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{ "retrieved": [ "Westland Tai Poutini National Park Westland Tai Poutini National Park is located on the western coast of New Zealand's South Island. Established in 1960, the centenary of the European settlement of Westland District, it covers 1,320 km², and extends from the highest peaks of the Southern Alps to a wild and remote coastline. It borders the Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park along the Main Divide. Included in the park are glaciers, scenic lakes, and dense temperate rainforest, as well as remains of old gold mining towns along the coast. Franz Josef Glacier and Fox Glacier are two popular tourist attractions within Westland Tai Poutini National Park. The park offers hunting opportunities for red deer, chamois, and tahr, while helicopters allow hunters to access the rugged, mountainous areas. The popular Copland Track runs upstream from the Karangarua River bridge. Along with the mountain scenery visible from the track, there are hot springs at Welcome Flat Hut. In 2010, over 4,400 ha were added to the Westland Tai Poutini National Park, consisting of a number of areas scattered throughout the park, the majority being to the east of Okarito Lagoon. Westland Tai Poutini National Park Westland Tai Poutini National Park is located on" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Julian Cradick Julian Michael Cradick (born 27 November 1947) is a former English cricketer. Cradick was a right-handed batsman. He was born at St Dominick, Cornwall. Cradick made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cornwall in 1984 against Devon. From 1984 to 1986, he represented the county in 15 Minor Counties Championship matches, the last of which came against Berkshire. Cradick represented Cornwall in a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Dorset in 1985. Cradick also represented Cornwall in a single List A match against Derbyshire in the 1986 NatWest Trophy. In his only List A match he scored 10 runs. Julian Cradick Julian Michael Cradick (born 27 November 1947) is a former English cricketer. Cradick was a right-handed batsman. He was born at St Dominick, Cornwall. Cradick made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cornwall in 1984 against Devon. From 1984 to 1986, he represented the county in 15 Minor Counties Championship matches, the last of which came against Berkshire. Cradick represented Cornwall in a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Dorset in 1985. Cradick also represented Cornwall in a single List A match against Derbyshire in the 1986 NatWest Trophy. In his only List A match he scored" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Thames Sailing Barge Match The Thames Sailing Barge Match is the second oldest sailing race in the world, beaten only by the America's Cup. It starts off Stanford-le-Hope and finishes off the Three Daws public house in Gravesend on the London River (River Thames) and is open to spritsail rigged Thames sailing barges, it uses the same course and rules as were used in the first match in 1863. The swim-headed barge ( the swimmie) was convenient for river work, slow to windward, fast off the wind but performing abysmally in heavy weather in the seaway. In the 1840s the swim head gave way to the rounded bow that was soon replaced by a straight stem (the stemmie). Competition from the railways was causing barge builders to experiment. \"The Golden Dustman\", William Henry Dodd, organised the first race in 1863, giving cash prizes for the first barges in the stumpie and topsail classes. The second race in 1864 attracted 40 barges. Of the 16 stumpies and the 22 topsail barges entering in 1865, six were still in service in 1931. They sailed from Erith to The Nore and back in 5hr 47min and 5hr 14min. The Stumpies commonly raced at this time with a bowsprit. The owner of the leading 1867 stumpies, Lee, painted Invicta, the white horse of Kent on his black mainsails The races were to induce the barge owners to improve the standard of equipment, and raise the status of the crews. The public chartered special steamers to watch matches, and soon after, barge owners were commissioning barges with racing lines. Started from Mucking No. 3 buoy, Lower Hope Reach, River Thames heading to South West Barrow buoy, returning to the finish off Gravesend. The course sailed was shortened to Sea Reach No.3 North Buoy as the outer mark There are nine barge matches a year, and for example in 2018 : Thames Sailing Barge Match The Thames Sailing Barge Match is the second oldest sailing race in the world, beaten only by the America's Cup. It starts off Stanford-le-Hope and finishes off the Three Daws public house in Gravesend on the London River (River Thames) and is open to spritsail rigged Thames sailing barges, it uses the same course and rules as were used in the first match in 1863. The swim-headed barge ( the swimmie) was convenient for river work, slow to windward, fast off" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Tony Miles Anthony John Miles (23 April 1955 – 12 November 2001) was an English chess grandmaster, the first Englishman to earn the Grandmaster title in over-the-board play. Miles was an only child, born 23 April 1955 in Edgbaston, a suburb of Birmingham, and attended King Edward's School, Birmingham. He was married and divorced twice, and had no children. Miles' first wife was Jana Hartston, who had previously been married to William Hartston. He learned the game of chess early in life and made good progress nationally, taking the titles of British under-14 Champion and under-21 Champion in 1968 and 1971, respectively. In 1973, Miles won the silver medal at the World Junior Chess Championship at Teesside, his first important event against international competition. Both he and compatriot Michael Stean defeated the tournament winner Alexander Beliavsky, but were unable to match the Soviet player's ruthlessness in dispatching lesser opponents. Miles went on to win this prestigious title the following year in Manila, while a mathematics undergraduate of the University of Sheffield. Taking the decision to pursue the game professionally, Miles did not complete his studies, but, in 1975, was awarded an MA by the University in respect of his chess achievements. In 1976, Miles became the first UK-born, chess grandmaster, narrowly beating Raymond Keene to the accolade. The naturalised, German-born Jacques Mieses was awarded the GM title in 1950, while Keith Richardson had been awarded the GM title for correspondence chess earlier in the 1970s. For his achievement, Miles won a £5,000 prize, put up by wealthy businessman and chess backer Jim Slater. Miles had a string of good results in the late 1970s and 1980s. He matured into a world class player and won games against high calibre opponents, such as former World Chess Champions Vasily Smyslov, Mikhail Tal and Boris Spassky. In 1980 at the European Team Championship in Skara, he beat reigning World Champion Anatoly Karpov with Black, using the extremely unorthodox opening 1. e4 a6!?, the St. George Defence. It is often said that Miles learned the line from offbeat openings enthusiast Michael Basman, but in his book \"Play the St. George\", Basman asserts there is no truth to this. Miles beat Karpov again three years later in Bath in a game that was part of the BBC's \"Master Game\" series, but it was shown only by the (co-producing) German television network, due to a BBC technicians' strike at the time of broadcast. Miles won the British Championship just once, in 1982 when the event was held in Torquay. His prime time as a chess player was the mid-1980s. On 20 May 1984, Miles set in Roetgen (Germany) with 22 games (+10−2=10) a European record in blind simultaneous chess; this record was not broken until 2009. On the January 1984 Elo rating list, he ranked No. 18 in the world with a rating of 2599. One of his best results occurred at the Tilburg tournament in 1984, where, from a strong field, he emerged sole winner by a clear margin of one and one-half points. The following year, he tied for first at the same event with Robert Hübner and Viktor Korchnoi, playing several of his games while lying face down on a table, having injured his back. The result was controversial, as many of Miles' opponents felt they were distracted by the unusual circumstances. A string of good performances culminated in a good showing on the January 1986 Elo rating list, where he climbed to a best-ever position of World No. 9 with a rating of 2610. During this period, there was considerable rivalry with Nunn over who was the United Kingdom's best player, the two protagonists regularly leapfrogging each other in the world rankings. Nigel Short and Speelman soon added to the competition, as the English national squad entered its strongest period. Never able to qualify out of the Interzonal stages into the Candidates' series, Miles eventually lost the race to become the first British Candidate when Short did so in 1985. However, he retained top board for England at the Thessaloniki and Dubai Olympiads of 1984 and 1986, helping the team to silver medals at each. Against Garry Kasparov, Miles had little success, not winning a game against him, and losing a 1986 match in Basel by the score of 5½–½. Following this encounter, Miles commented \"I thought I was playing the world champion, not a monster with a thousand eyes who sees everything\" (some sources alternatively quote Miles as having the opinion that Kasparov had 22 or 27 eyes). After he was hospitalised because of a mental breakdown in late 1987, Miles moved to the United States. He finished last in the 1988 U.S. Championship, but continued to play there and had some good results. In 1991, he played in the Championship of Australia, but eventually moved back to England and began to represent his native country again. He was equal first at the very strong Cappelle-la-Grande Open in 1994, 1995, and 1997, and caused a shock at the PCA Intel Rapid Chess Grand Prix in London in 1995, when he knocked out Vladimir Kramnik in the first round and Loek van Wely in the second. His bid to win the event was finally halted in the semifinal by English teammate Michael Adams. There were four notable victories at the Capablanca Memorial in Cuba (1994, 1995, 1996, and 1999). Miles also tied for first in the 1999 Continental Open in Los Angeles with Alexander Beliavsky, Ľubomír Ftáčnik and Suat Atalık. His last tournament victory was the 2001 Canadian Open Chess Championship in Sackville, New Brunswick. Miles entered and played at the 2001 British Championship in Scarborough, but withdrew before the final round, apparently because of ill health. His final two games before his death were short draws in the Four Nations Chess League. Miles played in an extraordinary number of chess events during his career, including many arduous weekend tournaments. The \"Miles Variation\" (1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.Bf4) in the Queen's Indian Defence is named after him. Miles died from heart failure on 12 November 2001. His body was found at his home in Harborne, Birmingham, after a friend called on him to take him to a bridge club. He had suffered from diabetes and a post mortem found that this contributed to his death. He was cremated at Lodge Hill Crematorium in Selly Oak on 23 November. There was a moment of silence before the seventh round of the European Team Championships in León, Spain, in his memory. Miles was in many ways a controversial figure. Once, in the last round of a tournament (Luton, UK, 1975), with Miles needing a draw for first place, and his opponent, Stewart Reuben, wanting a draw for a high placing, he agreed a draw without playing any moves. The arbiter decided to give both players no points for this non-game; the players claimed this \"game\" had been played often, when players prearranged a draw – this was the only time it had been scored 0–0, rather than playing out some anodyne non-moves. This sparked a hefty amount of correspondence in British chess journals. Miles also had his disagreements with chess authorities and with his fellow English players, particularly Keene and Short. Miles made accusations regarding payments that Keene had received from the British Chess Federation for acting as his second (assistant) in the 1985 Interzonal tournament in Tunis. Miles became rather obsessed with the affair, eventually suffering a mental breakdown over it. He was arrested in September 1987 in Downing Street, apparently under the belief that he had to speak to then-Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher about the matter; he was subsequently hospitalised for two months. Writing in \"The Daily Telegraph\" in November 2003, Nigel Short said that \"Tony was insanely jealous of my success, and his inability to accept that he was no longer the UK's number one was an indication of, if not a trigger for, his descent into madness.\" Miles was also noted for his acerbic wit. He often attacked chess personalities in", "payments that Keene had received from the British Chess Federation for acting as his second (assistant) in the 1985 Interzonal tournament in Tunis. Miles became rather obsessed with the affair, eventually suffering a mental breakdown over it. He was arrested in September 1987 in Downing Street, apparently under the belief that he had to speak to then-Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher about the matter; he was subsequently hospitalised for two months. Writing in \"The Daily Telegraph\" in November 2003, Nigel Short said that \"Tony was insanely jealous of my success, and his inability to accept that he was no longer the UK's number one was an indication of, if not a trigger for, his descent into madness.\" Miles was also noted for his acerbic wit. He often attacked chess personalities in published articles. He attacked former World Champion Anatoly Karpov in an article entitled \"Has Karpov Lost his Marbles?\". Other victims of his published attacks were Woman Grandmaster Martha Fierro and Indian Chess Organizer Umar Koya. His review of Eric Schiller's book \"Unorthodox Chess Openings\" (Cardoza Publishing, 1998) which appeared in \"Kingpin\" consisted of just two words: \"Utter crap.\" Tony Miles Anthony John Miles (23 April 1955 – 12 November 2001) was an English chess grandmaster, the first Englishman to earn the Grandmaster title in over-the-board play. Miles was an only child, born 23 April 1955 in Edgbaston, a suburb of Birmingham, and attended King Edward's School, Birmingham. He was married and divorced twice, and had no children. Miles' first wife was Jana Hartston, who had previously been married to William Hartston. He learned the game of chess early in life and made good progress nationally, taking the titles of British under-14 Champion and under-21 Champion in 1968" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Infinite regress An infinite regress in a series of propositions arises if the truth of proposition \"P\" requires the support of proposition \"P\", the truth of proposition \"P\" requires the support of proposition \"P\", and so on, ad infinitum. Distinction is made between infinite regresses that are \"vicious\" and those that are not. Aristotle argued that knowing does not necessitate an infinite regress because some knowledge does not depend on demonstration: Infinite regress in consciousness is the formation of an infinite series of \"inner observers\" as we ask the question of who is observing the output of the neural correlates of consciousness in the study of subjective consciousness. Infinite regress is akin to the optical phenomenon wherein an infinite sequence of receding images is formed between two parallel facing mirrors. A similar process occurs in optical feedback. Libertarian free will asserts that human actions do not have causes and are chosen consciously – i.e. are not random. This raises a serious question: what are these conscious decisions based on? Since they can't be based on nothing (as the possibility of decisions being random is excluded), this question can be asked for each subsequent answer or answers to it, thus forming an infinite regress. Infinite regress An infinite regress in a series of propositions arises if the truth of proposition \"P\" requires the support of proposition \"P\", the truth of proposition \"P\" requires the support of proposition \"P\", and so on, ad infinitum. Distinction is made between infinite regresses that are \"vicious\" and those that are not. Aristotle argued that knowing does not necessitate an infinite regress because some knowledge does not depend on demonstration: Infinite regress in consciousness is the formation of an infinite series of \"inner observers\" as we ask the question of who is observing the output of" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Raidhu Raidhu (IAST: Raidhū, 1393-1489) was an Apabhramsha poet from Gwalior, and an important figure in the Digambara Jain community. He supervised the pratishtha consecration ceremony of many—perhaps most—of the Jain idols carved on the hill side in the Gwalior Fort during the rule of Tomara rulers Dungarasimha and Kirtisimha. Raidhu was born in the Padmavati Purval Jain community, as he himself acknowledged. His birth place is uncertain, but he appears to have spent most of his life in or around Gwalior. He was a lay disciple of the Jain leader Bramha Shripal, who was a disciple of Bhattaraka Yashahkiriti of Kashtha Sangha. Raidhu was an important figure in the Gwalior court, where he stayed at the invitation of the Tomara king Dungarasimha. He was also a close associate of the Digambara ascetics (Bhattarakas) who were influential in the Tomara court. Besides, Raidhu was patronized by several wealthy Jain merchants. Raidhu played a central role in connecting these different groups together: he authored religious books for the wealthy merchants, and encouraged them to donate money towards religious causes. Raidhu's powerful and wealthy sponsors helped disseminate his literary works, some of which are lavishly illustrated (e.g. \"Jasodharacariu\"). These patrons included Kamalasimha, Yashahkirti, Khelha Brahmachari, Sanghadhipati Nemadasa and Asapati. Kamalasimha started the development of Gwalior as a Jain holy place, with support from the Tomara rulers Dungarasimha and Kirtisimha. The Digambara monk Yashahkirti and Khelha Brahmachari encouraged Raidhu to write \"Sammaijiṇacariu\", a biography of Mahavira. Khelha also commissioned the colossal image of Chandraprabha. Sanghadhipati Nemadasa was a patron of Raidhu's poem \"Puṇṇāsavakahākosa\", and also built a Jain shrine on his recommendation. Asapati was a minister of the Tomara king Dungarasimha. Raidhu was also responsible for consecrating many of the Jain rock carvings inside the fort, as attested by multiple inscriptions. These include the two colossal images of Adinatha (57 feet) and Chandraprabha. Medieval Jain texts state that certain sacred mountains covered with images of Jinas would survive the destruction of the world. Raidhu's poems often mention the end times (\"kaliyuga\"), and several near-contemporary poets also allude to the end times amid the Muslim conquests. Therefore, it appears that the colossal Jain images were intended to ensure the survival of Gopalagiri (the Gwalior fort hill) in the end times. Raidhu composed several poems in Apabhramsha, many of which have survived. He composed many of these poems while living in the Jain temples of Gopalagiri. Raja Ram Jain translated Raidhu's poems into Hindi language. Raidhu's known works include: Some of his texts are still being discovered in Jain libraries. A Raidhu Award, named after him, of Rs. 21,000 is given every year by the Shyamlal Shastri Trust in Firozabad. Raidhu Raidhu (IAST: Raidhū, 1393-1489) was an Apabhramsha poet from Gwalior, and an important figure in the Digambara Jain community. He supervised the pratishtha consecration ceremony of many—perhaps most—of the Jain idols carved on the hill side in the Gwalior Fort during the rule of Tomara rulers Dungarasimha and Kirtisimha. Raidhu was born in the" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Jarallah Alaluwayt Major General Jarallah Alaluwayt () is the current commander of the fifth branch of Royal Saudi Armed Forces: the Royal Saudi Strategic Missile Force. He had officially opened the new HQ and Academy building of Strategic Missile Force in Riyadh during July 2013. Starting from 2013 his name and photos are officially opened for the general public, his personality is not classified as it was used before for all information connected with Royal Saudi Strategic Missile Force. His post became even more important since the Nuclear program of Saudi Arabia has been pushed forward from 2009 according to the declaration by King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia and prince Turki bin Faisal Al Saud. Jarallah Alaluwayt is probably the first and the only one commander of such military branch among all Arab and Muslim countries. Pakistan has strategic ballistic missiles too, but they are not a separate branch of the military; the Army Strategic Forces Command is subordinate of Pakistan Army. Jarallah Alaluwayt Major General Jarallah Alaluwayt () is the current commander of the fifth branch of Royal Saudi Armed Forces: the Royal Saudi Strategic Missile Force. He had officially opened the new HQ and Academy building of Strategic" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Minor-planet moon A minor-planet moon is an astronomical object that orbits a minor planet as its natural satellite. It is thought that many asteroids and Kuiper belt objects may possess moons, in some cases quite substantial in size. Discoveries of minor-planet moons (and binary objects, in general) are important because the determination of their orbits provides estimates on the mass and density of the primary, allowing insights of their physical properties that is generally not otherwise possible. The first modern era mention of the possibility of an asteroid satellite was in connection with an occultation of the bright star Gamma Ceti by the asteroid 6 Hebe in 1977. The observer, amateur astronomer Paul D. Maley, detected an unmistakable 0.5 second disappearance of this naked eye star from a site near Victoria, Texas. Many hours later, several observations were reported in Mexico attributed to the occultation by 6 Hebe itself. Although not confirmed, this documents the first formally documented case of a suspected companion of an asteroid. As of November 2018, there are 344 minor planets known to have moons. In addition to the terms \"satellite\" and \"moon\", the term \"binary\" (binary minor planet) is sometimes used for minor planets with moons, and \"triple\" for minor planets with two moons. If one object is much bigger it can be referred to as the \"primary\" and its companion as \"secondary\". The term \"double asteroid\" is sometimes used for systems in which the asteroid and its moon are roughly the same size, while \"binary\" tends to be used independently from the relative sizes of the components. When binary minor planets are similar in size, the Minor Planet Center (MPC) refers to them as \"binary companions\" instead of referring to the smaller body as a satellite. A good example of a true binary is the 90 Antiope system, identified in August 2000. Small satellites are often referred to as moonlets. As of November 2018, there are 334 minor planets with 362 known satellites. These consist of: Prior to the era of the \"Hubble Space Telescope\" and space probes reaching the outer Solar System, attempts to detect satellites around asteroids were limited to optical observations from Earth. For example, in 1978, stellar occultation observations were claimed as evidence of a satellite for the asteroid 532 Herculina. However, later more-detailed imaging by the Hubble Telescope did not reveal a satellite, and the current consensus is that Herculina does not have a significant satellite. There were other similar reports of asteroids having companions (usually referred to as satellites) in the following years. Also, a letter in \"Sky & Telescope\" magazine at this time pointed to apparently simultaneous impact craters on Earth (for example, the Clearwater Lakes in Quebec), suggesting that these craters were caused by pairs of gravitationally-bound objects. In 1993, the first asteroid moon was confirmed when the Galileo probe discovered the small Dactyl orbiting 243 Ida in the asteroid belt. The second was discovered around 45 Eugenia in 1998. In 2001, 617 Patroclus and its same-sized companion Menoetius became the first known binary asteroids in the Jupiter trojans. The first trans-Neptunian binary after Pluto–Charon, , was optically resolved in 2002. Triple minor planets, or trinary minor planets, are known since 2005, when the asteroid 87 Sylvia was discovered to have two satellites, making it the first known triple system. This was followed by the discovery of a second moon orbiting 45 Eugenia. Also in 2005, the dwarf planet was discovered to have two moons, making it the second trans-Neptunian object after Pluto known to have more than one moon. Additionally, 216 Kleopatra and 93 Minerva were discovered to be trinary asteroids in 2008 and 2009 respectively. Since the first few triple minor planets were discovered, more continue to be discovered at a rate of about one a year. Most recently discovered were two moons orbiting large near-earth asteroid 3122 Florence, bringing the number of known trinary systems in the Solar System up to 14. The following table lists all satellites of these systems chronologically by their discovery date, starting with Charon, discovered in 1978. The data about the populations of binary objects are still patchy. In addition to the inevitable observational bias (dependence on the distance from Earth, size, albedo and separation of the components) the frequency appears to be different among different categories of objects. Among asteroids, an estimated 2% would have satellites. Among trans-Neptunian objects (TNO), an estimated 11% are thought to be binary or multiple objects, and the majority of the large TNOs have at least one satellite, including all four IAU-listed dwarf planets. More than 50 binaries are known in each of the main groupings: near-Earth asteroids, belt asteroids, and trans-Neptunian objects, not including numerous claims based solely on light-curve variation. Two binaries have been found so far among centaurs with semi-major axes smaller than Neptune. Both are double ring systems around 2060 Chiron and 10199 Chariklo, discovered in 1994–2011 and 2013 respectively. The origin of minor-planet moons is not currently known with certainty, and a variety of theories exist. A widely accepted theory is that minor-planet moons are formed from debris knocked off of the primary by an impact. Other pairings may be formed when a small object is captured by the gravity of a larger one. Formation by collision is constrained by the angular momentum of the components, i.e. by the masses and their separation. Close binaries fit this model (e.g. Pluto–Charon). Distant binaries however, with components of comparable size, are unlikely to have followed this scenario, unless considerable mass has been lost in the event. The distances of the components for the known binaries vary from a few hundreds of kilometres (243 Ida, 3749 Balam) to more than 3000 km (379 Huenna) for the asteroids. Among TNOs, the known separations vary from 3,000 to 50,000 km. What is \"typical\" for a binary system tends to depend on its location in the Solar System (presumably because of different modes of origin and lifetimes of such systems in different populations of minor planets). There are 70 known near-Earth asteroids with moons. Candidate binaries with an unconfirmed status are displayed on a dark background. There are 27 Mars-crossing asteroids with moons. Candidate binaries with an unconfirmed status are displayed on a dark background. There are 155 asteroids with moons in the asteroid belt. Candidate binaries with an unconfirmed status are displayed on a dark background. The following binaries are double asteroids, with similarly-sized components, and a barycenter outside of the larger object. In addition, these bodies might be double asteroids, but due to errors in their size and orbit, it is uncertain. There are 5 Jupiter trojans with a moon. Candidate binaries with an unconfirmed status are displayed on a dark background. There are only 2 centaurs with satellites, both of which are ring systems instead of moons. There are 87 trans-Neptunian objects known to have moons, with a total of 93 moons discovered. Candidate binaries with an unconfirmed status are displayed on a dark background. Minor-planet moon A minor-planet moon is an astronomical object that orbits a minor planet as its natural satellite. It is thought that many asteroids and Kuiper belt objects may possess moons, in some cases quite" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Calton Coffie Calton Coffie (born ?) is a Jamaican vocalist who rose to prominence for his work in the Jamaican-based recording act Inner Circle, but had also recorded as a vocal soloist. He was active in the reggae group from 1986 to 1994, when he began performing under the moniker \"Hot Cup of Coffie\", based in the United Kingdom. For a brief period, his career was put on hold due to health problems. Coffie is perhaps best known for providing vocals for their smash hit single \"Sweat (A La La La La Long)\", which entered the European charts upon its release. His 4 decade long career proclaimed him 1 Grammy Award win and 2 nominations, for \"Sweat (A La La La La Long)\", \"Bad Boys\" and \"Reggae Dancer\". Little is known about Coffie, and his activity in the music business is faltered. Calton Coffie Calton Coffie (born ?) is a Jamaican vocalist who rose to prominence for his work in the Jamaican-based recording act Inner Circle, but had also recorded as a vocal soloist. He was active in the reggae group from 1986 to 1994, when he began performing under the moniker \"Hot Cup of Coffie\", based in the United" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Gene Rhodes Eugene Stephen Rhodes (September 2, 1927 – March 10, 2018) was an American basketball player and coach. Rhodes played college basketball at Western Kentucky University. While Rhodes was a player, WKU won the Ohio Valley Conference championship in 1949, 1950 and 1951, playing in the National Invitational Tournament in each of those seasons. Rhodes played in the NBA for the Indianapolis Olympians. Rhodes was later head basketball coach at St. Xavier High School, leading that team to the 1958 Kentucky state championship. In 1964, Rhodes later returned to WKU as an assistant coach under John Oldham, to 1968. In that time the team went to two NCAA tournaments and appeared once in the National Invitational Tournament. During the inaugural season of the American Basketball Association the Kentucky Colonels started out with a record of 5-12, which led to the firing of head coach John Givens. Rhodes replaced Givens and guided the Colonels to fourth place in the Eastern Division. The Colonels lost the 1968 Eastern Division semifinals to the Minnesota Muskies 3 games to two. In the 1968–69 season Rhodes led the Colonels to a record of 42-36 which was good for third place in the Eastern Division. Rhodes also coached the East team in the ABA All Star game. The Colonels made history this season as Penny Early became the first female player in the history of professional basketball. In the playoffs, the Colonels lost a close series, 4 games to 3, to the Indiana Pacers. During the 1969–70 season the Colonels posted a record of 45 wins and 39 losses, claiming second place in the Eastern Division. The Colonels beat the New York Nets 4 games to 3 in the Eastern Division semifinals bust lost the Eastern Division finals to the Indiana Pacers, 4 games to 1. Rhodes began the 1970–71 season with a 10-5 record with the Colonels but was fired at that point. Alex Groza was briefly the Colonels' head coach for two games (winning both) and Frank Ramsey assumed the reins for the remainder of the season as the Colonels defeated the Miami Floridians 4 games to 2 in the Eastern Division semifinals, defeated the Virginia Squires 4 games to 2 in the Eastern Division finals but then lost a very close ABA Championship series, 4 games to 3, to the Utah Stars. In 1973, Rhodes became general manager of the Kentucky Colonels. Rhodes died on March 10, 2018 aged 90 in his hometown in Louisville, Kentucky. Gene Rhodes Eugene Stephen Rhodes (September 2, 1927 – March 10, 2018) was an American basketball player and coach. Rhodes played college basketball at Western Kentucky University. While Rhodes was a player, WKU won the Ohio Valley Conference championship in 1949, 1950 and 1951, playing in the National Invitational Tournament in each of those seasons. Rhodes played in the NBA for the Indianapolis Olympians. Rhodes was later head basketball coach at St. Xavier High School, leading that team to the 1958 Kentucky state championship. In 1964," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Benny Phillips Benjamin Phillips (born 9 June 1960 in Hazel Grove, Cheshire) is an English former professional association footballer who played as a right-back. He played in the Football League for Bury. He is currently manager of Radcliffe Borough of the Northern Premier League Division One North. Phillips was a junior with Blackpool, Manchester City and Preston North End before joining Macclesfield Town. He joined Bury in September 1980. He played 14 times that season and was linked with a move to Bolton Wanderers that fell through due to a pelvic injury, but was released and joined Stalybridge Celtic after a brief spell with Crewe Alexandra. He joined Mossley in August 1982 and was voted the supporters' player of the year the following season. He remained a regular the following season until leaving to join Witton Albion following the departure of manager Bob Murphy from the club in December 1983. He subsequently played for Winsford United, Barrow, Buxton and Rossendale United before rejoining Mossley in November 1990. He left to join Curzon Ashton early in the 1991–92 season, later playing for Droylsden. Phillips was assistant manager at Stalybridge Celtic, Congleton Town and Ashton United and managed coached Mid-Cheshire League sides Grove United and Bramhall before taking over as manager of Mossley in July 1997. He left in November 2001 to take over as manager of Witton Albion, resigning in August 2003 after Albion had lost their first three games of the season. He was later assistant manager of Leek Town (from May 2004 until May 2005), Clitheroe (from June 2005) and Witton Albion before taking over as manager of Bradford Park Avenue in March 2007. He was sacked by Bradford in February 2008, despite the team being in the race for promotion. He was appointed as first-team coach, under manager Steve Burr, of Stalybridge Celtic in June 2009. He was made caretaker manager of Stalybridge Celtic in January 2010 following Steve Burr's departure to take over Conference National side Kidderminster Harriers. He was appointed manager of Radcliffe Borough in February 2011 by chairman Bernard Manning jnr (son of the late comic Bernard Manning). Away from football, Phillips used to run a bingo club in Hyde, although he sold the club in 2005 and it closed in 2009. Benny Phillips Benjamin Phillips (born 9 June 1960 in Hazel Grove, Cheshire) is an English former professional association footballer who played as a" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Jordan Hamilton Jordan Christian Hamilton (born October 6, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Basket Brescia Leonessa of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). He played college basketball for the University of Texas. Hamilton began his high school career at Susan Miller Dorsey High School where he averaged 26 points, eight rebounds and seven assists per game as a sophomore. After three years at Dorsey, he transferred to Manuel Dominguez High School, playing under Russell Otis. As a junior, he averaged 27.6 points and 11.1 rebounds per game while leading Dominguez to a 32–3 mark and the CIF Southern Section Division I-AA championship. Considered a five-star recruit by Rivals.com, Hamilton was listed as the No. 1 small forward and the No. 6 player in the nation in 2009. Hamilton played for the University of Texas where, as a sophomore, he was selected in the second team All-America by the USBWA and the fourth team All-America by Fox Sports after posting averages of 18.6 points and 7.7 rebounds per game. In 70 games for the Longhorns, he averaged 14.5 points, 5.7 rebounds and 1.8 assists per game. Hamilton was selected with the 26th overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft by the Dallas Mavericks. His draft rights were later traded to the Denver Nuggets on draft night. On December 9, 2011, he signed with the Nuggets. On January 3, 2012, he was assigned to the Idaho Stampede. Four days later, he made his professional debut in a 116–112 loss to the Bakersfield Jam, recording 14 points and 10 rebounds. On January 15, he was recalled by the Nuggets. Ten days later, he made his debut for the Nuggets in a 122–93 win over the Sacramento Kings, recording two points and three rebounds in five minutes off the bench. In three seasons, he averaged 5.6 points, 2.8 rebounds and 0.7 assists per game. On February 20, 2014, Hamilton was traded to the Houston Rockets in exchange for Aaron Brooks. Five days later, he made his debut for the Rockets in a 129–103 win over the Sacramento Kings, recording 12 points, five rebounds, two assists, one steal and one block in 24 minutes off the bench. In 21 games, he averaged 6.6 points, 2.9 rebounds and 0.9 assists per game. On August 18, 2014, Hamilton signed with the Toronto Raptors. However, he was later waived by the Raptors on October 25. Two days later, he was claimed off waivers by the Utah Jazz. On November 6, he was waived by the Jazz before appearing in a game for them. On November 26, 2014, Hamilton was acquired by the Iowa Energy of the NBA Development League. Three days later, he made his debut for Iowa in a 102–97 loss to the Grand Rapids Drive, recording 11 points, three rebounds, two assists and one steal in 18 minutes off the bench. On December 10, 2014, Hamilton was traded, along with a 2015 second-round pick, to the Reno Bighorns in exchange for a 2015 first-round pick. Two days later, he made his debut for the Bighorns in a 133–122 win over the Idaho Stampede, recording 11 points, three rebounds, one assist, one steal and two blocks in 21 minutes off the bench. On February 4, 2015, he was named to the Futures All-Star team for the 2015 NBA D-League All-Star Game. On February 24, 2015, Hamilton signed a 10-day contract with the Los Angeles Clippers. Three days later, he made his debut for the Clippers in a 97–79 win over the Memphis Grizzlies. On March 6, 2015, he signed a second 10-day contract with the Clippers. On March 20, he signed with the Clippers for the remainder of the season. On August 1, he was waived by the Clippers. In 14 games, he averaged 2.7 points, 1.1 rebounds and 0.5 assists per game. On August 22, 2015, Hamilton signed with Krasny Oktyabr of Russia for the 2015–16 season. On November 23, he parted ways with the club. In 6 Eurocup games, he averaged 12.2 points, 7.7 rebounds and 1.5 assists per game. On February 16, 2016, he was acquired by the Rio Grande Valley Vipers. That night, he made his debut for the Vipers in a 101–96 win over the Austin Spurs, recording eight points, six rebounds, four assists and two blocks in 24 minutes. On March 25, 2016, Hamilton signed a 10-day contract with the New Orleans Pelicans to help the team deal with numerous injuries. New Orleans had to use an NBA hardship exemption in order to sign him as he made their roster stand at 17, two over the allowed limited of 15. The next day, he made his debut in a 115–91 loss to the Toronto Raptors, recording 11 points, four rebounds and three assists in 24 minutes off the bench. On April 4, Hamilton signed with the Pelicans for the rest of the season. On April 27, 2016, Hamilton signed with the Bucaneros de La Guaira of the Liga Profesional de Baloncesto. Two days later, he made his debut for La Guaira in an 81–77 win over the Marinos de Anzoátegui, recording 10 points, five rebounds, 12 assists and one steal in 38 minutes. On July 25, 2016, Hamilton signed with Tofaş of the Turkish Basketball Super League. After only one game, Hamilton left Tofaş. On October 23, 2016, Hamilton signed with Guaros de Lara of the Venezuelan League. On June 17, 2017, Hamilton signed with Turkish club Uşak Sportif. Hamilton played 24 games for Uşak and averaged 13.5 points, 6.8 rebounds and 2.3 assists per game. On April 16, 2018, Hamilton parted ways with Uşak and signed with the Israeli team Hapoel Holon for the rest of the season as a replacement for Glen Rice Jr.. On May 30, 2018, Hamilton recorded a season-high 28 points, shooting 11-of-20 from the field, along with six rebounds and two steals in a 89–83 playoff win over Hapoel Eilat. Hamilton helped Holon to reach the 2018 Israeli League Final, where they eventually lost to Maccabi Tel Aviv. In 16 games played for Holon, Hamilton averaged 17.7 points, 7.5 rebounds, 2.4 assists and 1.2 steals per game, shooting 43.6% from three point range. On July 12, 2018, Hamilton signed a one-year deal with the Italian team Basket Brescia Leonessa. Hamilton is the son of Greg and Karen and has five brothers. His younger brother, Isaac, played college basketball for UCLA. Jordan Hamilton Jordan Christian Hamilton (born October 6, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Basket Brescia Leonessa of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). He played" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Propionaldehyde Propionaldehyde or propanal is the organic compound with the formula CHCHCHO. It is a saturated 3-carbon aldehyde and is a structural isomer of acetone. It is a colorless liquid with a slightly irritating, fruity odor. Propionaldehyde is mainly produced industrially through hydroformylation, by combining synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) with ethylene using a metal (typically rhodium) catalyst: In this way, several hundred thousand tons are produced annually. Propionaldehyde may also be prepared by oxidizing 1-propanol with a mixture of sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate. The reflux condenser contains water heated at 60 °C, which condenses unreacted propanol, but allows propionaldehyde to pass. The propionaldehyde vapor is immediately condensed into a suitable receiver. In this arrangement, any propionaldehyde formed is immediately removed from the reactor, thus it does not get over-oxidized to propionic acid. It is principally used as a precursor to trimethylolethane (CHC(CHOH)) through a condensation reaction with formaldehyde; this triol is an important intermediate in the production of alkyd resins. Other applications include reduction to propanol and oxidation to propionic acid. Condensation of propionaldehyde with \"tert\"-butylamine gives CHCHCH=N-\"t\"-Bu, a three-carbon building block used in organic synthesis. Deprotonation of this imine with LDA produces CHCHLiCH=N-\"t\"-Bu, which in turn condenses with aldehydes. Astronomers have detected propionaldehyde (along with acrolein) in the molecular cloud Sagittarius B2 near the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, about 26,000 light years from Earth. On 30 July 2015, scientists reported that upon the first touchdown of the \"Philae\" lander on comet 67/P surface, measurements by the COSAC and Ptolemy instruments revealed sixteen organic compounds, four of which were seen for the first time on a comet, including acetamide, acetone, methyl isocyanate and propionaldehyde. Propionaldehyde Propionaldehyde or propanal is the organic compound with the formula CHCHCHO. It is a saturated 3-carbon aldehyde and is a" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Jacob Brent Jacob 'Jazzy' Brent (born August 14, 1973) is an American stage actor who is most famous for his role as the Magical Mr. Mistoffelees in the video production of CATS which was filmed in 1998. He graduated from the North Carolina School of the Arts in 1991. Jacob also worked with the ALICE workshop, a musical based on Alice in Wonderland as well as his own showcase at the Sadlers Wells Theatre. In 2002, he worked with choreography during the Elan Awards and the Dance with Dancers Millennium Gala for the New York City Ballet. Jacob now donates his time and talent to San Jose Children's Musical Theatre, where he is directing their 2008 production of \"Peter Pan\" as well as their 2009 Spring Production of Leonard Bernstein's \"Candide\". He holds a Masters of Fine Arts from San Diego State University. In 2016, Brent was appointed Assistant Professor of Dance at Shenandoah University. There, he instructs students in the art of becoming \"Jazz Warriors\". Jacob Brent Jacob 'Jazzy' Brent (born August 14, 1973) is an American stage actor who is most famous for his role as the Magical Mr. Mistoffelees in the video production of CATS which was" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Andres Kasekamp Andres Ilmar Kasekamp (born December 7, 1966 in Toronto) is the director of the Estonian Foreign Policy Institute (since 2000) and Professor of Baltic Politics at the University of Tartu, Estonia (since 2004). Andres Kasekamp served as Chairman of the Board of the Open Estonia Foundation from 2004-2008. His main research interests are extreme-right movements and contemporary Baltic history. He graduated from the University of Toronto. In 1996 he earned a PhD in history from the School of Slavonic and East European Studies in London, which today forms part of University College London. He has been a Visiting Professor at the University of Toronto and Humboldt University, Berlin. In 2002-2005 he was the editor of the \"Journal of Baltic Studies\". His book \"The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia\" is the first comprehensive book on the Estonian politics of the 1930s. It mainly focuses on the history of the Estonian War of Independence Veterans' League. In 2010, he published \"A History of the Baltic States\" for Palgrave Macmillan. Andres Kasekamp Andres Ilmar Kasekamp (born December 7, 1966 in Toronto) is the director of the Estonian Foreign Policy Institute (since 2000) and Professor of Baltic Politics at the University of" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Waymon Reed Waymon Reed (January 10, 1940, Fayetteville, North Carolina - November 25, 1983, Nashville, Tennessee) was an American jazz trumpeter. While he was principally a bebop soloist, he also worked in rhythm and blues (R&B). He was married from 1978 to 1981 to singer Sarah Vaughan. Reed attended the Eastman School of Music and then played R&B with Ira Sullivan. He joined James Brown's band from 1965 to 1969, where he played on \"It's a Man's Man's Man's World\". Following his tenure with Brown he joined Count Basie's band from 1969 to 1973. In 1968, Reed's daughter, Keelon, was born in Houston, Texas. Following her birth, Reed worked with the big bands of Frank Foster and Thad Jones-Mel Lewis. He returned to play with Basie again in 1977–78. He married Sarah Vaughan and worked with her from 1978–80, but shortly afterwards they divorced. He played on B.B. King's album \"There Must Be a Better World Somewhere\" in 1981. Reed died of cancer in 1983. His one album as leader featured tenor-saxophonist Jimmy Forrest, pianist Tommy Flanagan, bassist Keter Betts and drummer Bobby Durham. With Count Basie With Al Grey With Eddie Jefferson Waymon Reed Waymon Reed (January 10, 1940," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Australia The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) has had a presence in the Australia since 1840. The LDS Church was introduced into Australia when William James Barratt, emigrated from England to Adelaide in November 1840. He had been ordained an elder by George A. Smith, a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, who instructed him to share the gospel whenever he could. Barratt, whose descendants still live in the Adelaide area, eventually drifted away from the church, but not until after he had baptized Robert Beauchamp, probably the first Australian convert. Beauchamp later became president of the Australian Mission. Andrew and Elizabeth Anderson, also British converts, immigrated to Wellington, near Dubbo, New South Wales, with their three children in 1841. Anderson baptized several converts and in 1844 organized the church's first Australian branch in Wellington. Official LDS missionary work did not begin in Australia until John Murdock and Charles W. Wandell arrived in Sydney from Utah on 30 October 1851. The first church building was constructed in Brisbane in 1904 and the country’s first temple, located in Sydney, was completed in 1984. As of 6 April 2013, the LDS Church reported 136,617 members, 34 stakes, nine districts, 208 wards, 82 branches, and five missions. There are five temples in Australia, located in the cities of Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney The membership reported by the church in Australia is approximately 0.57% of the country's population. However, the Australian Bureau of Statistics census in 2011 had only 59,770 who described themselves as Latter-day Saints or 0.28% of the population. LDS Church membership statistics are different from self-reported statistics mainly because the LDS Church does not remove an individual’s name from its membership rolls based on inactivity in the church. In 2016 census 60,867 self identified as being members of the church religion. The Sydney Australia Temple was the first LDS temple built in Australia; it was dedicated in September 1984. Four additional temples were dedicated between 2000 and 2003. