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Who was the chair of Confédération des syndicats nationaux in Feb, 2002?
|
February 10, 2002
|
{
"text": [
"Claudette Carbonneau"
]
}
|
L2_Q2992672_P488_0
|
Claudette Carbonneau is the chair of Confédération des syndicats nationaux from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2011.
Jacques Létourneau is the chair of Confédération des syndicats nationaux from Jan, 2012 to Jun, 2021.
Caroline Senneville is the chair of Confédération des syndicats nationaux from Jun, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
|
Confédération des syndicats nationauxThe Confédération des syndicats nationaux (CSN; Confederation of National Trade Unions) is the second largest trade union federation in Quebec by membership.It was founded in Hull in 1921 as the "Confédération des travailleurs catholiques du Canada" (Catholic Workers Confederation of Canada). It became the CSN only in 1960 when it became secular. The CSN developed a close relationship with the Quebec Liberal Party and worked together to reform Québec's labor law in 1965 to extend collective bargaining to government employees. However, by the late 1960s the CSN had fallen out of favor with the provincial government as it became radicalized and threw its support behind social movements.In 1971, the three leading Quebec unions, the CSN, the CEQ teacher's union, and the Québec Federation of Labour (FTQ) voted to form the Common Front, a syndicalist organization demanding a unified minimum wage for their 250,000 members. When negotiations failed between the Common Front and the Liberal government, the unions launched the largest general strike in Canadian history. When the strike's leaders were jailed for defying orders to return to work, the strike lost momentum and the Common Front broke apart.The CSN first formally supported Quebec sovereignty in May 1990. It had, however, been associated with the sovereignty movement long before. In both the 1973 and 1976 provincial elections, the CSN, without formally endorsing the Parti québécois, let it be known that it considered the PQ to be most closely aligned with workers' interests. During the 1980 Quebec referendum, the CSN supported a yes vote on "sovereignty-association".The CSN is characterized by decentralized administration: local unions are organized into federations by sector of activity and regional councils, and are very independent from the central organization. It is also the most politically active trade union in Quebec.The Confederation currently has about 300,000 members, distributed evenly between men and women, and between the private and public sectors. Marc Laviolette was replaced as president in 2002 by Claudette Carbonneau. Louis Roy, Roger Valois, and Denise Boucher are the 1st, 2nd and 3rd vice-presidents, respectively. Lise Poulin is the secretary and Pierre Patry is the treasurer.The Montreal Central Council of the CSN endorsed Québec solidaire for the 2007 Quebec election.
|
[
"Caroline Senneville",
"Jacques Létourneau"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Confédération des syndicats nationaux in Dec, 2012?
|
December 19, 2012
|
{
"text": [
"Jacques Létourneau"
]
}
|
L2_Q2992672_P488_1
|
Caroline Senneville is the chair of Confédération des syndicats nationaux from Jun, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
Claudette Carbonneau is the chair of Confédération des syndicats nationaux from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2011.
Jacques Létourneau is the chair of Confédération des syndicats nationaux from Jan, 2012 to Jun, 2021.
|
Confédération des syndicats nationauxThe Confédération des syndicats nationaux (CSN; Confederation of National Trade Unions) is the second largest trade union federation in Quebec by membership.It was founded in Hull in 1921 as the "Confédération des travailleurs catholiques du Canada" (Catholic Workers Confederation of Canada). It became the CSN only in 1960 when it became secular. The CSN developed a close relationship with the Quebec Liberal Party and worked together to reform Québec's labor law in 1965 to extend collective bargaining to government employees. However, by the late 1960s the CSN had fallen out of favor with the provincial government as it became radicalized and threw its support behind social movements.In 1971, the three leading Quebec unions, the CSN, the CEQ teacher's union, and the Québec Federation of Labour (FTQ) voted to form the Common Front, a syndicalist organization demanding a unified minimum wage for their 250,000 members. When negotiations failed between the Common Front and the Liberal government, the unions launched the largest general strike in Canadian history. When the strike's leaders were jailed for defying orders to return to work, the strike lost momentum and the Common Front broke apart.The CSN first formally supported Quebec sovereignty in May 1990. It had, however, been associated with the sovereignty movement long before. In both the 1973 and 1976 provincial elections, the CSN, without formally endorsing the Parti québécois, let it be known that it considered the PQ to be most closely aligned with workers' interests. During the 1980 Quebec referendum, the CSN supported a yes vote on "sovereignty-association".The CSN is characterized by decentralized administration: local unions are organized into federations by sector of activity and regional councils, and are very independent from the central organization. It is also the most politically active trade union in Quebec.The Confederation currently has about 300,000 members, distributed evenly between men and women, and between the private and public sectors. Marc Laviolette was replaced as president in 2002 by Claudette Carbonneau. Louis Roy, Roger Valois, and Denise Boucher are the 1st, 2nd and 3rd vice-presidents, respectively. Lise Poulin is the secretary and Pierre Patry is the treasurer.The Montreal Central Council of the CSN endorsed Québec solidaire for the 2007 Quebec election.
|
[
"Caroline Senneville",
"Claudette Carbonneau"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Confédération des syndicats nationaux in Jul, 2021?
|
July 25, 2021
|
{
"text": [
"Caroline Senneville"
]
}
|
L2_Q2992672_P488_2
|
Claudette Carbonneau is the chair of Confédération des syndicats nationaux from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2011.
Jacques Létourneau is the chair of Confédération des syndicats nationaux from Jan, 2012 to Jun, 2021.
Caroline Senneville is the chair of Confédération des syndicats nationaux from Jun, 2021 to Dec, 2022.
|
Confédération des syndicats nationauxThe Confédération des syndicats nationaux (CSN; Confederation of National Trade Unions) is the second largest trade union federation in Quebec by membership.It was founded in Hull in 1921 as the "Confédération des travailleurs catholiques du Canada" (Catholic Workers Confederation of Canada). It became the CSN only in 1960 when it became secular. The CSN developed a close relationship with the Quebec Liberal Party and worked together to reform Québec's labor law in 1965 to extend collective bargaining to government employees. However, by the late 1960s the CSN had fallen out of favor with the provincial government as it became radicalized and threw its support behind social movements.In 1971, the three leading Quebec unions, the CSN, the CEQ teacher's union, and the Québec Federation of Labour (FTQ) voted to form the Common Front, a syndicalist organization demanding a unified minimum wage for their 250,000 members. When negotiations failed between the Common Front and the Liberal government, the unions launched the largest general strike in Canadian history. When the strike's leaders were jailed for defying orders to return to work, the strike lost momentum and the Common Front broke apart.The CSN first formally supported Quebec sovereignty in May 1990. It had, however, been associated with the sovereignty movement long before. In both the 1973 and 1976 provincial elections, the CSN, without formally endorsing the Parti québécois, let it be known that it considered the PQ to be most closely aligned with workers' interests. During the 1980 Quebec referendum, the CSN supported a yes vote on "sovereignty-association".The CSN is characterized by decentralized administration: local unions are organized into federations by sector of activity and regional councils, and are very independent from the central organization. It is also the most politically active trade union in Quebec.The Confederation currently has about 300,000 members, distributed evenly between men and women, and between the private and public sectors. Marc Laviolette was replaced as president in 2002 by Claudette Carbonneau. Louis Roy, Roger Valois, and Denise Boucher are the 1st, 2nd and 3rd vice-presidents, respectively. Lise Poulin is the secretary and Pierre Patry is the treasurer.The Montreal Central Council of the CSN endorsed Québec solidaire for the 2007 Quebec election.
|
[
"Jacques Létourneau",
"Claudette Carbonneau"
] |
|
Where was Frederick Fung educated in Jul, 1969?
|
July 06, 1969
|
{
"text": [
"Shau Kei Wan Government Secondary School"
]
}
|
L2_Q200501_P69_0
|
Frederick Fung attended University of Hong Kong from Jan, 1974 to Jan, 1975.
Frederick Fung attended Shau Kei Wan Government Secondary School from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1974.
