could adapt to more open habitats than could the roan antelope, a notable point of difference between these species. Fossils of the bluebuck have been found in the Klaises River and the Nelson Bay Cave (near Plettenberg Bay) and Swartklip (to the west of the Hottentots Holland mountains). Faith et al. 2013 noted that the western and southern CFR were separated by biogeographical barriers, such as the Cape Fold Belt and afromontane forests. A 2011 study suggested that low sea levels facilitated migrations for large mammals; therefore the rise in sea levels with the beginning of the Holocene would have led to fragmented bluebuck populations and distanced many populations from the western coast (fossils dating to this period are scarce in the western coast but have been recorded from the southern coast). Thus, a mass extinction could have taken place, leaving behind mainly the populations that remained in the resource-rich western CFR. The causes of the drastic decline in bluebuck populations just before the 15th and 16th centuries have not been investigated; competition with livestock and habitat deterioration could have been major factors in its depletion. Faith et al. 2013 further suggested that the bluebuck, being a grazer, probably favoured grassland habitats. This hypothesis is supported by fossil evidencebluebuck fossils appear in significant numbers along with those of grassland antelopes. Kerley et al. 2009 suggested that the bluebuck frequented grasslands and shunned wooded areas and thickets. In a 1976 study of fossils in the Southern Cape, Klein observed that the bluebuck's habitat preferences were similar to those of the Cape buffalo (\"Syncerus caffer\") and the reedbuck (\"Redunca\"). Due to the small range of the bluebuck at the time of European settlement of the Cape region in the 17th and 18th centuries compared to the much wider area evidenced by fossil remains, it is thought the species was already in decline before this time. The bluebuck was the sole species of \"Hippotragus\" in the region until 70,00035,000 years ago, but the roan antelope appears to have become predominant about 11,000 years ago. This might have coincided with grasslands being replaced by, for example, brush and forest, thereby reducing what is presumed to be the preferred habitat of the bluebuck, the grasslands. The results of the sea level changes in the early Holocene may also have played a role in the decline of the species, and left only the southern population to survive into historical times. The bluebuck was hunted to extinction by European settlers; in 1774 Thunberg noted that it was becoming increasingly rare. The German biologist Hinrich Lichtenstein claimed that the last bluebuck had been shot in 1799 or 1800. The bluebuck is the first historically recorded large African mammal to become extinct, followed by the quagga (\"Equus quagga quagga\"), which died out in 1883. Around the time of its extinction, the bluebuck occurred in what would be known as the Overberg region (Western Cape), probably concentrated in Swellendam. In 1990, the South African zoologist Brian D. Colohan argued that an 1853 eyewitness report of a \"bastard gemsbok\" seen near Bethlehem, Free State, actually referred to a bluebuck, fifty years after the last individuals in Swellendam were shot. The IUCN Red List accepts Lichtenstein's dates of extinction. The bluebuck rock paintings from the Caledon river valley have been attributed to Bushmen. They show six antelopes facing a man, and were supposedly inspired by shamanic trance; they may depict a Bushman visiting the spirit-world through a tunnel. The Bushmen possibly believed that the bluebuck had a supernatural potency, like other animals in their environment. The animals in the paintings are similar in proportion to the reedbuck, but the large ears, horns, and lack of a mane rule out species other than the bluebuck. A South African fable, \"The Story of the Hare\", mentions a bluebuck (referred to as \"inputi\") that, among other animals, is appointed to guard a kraal. The bluebuck is also mentioned in French novelist Jules Verne's \"Five Weeks in a Balloon\" (1863); the animal is described as a \"superb animal of a pale-bluish color shading upon the gray, but with the belly and the insides of the legs as white as the driven snow\". Bluebuck The bluebuck (Afrikaans: bloubok ) or blue antelope (\"Hippotragus leucophaeus\") is an extinct species of antelope that lived in South Africa until around 1800. It is congeneric with the roan antelope and sable antelope (belonging in the genus \"Hippotragus\"), but was smaller than either. It was sometimes considered a subspecies of the roan antelope, but a genetic study has confirmed it as a distinct species. The largest mounted bluebuck specimen is tall at the withers. Its horns measure along the curve. The coat was a uniform bluish-grey, with a pale whitish belly. The forehead was brown, darker"