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Australia The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) has had a presence in the Australia since 1840. The LDS Church was introduced into Australia when William James Barratt, emigrated from England to Adelaide in November 1840. He had been ordained an elder by George" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "São Paulo das Missões São Paulo das Missões is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Like many towns in the state which were first settled by German-speaking Europeans, the German language is still present in daily family and community life, if not as much in the public sphere since World War II; the regional German dialect is called Riograndenser Hunsrückisch, as it is a Brazilian variant of the dialect spoken in the Hunsrück region of southwest Germany. In 2012 the state chamber of deputies voted unanimously in favor of recognizing this Germanic dialect an official historical culture good to be preserved. São Paulo das Missões São Paulo das Missões is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Like many towns in the state which were first settled by German-speaking Europeans, the German language is still present in daily family and community life, if not as much in the public sphere since World War II; the regional German dialect is called Riograndenser Hunsrückisch, as it is a Brazilian variant of the dialect spoken in the Hunsrück region of southwest Germany. In 2012 the state chamber of deputies voted unanimously in favor of" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "The White Apple Tree White Apple Tree (Lithuanian: Baltoji obelis) is a 1932 painting by the Lithuanian artist . The picture is painted in oil on canvas and has dimensions of 89 x 71cm. The picture is part of the collection of the Lithuanian Art Museum in Vilnius. Exhibited for the first time in 1932, White apple tree holds a special place in the history of Lithuanian art as part of the best Lithuanian landscapes. Samuolis was young at the time, Antanas but still showed maturity in his work. The main focus of the picture is the central apple tree, highlighted by its lighter color. The woman is over a barrel, a dog and several buildings are of secondary importance in the picture. Expressionism is represented by the crooked trunk of the tree, the hunched woman and the uneven plowed farmland. The scene contains a mood of loneliness and sadness. The scenery is authentic, and it is assumed that the apple tree is in the family garden of the artist. The picture contains an autobiographical aspect, alluding to the hard life of the artist, suffering from ill health and financial difficulties. The White Apple Tree White Apple Tree (Lithuanian: Baltoji" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Saint-Domingue expedition The Saint-Domingue expedition was a French military expedition sent by Napoleon Bonaparte, then First Consul, under his brother-in-law Charles Victor Emmanuel Leclerc in an attempt to regain French control of the Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue on the island of Hispaniola, and curtail the measures of independence taken by the former slave Toussaint Louverture. It landed in December 1801 and, after initial success, ended in a French defeat at the battle of Vertières and the departure of French troops in December 1803. The French Revolution led to serious social upheavals on Saint-Domingue, of which the most important was the slave revolt that led to the abolition of slavery in 1793 by the civil commissioners Sonthonax and Polverel, in a decision endorsed and spread to all the French colonies by the National Convention 6 months later. Toussaint Louverture, a black former slave who had been made Governor by France, re-established peace, fought off Spanish and British attempts to capture the island, and reestablished prosperity by daring measures. However, he went too far in hunting down governor Don Joaquín García y Moreno (27 January 1801), who had remained in what had been the Spanish part of the island following the 1795 Peace of Basel. Toussaint had also challenged French imperial interests by promulgating a self-rule constitution on 12 July 1801, which declared himself governor for life. On 9 February 1801, after their defeat at Marengo, the Austrians split off from the Second Coalition and signed the Treaty of Lunéville with France. Naples then signed a peace treaty with the French at Florence and Russia under Paul I distanced itself from the coalition, with his successor Alexander I finally concluded a secret peace with Bonaparte on 10 October 1801. Britain was thus isolated and, after the first ministry of William Pitt the Younger fell on 13 March 1801, the new government began to consider making peace. Bonaparte (now First Consul) could thus concentrate on internal problems within France and its empire. His troops were idle and his officers eager for a chance for glory. In early 1801, Bonaparte decided to appoint his sister Pauline's husband, general Charles Leclerc, as head of a military expedition to reassert French authority over Saint-Domingue. Initially, Bonaparte planned to confirm the military ranks and lands acquired by Toussaint's officers, offer Toussaint the rôle of lieutenant of France, and guarantee freedom to the former slaves, while re-establishing Paris's authority over the island in the person of its capitaine général. Toussaint's two sons were then being educated in France and as proof to Toussaint the French government's goodwill Bonaparte sent them back to their father with their tutor. By October, however, Bonaparte's opinion had shifted, as he interpreted Toussaint's July constitution as an unacceptable offense to French imperial authority. Henceforth, Bonaparte secretly directed Leclerc to disarm Toussaint's black-controlled government and deport his military officers to France. Bonaparte foresaw that Toussaint would probably put up resistance and so took all necessary measures to defeat him should that occur – Toussaint had over 16,000 men available, so Leclerc was put in command of 30,000 men drawn from nearly all the French Revolutionary Armies as well as the disciplinary corps. Peace had not yet been conclusively signed with Britain (the Peace of Amiens would finally be signed on 25 March 1802) when on 14 December 1801 a French fleet of 21 frigates and 35 ships of the line (with one 120 gun ship) left Brest under Villaret de Joyeuse carrying 7,000–8,000 troops. This fleet was followed by the squadron under contre-amiral Ganteaume which left Toulon on 14 February with 4,200 troops then by that under contre-amiral Linois which left Cadiz on 17 February with 2,400 troops. In the following months even more ships left France with fresh troops, including over 4,000 men from the artillerie de marine, a Dutch division and the Polish Danube Legion. Also included were a Spanish fleet of seven ships under Admiral Federico Gravina as well as large financial and material aid coming from Spanish Cuba. In total 31,131 troops were landed on Saint-Domingue, including some black figures such as André Rigaud and future Haitian president Alexandre Pétion, both of whom Toussaint had expelled from the colony two years earlier in the War of Knives (after the Saint-Domingue expedition's failure, Rigaud would be imprisoned at fort de Joux by Napoleon, a few cells away from Toussaint himself). The ships were due to join up in the Bay of Samaná, which Villaret de Joyeuse reached on 29 January, closely followed by Latouche-Tréville. Without waiting for Ganteaume and Linois, these two admirals divided up their combined fleets to arrive at different ports in order to surprise Toussaint. General Kerverseau was to land at Santo Domingo in the Spanish part of the island, General Jean Boudet was sent to take Port-au-Prince in ships under Latouche-Tréville and Leclerc; Villaret de Joyeuse and Gravina sailed towards to Cap-Haïtien. When Toussaint discovered the French ships in the bay of Samaná he ordered Henri Christophe (head of the island's northern département), Jean-Jacques Dessalines (head of the western département) and Laplume (head of the southern département) to obey the squadrons' summons to a parley, to insist on a parley if none was offered, and (if a landing should occur) to threaten to destroy the towns and massacre the white inhabitants before retreating into the mountains. Villaret arrived before Cap-Haïtien on 3 February and an attack by land and sea began on 5 February. Christophe carried out his orders, setting light to the town and slitting the throats of part of the white population. On 6 February Rochambeau landed in the bay of Mancenille and captured Fort-Dauphin. Putting out the fires and putting up defensive works, Leclerc set up his main headquarters at Cap-Haïtien before sending ships towards North America to resupply. During this time Latouche-Tréville and Boudet took Port-au-Prince and Léogâne and obtained Laplume's surrender. Landing at Santo Domingo with 2,000 men, general Kerverseau took possession of a large part of the Spanish area of the island, then headed by Toussaint's brother Paul Louverture. In the first ten days the French occupied the island's ports, towns and a large part of the cultivated land. Taking refuge in the Arbonite massif, Toussaint was only left with a few brigades under generals Maurepas, Christophe and Dessalines. However, he also had a large number of white hostages. To dislodge him the French would have to overcome narrow gorges, impenetrable with thick tropical vegetation and ideal for ambushes. The squadrons under Ganteaume and Linois had arrived, however, with reinforcements and Leclerc still held his joker in the form of his own hostages, Toussaint's sons, both of whom carried a letter from Napoleon promising their father the role of Leclerc's deputy in command of the island if he surrendered. On 17 February Leclerc launched a simultaneous assault with the divisions he had formed. Rochambeau on the left set out from Fort-Dauphin towards Saint-Michel, whilst Hardy marched on Marmelade and Desfourneaux on Plaisance. At the same time general Humbert was to land at Port-de-Paix to climb up the Trois-Rivières gorge, and Boudet move up from south to north. The aim was to surprise the enemy, force him to retreat to Les Gonaïves and there encircle him. Despite the difficulties of the terrain and Maurepas's resistance, the plan worked well. On 23 February Desfourneaux's division entered Les Gonaïves, then on fire. General Boudet occupied Saint-Marc, also on fire and filled with the blood of the throats cut on the orders of Dessalines, who managed to escape the trap. Maurepas and his 2,000 troops continued to resist but finally had to surrender to Humbert. The French", "formed. Rochambeau on the left set out from Fort-Dauphin towards Saint-Michel, whilst Hardy marched on Marmelade and Desfourneaux on Plaisance. At the same time general Humbert was to land at Port-de-Paix to climb up the Trois-Rivières gorge, and Boudet move up from south to north. The aim was to surprise the enemy, force him to retreat to Les Gonaïves and there encircle him. Despite the difficulties of the terrain and Maurepas's resistance, the plan worked well. On 23 February Desfourneaux's division entered Les Gonaïves, then on fire. General Boudet occupied Saint-Marc, also on fire and filled with the blood of the throats cut on the orders of Dessalines, who managed to escape the trap. Maurepas and his 2,000 troops continued to resist but finally had to surrender to Humbert. The French forces besieging fort de la Crête-à-Pierrot were attacked in the rear by Dessalines then by Toussaint as they attempted to bring relief to the besieged, but the fort was finally forced to surrender and inside it were found large amounts of arms and munitions as well as many assassinated white residents. At Les Verrettes the French forces found a horrible spectacle. No longer able to follow the rebel forces' march, 800 men, women, children and old people had been killed, and the rebels there had also killed any prisoners they took. Running out of resources, the area controlled by the rebel forces became more and more restricted and the rebels more and more disheartened. Christophe offered to lay down his arms in exchange for being given the same lenient treatment as had been given Laplume and Maurepas and his surrender led to that of Dessalines and finally of Toussaint. Under house arrest, Toussaint was restored to his rank and properties by Leclerc. At the end of April and start of May order was re-established little by little on the island, trade resumed at the ports and the rebels (seemingly reconciled to their situation) held onto their lands and ranks. In retirement under house arrest at Ennery, Toussaint considered his revenge and saw the French forces (especially those who had only just arrived on the island) ravaged by his best ally, yellow fever, with around 15,000 dead in only two months. . Toussaint continued corresponding with his leaders, encouraging them to be ever ready, although some of them did not want to restart the war and warned Leclerc. Sensing danger, in June Leclerc called Toussaint to an interview, arrested him, put him on a ship and sent him to Europe, where he was held at the Fort de Joux. Martinique was returned to France by the Treaty of Amiens and the Law of 20 May 1802 confirmed that slavery would be continued there. News of the reestablishment of slavery on Guadeloupe reached Saint-Domingue and revolt threatened again. Leclerc judged it wisest to disarm the blacks, but this just made them more angry. At Basse-Terre on Guadeloupe yellow fever had also broken out and on 3 September Richepanse died of it, to be replaced by Boudet. Rochambeau, who hated mulattoes more than blacks, succeeded to Boudet's post on Saint-Domingue. Toussaint's old enemy and rival Rigaud was ordered to embark for the United States of America. In the south of the island, where mulattoes were most numerous, they were equally offended and allied themselves with the blacks. The wind of revolt, blowing especially through the north, was also spreading in the south. By August 1802, Leclerc's forces had begun to suffer from mass defections of black and mulatto troops. In October, the former rebel leaders Alexander Petion, Henri Christophe, Jean-Jacques Dessalines all deserted the French forces as well. The French forces, now only 8,000 to 10,000 men and only just able to serve, were overwhelmed. After the recently defected Christophe massacred several hundred Polish soldiers at Port-de-Paix, Leclerc ordered the arrest of all remaining black colonial troops in Cap-Haïtien, and executed 1000 of them by tying sacks of flour to their neck and pushing them off the side of ships. The French subsequently sent orders to arrest and imprison all the black troops in the colony still serving within the French forces. This included continually loyal officers such as Maurepas, who was drowned with his family in the harbor of Cap Haitien on Leclerc's orders in early November. Taking refuge on Tortuga, in an attempt to avoid yellow fever, Leclerc died of it on 1 November 1802. His wife Pauline Bonaparte had accompanied her husband to the island and, though she had not previously been a model of fidelity, his death threw her into despair – she cut off her hair, put it in her husband's coffin, put his heart in an urn and had the rest of his remains repatriated to France. As the oldest on the expedition Rochambeau took over from Leclerc as supreme commander and tried in vain to suppress the new revolt. Rochambeau ordered 600 pit bulls from Cuba, and forbade anyone to feed them. Pit Bulls were to live by eating only \"negro meat\" (viande des negres). That led to better revolts against the French, as a submissive slave diligently working in the fields would suddenly be devoured by dozens of hungry Pit bulls. Today, the saying \"manger la viandre des negres\" still resounds deeply in Haiti and the World. Cap-Haïtien seemed to be the last bastion of the anti-rebel forces and, when the rebels reached it, Christophe had already relieved one of the forts. Rochambeau recaptured it but at the height of the battle some 1,200 blacks being held prisoner on a ship in the bay threw its crew overboard. On 18 November 1803, near the Cap, the French were defeated at the battle of Vertières by the rebel general Jean-Jacques Dessalines and at the end of December the last French soldiers left the island. On their voyage back to France Rochambeau was captured at the Blockade of Saint-Domingue by the British and then interned in Britain for nearly nine years as a parole prisoner. Little more than 7,000 to 8,000 of the 31,000 soldiers sent to Saint-Domingue survived and over 20 French generals died. On 1 January 1804 Dessalines proclaimed the colony of Saint-Domingue to be the second independent state in the Americas, under the name of Haiti, and was first made governor general for life before (on 6 October 1804) being crowned emperor as Jacques I. He massacred the last French colonists left on Haiti at the 1804 Haiti Massacre and followed a \"caporalisme agraire\" or serfdom system that did not include slavery \"per se\" but was still aimed at maintaining sugar industry profits by force. Dessalines was assassinated on 17 October 1806 and the country split into a kingdom in the north under Christophe as Henri I and a republic in the south under Alexandre Pétion. In 1826 Charles X of France claimed a 150 million gold-francs indemnity from the young republic in return for France recognising its independence. This debt to France was reduced to 90 million in 1838 and was finally paid off by the mid-20th century. Saint-Domingue expedition The Saint-Domingue expedition was a French military expedition sent by Napoleon Bonaparte, then First Consul, under his brother-in-law Charles Victor Emmanuel Leclerc in an attempt to regain French control of the Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue on the island of Hispaniola, and curtail the measures of independence taken by the former slave Toussaint Louverture. It landed in December 1801 and, after initial success, ended in a French defeat at the battle of Vertières and the departure of French troops in December 1803." ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Clear Lake Volcanic Field The Clear Lake Volcanic Field is a volcanic field beside Clear Lake in California's northern Coast Ranges. The site of late-Pliocene to early Holocene activity, the volcanic field consists of lava domes, cinder cones, and maars with eruptive products varying from basalt to rhyolite. Cobb Mountain and Mount Konocti are the two highest peaks in the volcanic field, at and respectively. The field's magma chamber also powers a geothermal field called The Geysers, which hosts the largest complex of geothermal power plants in the world. These can generate approximately 2000 megawatts, enough to power two cities the size of San Francisco. The Clear Lake volcanics are thought to have been the heat source for the hot springs and hydrothermal activity that formed the mercury ores at the Sulphur Bank Mine, and the gold ore at the McLaughlin Mine. Clear Lake Volcanic Field The Clear Lake Volcanic Field is a volcanic field beside Clear Lake in California's northern Coast Ranges. The site of late-Pliocene to early Holocene activity, the volcanic field consists of lava domes, cinder cones, and maars with eruptive products varying from basalt to rhyolite. Cobb Mountain and Mount Konocti are the two highest peaks" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Gertruda Sekaninová-Čakrtová Gertruda Sekaninová-Čakrtová, born Stiassny (May 21, 1908 - December 29, 1986) was a Czech and Czechoslovak lawyer, politician and diplomat of Jewish origin, later also a dissident and signatory of the Charter 77. She is most renowned for being one of the four deputies of the who voted against the agreement on the temporary stay of Soviet troops in Czechoslovakia in the fall of 1968, following the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. She was born in 1908 in Budapest (then Austro-Hungarian Empire), as Gertruda Stiassny, to a wealthy Jewish family. She was the eldest of four children. Her parents, Richard and Alžběta Stiassny, moved to Hungary from Bohemia to manage family textile manufacture. Her father died when she was 12 years old. One of her brothers was Josef \"Pepek\" Stiassny (Joseph \"Joe\" Stiassny) (1916-1944), who later became known as a guardian and tutor of boys in the Theresienstadt Ghetto, where he contributed to the magazine Vedem. In 1910, the family moved back to Havlíčkův (then German) Brod, where Gertrude studied and graduated from gymnasium (1922–27). She continued her studies at the Law Faculty of Charles University in Prague. During her studies she began collaborating with leftist students and worked in various left-wing organizations (Society for the Economic and Social Rapprochement with the USSR, Kostufra, Syndicate of Working Women Intelligence etc.). In 1932, she joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. In the same year she graduated and began working as a clerk in the law office of Dr. Ivan Sekanina, whom she married in 1935. In 1938, she passed the bar exam and began practicing law. As an advocate, she took part in the international processes with representatives of the left-wing. Ivan Sekanina was known, among other things, as an advocate of Ernst Torgler and Georgi Dimitrov, accused of igniting the German Reichstag, which earned him the hatred of Nazis. On 16 March 1939, the day after Germans started the occupation of Czechoslovakia, Ivan Sekanina was arrested. He was executed in Sachsenhausen on 21 May 1940, on the day of 32nd birthday of his wife. After the arrest of her husband, she continued to practice law. She was forced to quit in 1940, due to the enhanced application of the Nuremberg Laws in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Then she worked as a nurse in children's shelters. In October 1942, she was transported to the Theresienstadt Ghetto. She worked as a governess of teenaged Geltungsjude girls. In 1944, she was deported to Auschwitz, where she was selected for forced labor in Kurzbach (a branch of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp). On 21 January 1945, the camp was evacuated due to the approaching Red Army. She left the camp in a death march heading toward the concentration camp at Bergen-Belsen. She managed to escape, along with several other prisoners. She was liberated by the U.S. Army in Regis-Breitingen after several months of hiding as forced laborer in Saxony. Most of her extended family perished during the Holocaust. After the war, she worked at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and as a permanent delegate of Czechoslovakia to the United Nations. The 8th Congress of the Communist Party selected her as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (ÚV KSČ). She worked in the Central Committee until 1949. After returning from the USA in 1949, she became the First Deputy of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Vladimír Clementis. She married a second time in 1948, this time to Kazimír Čakrt, who worked at the Ministry of Finance. They had one son, Michal Čakrt (born in 1948). Sekaninová-Čakrtová escaped the party purges, although according to historians she exactly fell into the category of hidden class enemies, classified by the Soviet advisors (she was Jewish, of bourgeois origin, well educated and had close personal connections to persons prosecuted in political processes). It is possible that friendship with many officials of the regime whom she had known from the pre-war period helped her. In 2013, it became known that at that time she had to give up the property inherited from her parents, under the threat of persecutions. In 1957, she and her husband were investigated for alleged espionage and financial fraud committed by a cousin of her husband, Jan Čakrt. These fabricated charges resulted in suicide of her husband. According to another version, Kazimír Čakrt was arrested at the request of the Finance Minister , who believed that Čakrt helped Austrian delegation during the negotiations about financial and legal settlement between Czechoslovakia and Austria after the war. After the suicide of her husband, Sekaninová-Čakrtová was removed from office and later worked at the Ministry of Education as head of the newly established legislative and administrative department. As a former concentration camp inmate, she testified in the 1963 process with a co-author of the Nuremberg Laws, Hans Globke. In the , she returned to politics as a member of the National Assembly. She supported the draft bill excluding statute of limitations for war crimes committed during the World War II. During the Prague Spring, she supported the abolition of censorship. From 1968 to 1969, she served as Vice-President of the Czechoslovak Union of Women. In April 1968, she was awarded the Order of the Republic. During 1968, Sekaninová-Čakrtová gradually started to grow disillusioned with the communist ideology and politics. After the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968, she voted as one of the four members of the National Assembly against the agreement on the temporary stay of Soviet troops in Czechoslovakia and suggested their complete withdrawal from Czechoslovak territory (the other deputies were František Kriegel, František Vodsloň and Božena Fuková). Because of these attitudes, she was, along with other rebelling members of the National Assembly, deprived of their mandate and expelled from the Communist Party. She spent the rest of her life working in dissent. She signed Charter 77, was involved in the Committee for the Defense of the Unjustly Persecuted and supported the persecuted musicians from the band The Plastic People of the Universe. For her attitude she was harassed by State Security (StB). She was labelled by the State Security as \"\"... a person with hostility directed against the Soviet Union ... she does not accept the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and with her conduct she attempts to undermine the positive results of internal and foreign policy of Czechoslovakia.\"\" Sekaninová-Čakrtová spent her later years in Polná near Jihlava. She died in 1986 in Jihlava, due to injury. Shortly before her death, the StB noted: \"\"Her attitudes towards real socialism remain hostile ...\".\" Gertruda Sekaninová-Čakrtová Gertruda Sekaninová-Čakrtová, born Stiassny (May 21, 1908 - December 29, 1986) was a Czech and Czechoslovak lawyer, politician and diplomat of Jewish origin, later also a dissident and signatory of the Charter 77. She is most renowned for being one of the four deputies of the who voted against the agreement on the temporary stay of Soviet troops in Czechoslovakia in the fall of 1968, following the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. She was born in 1908 in Budapest (then Austro-Hungarian Empire), as Gertruda Stiassny, to a wealthy Jewish family. She was the eldest of four children. Her" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "JŽ series 461 The JŽ series 461 is a six-axle electric locomotive built for Yugoslav Railways in Romania. Today there are known as ŽS series 461 in Serbia, ŽCG series 461 in Montenegro and MŽ series 461 with Macedonian railways. This series is originally based on a locomotive type built the Swedish company ASEA, later made with licence by the Electroputere Craiova works for the Romanian Railways starting in 1965, called the EA series, with a similar design made for the Norwegian Railways, the El 15. The 103 electric locomotives have been produced by Electroputere from Craiova in two subseries for Yugoslav Railway. First subseries, JŽ 461-0 consisted from 45 locomotives build from 1971 to 1973. Second subseries, JŽ 461-1 was built from 1978 until 1980 and it consisted from 58 locomotives. Romania delivered to Yugoslavia a number of 103 Co'Co locomotives of the 461 JŽ series. These locomotives were made in exchange to a number of JŽ series 441 based units, made by RK Zagreb and MIN Niš for the CFR, delivered between 1973 and 1984 and known as the EC series in the CFR classification. After dissolution of Yugoslavia, 461 class have remain in service with railways of Serbia, Montenegro and Republic of Macedonia. Today there are 46 locomotives operated by Serbian Railways. Most Serbian locomotives were passed to the cargo division in 2015, with 5 units retained for passenger trains on the Belgrade-Bar line. Railway transport of Montenegro operates 10 and Montecargo 8 locomotives of class 461, being only electric locomotive operated in Montenegro. This series is mainly used on Belgrade–Bar railway by both Serbian and Montenegrin railways. Six locomotives of 461 series are operated by Macedonian Railways, with two of them modernised and thyristorized to series 462. This locomotive utilises 25 kV/50 Hz AC. Originally 461 series locomotives were painted in grey livery with blue base and line, at the time the standard livery for EA series electrics in Romania. Overhauled Montenegrin locomotives are painted in red and yellow with white stripes, with \"Željeznice Crne Gore A.D.\" inscription in it, and, the non- overhauled ones are painted in red and blue, with white stripes. All refurbished class 461 locomotives of Serbian Railways have red and greyish-blue livery which is the same as for other electric locomotives operated - 441 and 444 series. JŽ series 461 The JŽ series 461 is a six-axle electric locomotive built for" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Battle of Constantinople (1147) The Battle of Constantinople in 1147 was a large-scale clash between the forces of the Byzantine Empire and the German crusaders of the Second Crusade, led by Conrad III of Germany, fought on the outskirts of the Byzantine capital, Constantinople. The Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos was deeply concerned by the presence of a large and unruly army in the immediate vicinity of his capital and of the unfriendly attitude of its leaders. A similarly sized French crusader army was also approaching Constantinople, and the possibility of the two armies combining at the city was viewed with great alarm by Manuel. Following earlier armed clashes with the crusaders, and perceived insults from Conrad, Manuel arrayed some of his forces outside the walls of Constantinople. A part of the German army then attacked and was heavily defeated. Following this defeat the crusaders agreed to be quickly ferried across the Bosporus to Asia Minor. Though limited in its strategic importance, the battle is significant in being a rare instance where Byzantine tactical dispositions are described in detail in the primary sources of the period. The Second Crusade (1145–1149) was instigated by Pope Eugenius III in response to the fall of the County of Edessa to the forces of the Muslim leader Zengi. The county had been founded during the First Crusade. This crusade was the first to be led by kings, namely Conrad III of Germany and Louis VII of France. The armies of the two kings marched separately across Europe. After crossing into Byzantine territory in the Balkans, both armies made their way towards the Byzantine capital, Constantinople. The crusader armies intended to then take the overland route across Asia Minor to reach the Holy Land. Conrad had insulted Manuel by calling him \"King of the Greeks\" rather than his formal title of \"Emperor of the Romans\", and the imperial pretensions of the Germans made them far more suspect in Byzantine eyes than were the French. Following oaths taken by the German leaders that they intended no injury to the Byzantine Empire, Manuel made preparations for markets to be made available as the crusader army crossed imperial territory. A Byzantine force under the experienced general Prosouch (Borsuq), who was of Turkish origin, shadowed the Germans. A minor clash between the Byzantine force and the crusaders occurred near Adrianople, with the Byzantines repulsing an attack by Conrad's nephew, the future emperor Frederick Barbarossa. The crusaders also suffered a natural disaster, when part of their encampment was swept away by a flash flood with considerable loss of life. Manuel wished to induce the crusaders to cross to Asia Minor by the Hellespont, keeping them away from Constantinople. However, they ignored the advice of Manuel's ambassador and pushed towards Constantinople, arriving on 10 September. Manuel had extensively repaired and strengthened the walls of his capital as a safeguard against any crusader aggression. The Germans encamped around the suburban palace of Philopatium, but so pillaged it that it became quickly uninhabitable. They then moved to another suburban palace, Pikridion. The crusader force, which may have been suffering from a lack of food, made depredations on, and acts of violence against, the local population. Manuel was determined to get the Germans across the Bosporus as quickly as possible and mobilised part of his military forces to induce them to move. The Byzantine force was placed under the command of two generals, Prosouch and Basil Tzikandyles. They were instructed to make a stand confronting the Germans, and by their presence provoke an attack. The Byzantine army was smaller than that of the crusaders but, as the contemporary Byzantine historian John Kinnamos states, \"it was equally superior in military science and perseverance in battle\". Prosouch and Tzikandyles had earlier been sent to observe the German army at a place called Longoi. They had reported to Emperor Manuel that, although the Germans were individually impressive and well armoured, their cavalry was not swift and they lacked discipline. The array of the Byzantine army, unusually, is described in some detail by Kinnamos. To the fore, \"far forward\", were four units (\"taxiarchiai\") of the \"most unwarlike, common part of the army\"; Kinnamos' wording indicates that these were infantry. Behind these were drawn up the heaviest and most well-armoured cavalry, the \"kataphraktoi\", the elite of the army. Next were \"those who rode swift horses\", the \"koursores\", a more mobile form of close-combat cavalry. Finally, in the rear were the Cumans, Seljuk Turks and the \"Romans' archer force\", all presumably horse archers. This formation is unusual for a pitched battle, and is essentially the reverse of standard Byzantine practice, as exemplified by the Battle of Sirmium in 1167. At Sirmium the horse archers were thrown forward to skirmish with and provoke the enemy, the \"koursores\" were placed as flank guards, the \"kataphraktoi\" were at the front of the main body of the army whilst the infantry were held in reserve in the rear. The Byzantinist John Birkenmeier argues that this array was dictated by the particular circumstances of the battle; the Byzantines knew the ground intimately as it was just beyond the walls of Constantinople, and were aware of the German dispositions, so that they did not need to use their horse archers as a scouting or screening force. Indeed, the Byzantine array was more like that used by Alexios I Komnenos at the Battle of Philomelion in 1117, where the infantry were used to blunt enemy attacks allowing the cavalry to make controlled counter-attacks from behind the infantry's protective screen. In addition the lighter-armed troops, by being placed in the rear, could both cover a retreat or exploit a victory, depending on circumstances. According to Kinnamos, that part of the crusading army confronted by the Byzantines was \"seized by a great eagerness and disorder\" and attacked \"at a run\". A fierce battle developed; in response to the reckless attack of the Germans, the Byzantines \"scientifically resisted and slew them\". A contemporary encomium (collection of praise poems) addressed to Manuel I describes the Cuman horse archers as playing a notable part in the fighting. The Germans suffered heavy casualties. It is clear that not all of the German crusading army was involved in the conflict; Conrad was with another, possibly larger, section of the army. He appears to have been at a considerable distance from the scene of the action as he did not learn of the reverse that his troops had suffered for some time. The show of military force on the part of the Byzantines persuaded Conrad to accede to Manuel's wishes and have the bulk of his army speedily ferried across the Bosporos to Damalis. Manuel's gravest concern, the threat that the German and French crusader armies might combine immediately outside his capital, had been averted. With the Germans safely on the Asian shore he opened negotiations with Conrad once again. Manuel wanted assurances that the Germans would restore to him any land they might conquer that had once been Byzantine, but Conrad was reluctant to agree to this. Manuel offered Conrad an alliance, but was rejected. The German crusaders then, without active Byzantine guidance (the crusaders later alleged that their local guides were in league with the Seljuk Turks) or adequate supplies, pushed into the interior of Anatolia. At Dorylaeum, they were met by the forces of the Seljuk sultan and, as they were half-starving, were forced to retreat. The Turks punitively harassed the retreating crusaders and the retreat became a rout. Meeting up with the French army at Nicaea, the combined crusader force then took the coastal route towards Attaleia. Though within nominal Byzantine territory, the crusaders continued to be attacked by the Turks who were allegedly aided by the local Greek population.", "been Byzantine, but Conrad was reluctant to agree to this. Manuel offered Conrad an alliance, but was rejected. The German crusaders then, without active Byzantine guidance (the crusaders later alleged that their local guides were in league with the Seljuk Turks) or adequate supplies, pushed into the interior of Anatolia. At Dorylaeum, they were met by the forces of the Seljuk sultan and, as they were half-starving, were forced to retreat. The Turks punitively harassed the retreating crusaders and the retreat became a rout. Meeting up with the French army at Nicaea, the combined crusader force then took the coastal route towards Attaleia. Though within nominal Byzantine territory, the crusaders continued to be attacked by the Turks who were allegedly aided by the local Greek population. Though the bulk of his army marched to Attaleia, Conrad took ship with his entourage at Ephesus and sailed back to Constantinople. Manuel received him magnificently and personally gave him medical attention when he fell ill. The rapprochement between the two sovereigns was sealed with the negotiation of a dynastic marriage. Manuel undertook to ship Conrad's now diminished force to Palestine, where the forces of the Second Crusade ultimately met with failure when defeated outside the walls of Damascus. Battle of Constantinople (1147) The Battle of Constantinople in 1147 was a large-scale clash between the forces of the Byzantine Empire and the German crusaders of the Second Crusade, led by Conrad" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Hancock County, Maine Hancock County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2010 census, the population was 54,418. Its county seat is Ellsworth. The county was incorporated on June 25, 1789 and named for John Hancock, the first governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Commissioners are Antonio Blasi, Steven Joy and Percy Brown. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (32%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 51,791 people, 21,864 households, and 14,233 families residing in the county. The population density was 33 people per square mile (13/km²). There were 33,945 housing units at an average density of 21 per square mile (8/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 97.61% White, 0.25% Black or African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 1.15% from two or more races. 0.65% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The largest ancestry groups in Hancock County, Maine according to the 2000 census are: 96.8% spoke English, 1.5% French and 1.0% Spanish as their first language. There were 21,864 households out of which 28.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.50% were married couples living together, 8.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.90% were non-families. 27.90% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.81. In the county, the population was spread out with 22.30% under the age of 18, 7.40% from 18 to 24, 27.50% from 25 to 44, 26.80% from 45 to 64, and 16.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 95.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.10 males. The median income for a household in the county was $35,811, and the median income for a family was $43,216. Males had a median income of $30,461 versus $22,647 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,809. About 7.00% of families and 10.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.90% of those under age 18 and 9.50% of those age 65 or over. The 1990 Census counted 46,948, though the 1998 population estimate is 49,932.1 The gender division was 22,996 males, 23,952 females in 1989. Ninety-nine percent of the population was white (46,446), 121 American Indians, 249 Asians, 79 Blacks and 52 \"other\" Sixty-six percent of the population of Hancock County are Mainers by birth, three percent were born outside the US. Of the 31,475 persons over 25 years old, 83% (26,214) had a high school degree or higher. Twenty-one percent had a bachelor's degree or higher. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 54,418 people, 24,221 households, and 14,834 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 40,184 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 96.9% white, 0.8% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 0.4% black or African American, 0.3% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.1% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 24.0% were English, 19.8% were American, 15.2% were Irish, 9.0% were German, and 7.2% were Scottish. Of the 24,221 households, 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 38.8% were non-families, and 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.71. The median age was 46.3 years. The median income for a household in the county was $47,533 and the median income for a family was $60,092. Males had a median income of $41,046 versus $32,444 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,876. About 6.8% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.2% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over. Of employed persons 16 years and over in 1990, 1,108 indicated involvement in the \"agriculture, forestry and fisheries\" industry, though 1,206 indicated \"farming, forestry and fishing occupations.