Frederick Fung attended University of Bradford from Jan, 1979 to Jan, 1982.
|
Frederick FungFrederick Fung Kin-kee, SBS, JP (; born 17 March 1953) is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1991 to 1997 and from 2000 to 2016 and the former chairman of the pro-democracy Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) from 1989 to 2007.Fung pioneered pro-democrats' participation in electoral politics by standing in the 1983 Urban Council election. As well as his role in the Urban Council, he was also a member of the Sham Shui Po District Council. He was first elected to the Legislative Council in the 1991 direct election. He is noted for his middle-of-the-road strategy of "simultaneously negotiating with and confronting" Beijing and joined the Beijing-installed Provisional Legislative Council in 1996 despite the pro-democrats' boycott. Fung was a candidate for the 2012 Chief Executive election but lost in the pro-democracy primary.He resigned from the ADPL chairmanship after the party's defeat in the 2007 District Council election. He lost his Sham Shui Po District Council seat in 2015 and lost his re-election to the Legislative Council in 2016. Fung contested in the pro-democracy primary for the March 2018 Kowloon West by-election, but lost to Yiu Chung-yim. He subsequently declined to be a backup candidate for Yiu. He also drew the ire of former allies from the pro-democracy camp by standing in the November Kowloon West by-election, in a spoiler role against the camp's chosen candidate, Lee Cheuk-yan.Fung was born in Hong Kong in 1953 with the family root of Dongguan. He entered the University of Hong Kong in 1974 but was ousted a year after because he spent too much time organising social movements and failed his exams. He then joined the pressure group Society for Community Organisation. He went to the United Kingdom in 1979 and obtained his undergraduate Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Policy and Public Administration at the University of Bradford in 1982.After he returned to Hong Kong, he was noted as one of the pioneers of the pro-democrats to participate in the electoral politics, by running in the 1983 Urban Council election, the first free direct election for the municipal council. He won a seat in Sham Shui Po East with 7,450 votes, which established his long time base in the district. At the time he was the chairman of the Hong Kong People's Council on Public Housing Policy (PCPHP). In 1986, he co-founded the Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) as vice chairman. The ADPL became one of the three major pro-democracy political groups in the 1980s.In 1989, he replaced Ding Lik-kiu as chairman of the ADPL. Under his chairmanship, he was initially involved in forming the United Democrats of Hong Kong, a political party which aimed to unite all democrats in 1990, but later on refused to join his fellow democrats to form the new party, citing his association represented grassroots' interest whereas the United Democrats were more focused on the "middle class". At the time he also served as a member in the Hong Kong Housing Authority from 1990 to 1998.In the first ever direct elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 1991, he ran in Kowloon West and was elected to the legislature for the first time. A moderate pan-democrat, he is known for his middle-of-the-road strategy of "simultaneously negotiating with and confronting" Beijing, which, in his words, is to try to keep contact with the mainland authorities so you will have a chance to convince them to listen to your views. Such stance has been criticised by the mainstream and radical democrats as opportunistic and pulled him into controversy in the run-up to the 1997 handover. In 1996, he decided to join the Beijing-controlled Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Provisional Legislative Council with his party which created by Beijing as a counter legislature against the democratic legislature under Chris Patten, the last Governor of Hong Kong's electoral reform, while the other democrats boycotted the provisional legislature, criticising them as a backwards step for democracy.Amid criticism, Fung lost his seat in the 1998 Legislative Council election in Kowloon West, the first legislative election after the SAR was established along with all ADPL candidates. He returned to the Legislative Council in the 2nd Legislative Council election two years later in 1998 and was since re-elected in 2004, 2008 and 2012.He was also member of the Sham Shui Po District Council from 1999 to 2015. He resigned as chairman of the ADPL after the 2007 District Council election, after his party received a disastrous defeat. In the 2015 District Council election, he lost his long held seat in Lai Kok to a 25-year old newcomer, Chan Wing-yan, of the pro-Beijing Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) and Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong with 99-vote margin, while former ADPL member Eric Wong Chung-ki stood in the constituency, taking away 215 votes.On 8 December 2011, he decided to run for the 2012 Hong Kong Chief Executive election, but lost the primary election of the pan-democracy camp to Democratic Party's Albert Ho. In the 2012 Legislative Council election, he ran for the new territory-wide District Council (Second) functional constituency "super seat" which was created under the 2010 Hong Kong electoral reform he supported and successfully returned to the Legislative Council. Since was ineligible to run for the same constituency in 2016 Legislative Council election as he was unseated from his District Council seat in 2015. He chose to give up his long-time base in Kowloon West and ran in the New Territories West, but failed to win any seat. His decision caused criticism as he was blamed for snatching votes from other pro-democrat candidates including Lee Cheuk-yan which led to his downfall in his long time base.He participated in the pro-democracy primary of the March 2018 Kowloon West by-election after incumbent Yau Wai-ching of Youngspiration was ousted from the Legislative Council over the oath-taking controversy. His decision of running sparked intra-party conflicts. His candidacy was initially challenged by party's young member Kalvin Ho who latter withdrew from the race. Former vice-chairwoman Rosanda Mok and all ADPL's Yau Tsim Mong and Kowloon City District Councillors quit the party in the midst of the intra-party primary, in protest against Fung's candidacy. Fung eventually became the party's sole representative in the pro-democracy primary. He was defeated in the telephone polls and generic ballots in the primary to Yiu Chung-yim, the legislator who was also disqualified over the oath-taking controversy. According to the primary mechanism, Fung was a backup candidate in case Yiu was barred from running in the election. However, announced that he was under pressure to withdraw as a backup candidacy as agreed in the primary if Yiu was disqualified by the Electoral Affair Commission. "Someone from the progressive democracy bloc told me that if I ran in the poll, they would definitely send someone as well [to challenge me],” Fung said. “I hope my withdrawal will allow the hatred to dissipate."In October 2018, Fung announced that he was standing in the November Kowloon West by-election, three months after quitting the ADPL, which intended to back unity pro-democracy candidate Lau Siu-lai. Amid criticism from allies, he declared that he was unhappy that another veteran, Lee Cheuk-yan, was chosen by the pro-democracy camp as Lau’s backup, rather than himself, in case she was barred from running. When Lau was in fact barred by the government, Fung began campaigning in earnest, risking a catastrophic split in the democratic vote, and seemingly unconcerned that fellow democrats called him a "spoiler", "sore loser", and "a has-been politician who cares more about his ego than the causes he claims to espouse". As a result, Fung received 12,509 votes, about five per cent of the total vote share while Beijing-backed Chan Hoi-yan won 106,457 votes, about 900 votes more than Fung and Lee combined.Fung unsuccessfully ran for a seat on Yau Tsim Mong District Council, in Tsim Sha Tsui West constituency, during the 2019 local elections.
|
[
"University of Hong Kong",
"University of Bradford"
] |
|
Where was Frederick Fung educated in Jul, 1974?
|
July 14, 1974
|
{
"text": [
"University of Hong Kong"
]
}
|
L2_Q200501_P69_1
|
Frederick Fung attended University of Hong Kong from Jan, 1974 to Jan, 1975.
Frederick Fung attended University of Bradford from Jan, 1979 to Jan, 1982.
Frederick Fung attended Shau Kei Wan Government Secondary School from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1974.
|
Frederick FungFrederick Fung Kin-kee, SBS, JP (; born 17 March 1953) is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1991 to 1997 and from 2000 to 2016 and the former chairman of the pro-democracy Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) from 1989 to 2007.Fung pioneered pro-democrats' participation in electoral politics by standing in the 1983 Urban Council election. As well as his role in the Urban Council, he was also a member of the Sham Shui Po District Council. He was first elected to the Legislative Council in the 1991 direct election. He is noted for his middle-of-the-road strategy of "simultaneously negotiating with and confronting" Beijing and joined the Beijing-installed Provisional Legislative Council in 1996 despite the pro-democrats' boycott. Fung was a candidate for the 2012 Chief Executive election but lost in the pro-democracy primary.He resigned from the ADPL chairmanship after the party's defeat in the 2007 District Council election. He lost his Sham Shui Po District Council seat in 2015 and lost his re-election to the Legislative Council in 2016. Fung contested in the pro-democracy primary for the March 2018 Kowloon West by-election, but lost to Yiu Chung-yim. He subsequently declined to be a backup candidate for Yiu. He also drew the ire of former allies from the pro-democracy camp by standing in the November Kowloon West by-election, in a spoiler role against the camp's chosen candidate, Lee Cheuk-yan.Fung was born in Hong Kong in 1953 with the family root of Dongguan. He entered the University of Hong Kong in 1974 but was ousted a year after because he spent too much time organising social movements and failed his exams. He then joined the pressure group Society for Community Organisation. He went to the United Kingdom in 1979 and obtained his undergraduate Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Policy and Public Administration at the University of Bradford in 1982.After he returned to Hong Kong, he was noted as one of the pioneers of the pro-democrats to participate in the electoral politics, by running in the 1983 Urban Council election, the first free direct election for the municipal council. He won a seat in Sham Shui Po East with 7,450 votes, which established his long time base in the district. At the time he was the chairman of the Hong Kong People's Council on Public Housing Policy (PCPHP). In 1986, he co-founded the Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) as vice chairman. The ADPL became one of the three major pro-democracy political groups in the 1980s.In 1989, he replaced Ding Lik-kiu as chairman of the ADPL. Under his chairmanship, he was initially involved in forming the United Democrats of Hong Kong, a political party which aimed to unite all democrats in 1990, but later on refused to join his fellow democrats to form the new party, citing his association represented grassroots' interest whereas the United Democrats were more focused on the "middle class". At the time he also served as a member in the Hong Kong Housing Authority from 1990 to 1998.In the first ever direct elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 1991, he ran in Kowloon West and was elected to the legislature for the first time. A moderate pan-democrat, he is known for his middle-of-the-road strategy of "simultaneously negotiating with and confronting" Beijing, which, in his words, is to try to keep contact with the mainland authorities so you will have a chance to convince them to listen to your views. Such stance has been criticised by the mainstream and radical democrats as opportunistic and pulled him into controversy in the run-up to the 1997 handover. In 1996, he decided to join the Beijing-controlled Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Provisional Legislative Council with his party which created by Beijing as a counter legislature against the democratic legislature under Chris Patten, the last Governor of Hong Kong's electoral reform, while the other democrats boycotted the provisional legislature, criticising them as a backwards