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"retrieved": [
"L. Lin Wood Lucian Lincoln \"Lin\" Wood Jr. (born October 19, 1952 in Raleigh, North Carolina) is a high-profile American attorney based in Atlanta, Georgia. He represented Richard Jewell, the security guard falsely accused in the Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta in 1996. Wood's representation of Richard Jewell propelled Wood from a personal injury lawyer to be known as one of the top libel, defamation and First Amendment lawyers in the U. S. earning him the title of \"Attorney for the Damned\". Lin Wood was raised in Georgia after moving to Macon, Georgia, at age 3. Wood has stated in news accounts that his family struggled financially with frequent episodes of domestic abuse involving his parents. He has one sibling, Diane Wood Stern born February 1951 and a half sister, Linda Martin born in 1946. After a school dance, the then 16-year-old Wood returned home to find his father had beaten his mother to death. L. Lin Wood Sr. pleaded guilty to involuntary manslaughter, a charge reduced from first-degree murder. He served a little over two years in prison. Wood has stated that it was this experience that solidified his earlier decision to become a lawyer. Wood lived with friends and graduated from Mark Smith High School in Macon, Georgia in 1970. Per his profile from Powell Goldstein LLC he graduated from Mercer University \"cum laude\" in 1974 and graduated from Walter F. George School of Law \"cum laude\" in 1977. For the next nineteen years from 1977 to 1996 Wood established a reputation in the State of Georgia as someone who could win large settlements—and—judgments primarily in medical malpractice cases. Wood's first libel and defamation client was Richard Jewell, the security guard falsely accused in the Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta in 1996. Jewell was quickly followed by other high-profile cases, including John and Patsy Ramsey, the parents of JonBenét Ramsey. Wood was the plaintiff's lead attorney for John and Patsy Ramsey and their son Burke, prosecuting defamation claims on their behalf against St. Martin's Press, Time Inc., The Fox News Channel, American Media, Inc., \"Star\", \"The Globe\", Court TV and \"The New York Post\". John and Patsy Ramsey were also sued in two separate defamation lawsuits arising from the publication of their book, \"The Death of Innocence\". The suit was brought by two individuals named in the book as having been investigated by Boulder police as suspects in JonBenét's murder. The Ramseys were defended in those lawsuits by Lin Wood and three other Atlanta attorneys, James C. Rawls, Eric P. Schroeder, and S. Derek Bauer. The lawsuits against the Ramseys were dismissed. The ruling was partially based on an in-depth decision by U.S. District Court Judge Julie Carnes that \"abundant evidence\" in the murder case pointed to an intruder having committed the crime. In November 2006, Wood, on behalf of Rod Westmoreland, a friend of JonBenét Ramsey's father, filed a defamation suit against Keith Greer, who had posted a message on an Internet forum using the pseudonym \"undertheradar\". Greer had accused Westmoreland of participating in the kidnapping and murder. Greer has defended his statement. Wood went on to represent former U.S. Congressman Gary Condit, and the alleged victim in the Kobe Bryant case. He has also represented fellow attorney Howard K. Stern in defamation lawsuits against John O'Quinn, lawyer for Virgie Arthur, the mother of Anna Nicole Smith and against Rita Cosby, the author of \"Blonde Ambition, The Untold Story of Anna Nicole Smith\". In November, 2011, Wood was hired by then-presidential candidate Herman Cain, in his efforts to fight off sexual harassment charges. Wood currently represents Burke Ramsey, older brother of murder victim JonBenet Ramsey, in a pair of related lawsuits stemming from the CBS network docuseries \"The Case of: JonBenet Ramsey.\" They include a $150 Million suit against Dr. Werner Spitz, a Michigan-based forensic pathologist, over his assertion in a promotional CBS Detroit radio interview that Burke killed his sister when a young child. The other suit is a $750 Million suit against CBS and other parties involved in the docuseries, where the same allegations were made. On November 30, 2012, CNN covered the DaVita Inc. Medicare and Medicaid Fraud Lawsuit pending in which Wood is a lead attorney for the plaintiffs. That lawsuit settlement in 2015 was nearly $500 Million plus attorneys fees. Wood lives in Atlanta, Georgia, and has four children, two of whom are attorneys. Wood and Mercer University announced a one million dollar fund set up by Wood at his Alma Mater to be called the \"L. Lin Wood Fund for the Enhancement of Mercer Law School\". The \"Atlanta Business Chronicle\" reports that \"Wood has 28 years of experience as a trial lawyer focusing on civil