\" The U.S. Census data are not dependable for determining the numbers of individuals involved in the fishing industry. Only firms with 10 or more employees must report their numbers, as well as firms paying workmen's compensation insurance. Because the majority of fishermen in Maine are considered self-employed, the statistics underreport fishing employment. Cranberry Isles, Deer Isle, Frenchboro, Gouldsboro, Southwest Harbor, Stonington, Swans Island and Tremont (Bass Harbor) were identified by a key respondent as fisheries dependent. Bar Harbor, Brooklin, Brooksville, Hancock, Lamoine, Mount Desert, Penobscot, Sedgwick, Sorrento and Sullivan were also noted as having either significant fishing activity or a significant number of people who fish. Winter Harbor's fishing activities were once dwarfed by the economic activity associated with a naval base, but now that the naval base has closed, fishing activity will most likely be the dominant economic activity in the community. Salmon farming is also popular in the area and Maine Salmon is an important export. Hancock County has the longest coastline of any Maine county. Commercial fishing and tourism are the county's most important industries. Hancock County is home to Acadia National Park (the only national park in Maine or the New England region, excluding the national sea shore on Cape Cod) and Cadillac Mountain (the highest point in Maine's coastal region). Jackson Laboratory, noted for cancer research, is located in Bar Harbor. Two institutions of higher education are located in Hancock County: Maine Maritime Academy at Castine and the College of the Atlantic at Bar Harbor. Hancock County, Maine Hancock County is" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Home Equity Theft Prevention Act The Home Equity Theft Prevention Act (\"HETPA\", NY RPL §265-a) is a New York State law passed on July 26, 2006, to provide homeowners of residential property with information and disclosures in order to make informed decisions when approached by persons seeking a sale or transfer of the homeowner's property, particularly when homeowners are in default on their mortgage payments or the property is in foreclosure. A contract is covered if it is either (i) currently in foreclosure or on a tax lien sale list; or (ii) the owner is in default (behind on mortgage payments by 2+ months) and the sale involves a reconveyance agreement. A reconveyance arrangement has two elements: (i) A sale, mortgage, lien, encumbrance or any other method which allows an \"equity purchaser\" to obtain legal or equitable title to all or part of the property; and (ii) Some agreement or promise to the \"equity seller\" that he/she can regain ownership of the property (e.g., the purchase agreement, option to purchase, lease, etc.) There are some key requirements for a valid reconveyance agreement. The equity purchaser needs the equity seller's permission to resell the property to anyone else for so long as the equity seller has a right to buy the property back. Either (i) title to the property must eventually be reconveyed to the equity seller; or (ii) the equity purchaser must have paid seller at least 82% of the fair market value of the property within 120 days of the eviction or voluntary relinquishment by the equity seller. The equity purchaser must confirm that the equity seller has the \"reasonable ability\" to buy back the property and the deed must recite that the property is subject to reconveyance and the terms of the reconveyance arrangement. Once a contract is determined to be covered by the Act, there are some strict contractual requirements that must be met: The contract must contain the entire agreement between the parties and must meet the following format requirements: Contract must be fully completed (i.e., no blank spaces); Font size equal to at least 12-point bold type; In English or in both English or Spanish if Spanish is the primary language of the equity seller; Name, address and phone number of the buyer; Address of the subject property; Consideration to be paid; List of all services that buyer has promised; Terms for payment of the consideration; Time at which possession of the property must be surrendered; Terms of any rental or lease agreement; Terms of any reconveyance agreement; Notice of right to cancellation in the immediate proximity of signature line and font in at least 14-point bold type (form in HEPTA); and Notice of cancellation form to be attached to the contract (form in HEPTA) Any provision which purports to limit the liability of the equity purchaser shall be null and void. Inclusion of such a provision shall, at the option of the equity seller, render the covered contract void. Any provision which purports to require arbitration shall be void at the option of the equity seller. Any waiver of any or all HEPTA shall be void and unenforceable as contrary to the public policy. The Act also gives the equity seller a five-day right to cancel the contract; a \"cooling off\" period. Once an equity seller cancels the contract by sending the cancellation form or otherwise indicating such an intention, the equity purchaser must return all original contracts and other documents signed by the equity seller within 10 days, as well as any fee or other consideration received by the equity purchaser from the equity seller. Cancellation of the contract releases the equity seller of all obligations to pay fees to the equity purchaser. Before midnight on the 5th business day after the contract is executed, the equity purchaser cannot: Accept a deed; Record any document with the county clerk; Transfer any interest in the residence; Pay the equity seller any consideration; Suggest that the equity seller waive his/her right to cancel or rescind. The equity purchaser is prohibited from representing (directly or indirectly) that: Equity purchaser is an advisor or acting on behalf of the equity seller; Equity purchaser has certification that buyer actually does not have or that buyer is not a member of a licensed profession when he actually is a member of that profession; Equity purchaser is helping the equity seller \"save\" the residence, unless equity purchaser has a good faith basis for such representation; or Equity purchaser is helping the equity seller in preventing a foreclosure unless the equity purchaser has a good faith basis for such representation An equity purchaser shall make no false or misleading statement regarding: The value of the property; The amount of proceeds the equity seller will receive after a foreclosure sale; The timing of the judicial foreclosure process; Any contract term The equity seller's rights and obligations; The nature of any document which the equity purchaser induces the equity seller to sign; Any other false or misleading statement concerning the sale of the property or concerning a reconveyance arrangement The equity purchaser is prohibited from making any contract that takes unconscionable advantage of the equitable seller. 2-Year Right of Rescission - Generally, a violation of the contractual requirements or any of the prohibited acts in Subdivision 7 makes the conveyance voidable and may be rescinded within 2 years of the date the deed was recorded. The statute then gives the equity purchaser (or its successor) twenty days to reconvey the property on the condition of repayment of any consideration paid to the equity seller. HEPTA does not affect the rights of a bona-fide purchaser or encumbrancer for value if their conveyance occurred before the recording of the notice of rescission. 6-Year Statute of Limitations - Within 6 years, an equity seller may bring an action for the recovery of damages or equitable relief against an equity purchaser for a violation of HEPTA. A court may award actual damages plus reasonable attorneys' fees and costs. The court is also authorized to award equitable relief of up to 3 times the actual damages. There are also criminal penalties for violation of prohibited behavior listed in Subdivision 7: Violation \"with intent to defraud\" = class E felony, subject to imprisonment and a fine of not more than $25,000. \"Knowingly violates\" = Class A misdemeanor, subject to a fine of not more than $25,000 and imprisonment in accordance with the penal law, or both. A mortgage broker or bank making a loan with knowledge that the equity purchaser is not complying with HEPTA is subject to penalties under Banking Law §595-a. These criminal penalties are in addition to the risk that the equity seller will rescind and thereby jeopardize the encumbrancer's interest in the property. Those who acquire title as follows are excluded from HETPA: (i) To use, and then actually uses, the property as his/her primary residence; (ii) By a deed from a referee in a foreclosure sale; (iii) At any sale of property authorized by statute; (iv) By order or judgment of any court; (v) From a spouse, or from a parent, grandparent, child, grandchild or sibling of such person or such person's spouse; (vi) As a not-for-profit housing organization or as a public housing agency; or What is a Bona Fide Purchaser? One who (i) acts in good faith; (ii) purchases for valuable consideration or provide a mortgage; (iii) has no notice of the equity seller's continuing right to, or equity in, the property prior to the acquisition of title or encumbrance; (iv) has no notice of any violation of HETPA by the equity purchaser as related to the property. Generally, this is one who either purchases from or provides a loan to the equity purchaser. An equity purchaser has a defense to a violation of Subdivision 7 if he/she (i) acted in good faith; (ii) proves that the violation was not intentional (iii) proves that the", "grandparent, child, grandchild or sibling of such person or such person's spouse; (vi) As a not-for-profit housing organization or as a public housing agency; or What is a Bona Fide Purchaser? One who (i) acts in good faith; (ii) purchases for valuable consideration or provide a mortgage; (iii) has no notice of the equity seller's continuing right to, or equity in, the property prior to the acquisition of title or encumbrance; (iv) has no notice of any violation of HETPA by the equity purchaser as related to the property. Generally, this is one who either purchases from or provides a loan to the equity purchaser. An equity purchaser has a defense to a violation of Subdivision 7 if he/she (i) acted in good faith; (ii) proves that the violation was not intentional (iii) proves that the violation resulted from a bona fide error despite procedures adapted to avoid such errors; (iv) notifies the equity seller within ninety days of the contract date of the compliance failure; Makes appropriate restitution within ninety days of the contract date. Examples of bona fide errors include clerical, calculation, computer malfunction and programming, and printing errors. An error of legal judgment is NOT a bona fide error, nor is a failure to provide notices or other material information. There is some confusion as to whether HEPTA applies to deeds in lieu of foreclosure since there is no clear exclusion as there is for referee deeds, for example. The 2-year right of rescission is not a risk that banks or title insurers are comfortable with, especially given the complexities of compliance, so many banks and title insurers are not willing to work with deeds in lieu. Home Equity Theft Prevention Act The Home Equity Theft Prevention Act (\"HETPA\", NY RPL §265-a) is a New York State law passed on July 26, 2006, to provide homeowners of residential property with" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "The Grind (2012 film) The Grind is a 2012 crime drama film written and directed by Rishi Opel, and starring Jamie Foreman, Freddie Connor, Gordon Alexander, Zoe Tapper, Danny John-Jules and Kellie Shirley. It is a re imaging of the film Baseline. The film tells the story of Vince, a nightclub manager of The Grind in Hackney, East London. Vince, having fought his way to a decent living and respectable lifestyle, is determined to settle down and take life easier. Bobby, Vince's best friend from school, is released from prison and their friendship soon falls apart. Bobby's addiction to cocaine and gambling spirals out of control and he now owes a huge amount of money to Vince's boss, Dave, owner of The Grind and an East End loan shark. Vince's life takes a dramatic turn for the worse. \"The Grind\" features a cast including Jamie Foreman (Layer Cake, Nil By Mouth, Oliver Twist, Doctor Who, Eastenders), Danny John-Jules (Death in Paradise, Red Dwarf, Lock Stock and Two Smoking Barrels), Zoe Tapper (Survivors, Desperate Romantics) and Kellie Shirley (Eastenders, The Office). Also appearing in cameo roles are Dynamo (the street magician whose latest series ‘Dynamo: Magician Impossible’ on Watch has been a huge success) and Sway (MOBO award-winning British grime artist). The Grind (2012 film) The Grind is a 2012 crime drama film written and directed by Rishi Opel, and starring Jamie Foreman, Freddie Connor, Gordon Alexander, Zoe Tapper, Danny John-Jules and Kellie Shirley. It is a re imaging of the film Baseline. The film tells the story of Vince, a nightclub manager of The Grind in Hackney, East London. Vince, having fought his way to a decent living and respectable lifestyle, is determined to settle down and take life easier. Bobby, Vince's best friend from school, is released from prison" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Szilassi polyhedron The Szilassi polyhedron is a nonconvex polyhedron, topologically a torus, with seven hexagonal faces. Each face of this polyhedron shares an edge with each other face. As a result, it requires seven colours to colour all adjacent faces, providing the lower bound for the seven colour theorem. It has an axis of 180-degree symmetry; three pairs of faces are congruent leaving one unpaired hexagon that has the same rotational symmetry as the polyhedron. The 14 vertices and 21 edges of the Szilassi polyhedron form an embedding of the Heawood graph onto the surface of a torus. The tetrahedron and the Szilassi polyhedron are the only two known polyhedra in which each face shares an edge with each other face. If a polyhedron with \"f\" faces is embedded onto a surface with \"h\" holes, in such a way that each face shares an edge with each other face, it follows by some manipulation of the Euler characteristic that This equation is satisfied for the tetrahedron with \"h\" = 0 and \"f\" = 4, and for the Szilassi polyhedron with \"h\" = 1 and \"f\" = 7. The next possible solution, \"h\" = 6 and \"f\" = 12, would correspond to a polyhedron with 44 vertices and 66 edges. However, it is not known whether such a polyhedron can be realized geometrically (rather than as an abstract polytope). More generally this equation can be satisfied precisely when \"f\" is congruent to 0, 3, 4, or 7 modulo 12. The Szilassi polyhedron is named after Hungarian mathematician Lajos Szilassi, who discovered it in 1977. The dual to the Szilassi polyhedron, the Császár polyhedron, was discovered earlier by ; it has seven vertices, 21 edges connecting every pair of vertices, and 14 triangular faces. Like the Szilassi polyhedron, the Császár polyhedron has the topology of a torus. Szilassi polyhedron The Szilassi polyhedron is a nonconvex polyhedron, topologically a torus, with seven hexagonal faces. Each face of this polyhedron shares an edge with each other face. As a result, it requires seven colours to colour all adjacent faces, providing the lower bound for the seven colour theorem. It has an axis of 180-degree symmetry; three pairs of faces are congruent leaving one unpaired hexagon that has the same rotational symmetry as the polyhedron. The 14 vertices and 21 edges of the Szilassi polyhedron form an embedding of the Heawood graph onto the surface" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "WR 102ea WR 102ea is a Wolf–Rayet star in the Sagittarius constellation. It is the second most luminous star in the Quintuplet cluster after WR 102hb. With a luminosity of 2,500,000 times solar, it is also one of the most luminous stars known. Despite the high luminosity it can only be observed at infra-red wavelengths due to the dimming effect of intervening dust on visual light. It is an evolved massive star which has an emission line spectrum from a strong stellar wind caused by high luminosity and the presence of elements heavier than hydrogen in the photosphere. The spectrum is dominated by ionised helium and nitrogen lines due to convectional and rotational mixing of fusion products to the surface of the star. However it is still in a core hydrogen burning phase and hydrogen lines are also visible in the spectrum, in contrast to WN stars without hydrogen which are older, less massive, and less luminous. Despite being a relatively unevolved star, WR 102ea has lost over half its mass already. WR 102ea WR 102ea is a Wolf–Rayet star in the Sagittarius constellation. It is the second most luminous star in the Quintuplet cluster after WR 102hb. With a" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Eldon Quick Eldon Quick (born April 4, 1937 in San Joaquin County, California) is an American character actor. He is an alumnus of the American Shakespeare Festival and has numerous stage, screen, and television roles to his credit. Quick's best-remembered television character is the bureaucratic Captain Sloan from two early episodes of \"M*A*S*H\" (\"Payday\" and \"The Incubator\"), which he reprised as Captain Pratt in \"The Late Captain Pierce\". Quick also played scheming magazine editor Rob Roy Fingerhead in an episode of \"The Monkees\", and the villain Chronos in the final episode of \"Buck Rogers in the 25th Century\". He appeared in a \"Bewitched\" episode, \"Samantha's Secret Saucer\", as Captain Tugwell. Quick's movie roles include Charlie Hawthorne in \"In the Heat of the Night\", William Harper Littlejohn in \"\", and Reverend Lowell in \"The Big Bet\". Eldon Quick Eldon Quick (born April 4, 1937 in San Joaquin County, California) is an American character actor. He is an alumnus of the American Shakespeare Festival and has numerous stage, screen, and television roles to his credit. Quick's best-remembered television character is the bureaucratic Captain Sloan from two early episodes of \"M*A*S*H\" (\"Payday\" and \"The Incubator\"), which he reprised as Captain Pratt in \"The" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "National Theatre of Brent The National Theatre of Brent is a British comedy double act, in the form of a mock two-man theatre troupe. Patrick Barlow plays Desmond Olivier Dingle, the troupe's founder, Artistic Director and Chief Executive. The role of his assistant (or as Desmond likes to call him, \"my entire company\") was first performed by Julian Hough. It has subsequently been taken by various actors, including Jim Broadbent (as Wallace), Robert Austin (as Bernard), and John Ramm (as Raymond Box). Their 1998 production \"Love Upon the Throne\" (featuring Barlow as Prince Charles and Ramm as Diana, Princess of Wales) was nominated for a Laurence Olivier Theatre Award for Best Comedy. Barlow has written a number of books under the banner of The National Theatre of Brent, two of which, \"Shakespeare: The Truth!\" and \"All the World's a Globe: From Lemur to Cosmonaut\", have been adapted for radio. Their radio production in 2007 was \"The Arts and How They Was Done\", for BBC Radio 4, starring Barlow and Ramm, with Harriet Walter as guest star. In September 2011 the National Theatre of Brent produced \"Giant Ladies That Changed The World\", the story of the Suffragettes, as five 15-minute episodes broadcast as the \"15 Minute Drama\" following \"Woman's Hour\" on Radio 4. 'The Pioneering Days': 'The Days of Glory': 'The New Millennium': National Theatre of Brent The National Theatre of Brent is a British comedy double act, in the form of a mock two-man theatre troupe. Patrick Barlow plays Desmond Olivier Dingle, the troupe's founder, Artistic Director and Chief Executive. The role of his assistant (or as Desmond likes to call him, \"my entire company\") was first performed by Julian Hough. It has subsequently been taken by various actors, including Jim Broadbent (as Wallace), Robert Austin (as Bernard), and John" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Results breakdown of the 2010 United Kingdom general election This is the results breakdown of the United Kingdom general election, 2010. The election was marked by no uniform national swing, with suburban and rural constituencies showing large swings from Labour to the Conservatives, but urban seats showing much smaller swings. Scotland recorded a small swing back to Labour. The following table is a complete list of seats changing hands as a result of the election based on the notional results of the 2005 election, notwithstanding the results of by-elections to the 54th Parliament. The Conservatives gained more seats than at any other general election since their landslide result in 1931. Labour lost a total of 94 seats, the second most seats it had lost in a single election. Of the 533 seats in England, only 532 were contested on the day of the general election. Polling in Thirsk and Malton was delayed until 27 May due to the death of the UKIP candidate. The Conservatives won an absolute majority of seats in England with 61 seats more than all other parties combined, and securing an average swing of 5.6% from Labour. Geographical representations of seats coloured by winning party can be misleading to the eye. Boundaries are drawn by number of electors not geography. This results in rural seats having a large area due to lower population density, while urban seats, with a high density of voters, are geographically quite small. A pure geographical representation of seats coloured by party can make parties with rural seats seem far more popular than urban ones. To counter this bias, the BBC published a map where each seat was an equal size hexagon. Details of results are given below: There were 40 seats contested in Wales. The number of Conservative seats rose from three to eight – the party gained one seat from the Liberal Democrats and four from Labour. Welsh nationalist party Plaid Cymru retained three MPs, including Arfon which the boundary changes had notionally given to Labour. Overall, Labour lost four seats but held on to its remaining 26. There were 59 seats contested in Scotland. Every constituency in Scotland was won by the party that had won it at the 2005 election, with Labour regaining the two seats they lost in by-elections since 2005. There was a swing to Labour from the Conservatives of 0.8% (with Labour increasing its share of the vote by 2.5% and the Conservatives increasing by just 0.9%), this left the Conservatives with just a single MP representing a Scottish constituency. For Scottish results in full, see 2010 United Kingdom general election results in Scotland There were 18 seats contested in Northern Ireland. Both Irish nationalist parties, Sinn Féin and SDLP, held their seats. The unionist parties, DUP and UUP (the latter contested the election as UCUNF—an electoral pact with the Conservatives), lost one seat each. The DUP lost Belfast East to the Alliance and in North Down the UUP's Sylvia Hermon left the party over the alliance with the Conservatives and retained her seat as an independent. This left the nationalist parties with eight seats, the unionist parties with eight seats (all DUP), the Alliance with one seat and an independent with one seat. It is the first time since the Partition of Ireland that unionist parties failed to secure a majority of Northern Ireland's Westminster seats in a general election. It was also the first time since Partition that a Nationalist party, Sinn Féin, topped the popular vote at a Westminster election, though winning three fewer seats than the DUP. Sinn Féin, as an Irish republican party, refuse to take their seats at Westminster (see abstentionism). This leaves 645 MPs to take their seats at Westminster (after the Thirsk and Malton poll), reducing the effective threshold for a parliamentary majority from 326 to 323. Results breakdown of the 2010 United Kingdom general election This is the results breakdown of the United Kingdom general election, 2010. The election was marked by no uniform national swing, with suburban and rural constituencies showing large swings from Labour to the Conservatives, but urban seats showing much smaller swings. Scotland recorded a small swing back to Labour. The following" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Zardulu Zardulu the Mythmaker is a performance artist based in New York City. Her real identity is shrouded in mystery, but she rose to prominence after several of her performance pieces went viral as hoax videos in 2015 and 2016. These videos included \"Selfie Rat\", \"Three Eyed Fish\", and others. The \"New York Times\" published an article discussing Zardulu's process and the nature of the videos themselves. Additionally, the \"Huffington Post\" ran an investigative article discussing the possibility that Zardulu herself might well be a hoax invented by one of the \"actors\" in her videos. In Fall 2018, TRANSFER, a New York gallery, will host an exhibition of the artist's work at 321 Canal Street in collaboration with Wallplay and Vibes Studios' ON CANAL project. Zardulu Zardulu the Mythmaker is a performance artist based in New York City. Her real identity is shrouded in mystery, but she rose to prominence after several of her performance pieces went viral as hoax videos in 2015 and 2016. These videos included \"Selfie Rat\", \"Three Eyed Fish\", and others. The \"New York Times\" published an article discussing Zardulu's process and the nature of the videos themselves. Additionally, the \"Huffington Post\" ran an investigative article" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Flora and fauna of the Outer Hebrides The flora and fauna of the Outer Hebrides in north west Scotland comprises a unique and diverse ecosystem. A long archipelago, set on the eastern shores of the Atlantic Ocean, it attracts a wide variety of seabirds, and thanks to the Gulf Stream a climate more mild than might be expected at this latitude. Because it is on the Gulf Stream, it also occasionally gets exotic visitors. Three hundred and twenty seven species of birds have been recorded in the Western Isles and more than 100 breed. The Islands provide a natural flyway for migrating landbirds to and from their Arctic breeding grounds and a refuge for windblown vagrants from America and northern Europe. Many species of bird breed in the Western Isles and the surrounding islands, including, most of Britain's corncrakes which breed on the croftlands of all the islands.<ref name=\"http://www.cne-siar.gov.uk/factfile/environment/wildlife.htm\">Local Authority Web Site </ref> Many species of seabirds inhabit the coastal areas of the islands, such as shag, gannets, fulmars, kittiwakes, guillemots and the ubiquitous seagulls. In the Uig hills in Lewis, it is possible to spot golden eagles; it has also been claimed that white-tailed eagles have been seen in the area.<ref name = \"http://www.isle-of-lewis.com/\">Isle-of-Lewis.com</ref> In the Pairc area, it is possible to see feeding oyster catchers and curlews. A few pairs of peregrine falcons survive on coastal cliffs and merlin and buzzard are not uncommon anywhere on hill and moor. red-throated divers nest on countless small tarns and a very few black-throated divers on bigger lochs. Arctic skuas are spreading south from Lewis as far as South Uist but the great skua is still found breeding only in Lewis, St Kilda, North Rona, the Shiant Isles and Barra Head. An important feature of the winter bird life is the great diversity of wildfowl. A variety of duck, such as eider and long-tailed are found in the shallow water around Lewis. Great Bernera hosts numerous sea bird species, including gulls, waders and ducks such as goldeneye. More unusually, a jack snipe was observed on the island in 2007. The Shiant Isles have a large population of seabirds, including tens of thousands Atlantic puffins breeding in burrows on the slopes of Garbh Eilean, as well as significant numbers of common guillemots, razorbills, northern fulmars, black-legged kittiwakes, common shags, gulls and great skuas. Although St Kilda has more puffins, the sheer density on the Shiants is greater. The crofting practises on Berneray encourage a wide array of birdlife. On early summer evenings you can sometimes hear snipe drumming, and even the rasp of a corncrake. Mute swans can be seen on Loch Brusda, and greylag geese are common. In the winter they are joined by barnacle, and a few brent geese. Ravens and buzzards are often to be seen. Golden eagles and hen harriers are rarer sights, usually in the winter. Wading birds on the shore include redshanks, sanderlings, turnstones, oyster catchers, dunlin, curlews, whimbrels, ringed plovers and herons. Further out, around the shores of Berneray, are mallards, eiders, red-breasted mergansers, and, more rarely, black-throated and great northern divers. Shags and cormorants fish in the seas around Berneray throughout the year, and in summer you can see gannets diving. St Kilda is a breeding ground for many important seabird species. The world's largest colony of northern gannets, totalling 30,000 pairs, amount to 24 percent of the global population. There are 49,000 breeding pairs of Leach's petrels, up to 90 percent of the European population; 136,000 pairs of Atlantic puffins, about 30 percent of the UK total breeding population, and 67,000 northern fulmar pairs, about 13 percent of the UK total. Dùn is home to the largest colony of fulmars in the UK. Prior to 1828, St Kilda was their only UK breeding ground, but they have since spread and established colonies elsewhere, such as Fowlsheugh. The last great auk (\"Pinguinus impennis\") seen in Britain was killed on Stac an Armin in July 1840. Unusual behaviour by St Kilda's bonxies was recorded in 2007 during research into recent falls in the Leach's petrel population. Using night vision gear, ecologists observed the skuas hunting petrels at night, a remarkable strategy for a seabird. A subspecies of Eurasian wren, the St Kilda wren \"Troglodytes troglodytes hirtensis\", is unique to St Kilda. Salmon frequent several Lewis rivers after crossing the Atlantic. Many of the fresh-water lochs are home to fish such as trout. Other freshwater fish present include Arctic char, European eel, 3 and 9 spined sticklebacks, thick-lipped mullet and flounder. Offshore, it is common to see seals, particularly in Stornoway harbour, and with luck, dolphins, porpoises, sharks and even the occasional whale can be encountered. Occasional turtles, mainly loggerhead and leathery, may be met in coastal waters. In Great Bernera, sea life is especially rich where there is tidal run between the \"Caolas Bhalasaigh\" (English: \"Valasay Straits/Kyles\") and the inner sea-loch of \"Tòb Bhalasaigh\". There are numerous molluscs, sponges, brittlestars and starfish, the latter growing noticeably larger in size than normal. Cup coral, snakelocks anemone and dead man's fingers coral, may also be found here. Common fish include shanny and butterfish and Atlantic and common seals are regular off-shore visitors. Common seals often congregate at low tide on the rocks in Bays Loch in Berneray (North Uist), grey seals, which are larger and can be distinguished by the long noses, are also to be found there occasionally, but are more common off the West Beach. The grey seal now breeds on Hirta but did not do so before the 1930 evacuation. The beach at Village Bay in St Kilda is unusual in that its short stretch of summer sand recedes in winter, exposing the large boulders on which it rests. A survey of the beach in 1953 found only a single resident species, the crustacean isopod \"Eurydice pulchra\". Amongst the more exotic species found off the Outer Hebrides, is the giant squid (\"Architeuthis\") - specimens are occasionally washed up on the islands. There are only two native land mammals in the Western Isles, red deer and otter. The rabbit, blue hare, hedgehog, brown and black rat, feral cat, mink and polecat were introduced by humans. The origin of mice and voles is uncertain. There has been considerable controversy over hedgehogs on South Uist. The animals are not native to the islands, having been introduced in the 1970s to reduce garden pests. They now pose a threat to the eggs of ground nesting wading birds on the reserve. In 2003 Scottish Natural Heritage undertook a cull of hedgehogs in the area. American mink are another introduced species (escapees from fur farms) and cause problems for native ground-nesting birds, the local fishing industry and poultry farmers.<ref name=\"http://www.snh.org.uk/scottish/wisles/species.asp\">SNH - Hebridean Mink Project</ref> Due to this impact and following a successful eradication<ref name=\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/highlands_and_islands/5306182.stm\">BBC News</ref> of the species from the Uists and Barra, the second and ongoing phase of the Hebridean Mink Project aims to rid mink from Lewis and Harris in similar fashion. The Shiant Isles are home to a colony of black rats, which may originally have come ashore from a shipwreck. Apart from one or two small islands in the Firth of Forth, the Shiants are the only place in the UK where the black rat or ship's rat (\"Rattus rattus\") can still be found. There are thought to be about 3,000 rats on the islands. Analysis of their stomach contents has shown that the Shiant rats do eat seabirds, but it is impossible to tell if they prey on live birds or simply scavenge dead remains. A subspecies of wood mouse known as the St Kilda field mouse (\"Apodemus sylvaticus hirtensis\") is unique to St Kilda. A subspecies of house", "from the Uists and Barra, the second and ongoing phase of the Hebridean Mink Project aims to rid mink from Lewis and Harris in similar fashion. The Shiant Isles are home to a colony of black rats, which may originally have come ashore from a shipwreck. Apart from one or two small islands in the Firth of Forth, the Shiants are the only place in the UK where the black rat or ship's rat (\"Rattus rattus\") can still be found. There are thought to be about 3,000 rats on the islands. Analysis of their stomach contents has shown that the Shiant rats do eat seabirds, but it is impossible to tell if they prey on live birds or simply scavenge dead remains. A subspecies of wood mouse known as the St Kilda field mouse (\"Apodemus sylvaticus hirtensis\") is unique to St Kilda. A subspecies of house mouse known as \"Mus musculus muralis\", vanished completely after the evacuation of human inhabitants, as it was strictly associated with settlements and buildings. It had a number of traits in common with a sub-species (\"Mus musculus mykinessiensis\") found on Mykines island in the Faroe Islands. The St Kildans kept up to 2,000 sheep, which were removed at the time of the evacuation, but a herd of 107 indigenous Soay sheep were transferred onto Hirta from Soay and now live in a feral state. Soay sheep are a very primitive breed that do not require shearing. Numbers vary from 600 to 1,700 on Hirta, and 200 remain on Soay. A few have been exported to form breeding populations in other nations, where they are valued for their hardiness and small size. On Hirta and Soay, they prefer the plantago pastures, which grow well in locations exposed to sea spray and include red fescue, sea plantain and sea pink. There is also a breed of feral sheep residing on Boreray, which is one of the most endangered British sheep in existence. There are claims that the Stornoway castle grounds are home to bats.<ref name=\"http://www.echoesecology.co.uk/documents/AnIntroductionToTheBatsofScotlandEdition1Dec2006_002.pdf\">An Introduction to the Bats of Scotland</ref> In addition, there are farmed animals such as sheep, cattle and a few pigs. In common with Ireland, no snakes inhabit Lewis, only the slowworm which is merely mistaken for a snake. Actually a legless lizard, it is the sole member of its order present. The common frog may be found in the centre of the island though it, along with any newts or toads present are introduced species. The island's most famous insect resident is the Highland midge which is ever-present near water at certain times of the year. During the summer months, several species of butterflies and dragon flies can be found, especially outwith Stornoway. The richness of insect-life in Lewis is evident from the fact that carnivorous plants, such as the sundew, thrive in parts of the island. The machair is noted for different species of orchid and associated vegetation such as various grasses. Three heathers; ling, bell heather and cross-leaved heather are predominant in the large areas of moorland vegetation which also holds large numbers of insectivorous plants such as sundews. The expanse of heather-covered moorland explains the name Eilean an Fhraoich, Gaelic for The Heather Isle.<ref name = \"http://news.scotsman.com/gaelic.cfm?id=140952005\">Scotsman piece with 'Eilean an Fhraoich' translation</ref> Lewis was once covered by woodland, but the only natural woods remaining are in small pockets on inland cliffs and on islands within lochs, away from fire and sheep. In recent years, Forestry Commission plantations of spruce and pine were planted; but, most of the pines were destroyed by moth infestation. The most important mixed woods are those planted around Lews Castle in Stornoway, dating from the mid-19th century.<ref name=\"http://www.cne-siar.gov.uk/factfile/environment/flora.htm\">Local Authority Web Site </ref> Bonnie Prince Charlie's flower (\"Calystegia soldanella\"), reputedly originating from French seeds dropped by Bonnie Prince Charlie is, in Scotland, found only on Vatersay and Eriskay. Plant life in St Kilda is heavily influenced by the salt spray, strong winds and acidic peaty soils. No trees grow on the archipelago, although there are more than 130 different flowering plants, 162 species of fungi and 160 bryophytes. Several rarities exist amongst the 194 lichen species. Kelp thrives in the surrounding seas, which contain a diversity of unusual marine invertebrates. The St Kilda dandelion (\"Taraxacum pankhurstianum\") is a species of dandelion endemic to the island of Hirta, identified in 2012. On Mingulay there is but a single tree — a 2 metre high poplar on a cliff overlooking Mingulay Bay. Sea holly (\"Eryngium maritimum\"), otherwise rare in the Western Isles, has grown on Mingulay since at least the late 19th century, and sea milkwort (\"Glaux maritima\"), normally only found at sea level is able to grow on the high cliff tops due to the ocean spray and seagull manure. There are 15 SSSIs on Lewis in the biology category, spread across the island. Additionally, the Lewis Peatlands are recognised by Scottish Natural Heritage as a Special Protection Area, Special Area of Conservation and a Ramsar site, showing their importance as a wetland habitat for migratory and resident bird life. Situated on the extreme western point of North Uist, the RSPB reserve at Balranald includes sandy beaches, rocky foreshore, marshes and sand dunes. An information centre explains the importance of traditional crofting agriculture for corncrakes and other wildlife. Many wading and farmland birds nest on the flower-rich machair and croft-land - perhaps your best chance to hear and to even see corncrakes. Loch Druidibeg in the north of the island is a national nature reserve owned and managed by Scottish Natural Heritage. The reserve covers 1,677 hectares of machair, bog, freshwater lochs, estuary heather moorland and hill. Over 200 species of flowering plants have been recorded on the reserve, some of which are nationally scarce. South Uist is considered the best place in the UK for the aquatic plant slender naiad (\"Najas flexilis\") which is a European Protected Species. Nationally important populations of breeding waders are also present, including redshank, dunlin, lapwing and ringed plover. The reserve is also home to greylag geese on the loch and in summer corncrakes on the machair. Otters and hen harriers are also seen. The Monach Islands are a national nature reserve for the undisturbed machair and their grey seal population. About 10,000 come ashore each autumn to have their pups and mate, making it one of the largest such colonies in the world. There are also a large number of nesting seabirds and a rich flora. Grey herons nest in some of the abandoned buildings. Mingulay and nearby Berneray became a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1983. Mingulay has a large seabird population, and is an important breeding ground for razorbills (9,514 pairs, 6.3% of the European population), guillemots (11,063 pairs) and black-legged kittiwakes (2,939 pairs). Shags (694 individuals), fulmar (11,626 pairs), puffins (2,072 pairs), storm petrel, common terns, Arctic terns, bonxies and various species of gull also nest in the sea-cliffs. Manx shearwaters nested on Lianamul stack until the late 18th century, when they were driven away by puffins, and tysties have also been recorded there. Sheep graze the island’s rough pastures and there is a population of rabbits, introduced by shepherds after the 1912 evacuation. Grey seals are abundant, numbers having grown substantially since the departure of human residents. Although they do not breed, up to 1,000 make use of the beach in winter. The Flannan Isles provide nesting for a population of seabirds, including Atlantic puffins, northern fulmars, European storm-petrels, Leach's petrels, common shag and black-legged kittiwakes. There is a gannetry on Roaireim. From the late Middle Ages on, Lewismen regularly raided these nests for eggs, birds and", "also nest in the sea-cliffs. Manx shearwaters nested on Lianamul stack until the late 18th century, when they were driven away by puffins, and tysties have also been recorded there. Sheep graze the island’s rough pastures and there is a population of rabbits, introduced by shepherds after the 1912 evacuation. Grey seals are abundant, numbers having grown substantially since the departure of human residents. Although they do not breed, up to 1,000 make use of the beach in winter. The Flannan Isles provide nesting for a population of seabirds, including Atlantic puffins, northern fulmars, European storm-petrels, Leach's petrels, common shag and black-legged kittiwakes. There is a gannetry on Roaireim. From the late Middle Ages on, Lewismen regularly raided these nests for eggs, birds and feathers. There is a population of Arctic hares, brought to the islands by the lighthouse keepers, and crofters from Bernera graze sheep on the most fertile islands. Minke and pilot whales, as well as Risso's and other species of dolphin are commonly observed in the vicinity. The islands became a Site of Special Scientific Interest in December 1983. On his death on 14 August 1956, the Marquess of Bute's will bequeathed the archipelago to the National Trust for Scotland provided they accepted the offer within six months. After much soul-searching, the Executive Committee agreed to do so in January 1957. The slow renovation and conservation of the village began, much of it undertaken by summer volunteer work parties. In addition, scientific research began on the feral Soay sheep population and other aspects of the natural environment. In 1957 the area was designated a national nature reserve. In 1986 the islands became the first place in Scotland to be inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, for its terrestrial natural features. In 2004, St Kilda achieved a joint 'marine' status for its superlative natural features, its habitats for rare and endangered species, and its internationally important population of seabirds. By 2005 St Kilda thus became one of only two dozen global locations to be awarded World Heritage Status for both 'natural' and 'cultural' significance. The islands share this honour with internationally important sites such as Machu Picchu in Peru, Mount Athos in Greece and the Ukhahlamba/Drakensberg Park in South Africa. The St Kilda World Heritage Site covers a total area of 24,201.4 hectares (93.4 sq mi) including the land and sea. The land area is 854.6 hectares (2,111.8 acres). St Kilda is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, a National Scenic Area, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, and a European Union Special Protection Area. Visiting yachts may find shelter in Village Bay, but those wishing to land are told to contact the National Trust for Scotland in advance. Concern exists about the introduction of non-native animal and plant species into such a fragile environment. St Kilda's marine environment of underwater caves, arches and chasms offers a challenging but superlative diving experience. Such is the power of the North Atlantic swell that the effects of the waves can be detected below sea level. In 2008 the National Trust for Scotland received the support of Scotland ’s Minister for Environment, Michael Russell for their plan to ensure no rats come ashore from \"The Spinningdale\", a Spanish fishing vessel grounded on Hirta. There was concern that bird life on the island could be seriously affected. Fortunately, potential contaminants from the vessel including fuel, oils, bait and stores were successfully removed by Dutch salvage company Mammoet before the bird breeding season in early April. Flora and fauna of the Outer Hebrides The flora and fauna of the Outer Hebrides in north west Scotland comprises a unique and diverse ecosystem. A long archipelago, set on the" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Gertrude Rand Marie Gertrude Rand Ferree (October 29, 1886 – June 30, 1970) was an American research scientist who is known for her extensive body of work about color perception. Her work included \"mapping the retina for its perceptional abilities\", \"developing new instruments and lamps for ophthalmologists\", and \"detection and measurement of color blindness\". Rand, with LeGrand H. Hardy and M. Catherine Rittler, developed the HRR pseudoisochromatic color test. While working at Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, she acquired patents for lighting devices and instruments, and worked on the lighting of the Holland Tunnel between New York and New Jersey. In 1912, Rand received the Sarah Berliner Research and Lecture fellowship from the Association of Collegiate Alumnae which became the American Association of University Women. She was the first female fellow of the Illuminating Engineering Society and received a Gold Medal award from that society in 1963. In 1959, she became the first woman to receive the Optical Society of America's Edgar D. Tillyer Medal. Gertrude Rand Marie Gertrude Rand Ferree (October 29, 1886 – June 30, 1970) was an American research scientist who is known for her extensive body of work about color perception." ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Cinema Dimashq Cinema Dimashq (Translated from Arabic, Cinema Damascus) is a movie theater in Damascus, Syria. The theater was one of the largest single room cinemas in the Arab World, with a total seating capacity of 1500, the ground floor seated 1000 moviegoers and a large balcony seated 500. It is currently the only cinema in Syria featuring the latest American and European productions. The movie theater currently features 4 medium-sized projection rooms of about 300 places each. Opened in 1943 by Toufik Chammas, a prominent local businessman, Cinema Dimashq rapidly became a local entertainment proxy, bringing Syria into the era of cinematography. Closed in early 2005, and reopened in mid-2009, its current name is Cinema City. Completely renovated, the cinema now features a sushi bar, and digital projectors. Cinema City did come under criticism as it was later accused of evading US sanctions imposed onto Syria since 2003, and projecting US movies the same day they would debut in Dubai, Lebanon and other prevalent West Asian and North African cities. Cinema Dimashq Cinema Dimashq (Translated from Arabic, Cinema Damascus) is a movie theater in Damascus, Syria. The theater was one of the largest single room cinemas in the Arab" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "G. Aaron Youngquist Gustav Aaron Youngquist (4 November 1885 – 29 October 1959) was a Swedish-American lawyer and public prosecutor. He served as Minnesota Attorney General and as the Assistant U.S. Attorney General who successfully prosecuted Al Capone for federal income tax evasion. Youngquist was born near Gothenburg, Sweden, and moved to the United States as a small child with his family. He enrolled at William Mitchell College of Law (then the St. Paul College of Law) and graduated in 1909. Following graduation, he entered into partnership with Charles Loring, a future Chief Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court. Youngquist served as Polk County attorney (1915-1918). Later, he successfully ran for the offices of the Attorney for Carver County. In February 1928, he was appointed Minnesota Attorney General by Governor Theodore Christianson to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Albert F. Pratt. In 1929, the state Republican Party tried to draft Youngquist as their gubernatorial candidate for the next year's election. Instead, U.S. Attorney General William D. Mitchell convinced Youngquist to accept a position at the Department of Justice, where he was charged with enforcing national prohibition laws of the Volstead Act. He remained there until 1933, having argued between sixty and seventy cases before the U.S. Supreme Court and overseen the trial and sentencing of Al Capone. Youngquist practiced actively following his return to Minnesota. He also served on the U.S. Supreme Court's Advisory Committee on the Rules of Federal Criminal Procedure. G. Aaron Youngquist Gustav Aaron Youngquist (4 November 1885 – 29 October 1959) was a Swedish-American lawyer and public prosecutor. He served as Minnesota Attorney General and as the Assistant U.S. Attorney General who successfully prosecuted Al Capone for federal income tax evasion. Youngquist was born near Gothenburg, Sweden, and moved to the United States" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "2010 Portsmouth City Council election The 2010 Portsmouth City Council election took place on Thursday 6 May 2010 to elect members of Portsmouth City Council in Hampshire, England. The election took place on the same day as a parliamentary general election, and one third of the council (14 seats) was up for election using the first-past-the-post voting system. The Liberal Democrats won a majority of the seats being contested, and remained in overall control of the council, which they had achieved following a series of defections to the party in 2009. After the election, the composition of the council was: NB: All comparisons are to the 2006 local elections, at which the same tranche of seats were contested. NB: All comparisons are to the 2006 local elections, at which the same tranche of seats were contested. 2010 Portsmouth City Council election The 2010 Portsmouth City Council election took place on Thursday 6 May 2010 to elect members of Portsmouth City Council in Hampshire, England. The election took place on the same day as a parliamentary general election, and one third of the council (14 seats) was up for election using the first-past-the-post voting system. The Liberal Democrats won a majority" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "The Galleria at White Plains The Galleria at White Plains is a large enclosed shopping mall located in the downtown area of White Plains, New York, a commercial and residential suburb north of New York City. Built by Cadillac Fairview, a Canadian developer, the , four-level mall is located on two large city blocks of former urban renewal land. It opened in August 1980 and was the first of three Gallerias to open in the fall of 1980 around the nation, the others being Sherman Oaks and Fort Lauderdale. Its anchor stores are Macy's and Sears, which were relocated to the mall from nearby locations on Main Street to replace the original anchor stores. Abraham & Straus occupied the east anchor spot until converting to Sterns in 1995 and being replaced by Macy's a year later. The west anchor J.C. Penney closed on April 28, 2001, and was left vacant until September 2003 when Sears moved in. Martin Luther King Blvd. runs directly underneath the mall. The mall was constructed adjacent to a large two-block-long parking garage that is connected directly to the mall at various levels. Shopping floors were color coded blue, green, yellow, and red representing Street Level, Garden Level, location of the Garden food court, and Fashion Level 1 and 2 respectively. During the holiday season, the mall's slogan was \"We bring more good things to Christmas.\" The mall was renovated in the early 1990s; only the glass elevator remains relatively unchanged. For example, the waterfall and stage in the center court was replaced with two miniature fountains situated between the escalators. Similar to a sister project in nearby Stamford, Connecticut (the Stamford Town Center mall), the Galleria's architectural character appears fortress-like and overwhelms even the recent high-density urban quality of its downtown environment. Considering the general architectural design of most enclosed shopping malls, it does not have much opportunity to create an interactive streetscape along its surrounding sidewalk areas. A late 1990s enhancement tried to correct some of these physical flaws, but recent retail tenant fit-outs on the sidewalk level have closed off much of this design effort. In recent years, the mall has experienced competition from the development of nearby, and more upscale, retail developments such as The Westchester mall and The Source at White Plains. A late 1990s promotional advertisement featured the tag line \"Shopping for the real world,\" a subtle jab at the more upscale and affluent clientele and stores at The Westchester roughly a half-mile away. On September 18, 2006, Philip Grant, a homeless convicted rapist was convicted of murder as a hate crime for stabbing Concetta Russo-Carriero to death in a Galleria parking garage on June 29, 2005, because, according to Grant's videotaped confession, she was white with blond hair and blue eyes. Public outrage over the killing prompted local officials to shut down an area shelter from which homeless men, including dangerous sex offenders, were bused downtown each morning, where many reportedly congregated near the Galleria parking garage. On January 5, 2009, a man fell two stories from the third level to the food court level in a suspected suicide attempt at the mall.Interior shots of the mall were used in the 2018 film ’’Eighth Grade’’. The Galleria at White Plains The Galleria at White Plains is a large enclosed shopping mall located in the downtown area of White Plains, New York, a commercial and residential suburb north of New York City. Built by Cadillac Fairview, a Canadian developer, the , four-level mall is located on two large city blocks of former urban renewal land. It opened in August 1980" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Elections in Ghana Elections in Ghana gives information on election and election results in Ghana. Ghana elects on national level a head of state, the president, and a legislature. The president is elected for a four-year term by the people. The Parliament of Ghana has 275 members, elected for a four-year term in single-seat constituencies. The presidential election is won by having more than 50% of valid votes cast, whilst the parliamentary elections is won by simple majority, and, as is predicted by Duverger's law, the voting system has encouraged Ghanaian politics into a two-party system, creating extreme difficulty for anybody attempting to achieve electoral success under any banner other than those of the two dominant parties. Elections have been held every four years since 1992. Presidential and parliamentary elections are held alongside each other, generally on 7 December. Elections in Ghana Elections in Ghana gives information on election and election results in Ghana. Ghana elects on national level a head of state, the president, and a legislature. The president is elected for a four-year term by the people. The Parliament of Ghana has 275 members, elected for a four-year term in single-seat constituencies. The presidential election is won by" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Canongate Books Canongate Books (often simply Canongate) is a Scottish independent publishing firm based in Edinburgh; it is named for the Canongate, an area of the city. It is most recognised for publishing the Booker Prizewinner \"Life of Pi\". Canongate was named Publisher of the Year in 2003 and 2009. Canongate was founded in 1973 by Stephanie Wolfe Murray and her husband Angus Wolfe Murray. Originally a speciality press focusing on Scottish-interest books, generally with small print runs, its most major author was Alasdair Gray. In 1994 it was purchased from the receiver in a management buyout led by Jamie Byng, using funds provided by his stepfather Christopher Bland and his father-in-law Charlie McVeigh, and began to publish more general works, including the \"Pocket Canons\" editions of books of the Bible, as well as the \"Payback Press\" and \"Rebel Inc.\" imprints. Byng is now the Publisher and Managing Director of the company. In June 2010 it was announced that a \"living archive\" of Canongate Books was to be established at the University of Dundee in collaboration with the University's Archive Services, which will be used for teaching and research. Canongate once had a sister company in Australia, Text Publishing; Canongate's majority interest was sold in 2011. It also has joint venture operations with the children's publisher Walker who will publish selected titles for their young adult fiction list. Grove/Atlantic, Inc. publishes under the Canongate U.S. imprint, also under a joint venture arrangement. In March 2010, Canongate and Dirtee Stank announced a joint venture agreement to publish Dizzee Rascal's memoir, although this agreement later fell through. Canongate is part of the Independent Alliance, a global alliance of ten UK publishers and their international publishing partners. In 2009, the Alliance was the UK's fifth largest publisher. Enhanced Editions and Canongate also work in partnership in the production of selected books enhanced for the iPhone and iPod Touch. The titles that have been released are: \"Dreams From My Father\", \"The Audacity of Hope\", \"The Death of Bunny Munro\" and \"The Good Man Jesus and the Scoundrel Christ\". Alasdair Gray Charles Palliser Irvine Welsh Julian Assange The Mighty Boosh Noel Fielding (with Mighty Boosh member Dave Brown) Nick Cave David Eagleman Michel Faber Matt Haig Steven Hall Miranda July Yann Martel James Meek (author) Barack Obama Dizzee Rascal David Shrigley David Simon Martin C. Strong Scarlett Thomas Simon Tofield In which contemporary authors re-imagine ancient myths from a variety of cultures Canongate Books Canongate Books (often simply Canongate) is a Scottish independent publishing firm based in Edinburgh; it is named for the Canongate, an area of the city. It is most recognised for publishing the Booker Prizewinner \"Life of Pi\". Canongate was named Publisher of the Year in 2003 and 2009. Canongate was founded in 1973 by Stephanie Wolfe Murray and her husband Angus Wolfe Murray. Originally a speciality press focusing on Scottish-interest books, generally with small print runs, its most major author was Alasdair Gray. In 1994 it was purchased from the receiver" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Luke Allen-Gale Luke Allen-Gale is a British actor who has had roles in the apocalyptic series \"Dominion\" and in the ITV television show \"Monroe\". Born in Dorset. He trained at the Drama Centre London and made his acting debut in 2008 on \"Wallander\" alongside Kenneth Branagh. Between 2011 and 2012 he had a recurring role in the TV series \"Monroe\" as Daniel Springer. Allen-Gale also had a recurring role as William Whele in the series \"Dominion\" between 2014 and 2015. He made his professional West End stage debut in 2014 as Nicky Lockridge in Richard Greenberg's \"The American Plan\", which transferred to the St James Theatre in London from Theatre Royal, Bath. Allen-Gale has had roles in a number of Short films between 2009 and 2011. In 2010 he provided the voice of Spiller in the UK adaptation of the animated film \"The Secret World of Arrietty\". In 2016, Allen-Gale took had a lead role as Inspector Godfrey in The CW TV Movie \"Transylvania\". He has also done voice acting for the BBC Radio 4's series \"GF Newman's The Corrupted\", and in the video games \"Quantum Break\", \"Final Fantasy XIV\" and \"\". He is the lead role in the new Jaguar F-Pace commercials alongside Stephen Hawking. Luke Allen-Gale Luke Allen-Gale is a British actor who has had roles in the apocalyptic series \"Dominion\" and in the ITV television show \"Monroe\". Born in Dorset. He trained at the Drama Centre London and made his acting debut in 2008 on \"Wallander\" alongside Kenneth Branagh. Between 2011 and 2012 he had a recurring role in the TV series \"Monroe\" as Daniel Springer. Allen-Gale also had a recurring role as William Whele in the series \"Dominion\" between 2014 and 2015. He made his professional West End stage debut in 2014 as Nicky Lockridge in" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Jack MacIsaac John A. \"Jack\" MacIsaac (born June 23, 1939) is a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Pictou Centre in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1977 to 1993. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia. MacIsaac was born in 1939 at Inverness, Nova Scotia. He was an insurance agent in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, MacIsaac entered provincial politics in 1977, winning a by-election for the Pictou Centre riding. MacIsaac was re-elected in the 1978 election, that resulted in a majority government for the Progressive Conservatives led by John Buchanan. He was re-elected in the 1981, 1984, and 1988 general elections. When Buchanan was sworn in as premier on October 5, 1978, he appointed MacIsaac to the Executive Council of Nova Scotia as Minister of Social Services. He later served in cabinet as Minister of Municipal Affairs, Minister of Labour, Minister of Transportation, Minister of Tourism, Minister of Lands and Forests, and Minister of Mines and Energy. MacIsaac quit the cabinet in February 1991, and did not seek re-election in the 1993 election. Jack MacIsaac John A. \"Jack\" MacIsaac (born June 23, 1939) is a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Franklin Post Office The Old Log Post Office, also known as the Franklin Post Office is an historic building located in Franklin, Ohio. Built in 1802, the two story log cabin is the oldest surviving post office in the state and the oldest building in Franklin. On April 1, 1805, President Thomas Jefferson appointed the first postmaster, John N. C. Schenck. The post office was his home. It was originally at 310 River Street but was moved to its present site near the corner of 5th and River streets in 1974. A portion of the Great Miami River Recreation Trail, a bicycle trail, now passes by the post office. On March 17, 1976, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Franklin Post Office The Old Log Post Office, also known as the Franklin Post Office is an historic building located in Franklin, Ohio. Built in 1802, the two story log cabin is the oldest surviving post office in the state and the oldest building in Franklin. On April 1, 1805, President Thomas Jefferson appointed the first postmaster, John N. C. Schenck. The post office was his home. It was originally at 310 River Street but was moved" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Umayalpuram Umayalpuram is a village in the Papanasam taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. Pin-614203 As per the 2001 census, Umayalpuram had a total population of 4697 with 2383 males and 2314 females. The sex ratio was 971. The literacy rate was 76.72. This village is situated in Kumbakonam to Thiruvaiyaru route. In the distance of 12 km from Kumbakonam. Located near by cauvery river. Major agriculture works are Rice, sugar cane, cotton and banana tree. The High School, which is more than 120 years old, Bharathy nursery and primary school, and Government primary school. Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman, Mridangam Player Umayalpuram Umayalpuram is a village in the Papanasam taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. Pin-614203 As per the 2001 census, Umayalpuram had a total population of 4697 with 2383 males and 2314 females. The sex ratio was 971. The literacy rate was 76.72. This village is situated in Kumbakonam to Thiruvaiyaru route. In the distance of 12 km from Kumbakonam. Located near by cauvery river. Major agriculture works are Rice, sugar cane, cotton and banana tree. The High School, which is more than 120 years old, Bharathy nursery and primary school, and Government primary school. Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "The Kingmaker (The Blacklist) \"The Kingmaker\" is the twentieth episode of the first season of the American crime drama \"The Blacklist\". The episode premiered in the United States on NBC on April 28, 2014. After a politician in Prague is framed for a murder, Red suspects it's the work of The Kingmaker (guest star Linus Roache) – a strategist behind the rise of some of the world's most powerful politicians. Red is seen meeting with an ally about the Prague matter, and the man tells him that the recent news of a siege on Red's interests is causing several key people to start distancing themselves. Elizabeth views the photos that Tom had led her to, which show Red at the hospital where her adoptive father Sam had died. She confronts Red about it, but he steers her toward the more urgent matter of The Kingmaker being in the U.S. Elizabeth and the team are able to uncover a plot by The Kingmaker to run the car of a New York Congressman off a bridge, attempting to make him look like a hero by saving his family. This puts him in the best position to win a special election for a Senate seat, which The Kingmaker vacates by killing the Senator. Alarms go off in the home where the murder is committed, with Ressler and Liz entering the home. The Kingmaker attacks Elizabeth and applies a choke hold, before being fatally shot by Ressler. Red meets with Fitch, telling him his businesses are under attack and suggesting it's a mutual problem, and proposes that they cooperate against their common enemy. Fitch meets with members of his global alliance, then tells Red they have chosen not to ally themselves with him, despite Red's threats to expose them. Elizabeth phones Red to inform him about The Kingmaker. Red says he wants 10 minutes with the man to find out who ordered the Prague incident, but Liz has to tell him that The Kingmaker is dead. Elizabeth then visits Red about her adoptive father, with Red finally admitting he killed Sam. Elizabeth calls Red a \"monster\", and says the two of them are through. \"The Kingmaker\" premiered on NBC on April 28, 2014 in the 10–11 p.m. time slot. The episode garnered a 2.7/8 Nielsen rating with 10.85 million viewers, making it the highest rated show in its time slot and the fifth most watched television show of the week. Jason Evans of \"The Wall Street Journal\" gave a positive review of the episode, stating: \"Wowowowowowowowow! This was a huge one! Again, the show did a great job of tying the Blacklister of the week in to the larger story about Red and everything that is going on in his life.\" JoJo Marshall of \"Entertainment Weekly\" also gave a positive review of the episode, stating: \"The Kingmaker stages politically-minded deaths, causing trouble for Reddington, while Liz discovers the truth about her father's end\". After the episode ended, she went on to say: \"NO. NO. I want to see what happens!! They’d better show us next week, when we’ll also find out who Berlin is and how the Blacklist is 'all connected.'\" The Kingmaker (The Blacklist) \"The Kingmaker\" is the twentieth episode of the first season of the American crime drama \"The Blacklist\". The episode premiered in the United States on NBC on April 28, 2014. After a politician in Prague is framed for a murder, Red suspects it's the work of The Kingmaker (guest star Linus Roache) – a strategist behind the rise of some of the world's most powerful politicians. Red is seen" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Ferdinand Poise Jean-Alexandre-Ferdinand Poise (3 June 1828 – 13 May 1892) was a French composer, author of opéra-comiques of which he wrote the librettos or participated to the writing. Born in Nimes, Poise studied at the Conservatoire de Paris under the tutelage of Adolphe Adam, himself a pupil of Boieldieu. He was first Second Grand Prix de Rome in musical composition in 1852. His first opera was \"Bonsoir voisin\" (1853), which decided his career and remains his most enduring success since it is still performed in France and Belgium. He did not follow modern operetta trends (Offenbach or Bizet), but preferred to remain in line with the 18th century opéra comique. Alphonse Daudet was his librettist for \"Les Charmeurs\" (1855) and \"Les Absents\" (1864). In 1862, the cantata \"Nemausa\" was created, the libretto of which was written by félibrige \"Le Roi Don Pèdre\" (1857) and \"Le Corricolo\" (1868) were failures, but Poise, drawing inspiration from the works of the late 17th and 18th centuries, will create quality works: \"Les Deux billets\" (1870) after Florian, \"Les Trois Souhaits\" (1873) and the trilogy \"La Surprise de l'amour\" (1877), \"L'Amour médecin\" (1880) and \"Joli-Gilles\" (1884). \"Carmosine\" was a work that is at odds with previous works. His contemporary Arnold Mortier paints a portrait of Poise \"long, emaciated and funeral. Poise, who wrote such vivid and valiant scores, is, I am assured, one of the saddest men in Paris\". Poise died in paris at age 63. After David Charlton's article in: The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed Stanley Sadie,Mac Millan,1980, vol 15 Ferdinand Poise Jean-Alexandre-Ferdinand Poise (3 June 1828 – 13 May 1892) was a French composer, author of opéra-comiques of which he wrote the librettos or participated to the writing. Born in Nimes, Poise studied at the Conservatoire de Paris" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Thermodynamic versus kinetic reaction control Thermodynamic reaction control or kinetic reaction control in a chemical reaction can decide the composition in a reaction product mixture when competing pathways lead to different products and the reaction conditions influence the selectivity or stereoselectivity. The distinction is relevant when product A forms faster than product B because the activation energy for product A is lower than that for product B, yet product B is more stable. In such a case A is the kinetic product and is favoured under kinetic control and B is the thermodynamic product and is favoured under thermodynamic control. The conditions of the reaction, such as temperature, pressure, or solvent, affect which reaction pathway may be favored: either the kinetically controlled or the thermodynamically controlled one. Note this is only true if the activation energy of the two pathways differ, with one pathway having a lower E (energy of activation) than the other. Prevalence of thermodynamic or kinetic control determines the final composition of the product when these competing reaction pathways lead to different products. The reaction conditions as mentioned above influence the selectivity of the reaction - i.e., which pathway is taken. Asymmetric synthesis is a field in which the distinction between kinetic and thermodynamic control is especially important. Because pairs of enantiomers have, for all intents and purposes, the same Gibbs free energy, thermodynamic control will produce a racemic mixture by necessity. Thus, any \"catalytic\" reaction that provides product with nonzero enantiomeric excess is under at least partial kinetic control. (In many \"stoichiometric\" asymmetric transformations, the enantiomeric products are actually formed as a complex with the chirality source before the workup stage of the reaction, technically making the reaction a diastereoselective one. Although such reactions are still usually kinetically controlled, thermodynamic control is at least possible, in principle.) The Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with furan can produce two isomeric products. At room temperature, kinetic reaction control prevails and the less stable endo isomer 2 is the main reaction product. At 81 °C and after long reaction times, the chemical equilibrium can assert itself and the thermodynamically more stable exo isomer 1 is formed. The \"exo\" product is more stable by virtue of a lower degree of steric congestion, while the \"endo\" product is favoured by orbital overlap in the transition state. An outstanding and very rare example of the \"full\" kinetic and thermodynamic reaction control in the process of the tandem inter-/intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of bis-furyl dienes 3 with hexafluoro-2-butyne or dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) have been discovered and described in 2018. At low temperature, the reactions occur chemoselectively leading exclusively to adducts of pincer-[4+2] cycloaddition (5). The exclusive formation of domino-adducts (6) is observed at elevated temperatures. Theoretical DFT calculations of the reaction between hexafluoro-2-butyne and dienes 3a-c were performed. The reaction starting with [4+2] cycloaddition of CFC≡CCF at one of the furan moieties occurs in a concerted fashion \"via\" TS1 and represents the rate limiting step of the whole process with the activation barrier Δ\"G\"≈ 23.1–26.8 kcal/mol. Further, the reaction could proceed \"via\" two competing channels, \"i.e.\" either leading to the pincer type products 5 \"via\" TS2k or resulting in the formation of the domino product 6 \"via\" TS2t. The calculations showed that the first channel is more kinetically favourable (Δ\"G\"≈ 5.7–5.9 kcal/mol). Meanwhile, the domino products 6 are more thermodynamically stable than 5 (Δ\"G\"≈ 4.2-4.7 kcal/mol) and this fact may cause isomerization of 5 into 6 at elevated temperature. Indeed, the calculated activation barriers for the 5 → 6 isomerization \"via\" the retro-Diels-Alder reaction of 5 followed by the intramolecular [4+2]-cycloaddition in the chain intermediate 4 to give 6 are 34.0–34.4 kcal/mol. In the protonation of an enolate ion, the kinetic product is the enol and the thermodynamic product is a ketone or aldehyde. Carbonyl compounds and their enols interchange rapidly by proton transfers catalyzed by acids or bases, even in trace amounts, in this case mediated by the enolate or the proton source. In the deprotonation of an unsymmetrical ketone, the kinetic product is the enolate resulting from removal of the most accessible α-H while the thermodynamic product has the more highly substituted enolate moiety. Use of low temperatures and sterically demanding bases increases the kinetic selectivity. Here, the difference in p\"K\" between the base and the enolate is so large that the reaction is essentially irreversible, so the equilibration leading to the thermodynamic product is likely a proton exchange occurring during the addition between the kinetic enolate and as-yet-unreacted ketone. An inverse addition (adding ketone to the base) with rapid mixing would minimize this. The position of the equilibrium will depend on the countercation and solvent. If a much weaker base is used, the deprotonation will be incomplete, and there will be an equilibrium between reactants and products. Thermodynamic control is obtained, however the reaction remains incomplete unless the product enolate is trapped, as in the example below. Since H transfers are very fast, the trapping reaction being slower, the ratio of trapped products largely mirrors the deprotonation equilibrium. The electrophilic addition reaction of hydrogen bromide to 1,3-butadiene above room temperature leads predominantly to the thermodynamically more stable 1,4 adduct, 1-bromo-2-butene, but decreasing the reaction temperature to below room temperature favours the kinetic 1,2 adduct, 3-bromo-1-butene. The first to report on the relationship between kinetic and thermodynamic control were R.B. Woodward and Harold Baer in 1944. They were re-investigating a reaction between maleic anhydride and a fulvene first reported in 1929 by Otto Diels and Kurt Alder. They observed that \"while the endo isomer is formed more rapidly, longer reaction times, as well as relatively elevated temperatures, result in higher exo / endo ratios\" which had to be \" considered in the light of the remarkable stability of the exo-compound on the one hand and the very facile dissociation of the endo isomer on the other.\" C. K. Ingold with E. D. Hughes and G. Catchpole independently described a thermodynamic and kinetic reaction control model in 1948. They were reinvestigating a certain allylic rearrangement reported in 1930 by Jakob Meisenheimer. Solvolysis of gamma-phenylallyl chloride with AcOK in acetic acid was found to give a mixture of the gamma and the alpha acetate with the latter converting to the first by equilibration. This was interpreted as a \"case in the field of anionotropy of the phenomenon, familiar in prototropy, of the distinction between kinetic and thermodynamic control in ion-recombination\". Thermodynamic versus kinetic reaction control Thermodynamic reaction control or kinetic reaction control in a chemical reaction can decide the composition in a reaction product mixture when competing pathways lead to different products and the reaction" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Eastern Mavericks Eastern Mavericks is a member club of the Premier League based in Adelaide, South Australia. The club fields both a men's and women's team. The club is a division of the overarching Eastern Mavericks District Basketball Club (EMDBC), the major administrative basketball organisation in the region. The Mavericks play their home games at St Francis de Sales Community Sports Center. Before the Mavericks were introduced in 1995, two teams operated in the Adelaide Hills and Murraylands region. These teams were the Murray Bridge Bullets who played in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) and their Junior Teams competed in the BASA District Competition. The other were the Mt Lofty Spurs who had only junior teams which played in the junior competition in the area. The first suggestions of the amalgamation came in June 1994 when a couple of members of the Bullets approached the Spurs committee to discuss the future of both clubs. The main pushers for the amalgamation included Viv Goodenough, Margaret Tucker, Des Gommers, Shane Thompson and Nathan Jones from the Bullets and Paul Kilvert, Richard Bray and David Tonks from the Spurs. Discussions continued until March 1995 when both teams decided to put forward more formal proposals and the process of joining began from there. In July 1995, the Bullets were granted div 1 status, and for the first time they played under the banner Eastern Mavericks. The first Junior Teams were entered into the Summer Competition in October 1995 and in that first season half the teams wore Bullets Uniforms and half wore Spurs Uniforms. The uniforms that the Mavericks wear up to this day got introduced in the 1996 season and the name Eastern Mavericks District Basketball Club was formally registered. All Star Five Frank Angove Medal Coach of the Year Woollacott Medal All Star Five Merv Harris Medal Coach of the Year Halls Medal Eastern Mavericks Eastern Mavericks is a member club of the Premier League based in Adelaide, South Australia. The club fields both a men's and women's team. The club is a division of the overarching Eastern Mavericks District Basketball Club (EMDBC), the major administrative basketball organisation in the region. The Mavericks play their home games at St Francis de Sales Community Sports Center. Before the Mavericks were introduced in 1995, two teams operated in the Adelaide Hills and Murraylands region. These teams were the Murray Bridge Bullets who played in" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Child Waters Child Waters is Child ballad number 63, existing in several variants. The pregnant Margaret, or Faire Ellen, is told by Child Waters (or Lord John) that she should bide at home. In some variants, he offers her lands to support his child, and she tells him that she would rather have one kiss from him than all his lands. He tells her that she must dress his footpage and will suffer—in some variants, even worse conditions that his horse and hound. She still goes with him. After they arrive at home, she gives birth. Child Waters gives her the best bed in his castle to lie in and promises that they will marry on the same day that she is churched. A common scene, where she must pass through water, shows parallels to the ballads \"Lizzie Lindsay\" and \"The Knight and Shepherd's Daughter\". Child Waters Child Waters is Child ballad number 63, existing in several variants. The pregnant Margaret, or Faire Ellen, is told by Child Waters (or Lord John) that she should bide at home. In some variants, he offers her lands to support his child, and she tells him that she would rather have one kiss" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Chan On Pak Chan On Pak (1845-1901) was born in Ging Mui Village, the first son of Chan Heung, founder of Choy Li Fut Kung Fu. He looked like and had the gentle nature of a scholar. His specialty was the \"Left and Right Thirteen Lance Spear Form.\" Chan On Pak's handling and control of the spear was so advanced that he gained the nice nickname Yet Cheung Ng Mui Fa or \"five plum blossoms with one lance.\" In 1894, two of Chan On Pak's students, Cheng Si Leung and Chan Siu Bak, helped the revolutionary forces of Dr. Sun Yat Sen's fight against the Ching Dynasty and lay the foundation for the Republic of China. Chan On Pak assisted his father Chan Heung to teach the system of Choy Li Fut in their village of King Mui. He helped his father to train and teach his younger brother Chan Koon Pak. Unfortunately, Chan On Pak died at the age of 56, most of his students eventually continuing learned from Chan Koon Pak. Chan Cheong Mo was a student of his father Chan Heung and taught by him as the school instructor. Today, the Plum Blossom International Federation lineage is the only one that has Chan On Pak's teaching. Chan On Pak Chan On Pak (1845-1901) was born in Ging Mui Village, the first son of Chan Heung, founder of Choy Li Fut Kung Fu. He looked like and had the gentle nature of a scholar. His specialty was the \"Left and Right Thirteen Lance Spear Form.\" Chan On Pak's handling and control of the spear was so advanced that he gained the nice nickname Yet Cheung Ng Mui Fa or \"five plum blossoms with one lance.\" In 1894, two of Chan On Pak's students, Cheng Si Leung and Chan" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Omelek Island Omelek Island (; Marshallese: , pronounced ) is part of the Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. It is controlled by the United States military under a long-term lease (along with ten other islands in the atoll) and is part of the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site. The Island is about in size. Geologically, it is composed of reef-rock, as are the other islands in the atoll, which is created by the accumulation of marine organism remnants (corals, Mollusca, etc.) Omelek has long been used by the United States for small research rocket launches due to its relative isolation in the South Pacific. The last U.S. government rocket launch occurred in 1996. After 2000, the island's equatorial proximity and nearby radar tracking infrastructure attracted SpaceX, an orbital launch provider, which updated facilities on the island and established it as their primary launch location by 2006. SpaceX began launching Falcon 1 rockets from Omelek in 2006. Falcon 1 Flight 4, the first successful privately funded, liquid-propelled orbital launch vehicle, was launched from Omelek Island on 28 September 2008 and was followed by another Falcon 1 launch on 13 July 2009, placing RazakSAT into orbit. Omelek was planned to host launches for the upgraded Falcon 1e rocket, but , SpaceX stopped development on the Falcon 1e launches while it focused on its large Falcon 9 launch manifest. SpaceX had tentatively planned to upgrade the launch site for use by the Falcon 9 launch vehicle. , the SpaceX launch manifest listed Omelek (Kwajalein) as a potential site for several Falcon 9 launches, the first in 2012. and the Falcon 9 Overview document offered Kwajalein as a launch option. In any event, SpaceX did not make the upgrades necessary to support Falcon 9 launches from the atoll. The Reagan Test Site, which includes rocket launch sites on other islands in the Kwajalein Atoll, on Wake Island, and at Aur Atoll, is the only U.S. government equatorial launch facility. Omelek Island Omelek Island (; Marshallese: , pronounced ) is part of the Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. It is controlled by the United States military under a long-term lease (along with ten other islands in the atoll) and is part of the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site. The Island is about in size. Geologically, it is composed of reef-rock, as are the" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Lacnor Mine The Lacnor Mine, is an abandoned uranium mine in the Elliot Lake area of Ontario, owned by Rio Algom Ltd. The site has been rehabilitated and its tailings facility is currently undergoing environmental monitoring by Denison Environmental Services. The site was in operation from 1957 to 1960, during which time it produced 3.4 million tonnes of ore. The region of Elliot Lake, Ontario was a mecca of Canadian mineral mining from the 1950s to the early 1990s. The region housed ten mines and five mills (Lacnor Mine, Nordic Mine, Panel Mine/Mill, Pronto Mine/Mill, Quirke Mine/Mill, Stanleigh Mine/Mill and the Spanish American Mine/Mill), all operated by the Rio Algom Company. All of the mines and mills in Elliot Lake either ran out their contracts or were shut down by the early 1990s due to the discovery of high-grade uranium deposits in Australia and Saskatchewan. This meant there was no longer a need for the low-grade ore from Elliot Lake, which required a large amount of processing. The Lacnor deposit is on the south limb of the Quirke Lake syncline. The ore bed consists of uraniferous quartz-pebble conglomerate. Two principle beds of conglomerate ore were found. The average thickness of the upper bed is 11 feet and the lower bed 12 feet. They are separated by a 14-foot bed of pebbly quartzite that is radioactive but not of ore grade. The strata strike about N70E and dips 18 N. The east/west ore width indicated by drilling is approximately 3300 feet. The conglomerate consists of quartz pebbles in a matrix of feldspathic quartzite well mineralized with 5 to 15% pyrite and frequently containing a little chalcopyrite. Lacnor Mine The Lacnor Mine, is an abandoned uranium mine in the Elliot Lake area of Ontario, owned by Rio Algom Ltd. The site has" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Department of Oregon The Department of Oregon was one of two Army Departments created September 13, 1858, replacing the original Department of the Pacific and was composed of the Territories of Washington and Oregon, except the Rogue River and Umpqua Districts, which were assigned to the Department of California. Its creation was authorized by General Orders, No. 10, of the United States Department of War, Adjutant-General's Office, September 13, 1858. Its Headquarters was at Fort Vancouver, in the Washington Territory. Its first commander was Brevet Brigadier General William S. Harney, U.S. Army, from 1858 to June 1860. Shortly after he took command he sent troops under Captain George E. Pickett to San Juan Island precipitating the Pig War with Great Britain. Due to these altercations with the British he was recalled in June 1860 by the United States Secretary of War who reassigned Harney to the Department of the West, replacing him with the victor of the Oregon Indian Wars, Colonel George Wright, of the U.S. 9th Infantry Regiment, from June 8, 1860. The Department of Oregon was merged into the restored Department of the Pacific on January 15, 1861, as the District of Oregon administering the same territories, under Col. Wright. Department of Oregon The Department of Oregon was one of two Army Departments created September 13, 1858, replacing the original Department of the Pacific and was composed of the Territories of Washington and Oregon, except the Rogue River and Umpqua Districts, which were assigned to the Department of California. Its creation was authorized by General Orders, No. 10, of the United States Department of War, Adjutant-General's Office, September 13, 1858. Its Headquarters was at Fort Vancouver, in the Washington Territory. Its first commander was Brevet Brigadier General William S. Harney, U.S. Army, from 1858 to June 1860. Shortly" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Huntsville High School (Ontario) Huntsville High School (HHS) is a small secondary school situated in Huntsville, Ontario, Canada, and is located on 58 Brunel Road. The school was built in 1955 and has since undergone two extensive additions. The school provides grades 9-12 education for all of Huntsville. Huntsville High School has a number of different sports teams running in the fall, winter, and spring, and in particular its nordic skiing program. Athletes and teams from the nordic skiing program have won OFSAA championships on numerous occasions and many alumni have gone on to compete at the university, national, and international scene. Huntsville High School (Ontario) Huntsville High School (HHS) is a small secondary school situated in Huntsville, Ontario, Canada, and is located on 58 Brunel Road. The school was built in 1955 and has since undergone two extensive additions. The school provides grades 9-12 education for all of Huntsville. Huntsville High School has a number of different sports teams running in the fall, winter, and spring, and in particular its nordic skiing program. Athletes and teams from the nordic skiing program have won OFSAA championships on numerous occasions and many alumni have gone on to compete at the university," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "NLRP NLRP (Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, Leucine rich Repeat and Pyrin domain containing), also abbreviated as NALP, is a type of NOD-like receptor. NLRP proteins are part of the innate immunity and detect conserved pathogen characteristics such as peptidoglycan. It is thought that NLRP proteins sense inherent danger, and link this with microbial products, creating a response under the concept of the inflammasome including K efflux and caspase 1 activation. NLRP is also known to be associated with a number of hereditary diseases. Research suggests NLRP proteins may be involved in combating retroviruses in gametes. Currently there are at least 13 known human NALP genes named as NALP1 through NALP13. NLRP plays a key role in inflammation and fevers. It is a scaffolding protein and is crucial for aggregating other proteins that form the inflammasome. It activates caspase-1 and assists in the maturation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. As with other NOD-like receptors, NLRP functions to recognize danger signals. NALP3 for instance has been observed to play a significant role propagating immune response to aluminum in adjuvants. NLRP protein structure has a N-terminal PYD domain followed by NACHT domain and several leucine-rich repeats (LRR). These PYD domains can interact with other PYD domains to allow for interaction between NRLP and other proteins also containing a PYD domain. NLRP1 is highly expressed in neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, B and T cells. NLRP was found in high density in T-cell region of the spleen, but not found in B cell regions. Both the brain and the testis expressed NLRP1 but not NLRP3. NLRP1 was found in the neurons of the brain. In humans, NRLP genes are found on the following chromosomal localizations: 17p13, 19q13.42, 1q44, 19q13.43, 11p15.5, and 11p15.4. Most NRLP genes are found on chromosome 19 and 11, however, the most abundant NLRPs (NLRP1 and NLRP3) are found on 17p13 and 1q44. NLRP has been frequently observed to undergo gene duplication events. Mutations in the NLRP3 is responsible for a number of hereditary diseases: MWS (Muckle-Wells Syndrome), FCAS (Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome) and CINCA (Chronic Infantile Neurological Cutaneous Articular syndrome). All of which involve periodic fever, joint inflammation, rashes and amyloidosis. Mutations in NLRP genes that cause hereditary diseases is much more common than that of other PAMP receptors for unknown reasons. Experiments have suggested that Muckle-Wells syndrome is closely tied to IL-1 signaling, as when IL-1 receptor antagonists are introduced to patients, their inflammatory symptoms are no longer observed. In plants, danger signal sensors have been identified to contain many NALPs and therefore it is proposed that NALPs can also serve as danger signal sensors. Some NLRP genes code for a series of NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing proteins, including: Some NLRP genes encode a series of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domains, including: NLRP NLRP (Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, Leucine rich Repeat and Pyrin domain containing), also abbreviated as NALP, is a type of NOD-like receptor. NLRP proteins are part of the innate immunity and detect conserved pathogen characteristics such" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Anthony Famiglietti Anthony Famiglietti \"(nickname: Fam;\" born November 8, 1978 in Medford, New York) is an American track and field athlete who competes professionally for Reckless Running. He was formerly sponsored by Adidas. He has competed for the U.S. in the 3000 meter steeplechase at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games and the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. He has competed in a variety of middle and long distance events, ranging from the 1500 meters/mile to the 10,000 meters. He is also famous for having trained alone in New York City for many years but currently trains in Davidson, North Carolina. Famiglietti is the subject of the independent documentary \"Run Reckless\", which was released at the Running Movie Festival in Eugene, Oregon, at the Olympic Trials EugeneFest. After graduating from Patchogue-Medford High School on Long Island, New York, Famiglietti attended Appalachian State University and the University of Tennessee, where he graduated in 2000. At Appalachian State, Famiglietti was 1996 Southern Conference Freshman of the year in Cross Country and 1997 Southern Conference XC Runner of the Year runner-up. On the track, he was 1998 Southern Conference Champion in both the steeplechase and the 5000 meters. In 1998, he transferred to Tennessee, where he placed 11th at the SEC Cross Country Championships and 75th at the NCAA Cross Country Championships. In 1999, he was 6th at the NCAA Outdoor Championships in the steeplechase, and 8th in his heat at the U.S. Championships. In 