step for democracy.Amid criticism, Fung lost his seat in the 1998 Legislative Council election in Kowloon West, the first legislative election after the SAR was established along with all ADPL candidates. He returned to the Legislative Council in the 2nd Legislative Council election two years later in 1998 and was since re-elected in 2004, 2008 and 2012.He was also member of the Sham Shui Po District Council from 1999 to 2015. He resigned as chairman of the ADPL after the 2007 District Council election, after his party received a disastrous defeat. In the 2015 District Council election, he lost his long held seat in Lai Kok to a 25-year old newcomer, Chan Wing-yan, of the pro-Beijing Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) and Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong with 99-vote margin, while former ADPL member Eric Wong Chung-ki stood in the constituency, taking away 215 votes.On 8 December 2011, he decided to run for the 2012 Hong Kong Chief Executive election, but lost the primary election of the pan-democracy camp to Democratic Party's Albert Ho. In the 2012 Legislative Council election, he ran for the new territory-wide District Council (Second) functional constituency "super seat" which was created under the 2010 Hong Kong electoral reform he supported and successfully returned to the Legislative Council. Since was ineligible to run for the same constituency in 2016 Legislative Council election as he was unseated from his District Council seat in 2015. He chose to give up his long-time base in Kowloon West and ran in the New Territories West, but failed to win any seat. His decision caused criticism as he was blamed for snatching votes from other pro-democrat candidates including Lee Cheuk-yan which led to his downfall in his long time base.He participated in the pro-democracy primary of the March 2018 Kowloon West by-election after incumbent Yau Wai-ching of Youngspiration was ousted from the Legislative Council over the oath-taking controversy. His decision of running sparked intra-party conflicts. His candidacy was initially challenged by party's young member Kalvin Ho who latter withdrew from the race. Former vice-chairwoman Rosanda Mok and all ADPL's Yau Tsim Mong and Kowloon City District Councillors quit the party in the midst of the intra-party primary, in protest against Fung's candidacy. Fung eventually became the party's sole representative in the pro-democracy primary. He was defeated in the telephone polls and generic ballots in the primary to Yiu Chung-yim, the legislator who was also disqualified over the oath-taking controversy. According to the primary mechanism, Fung was a backup candidate in case Yiu was barred from running in the election. However, announced that he was under pressure to withdraw as a backup candidacy as agreed in the primary if Yiu was disqualified by the Electoral Affair Commission. "Someone from the progressive democracy bloc told me that if I ran in the poll, they would definitely send someone as well [to challenge me],” Fung said. “I hope my withdrawal will allow the hatred to dissipate."In October 2018, Fung announced that he was standing in the November Kowloon West by-election, three months after quitting the ADPL, which intended to back unity pro-democracy candidate Lau Siu-lai. Amid criticism from allies, he declared that he was unhappy that another veteran, Lee Cheuk-yan, was chosen by the pro-democracy camp as Lau’s backup, rather than himself, in case she was barred from running. When Lau was in fact barred by the government, Fung began campaigning in earnest, risking a catastrophic split in the democratic vote, and seemingly unconcerned that fellow democrats called him a "spoiler", "sore loser", and "a has-been politician who cares more about his ego than the causes he claims to espouse". As a result, Fung received 12,509 votes, about five per cent of the total vote share while Beijing-backed Chan Hoi-yan won 106,457 votes, about 900 votes more than Fung and Lee combined.Fung unsuccessfully ran for a seat on Yau Tsim Mong District Council, in Tsim Sha Tsui West constituency, during the 2019 local elections.
|
[
"Shau Kei Wan Government Secondary School",
"University of Bradford"
] |
|
Where was Frederick Fung educated in Jun, 1981?
|
June 08, 1981
|
{
"text": [
"University of Bradford"
]
}
|
L2_Q200501_P69_2
|
Frederick Fung attended University of Bradford from Jan, 1979 to Jan, 1982.
Frederick Fung attended University of Hong Kong from Jan, 1974 to Jan, 1975.
Frederick Fung attended Shau Kei Wan Government Secondary School from Jan, 1966 to Jan, 1974.
|
Frederick FungFrederick Fung Kin-kee, SBS, JP (; born 17 March 1953) is a former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1991 to 1997 and from 2000 to 2016 and the former chairman of the pro-democracy Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) from 1989 to 2007.Fung pioneered pro-democrats' participation in electoral politics by standing in the 1983 Urban Council election. As well as his role in the Urban Council, he was also a member of the Sham Shui Po District Council. He was first elected to the Legislative Council in the 1991 direct election. He is noted for his middle-of-the-road strategy of "simultaneously negotiating with and confronting" Beijing and joined the Beijing-installed Provisional Legislative Council in 1996 despite the pro-democrats' boycott. Fung was a candidate for the 2012 Chief Executive election but lost in the pro-democracy primary.He resigned from the ADPL chairmanship after the party's defeat in the 2007 District Council election. He lost his Sham Shui Po District Council seat in 2015 and lost his re-election to the Legislative Council in 2016. Fung contested in the pro-democracy primary for the March 2018 Kowloon West by-election, but lost to Yiu Chung-yim. He subsequently declined to be a backup candidate for Yiu. He also drew the ire of former allies from the pro-democracy camp by standing in the November Kowloon West by-election, in a spoiler role against the camp's chosen candidate, Lee Cheuk-yan.Fung was born in Hong Kong in 1953 with the family root of Dongguan. He entered the University of Hong Kong in 1974 but was ousted a year after because he spent too much time organising social movements and failed his exams. He then joined the pressure group Society for Community Organisation. He went to the United Kingdom in 1979 and obtained his undergraduate Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Policy and Public Administration at the University of Bradford in 1982.After he returned to Hong Kong, he was noted as one of the pioneers of the pro-democrats to participate in the electoral politics, by running in the 1983 Urban Council election, the first free direct election for the municipal council. He won a seat in Sham Shui Po East with 7,450 votes, which established his long time base in the district. At the time he was the chairman of the Hong Kong People's Council on Public Housing Policy (PCPHP). In 1986, he co-founded the Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) as vice chairman. The ADPL became one of the three major pro-democracy political groups in the 1980s.In 1989, he replaced Ding Lik-kiu as chairman of the ADPL. Under his chairmanship, he was initially involved in forming the United Democrats of Hong Kong, a political party which aimed to unite all democrats in 1990, but later on refused to join his fellow democrats to form the new party, citing his association represented grassroots' interest whereas the United Democrats were more focused on the "middle class". At the time he also served as a member in the Hong Kong Housing Authority from 1990 to 1998.In the first ever direct elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 1991, he ran in Kowloon West and was elected to the legislature for the first time. A moderate pan-democrat, he is known for his middle-of-the-road strategy of "simultaneously negotiating with and confronting" Beijing, which, in his words, is to try to keep contact with the mainland authorities so you will have a chance to convince them to listen to your views. Such stance has been criticised by the mainstream and radical democrats as opportunistic and pulled him into controversy in the run-up to the 1997 handover. In 1996, he decided to join the Beijing-controlled Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Provisional Legislative Council with his party which created by Beijing as a counter legislature against the democratic legislature under Chris Patten, the last Governor of Hong Kong's electoral reform, while the other democrats boycotted the provisional legislature, criticising them as a backwards step for democracy.Amid criticism, Fung lost his seat in the 1998 Legislative Council election in Kowloon West, the first legislative election after the SAR was established along with all ADPL candidates. He returned to the Legislative Council in the 2nd Legislative Council election two years later in 1998 and was since re-elected in 2004, 2008 and 2012.He was also member of the Sham Shui Po District Council from 1999 to 2015. He resigned as chairman of the ADPL after the 2007 District Council election, after his party received a disastrous defeat. In the 2015 District Council election, he lost his long held seat in Lai Kok to a 25-year old newcomer, Chan Wing-yan, of the pro-Beijing Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) and Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong with 99-vote margin, while former ADPL member Eric Wong Chung-ki stood in the constituency, taking away 215 votes.On 8 December 2011, he decided to run for the 2012 Hong Kong Chief Executive election, but lost the primary election of the pan-democracy camp to Democratic Party's Albert Ho. In the 2012 Legislative Council election, he ran for the new territory-wide District Council (Second) functional constituency "super seat" which was created under the 2010 Hong Kong electoral reform he supported and successfully returned to the Legislative Council. Since was ineligible to run for the same constituency in 2016 Legislative Council election as he was unseated from his District Council seat in 2015. He chose to give up his long-time base in Kowloon West and ran in the New Territories West, but failed to win any seat. His decision caused criticism as he was blamed for snatching votes from other pro-democrat candidates including Lee Cheuk-yan which led to his downfall in his long time base.He participated in the pro-democracy primary of the March 2018 Kowloon West by-election after incumbent Yau Wai-ching of Youngspiration was ousted from the Legislative Council over the oath-taking controversy. His decision of running sparked intra-party conflicts. His candidacy was initially challenged by party's young member Kalvin Ho who latter withdrew from the race. Former vice-chairwoman Rosanda Mok and all ADPL's Yau Tsim Mong and Kowloon City District Councillors quit the party in the midst of the intra-party primary, in protest against Fung's candidacy. Fung eventually became the party's sole representative in the pro-democracy primary. He was defeated in the telephone polls and generic ballots in the primary to Yiu Chung-yim, the legislator who was also disqualified over the oath-taking controversy. According to the primary mechanism, Fung was a backup candidate in case Yiu was barred from running in the election. However, announced that he was under pressure to withdraw as a backup candidacy as agreed in the primary if Yiu was disqualified by the Electoral Affair Commission. "Someone from the progressive democracy bloc told me that if I ran in the poll, they would definitely send someone as well [to challenge me],” Fung said. “I hope my withdrawal will allow the hatred to dissipate."In October 2018, Fung announced that he was standing in the November Kowloon West by-election, three months after quitting the ADPL, which intended to back unity pro-democracy candidate Lau Siu-lai. Amid criticism from allies, he declared that he was unhappy that another veteran, Lee Cheuk-yan, was chosen by the pro-democracy camp as Lau’s backup, rather than himself, in case she was barred from running. When Lau was in fact barred by the government, Fung began campaigning in earnest, risking a catastrophic split in the democratic vote, and seemingly unconcerned that fellow democrats called him a "spoiler", "sore loser", and "a has-been politician who cares more about his ego than the causes he claims to espouse". As a result, Fung received 12,509 votes, about five per cent of the total vote share while Beijing-backed Chan Hoi-yan won 106,457 votes, about 900 votes more than Fung and Lee combined.Fung unsuccessfully ran for a seat on Yau Tsim Mong District Council, in Tsim Sha Tsui West constituency, during the 2019 local elections.