litigation, representing individuals and corporations as plaintiffs and defendants in tort and business cases involving claims of significant damage. He also has extensive experience in First Amendment litigation and management of the media in high-profile cases. He was the lead civil attorney for Richard Jewell related to reporting about Jewell in connection with the 1996 bombing of Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta; the attorney for John and Patsy Ramsey and their son in matters relating to the 1996 murder of JonBenét Ramsey in Boulder, Colo.; the attorney for former U. S. Congressman Gary Condit over the May 2001 abduction and murder of Chandra Levy in Washington; co-counsel in the civil action in Colorado against NBA star Kobe Bryant; lead counsel for MedQuest Associates Inc. and J.P. Morgan Partners LLC in a class action in Atlanta dealing with health-care issues; and lead counsel for AirTran in defamation litigation against the Cleveland, Ohio, newspaper The Plain Dealer.\" Dary Matera described Wood's successes in the Richard Jewell case: \"Richard Jewell hired himself some crack libel attorneys, and they've been hammering the media ever since. So far, Atlanta lawyers L. Lin Wood and Wayne Grant have torched NBC, CNN, a community college where Jewell once worked, and other media outlets for more than $2 million and counting. And that doesn't include the undisclosed \"six figure\" fee they secured for the movie story. The biggest lawsuits - against the Atlanta Journal-Constitution and some other major media outlets - are still pending.\" A 2008 book by Jim Fisher described Wood's role in the Ramsey case, which led to the couple's exoneration: \"In 1999, after absorbing an enormous amount of abuse from the media, the Ramseys went on the offensive. They hired a more aggressive attorney, L. Lin Wood, and published a book, \"The Death of Innocence: JonBenét's Parents Tell Their Story.\" The Los Angeles Times described Wood's role in the Kobe Bryant case: \"The woman allegedly raped by Kobe Bryant has hired renowned attorney L. Lin Wood, a libel specialist who has represented such clients as the family of JonBenet Ramsey, former Rep. Gary Condit and Richard Jewell in lawsuits against the media.\" L. Lin Wood Lucian Lincoln \"Lin\" Wood Jr. (born October 19, 1952 in Raleigh, North Carolina) is a high-profile American attorney based in Atlanta, Georgia. He represented Richard Jewell, the security guard falsely accused in the Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta in 1996. Wood's representation of Richard Jewell propelled Wood from a personal injury lawyer to"
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"How It Happened \"How it happened\" is a 1506-word short story by the author Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle first published during the First World War at the end of what may be considered to be the Edwardian era in 1918 but Conan Doyle began writing in the Victorian era. This story is considered to be about willful masculine pride, and could also be recognized as a warning about the perils of driving at night and in an unfamiliar vehicle. The story is written in the first person; the narrator is a man who is met at the beginning of the story by his chauffeur, Perkins, at half-past eleven at the \"little country station\" while coming back from London. He wanted to try his new car, which had been delivered that day. He was warned that the gears were not of the same type he is used to but he insisted on driving. They \"were just over the brow of\" Claystall Hill, \"one of the worst hills of England\", when he lost all control on the speed of the car. He tried to bring the car back to his house \"wheels whirring like a high wind\" and did not jump even when advised to do so by Perkins. In the end, he managed to reach home but crashed into the park gate. The story ends with Perkins having injured his leg and the narrator meeting a dead friend, Stanley, implying that he himself died in the accident. A central theme in this story is loyalty and companionship; the chauffeur, Perkins, offers to take control of the car, which would have allowed the narrator to escape the vehicle. However, the narrator refuses to leave his chauffeur behind and remains in the car until the end, even offering to take the wheel himself and allow Perkins to jump. How It Happened \"How it happened\" is a 1506-word short story by the author Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle first published during the First World War at the end of what may be considered to be the Edwardian era in 1918 but Conan Doyle began writing in the Victorian era. This story is considered to be about willful masculine pride, and could also be recognized as a warning about the perils of driving at night and in an unfamiliar vehicle. The story is written in the first person; the narrator is a man who"