2000, his final year of college, Fam was 2nd at the SEC Championships, 4th at the NCAA Championships, and 7th at the U.S. Olympic Trials, where he ran an 8:25.37. In May 2018, Famiglietti announced that he would attempt to become the fourth master's runner to break the four-minute mile barrier. Anthony Famiglietti Anthony Famiglietti \"(nickname: Fam;\" born November 8," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Philips PM5544 The Philips PM5544 is a television pattern generator, most commonly used to provide a television station with a complex test card commonly referred to as a Philips Pattern or PTV Circle. The content and layout of the pattern was designed by engineer Finn Hendil (1939-2011) in the Philips TV laboratory in Copenhagen under supervision of chief engineer Erik Helmer Nielsen in 1966-67. The equipment, PM5544, which generates the pattern, was then made by engineer Finn Hendil and his group in 1968-69. Since the introduction of the PM5544 in the early 1970s, the Philips Pattern has become one of the most commonly used test cards, with only the SMPTE bars, the BBC Test Card F and the Snell & Wilcox Zone Plate coming close to its usage. The Philips Pattern was later incorporated into other test pattern generators from Philips themselves, as well as test pattern generators from various other manufacturers. The BBC occasionally used a slightly modified version called Test Card G from 1971 until the late-1990s in conjunction with Test Card F, and although it was also used by the IBA in the 1970s it eventually abandoned the Test Card G and developed its own test card called the ETP-1 which was brought into use on ITV from 1979 onwards. Many broadcasters using a 625 line PAL system use some form of the Philips Pattern. Since the Philips Pattern is geared towards the PAL colour-coding system, this test pattern is uncommon among NTSC broadcasters, though some, such as CBFT-TV and CBMT-TV in Canada, WBOY-TV and WNYW in the United States, DZBB-TV in the Philippines, Myawaddy TV in Myanmar, KBS and MBC in South Korea and TTV Main Channel, CTV Main Channel and CTS Main Channel in Taiwan have used a 525-line version of it in the past. The Japanese national broadcaster NHK also did use a 525-line version of the test card, albeit with slight technical differences as compared to those used by the American and Canadian broadcasters so as to conform with the NTSC-J system. The Philips Pattern was also in widespread use in Australia for many years, most notably with the ABC and SBS. Some commercial stations also used it. In Spain, the PM5544 test card was used by the various autonomous and private channels since the early 1980s notably by TV3, El 33, Telemadrid, Antena 3, and Canal+ Spain, although not by the national public broadcaster TVE, which had used its own colour test card from 1975 until the early-2000s. Saudi Broadcasting Corporation (SBC) in Saudi Arabia once used a heavily modified version of the Philips PM5544 pattern from 1982 until 2009, with the side \"brackets\" removed and 1/4 of the top half of the PM5544 \"circle\" replaced with a white and black background and colour bars. Some television stations have also been seen to have included a digital clock and/or date, as well as the station logo or ID, inside the \"circle\" of the PM5544 test card. This practice is common in Asia and in some parts of Europe. A widescreen capable Philips Pattern generator, PM5644, was introduced by Philips in the 1990s. The widescreen version of the test card retains the signals present in the original, and features additional signals to test further aspects of signal and picture quality, as well as overscan markings. As with its predecessor, the widescreen Philips Pattern was adopted by various other manufacturers of test pattern generators. Because of the number of manufacturers and generators made over the years to produce the Philips Pattern, various configurations and modifications exist. While the basic specifications normally remain consistent, there are often small variations to the Philips Pattern depending on the brand and type of generator used to produce it, as well as how the broadcaster has chosen to configure it. Philips PM5544 The Philips PM5544 is a television pattern generator, most commonly used to provide a television station with a complex test card commonly referred to as a Philips Pattern or PTV Circle. The content and layout of the pattern was designed by engineer Finn Hendil (1939-2011) in the Philips TV laboratory in Copenhagen under supervision of chief engineer Erik Helmer Nielsen in 1966-67. The equipment, PM5544, which generates" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Vance plan The Vance plan (, ) was a peace plan negotiated by the former United States Secretary of State Cyrus Vance in November 1991 during the Croatian War of Independence. At that time, Vance was the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations; he was assisted by United States diplomat Herbert Okun during the negotiations. The plan was designed to implement a ceasefire, demilitarize parts of Croatia that were under the control of Croatian Serbs and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), allow the return of refugees, and create favourable conditions for negotiations on a permanent political settlement of the conflict resulting from the breakup of Yugoslavia. The Vance plan consisted of two agreements. The first agreement, known as the Geneva Accord, was signed by Yugoslav defence minister General Veljko Kadijević, President of Serbia Slobodan Milošević and Croatian President Franjo Tuđman in Geneva, Switzerland, on 23 November 1991. Because the ceasefire agreed at that time did not hold, further negotiations resulted in the Implementation Agreement of 2 January 1992. The Implementation Agreement, signed in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, by JNA Lieutenant Colonel General Andrija Rašeta and Croatian defence minister Gojko Šušak, produced a longer-lasting ceasefire, which was supervised by the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR). The parties failed to completely implement the remaining major aspects of the Vance plan. In August 1990, an insurgency known as the Log Revolution took place in Croatia. It centred on the predominantly Serb-populated areas of the Dalmatian hinterland around the city of Knin, parts of the Lika, Kordun, and Banovina regions, and settlements in eastern Croatia with significant Serb populations. These areas were subsequently declared to be the Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK). After the RSK declared its intention to join Serbia, the Government of Croatia declared the RSK a rebel organization. By March 1991, the conflict had escalated, resulting in the Croatian War of Independence. In June 1991, Croatia declared its independence as Yugoslavia disintegrated. A three-month moratorium on the declarations of independence by Croatia and the RSK followed, but both declarations came into effect on 8 October. The Croatian National Guard (, ZNG) was formed in May 1991 because the Yugoslav People's Army (, JNA) increasingly supported the RSK and the Croatian Police were unable to cope with the situation. In November the same year, the ZNG was renamed the Croatian Army (, HV). The establishment of the military of Croatia was hampered by a UN arms embargo that had been introduced in September. The final months of 1991 saw the fiercest fighting of the war, culminating in the Battle of the Barracks, the Siege of Dubrovnik, and the Battle of Vukovar. The Vance plan was a result of a diplomatic mission by Cyrus Vance, the former United States Secretary of State, then Special Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations. He was assisted by US diplomat Herbert Okun and Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations for Special Political Affairs Marrack Goulding. The mission was sent to SFR Yugoslavia and was aimed at negotiating the end of hostilities in Croatia in late 1991. The plan proposed a ceasefire, protection of civilians in specific areas designated as United Nations Protected Areas and a United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operation in Croatia. The plan was first presented to the President of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević. Milošević found the plan wholly acceptable and promised he would ensure the leadership of the RSK eventually supported it. He endorsed the plan because it ensured the preservation of Serbian territorial gains of 1991, retained Croatian Serb administration of the areas where the peacekeepers would be deployed and allowed the JNA to shift its focus to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Vance then met Yugoslav defence minister JNA General Veljko Kadijević, who also endorsed the plan and was apparently urged by Milošević to do so. After the plan was accepted by Croatian President Franjo Tuđman, the Geneva Accord was signed by Tuđman, Milošević and Kadijević in Geneva, Switzerland, on 23 November 1991. The Accord was a precondition for the deployment of the UN peacekeeping force. It comprised four provisions; the end of the Croatian blockade of JNA barracks, the withdrawal of JNA personnel and equipment from Croatia, the implementation of a ceasefire and the facilitation of the delivery of humanitarian aid. The parties to the accord also agreed to the deployment of a UN peacekeeping mission in Croatia, which was later authorized through United Nations Security Council Resolution 721 of 27 November, following a formal request for deployment of the peacekeepers submitted by the Yugoslav government the previous day. The Vance plan was approved pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 721 as a part of the Report of the UN Secretary-General submitted on 11 December, as UN Security Council Resolution 724 of 15 December. That resolution determined that the conditions necessary to deploy the peacekeepers had not yet been met. Instead, the UN deployed 50 liaison officers to prepare the mission while fighting continued throughout 1991. The blockade of JNA barracks in HV-controlled territory remained in place until December 1991. In the final ten-day round of meetings, Vance negotiated another ceasefire agreement as a provisional arrangement backed by a deployment of UN peacekeepers to oversee it. The final obstacle to the agreement was removed when Tuđman agreed to lift the blockade of the remaining JNA barracks in HV-held territory on 25 December. This met Kadijević's conditions for the implementation of the ceasefire, and Milošević declared he had no objections to the plan on 31 December. The final agreement is known as the Vance plan, the Implementation Agreement, or the Sarajevo Agreement (). The UN deployment was made possible by the acceptance that the agreement did not represent a final political settlement and by the description of the role of the UN mission, which allowed both sides to claim it as a victory. The RSK claimed the situation allowed for the maintenance of RSK authorities until a final political settlement was reached, virtually ensuring the RSK had no incentive to negotiate. Croatians believed the UN would restore the RSK-controlled area to Croatian authority, which the UN would not attempt. After four hours of negotiations, the agreement was signed by Croatian Defence Minister Gojko Šušak and deputy commander of the JNA's 5th Military District Lieutenant Colonel General Andrija Rašeta in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, on 2 January 1992. It was the 15th ceasefire agreement signed since the start of the Croatian War of Independence on 31 March 1991. The ceasefire generally held after it took effect on 3 January at 18:00 hours. The main exception was in the Dubrovnik area, where the JNA held positions around the city of Dubrovnik and in nearby Konavle until July 1992. That area was not included in the UN peacekeeping deployment schedule. On 4 January, the Yugoslav Navy retreated from the Lora naval base near Split. On 5 January, Major General Imra Agotić, commander of the ZNG, noted 84 ceasefire violations by the Serb side. On 7 January, the Yugoslav Air Force shot down a European Community Monitor Mission helicopter. The next day, Kadijević resigned as Minister of Defence and was replaced with Colonel General Blagoje Adžić. The Vance plan was designed to stop fighting in Croatia and allow negotiations to proceed without the impact of ongoing hostilities. It offered no political solutions in advance. The plan entailed the deployment of the 10,000-strong United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to the three major conflict areas designated as UN Protected Areas (UNPAs). The plan listed specific municipalities that were to be included in each UNPA, but the exact borders of each UNPA were not", "Split. On 5 January, Major General Imra Agotić, commander of the ZNG, noted 84 ceasefire violations by the Serb side. On 7 January, the Yugoslav Air Force shot down a European Community Monitor Mission helicopter. The next day, Kadijević resigned as Minister of Defence and was replaced with Colonel General Blagoje Adžić. The Vance plan was designed to stop fighting in Croatia and allow negotiations to proceed without the impact of ongoing hostilities. It offered no political solutions in advance. The plan entailed the deployment of the 10,000-strong United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to the three major conflict areas designated as UN Protected Areas (UNPAs). The plan listed specific municipalities that were to be included in each UNPA, but the exact borders of each UNPA were not defined clearly because several municipalities were only to be partially included. The task of defining the exact borders of each UNPA was delegated to the UN liaison officers deployed in advance, in co-operation with authorities in each area. Creation of the UNPAs was necessary for acceptance of the plan by Milošević and Tuđman. The Serb-dominated authorities of Yugoslavia originally requested the deployment of a UN force along a zone between Serb and Croatian areas, reflecting the Serb desire to see the peacekeeping force securing the confrontation lines. Croatia wanted the UN force deployed along its international borders. The UNPAs served to formally satisfy both parties. UNPROFOR was tasked with creating buffer zones between the belligerents, disarming the Croatian Serb Territorial Defence Force troops, overseeing the JNA and HV withdrawal from the UNPAs, and the return of refugees to those areas. United Nations Security Council Resolution 743 of 21 February 1992 described the legal basis of the UN mission, requested and agreed upon in November 1991, with no explicit reference to Chapter VI or Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. Instead, the resolution referred to Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, which foresees enforcement through regional arrangements or agencies after further authorization by the UN Security Council. President of the RSK Milan Babić refused to endorse the plan; Milošević summoned him to Belgrade where he, Serb members of the federal presidency, JNA commanders and Bosnian Serb leaders tried to persuade Babić to change his mind in a 70-hour-long meeting. Despite failing to persuade Babić, Milošević arranged to have the RSK parliament approve the plan instead. Babić's and Milošević's supporters organized two separate, concurrent sessions of the RSK parliamenteach group proclaiming victory. On 27 February, Babić was removed as RSK president following an intervention by Milošević; he was replaced with Goran Hadžić. Babić opposed the Vance plan because he considered that acceptance of it, and the replacement of the JNA by UNPROFOR, would represent a \"de facto\" acceptance of Croatian sovereignty over the territory held by the RSK because the Vance plan treated RSK territory as part of Croatia. Croatia considered the UNPAs part of Croatia and objected to any official recognition of RSK officials within them. It feared the RSK would use the UN mission to consolidate itself within the UNPAs. The Croatian authorities considered that the only parties to the Vance Plan were the authorities in Belgrade, the UN and Croatia. Despite the Geneva Accord requiring the immediate withdrawal of JNA personnel and equipment from Croatia, the JNA remained there for another seven to eight months. When they eventually withdrew, they left their equipment to RSK forces. The 2 January ceasefire allowed the JNA to retain its positions in East and West Slavonia, which were on the brink of military collapse. As a consequence of organizational problems and breaches of the previous ceasefire agreement, the UNPROFOR did not start to arrive until 8 March and took two months to fully deploy in the UNPAs. Even though UNPROFOR had placed most of the RSK's heavy weapons in storage areas jointly controlled by the UN and the RSK by January 1993, the peacekeeping troops were unable to fulfil the provisions of the Vance plan, such as the disarmament of the RSK militia, the return of refugees, the restoration of civilian authority and establishment of an ethnically mixed police force. The RSK military was retitled as police while the ethnic cleansing of areas under its control continued unchecked. UNPROFOR was compelled to prevent the return of refugees because of poor security conditions. No attempt was made to establish an ethnically mixed police force. UNPROFOR also failed to remove RSK forces from areas outside designated UNPAs that were under RSK control when the Implementation Agreement ceasefire was signed. Those areaslater better known as the \"pink zones\" were supposed to be restored to Croatian control from the outset. Failure of this aspect of the implementation of the Vance plan made the pink zones a major source of friction between Croatia and the RSK. In 1993, Croatia launched several small-scale military operations against the RSK to seize significant local objectives and capture international attention; it was worried the situation on the ground might become permanent. In response, the RSK military retrieved their weapons from the UN/RSK-controlled storage sites, reversing the only major success of UNPROFOR. In March 1995, the UNPROFOR mission was terminated following the efforts of U.S. Ambassador Richard Holbrooke; the United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation was deployed to Croatia with a new mandate. Later that year, most of the territory controlled by the RSK was captured by the HV during Operations Flash and Storm, which was foreseen by Babić when he opposed the Vance plan in 1991. The rest of the RSK-held areas were regained by Croatia following the Erdut Agreement negotiated between Croatian and Serbian authorities on 12 November 1995 during peace talks that also produced the Dayton Agreement. Vance plan The Vance plan (, ) was a peace plan negotiated by the former United States" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Cissie and Ada Cissie and Ada, in full Cissie Braithwaite and Ada Shufflebotham or Sidebottom are two housewives from Northern England (or, more specifically, Lancashire) created and played by the comedian Les Dawson and the comic actor Roy Barraclough on television in the 1970s and 1980s. With a love of gossip, stoical pursing of lips and constantly heaved bosoms, Cissie and Ada became a hit with the British public. Dawson explained that this mouthing of words (or \"mee-mawing\") was a habit of Lancashire millworkers trying to communicate over the tremendous racket of the looms, and then resorted to in daily life for delicate subjects. The pair created the characters in rehearsals, in homage to the music hall star Norman Evans, before being persuaded by the producer to use them in sketches in the show \"Sez Les\". Although Dawson needed persuading to don drag, and Barraclough was nervous that he would not be able to match Dawson's talent for ad-libbing, the characters became permanent features of the show. The characters were revisited by the pair in a series of commercials for fresh cream cakes in 1984. In 2006, Sir Ian McKellen, writing in \"The Independent\", named them the tenth best drag act ever created, commenting that they \"were as real as the crones in the Rover's Return\". Barraclough recalled that his characterisation of Cissie \"was drawn from an aunt of mine who always thought she was slightly above the rest of the family, Auntie Annie. You know, she would always have a sherry. And the rest of the family always took the piss out of her.\" Key to Dawson's portrayal of Ada was a handbag \"tightly clutched to the waist in a manner suggesting infinite disapproval\". A planned Christmas special and a series to follow were both cancelled because of Les Dawson's death in 1993. Barraclough declared that \"it's rewarding to see Cissie and Ada have passed into comedy legend\". A new play written by Graham Warrener, (incorporating Cissie and Ada original sketches from Dawson's BBC days, written by Terry Ravenscroft), and directed by JJ (John-Jackson) Almond, \"Cissie And Ada: An Hysterical Rectomy\", began a UK tour at the Grand Theatre, Blackpool on 15 July 2013, in Les Dawson's hometown. The show starred Eric Potts as Ada/Les, Steve Nallon as Cissie/Roy, Steven Arnold as the writer and Natasha Magigi as the dresser. Cissie and Ada Cissie and Ada, in full Cissie" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Creation (Keith Jarrett album) Creation is a 2015 live album by American pianist and composer Keith Jarrett. Music was selected and sequenced by Keith Jarrett from his improvised solo concerts in Japan, Canada, and Europe in April–July 2014.\" Cormack Larkin of \"The Irish Times\" noted: \"Even so, it's four years since his last solo release, the joyously exuberant Rio. This latest is more subdued, a selection of sometimes brooding but occasionally sublime ruminations, culled from live performances around the world in 2014, amounting to an unintended suite many Romantic-era classical composers would have been happy to have written.\" John Fordham of \"The Guardian\" wrote: \"In its pensive melodies and post-Romantic chord voicings, Creation is a very different proposition to the jubilant Rio. It comprises selections from six different 2014 concert performances in four cities, reordered to make a nine-part suite that sounds like a free-flowing single work. Some sections unfold as treble ripples turning to ballad-like songs, while glimpses of gospel chord-changes surface and then evaporate, and rolling, low-register ostinatos gently modulate. It's dark, and sometimes melancholy, but as usual with Jarrett, full of improvised motifs that suggest long-forgotten songs. ECM are simultaneously releasing a set of Jarrett's classical interpretations of music by Samuel Barber and Bartók\". Creation (Keith Jarrett album) Creation is a 2015 live album by American pianist and composer Keith Jarrett. Music was selected and sequenced by Keith Jarrett from his improvised solo concerts in Japan, Canada, and Europe in April–July 2014.\" Cormack Larkin of \"The Irish Times\" noted: \"Even so, it's four years since his last solo release, the joyously exuberant Rio. This latest is more subdued, a selection of sometimes brooding but occasionally sublime ruminations, culled from live performances around the world in 2014, amounting to an unintended suite many Romantic-era classical composers would have" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Raid on Pebble Island The Raid on Pebble Island was a raid by British Special Forces on Pebble Island's airfield during the Falklands War, and took place on the night of 14–15 May 1982. Pebble Island is one of the smaller Falkland Islands, lying north of West Falkland. The site was being used as a forward operating base for T-34 Mentor and Pucara aircraft by the Argentine Air Force; British Special Air Service (SAS) operatives were tasked with destroying the aircraft on the ground, in an operation that echoed back to some of the unit's first missions during the North African Campaign of World War II. Immediately after the Argentinians had seized the Falkland Islands they established a small airbase, Aeródromo Auxiliar Calderón, on Pebble Island (Argentine name: isla Borbón) using the local airstrip on which were based Argentine Air Force's FMA IA 58 Pucará and some Argentine Naval Aviation's T-34 Mentor light ground attack aircraft. Reconnaissance by these aircraft could have compromised the Royal Navy's manoeuvres before its intended landing on East Falkland. SAS elements, then embarked on HMS \"Hermes\", were tasked with eliminating the threat, with naval support from the Type 22 frigate HMS \"Broadsword\" as \"Hermes\"' defensive escort and the County class destroyer HMS \"Glamorgan\" to provide naval gunfire support with its Mark 6 4.5 inch guns. The Naval Gunfire Support Forward Observer (NGSFO) who was responsible for co-ordinating the naval gunfire support was Captain Chris Brown RA of 148 Battery 29 Commando Regiment Royal Artillery. Initial intentions were for a squadron strength air insertion from \"Hermes\" using personnel from D Squadron, 22 Regiment. The raiding party would destroy the deployed aircraft, radar site, ground crew and the force protection garrison before helicopter exfiltration to return to the deck before daybreak. Reconnaissance for the raid was conducted by personnel from the Boat Troop of D Squadron, conducting an infiltration by Klepper canoe. The patrol found that strong headwinds would increase the time taken to fly in from \"Hermes\" launch point, delaying time on target and reducing the available offensive window to thirty minutes, rather than the planned ninety. In light of this information the planning emphasised the importance of destroying the aircraft as a priority, with support personnel as a secondary priority. During the night of 14 May, two Westland Sea King HC4 helicopters of 846 Naval Air Squadron, part of the Commando Helicopter Force, departed with 45 members of D Squadron on board. The delivery point was from the airstrip on Pebble Island. Mountain Troop was tasked with the destruction of the Argentine aircraft, while the remaining personnel acted as a protection force, securing approaches to the airstrip, and forming an operational reserve. The raiding party unloaded over 100 L16 81mm Mortar bombs, explosive charges, and Rocket 66mm HEAT L1A1 Light Anti-tank Weapons to carry into the engagement zone from the helicopters, with each man in the raiding party carrying at least two mortar bombs. For small arms, M16 rifles were used, some with underslung M203 grenade launchers. Approach navigation was conducted by a member of the Boat Troop who had carried out the reconnaissance. As the raiding party approached the target they spotted an Argentine sentry but were not seen, allowing them to enter the target and lay charges on seven of the aircraft. Once all the aircraft had been prepared the raiding team opened fire on the aircraft with small arms and L1A1 rockets. All of the aircraft were damaged, with some having their undercarriages shot away. Following this cue \"Glamorgan\" began shelling the Argentine positions on the airfield using high-explosive rounds, hitting the ammunition dump and fuel stores. The defending force did not engage until the entire raiding party had re-grouped and were preparing to move out. One British soldier was hit and wounded while the raiding party returned fire using small arms and M203 grenade launchers, resulting in the death of the Argentine commanding officer (according to British assessments) and the suppression of any defensive effort. The Argentine version states that their marines remained in shelters during the shelling by \"Glamorgan\", so they were unable to face the SAS in combat. The British wounded were the result of shrapnel from exploding charges settled by the Argentines under the airstrip in order to deny its use to the enemy. The blasts were triggered in the belief that the operation was a full-scale assault to take over the air base. The wounded man was hauled back to the recovery site with the raiding party reaching the aircraft by the required time for transportation back to \"Hermes\" before daybreak. The decision was made to proceed with exfiltration rather than returning to attack the defending force. Assets destroyed during the raid totalled: The raid was considered a complete success, reminiscent of the type of operation carried out by the SAS in the Second World War. One of the officers involved, Captain Hamilton, was later killed in another SAS action near Port Howard. The Argentine forces continued occupying the position until they were evacuated later in the war, the last troops were recovered on 1 June 1982 by two Argentine Navy Sea King helicopters. Raid on Pebble Island The Raid on Pebble Island was a raid by British Special Forces on Pebble Island's airfield during the Falklands War, and took place on the night of 14–15 May 1982. Pebble Island is one of the smaller Falkland Islands," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Andrey Korolev Andrey Aleksandrovich Korolev (; 1944, Bern – 1999, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian philologist, PhD, a scholar in Indo-European and Oriental studies. His main works concerned Celtic and Hittite and other languages of Asia Minor. Born in a diplomatic family, he was a fluent speaker of English and German since he was a child. He worked at the department of Germanic and Celtic languages of the Institute of Linguistics (Russian Academy of Sciences) and taught at the Russian State University for the Humanities. Through his great learning and talent for languages he became one of the first Russian scholars in two particularly difficult disciplines of Indo-European studies, dedicating himself to the Celtic and ancient languages of Asia Minor. He was also an expert in the broader questions of Indo-European linguistics and culture. His best known books are “Drevnejšie pamjatniki irlandskogo jazyka” (Древнейшие памятники ирландского языка, The oldest monuments of the Irish language) (Moscow, 1984, 2nd ed. 2003), containing the full corpus of the Ogham inscriptions, known at that time, and “Vvedenie v keltologiju” (Введение в кельтлогию, Introduction toCeltic studies (in collaboration with Viktor Kalygin)) (Moscow 1989; 2nd ed. 2006). His modest position and the limited number of publications do not represent the true scope of Korolev, who was, in many scholars’ opinion, one of the best experts in Indo-European linguistics not only in Russia, but in the world as well. The realization of his brilliant potential was impeded by the difficulties of life and his untimely death. Andrey Korolev Andrey Aleksandrovich Korolev (; 1944, Bern – 1999, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian philologist, PhD, a scholar in Indo-European and Oriental studies. His main works concerned Celtic and Hittite and other languages of Asia Minor. Born in a diplomatic family, he was a fluent speaker of English" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Electrical wiring in North America Electrical wiring in North America follows regulations and standards for installation of building wiring which ultimately provides mains electricity. Although much of the electrician's field terminology matches that of the electrical codes, usages can vary: The National Electrical Code (NEC) specifies acceptable wiring methods and materials for many states and municipalities in the U.S. It is sponsored by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and has been periodically revised since 1897. Local jurisdictions usually adopt the NEC or another published code and then distribute documents describing how local codes vary from the published codes. Governments cannot distribute the NEC itself for copyright reasons, though parts that have been adopted into law are not subject to copyright. The purpose of the NEC is to protect persons and property from hazards arising from the use of electricity. The NEC is not any jurisdiction's electrical code per se; rather, it is an influential work of standards that local legislators (e.g., city council members, state legislators, etc. as appropriate) tend to use as a guide when enacting local electrical codes. The NFPA states that excerpts quoted from the National Electrical Code must have a disclaimer indicating that the excerpt is not the complete and authoritative position of the NFPA and that the original NEC document must be consulted as the definitive reference. New construction, additions or major modifications must follow the relevant code for that jurisdiction, which is not necessarily the latest version of the NEC. Regulations in each jurisdiction will indicate when a change to an existing installation is so great that it must then be rebuilt to comply with the current electrical code. Generally existing installations are not required to be changed to meet new codes. Other code requirements vary by jurisdiction in the United States. In many areas, a homeowner, for example, can perform household wiring for a building which the owner occupies; this may even be complete wiring of a home. A few cities have more restrictive rules and require electrical installations to be done by licensed electricians. The work will be inspected by a designated authority at several stages before permission is obtained to energize the wiring from the local electric utility; the inspector may be an employee of the state or city, or an employee of an electrical supply utility. For electrical wiring in Canada, the Canadian Electrical Code is a very similar standard published in Canada by the Canadian Standards Association since 1927. For residential wiring, some basic rules given in the NEC are: The foregoing is just a brief overview and must not be used as a substitute for the actual National Electrical Code. Electrical wiring practices developed in parallel in many countries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As a result, national and regional variations developed and remain in effect. (see National Electrical Code, electrical wiring, electrical wiring in the United Kingdom). Some of these are retained for technical reasons, since the safety of wiring systems depends not only on the wiring code but also on the technical standards for wiring devices, materials, and equipment. Grounding (earthing) of distribution circuits is a notable difference in practice between wiring systems of the United States and those of other regions. Since the early 1960s, wiring in new construction has required a separate grounding conductor used to bond (electrically connect) all normally non-current carrying parts of an electrical installation. Portable appliances with metal cases also have a bonding conductor in the flexible cable and plug connecting them to the distribution system. The circuit return conductor (\"neutral\") is also connected to ground at the service entrance panel only; no other connections from neutral to ground are allowed, unlike regulations in some other parts of the world. Lighting and power receptacle circuits in North American systems are typically radial from a distribution panel containing circuit breakers to protect each branch circuit. The smallest branch circuit rating is 15 amperes, used for general purpose receptacles and lighting. Often, 20 ampere circuits are used for general purpose receptacles and lighting. In residential construction, branch circuits for higher ratings are usually dedicated to one appliance, for example, fixed cooking appliances, electric clothes dryers, and air conditioners. Lighting and general purpose receptacles are at 120 volts AC, with larger devices fed by three wire single-phase circuits at 240 volts. In commercial construction, three-phase circuits are used. Generally, receptacles are fed by 120 V or 208 V (in place of 240 V in a house), and can include special current rated outlets for industrial equipment. Lighting is usually fed by 277 V (with exception for special-use lights that use 120 V). Equipment can be hard-wired into the building using either 120/208 V or 277/480 V. Countries such as Mexico may adopt the NFPA standard as their national electrical code, with local amendments similar to those in United States jurisdictions. The Canadian Electrical Code, while developed independently from the NFPA code, is similar in scope and intent to the US NEC, with only minor variations in technical requirement details; harmonization of the CEC and NEC codes is intended to facilitate free trade between the two countries. Most circuits in the modern North American home and light commercial construction are wired with non-metallic sheathed (NM) cable designated type. This type of cable is the least expensive for a given size and is appropriate for dry indoor applications. The designation NM XX-Y indicates, respectively, the type of sheathing (in this case, non-metallic), the size of the main conductors, and the total number of circuit conductors (exclusive of the grounding conductor). For example, NM 14-2 cable contains three conductors (two plus one ground) at 14 gauge, a size typically used for circuits protected at 15 amperes. Circuits with larger currents (such as for electric furnaces, water heaters, air conditioners, or sub-mains to additional circuit panels) will have larger conductors. Not all US jurisdictions permit use of non-metallic sheathed cable. The NEC does not permit use of NM cable in large, fire-resistant, or high-rise structures. In type NM cable, conductor insulation is color-coded for identification, typically one black, one white, and a bare grounding conductor. The National Electrical Code (NEC) specifies that the black conductor represent the \"hot\" conductor, with significant voltage to earth ground; the white conductor represent the identified or neutral conductor, near ground potential; and the bare/green conductor, the safety grounding conductor not normally used to carry circuit current. Wires may be re-colored, so these rules are commonly excepted. In 240-volt applications not requiring a neutral conductor, the white wire may be used as the second hot conductor, but must be recolored with tape or by some other method. Four-wire flexible equipment connection cords have red as the fourth color; unlike older European practices, color-coding in flexible cords is the same as for fixed wiring. In commercial and industrial, unenclosed NM cable is often prohibited in certain areas or altogether (depending on what the building is used for and local/state building codes). Therefore, it is almost never used by commercial electrical contractors. Most wiring is put in non-flexible conduit, usually EMT because of its cost and durability. Rigid may be required for certain areas and additionally, vapor-lock fittings may be required in areas where a fire or explosion hazard is present (such as gas stations, chemical factories, grain silos, etc.) PVC can be used where wire is run underground or where concrete will be poured. A duct", "equipment connection cords have red as the fourth color; unlike older European practices, color-coding in flexible cords is the same as for fixed wiring. In commercial and industrial, unenclosed NM cable is often prohibited in certain areas or altogether (depending on what the building is used for and local/state building codes). Therefore, it is almost never used by commercial electrical contractors. Most wiring is put in non-flexible conduit, usually EMT because of its cost and durability. Rigid may be required for certain areas and additionally, vapor-lock fittings may be required in areas where a fire or explosion hazard is present (such as gas stations, chemical factories, grain silos, etc.) PVC can be used where wire is run underground or where concrete will be poured. A duct bank is usually made of multiple PVC conduits encased in concrete. FMC or Flex is used where EMT or other non-flexible conduit is impractical or for short runs, known as \"whips\", to lights or other devices. For power circuits, the color-coding uses the same colors as residential construction, and adds the additional wires used for three-phase systems. Black, Red and Blue are used for hot wires and White is used as the neutral wire in a 120/208 V circuit. Brown, Orange and Yellow are used as hot wires and gray is used as the neutral wire in a 277/480 V. For grounding, regardless of the voltage, Green is used. Several other types of wiring systems are used for building wiring in the United States; these include corrugated metal armored cable, mineral-insulated cable, other types of power cable, and various types of electrical conduit. In industrial applications cables may be laid in cable trays. Cable type TC is especially intended for use in tray systems. Special wiring rules apply to wet or corrosive locations, and to locations which present an explosion hazard. Wiring materials for use in the United States must generally be made and tested to product standards set by NEMA and Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and must bear approval marks such as those set by UL. Approved wiring types can vary by jurisdiction. Not all wiring methods approved in the NEC are accepted in all areas of the United States. Wire types for North American wiring practices are defined by standards issued by Underwriters Laboratories, the Canadian Standards Association, the American Society for Testing and Materials, the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, and the Insulated Cable Engineers Association. XHHW stands for \"XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) High Heat-resistant Water-resistant.\" XHHW is a designation for a specific insulation material, temperature rating, and condition of use (suitable for wet locations) for electrical wire and cable. Wires with XHHW insulation are commonly used in the alternating current (AC) electrical distribution systems of commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings and installations, usually at voltage levels (potential difference or electromotive force) ranging from 110-600 volts. This type of insulation is used for both copper and aluminum conductors which are either solid or stranded, depending on size. According to Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standard 44, XHHW insulation is suitable for use in dry locations up to 90°C (194°F), or wet locations up to 75°C (167°F). XHHW-2 insulation, which is similar to XHHW, is suitable for use in dry or wet locations up to 90°C (194°F). THWN stands for \"Thermoplastic Heat and Water-resistant Nylon-coated.\" THWN is a designation for a specific insulation material, temperature rating, and condition of use (wet locations) for electrical wire and cable. THHN stands for \"Thermoplastic High Heat-resistant Nylon-coated.\" THHN is a designation for a specific insulation material, temperature rating, and condition of use (suitable for dry and damp locations) for electrical wire and cable. Wire with THWN or THHN insulation is commonly used in the AC electrical distribution systems throughout North America, usually at voltage levels from 110 to 600 volts. This type of insulation is used for both copper and aluminum conductors which are either solid or stranded, depending on size. Many wires are rated both THWN and THHN, and are suitable for use in dry locations up to 90°C (194°F), or wet locations up to 75°C (167°F). Electrical wiring in North America Electrical wiring in North America follows" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Israelite Central Consistory of France The Israelite Central Consistory of France () is an institution set up by Napoleon I by the Imperial Decree of 17 March 1808 to administer Jewish worship and congregations in France. He also directed the establishment of regional Israelite Consistories, subordinate to the Central Consistory, across France. The consistories were ranked as \"établissements publics du culte\" (public-law corporations of cult). Given Napoleon's political emancipation of the Jews, he wanted a representative body that could deal with his government. Following the separation of religion and state in 1905, the Israelite consistories lost their public-law status. Jewish congregations of France developed Jewish liturgical associations under an umbrella organisation called the Union of Jewish Congregations of France (Union des Communautés juives de France). It retained the name of Central Consistory for its executive body. The 12 members of the Central Consistory elect the Chief Rabbi of France. In the 21st century, France has the third-largest Jewish congregation after Israel and the United States. Israelite Central Consistory of France The Israelite Central Consistory of France () is an institution set up by Napoleon I by the Imperial Decree of 17 March 1808 to administer Jewish worship and congregations in" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Baale language The Baale language, \"Baleesi\" or \"Baalesi\", is an Eastern Sudanic language of Ethiopia and South Sudan, spoken by the Baale or Zilmamo people of Ethiopia, and by the Kachepo of South Sudan. It is a member of the Surmic cluster and is also known as Suri, evoking an ethnonym that embraces the Tirma, Chai (or T'id), and Baale communities. There are currently 9,000 native speakers of Baleesi, 5,000 in South Sudan and in Ethiopia; almost all of these are monolingual. Baleesi can be alternately referred to as Baalesi, Baale, Bale, Baaye, Dok, Kacipo-Balesi, Kachepo, Silmamo, Tsilmano, Zelmamu, Zilmamu and Zulmamu. There are no known dialects of Baleesi, but it is closely related to the Didinga-Murle cluster, which consists of Didinga, Tennet, and Larim in Sudan, and Murle in both Sudan and Ethiopia. It shares 40%-54% lexical similarity with Murle and 35% lexical similarity with Mursi. It is spoken in Rumeat, Upper Boma, and Mewun villages, Pibor County, Boma State, located near the Ethiopian border. It is also spoken in the northwestern corner of East Equatoria State. The Baleesi counting system is based on twenty and uses the same quinary system as does the Didinga-Murle cluster. The word for \"1,000\" literally means \"plenty,\" and everything greater than 100 is referred to as \"a lot.