|
[
"University of Hong Kong",
"Shau Kei Wan Government Secondary School"
] |
|
Which employer did Friedrich Leo work for in Jan, 1877?
|
January 05, 1877
|
{
"text": [
"University of Bonn"
]
}
|
L2_Q71353_P108_0
|
Friedrich Leo works for University of Bonn from Jan, 1877 to Jan, 1881.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Strasbourg from Jan, 1888 to Jan, 1889.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1881 to Jan, 1883.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Göttingen from Jan, 1889 to Jan, 1914.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Rostock from Jan, 1883 to Jan, 1888.
|
Friedrich LeoFriedrich Leo (July 10, 1851 – January 15, 1914) was a German classical philologist born in Regenwalde, in the then-province of Pomerania (present-day Resko, Poland).From 1868 he was a student at the University of Göttingen, and following military duty in the Franco-Prussian War, he continued his education at the University of Bonn, where he had as instructors Franz Bücheler and Hermann Usener. At Bonn his fellow students included Georg Kaibel, Friedrich von Duhn, Georg Dehio and Hans Delbrück. After graduation in 1873 he toured countries of the Mediterranean extensively.In 1881 he became an associate professor at the University of Kiel, followed by professorships at the Universities of Rostock (1883), Strasbourg (1888) and Göttingen (1889). At the latter institution he was university rector (1903–4), and was a colleague of Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff. In 1889 he became a member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences.Much of Leo's earlier work concerned research of Seneca's tragedies and the writings of Venantius Fortunatus. Later his focus dealt largely with works of Roman playwright Plautus and early Roman literature in general. A few of his better known publications are the following:In 1883 Leo married Cécile Hensel (1858–1928), daughter of the landowner and entrepreneur Sebastian Hensel, granddaughter of the composer Fanny Mendelssohn and the painter Wilhelm Hensel and descendant of the entrepreneur and philosopher Moses Mendelssohn and sister of the philosopher Paul Hensel and the mathematician Kurt Hensel. Both Leo and his wife came from families who were assimilated German Jews, having converted to Lutheranism in the early 19th century. The couple had three children: Erika Brecht (1887–1949), the writer (1890–1964) and the theologian Paul Leo (1893–1958).
|
[
"University of Rostock",
"University of Strasbourg",
"University of Kiel",
"University of Göttingen"
] |
|
Which employer did Friedrich Leo work for in Jul, 1882?
|
July 21, 1882
|
{
"text": [
"University of Kiel"
]
}
|
L2_Q71353_P108_1
|
Friedrich Leo works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1881 to Jan, 1883.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Strasbourg from Jan, 1888 to Jan, 1889.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Bonn from Jan, 1877 to Jan, 1881.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Rostock from Jan, 1883 to Jan, 1888.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Göttingen from Jan, 1889 to Jan, 1914.
|
Friedrich LeoFriedrich Leo (July 10, 1851 – January 15, 1914) was a German classical philologist born in Regenwalde, in the then-province of Pomerania (present-day Resko, Poland).From 1868 he was a student at the University of Göttingen, and following military duty in the Franco-Prussian War, he continued his education at the University of Bonn, where he had as instructors Franz Bücheler and Hermann Usener. At Bonn his fellow students included Georg Kaibel, Friedrich von Duhn, Georg Dehio and Hans Delbrück. After graduation in 1873 he toured countries of the Mediterranean extensively.In 1881 he became an associate professor at the University of Kiel, followed by professorships at the Universities of Rostock (1883), Strasbourg (1888) and Göttingen (1889). At the latter institution he was university rector (1903–4), and was a colleague of Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff. In 1889 he became a member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences.Much of Leo's earlier work concerned research of Seneca's tragedies and the writings of Venantius Fortunatus. Later his focus dealt largely with works of Roman playwright Plautus and early Roman literature in general. A few of his better known publications are the following:In 1883 Leo married Cécile Hensel (1858–1928), daughter of the landowner and entrepreneur Sebastian Hensel, granddaughter of the composer Fanny Mendelssohn and the painter Wilhelm Hensel and descendant of the entrepreneur and philosopher Moses Mendelssohn and sister of the philosopher Paul Hensel and the mathematician Kurt Hensel. Both Leo and his wife came from families who were assimilated German Jews, having converted to Lutheranism in the early 19th century. The couple had three children: Erika Brecht (1887–1949), the writer (1890–1964) and the theologian Paul Leo (1893–1958).
|
[
"University of Bonn",
"University of Rostock",
"University of Strasbourg",
"University of Göttingen"
] |
|
Which employer did Friedrich Leo work for in Sep, 1885?
|
September 23, 1885
|
{
"text": [
"University of Rostock"
]
}
|
L2_Q71353_P108_2
|
Friedrich Leo works for University of Rostock from Jan, 1883 to Jan, 1888.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Strasbourg from Jan, 1888 to Jan, 1889.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Göttingen from Jan, 1889 to Jan, 1914.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Bonn from Jan, 1877 to Jan, 1881.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1881 to Jan, 1883.
|
Friedrich LeoFriedrich Leo (July 10, 1851 – January 15, 1914) was a German classical philologist born in Regenwalde, in the then-province of Pomerania (present-day Resko, Poland).From 1868 he was a student at the University of Göttingen, and following military duty in the Franco-Prussian War, he continued his education at the University of Bonn, where he had as instructors Franz Bücheler and Hermann Usener. At Bonn his fellow students included Georg Kaibel, Friedrich von Duhn, Georg Dehio and Hans Delbrück. After graduation in 1873 he toured countries of the Mediterranean extensively.In 1881 he became an associate professor at the University of Kiel, followed by professorships at the Universities of Rostock (1883), Strasbourg (1888) and Göttingen (1889). At the latter institution he was university rector (1903–4), and was a colleague of Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff. In 1889 he became a member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences.Much of Leo's earlier work concerned research of Seneca's tragedies and the writings of Venantius Fortunatus. Later his focus dealt largely with works of Roman playwright Plautus and early Roman literature in general. A few of his better known publications are the following:In 1883 Leo married Cécile Hensel (1858–1928), daughter of the landowner and entrepreneur Sebastian Hensel, granddaughter of the composer Fanny Mendelssohn and the painter Wilhelm Hensel and descendant of the entrepreneur and philosopher Moses Mendelssohn and sister of the philosopher Paul Hensel and the mathematician Kurt Hensel. Both Leo and his wife came from families who were assimilated German Jews, having converted to Lutheranism in the early 19th century. The couple had three children: Erika Brecht (1887–1949), the writer (1890–1964) and the theologian Paul Leo (1893–1958).
|
[
"University of Bonn",
"University of Strasbourg",
"University of Kiel",
"University of Göttingen"
] |
|
Which employer did Friedrich Leo work for in Jun, 1888?
|
June 17, 1888
|
{
"text": [
"University of Strasbourg"
]
}
|
L2_Q71353_P108_3
|
Friedrich Leo works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1881 to Jan, 1883.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Bonn from Jan, 1877 to Jan, 1881.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Rostock from Jan, 1883 to Jan, 1888.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Strasbourg from Jan, 1888 to Jan, 1889.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Göttingen from Jan, 1889 to Jan, 1914.