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"retrieved": [
"Diet Cig Diet Cig is an American pop-punk duo that formed in September 2014 in New Paltz, New York, United States. The band consists of Alex Luciano on guitar/vocals and Noah Bowman on drums. Their first EP, \"Over Easy\", was released in February 2015. Alex Luciano and Noah Bowman met at a house show in New Paltz, New York, in the summer of 2014. Bowman's old band, Earl Boykins, was playing at the house show, where Luciano needed a cigarette lighter. She interrupted the band's set to ask Bowman for one, but he gave her a bottle of wine instead. Afterwards, Luciano got his number and told him she’d make a music video for him. The next day, Bowman tattooed a daisy on Luciano’s foot and by August 2014, the pair were making music together. Bowman had been in bands since he was 13, but Luciano had never been in a band before and only knew a few chords on the guitar. They officially named their act Diet Cig in September 2014. Luciano and Bowman confirmed in an interview with \"Pigeons and Planes\" that the name has no significance. \"Over Easy\", the band's first EP, was written in August 2014. The name comes from a breakfast special at The Main St Bistro in New Paltz, where Luciano and Bowman would go almost every day. \"Over Easy\" was recorded in one night on Halloween 2014. The straightforward song lyrics focus on the annoyances of music scenes. The songs were written by Luciano in her bedroom. The second track on their EP, \"Pool Boyz\", has a unique story. Luciano has retold the events saying: \"A band was visiting from Seattle in New Paltz, and a friend and I had gone to see their show. It was summertime and \"so\" hot outside, so we asked the band if they wanted to sneak into the public pool after the show with us. They agreed and drove to the pool, we walked behind, planning on meeting them there. When we got there, there were cop cars flashing, and we realized the band must have gotten arrested for trespassing! We felt really bad because it interrupted their tour, and although everything ended up okay, it was a big scare!\" The record explores the \"innocence of adolescence and infatuation.\" Father/Daughter is an independent record label formed in 2010 by Jessi Frick and her father, Ken. They support 25 artists, including Diet Cig. The band signed with the label a month before releasing its first single, \"Scene Sick\", in January 2015. Diet Cig announced they will release their debut album, \"Swear I’m Good At This\", April 7, 2017 via Frenchkiss Records. Spanning 12 tracks, the LP follows their 2015 EP and was recorded at Salvation Recording Co. in their hometown of New Paltz as well Atomic Sound in New York City. According to a press release, the debut LP sees Diet Cig railing against people who’ve dismissed their opinions and judged them unfairly simply because they didn’t quite live up to a societal norm or expectation. Capturing this sentiment is the album’s lead single, a catchy number called “Tummy Ache”. The band notes, “It's all about unpacking the feeling of approaching punk with radical softness, and the struggle when it’s not always read as powerful or cool or whatever enough,” the CoSigned outfit describes in a statement. “It’s the shout into my pillow when what I’m saying isn’t being heard, and a big old I FEEL YA to all the femme folks creating space for themselves in a world that wants to keep us quiet.” Alex Luciano grew up in Berne, New York, and attended SUNY New Paltz. Her younger brother and sister are featured on the front and back of Diet Cig’s 7’ split \"Sleep Talk/Dinner Date\". Before Diet Cig, she had never picked up an electric guitar or played in a band. Noah Bowman was born in Brooklyn, New York and moved upstate to Kerhonkson, New York when he was 9. He has been playing in different bands since he was 13 years old, taking part in numerous projects, including Just Kids and Earl Boykins. He has a twin brother named Dakota who is a sound engineer in Brooklyn. Diet Cig Diet Cig is an American pop-punk duo that formed in September 2014 in New Paltz, New York, United States. The band consists of Alex Luciano on guitar/vocals and Noah Bowman on drums. Their first EP, \"Over Easy\", was released in February 2015. Alex Luciano and Noah Bowman met at a house show in New Paltz, New York, in the summer of 2014. Bowman's old band, Earl Boykins, was playing at the house show, where Luciano needed a cigarette lighter. She interrupted the band's set to ask Bowman for one, but he gave her a bottle"
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"retrieved": [