\" While the Tirma, Chai, and Baale people form an ethnic unit called Suri, sharing similar age-set systems, common ceremonies, and material cultures, their languages are only distantly related. There is no known writing system for Baleesi and it is regarded as an unwritten language. The language status is classified as vigorous, meaning that it is unstandardized and in use by all ages. However, it may still be considered an endangered language due to the relatively small population of native speakers in existence. The Baale have a positive attitude towards their language, and use it in most areas of life besides the market. Some Baale people can speak Tirma or Chai along with Baleesi, and a few also speak Dizi or Amharic. Speakers of Baleesi include non-native individuals as well. In Jeba town, there are Dizi people who speak Baleesi as a second language, and often serve as intermediaries between local or regional traders and the Baale people when they come to the market. The literacy rate of both first-language and second-language speakers is below 1%. The Baale share many aspects of culture with their fellow Suri people. For example, a practice common among the tribes of the Surma (including the Baale), is the insertion of a clay plate into the bottom lip of young girls and women. Another ritual the Suri take part in is called the Donga, which involves champions of teams from different clans and villages fighting in pairs using long wooden sticks. The ritual is used as a way to resolve conflicts on either an individual or higher level. Baale language The Baale language, \"Baleesi\" or \"Baalesi\", is an Eastern Sudanic language of Ethiopia and South Sudan, spoken by the Baale or" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "All Nations University All Nations University was founded by Rev. Dr. Samuel Donkor in Ghana. It began with 37 students in October 2002 and has now expanded to over 3000 students. It became an accredited university in Ghana in October 2005. The university is affiliated to Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology and in collaboration with SRM Institute of Science and Technology (India). The University offers undergraduate programmes in Oil and Gas Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Computer Science (Hons.), Electronics, Communications Engineering, Entrepreneurship, Human Resource Management, Finance & Finance, Accounting and Marketing as well as Nursing and Biblical Studies. In July 2017, GhanaSat-1, Ghana's first satellite in space was launched from the International Space Station. GhanaSat-1 was designed, assembled, and tested by three students from the university. The project was supported by Kyushu Institute of Technology (KIT) as part of the Joint Global Multi-Nation Birds Satellite project, which is a cross-border interdisciplinary satellite project for non-space faring countries supported by Japan. The satellite launch was broadcast live and watched by over 400 people at All Nations University. All Nations University All Nations University was founded by Rev. Dr. Samuel Donkor in Ghana. It began with 37 students in" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "George Curtis (Union spy) George Curtis was a resident of New York at the beginning of the Civil War and joined a New York infantry regiment. He then became a Pinkerton agent, and a Union spy. He was selected in 1862 to obtain information from Richmond. He made his way to the Confederate capital as a contraband merchant selling gun caps, ammunition, and the much needed quinine. The day after reaching Virginia he was taken to the Confederate lines and to an audience with Major General A. P. Hill. General Hill gave him a pass to go on to Richmond and also asked Curtis if he would carry some dispatches as well. Curtis gladly agreed to carry out his request. When Curtis reached Richmond he was introduced to Confederate Secretary of War Judah Benjamin where he negotiated for the delivery of his contraband goods and received a pass to move in and out of Richmond freely. Throughout the war Curtis was asked to, and did, carry dispatches to Confederate General John B. Magruder. But before they reached General Magruder they were taken by Mr. Bangs, Pinkerton's supervisor for field agents. There they were copied before continuing on to General Magruder. Curtis was never suspected for a spy, he was never arrested. He worked as a contraband merchant for the duration of the war, never once was he suspected of carrying important information to the Union forces. George Curtis (Union spy) George Curtis was a resident of New York at the beginning of the Civil War and joined a New York infantry regiment. He then became a Pinkerton agent, and a Union spy. He was selected in 1862 to obtain information from Richmond. He made his way to the Confederate capital as a contraband merchant selling gun caps, ammunition, and the" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Stylidium simulans Stylidium simulans is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus \"Stylidium\" (family Stylidiaceae) that was described by Sherwin Carlquist in 1979. It is an erect annual plant that grows from 7 to 11 cm tall. Orbicular leaves, about 4-10 per plant, form basal rosettes. The leaves are generally 3-5.5 mm long and 1.5-3.5 mm wide. This species generally has one or two scapes and cymose inflorescences that are 7–11 cm long. Flowers are pale pink or mauve. \"S. simulans\" is endemic to the Arnhem Land plateau in the Northern Territory of Australia, but not much more is known about its distribution as it is only known from around its type location. Its reported habitat is in shallow sandy soils on a sandstone plateau. It flowers in the southern hemisphere in June. \"S. simulans\" is closely related to \"S. accedens\". Its conservation status has been assessed as data deficient. Stylidium simulans Stylidium simulans is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the genus \"Stylidium\" (family Stylidiaceae) that was described by Sherwin Carlquist in 1979. It is an erect annual plant that grows from 7 to 11 cm tall. Orbicular leaves, about 4-10 per plant, form basal rosettes. The leaves" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Troarn Abbey Troarn Abbey (\"abbaye Saint-Martin de Troarn\") was a Benedictine abbey in the French town of Troarn, now in the Calvados department of Lower Normandy. It was dedicated to Martin of Tours and founded by Roger I of Montgomery using twelve monks from Fécamp Abbey in 1022, as a satellite of that house. Around 1050 Roger II of Montgommery replaced this establishment with an independent Benedictine monastery. Its first church was dedicated in 1059. Roger II granted the monastery lands around Troarn, including the marshes and a series of parish churches, whilst his wife Mabille of Bellême granted it all the parish churches in Séez and William I of England added everything he had granted Mabille in England. Between the Norman conquest of England and 1086 it was granted Horsley Priory in Gloucestershire as a satellite of its own - it held onto it until 1260, when it exchanged it with Bruton Priory in Somerset for lands in Normandy. Troarn became the second most important abbey in the Diocese of Bayeux after the Abbey of Saint-Étienne in Caen. It housed forty monks by the 13th century, who played a major part in reclaiming the Dives marshes and developing the pastures of the Auge valley and the vines in the countryside around Caen. It was sold by the French Revolutionary government in 1792 and the church and cloister were demolished. It was classed as a historic monument on 30 April 1921. Troarn Abbey Troarn Abbey (\"abbaye Saint-Martin de Troarn\") was a Benedictine abbey in the French town of Troarn, now in the Calvados department of Lower Normandy. It was dedicated to Martin of Tours and founded by Roger I of Montgomery using twelve monks from Fécamp Abbey in 1022, as a satellite of that house. Around 1050 Roger II of" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Prayers of Kierkegaard Prayers of Kierkegaard is an extended one-movement cantata written by Samuel Barber between 1942 and 1954. The piece has four main subdivisions and is based on prayers by Søren Kierkegaard. It is written for chorus, large orchestra, soprano solo and incidental tenor and alto solos. Samuel Barber began writing the \"Prayers of Kierkegaard\" with the commission of the Koussevitzky Music Foundation in 1942, but because of World War II and other interruptions, only completed the work 12 years later. It was premiered on December 3, 1954 by the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the Cecilia Society Chorus, and soprano Leontyne Price, with Charles Munch conducting. Samuel Barber chose a selection of prayers by philosopher and theologian Søren Kierkegaard derived from his \"Journals\" as well as his books \"The Unchangeableness of God\" and \"Christian Discourses\". These works were harsh discourses of the vague practices of the Danish church, and were a direct reflection of Barber's orthodox Presbyterian-Quaker background. In direct correlation with his \"Hermit Songs\" (1953), Barber began to use sacred texts to show the realistic but extremely hopeful outlook of American Christianity, especially the Protestantism of this period. Barber once said when speaking about the piece, \"One finds here three basic truths: imagination, dialectic, and religious melancholy. The truth Søren Kierkegaard sought after was a truth which was a truth for me.\" \"Prayers of Kierkegaard\" is an unequivocal religious statement that Samuel Barber divided into four distinct parts, each representing a different prayer. The first section speaks of “God the Unchangeable” and begins in an unaccompanied chant performed by unaccompanied male voices in a Gregorian chant style. It then continues with the orchestra responding to the chant in imitative counterpoint until the chorus and orchestra join in climax on the words \"Thou Art Unchanging\", repeating the theme of the text. In the second section, which is recited in the first person, the soprano solo receives the melody from an oboe solo. This minimalism, however, is changed in the third section that reflects Russian chorus writing in the thickness of the lines. This prayer grows in both the chorus and the orchestra, until it expands into a dance which ends with the \"sempre forte\" \"Father In Heaven\" by the chorus. This is one of Samuel Barber's most personal works and \"the prayers Barber chose to set were taken from Kierkegaard’s journals and sermons, and reflect both Kierkegaard’s and Barber’s belief in the power of God’s redemption through affirmative human deeds and personal self-awareness.\" Prayers of Kierkegaard Prayers of Kierkegaard is an extended one-movement cantata written by Samuel Barber between 1942 and 1954. The piece has four main subdivisions and is based on prayers by Søren Kierkegaard. It is written for chorus, large orchestra, soprano solo and incidental tenor and alto solos. Samuel Barber began writing the \"Prayers of Kierkegaard\" with the commission of the Koussevitzky Music Foundation in 1942, but because of World War II and other interruptions, only completed the work 12 years later. It was premiered on December" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "INS Mahé INS \"Mahé\" an Indian Naval minesweeper, named after a former French colony Mahé in the west coast of India commissioned in 1983. She remained in service until decommissioned at Naval Base, Kochi on 15 May 2006. The Ship was commissioned by Vice Admiral K. K. Nayyar, the then Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Naval Command, on 16 May 1983 at Kochi. She was decommissioned at Kochi Naval Base in the presence of Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Southern Naval Command, Vice Admiral Jagjit Singh Bedi. With the sounding of the 'Last post', the paying off pennant was hauled down to an end her 24 years of commission in the Indian naval service. The Admiral inspected a 50-man guard of honor and Lt Cdr Boyiri Varma, the last commanding officer of INS Mahé, delivered the pre-decommissioning speech. At sunset, the Color Guard presented arms as the National Flag and the Naval Ensign were hauled down. INS Mahé INS \"Mahé\" an Indian Naval minesweeper, named after a former French colony Mahé in the west coast of India commissioned in 1983. She remained in service until decommissioned at Naval Base, Kochi on 15 May 2006. The Ship was commissioned by Vice Admiral K." ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Autoschizis \"Autoschizis\" is a term derived from the Greek αὐτο- \"auto-\", meaning \"self\", and σχίζειν \"skhizein\", \"to split\". It was introduced in 1998 to describe a novel form of cancer cell death characterized by a reduction in cell size that occurs due to the loss of cytoplasm through self-excision (the cell splits open) without the loss of cell organelles, morphologic degradation of the cells nucleus and nucleolus without the formation of apoptotic bodies and destruction of the cell membrane. The cell death results from karyorrhexis and karyolysis. Autoschizis can be initiated via in vivo treatment with vitamin C (VC), synthetic vitamin K (VK3) or, better, a combination of both. The treatment has been tested on various types of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo with positive results. Autoschizis \"Autoschizis\" is a term derived from the Greek αὐτο- \"auto-\", meaning \"self\", and σχίζειν \"skhizein\", \"to split\". It was introduced in 1998 to describe a novel form of cancer cell death characterized by a reduction in cell size that occurs due to the loss of cytoplasm through self-excision (the cell splits open) without the loss of cell organelles, morphologic degradation of the cells nucleus and nucleolus without the formation of apoptotic" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Anolis grahami Anolis grahami, commonly called Graham's anole, the Jamaican anole or the turquoise anole, is a common species of anole lizard that is endemic to the island of Jamaica, although it has been introduced to Bermuda. It is one of seven anole species found on Jamaica. The specific name, \"grahami\", is in honor of Colonel James Duncan Graham (1799-1865) of the United States Army Corps of Topographical Engineers. The upper body of \"Anolis grahami\" is usually a rich emerald or aquamarine while its trunk and legs are a bright deep blue. It has a bright orange dewlap. The first half of the tail is a deep blue, while the lower half is brilliant violet. Its underside is usually a light blue gray. Occasionally, especially in females and younger individuals, these colors may be somewhat muted, though still quite gaudy. Fully grown males can be exceptionally colorful; occasionally a pure turquoise blue lizard may be observed. Mature male \"Anolis grahami\" can grow to a total length of 16 centimetres (6.3 in) and a snout-vent length (SVL) of 8 cm (3.1 in); females are smaller than males. During confrontations over territory or when threatened males may raise a small dorsal crest atop their heads. Under the anole's skin are pigment cells called chromatophores responsible for its usual coloration. Underneath these pigment cells are specialized pigment cells called melanocytes which contain the pigment melanin, in response to changes in the lizards hormones these cells can expand and mask the ordinary pigment cells, resulting in a change to a darker coloration, thus the anole is capable of changing its hue from bright blue, to varying shades of brown or almost completely black when stressed.often the end of the tail,and sometimes the trunk,remains colored during a color change.These lizards also have the ability to change the color of only one half of their bodies. \"Anolis grahami\" is widespread across the island of Jamaica, where it can be found in all fourteen of the Jamaican parishes. The population of \"A. grahami\" is most diluted in the southern regions of the parishes of St. Catherine, Clarendon, and Manchester, though some \"A. grahami\" may be observed there too. On Jamaica only the endemic \"Anolis lineatopus\" is more widely distributed among the indigenous lizards and the lizards may be found in mountainous regions as well as lowlands. On Bermuda \"Anolis grahami\" is an introduced species and the first of three \"Anolis\" species to be introduced to the island. Before the introduction of \"A. grahami\", the Bermuda rock skink (\"Plestiodon longirostris\") was the only lizard found on the island, but the Graham's anole is now the most widespread of the Bermudian lizards. Seventy-one \"A. grahami\" were introduced to the island in 1905 by a former agricultural director into a botanical garden with the intention of controlling the fruit fly population. Now it is out-competing the indigenous rock skink. \"Anolis grahami\" is listed as least concern by the IUCN. \"Anolis grahami\" is highly arboreal and may be found in the uppermost branches of trees throughout its range. It is also common to see it on the trunks of tall trees, as well in shrubbery, on fence posts, the walls of houses, and other man made objects. Due to its arboreal habits, this lizard can be quite difficult to observe in its natural habitat but is actually usually quite common across its range. This species fills a similar niche to \"Anolis lineatopus\" on Jamaica, where the two species are often in direct competition. In areas where the two species occur together \"A. lineatopus\" is commonly seen on the trunks and lower branches of trees, which are its preferred habitat, while \"A. grahami\" is often found in the treetops; this is similar to the relationship between \" Anolis sagrei\" and \"Anolis carolinensis\" in North America. Like all \"Anolis\" species Graham's anole is highly territorial. When confronted by another male, a male Graham's anole will extend its bright orange dewlap and bob its head and abdomen up and down as if doing push-ups;if the intruding male does not withdraw then a chase will ensue and if one lizard is not chased away then a fight may occur. The victor gains rights to the territory. Their territorial threat display is also used by male lizards to attract females. The reproductive habits of this species are not very well studied. The breeding season is believed to be from April to September. They lay their eggs in secluded places such as crevices inside decomposing logs or inside holes in the trunks of trees. Usually upwards of two small white eggs are laid. Like most small lizards, Graham's anole has a wide range of predators, ranging from birds and cats to larger lizard species, including larger Graham's anoles. When it has sensed oncoming danger, the lizard's first reaction is to flee, usually upwards into the trees. If the lizard is captured or confronted, its first reaction will be to change its color from bright green to brown or black, indicating stress. It will also open its mouth and gape at the attacker while extending its dewlap in an attempt to intimidate its captor. If the lizard is picked up or handled, it may urinate on its captor in an attempt to discourage it. It may also bite, though its teeth are not large enough for it to pose any real danger to humans. Like most lizards, these anoles possess autotomic tails. If the lizard is captured or pursued, the end portion of the tail may break off and continue to move for several minutes, hopefully distracting its attacker and giving the lizard enough time to escape. Given time, the dislocated portion of the tail may be replaced by a stiff, cartilaginous rod. Like most anoles these lizards are ambush predators which prefer to sit and wait for prey and then capture it in quick bursts of speed. They will take prey including small arboreal insects such as butterflies or dragonflies. They will also take prey closer to the ground such as cockroaches or houseflies. This anole has been observed presumably feeding on the nectar of blossoms. Two subspecies are recognized, including the nominotypical subspecies. Anolis grahami Anolis grahami, commonly called Graham's anole, the Jamaican anole or the turquoise anole, is a common species of anole lizard that is endemic to the island of Jamaica, although it has been introduced to Bermuda. It is one of seven anole species found on Jamaica. The specific name, \"grahami\", is in honor of Colonel James Duncan Graham (1799-1865) of the United States Army Corps of Topographical Engineers. The upper body of" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Jim Gerlach James Gerlach (born February 25, 1955) is the former U.S. Representative for , serving from 2003 to 2015. He is a member of the Republican Party. Gerlach retired from Congress after completing his sixth term. Gerlach was born in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania to Helen Lorraine (née Fitzgerald) and Jack Allen Gerlach. His father was killed by a drunk driver when he was five years old, leaving his mother to raise three children on her own. He graduated from Dickinson College where he became a member of the Sigma Chi Fraternity and the Raven's Claw Honorary Society, with a B.A. in Political Science. He also earned his law degree from Dickinson School of Law in 1980. During law school, Gerlach worked as a legislative aide in the Pennsylvania State Senate. In 1985, Gerlach moved back to Ellwood City and worked at the Butler law firm Lindsey & Lutz. In 1986, he challenged Frank LaGrotta in the race for state representative but lost. In 1987, he returned to Chester County to work for the Lamb, Windle & McErlane law firm in West Chester, whose senior partner was then-Chester County Republican Chairman William Lamb. In preparation for the 1990 election against long time Democratic State Rep. Sam Morris, Gerlach visited 10,000 homes in the 155th District of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, building his campaign around what he saw as the incumbent's inattentiveness to suburban sprawl. According to a local newspaper, the Daily Local News, Gerlach charged that his opponent was \"out of touch\" with his constituency. Gerlach proposed expanding open-space preservation by using zoning laws to encourage developers to incorporate open space into development projects, along with the creation of environmental protection authorities. During the election, Gerlach's Democratic opponents accused the Western Pennsylvania native of moving to Chester County for the sole purpose of running against Morris. Gerlach denied that accusation and said he moved to Chester County because he and his wife saw it as \"a great place to work and raise our kids.\" He ultimately defeated Morris by only 23 votes out of 17,000 cast. He was reelected in 1992 with 64 percent of the vote. Gerlach was elected to the Pennsylvania State Senate in 1994, with 67 percent of the vote, in the newly re-formed 44th district. He defeated Democrat Barry Robertson (whose campaign was heavily funded by Sam Morris, Gerlach's opponent four years earlier) in that election, and was re-elected in 1998 without opposition. While in the State Senate, he helped change the state's welfare laws. While in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and Pennsylvania Senate, Gerlach worked to sponsor legislation making it easier for the commonwealth's patchwork of municipalities to work together to preserve open space. Gov. Tom Ridge signed Gerlach's legislation into law in 2000. Gerlach was first elected to the United States House of Representatives in 2002 from the newly created 6th District, sometimes called the \"Pterodactyl District\" because of its unusual shape; it twisted and wound its way through the outer western suburbs of Philadelphia. Although the district was reportedly drawn to elect a Republican, he had a somewhat difficult time holding onto it in elections, largely due to the growing Democratic trend in the Philadelphia suburbs. On January 6, 2014 Gerlach announced that he would not seek reelection, \"to spend more time with my wife and family.\" In 2003, Gerlach sponsored a new law mandating a new veterans cemetery in the Philadelphia area within four years. The nearest military cemetery to accept casket burials was located 90 miles from Philadelphia. Gerlach has strongly supported Schuylkill Valley commuter rail. At one point he said of the Bush administration's plan to cut federal money for construction costs from 80 percent to 50 percent: \"There's just not going to be enough state and local funds to do the project. It will be a dead project.\" The farmland-preservation and open-space advocacy that Gerlach became known for during his tenure as a state legislator has continued during his congressional career. On Sept. 27, 2006, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a Gerlach-sponsored bill H.R. 5313 that would make federal funds available to municipalities around the country to purchase conservation easements. This bill was never acted on by the Senate, and was re-introduced as H.R. 1152 in March 2007. Gerlach has advocated the passage of legislation that would expand federal regulation of so-called \"puppy mills,\" and cosponsored medical liability legislation. Gerlach voted against H. Con. Res. 63, which disapproved of The Surge; he said it was meaningless, fundamentally vague and would damage troop morale. He was one of four Pennsylvania Republicans (the others were Todd Platts, Charlie Dent, and Phil English) to vote to add sexual orientation and gender identity to the federal hate crimes bill. Mr. Gerlach also opposes the Federal Marriage Amendment, which would have amended the constitution to define marriage as a union between one man and one woman. In 2007, however, Gerlach voted against a bill that would have repealed \"Don't Ask, Don't Tell.\" In 2010, Gerlach also voted against the \"2010-2011 Defense Appropriations Act,\" which would have included a repeal of \"Don't Ask, Don't Tell\" after military certification and review. Gerlach defended this vote, saying, \"Voting on this issue six months before Defense Secretary Robert Gates is scheduled to issue a thorough review of the policy and how best to implement any changes does nothing to improve the security of our country or the morale of the brave men and women serving in our military.\" In 2007-2008, Gerlach received a 64 percent support rating from the Family Research Council, an interest group whose mission statement commits it to being an organization that \"shapes public debate and formulates public policy that values human life and upholds the institutions of marriage and the family.\" In 2010, Gerlach voted against the \"Health Care and Insurance Law Amendments,\" also known as HR 3590 or \"The Health Care Reform Bill.\" In a statement on the Health Care vote, Gerlach stated that the bill was \"written behind closed doors,\" and that it \"ushers in a new era of big government.\" Gerlach also expressed concerns about the bill's impact on his constituents, saying \"In my district, innovation, investment and jobs in the life sciences and biotechnology sector will be at risk because of a new $2 billion per year tax on items used for cancer screening, knee and hip replacement surgery and other life-saving procedures.\" In 2009, Gerlach opposed HR 2454, which was designed to amend several laws related to energy and the environment, and included a \"cap-and-trade\" program to limit greenhouse gas emissions. As Gerlach later explained, \"While the bill included some positive provisions to develop alternative and renewable energy our country needs, I voted against this bill because of the devastating effect it will have on working families and the people who create jobs in my district and across Pennsylvania.\" The League of Conservation Voters, \"a national non-profit organization that works to turn environmental values into national priorities,\" rated Gerlach at 44 percent on their National Environmental Scorecard. In his 2010 campaign, Gerlach received $41,250 from the Energy/Natural Resource sector. Gerlach is a member of two moderate political groups: the Republican Main Street Partnership, which supports government-funded embryonic stem-cell research; and Republicans for Environmental Protection. The liberal Americans for Democratic Action rated Gerlach's 2005 voting record at 35 points out of 100; the American Conservative Union ranked him at 56 points, on the same scale. The American Public Health Association scored Representative Gerlach's support record at 44 percent in 2009. In 2013, Gerlach and Congressman Mike Thompson (D-Calif.) introduced the", "that works to turn environmental values into national priorities,\" rated Gerlach at 44 percent on their National Environmental Scorecard. In his 2010 campaign, Gerlach received $41,250 from the Energy/Natural Resource sector. Gerlach is a member of two moderate political groups: the Republican Main Street Partnership, which supports government-funded embryonic stem-cell research; and Republicans for Environmental Protection. The liberal Americans for Democratic Action rated Gerlach's 2005 voting record at 35 points out of 100; the American Conservative Union ranked him at 56 points, on the same scale. The American Public Health Association scored Representative Gerlach's support record at 44 percent in 2009. In 2013, Gerlach and Congressman Mike Thompson (D-Calif.) introduced the Conservation Easement Incentive Act. The act would give tax benefits to property owners who preserve their land for conservation. In 2015, Gerlach was announced as the new president and chief executive officer of BIPAC, the Business-Industry Political Action Committee. Prior to joining BIPAC and since leaving Congress, Gerlach had been working at Venable LLP. In 2002, he defeated Dan Wofford, son of former U.S. Senator Harris Wofford, by 51.4 percent to 48.6 percent. In a 2002 PoliticsPA feature story designating politicians with yearbook superlatives, he was named the \"Most Likely to Succeed.\" In 2004, Gerlach won a close re-election against Democrat Lois Murphy, by 51.0 percent to 49.0 percent. In their rematch in 2006, Gerlach again beat Murphy by an even narrower margin of 50.6 percent to 49.4 percent (unofficial results as of November 8, 2006). Gerlach was the only member of the \"Philly Trio\" of vulnerable Republican Congressmen (the others being Curt Weldon and Mike Fitzpatrick) to survive the 2006 election. He overcame a negative political climate that included the then-unpopular war in Iraq, an unpopular president and a well-liked Democratic governor. Geography also played a factor; similar to the previous two cycles Gerlach carried Chester County, Berks County, and Lehigh County by significant margins, while Murphy carried the heavily Democratic Montgomery County portion of the district. In the 2008 election, Gerlach defeated Democratic nominee Bob Roggio to win a fourth term. In all three contests, Gerlach survived by swamping his Democratic opponents in Chester County, where he resides. In February 2009, Gerlach formed a committee to explore a run for Governor of Pennsylvania in the 2010 election. Gerlach ended his campaign for governor on January 7, 2010. Gerlach had been mentioned as a potential candidate for the United States Senate seat held by Arlen Specter after John Cornyn, chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee, contacted him following Specter's May 2009 party-switch. Gerlach, however, ultimately decided not to run. Gerlach subsequently announced that he would once again be running for Congress in 2010. He faced the Democratic nominee Manan Trivedi, an Iraq war veteran and physician, but won re-election with 57% of the vote. Gerlach was again challenged by Democratic nominee Manan Trivedi. Once again, he prevailed over Trivedi at 57 to 43%. He got a substantial assist from the post-census redistricting. The 6th was pushed to the west, extending a tendril across Berks County to grab much of heavily Republican Lebanon County. While Barack Obama carried the old 6th with 58 percent of the vote in 2008, Obama would have only won the new 6th with 53 percent. Ultimately, Mitt Romney narrowly carried the new 6th with just over 50 percent of the vote. Gerlach has three children and three step-children. He currently lives in Chester Springs. Jim Gerlach James Gerlach (born February 25, 1955) is the former U.S. Representative for , serving from 2003 to 2015. He is a member of the Republican Party. Gerlach retired from Congress after completing his sixth term. Gerlach was born in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania to Helen Lorraine (née Fitzgerald) and Jack Allen Gerlach. His father was killed by a drunk driver when he was five years old, leaving his mother to raise three children on her own." ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Clear Mountain, Queensland Clear Mountain is a suburb in Moreton Bay Region, Queensland, Australia. It was once a suburb of the former Pine Rivers Shire, 20 km north-west of central Brisbane Its southern border is Cedar Creek, a tributary of the South Pine River. Most of Clear Mountain is an upland, drained southwards by Branch Creek (a tributary of Cedar Creek) and numerous short northerly streams that run into Lake Samsonvale. The alluvial flats along Branch and Cedar Creeks were taken up for corn and vegetable growing, bananas, pineapples, dairying and piggeries. The Branch Creek primary school opened in 1889 and operated until 1913 while a school at Clear Mountain school opened in 1903 and continued until about 1947. Clear Mountain Lookout is on the northern boundary, overlooking rural and forested country. Rural/residential subdivisions are in the south-east corner, adjoining similar settlement in Eatons Hill. Clear Mountain's census populations have been: Clear Mountain is bounded by State Forest, where many people travel to participate in mountain biking, orienteering, walking, horse riding and road cycling. Nearby Albany Creek has rugby and soccer fields, public swimming pool and tennis courts. Samford, a short drive or cycle is home to excellent sports facilities and a gym, some of the local sports played in and around town include swimming, horse riding, soccer, football, cricket, netball, tennis, archery and lawn bowls. The Pine Rivers Shire Council, now known as the Moreton Bay Regional Council, acquired the former CSIRO land which is on the northern edge of the Village and comprises some 140 ha. The Council is planning a sport and recreation facility that will become a major resource for the residents of Samford Valley and the Moreton Bay region. The possible facilities include open space, camp ground, equestrian, tennis, netball, amphitheater, kiosk, soccer and rugby league and parking. There are several local primary schools servicing Clear Mountain are Samford State School, Eatons Hill State School, Mount Samson State School and Samford Valley Steiner School. There are several local high schools, Albany Creek State School, Genesis College, Prince of Peace, Mount Maria, Hillbrook, Ferny Grove State School,and Samford Valley Steiner School Several private schools maintain buses to Clear Mountain, including St Paul's School, Bald Hills, Padua College and St. Joseph's Nudgee College at Boondall. Clear Mountain is a unique enclave of acreage homes, bounded by State Forest and the beautiful Samford Valley, all within easy commute to Brisbane. There are less than 800 residents, in this friendly community, with a broad demographic, including a number of retirees seeking a \"tree-change\", There are also a number of young families, seeking a truly rural lifestyle close enough to the CBD and amenities but remote enough to enjoy the beautiful countryside of South East Queensland Properties range from modestly priced homes on smaller acreage blocks from $700,000 to executive mansions on larger acreage in excess of $8,000,000 Clear Mountain recently featured in the Top Ten Most Searched Suburbs Queensland - Real Estate The 2006 Census by the Australian Bureau of Statistics counted 707 persons in Clear Mountain on census night. Of these, 51.3% were female and 48.7% were male. 77.9% of people living in Clear Mountain were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were England 7.2%, New Zealand 2.4%, South Africa 2.3%, Scotland 1.1%, Netherlands 0.8%. 91.8% of people spoke only English at home; the next most common languages were 1.4% Afrikaans, 0.7% Italian, 0.7% Danish, 0.6% Cantonese, 0.4% German. The age distribution of Clear Mountain residents is comparable to that of the greater Australian population. 66.1% of residents were over 25 years in 2011, compared to the Australian average of 66.5%; and 33.9% were younger than 25 years, compared to the Australian average of 33.5%. Clear Mountain has a sub-tropical climate with hot, sometimes humid summers and mild, dry, sunny winters. Most rain falls during the height of summer, between November and February, whilst summer maximum average temperatures generally linger around 30c, in the summer months there are some extremely hot days, sometimes higher than 40c. Winter temperatures are often around 20-25c during the day, with mild evenings, some cold nights and the very occasional frost in some low areas. Clear Mountain, Queensland" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Cold River Lady Cold River Lady (\"CRL\") was a rock band that was formed in 1970 in Hereford in the Welsh Marches of England. Their music however drew on far wider influences. With its eclectic mix of acoustic guitar, lazy rural rhythms and a sharp electric edge and strong melodies and lyrics, it combined rock, folk and blues influences, with sophisticated flavours from the likes of Arthur Lee, Tim Buckley and Caravan. The music of the band developed with the various changes of personnel and evolving musical times, whilst keeping its unique \"Hereford\" feel, until it finally wound up in 1976 when the punk era took a grip. The final twist in the life of this band was that forty years after it was formed its first album \"Better Late Than Never\" was released in 2010. CRL was formed initially by Phil Weaver, Will Wright and Mike Lawley, when they were all together at Hereford Cathedral School in 1970. Will and Mike had also been in the same primary school (Tupsley VA School). Phil had played in one band previously called Carcass on rhythm guitar, with brothers Kevin Williams (vocals) and Ian \"Ernie\" Williams (lead guitar), Pete Farndon (bass) (much later of The Pretenders) and Paul \"Jazz\" Jones (drums), playing mostly covers of then current rock bands. Kevin, Ian and Pete were all also at the Cathedral School. After this band Phil started writing original material on 12 string acoustic and his infamous \"cocklecaster guitar\" with Will playing a variety of recorders. Mike had been persuaded to take up bass and started to contribute lyrics to compliment Phil’s strong melody lines. The first rehearsals were carried out at their homes. With two final recruits being made from the thriving and hip Hereford scene of the early 70’s, Paul \"Griff\" Griffiths (6 string acoustic) and Pedro Brown (Drums and percussion), the line up started formal rehearsing. Rehearsals took place at the local YMCA on Aylestone Hill where there happened to be an old harmonium lying around. Will, as the only one having had a few brief piano lessons incorporated this into the band, amplifying it with a microphone fed through a wah-wah peddle, and also commenced providing material writing on piano. Pedro had played in a few local bands and was the most experienced musician amongst the band at that time. Early influences on the song writing side were US West Coast bands such as Arthur Lee and Love, Tim Buckley and Spirit, and from England, Caravan and folk music generally. The style of music also reflected the rural environment and would possibly fall into the \"folk rock\" genre. The name Cold River Lady was taken from a poem by Paul \"Jazz\" Jones the drummer from Carcass. The first gig took place at Brown’s Club of Clubs, a converted cinema in Knighton on the Welsh border in spring 1971 supporting Pete Brown and Piblokto! and local Hereford band Sam Gamgee. Pete Brown, (who was a poet and had written many of the lyrics for Cream with Jack Bruce) and Phil Ryan (Pete’s then organist and song writing partner, later of Welsh band Man) both enjoyed CRL’s set with Pete volunteering to help in bringing the band to the notice of record companies. The band at that stage was in a loose form and Phil, Will and Mike all went off to University, only all to give up within the year with a view to taking the band more seriously. 1972 was the start of the main song writing period of the band based on the core output from Phil and Mike. Will had kept in contact with Pete Brown who wanted little excuse to leave London for the odd weekend in Hereford. Pete persuaded Polydor Records to make the first demos of the band with Pete producing. Four songs were recorded of which, from this session, \"Far in the Fields\" and \"Sauna Bath Blues\" are included on the 2010 release Better Late than Never. Also present on this session was Paul \"Chesh\" Cheshire (from the band Sam Gamgee) who added some electric guitar on three of the songs. Paul had been in Hunderton primary school with Griff and had recommended Griff for the band to Phil Will and Mike. Sam Gamgee was Chesh (guitar & vocals), Kelvin Wilson (bass & vocals), Tic Taylor (drums) and Ian \"Ernie\" Williams (guitar) (former member of Carcass). Chesh, Kelvin and Tic had all previously been members of the young schoolboy band, The Phantoms, who had made winning TV appearances at the age of 12 on Stubby Kaye’s Silver Star Show (ATVs ‘60s equivalent of \"Opportunity Knocks\" / X-Factor) as well as gigging regularly on the local village hall circuit - a circuit also frequented by the Silence and Doc Thomas Band who were later to mutate into Mott the Hoople. After Ian \"Ernie\" Williams left Sam Gamgee, Chesh, Kelvin and Tic joined forces with the remnants of Karakorum (a well-respected Hereford progressive rock band), James Williams (guitar & vocals), Richard Edwards (guitar) and Martin Chambers (drums) (later of the Pretenders) to form Karakorum Mk III, which lasted only briefly. Chesh then joined up with CRL as lead guitarist and vocalist as well as becoming the third songwriter in the band, while Martin and Kelvin hooked up with Verden Allen, Mott The Hoople's recently departed organist, to form Cheeks, the line up of which was completed by James Honeyman-Scott (also later of The Pretenders). During this period CRL played gigs locally and increasingly worked further a field in the Midlands and occasionally London. The regular rehearsal venue was Will and Mike’s old school at Tupsley where the headmaster Wally Davies, whose house was on the school site, stoically put up with highly amplified music three nights a week. CRL with the six piece line up, then recorded more demos at Pathway Studios in London. From these four songs, Soft Spot Rest and Something are included on Better Late than Never. Helen Hardy also provided backing vocals on the Pathway sessions. Helen had moved from Dorset to Hereford in 1972 and started singing with another local band, Helen Heavens, also featuring Chesh on lead guitar. CRL by then used the same rehearsal space in Hereford - Norman Rose’s Bridge Street Studios. Despite interest from various record companies CRL remained unsigned. Their most notable gig of this period was the Windsor Free Festival where Pete Farndon roadied and the CRL set on the main stage was played to the accompaniment of police helicopters buzzing the running skirmishes between the police and the hippies. In the summer of 1974 Mike and Griff after some soul searching left CRL to go to Reading University and Sussex University respectively, although Mike continued to contribute lyrics for Phil’s melodies for the next few years. The obvious choice for replacement bass player was Pete Farndon who, after playing with Phil in Carcass and hanging out on the London and Hereford scene, had been inspired to take up playing bass again after seeing both Thin Lizzy and the Sensational Alex Harvey Band at Malvern Winter Gardens. Consequently, his choice of bass was a Rickenbacker. Pete was playing in a band with Tic and Chesh and also joined forces with Chesh, Geoff Townsend and Mark Anderson in a band called the Dingos (Chesh’s services in Hereford as a lead guitarist frequently being in demand). So logic suggested taking both Pete and Tic into CRL to beef up the sound with two drummers and turn CRL into a more electric rock band. The final recruit into this line-up was Helen who was prised away from Helen Heavens. Pete Brown had been acting as a part-time manager for the band but was glad to hand over this role to the redoubtable Duncan Ferguson, who ran the Greyhound in Fulham, a famed music venue of the time, where Pete had got the band a residency. Duncan finally turned them professional and sent them off to Europe. This the most active line up of the band in terms of gigging and with the first professional management allowing the band to turn pro. Many one nighters throughout England and Wales followed as well as tours of the Netherlands and Germany. Most weeks found the band playing", "suggested taking both Pete and Tic into CRL to beef up the sound with two drummers and turn CRL into a more electric rock band. The final recruit into this line-up was Helen who was prised away from Helen Heavens. Pete Brown had been acting as a part-time manager for the band but was glad to hand over this role to the redoubtable Duncan Ferguson, who ran the Greyhound in Fulham, a famed music venue of the time, where Pete had got the band a residency. Duncan finally turned them professional and sent them off to Europe. This the most active line up of the band in terms of gigging and with the first professional management allowing the band to turn pro. Many one nighters throughout England and Wales followed as well as tours of the Netherlands and Germany. Most weeks found the band playing in London at one of the many gigs which still existed in this era such as the Marquee, Dingwalls and the Greyhound and positive reviews appeared in the music press. This line up recorded both the Travellers and Routing in the Quagmire as a single at Dennis Weinreich’s studio, Scorpio Sound, but still, despite getting very close to a record deal especially with Island Records, nothing was released. By early 1976 CRL was running out of steam and Phil decided that life on the road was not really his favourite occupation, preferring just to write songs for the band. Pedro and Tic also left. Chesh, Pete, Will and Helen decided to give it one more go using John Clarke from Kirkaldy in Scotland whom Pete Brown suggested to CRL. There was a real feeling of renewed energy initially but after rehearsals, a couple of new songs, a couple of gigs and failed new management auditions, there was a general consensus that the band had run its course and it was time to call it a day in 1976. This could have been the end of CRL except that Pete Brown still had faith and a fondness for the CRL songs and in 1992 suggested he would like to finance and make an album with Phil, Will Chesh and Helen. The rhythm section used for this recording John MacKenzie, one of the UKʼs top session bassists who had become a good friend of both Helen and Will (as well as having worked with Pete Brown many times) and Bob Jenkins (also a top UK drummer) who was a friend of Helenʼs as well as a regular session partner of Johnʼs. The rhythm tracks were recorded in Stoke-on-Trent, with over-dubs at Pete Kerrʼs studio in east London and mixed in Stoke by Pete Kerr, Pete Brown and Will Wright. Pete Brown produced the album and Pete Kerr engineered. The music business being what it is, 1992 was still the wrong time for the release of the album and nobody wanted to know. Then in 2009 Pete Brown still with the tapes of the 1992 session met Peter Purnell of Angel Air records and told him about the record. Pete Purnell loved it and came on board to release in August 2010 the CRL album Better Late Than Never. After CRL Chesh, Phil, Pedro and Tic all remained living in or around Hereford. Chesh and Phil continued to write together and played in two bands along with Pedro - The Banque with Richie Downes on bass, and Friends featuring Paul Cobbold (bass) (who was also at the Cathedral School and went on to be a noted recording engineer and producer at Rockfield Studios) and James Williams (guitar, piano and vocals), both ex Karakorum, plus Mark Thompson of Buzz Music (sax). Chesh and Pedro worked together in several other bands including Manyana and The John Shane Band. Chesh also played with a band called Red Sails including the talented young drummer Clive Jenner who later became drummer with Groove Armada and The Proclaimers. Chesh continues to play regularly and ply his craft in many bands as well as writing songs and doing sessions. Phil, in addition to the Banque and Friends also formed a duo called Double Trouble with Richie Downes and then followed that with another duo 'The Meanies' with Ian Clifford (guitar and vocals, and ex-Cluster and Alvin Stardust drummer). For the past ten years Phil has gigged regularly as a solo artist and continues to write and record. Pedro Brown continues to work full-time as a percussionist, and play drums with many bands. He has also released three solo albums featuring his saxophone playing as well as his drumming - Windswept, Long Journey and Out of the Storm. Pedro is also an accomplished photographer who has had several exhibitions. Tic Taylor went on to play drums in several bands including Love Manoeuvres and The Cruise. Will moved to London in 1976 and after some years as a full-time player, eventually used the financial side of his skills to become a successful banker. He gigged regularly in London with various bands till the late 1990s, including Lee Fardon's Legionnaires, Cheap Perfume, and providing the material for an instrumental band including brothers, bassist Steve Lewinson and drummer Pete Lewinson who went on to form Simply Red's rhythm section as well as being much in demand session players. Will now lives in Italy. On leaving CRL Helen became professional and joined Pete Brown’s Back to the Front between 1976 and 1977 and then Roger Chapman’s Shortlist, with whom she continues to work. She has also toured the UK, Japan and Australia with Gilbert O'Sullivan. She has also worked with the Arthur Louis band (along with John McKenzie and Blair Cunningham) providing backing vocals with Noel McCalla and also sings on Pete Brown and Phil Ryan's new album due for release in 2010 as well as doing regular session work. Pete Farndon joined Bushwackers, an Australian country music band, while they were in London and followed them back to Australia for a year then joined up with the first line up of the Pretenders with Chrissie Hynde and Tom Edwards on drums (another Hereford Cathedral School friend). Pete was then instrumental in persuading James Honeyman-Scott and Martin Chambers to join the Pretenders. Pete attained considerable success with The Pretenders before his tragically premature death in April 1983. Paul Griffiths and Mike Lawley maintain an active interest in music but ceased performing in bands after CRL. Paul lives in Neath and is a talented watercolourist and painter. Mike lives in Cardiff. Cold River Lady Cold River Lady (\"CRL\") was a rock band that was formed in 1970 in Hereford in the Welsh Marches of England. Their music however drew on far wider influences. With its eclectic mix of acoustic guitar, lazy rural rhythms and a sharp electric edge and strong melodies and lyrics, it combined rock, folk and blues influences, with sophisticated flavours from the likes of Arthur Lee, Tim Buckley and Caravan. The music of the band developed with the various changes of personnel and evolving musical times, whilst" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Whitney Westerfield Whitney H. Westerfield (born November 29, 1980) is an American politician and a Republican member of the Kentucky Senate representing District 3 since January 8, 2013. In 2015, Westerfield was the Republican nominee for Attorney General, running against Andy Beshear. Westerfield lost to Beshear. Westerfield earned his BS in communication from the University of Kentucky and his JD from Southern Illinois University Carbondale. In 2012, Westerfield challenged District 3 incumbent Democratic Senator Joey Pendleton, Westerfield was unopposed for the May 22, 2012 Republican Primary and won the November 6, 2012 General election with 18,457 votes (50.4%) against Senator Pendleton. In 2015, Westerfield ran for Attorney General of Kentucky. He lost to Democrat Andy Beshear. Whitney Westerfield Whitney H. Westerfield (born November 29, 1980) is an American politician and a Republican member of the Kentucky Senate representing District 3 since January 8, 2013. In 2015, Westerfield was the Republican nominee for Attorney General, running against Andy Beshear. Westerfield lost to Beshear. Westerfield earned his BS in communication from the University of Kentucky and his JD from Southern Illinois University Carbondale. In 2012, Westerfield challenged District 3 incumbent Democratic Senator Joey Pendleton, Westerfield was unopposed for the May 22, 2012" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Fermanagh and South Tyrone (UK Parliament constituency) Fermanagh and South Tyrone is a parliamentary constituency in the British House of Commons. The current Member of Parliament for the constituency is Michelle Gildernew of Sinn Féin (SF) who first won in the 2001 general election by 53 votes. In 2010 she obtained a majority of just four votes, less than 0.01% of the turnout. After losing to the Ulster Unionist Party's Tom Elliott in 2015, she regained the seat at the 2017 general election. 