|
Friedrich LeoFriedrich Leo (July 10, 1851 – January 15, 1914) was a German classical philologist born in Regenwalde, in the then-province of Pomerania (present-day Resko, Poland).From 1868 he was a student at the University of Göttingen, and following military duty in the Franco-Prussian War, he continued his education at the University of Bonn, where he had as instructors Franz Bücheler and Hermann Usener. At Bonn his fellow students included Georg Kaibel, Friedrich von Duhn, Georg Dehio and Hans Delbrück. After graduation in 1873 he toured countries of the Mediterranean extensively.In 1881 he became an associate professor at the University of Kiel, followed by professorships at the Universities of Rostock (1883), Strasbourg (1888) and Göttingen (1889). At the latter institution he was university rector (1903–4), and was a colleague of Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff. In 1889 he became a member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences.Much of Leo's earlier work concerned research of Seneca's tragedies and the writings of Venantius Fortunatus. Later his focus dealt largely with works of Roman playwright Plautus and early Roman literature in general. A few of his better known publications are the following:In 1883 Leo married Cécile Hensel (1858–1928), daughter of the landowner and entrepreneur Sebastian Hensel, granddaughter of the composer Fanny Mendelssohn and the painter Wilhelm Hensel and descendant of the entrepreneur and philosopher Moses Mendelssohn and sister of the philosopher Paul Hensel and the mathematician Kurt Hensel. Both Leo and his wife came from families who were assimilated German Jews, having converted to Lutheranism in the early 19th century. The couple had three children: Erika Brecht (1887–1949), the writer (1890–1964) and the theologian Paul Leo (1893–1958).
|
[
"University of Bonn",
"University of Rostock",
"University of Kiel",
"University of Göttingen"
] |
|
Which employer did Friedrich Leo work for in Aug, 1896?
|
August 23, 1896
|
{
"text": [
"University of Göttingen"
]
}
|
L2_Q71353_P108_4
|
Friedrich Leo works for University of Göttingen from Jan, 1889 to Jan, 1914.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Kiel from Jan, 1881 to Jan, 1883.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Bonn from Jan, 1877 to Jan, 1881.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Rostock from Jan, 1883 to Jan, 1888.
Friedrich Leo works for University of Strasbourg from Jan, 1888 to Jan, 1889.
|
Friedrich LeoFriedrich Leo (July 10, 1851 – January 15, 1914) was a German classical philologist born in Regenwalde, in the then-province of Pomerania (present-day Resko, Poland).From 1868 he was a student at the University of Göttingen, and following military duty in the Franco-Prussian War, he continued his education at the University of Bonn, where he had as instructors Franz Bücheler and Hermann Usener. At Bonn his fellow students included Georg Kaibel, Friedrich von Duhn, Georg Dehio and Hans Delbrück. After graduation in 1873 he toured countries of the Mediterranean extensively.In 1881 he became an associate professor at the University of Kiel, followed by professorships at the Universities of Rostock (1883), Strasbourg (1888) and Göttingen (1889). At the latter institution he was university rector (1903–4), and was a colleague of Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff. In 1889 he became a member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences.Much of Leo's earlier work concerned research of Seneca's tragedies and the writings of Venantius Fortunatus. Later his focus dealt largely with works of Roman playwright Plautus and early Roman literature in general. A few of his better known publications are the following:In 1883 Leo married Cécile Hensel (1858–1928), daughter of the landowner and entrepreneur Sebastian Hensel, granddaughter of the composer Fanny Mendelssohn and the painter Wilhelm Hensel and descendant of the entrepreneur and philosopher Moses Mendelssohn and sister of the philosopher Paul Hensel and the mathematician Kurt Hensel. Both Leo and his wife came from families who were assimilated German Jews, having converted to Lutheranism in the early 19th century. The couple had three children: Erika Brecht (1887–1949), the writer (1890–1964) and the theologian Paul Leo (1893–1958).
|
[
"University of Bonn",
"University of Rostock",
"University of Strasbourg",
"University of Kiel"
] |
|
Which position did Edgardo Angara hold in Aug, 1994?
|
August 14, 1994
|
{
"text": [
"President of the Senate of the Philippines"
]
}
|
L2_Q1284303_P39_0
|
Edgardo Angara holds the position of Member of the Senate of the Philippines from Jun, 2001 to Jun, 2013.
Edgardo Angara holds the position of President of the Senate of the Philippines from Jan, 1993 to Aug, 1995.
Edgardo Angara holds the position of Secretary of Agriculture from May, 1999 to Jan, 2001.
|
Edgardo AngaraEdgardo Javier Angara (, September 24, 1934 – May 13, 2018) was a Filipino politician who served as the President of the Senate of the Philippines from 1993 to 1995. He was a Senator from 1987 to 1998 and then served as Secretary of Agriculture from 1999 to 2001. He served in the Senate again from 2001 to 2013. He also previously served as the President of the University of the Philippines, and was succeeded by political scientist Dr. José Abueva.Edgardo Angara was born in Baler, Aurora. He earned his Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of the Philippines in 1958. While in university, he joined the Sigma Rho fraternity. Upon graduation, he was elected to the Pi Gamma Mu and Phi Kappa Phi international honor societies. He earned his LL.M. from the University of Michigan Law School in the United States in 1964.In May 1972, Angara together with classmates (and fraternity brothers from Sigma Rho) from the UP College of Law and Juan Ponce Enrile, founded the ACCRA Law Offices, which became the country's most recognized and prestigious law firm in less than a decade. From 1981 to 1987, Angara became president of the University of the Philippines. He rallied alumni in the country and abroad to pool their resources for various projects to mark UP's diamond jubilee in 1983, including the creation of additional professorial chairs and faculty grants. Through his efforts, the liberal arts curriculum was strengthened, a seven-year honors medical curriculum installed, humanities and science were energized, and a multi-campus university organization was instituted.He defended the state university's tradition of dissent and fiscal autonomy, while maintaining its reputation for academic excellence. He established stronger links with the business community and alumni organizations, raising the biggest faculty endowment in the university.Angara's achievements brought him into politics. He first served as senator from 1987 until 1992. By this time, he had established a reputation as a resolute reformer and firm leader, winning praise for his non-confrontational stance on contentious domestic and international issues, while building consensus at the same time.He was Senate President from 1993 to 1995. As a Senate Chief, Angara, with his aggressive and consensus-building approach leadership style, rallied the Upper Chamber to pass bills and resolutions for an Executive-Legislative cooperation in economic reforms, which resulted in the Economic Summit of August 1993. It was likewise during his term that the Senate adopted a policy to reimpose the death penalty for heinous crimes and saw the ratification of the " Earth Summit " treaty, along with five pro-environment treaties, many of which have already been enacted into law. He made a difference in the lives of millions of Filipinos by pushing for the passage of laws on arts and culture, agriculture, education, good governance, health and social welfare.In August, 1995, he resigned from the Senate Presidency and was elected as the newMinority Leader of the Senate.As chairman of the Congressional Commission on Education, Angara sponsored laws that resulted in the creation of the Commission on Higher Education and the Technical Education and Skill Development Authority, both of which enabled the Department of Education to focus on its main concern - basic education.He authored the Free High School Act that ensured secondary education even for the poorest; the Senior Citizens Act (or The Angara Law) that allowed the elderly to avail of substantial discounts when buying medicine or riding public transport; the National Health Insurance Act, or PHILHEALTH, that provided insurance to every citizen; and the Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private Education (GASTPE), the biggest scholarship program.Under his Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA), farmers and fisher folk benefited from improved seeds and plant materials, better irrigation, better financing and market access.He authored the Magna Carta for Public Health Workers and was the principal author of the laws that created the new National Museum and the National Commission on Culture and the Arts.Angara prepared to run for president in the 1998 Philippine election, but decided against it when it became clear that he could not win over the popular vice president Joseph Estrada. He accepted a deal offered by Estrada to run as his vice presidential candidate. Although Estrada overwhelmingly won the presidential race, Angara placed second in a field of 9 candidates, losing to Senator Gloria Macapagal Arroyo of Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino. Macapagal-Arroyo won 12.6 million votes compared to Angara's 5.6 million.Upon the inauguration of Estrada as president on June 30, 1998, Angara was namedby him to be the chairman of the Board of Directors of the Philippine National Bank,then a wholly government-owned bank. During his tenure, major policy reforms as wellas innovations were introduced by him at the said bank.In 1999, Angara was appointed Secretary of the Department of Agriculture by Estrada. During his term as Secretary of Agriculture (1999–2001), he had the opportunity to implement his own creation, AFMA. He oversaw an improvement of food production programs and support services that led to a bigger harvest of rice, a development that underscored the drive to attain food security. Overall, the agricultural sector saw a growth rate of 3.6 percent a year since 2000, compared with a 1.2 percent growth over the past two decades.On January 6, 2001, as Estrada's presidency was crippled by an impeachment trial and widespread allegations of corruption, Angara was appointed Executive Secretary following the resignation of Ronaldo Zamora, who was running for Congress. He only served for 14 days, as Estrada was toppled by the EDSA II Revolution on January 20. Angara remained loyal to Estrada until the end of his presidency, though he later asserted that his support for Estrada was contingent on the latter's undertaking to pass reforms.Angara successfully ran for senator in the 2001 Philippine election.He was re-elected to a fourth term in 2007, making him the longest-serving senator in the post-EDSA revolution legislature, matching Senator Lorenzo Tanada who served four consecutive terms from 1947 to 1972. Angara authored or sponsored many laws including the Free High School Education Act, the Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private Education or GASTPE Law, the Generics Act, the law which created Philhealth, the original Senior Citizens Act, Agricultural and Fisheries Modernization Act, Government Procurement Act, the Renewable Energy Act, among several others.In 2007, Senator Edgardo Angara and Rep. Juan Edgardo Angara (Lone District of Aurora) authored Republic Act No. 9490 which created the Aurora Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA), the body tasked to administer the economic zone in Brgy. Motiong, Casiguran, Aurora. Later on, Republic Act No. 10083 was enacted which amended the name to Aurora Pacific Economic Zone and Freeport Authority or better known as APECO. The APECO was created to generate jobs and livelihood not only for Aurora but its neighboring provinces. As a logistics hub, it is a very timely and strategic infrastructure investment for the Philippines catering to Trans-Pacific Ocean traffic.In the Senate, Angara chaired the Committee on Education, Arts and Culture Committee on Science and Technology, and the COMSTE (Congressional Commission on Science and Technology and Engineering).From January 16 to May 29, 2012, Angara acted as one of the Senator-Judges in the impeachment trial of the Senate of thenChief Justice Renato Corona and was one of the 23 Senator-Judges that voted to convict him of the impeachment chargesexhibited by the House of Representatives and remove him from public office.On October 3, 2012, he announced his run for governor of Aurora (province) in the 2013 Philippine election, but he withdrew and was replaced by his younger brother, Baler Mayor Arthur Angara.On June 30, 2013, Angara's fourth term as Senator ended.On May 17, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte appointed Angara as the special envoy of the Philippines to the European Union.Edgardo Angara died from an apparent heart attack on May 13, 2018, at the age of 83. His death was announced by his son Sonny over his Twitter page. Angara's necrological services were conducted in the Senate halls on the morning of May 16. His former Senate colleagues such as Sen. Wigberto Tañada attended his funeral, while others such as Rene Saguisag, Pia Cayetano, Nene Pimentel, and former Presidents Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and Joseph Estrada, gave eulogies to Angara, while other senators, including President Rodrigo Duterte and Vice President Leni Robredo visited Angara's funeral in The Heritage Park in Taguig. His remains were buried in his hometown of Baler, Aurora.