"Marvin Mirisch Marvin Eliot Mirisch (1918–2002) was an American film producer. Mirisch was born to a Jewish family on March 19, 1918 in New York City, one of two sons born to Josephine Frances (née Urbach) and Max Mirisch. His father emigrated from Krakow in 1891 at the age of 17 arriving in New York City where he worked as a tailor. His mother was the daughter of immigrants from Hungary and Poland. His father was previously married to Flora Glasshut with whom he had two sons; she died of cancer at the age of 40. He was the brother of Walter Mirisch and the half-brother of Harold Mirisch, who were also film executives; and the half-brother of Irving Mirisch, who ran a company which supplied candy to movie theatres. In 1953, he moved to Los Angeles to join his brothers Harold and Walter at Monogram Pictures, later known as Allied Artists International. In 1957, they founded The Mirisch Company, one of the leading independent production companies. He was the executive producer of the movies \"Romantic Comedy\" (1983) and \"Dracula\" (1979). He was associate producer for \"The Human Jungle\" (1954) and \"Arrow in the Dust\" (1954). Mirisch was married to Florene Smuckler for 60 years; they had three children: Donald I. Mirisch; Carol Mirisch Hartmann, and Lynn Mirisch Rogo. He died of a heart attack on November 17, 2002 in Los Angeles, at the age of eighty-four. He was buried in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, a Jewish cemetery in Culver City, California. His great-nephew, John A. Mirisch, serves as the Mayor of Beverly Hills, California since March 2013. Marvin Mirisch Marvin Eliot Mirisch (1918–2002) was an American film producer. Mirisch was born to a Jewish family on March 19, 1918 in New York City, one of two sons born"
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"Western Canada High School Western Canada High School (WCHS) is a public senior high school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It has classes for grades 10 through 12. Western is located in the 17th Avenue business district of the Lower Mount Royal community, and is the most centrally located public high school in Calgary. In terms of academics, it is the second top-ranked public high school in Calgary. The original school building was completed in 1903 as a British-style exclusive high school for boys called Western Canada College (not a college in the North American sense of the word). It was created by \"\"The Western Canada College Bill of Incorporating Ordinance\"\" enacted by the Government of the Northwest Territories, which Calgary was then a part of before the province of Alberta was created in 1905. To raise funds for the new college, 5000 shares were sold for $10 each. Many of the original investors read like a \"Who's Who\" list for Alberta; Pat Burns, R. B. Bennett, A.E. Cross, William Pearce, A.C. Rutherford (who was premier at the time), and George Lane. A granite shaft bearing a Cross of Sacrifice was dedicated as a list of honour memorial to Western Canada College students who were killed during the First World War and who served during the Second World War, the Korean War and as peacekeepers. The private school had financial problems and was sold to the Calgary Board of Education. The CBE renamed it, re-opened it as public school, and constructed additional buildings on the land. Western was Calgary's first composite high school, providing both technical and academic courses of study. The school has been substantially renovated and additions have been made to the building over the years. Linda Raasveldt became the first female principal of the school in 2002. The school recently underwent a series of renovations which were completed in Fall 2012. The school provides French and English language as a primary language instruction. In addition, it is one of a select number of schools in Calgary to offer French immersion. Western is one of a small number of Calgary high schools to offer an International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme. The school also offers an extensive performing and visual arts program, and offers a certificate to recognize students that have made fine arts a focus of learning at the high school level. The school is part of the Action for Bright Children Society. The Western Redhawks compete under the governance of the Alberta Schools Athletic Association and Calgary Senior High School Athletic Association The school boasts teams in the following sports: Western Canada High School Western Canada High School (WCHS) is a public senior high school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It has classes for grades 10 through 12. Western is located in the 17th Avenue business district of the Lower Mount Royal community, and is the most centrally located public high school in Calgary. In terms of academics, it is the second top-ranked public high school in Calgary. The"