1950-1983: The county of Fermanagh, the Urban District of Dungannon, the Rural Districts of Clogher and Dungannon, and that part of the Rural District of Omagh consisting of the District Electoral Divisions of Aghafad, Dervaghroy, Dromore, Drumharvey, Ecclesville, Fallaghearn, Fintona, Greenan, Killskerry, Lifford, Moorfield, Rahoney, Seskinore, Tattymoyle and Trillick. 1983-1997: The District of Fermanagh, and the District of Dungannon. 1997-present: The District of Fermanagh, and the District of Dungannon wards of Augher, Aughnacloy, Ballygawley, Ballysaggart, Benburb, Caledon, Castlecaulfield, Clogher, Coolhill, Drumglass, Fivemiletown, Killyman, Killymeal, Moy, Moygashel, and Mullaghmore. The constituency was created in 1950 when the old Fermanagh and Tyrone two-member constituency was abolished as part of the final move to single-member seats. As the name implies, it includes all of County Fermanagh and the southern part of County Tyrone. Of the post-1973 districts, it contained all of Fermanagh, and Dungannon and South Tyrone. In boundary changes resulting from a review in 1995, however, a section of Dungannon and South Tyrone (then called Dungannon) district, around the town of Coalisland, was transferred to the Mid Ulster constituency. For the history of the constituency prior to 1950, see Fermanagh and Tyrone. Throughout the existence of Fermanagh and South Tyrone, there has been a rough balance between unionist and nationalist voters, though in recent years the nationalists have had a slight majority. Many elections have seen a candidate from one community triumph due to multiple candidates from the other community splitting the vote. Perhaps because of this balance between the communities, Fermanagh and South Tyrone has repeatedly had the highest turn-out of any constituency in Northern Ireland. The seat was won by the Nationalist Party in 1950 and 1951, the closely contested 1951 election seeing a 93.4% turnout – a UK record for any election. In 1955 the constituency was won by Philip Clarke of Sinn Féin, but he was unseated on petition on the basis that his criminal conviction (for Irish Republican Army activity) made him ineligible. Instead, the seat was awarded to the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) candidate. In 1970 the seat was won by Frank McManus, standing on the \"Unity\" ticket that sought to unite nationalist voters behind a single candidate. In the February 1974 general election, however, the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) contested the seat, dividing the nationalist vote and allowing Harry West of the UUP to win with the support of the Vanguard Progressive Unionist Party and the Democratic Unionist Party. In the October 1974 general election a nationalist pact was agreed and Frank Maguire won, standing as an Independent Republican. He retained his seat in the 1979 general election, when both the unionist and nationalist votes were split, the former by the intervention of Ernest Baird, leader of the short-lived United Ulster Unionist Party, and the latter by Austin Currie, who defied the official SDLP decision to not contest the seat. Maguire died in early 1981. The ensuing by-election took place amidst the 1981 Irish Hunger Strike. As part of the campaign for the five demands of the prisoners, the Provisional Irish Republican Army Officer Commanding in the Maze prison, Bobby Sands, was nominated as an Anti-H-Block/Armagh Political Prisoner candidate. Harry West stood for the UUP, but no other candidates contested the by-election. On 9 April 1981, Sands won with 30,492 votes against 29,046 for West. 26 days later Sands died on hunger strike. Speedy legislation barred prisoners serving a sentence of 12 months or longer from standing for Parliament, and so in the new by-election Sands' agent Owen Carron stood as a \"Proxy Political Prisoner\". The UUP nominated Ken Maginnis. The second by-election in August was also contested by the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland, the Workers' Party Republican Clubs, a candidate standing on a label of General Amnesty and another as The Peace Lover. The turn-out was even higher, with most of the additional votes going to the additional parties standing, and Carron was elected. In the 1982 election for the Northern Ireland Assembly, Carron headed the Sinn Féin slate for the constituency and was elected. Republicans suffered a reversal in the 1983 general election, when the SDLP contested the seat. Maginnis won and held the seat for the UUP for the next eighteen years until he retired. By this point boundary changes had resulted in a broad 50:50 balance between unionists and nationalists and it was expected that a single unionist candidate would hold the seat in the 2001 general election. James Cooper was nominated by the UUP. On this occasion, however, both the nationalist and unionist votes were to be split. Initially, Maurice Morrow of the DUP was nominated to stand, with the DUP fiercely opposing the UUP's support for the Good Friday Agreement. Morrow then withdrew in favour of Jim Dixon, a survivor of the Enniskillen bombing who stood as an Independent Unionist opposed to the Agreement. Tommy Gallagher of the SDLP ran, but his intervention did not do enough damage to Sinn Féin. Sinn Féin's Michelle Gildernew won by 53 votes over Cooper. Subsequently, the result was challenged amid allegations that a polling station had been kept open by force for longer than the deadline, allowing more people to vote, but the courts—while conceding that this happened—did not uphold the challenge, because it held that the votes cast after the legal closing time would not have affected the outcome. Ahead of the 2005 general election, there was speculation that a single unionist candidate could retake the seat. The UUP and DUP, however, ran opposing candidates and in the event Gildernew held her seat. She kept the seat at the 2010 general election by four votes over the Unionist candidate, Rodney Connor. Following the election, Connor lodged an election petition challenging the result, based on a dispute about differences in the number of ballot papers recorded at polling stations and those subsequently recorded at the count centre. The petition was rejected after it was found that only three extra votes remained unnaccounted for. The judge ruled that \"even if those votes were introduced in breach of the rules and if they had all been counted in favour of the first respondent their exclusion would still have given the first respondent (Ms Gildernew) a majority of one vote and the result would not have been affected.\" In the election of May 2015 Sinn Féin's Michelle Gildernew lost the seat to the UUP's candidate Tom Elliott. Although Elliott was running for the UUP, he was also being actively supported by the DUP, the Traditional Unionist Voice and the UK Independence Party. The Conservative Party also refused to run a candidate in Fermanagh and South Tyrone, despite running in 16 out of the other 17 constituencies. Just as in the February 1974 and June 1983 elections, faced with a single Unionist candidate, the SDLP refused to discuss a nationalist pact with Sinn Féin. Gildernew re-captured her seat in the snap June 2017 election. Rodney Connor had the support of the Democratic Unionist Party and Ulster Conservatives and Unionists - New Force Following the close result Connor lodged a petition against Gildernew alleging irregularities in the counting of the votes had affected the result. However the Court found", "Elliott was running for the UUP, he was also being actively supported by the DUP, the Traditional Unionist Voice and the UK Independence Party. The Conservative Party also refused to run a candidate in Fermanagh and South Tyrone, despite running in 16 out of the other 17 constituencies. Just as in the February 1974 and June 1983 elections, faced with a single Unionist candidate, the SDLP refused to discuss a nationalist pact with Sinn Féin. Gildernew re-captured her seat in the snap June 2017 election. Rodney Connor had the support of the Democratic Unionist Party and Ulster Conservatives and Unionists - New Force Following the close result Connor lodged a petition against Gildernew alleging irregularities in the counting of the votes had affected the result. However the Court found that there were only three ballot papers which could not be accounted for, and even if they were all votes for Connor, Gildernew would have had a plurality of one. The election was therefore upheld. Boundary changes took effect from the 1997 general election. The projections of what the 1992 result would have been if fought on 1997 boundaries are shown below. Minor boundary changes took effect from the 1983 general election. After the election, Philip Clarke was found ineligible by an election court, and Lord Robert Grosvenor was declared elected in his place. Fermanagh and South Tyrone (UK Parliament constituency) Fermanagh and South Tyrone is a parliamentary constituency in the British House of Commons. The current Member of Parliament for the" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Where You Are (CNBLUE song) \"Where You Are\" is a song by the South Korean rock band CN Blue, written by Jung Yong-hwa and Kenji Tamai. It is the second major single by the band in Japan under Warner Music Japan and their fifth overall. It was released on February 1, 2012 in 3 different editions: CD+DVD, Regular edition and Lawson store limited edition. \"Where You Are\" was composed and written by Jung Yong-hwa and Kenji Tamai. The B-side, \"Get Away\" was written by Nozomi Maezawa and Agehasprings and composed by Lee Jong-hyun and Ryo. The second B-side, \"Feeling\" was written and composed by Jung Yong-hwa and Ryo. To promote the single, the band performed the song on the music TV shows \"Music Japan\" on January 29 and on \"Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ\" on January 30. B-side of the Single \"Get Away\" was chosen as ending theme song for Japanese broadcast of American TV Series Gossip Girl Season 3 started from May 1. A TV advertisement for the single was released on December 27, 2011. The full music video was released on January 8, 2012 on the music TV network \"Space Shower TV\". In the music video, the members are playing the song in front of various mirrors. Warner Music Japan uploaded the music video to YouTube on January 29. The physical single debuted at number one in Oricon's Daily chart with 32,943 copies sold on the first day and on the Weekly chart with 60,398 copies sold in the first week. The single is the first #1 single of the group on the country and first for a foreign band since 1971, when the Canadian band \"Mashmakhan\" released the single \"Two in the Fog\". The band is the fourth South Korean male artist/group to rank number 1 in Oricon's Weekly singles chart, along with \"Tohoshinki\", \"JYJ\" members \"Jaejoong\" & \"Yoochun\" and \"Jang Keun-suk\". Where You Are (CNBLUE song) \"Where You Are\" is a song by the South Korean rock band CN Blue, written by Jung Yong-hwa and Kenji Tamai. It is the second major single by the band in Japan under Warner Music Japan and their fifth overall. It was released on February 1, 2012 in 3 different editions: CD+DVD, Regular edition and Lawson store limited edition. \"Where You Are\" was composed and written by Jung Yong-hwa and Kenji Tamai. The B-side, \"Get Away\" was written by Nozomi" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "German Chileans German Chileans ( \"germanochilenos\", Deutsch-Chilenen) are Chilean citizens who derive their German ancestry from one or both parents. They are chiefly descendants of about 30,000 immigrants who arrived between 1846–1914, most following the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states. In the 1907 census, Germans were the fifth-largest immigrant group in Chile, after Bolivians, Peruvians, Spaniards and Italians. From the middle of the 19th century to the present, they have played a significant role in the economic, political and cultural development of the Chilean nation. The 19th-century immigrants settled chiefly in Chile’s Araucanía, Los Ríos and Los Lagos regions in the so-called \"Zona Sur\" of Chile, including the Chilean lake district. The first German to feature in the history of what is now Chile is Bartolomé Blumenthal (Spanish \"alias\" Bartolomé Flores) during the 16th century who accompanied Pedro de Valdivia. The latter conquistador ousted the indigenous population and founded the city of Santiago. Valdivia also arrested and took hostage the Cacique (tribal leaders and chiefs) to weaken the society of the local Mapuche people. Blumenthal took part in the defence of the Spanish settlement of Santiago when the Mapuche launched a counter-offensive on 11 September 1541 in attempt to free their caciques held hostage by the conquistadores. Later Blumenthal took part in the consolidation of the Spanish settlement that would become the Talagante Province; he was the first engineer in the remote colony. Blumenthal’s son-in-law, \"Pedro Lisperguer\" (born Peter Lisperger in Worms, Germany), was appointed as mayor of Santiago in 1572. Johann von Bohon (known in Spanish as Juan Bohón) was also part of Valdivia's expedition and was ordered to establish the city of La Serena in 1544. In 1818 Chile became independent from Spain and began to engage in trading with more nations. The port city of Valparaíso became a major center for trade with Hamburg, with commercial travellers and merchants from Germany staying for lengthy periods of time to work in Valparaíso. Some settled there permanently. On 9 May 1838 \"Club Alemán de Valparaíso\", the first German cultural organization was established in the city. German residents and visitors held cultural functions here. The club began to organize literary, musical and theatre productions, contributing to the cultural life of the city. Aquinas Ried, a physician, became widely known in the city for composing operas, and for writing poetry and plays. The club had its own orchestras and academic choir (\"singakademie\") which would perform works composed by local musicians. During World War I, the German Club of Valparaiso welcomed Admiral Maximilian von Spee's East Asia Squadron of the Imperial German Navy after they fought the Battle of Coronel off the Chilean coast. The Chilean government encouraged German immigration in 1848, a time of revolution in Germany. Before that Bernhard Eunom Philippi recruited nine working families to emigrate from Hesse to Chile. The origin of the German immigrants in Chile began with the Law of Selective Immigration of 1845. The objective of this law was to bring people of a medium social/high cultural level to colonize the southern regions of Chile; these were between Valdivia and Puerto Montt. The process was administered by Vicente Pérez Rosales by mandate of the then-president Manuel Montt. The German immigrants revived the domestic economy, and they changed the southern zones. The leader of the first colonists, Karl Anwandter, proclaimed their goals: The expansion and economic development of Valdivia were limited in the early 19th century. To stimulate economic development, the Chilean government initiated a highly focused immigration program under Vicente Pérez Rosales as government representative. Through this program, thousands of Germans settled in the area, incorporating then-modern technology and know-how to develop agriculture and industry. Some of the new immigrants stayed in Valdivia but others were given forested land, which they cleared for farms. For ten years after the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states, numerous liberal immigrants came from Germany, exiles of the revolutions. They settled primarily in the Llanquihue in the towns of Frutillar, Puerto Octay, Puerto Varas, Osorno and Puerto Montt. Around 1900 Valdivia prospered with industries, including the Hoffmann Gristmill and the Rudloff shoe factory. By the mid-1930s, most of the farming land around the towns of Valdivia and Osorno had been claimed. Some German immigrants moved further south to places such as Puyuhuapi in the Aysén region. Subsequently, a new wave of German immigrants arrived in Chile, with many settling in Temuco, and Santiago. Many founded businesses; for example, Horst Paulmann's small store in the capital of the Araucanía Region grew into Cencosud, one of the largest businesses in the region. Even before the Nazi takeover of Germany in 1933, a German Chilean youth organization was established with strong Nazi influence. Nazi Germany pursued a policy of Nazification of the German Chilean community. These communities and their organizations were considered a cornerstone to extend the Nazi ideology across the world by Nazi Germany. Most German Chileans were passive supporters of Nazi Germany. Nazism was widespread among the German Lutheran Church hierarchy in Chile. A local chapter of the Nazi Party was started in Chile. During World War II, many German Jews fled to Chile before and during the Holocaust. For example, the families of Mario Kreutzberger and Tomás Hirsch came to Chile during this time. Shortly after World War II, former members of Nazi Germany tried to take refuge in South America, including Chile, fleeing trials against them in Europe and elsewhere. Among these was SS Standartenführer and war criminal Walter Rauff. Paul Schäfer, a former army medic, founded Colonia Dignidad, a German enclave in the Maule Region, in which abuses against human rights were allegedly carried out. The precise number of Nazi refugees hidden in Chile after WWII remains unknown. The exact number German-Chileans is unknown because many of the early arrivals' descendants have intermarried and assimilated over the past 150 years. According to the last census, there were 5,906 German-citizens living in Chile. An independent estimate calculates that about 500,000 Chileans could be descendants of German immigrants. An estimated 20,000 Chileans speak the German language. There are also German schools and German-language newspapers and periodicals in Chile (e.g., Cóndor – a weekly German-language newspaper). German schools: Historic German schools: Many Germans who migrated to Chile practice Roman Catholicism, but also Lutheranism. German Chileans German Chileans ( \"germanochilenos\", Deutsch-Chilenen) are Chilean citizens who derive their German ancestry from one or both parents. They are chiefly descendants of about 30,000 immigrants who arrived between 1846–1914, most following the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states. In the 1907 census, Germans were the fifth-largest immigrant group in Chile," ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Marco Sandy Marco Antonio Sandy Sansusty (born August 29, 1971 in Cochabamba) is a former Bolivian football defender. On club level he spent the majority of his career with Bolívar, apart from three spells abroad with Real Valladolid of Spain, Gimnasia de Jujuy of Argentina and Tampico Madero of Mexico. He played 93 international matches for Bolivia between 1993 and 2003. He played at the 1994 FIFA World Cup. Sandy made his international debut on January 29, 1993 in a friendly match against Honduras (3-1 win) in Cochabamba. He was the national record holder with 93 caps for nearly two years. Luis Cristaldo equalled his tally, playing his last and 93rd international match on October 9, 2005 against Brazil. Sandy played his last international match for Bolivia on November 18, 2003: a World Cup Qualifier against Venezuela in Maracaibo. <br> Marco Sandy Marco Antonio Sandy Sansusty (born August 29, 1971 in Cochabamba) is a former Bolivian football defender. On club level he spent the majority of his career with Bolívar, apart from three spells abroad with Real Valladolid of Spain, Gimnasia de Jujuy of Argentina and Tampico Madero of Mexico. He played 93 international matches for Bolivia between 1993 and" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "İbrahim Bilgen İbrahim Bilgen (2 March 1949 – 31 May 2010) was a Turkish politician, electrical engineer and activist. He was born in Batman, Turkey and killed by the Israeli armed forces in the Gaza flotilla raid. Bilgen was born in Batman, to a family that had migrated to Turkey from Mosul, Iraq. He graduated from Fırat University, where he studied electrical engineering, and was a member of the Chamber of Electrical Engineers of Turkey. He had been a resident of Siirt, a south-eastern city of Turkey, since 1980. He was married and had six children. Bilgen was one of the founders of Virtue Party. After the Virtue Party was banned by the Constitutional Court of Turkey in 2001, he joined the newly formed Felicity Party. He was a candidate for Member of Turkish Parliament in 2007 for that party for Siirt Province, but he was not elected, the Felicity Party receiving 884 votes (0.96%) there. In Turkish local elections, 2009, he was a candidate for mayor of Siirt, but he was again not elected. In a press interview during his 2009 campaign, he said: \"I was born a Felicity man, I will die a Felicity man. Because Felicity is the only national party of Turkey. This party has neither come under the yoke of America, nor of any other country.\" Since then, he had been serving as a provincial inspector for the Felicity Party. After working as an electrical engineer in various companies, İbrahim Bilgen founded an electrical engineering company called Bilgen Mühendislik, in 2004. In addition, he founded the first local television channel in Siirt, Selam TV. As a volunteer for IHH in Siirt, Bilgen joined the Gaza flotilla of May 2010 on board the MV \"Mavi Marmara\", which set sail from Istanbul for the Gaza strip on May 23, 2010. He died on May 31, 2010, during the Gaza flotilla raid. According to an autopsy Bilgen died from four gunshot wounds to temple, chest, hip and back. İbrahim Bilgen İbrahim Bilgen (2 March 1949 – 31 May 2010) was a Turkish politician, electrical engineer and activist. He was born in Batman, Turkey and killed by the Israeli armed forces in the Gaza flotilla raid. Bilgen was born in Batman, to a family that had migrated to Turkey from Mosul, Iraq. He graduated from Fırat University, where he studied electrical engineering, and was a member of the Chamber" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "John R. Ramsey John Rathbone Ramsey (April 25, 1862 – April 10, 1933) was an American Republican Party politician who represented New Jersey's 6th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1917 to 1921. Ramsey was born in Wyckoff, New Jersey on April 25, 1862. He attended the public schools and a private school in Parkersburg, West Virginia, where he lived from 1872 to 1879. He studied law in Hackensack, New Jersey, and was admitted to the bar in 1883 and commenced practice in Hackensack. He was county clerk of Bergen County from 1895–1910 and was a delegate to the 1908 Republican National Convention. He was president of the Hackensack Brick Co. from 1909 to 1933 and was director of several banks. His wife was automotive pioneer Alice Huyler Ramsey. Rathbone was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-fifth and Sixty-sixth Congresses, serving in office from March 4, 1917 to March 3, 1921, but was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1920. After leaving Congress, he resumed the manufacture of brick. Rathbone died in Hackensack on April 10, 1933, and was buried there in Hackensack Cemetery. John R. Ramsey John Rathbone Ramsey (April 25, 1862 – April" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "St Cuthbert's Church, Crayke St Cuthbert's Church is in the village of Crayke, North Yorkshire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Easingwold, the archdeaconry of York, and the diocese of York. Its benefice is united with those of All Saints, Brandsby, and Holy Trinity, Yearsley. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. The present church dates from about 1490 on a site probably occupied by a church in the Anglo-Saxon era. The church was restored and a north aisle was added by the Lancaster architect E. G. Paley in 1862–63, at a cost of £1,000 (equivalent to £ in ). The church is constructed in ashlar stone in Perpendicular style. The plan consists of a three-bay nave with a north aisle and a south porch, a two-bay chancel, and a west tower. The church is battlemented throughout with pinnacles and gargoyles. The tower is in two stages, with a three-light west window in the lower stage and two-light bell openings in the upper stage. The east window has three lights, and contains stained glass by William Wailes. The font is from the 15th century, and the pulpit is dated 1637. The pews date from the 17th century. In the church is a late 16th-century memorial with recumbent stone effigies. St Cuthbert's Church, Crayke St Cuthbert's Church is in the village of Crayke, North Yorkshire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Easingwold, the archdeaconry of York, and the diocese of York. Its benefice is united with those of All Saints, Brandsby, and Holy Trinity, Yearsley. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. The present church dates from" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Wallanlagen The Wallanlagen (lit., \"Wall Park\") is a park area in Frankfurt which forms a five-kilometre-long green belt around the city centre. The parklands run along the course of the former city walls, which were built from the 14th century and which were torn down in the early 19th century. The former course of the city wall was landscaped as a park between 1804 and 1812. The Wallanlagen parklands are commonly divided into seven areas, which are usually named after the former city gates. They are the \"Untermainanlage\", the \"Gallusanlage\", the \"Taunusanlage\", the \"Bockenheimer Anlage\", the \"Eschenheimer Anlage\", the \"Friedberger Anlage\" and the \"Obermainanlage\". Wallanlagen The Wallanlagen (lit., \"Wall Park\") is a park area in Frankfurt which forms a five-kilometre-long green belt around the city centre. The parklands run along the course of the former city walls, which were built from the 14th century and which were torn down in the early 19th century. The former course of the city wall was landscaped as a park between 1804 and 1812. The Wallanlagen parklands are commonly divided into seven areas, which are usually named after the former city gates. They are the \"Untermainanlage\", the \"Gallusanlage\", the \"Taunusanlage\", the \"Bockenheimer Anlage\", the" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Mir-744 microRNA precursor family In molecular biology mir-744 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. miR-744 plays a role in tumour development and growth in mouse cell lines. Its expression induces cyclin B1 expression, whilst knockdown sees a resultant decreased level of mouse cyclin B through the \"Ccnb1\" gene. Short-term overexpression of miR-744 in mouse cell lines has been seen to enhance cell proliferation, whilst chromosomal instability and \"in vivo\" suppression are concurrent with a prolonged expression. Multiple miR-744 binding sites have been identified in the proximal 3' untranslated region of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Direct targeting of TGF-β1 by miR-744 has been identified, and transfection is seen to inhibit endogenous TGF-β1 synthesis by directing post-transcriptional regulation. miR-744 directly targets translation elongation factor and known protooncogene EEF1A2. mIR-744 also upregulates during resveratrol treatment of MCF7 breast cancer cells. Mir-744 microRNA precursor family In molecular biology mir-744 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. miR-744 plays a role in tumour development and growth in mouse cell lines. Its expression induces cyclin B1 expression, whilst knockdown" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Zoran Lerchbacher Zoran Lerchbacher (born 30 May 1972) is an Austrian darts player from Graz, Austria currently playing in the Professional Darts Corporation. Lerchbacher qualified for the 2014 PDC World Darts Championship and won 4–1 in the preliminary round against Ben Ward. He then went out in a 3–0 loss to Michael van Gerwen. Lerchbacher was able to score a slightly higher average than Van Gerwen, but was only able to win one leg in the match. He entered Q School to try and win a tour card to compete on the PDC tour and lost in the final round of the fourth day 5–1 to Joe Murnan. Nevertheless, Lerchbacher had done enough to finish tied second on the Q School Order of Merit to seal his place on the PDC for 2014 and 2015. He had a disappointing first year on tour as his deepest runs were three last 64 defeats. In 2015 Lerchbacher, attempted to qualify for six European Tour events and was successful at the final attempt in the European Darts Matchplay, but lost 6–1 to Darren Johnson. After his tour card expired Lerchbacher again entered Q School, but one last 32 exit over the four days was not enough to stay on tour. Lerchbacher qualified for three European Tour events in 2016, losing 6–5 from 3–0 up in the first round of the Dutch Darts Masters to James Richardson. At the Austrian Darts Open he beat Jeffrey de Zwaan 6–4, before being whitewashed 6–0 in the second round by Jelle Klaasen. Lerchbacher advanced to the same stage of the European Darts Trophy by seeing off Joe Murnan 6–2 and lost 6–5 to Terry Jenkins. A 10–1 thrashing of Dietmar Burger in the final of the East European Qualifier saw Lerchbacher play in the 2017 World Championship. He saw off Simon Stevenson 2–1 in the preliminary round and then lost 3–0 to Robert Thornton in the first round. His best professional run came at the 16th Players Championship on the 2017 PDC Pro Tour: Six (four of them 6–5) wins en route saw him reaching his first PDC final. Players Lerchbacher beat included Mark Webster, Robert Thornton and Steve Beaton, before he fell to Joe Cullen 6–4 in the final. At the 2018 World Championship he reached the second round after beating Mervyn King 3-2 in sets. Zoran Lerchbacher Zoran Lerchbacher (born 30 May 1972) is an" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Karin Putsch-Grassi Karin Putsch-Grassi (*1. October 1960 in Wuppertal) is a German potter. After an apprenticeship in the studio of Albrecht Kiedaisch in Tübingen she began her studies in ceramics 1982 at \"Istituto statale d’Arte” in Florence with Salvatore and Stefano Cipolla. She then opened her own studio and experimented with different local types of clay, glaces and burning techniques. After visiting workshops under John Colbeck she pursued her studies at the Goldsmiths College at the University of London. She received further inspiration from workshops with Takeshi Yasuda, Ruthanne Tudball, Wally Keeler, Terry Davies and Daphne Corregan. She received several rewards and gained notoriety especially with her work in the Raku ware technique. Her works are displayed in public exhibitions and can be found in various European museums as well as in private collections. Karin Putsch-Grassi’s technique is stimulated by experimenting with new techniques and clays. She works on the relationship between shape and surface, using both throwing and also slap building as her creative technique. The shapes of her pieces are simple, and have a well-defined and linear outline. The final appearance is the result of processes similar to those that nature undergoes, i.e. submitted to continuous changes by atmospheric factors. Most recently, Karin Putsch-Grassi has been using the technique named by her as “CUT & STRETCH”. It consists of making incisions in the surface of the ceramic work, which is subsequently pulled, lengthened or even widened until it creates uncontrollable clefts and fissures which are produced by the non-uniform thickness and by the consistency of the clay. The surface shows the traces of the work progress, and it is the firing of the piece that establishes this special moment. Karin Putsch-Grassi lives and works in Reggello, Tuscany. Karin Putsch-Grassi Karin Putsch-Grassi (*1. October 1960 in Wuppertal) is a" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "John Jeffrey (judge) John Jeffrey [aka John Jefferay] (ca. 1524 – 13 May 1578), of Chiddingly, Sussex, was an English politician. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Clitheroe in 1563, East Grinstead in 1571 and Sussex in 1572. He was son of Richard Jeffrey of Chiddingly Manor, by Eliza, daughter of Robert Whitfield of Wadhurst. He was admitted a member of Gray's Inn in 1544, called to the bar in 1546, and was Lent reader there in 1561. In Easter term 1567 Jeffrey became a serjeant-at-law, and on 15 October 1572 a queen's serjeant. On 15 May 1576 he was appointed a judge of the queen's bench, and was promoted on 12 October 1577 to succeed Sir Robert Bell as chief baron of the exchequer. In the autumn of 1578 he died at Coleman Street Ward, London, and was buried under a magnificent tomb in Chiddingly Church. Jeffrey was twice married, first to Alice, daughter and heiress of John Apsley, by whom he had one daughter, Elizabeth, who married Edward Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu of Boughton; and secondly to Mary, daughter of George Goring. John Jeffrey (judge) John Jeffrey [aka John Jefferay] (ca. 1524 –" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Jean Schensul Jean J. Schensul is a medical anthropologist and senior scientist at The Institute for Community Research, in Hartford, Connecticut. Dr. Schensul is most notable for her research on HIV/AIDS prevention and other health-related research in the United States, as well as her extensive writing on ethnographic research methods. She has made notable contributions to the field of applied anthropology, with her work on structural interventions to health disparities leading to the development of new organizations, community research partnerships, and community/university associations. Schensul’s work has been dedicated to community-based research on topics such as senior health, education, and substance abuse, among others. Schensul studied anthropology at the University of Manitoba (B.A., 1963), anthropology and linguistics at the University of Minnesota (M.A., 1967), and completed a PhD in cultural anthropology at the University of Minnesota in 1974. From 1971 through 1974, Schensul was a research scientist at the Institute for Juvenile Research in Chicago, then between 1974–75 and 1977-79 was program evaluator for the Center for New Schools, also in Chicago. From 1975 until 1980, Schensul served as the director of Research in Action Inc., which operated in Connecticut and Florida. Schensul helped to create the research and training infrastructure at the Hispanic Health Council in Hartford, Connecticut, an organization she served as associate director for from 1978-1987. In 1987, she founded the Institute for Community Research, an independent research institute conducting prevention research in communities in the United States, India, Peru, Sri Lanka and China, where she has since served as executive director and currently senior scientist. Dr. Schensul is also a research affiliate with the Yale Department of Psychology as well with the Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS (CIRA). Schensul’s scholarly work has focused on studies of health inequalities, particularly those centering on HIV, substance use, mental health, and sexual risk, in multiethnic and multicultural urban areas within the United States as well as abroad. Her research with HIV and substance abuse has been funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), with grants totaling over $35,000,000. Through her work with community-based approaches to service delivery and social change, Schensul is notable for her development and evaluation of multilevel interventions as well as her work on developing and furthering participatory research in the context of dynamic systems change theory. To date, Schensul has founded or cofounded four community-based health social science research institutes, including The Institute for Community Research and the Hispanic Health Council in the United States, the Instituto Nacional de Salud Comunitaria in Peru, and the Center for Intersectoral Community Health Studies in Sri Lanka. Dr. Schensul is also the co-author of \"The Ethnographer’s Toolkit\", a seven book series that details ethnographic and qualitative research methods at every stage of the research process. Her current research is an NIAAA-funded study of drinking and sexual risk among young men in Mumbai, India and a NIMH-funded study of women’s reproductive health and sexual risk in Mumbai. Jean Schensul Jean J. Schensul is a medical anthropologist and senior scientist at The Institute for Community Research, in Hartford, Connecticut. Dr. Schensul is most notable for her research on HIV/AIDS prevention and other health-related research in the United States, as well as her extensive writing on ethnographic research methods. She has made notable contributions to the field of applied anthropology, with her work on structural interventions to health disparities leading to the development of new organizations, community research partnerships, and community/university associations. Schensul’s work has been dedicated to community-based" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Sivalenka Krishna Prasad Sivalenka Krishna Prasad who is born on 24 October in the year 1956 at Vijayawada and Graduated from Osmania University. He has been associated with the film industry for the past 40 years and well established Film Producer in Telugu film Industry over a period of time. He is versatile in film making in different languages and is involved in producing and distributing straight films, dubbing films from different languages and also English films. S. Krishna Prasad is the nephew of Chandra Mohan. S. Krishna Prasad worked as a personal secretary to Mr. Chandra Mohan from 1977 to 1986 for about 150 feature films, where he became connected to the film industry in Chennai. Having got the experience in the Film Industry by moving with stalwarts like S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. Viswanath, who are also closely related to him, Mr. Krishna Prasad decided to get into film production. Sivalenka Krishna Prasad is the nephew of Chandra Mohan. He did his graduate studies at Osmania University. He started his career with the film dubbing film from Kannada (JIDDI) in to Telugu \"Rakasi Nagu\" as a partner which was a big hit at the box office in 1984. He did films under Sridevi Movies, Vaishnavi Cinema, Sridevi Media Entertainments. He is a life member in Andhra Pradesh Film Chamber of Commerce and A.P. Film Producers' Council for the last 30 years and also a member in South Indian Film Chamber of Commerce and Tamil Film Producers' Council since 2006. He is a producer, distributor having experience in the field for more than 35 years and is associated with more than 35 feature films. His latest venture Sammohanam Starring Sudheer Babu and Aditi Rao Hydari was critically and commercially well-received. In 2012, he established a banner Sridevi Media Entertainments in this banner he produced a TV serial Muthyamanta Pasupu in Telugu a leading TV channel ETV Network and successful completed 250 episodes Sivalenka Krishna Prasad Sivalenka Krishna Prasad who is born on 24 October in the year 1956 at Vijayawada and Graduated from Osmania University. He has been associated with the film industry for the past 40 years and well established Film Producer in Telugu film Industry over a period of time. He is versatile in film making in different languages and is involved in producing and distributing straight films, dubbing films from different languages and also English films. S." ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Vereinigte Stahlwerke The Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG (VSt or Vestag, \"United Steelworks\") was a German industrial conglomerate producing coal, iron, and steel in the interbellum and during World War II. Founded in 1926, economic pressures (decreasing prices and excess capacities) led to the union of several companies, including Thyssen AG, Phoenix AG für Bergbau und Hüttenbetrieb, Rheinische Stahlwerke, Rhein-Elbe-Union GmbH, Deutsch-Luxemburgische Bergwerks- und Hütten-AG, Bochumer Verein, and Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-AG. This group united of most German iron, steel and coal producers but did not include Hoesch AG, Krupp AG, Klöckner-Werke, Gutehoffnungshütte, and Mannesmann. The company was headquartered in Düsseldorf. During the 1930s, VSt was one of the biggest German companies and, at times, also the largest steel producer in Europe. With up to about 250,000 workers, it produced about 40% of the steel and 20% of the coal produced in Germany. Chief executive officer (chief of the Vorstand) was initially Albert Vögler, until 1935. He was succeeded (1935−1943) as CEO by Ernst Poensgen, descendant of the Rhenish industrial family Poensgen and cofounder of the \"Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG\" in 1926. Fritz Thyssen was chairman of the board (Aufsichtsrat). In 1932, as a result of the effects of the Great Depression, part of the company was nationalized to prevent bankruptcy. The Weimar government bought stock valued at 25 million Reichsmark (RM) for 99 million RM. This transaction like the similar Gelsenberg affair led to a public outcry. According to Heinrich Brüning the company then went on to support the Nazi party with 500,000 RM for the 1932 elections. The Nazi government re-privatized the stocks four years later so that the Vst achieved a net win of 33 million RM. The Vst became a major contributor in supplying materiel and munitions to the war effort. However, as the Vst was unable to fulfill the demands of the Nazi government, another steelwork, the Reichswerke Hermann Göring were founded in Salzgitter. During World War II, most of the production facilities were destroyed by bombing, and after the war, the company was dismantled. From the residuals several companies were founded in the Federal Republic of Germany after 1951, including Hörder Bergwerks- und Hütten-Verein, August Thyssen-Hütte AG, Rheinstahl, and Bochumer Verein. Vereinigte Stahlwerke The Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG (VSt or Vestag, \"United Steelworks\") was a German industrial conglomerate producing coal, iron, and steel in the interbellum and during World War II. Founded in 1926, economic pressures (decreasing prices and excess" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Pogba was born in Lagny-sur-Marne, Seine-et-Marne, to Guinean parents. He is a Muslim. He has two older twin brothers who are also footballers. Florentin, the eldest, currently plays for French club Saint-Étienne, while Mathias plays for Dutch club Sparta Rotterdam and the Guinean national team. \n On 11 January 2015, Pogba helped Juventus secure their first win against Napoli at the Stadio San Paolo in 14 years as he scored a volley that helped Juventus beat Napoli 1–3. On 15 January, he scored his first goal in the Coppa Italia as Juventus defeated Verona 6–1 in the round of 16 of the tournament. On 9 March, Pogba scored the only goal in a 1–0 victory against Sassuolo to put Juventus 11 points clear of Roma at the top of the league table. In the second leg of Juventus's round of 16 match-up against Borussia Dortmund, Pogba was taken off during the first half after injuring his hamstring, and was later ruled out for two months. He returned to the starting line-up on 9 May, scoring in a 1–1 home draw against Cagliari, as Juventus celebrated winning their fourth consecutive Serie A title since 2012. On 13 May, Pogba set up Álvaro Morata's equaliser against Real Madrid in the second leg of the Champions League semi-final; the goal allowed Juventus win the tie 3–2 on aggregate to advance to the Champions League Final for the first time in 12 years. On 20 May, Pogba set up Juventus's first goal as they defeated Lazio 2–1 at the Stadio Olimpico in the 2015 Coppa Italia Final. On 6 June 2015, Pogba started for Juventus in the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final as the club were defeated 3–1 by Barcelona at Berlin's Olympiastadion. \n In the quarter-final match against Iceland on 3 July, at the Stade de France, Pogba was able to recapture his form, putting on a dominant performance in his new midfield role, as he scored his nation's second goal of the night from a header following Antoine Griezmann's corner, which he had previously helped to obtain; he later started the play which led to Griezmann's goal, as the host nation advanced to the semi-finals of the competition following a 5–2 win. In the semi-final match against Germany four days later, Pogba was once again started in a deep-lying midfield role alongside Blaise Matuidi in a 4–2–3–1 formation; following N'Golo Kanté's introduction in the second half, he was shifted to a more advanced role, which gave him more tactical freedom, and he subsequently helped to create Griezmann's second goal of the match, as the hosts defeated the reigning World Cup Champions 2–0 to advance to the final of the tournament, where they suffered a 1–0 extra-time defeat to Portugal. \n On 15 July 2015, Pogba was named to the ten-man shortlist for the 2015 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award. For the 2015–16 season, he was awarded the prestigious number-10 shirt, following Carlos Tevez's departure, which had previously been worn by Alessandro Del Piero, Roberto Baggio and Michel Platini. On 8 August, he assisted a goal in Juventus's 2–0 win over Lazio in the 2015 Supercoppa Italiana. On 12 August, it was announced that he placed tenth in the 2015 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award. On 31 October, Pogba made his 100th Serie A appearance in a 2–1 home win over Torino in the Turin Derby, also scoring Juventus's opening goal from a half-volley from outside the area. On 24 November, Pogba was nominated for the 2015 UEFA Team of the Year, later being named to the team on 8 January 2016. Three days later he was named to the 2015 FIFA FIFPro World XI. Pogba excelled in his team's new creative position, which saw him gain more time on the ball, and played a key role in helping Juventus to the league title, scoring a joint personal best of 8 goals in Serie A, while also finishing the league season as the top assist provider in Serie A, with a personal record of 12 assists, alongside Miralem Pjanić. \n * EFL Cup:2016–17 \n * UEFA Europa League:2016–17", "Pogba made his debut with the under-19 team in its first match of the season against Italy on 6 September 2011. In the match, he assisted on two goals, scored by Jean-Christophe Bahebeck and Anthony Koura, in a 3–1 victory. On 29 February 2012, he scored his first goal for the team in a 2–1 defeat to Spain. In Elite Round qualification for the 2012 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship, Pogba scored the fifth goal in the team's 6–0 rout of the Netherlands. The victory qualified France for the competition. On 11 June 2012, Pogba was named to the squad to participate in the tournament. In the team's opening group stage match against Serbia, he converted a penalty in a 3–0 win. France reached the semi-finals where the team faced Spain. In the match, with France trailing 3–2 in extra time, Pogba scored the equalizing goal three minutes prior to the match's completion to send it to penalties. However, despite Pogba converting the opening penalty for France, Les Bleuets were defeated 4–2. \n In response to Le Havre's accusations, Manchester United threatened to sue the club, while Pogba denied he was leaving Le Havre for monetary reasons, which Le Havre President Jean-Pierre Louvel had alleged to be £87,000 and a house. Le Havre was also accused by Pogba's former club Torcy of using the same tactics it purported Manchester United to have used when the club acquired Pogba from its youth academy. On the same day of Pogba's announcement to depart for England, Torcy released a press release on its official website criticising Le Havre's accusations, stating, \"We will not use the term' steal, ' but the recruiters of Le Havre acted the same way with the club in Torcy.\" The club cited Le Havre's acceptance of allowing Pogba to sign an amateur licence with the club without notifying Torcy as its primary reason why. On 7 October, Manchester United were cleared of wrongdoing by a judge appointed by FIFA, with the declaration that Pogba was not contractually linked to Le Havre. Despite having the option to appeal, on 18 June 2010, Le Havre officials confirmed that the club had reached an agreement with Manchester United for the transfer of Pogba. The terms of the agreement were confidential. \n Due to the under-19 team's semi-final appearance in the 2012 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship, the nation qualified for the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup, which merited under-20 team appearances for Pogba. Similar to the previous two seasons, Pogba was installed as captain by Mankowski and made his under-20 debut in a 0–0 draw against China. In the team's next match against North Korea, Pogba scored the team's second goal in a 3–1 win. Pogba was the captain of the team that won France's first ever FIFA U-20 World Cup. In that tournament held in Turkey, he played every minute of all of France's matches except for the final group match against Spain, in which he was an unused substitute. He was named the best player of the tournament. \n On 12 August, the Football Association announced that Pogba would be suspended for Manchester United's opening Premier League fixture of the 2016–17 season against Bournemouth, due to two yellow cards he had accumulated in the previous season's edition of the Coppa Italia with Juventus. On 19 August, he made his first appearance since returning to the club in a 2–0 home victory over Southampton in the Premier League. After the 2–1 defeat at home in the first Manchester Derby of the season on 10 September, Pogba was criticized for his lack of discipline in positioning by pundit Jamie Carragher. Pogba, however, soon recovered to form and scored his first Premier League goal for United with a header against defending champions Leicester City in a 4–1 home win on 24 September. He then scored twice, once from the penalty spot and then with a strike from distance, in a Europa League tie against Fenerbahçe on 20 October. Manager José Mourinho defended Pogba after the game, criticizing football's \"Einsteins\" for being too quick to judge the player. \n * Serie A:2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16 \n * Coppa Italia:2014–15, 2015–16 \n * Supercoppa Italiana:2013, 2015; Runners-up:2014 \n * UEFA Champions League Runners-up:2014–15", "On 26 January 2017, Pogba scored in a 2–1 away defeat to Hull City in the second leg of the EFL Cup semi-final, which allowed Manchester United to advance to the final 3–2 on aggregate. \n On 8 August 2016, Pogba returned to former club, Manchester United, on a five-year contract for a then-record for highest football transfer fee at € 105 million (£89.3 million) plus bonuses of € 5 million, surpassing the former record holder Gareth Bale. Paul Pogba's agent, Mino Raiola, received a reported € 27 million from Juventus when the France midfielder joined Manchester United; Juventus disclosed the fee as an auxiliary expense, for € 26.154 million. \n He was a part of the team that played at the 2010 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship scoring both of his goals with the team at the tournament. He scored the only goal in the team's 1–0 victory over Portugal in the group stage and netted his second in the team's 2–1 loss to England in the semi-finals. Following the departure of Ferrier as the team's youth international coach, Pogba was re-instated as captain at his age level by new coach Pierre Mankowski. Mankowski had previously been the assistant manager of the senior national team under the reign of Raymond Domenech. Pogba made his under-18 debut on 27 October 2010 at the Tournio de Limoges against Greece in a 4–1 victory. On 24 March 2011, Pogba scored his first goal with the team netting the game-winning goal in a 2–1 win over Germany. The goal was scored from over 30 metres (33 yd) out. \n On 3 July 2012, Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson confirmed that Pogba had left the club after not signing a new contract. Ferguson stated that Pogba had signed for Italian club Juventus \"a long time ago as far as we're aware.\" Ferguson also accused Pogba of disrespecting Manchester United, saying, \"It is disappointing. I don't think he showed us any respect at all, to be honest. I'm quite happy that if they (footballers) carry on that way, they're probably better doing it away from us.\" On 27 July, Juventus confirmed on their official website that Pogba had undergone a medical at the club, and the transfer was completed on 3 August, when he signed a four-year contract. He made his first appearance for Juventus in a pre-season friendly against Benfica in Geneva on 1 August, coming on as a 78th-minute substitute for Andrea Pirlo. \n On 20 September, under new Juventus manager Massimiliano Allegri, Pogba contributed to Juventus's away win against Milan by providing the assist for the only goal of the game, scored by Carlos Tevez. Later that month, on 18 October, Pogba saved Juventus from a defeat against Sassuolo by scoring a decisive equaliser; he was later named Man of the Match. On 24 October, Pogba renewed his contract with Juventus, tying him to the club until 2019. On 4 November, on his 100th appearance with the club, Pogba scored Juventus's third goal against Olympiacos in the Champions League, helping them to win the match; this was his first ever Champions League goal. On 22 November, he scored his first brace of the season in a 3–0 win against Lazio at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome. On 28 October, Pogba was named as one of the 23 shortlisted candidates for the 2014 Ballon d'Or; at 21, he was the youngest on the list. In 2014, Pogba was awarded the Bravo Award, by the Italian sports magazine Il Guerin Sportivo, which is awarded to the best under-23 player who has participated in European competitions. \n On 18 August 2013, Pogba was a key protagonist of Juventus' 4–0 win over Lazio, the match that won Juventus the 2013 Italian Supercoppa. During the match, Pogba replaced Claudio Marchisio and scored the first goal of the game; he was elected Man of the Match. In December, Pogba was named 2013's Golden Boy for the best young player in Europe. \n Pogba began his international career for France with the national youth football team and earned caps at all levels for which he was eligible. Prior to his international debut, Pogba was named captain of the under-16 team by coach Guy Ferrier. He made his youth international debut on 23 September 2008 in the team's opening match of the campaign against Wales in Llanelli. France won the match 4–2. Under Pogba's leadership, the team recorded impressive victories over Uruguay and Italy in the Tournoi du Val-de-Marne, and defeated the Republic of Ireland by a combined score of 8–2 over the course of two matches. On 31 January 2009, he scored his first youth international goal in the 2009 Aegean Cup Final against Norway. The goal gave France a 1–0 lead and the team won the match 2–1 to win the tournament. \n Primarily a central midfielder, although he is also capable of playing on the left, in a holding role, or even as an attacking midfielder, Pogba has been described by his club Manchester United as a \"powerful, skilful, and creative\" player who has \"an eye for goal and a penchant for the spectacular.\" In Italy, he gained the nicknames Il Polpo Paul (\"Paul the Octopus\") for his long legs that look like tentacles during tackling or running and \"Pogboom\" for his explosive playing style and energy on the pitch. A large, quick, hard-working and physically strong player, he excels in the air, and is also known for his stamina, as well as his powerful and accurate striking ability from distance; he has also drawn praise for his finesse, technique, flair, and dribbling skills. His characteristics and playing role in midfield have led him to be compared with former France international Patrick Vieira. \n On 31 July 2009, Pogba announced that he was departing Le Havre to join the youth academy of Manchester United in England. The move surprised his parent club, as it allegedly had a \"non-solicitation agreement\" with Pogba, which was agreed to by not only the player but also his parents in 2006. The agreement, which was in place until the end of the 2009–10 season, allowed Le Havre to sign Pogba to an aspirant (youth) contract once the player met specific age and scholarship requirements. On 1 August, Le Havre released an official statement on its website criticising Manchester United and the Pogba family. Le Havre also announced its intent to ask FIFA to probe the situation. \n * UEFA European Championship Runners-up:2016 \n\n\n * FIFA U-20 World Cup:2013", "* FIFA U-20 World Cup:2013 \n\n\n On 22 March 2013, Pogba made his debut for the French senior team in a 2014 World Cup qualifier against Georgia. He played the full 90 minutes in a 3–1 win. Pogba then earned his second cap four days later in another 2014 World Cup qualifier against Spain, starting the match against the world champions, but picked up a yellow card in the 76th minute for unsporting behaviour, before being sent off two minutes later for a second bookable offence in a 1–0 loss. He scored his first international goal against Belarus on 10 September 2013 in a 4–2 victory, once again during a 2014 World Cup qualifier. \n International goals by date, venue, cap, opponent, score, result and competition No. | Date | Venue | Cap | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition \n---|---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| 10 September 2013 | Central Stadium, Gomel, Belarus | | Belarus | 4–2 | 4–2 | 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification \n| 27 May 2014 | Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France | 9 | Norway | 1–0 | 4–0 | Friendly \n| 30 June 2014 | Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha, Brasília, Brazil | 15 | Nigeria | 1–0 | 2–0 | 2014 FIFA World Cup \n| 7 September 2014 | Partizan Stadium, Belgrade, Serbia | 18 | Serbia | 1–0 | 1–1 | Friendly \n5 | 11 October 2014 | Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France | 19 | Portugal | 2–0 | 2–1 | Friendly \n6 | 3 July 2016 | Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France | 36 | Iceland | 2–0 | 5–2 | UEFA Euro 2016 \n7 | 10 October 2016 | Amsterdam Arena, Amsterdam, Netherlands | 42 | Netherlands | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification \n8 | 11 November 2016 | Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France | 43 | Sweden | 1–1 | 2–1 | 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification \n As of match played 12 September 2017 \n After beginning his career with Manchester United in 2011, Pogba joined Italian side Juventus in 2012, and helped the club to four consecutive Serie A titles, as well as two Coppa Italia and two Supercoppa Italiana titles. During his time with the club, he established himself as one of the most promising young players in the world, and received the Golden Boy award in 2013, followed by the Bravo Award in 2014 and was named by The Guardian as one of the ten most promising young players in Europe. In 2016, Pogba was named to the 2015 UEFA Team of the Year as well as the 2015 FIFA FIFPro World XI, after helping Juventus to the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final. Despite leaving Manchester United on a free transfer, Pogba returned to the club in 2016 for a then-world record transfer fee of € 105 million (£89.3 million). \n Pogba made his Premier League debut against Stoke City on 31 January 2012, replacing Javier Hernández in the 72nd minute. He made another substitute appearance against West Bromwich Albion on 11 March. Four days later, he made his European debut in the second leg of the team's UEFA Europa League round of 16 tie against Spanish club Athletic Bilbao; he appeared as a substitute in the 2–1 away defeat, coming on for Michael Carrick in the 63rd minute as Manchester United lost the tie 5–3 on aggregate. \n Pogba began his football career at the age of six playing for US Roissy-en-Brie, a few miles south of his hometown. He spent seven seasons at the club before joining US Torcy, where he served as captain of the club's under-13 team. After one season with Torcy, Pogba joined professional club Le Havre. In his second season at the club, Pogba captained its under-16 team to the final phase of its domestic league, the Championnat National des 16 ans. Le Havre finished second to Lens in the final group phase, finishing ahead of the likes of Lyon and Nancy. Pogba also established himself as a youth international for his country. \n On 6 June 2014, Pogba was named in France's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. On 15 June, he started in central midfield in the team's first World Cup fixture–a 3–0 victory over Honduras–suffering a foul from Wilson Palacios which led to a red card for the Honduran and a penalty kick, which was converted by Karim Benzema to give France the lead. He appeared as a substitute in the team's second match, assisting a goal for Benzema in a 5–2 victory of Switzerland. In the round of 16, Pogba scored a 79th minute opening goal and was named man of the match by FIFA as Les Bleus defeated Nigeria 2–0 in Brasília. On 13 July 2014, Pogba was named the tournament's Best Young Player. \n * UEFA European Under-17 Championship Team of the Tournament:2010 \n * FIFA U-20 World Cup Golden Ball:2013 \n * Golden Boy:2013 \n * Serie A Team of the Year:2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16 \n * FIFA World Cup Best Young Player:2014 \n * Bravo Award:2014 \n * UEFA Team of the Year:2015 \n * FIFA FIFPro World XI:2015 \n * ESM Team of the Year:2015–16 \n * Serie A Top Assist-provider:2015–16 \n * UEFA Europa League Squad of the Season:2016–17 \n * UEFA Europa League Player of the Season:2016–17", "On 19 February 2011, Pogba was one of four academy players promoted to the first-team squad by manager Alex Ferguson ahead of Manchester United's FA Cup fifth round match against Crawley Town, for which he was assigned the number 42 shirt. He continued in the under-18s for the rest of the season, helping the team to a lengthy run in the FA Youth Cup; in the semi-final encounter against Chelsea in the competition, Pogba scored a goal in the first leg, a 3–2 defeat, and provided the assist for the opening goal of the second leg, a 4–0 win. In the final, Manchester United defeated Sheffield United 6–3 on aggregate to win their tenth Youth Cup title; Pogba started and played the entire match in both legs. \n Internationally, at under-20 level, he captained his nation to victory at the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup and took home the Best Player award for his performances during the tournament. He made his debut for the senior French national team on 22 March 2013 in a 3–1 win against Georgia, and scored his first World Cup goal on 30 June 2014 against Nigeria; he was awarded the Best Young Player Award for his performances at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, after reaching the quarter-final. He later represented his nation at UEFA Euro 2016 on home soil, where he scored one goal as his team reached the final. \n Paul Labile Pogba (born 15 March 1993) is a French professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Manchester United and the France national team. He operates primarily as a central midfielder and is comfortable playing both in attack and defence. \n As of match played 3 September 2017. France score listed first, score column indicates score after each Pogba goal. \n On 5 May 2013, Pogba was sent off in Juventus' Scudetto-clinching game for spitting towards an opponent after being slapped in the face. \n In May 2016, Pogba was named by national side manager Didier Deschamps to France's 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016, to be played on home soil. Although much was expected of Pogba at the upcoming European Championships, in France's opening match of the tournament, a 2–1 win over Romania on 10 June, he endured criticism for his perceived negative performance after being played out of position, and was subsequently left on the bench by Deschamps for his nation's second group match, later coming on as a second-half substitute in a 2–0 win over Albania. In the round of the 16, he was once again the target of media scrutiny for conceding an early penalty against Ireland, prompting former England international Gary Lineker to tweet:\"Is Pogba the world's most overrated player?\"; France eventually came from behind to win the match 2–1. \n Ahead of the start of the 2011–12 season, Ferguson confirmed that Pogba would feature with the senior team during the season, stating, \"I mean if we hold Pogba back, what's going to happen? He's going to leave. You know, in a couple of years' time when his contract is going to finish. So we have to give him the opportunity to see how he can do in the first-team and he's got great ability.\" Pogba was promoted to the club's reserve team permanently for the 2011–12 season and made his first appearance of the season on 15 August 2011 in the team's opening Premier Reserve League match against Arsenal. On 25 August, in the team's second league match against Swansea City reserves, Pogba scored the second goal in a 6–0 rout. On 19 September, he was named to the first team to participate in their Football League Cup tie against Leeds United the following day, with Ferguson proclaiming, \"I intend to play him (Pogba) against Leeds United.\" Pogba appeared as a half-time substitute to make his professional debut as Manchester United won the match 3–0. Pogba made his second appearance against Aldershot Town in the Fourth Round of the League Cup on 25 October 2011. \n 1. ^ Jump up to:Appearance (s) in UEFA Europa League \n 2. ^ Jump up to:Appearances in UEFA Champions League \n 3. Jump up ^ Six appearances in UEFA Champions League, eight appearances and one goal in UEFA Europa League \n 4. ^ Jump up to:Appearance in Supercoppa Italiana \n 5. Jump up ^ Appearance in UEFA Super Cup", "In January 2014, Pogba was named by The Guardian as one of the ten most promising young players in Europe. On 20 February, Pogba scored his first goal in UEFA club competitions as Juventus defeated Trabzonspor 2–0 at home in the first leg of the round of 32 of the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League. On 14 April, Pogba produced an assist in Juventus's 2–0 win over Udinese, the same team that Pogba scored two magnificent goals against in the previous season. Later that week, Pogba scored the only goal in Juventus's 1–0 win over Bologna. Pogba was also named the man of the match for his performance. Pogba would prove to be a key player for the club that season, breaking into the starting line-up, and making more appearances (51) for the club than any other player across all competitions that season, also scoring 9 goals. He finished the season by winning his second consecutive Serie A title under manager Antonio Conte, and reaching the semi-finals of the Europa League. \n Paul Pogba Pogba playing for Manchester United in 2017 \n--- \nFull name | Paul Labile Pogba \nDate of birth | (1993-03-15) 15 March 1993 (age 24) \nPlace of birth | Lagny-sur-Marne, France \nHeight | 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in) \nPlaying position | Midfielder \nClub information \nCurrent team | Manchester United \nNumber | 6 \nYouth career \n1999–2006 | Roissy-en-Brie \n2006–2007 | Torcy \n2007–2009 | Le Havre \n2009–2011 | Manchester United \nSenior career * \nYears | Team | Apps | (Gls) \n2011–2012 | Manchester United | | (0) \n2012–2016 | Juventus | 124 | (28) \n2016– | Manchester United | 34 | (7) \nNational team \n2008–2009 | France U16 | 17 | (1) \n| France U17 | 10 | (2) \n2010–2011 | France U18 | 6 | (1) \n2011–2012 | France U19 | 12 | (4) \n2012–2013 | France U20 | 13 | (3) \n2013– | France | 49 | (8) \nHonours (show) | \n--- \nRepresenting France \n| European Championship | 2016 \n* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 18:55, 9 September 2017 (UTC). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 3 September 2017 \n On 13 August 2017, Pogba scored the fourth goal in a 4–0 victory over West Ham United on the opening weekend of the 2017–18 Premier League season. \n Appearances and goals by club, season and competition Club | Season | League | National Cup | League Cup | Europe | Other | Total \n---|---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \nDivision | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals \nManchester United | 2010–11 | Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 \n2011–12 | Premier League | | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 \nTotal | | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 \nJuventus | 2012–13 | Serie A | 27 | 5 | | 0 | \\-- | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 5 \n2013–14 | Serie A | 36 | 7 | 0 | 0 | \\-- | 14 | | | | 51 | 9 \n2014–15 | Serie A | 26 | 8 | | | \\-- | 10 | | | 0 | 41 | 10 \n2015–16 | Serie A | 35 | 8 | 5 | | \\-- | 8 | | | 0 | 49 | 10 \nTotal | 124 | 28 | 11 | | \\-- | 40 | | | | 178 | 34 \nManchester United | 2016–17 | Premier League | 30 | 5 | | 0 | | | 15 | | \\-- | 51 | 9 \n2017–18 | Premier League | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | 6 | \nTotal | 34 | 7 | | 0 | | | 16 | | | 0 | 57 | 11 \nCareer total | 161 | 35 | 13 | | 7 | | 57 | 6 | | | 242 | 45 \n During his final season with Juventus, Pogba was deployed in a more advanced and creative midfield role rather than in his usual box-to-box role, which saw him gain more time on the ball, and he excelled as the team's main playmaker, due to his vision, and passing range; his performances in this role saw him develop from a promising youngster into one of the best and most complete midfielders in the world. Upon Pogba's departure from Juventus in 2016, his former teammate Gianluigi Buffon compared him to French former playmakers Michel Platini and Zinedine Zidane, and also praised his ability, leadership, work-rate and attitude, both on the pitch and in training, stating that he \"... is a tremendous warrior on the pitch but also has so much talent. His control of the ball and the way he can swiftly change the play from defence to attack is special.\" \n As of match played on 3 September 2017 \n Appearances and goals by national team and year National team | Year | Apps | Goals \n---|---|---|--- \nFrance | 2013 | 7 | \n2014 | 15 | \n2015 | 5 | 0 \n2016 | 17 | \n2017 | 5 | 0 \nTotal | 49 | 8 \n Pogba's first competitive appearance with Juventus came in the Serie A match against Chievo on 22 September 2012, where he played the full 90 minutes. On 2 October, Pogba made his first appearance in the UEFA Champions League in a 1–1 home draw against Shakhtar Donetsk, and on 20 October, Pogba scored his first goal for the club in a 2–0 win over Napoli. On 31 October, he started against Bologna and scored the game-winning goal in a 2–1 victory. Pogba also contributed to the opening goal scored by Fabio Quagliarella. The midfielder was subsequently praised for his performance in the match by several Italian media outlets such as la Repubblica, Il Messaggero and La Gazzetta dello Sport. \n On 24 May 2017, Pogba scored in the 18th minute of the Europa League final against Dutch club AFC Ajax, which proved to be the game-winning goal as Manchester United defeated Ajax 2–0 to win United's first continental trophy in nine years. \n Pogba completed his transfer to Manchester United on 7 October 2009 and made his debut with the club's under-18 team on 10 October against Crewe Alexandra in a 2–1 defeat. He finished the 2009–10 under-18 campaign with seven goals in 21 appearances. The team finished first in their group, but lost to Arsenal 5–3 on penalties in the play-off semi-finals. In April 2010, Pogba was a part of the under-18 team that successfully defended their title at the Torneo Calcio Memorial Claudio Sassi-Sassuolo in Bologna, Italy. In the 2010–11 season, Pogba remained on the club's academy team in the Premier Academy League and played with the team during the first three months of the season. In November 2010, he was called up to the club's reserve team and made his debut on 2 November 2010 in a 3–1 win over Bolton Wanderers. On 10 January 2011, in the FA Youth Cup, Pogba scored a long-range goal, described as a \"piledriver,\" in the team's 3–2 victory over Portsmouth. The win allowed the team to progress to the fourth round of the competition. A month later, Pogba scored a similar goal in a 3–2 defeat to West Bromwich Albion in the Academy League." ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "St. Stanislaus and St. Wenceslaus Cathedral, Świdnica The St. Stanislaus and St. Wenceslaus Cathedral ( ) also called Świdnica Cathedral It is a historical monument and a main Catholic building in Swidnica, Poland, Cathedral of the diocese of the same name. The building is dominated by a slender Gothic tower with a height of 104 meters, the largest in the region. The construction of the current church began in 1330 at the behest of Duke Bolko II of Świdnica, following a fire that destroyed a first wooden building that was there. The new building, in Gothic style, was designed as a three-aisled basilica. Between 1400 and 1410, and was expanded after the fire of 1532 it became greatly. Work began in 1535 and ended in 1546 with the aim of giving the church its current appearance. From 1561 to 1629 the church was made official by Protestants but in 1662 went to the Jesuits, who in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, they add the sumptuous baroque furniture and decorations that still characterize the interior. With the gradual expulsion of the Jesuits of Prussian Silesia, the church was secularized in 1772, when the Prussian authorities made him a barn. The church was deeply renovated between 1893 and 1895 but lost many of its original architectural features. On March 25, 2004, with the bull \"Multos fructus\", of Pope John Paul II, established the Catholic Diocese of Świdnica, and the building became the cathedral. St. Stanislaus and St. Wenceslaus Cathedral, Świdnica The St. Stanislaus and St. Wenceslaus Cathedral ( ) also called Świdnica Cathedral It is a historical monument and a main Catholic building in Swidnica, Poland, Cathedral of the diocese of the same name. The building is dominated by a slender Gothic tower with a height of 104 meters, the largest in" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Odawara Station This station is served by following lines. The JR companies have staffed \"Midori no Madoguchi\" ticket offices and seat reservation counters. What is now the JR East station opened on 21 October 1920. On 9 April 2002 at 20:43, a person was hit and killed by a non-stop up train at the station after climbing down from the platform onto the shinkansen track. On 8 July 2007 at 20:46, a person was hit and killed by a non-stop train at the station after climbing down from the platform onto the shinkansen track. On 30 December 2008 at 15:54, a woman was hit and killed by a down non-stop train at the station after climbing down from the platform onto the shinkansen track. On 10 April 2009 at 21:20, a man was hit and killed by a down non-stop train at the station after climbing down from the platform onto the shinkansen track. Odawara Station This station is served by following lines. The JR companies have staffed \"Midori no Madoguchi\" ticket offices and seat reservation counters. What is now the JR East station opened on 21 October 1920. On 9 April 2002 at 20:43, a person was hit and" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Leinster Schools Junior Cup The Leinster Schools Junior Challenge Cup is an under-age rugby union competition for schools affiliated to the Leinster Branch of the IRFU. Competition is confined to students under the age of 16. The cup is held every January - March with the final in late March. It is usually seen as a good forecast as who will win the Leinster Schools Senior Cup in the following years. The first recorded Junior Cup was held in 1909 where St. Andrew's College edged out Belvedere to take the \"inaugural\" cup. There is speculation that the competition was in existence before this but there are no surviving records to prove this. Like the Senior Cup the competition is now dominated by the \"big 6\" rugby schools (Blackrock, Belvedere, Terenure, Castleknock, Clongowes Wood and St Michaels). While Castleknock College is in fourth place with 8 wins, its last win was 1966. Presentation College Bray has recorded 5 wins, however their last win was in 1990. Pres Bray are still the only non-fee paying school to lift the Junior Cup. Only 12 different schools have lifted the Junior Cup, compared to the Senior Cup where 18 different schools have won the title. However, in the last 20 years, Gonzaga, Newbridge, Pres Bray and Castleknock have contested the final. Blackrock College have the most victories (51), followed by Belvedere College (17) with Terenure College the next best (10). Despite the domination of the rugby schools the Cup is much less prone to \"runs\" of victories by a single school, the longest being Belvedere's 4 (1916-1919) and Blackrock's 4s (1979-1982) and (2013-2016) To date only five schools have achieved the Senior and Junior Cup double. These are Blackrock, who have achieved this feat 27 times (1910, 1912, 1927, 1933, 1935–36, 1942–43, 1945, 1948, 1953–54, 1956–57, 1962, 1964, 1981–82, 1986–87, 1995, 2004, 2006, 2013–14, 2018), St Michaels (2012), Belvedere (2005), Terenure (1958) and Castleknock (1920). Since the Junior Cup records began, only the decade of the 1970s did not produce a double. Even more rare is to lose both the Senior and Junior Cup Finals in the same year. This depressing feat has been achieved by seven schools on 12 occasions. Terenure College leads with 4 (1957, 1964, 1969 & 1987), followed by Belvedere College with 3 (1930, 1944 & 1962), next Blackrock College (2017), St. Michael's College (2010), St Mary's College (1943), Newbridge College (1939) and Cistercian College Roscrea (1910) with 1 each. Remarkably Blackrock College had never been beaten in both finals in the same year until 2017. Blackrock College have only been defeated in successive finals on three occasions. In the 1919/20 they were runners up two times in a row, defeated by Belvedere in 1919 followed by a walkover by Castleknock in 1920. The second occasion was thirty years later in 1949/50 when they were defeated in successive finals by Clongowes Wood College and Newbridge College respectively. The third and last occasion was when Blackrock College were beaten three times in a row by Terenure College in 1976, 1977 and 1978. During the 16 years from 1975 to 1990 the Junior Cup was won by only three different schools. Blackrock College with 7 wins, Terenure College with 5 wins and Presentation College Bray with 4 wins. In the 1971 JCT final Terenure College were defeated 6-5 in a replay by St Mary's College, following an earlier 3-3 draw. Terenure College scored a converted try which at the time was just 5 points (3+2) to St Mary's two penalties 6 points. In the 1977 JCT Final at Lansdowne Road, Terenure were trailing Blackrock by 10 points to 9 points at the stroke of full time when they were awarded a penalty from inside their own half, directly in front of the posts. Up stepped their out-half, 15 year old Paul Downes who converted the 60 yards (55 metre) penalty with a beautiful strike to win the cup. When asked afterwards was he nervous before taking the shot, he replied \"not at all, I thought we had 10 minutes left\". Paul had looked at the clock before he took the shot and saw 30 minutes had passed, he mistakenly thought the game ran for 40 minutes, leaving him relaxed to take the shot and win the cup. St Michael's has the distinction of being runners up in 5 finals in a row (2007-2011), they were eventual winners in their 6th final in a row in 2012. In 2018 St Mary's College once again lost a JCT final to its sister school Blackrock College. St Mary's College have never managed to defeat Blackrock College in either a JCT or SCT final, losing out on four occasions in both competitions. Note: This list is based on the information below which may be incomplete. Leinster" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Aman Foundation The Aman Foundation is a not for profit trust, based in Karachi, Pakistan. In 2015, under the \"Shajar-e-Aman\" plantation drive the Aman Foundation planted 2,000 local trees, and 200 flowers at the Hill Park, Karachi. In 2016, the Aman Foundation, in collaboration with the Edhi Foundation initiated the annual Edhi Award for Pre-hospital Care. The Aman Foundation has developed a complete healthcare eco-system, targeting important healthcare matters. Aman Health established heat relief camps in Karachi during the 2015 Pakistan heat wave. Aman Health’s flagship initiative, Aman Ambulance, has changed the landscape of emergency care in Pakistan and is the first state-of-the-art ambulatory vehicle network providing round-the-clock emergency care in the province of Sindh. However seemed unable to provide assistance in the case of a 10 year old girl shot in the head by a bullet, leading to her unfortunate death. With a fleet of 60 ambulances, the service includes 227 Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs), 16 doctors and life-saving drugs and equipment, providing 24/7 emergency medical interventions with an average response of 12 minutes. The Aman Ambulance also holds the recognition of being awarded the ‘Best In Asia’ EMS Service Award, in 2014, by The Asian Emergency Council. Aman Ambulance is run on international protocols, equipped with the latest medical equipment and life-saving drugs and is staffed with trained medical professionals. The service provides a tiered emergency response system with Basic Life Support Ambulances and Advanced Life Support Ambulances equipped with AED machines and cardiac monitors. In addition, Advanced Cardiac Life Support Ambulances are equipped with ECG machines, which is a unique service available in Karachi. The Aman Community Health Program (ACHP) disseminates basic preventive healthcare information through community members to reduce the incidence of disease and death in Karachi’s most affected population. The ACHP consists of a mobile field force of hundreds of women trained to initiate inquiries and follow-ups on health issues that are common in their local communities. These include maternal and neo-natal care, malaria, acute infections and addictions. This program empowers underprivileged citizens, especially women, to participate in community welfare activities and increase their access to medical attention for key healthcare issues. MASHAL, the which means torch in the Urdu Language, also stands for ‘Mental and Social Health Advocacy and Literacy’. It is the Mental Health Initiative launched under The Aman Foundation. SUKH concentrates on maternal and child health. The program was initiated to increase the Modern Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (MCPR) while at the same time ensuring sustainability. It mainly focuses on increasing the demand for Family Planning services and enhancing the quality of services that the facility provides. The Sukh Initiative emerged from commitments made between Aman Foundation, David and Lucile Packard Foundation and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, after the 2012 London Summit on family planning. Considering the unaffordability of healthcare service for a large majority of the Pakistani population, AMAN TELEHEALTH service was initiated to offer consultations, advice and triage for the most common illnesses over the phone. Besides dealing with common physical ailments, AMAN TELEHEALTH also offers mental health advice via a Mental Health Counsellor. This service especially targets women by offering them a platform via which they can seek medical advice and counseling without leaving their homes. Aman Tech is a vocational training institute established in 2011. The institute is providing skills, knowledge, hands-on training and soft skills to the youth which allows them to exploit employment opportunities locally and abroad. AmanTech offers courses in 15 trades and to maintain its quality standards it has partnered with leading organizations in vocational training including City & Guilds of the UK and Skills International. Initially the institute only catered male students but recently AmanTech has launched a Stitching Machinist course for both girls and boys, in collaboration with Yunus Textile Mills. INJAZ Pakistan is a social impact organization. It was initiated and incubated by the Aman Foundation in April 2012. INJAZ Pakistan works on developing and encouraging entrepreneurial, work-readiness and financial literacy skills amongst children between the ages of 14 to 24, in Pakistan. In 2016, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with INJAZ Pakistan for facilitating and conducting training sessions at ICCBS. Aman Foundation The Aman Foundation is a not for profit trust, based in Karachi, Pakistan. In 2015, under the \"Shajar-e-Aman\" plantation drive the Aman Foundation planted 2,000 local trees, and 200 flowers at the Hill Park, Karachi. In 2016, the Aman Foundation, in collaboration with the Edhi Foundation initiated the annual Edhi Award for Pre-hospital Care. The Aman Foundation has developed a complete healthcare eco-system, targeting important healthcare matters. Aman Health established heat relief camps in Karachi during the 2015 Pakistan heat wave. Aman Health’s flagship initiative, Aman Ambulance, has changed the landscape of emergency care in Pakistan" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "August Wünsche Karl August Wünsche (August 22, 1838, Hainewalde bei Zittau - November 15, 1912, Dresden) was a German Christian Hebraist. He devoted his attention almost exclusively to rabbinic literature. After completing his commentaries on the \"Book of Hosea\" (1868) and \"Book of Joel\" (1872), he wrote \"Neue Beiträge zur Erläuterung der Evangelien aus Talmud und Midrasch\" (1878), the most complete collection of the parallel passages of the Talmud and the New Testament since the works of John Lightfoot and Johann Christian Schöttgen. In his \"Bibliotheca Rabbinica\" (Leipzig, 1880–85) he made a German translation of the whole of the \"Midrash Rabbah\" and the \"Midrash to the Five Megillot\", and he also translated haggadic portions of the Jerusalem Talmud (1880) and of the Babylonian Talmud (1886–89), as well as the \"Pesiḳta\" (1885) and the \"Midrash to the Psalms\" (1891). Smaller works of his are: Together with Jakob Winter he compiled the \"Geschichte der Jüdischen Litteratur\" (3 vols., Leipzig, 1892–95). August Wünsche Karl August Wünsche (August 22, 1838, Hainewalde bei Zittau - November 15, 1912, Dresden) was a German Christian Hebraist. He devoted his attention almost exclusively to rabbinic literature. After completing his commentaries on the \"Book of Hosea\" (1868) and \"Book" ] }
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{ "retrieved": [ "Axis Forex Online Axis Forex is an online money transfer service by the Axis Bank that provides outward remittance services. In 1993 the Bank was launched as UTI, which was later rebranded as Axis Bank in 2007. In August 2013, it became one of the early forex solution providers to issue a Forex prepaid card that can be loaded with multiple currencies. In 2016 they launched its Axis Forex Online platform as an independent service. In April 2018, the company entered into a partnership with Mastercard to launch Forex card for football fans. It allows money transfer in more than 150 countries in over 100 currencies with a limit of $25,000 in a single transaction and $250,000 yearly limit. Axis Bank offers contactless multi currency Forex cards to Indian travelers for making transactions while travelling abroad. It also allows to order currency online and delivers directly at the doorstep. Axis Forex, under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme and Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 is allowed to do operations in the country and it is regulated by the Reserve Bank of India. Axis Forex Online Axis Forex is an online money transfer service by the Axis Bank that provides outward remittance services." ] }
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