|
[
"Member of the Senate of the Philippines",
"Secretary of Agriculture"
] |
|
Which position did Edgardo Angara hold in Jul, 1999?
|
July 24, 1999
|
{
"text": [
"Secretary of Agriculture"
]
}
|
L2_Q1284303_P39_1
|
Edgardo Angara holds the position of President of the Senate of the Philippines from Jan, 1993 to Aug, 1995.
Edgardo Angara holds the position of Member of the Senate of the Philippines from Jun, 2001 to Jun, 2013.
Edgardo Angara holds the position of Secretary of Agriculture from May, 1999 to Jan, 2001.
|
Edgardo AngaraEdgardo Javier Angara (, September 24, 1934 – May 13, 2018) was a Filipino politician who served as the President of the Senate of the Philippines from 1993 to 1995. He was a Senator from 1987 to 1998 and then served as Secretary of Agriculture from 1999 to 2001. He served in the Senate again from 2001 to 2013. He also previously served as the President of the University of the Philippines, and was succeeded by political scientist Dr. José Abueva.Edgardo Angara was born in Baler, Aurora. He earned his Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of the Philippines in 1958. While in university, he joined the Sigma Rho fraternity. Upon graduation, he was elected to the Pi Gamma Mu and Phi Kappa Phi international honor societies. He earned his LL.M. from the University of Michigan Law School in the United States in 1964.In May 1972, Angara together with classmates (and fraternity brothers from Sigma Rho) from the UP College of Law and Juan Ponce Enrile, founded the ACCRA Law Offices, which became the country's most recognized and prestigious law firm in less than a decade. From 1981 to 1987, Angara became president of the University of the Philippines. He rallied alumni in the country and abroad to pool their resources for various projects to mark UP's diamond jubilee in 1983, including the creation of additional professorial chairs and faculty grants. Through his efforts, the liberal arts curriculum was strengthened, a seven-year honors medical curriculum installed, humanities and science were energized, and a multi-campus university organization was instituted.He defended the state university's tradition of dissent and fiscal autonomy, while maintaining its reputation for academic excellence. He established stronger links with the business community and alumni organizations, raising the biggest faculty endowment in the university.Angara's achievements brought him into politics. He first served as senator from 1987 until 1992. By this time, he had established a reputation as a resolute reformer and firm leader, winning praise for his non-confrontational stance on contentious domestic and international issues, while building consensus at the same time.He was Senate President from 1993 to 1995. As a Senate Chief, Angara, with his aggressive and consensus-building approach leadership style, rallied the Upper Chamber to pass bills and resolutions for an Executive-Legislative cooperation in economic reforms, which resulted in the Economic Summit of August 1993. It was likewise during his term that the Senate adopted a policy to reimpose the death penalty for heinous crimes and saw the ratification of the " Earth Summit " treaty, along with five pro-environment treaties, many of which have already been enacted into law. He made a difference in the lives of millions of Filipinos by pushing for the passage of laws on arts and culture, agriculture, education, good governance, health and social welfare.In August, 1995, he resigned from the Senate Presidency and was elected as the newMinority Leader of the Senate.As chairman of the Congressional Commission on Education, Angara sponsored laws that resulted in the creation of the Commission on Higher Education and the Technical Education and Skill Development Authority, both of which enabled the Department of Education to focus on its main concern - basic education.He authored the Free High School Act that ensured secondary education even for the poorest; the Senior Citizens Act (or The Angara Law) that allowed the elderly to avail of substantial discounts when buying medicine or riding public transport; the National Health Insurance Act, or PHILHEALTH, that provided insurance to every citizen; and the Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private Education (GASTPE), the biggest scholarship program.Under his Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA), farmers and fisher folk benefited from improved seeds and plant materials, better irrigation, better financing and market access.He authored the Magna Carta for Public Health Workers and was the principal author of the laws that created the new National Museum and the National Commission on Culture and the Arts.Angara prepared to run for president in the 1998 Philippine election, but decided against it when it became clear that he could not win over the popular vice president Joseph Estrada. He accepted a deal offered by Estrada to run as his vice presidential candidate. Although Estrada overwhelmingly won the presidential race, Angara placed second in a field of 9 candidates, losing to Senator Gloria Macapagal Arroyo of Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino. Macapagal-Arroyo won 12.6 million votes compared to Angara's 5.6 million.Upon the inauguration of Estrada as president on June 30, 1998, Angara was namedby him to be the chairman of the Board of Directors of the Philippine National Bank,then a wholly government-owned bank. During his tenure, major policy reforms as wellas innovations were introduced by him at the said bank.In 1999, Angara was appointed Secretary of the Department of Agriculture by Estrada. During his term as Secretary of Agriculture (1999–2001), he had the opportunity to implement his own creation, AFMA. He oversaw an improvement of food production programs and support services that led to a bigger harvest of rice, a development that underscored the drive to attain food security. Overall, the agricultural sector saw a growth rate of 3.6 percent a year since 2000, compared with a 1.2 percent growth over the past two decades.On January 6, 2001, as Estrada's presidency was crippled by an impeachment trial and widespread allegations of corruption, Angara was appointed Executive Secretary following the resignation of Ronaldo Zamora, who was running for Congress. He only served for 14 days, as Estrada was toppled by the EDSA II Revolution on January 20. Angara remained loyal to Estrada until the end of his presidency, though he later asserted that his support for Estrada was contingent on the latter's undertaking to pass reforms.Angara successfully ran for senator in the 2001 Philippine election.He was re-elected to a fourth term in 2007, making him the longest-serving senator in the post-EDSA revolution legislature, matching Senator Lorenzo Tanada who served four consecutive terms from 1947 to 1972. Angara authored or sponsored many laws including the Free High School Education Act, the Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private Education or GASTPE Law, the Generics Act, the law which created Philhealth, the original Senior Citizens Act, Agricultural and Fisheries Modernization Act, Government Procurement Act, the Renewable Energy Act, among several others.In 2007, Senator Edgardo Angara and Rep. Juan Edgardo Angara (Lone District of Aurora) authored Republic Act No. 9490 which created the Aurora Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA), the body tasked to administer the economic zone in Brgy. Motiong, Casiguran, Aurora. Later on, Republic Act No. 10083 was enacted which amended the name to Aurora Pacific Economic Zone and Freeport Authority or better known as APECO. The APECO was created to generate jobs and livelihood not only for Aurora but its neighboring provinces. As a logistics hub, it is a very timely and strategic infrastructure investment for the Philippines catering to Trans-Pacific Ocean traffic.In the Senate, Angara chaired the Committee on Education, Arts and Culture Committee on Science and Technology, and the COMSTE (Congressional Commission on Science and Technology and Engineering).From January 16 to May 29, 2012, Angara acted as one of the Senator-Judges in the impeachment trial of the Senate of thenChief Justice Renato Corona and was one of the 23 Senator-Judges that voted to convict him of the impeachment chargesexhibited by the House of Representatives and remove him from public office.On October 3, 2012, he announced his run for governor of Aurora (province) in the 2013 Philippine election, but he withdrew and was replaced by his younger brother, Baler Mayor Arthur Angara.On June 30, 2013, Angara's fourth term as Senator ended.On May 17, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte appointed Angara as the special envoy of the Philippines to the European Union.Edgardo Angara died from an apparent heart attack on May 13, 2018, at the age of 83. His death was announced by his son Sonny over his Twitter page. Angara's necrological services were conducted in the Senate halls on the morning of May 16. His former Senate colleagues such as Sen. Wigberto Tañada attended his funeral, while others such as Rene Saguisag, Pia Cayetano, Nene Pimentel, and former Presidents Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and Joseph Estrada, gave eulogies to Angara, while other senators, including President Rodrigo Duterte and Vice President Leni Robredo visited Angara's funeral in The Heritage Park in Taguig. His remains were buried in his hometown of Baler, Aurora.
|
[
"Member of the Senate of the Philippines",
"President of the Senate of the Philippines"
] |
|
Which position did Edgardo Angara hold in Aug, 2011?
|
August 14, 2011
|
{
"text": [
"Member of the Senate of the Philippines"
]
}
|
L2_Q1284303_P39_2
|
Edgardo Angara holds the position of Member of the Senate of the Philippines from Jun, 2001 to Jun, 2013.