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"Yäsäffiw hezb dems Yäsäffiw hezb dems (, 'Voice of the Masses') was a newspaper in Ethiopia. It was the central organ of the All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement (Meison). \"Yäsäffiw hezb dems\" was launched as an underground weekly newspaper in August 1974, as the organ of the group that later became known as Meison. It was published in the capital despite the military regime's censorship of the press. Together with the rival \"Democracia\", \"Yäsäffiw hezb dems\" was the most frequently distributed radical tract in Addis Ababa in the early phase of the Ethiopian revolution. \"Yäsäffiw hezb dems\" pressured the Derg military junta to suspend the imperial constitution, depose the Emperor, nationalize industries and banks, disband the old spying networks and imprison aristocrats of the old imperial regime. In a series of articles, in particular in its October 22, 1974 and January 27, 1975 editions, \"Yäsäffiw hezb dems\" presented an elaborate criticism of the \"Ethiopian Socialism\" doctrine (\"hibrtesebawenet\") of the Derg junta. The newspaper argued that there could not be \"Ethiopian electricity\" or \"Somali electricity\". Rather \"Yäsäffiw hezb dems\" argued in favour of scientific socialism. By late 1975, the feud between Meison and its main adversary on the left, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP), became public and attacks on EPRP frequently appeared in \"Yäsäffiw hezb dems\". MEISON published its withdrawal of \"critical support\" to the Derg in its August 19, 1977 edition of \"Yäsäffiw hezb dems\". Yäsäffiw hezb dems Yäsäffiw hezb dems (, 'Voice of the Masses') was a newspaper in Ethiopia. It was the central organ of the All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement (Meison). \"Yäsäffiw hezb dems\" was launched as an underground weekly newspaper in August 1974, as the organ of the group that later became known as Meison. It was published in the capital despite the military regime's censorship of the press."
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"Asian Heart Institute Asian Heart Institute (AHI), is India's No.1 cardiac care hospital, established in 2002, located in the western suburb of Bandra, at the Bandra-Kurla Complex (BKC), in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. In just 13 years, the hospital has treated more than 300,000 patients, and completed over 37000 angiographies & angioplasties and more than 21000 heart surgeries. AHI has a staggering success rate of 99.83% in bypass surgeries and an overall 99.6% in cardiac surgeries. These success rates are among the highest in the world.It has pioneered the treatment of complex heart surgeries, arterial graft & beating heart surgery in India. The hospital added a sports medicine facility in 2007 as a number of hospitals across the country expanded their services in that practice area prior to the 2010 Commonwealth Games. As of July 2012, it was one of the two private hospitals in Mumbai, India to participate in a government insurance scheme to provide coverage for the poor. In April 2013, through its Pediatric Cardiac Center, AHI committed to providing free heart surgery for 100 economically-weak children who have congenital heart disease. The hospital helped clear up the government-operated KEM Hospital's waiting list, which had grown so long that some infants and children had been waiting for surgery for over three years. Dr. Panda committed to operating 1000 children, who because of their financial situation, would otherwise have had no recourse to cardiac surgery Medgate Today honoured Dr. Ramakanta Panda, the Chief Consultant Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery and the Vice Chairman and Managing Director of Asian Heart Institute, as the No1 cardiac surgeon and one of the 25 living legends in the Healthcare of India. Asian Heart Institute Asian Heart Institute (AHI), is India's No.1 cardiac care hospital, established in 2002, located in the western suburb of Bandra, at the"
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"retrieved": [
"Before Shane Went to Bangkok: Live in the USA Before Shane Went to Bangkok: Live in the USA is the only live music EP by the band fun. It was recorded in 2013 during Fun's North American tour. The name of the EP refers to Fun's guitar tech and photographer Shane Timm. The EP was released December 17, 2013 as a digital download and also as a vinyl bundle including photographs taken during the tour, limited to 1,000 pressings, and was released primarily as a way of thanking the fans for attending the shows. Most notably, the EP contains a previously unreleased track called \"What The Fuck\" that was performed only in Fun's live sets. Before Shane Went to Bangkok: Live in the USA Before Shane Went to Bangkok: Live in the USA is the only live music EP by the band fun. It was recorded in 2013 during Fun's North American tour. The name of the EP refers to Fun's guitar tech and photographer Shane Timm. The EP was released December 17, 2013 as a digital download and also as a vinyl bundle including photographs taken during the tour, limited to 1,000 pressings, and was released primarily as a"
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