Edgardo Angara holds the position of Secretary of Agriculture from May, 1999 to Jan, 2001.
Edgardo Angara holds the position of President of the Senate of the Philippines from Jan, 1993 to Aug, 1995.
|
Edgardo AngaraEdgardo Javier Angara (, September 24, 1934 – May 13, 2018) was a Filipino politician who served as the President of the Senate of the Philippines from 1993 to 1995. He was a Senator from 1987 to 1998 and then served as Secretary of Agriculture from 1999 to 2001. He served in the Senate again from 2001 to 2013. He also previously served as the President of the University of the Philippines, and was succeeded by political scientist Dr. José Abueva.Edgardo Angara was born in Baler, Aurora. He earned his Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of the Philippines in 1958. While in university, he joined the Sigma Rho fraternity. Upon graduation, he was elected to the Pi Gamma Mu and Phi Kappa Phi international honor societies. He earned his LL.M. from the University of Michigan Law School in the United States in 1964.In May 1972, Angara together with classmates (and fraternity brothers from Sigma Rho) from the UP College of Law and Juan Ponce Enrile, founded the ACCRA Law Offices, which became the country's most recognized and prestigious law firm in less than a decade. From 1981 to 1987, Angara became president of the University of the Philippines. He rallied alumni in the country and abroad to pool their resources for various projects to mark UP's diamond jubilee in 1983, including the creation of additional professorial chairs and faculty grants. Through his efforts, the liberal arts curriculum was strengthened, a seven-year honors medical curriculum installed, humanities and science were energized, and a multi-campus university organization was instituted.He defended the state university's tradition of dissent and fiscal autonomy, while maintaining its reputation for academic excellence. He established stronger links with the business community and alumni organizations, raising the biggest faculty endowment in the university.Angara's achievements brought him into politics. He first served as senator from 1987 until 1992. By this time, he had established a reputation as a resolute reformer and firm leader, winning praise for his non-confrontational stance on contentious domestic and international issues, while building consensus at the same time.He was Senate President from 1993 to 1995. As a Senate Chief, Angara, with his aggressive and consensus-building approach leadership style, rallied the Upper Chamber to pass bills and resolutions for an Executive-Legislative cooperation in economic reforms, which resulted in the Economic Summit of August 1993. It was likewise during his term that the Senate adopted a policy to reimpose the death penalty for heinous crimes and saw the ratification of the " Earth Summit " treaty, along with five pro-environment treaties, many of which have already been enacted into law. He made a difference in the lives of millions of Filipinos by pushing for the passage of laws on arts and culture, agriculture, education, good governance, health and social welfare.In August, 1995, he resigned from the Senate Presidency and was elected as the newMinority Leader of the Senate.As chairman of the Congressional Commission on Education, Angara sponsored laws that resulted in the creation of the Commission on Higher Education and the Technical Education and Skill Development Authority, both of which enabled the Department of Education to focus on its main concern - basic education.He authored the Free High School Act that ensured secondary education even for the poorest; the Senior Citizens Act (or The Angara Law) that allowed the elderly to avail of substantial discounts when buying medicine or riding public transport; the National Health Insurance Act, or PHILHEALTH, that provided insurance to every citizen; and the Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private Education (GASTPE), the biggest scholarship program.Under his Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA), farmers and fisher folk benefited from improved seeds and plant materials, better irrigation, better financing and market access.He authored the Magna Carta for Public Health Workers and was the principal author of the laws that created the new National Museum and the National Commission on Culture and the Arts.Angara prepared to run for president in the 1998 Philippine election, but decided against it when it became clear that he could not win over the popular vice president Joseph Estrada. He accepted a deal offered by Estrada to run as his vice presidential candidate. Although Estrada overwhelmingly won the presidential race, Angara placed second in a field of 9 candidates, losing to Senator Gloria Macapagal Arroyo of Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino. Macapagal-Arroyo won 12.6 million votes compared to Angara's 5.6 million.Upon the inauguration of Estrada as president on June 30, 1998, Angara was namedby him to be the chairman of the Board of Directors of the Philippine National Bank,then a wholly government-owned bank. During his tenure, major policy reforms as wellas innovations were introduced by him at the said bank.In 1999, Angara was appointed Secretary of the Department of Agriculture by Estrada. During his term as Secretary of Agriculture (1999–2001), he had the opportunity to implement his own creation, AFMA. He oversaw an improvement of food production programs and support services that led to a bigger harvest of rice, a development that underscored the drive to attain food security. Overall, the agricultural sector saw a growth rate of 3.6 percent a year since 2000, compared with a 1.2 percent growth over the past two decades.On January 6, 2001, as Estrada's presidency was crippled by an impeachment trial and widespread allegations of corruption, Angara was appointed Executive Secretary following the resignation of Ronaldo Zamora, who was running for Congress. He only served for 14 days, as Estrada was toppled by the EDSA II Revolution on January 20. Angara remained loyal to Estrada until the end of his presidency, though he later asserted that his support for Estrada was contingent on the latter's undertaking to pass reforms.Angara successfully ran for senator in the 2001 Philippine election.He was re-elected to a fourth term in 2007, making him the longest-serving senator in the post-EDSA revolution legislature, matching Senator Lorenzo Tanada who served four consecutive terms from 1947 to 1972. Angara authored or sponsored many laws including the Free High School Education Act, the Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private Education or GASTPE Law, the Generics Act, the law which created Philhealth, the original Senior Citizens Act, Agricultural and Fisheries Modernization Act, Government Procurement Act, the Renewable Energy Act, among several others.In 2007, Senator Edgardo Angara and Rep. Juan Edgardo Angara (Lone District of Aurora) authored Republic Act No. 9490 which created the Aurora Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA), the body tasked to administer the economic zone in Brgy. Motiong, Casiguran, Aurora. Later on, Republic Act No. 10083 was enacted which amended the name to Aurora Pacific Economic Zone and Freeport Authority or better known as APECO. The APECO was created to generate jobs and livelihood not only for Aurora but its neighboring provinces. As a logistics hub, it is a very timely and strategic infrastructure investment for the Philippines catering to Trans-Pacific Ocean traffic.In the Senate, Angara chaired the Committee on Education, Arts and Culture Committee on Science and Technology, and the COMSTE (Congressional Commission on Science and Technology and Engineering).From January 16 to May 29, 2012, Angara acted as one of the Senator-Judges in the impeachment trial of the Senate of thenChief Justice Renato Corona and was one of the 23 Senator-Judges that voted to convict him of the impeachment chargesexhibited by the House of Representatives and remove him from public office.On October 3, 2012, he announced his run for governor of Aurora (province) in the 2013 Philippine election, but he withdrew and was replaced by his younger brother, Baler Mayor Arthur Angara.On June 30, 2013, Angara's fourth term as Senator ended.On May 17, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte appointed Angara as the special envoy of the Philippines to the European Union.Edgardo Angara died from an apparent heart attack on May 13, 2018, at the age of 83. His death was announced by his son Sonny over his Twitter page. Angara's necrological services were conducted in the Senate halls on the morning of May 16. His former Senate colleagues such as Sen. Wigberto Tañada attended his funeral, while others such as Rene Saguisag, Pia Cayetano, Nene Pimentel, and former Presidents Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and Joseph Estrada, gave eulogies to Angara, while other senators, including President Rodrigo Duterte and Vice President Leni Robredo visited Angara's funeral in The Heritage Park in Taguig. His remains were buried in his hometown of Baler, Aurora.
|
[
"President of the Senate of the Philippines",
"Secretary of Agriculture"
] |
|
Which position did Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella hold in Feb, 1921?
|
February 22, 1921
|
{
"text": [
"Senator of the Kingdom"
]
}
|
L2_Q192894_P39_0
|
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of Minister of State of Spain from Feb, 1927 to Nov, 1928.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of High Commissioner of Spain to Morocco from Oct, 1924 to Nov, 1925.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of President of the Council of Ministers from Dec, 1925 to Nov, 1928.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of Captain General of Catalonia from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1924.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of Senator of the Kingdom from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1922.
|
Miguel Primo de RiveraMiguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquess of Estella (8 January 1870 – 16 March 1930), was a dictator, aristocrat, and military officer who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 1923 to 1930 during Spain's Restoration era. He deeply believed that it was the politicians who had ruined Spain and that governing without them he could restore the nation. His slogan was "Country, Religion, Monarchy." Historians depict him as an inept dictator who lacked clear ideas and political acumen, and who alienated his potential supporters such as the army. He did not create a base of support among the voters, and depended instead on elite elements. His actions discredited the king and ruined the monarchy, while heightening social tensions that led in 1936 to a full-scale Spanish Civil War.On the death of his uncle in 1921 he became Marquess of Estella. With the support of King Alfonso XIII and the army, Primo de Rivera led a Mussolini-inspired military coup on 13 September 1923. He was appointed Prime Minister by the King. He promised to eliminate corruption and to regenerate Spain. In order to do this he suspended the constitution, established martial law, imposed a strict system of censorship, and ended the "turno" (spoils) system of alternating parties.Primo de Rivera initially said he would rule for only 90 days, however, he chose to remain in power. Little social reform took place, but he attempted to reduce unemployment by spending money on public works. To pay for this, Primo de Rivera introduced higher taxes on the rich. When they complained he chose to change his policies and attempted to raise money by public loans. This caused rapid inflation and—after losing support of the army—he was forced to resign in January 1930. After his death, his son, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, played an important role in the development of fascism in Spain. It was under Primo de Rivera's rule that Francisco Franco was promoted to general, the youngest person holding this high rank in Europe.Miguel Primo de Rivera was born into a landowning military family of Jerez de la Frontera. His father was a retired colonel. His uncle, Fernando, was Captain General in Madrid and the soon-to-be first marquess of Estella. Fernando later participated in the plot to restore the constitutional monarchy in 1875, ending the tumultuous First Republic. His great-grandfather was Bértrand Primo de Rivera (1741–1813), a general and hero of the Spanish Resistance against Napoleon Bonaparte.The young Miguel grew up as part of what Gerald Brenan called "a hard-drinking, whoring, horse-loving aristocracy" that ruled "over the most starved and down-trodden race of agricultural labourers in Europe." Studying history and engineering before deciding upon a military career, he won admission to the newly created General Academy in Toledo, and graduated in 1884.His army career gave him a role as junior officer in the colonial wars in Morocco, Cuba and the Philippines. He then held several important military posts including the captain-generalship of Valencia, Madrid and Barcelona.He showed courage and initiative in battles against the Berbers of the Rif region in northern Morocco, and promotions and decorations came steadily. Primo de Rivera became convinced that Spain probably could not hold on to its North African colony. For many years, the government had tried without success to crush the Berber rebels, wasting lives and money. He concluded Spain must withdraw from what was called Spanish Morocco if it could not dominate the colony. He was familiar with Cuba and the Philippines with the latter as an aide-de-camp during the Philippine Revolution against Emilio Aguinaldo and became a hostage along with Filipino exiles in Hong Kong after the Pact of Biak na Bato. in 1898 he watched the humiliating defeat in the Spanish–American War, bringing a close to his nation's once-great empire. That loss frustrated many Spaniards, Primo de Rivera included. They criticized the politicians and the parliamentary system which could not maintain order or foster economic development at home, nor preserve the vestiges of Spain's imperial glory.Primo de Rivera went to Madrid to serve in the Ministry of War with his uncle. Renowned for his amorous conquests, he reverted to the carefree days of his youth in Jerez. Then in 1902, he married a young Hispano-Cuban, Casilda Sáenz de Heredia. Their marriage was happy, and Casilda bore six children before her death in 1908, following the birth of Fernando. He later was sent on a military mission to France, Switzerland, and Italy in 1909.The British historian Hugh Thomas says: "He would work enormously hard for weeks on end and then disappear for a " juerga " of dancing, drinking and love-making with gypsies. He would be observed almost alone in the streets of Madrid, swathed in an opera cloak, making his way from one café to another, and on returning home would issue a garrulous and sometimes even intoxicated communiqué -- which he would often have to cancel in the morning."Between 1909 and 1923, Primo de Rivera's career blossomed, but he became increasingly discouraged with the fortunes of his country. He was wounded in action in October 1911 in the Kert campaign while leading the infantry regiment San Fernando as Colonel. Having returned to Spanish Morocco, he was promoted to brigadier general in 1911, the first graduate of the General Academy to receive such a promotion. Yet social revolution had flared briefly in Barcelona, during the Tragic Week of 1909. After the army had called up conscripts to fight in the Second Rif War in Morocco, Radical republicans and anarchists in Catalonia had proclaimed a general strike. Violence had erupted when the government declared martial law. Anticlerical rioters had burned churches and convents, and tensions grew as socialists and anarchists pressed for radical changes in Spain. The government proved unable to reform itself or the nation and frustration mounted.After 1918, post-World War I economic difficulties heightened social unrest in Spain. The Cortes (Spanish parliament) under the constitutional monarchy seemed to have no solution to Spain's unemployment, labor strikes, and poverty. In 1921, the Spanish army suffered a stunning defeat in Morocco at the Battle of Annual, which discredited the military's North African policies. By 1923, deputies of the Cortes called for an investigation into the responsibility of King Alfonso XIII and the armed forces for the debacle. Rumors of corruption in the army became rampant.On 13 September 1923, the indignant military, headed by Captain General Miguel Primo de Rivera in Barcelona, overthrew the parliamentary government, upon which Primo de Rivera established himself as dictator. In his typically florid prose, he issued a Manifesto explaining the coup to the people. Resentful of the parliamentarians' attacks against him, King Alfonso tried to give Primo de Rivera legitimacy by naming him prime minister. In justifying his "coup d'état", Primo de Rivera announced: "Our aim is to open a brief parenthesis in the constitutional life of Spain and to re-establish it as soon as the country offers us men uncontaminated with the vices of political organization." In other words, he believed that the old class of politicians had ruined Spain, that they sought only their own interests rather than patriotism and nationalism.Although many leftists opposed the dictatorship, some of the public supported Primo de Rivera. Those Spaniards were tired of the turmoil and economic problems and hoped a strong leader, backed by the military, could put their country on the right track. Others were enraged that the parliament had been brushed aside. As he travelled through Spain, his emotional speeches left no doubt that he was a Spanish patriot. He proposed to keep the dictatorship in place long enough to sweep away the mess created by the politicians. In the meantime, he would use the state to modernize the economy and alleviate the problems of the working class.Primo de Rivera began by appointing a supreme Directory of eight military men, with himself as president. He then decreed martial law and fired civilian politicians in the provinces, replacing them with middle-ranking officers. When members of the Cortes complained to the king, Alfonso dismissed them, and Primo de Rivera suspended the constitution and dissolved the legislative body. He also moved to repress separatists, who wanted to make the Basque provinces and Catalonia independent from Spain. Despite some reservations, the great Spanish philosopher and intellectual, José Ortega y Gasset, wrote:Nevertheless, other intellectuals such as Miguel de Unamuno and Vicente Blasco Ibáñez criticized the regime and were exiled.The dictator enjoyed several successes in the early years of his regime. Chief among them was Morocco, which had been festering since the start of the 20th century. Primo de Rivera talked of abandoning the colony altogether, unless sufficient resources were available to defeat the rebellion, and began withdrawing Spanish forces. But when the Moroccans attacked the French sector, they drove the French and Spanish to unite to crush the defiance in 1925. He went to Africa to help lead the troops in person, and 1927 brought victory to the Franco-Spanish forces. Grateful Spaniards rejoiced to think that decades of North African bloodletting and recriminations were over.Primo de Rivera also worked to build infrastructure for his economically backward country. Spain had few cars when he came to power; by 1930, and Rivera aimed to expand this. The Barcelona Metro, started many years earlier, opened in 1924. His economic planners built dams to harness the hydroelectric power of rivers, especially the Duero and the Ebro, and to provide water for irrigation. For the first time, electricity reached some of Spain's rural regions. The regime upgraded Spain's railroads, and this helped the Spanish iron and steel industry prosper. Between 1923 and 1927, foreign trade increased 300%. Overall, his government intervened to protect national producers from foreign competition. Such economic nationalism was largely the brainchild of Primo de Rivera's finance minister, José Calvo Sotelo. Spain benefited from the European post-World War I boom, but largely benefitted the wealthy.The tranquility was, in part, due to the dictatorship's ways of accommodating the interests of Spanish workers. Imitating the example of Benito Mussolini in Italy, Primo de Rivera forced management and labor to cooperate by organizing 27 corporations (committees) representing different industries and professions. Within each corporation, government arbitrators mediated disputes over wages, hours, and working conditions. This gave Spanish labor more influence than ever before and this might be the reason why the Spanish Socialist Party and UGT were quick to cooperate with the government and its leaders affiliated themselves with the committees mentioned before. Individual workers also benefited because the regime undertook massive public works. The government financed such projects with huge public loans, which Calvo Sotelo argued would be repaid by the increased taxes resulting from economic expansion. Unemployment largely disappeared.But Primo de Rivera brought order to Spain with a price: his regime was a dictatorship. He censored the press. When intellectuals criticized the government, he closed El Ateneo, the country's most famous political and literary club. The largely anarchist CNT was decreed illegal and, without the support of the Socialist Party, the general strikes organised by the organisation were dismantled violently by the army. To suppress the separatist fever in Barcelona, the regime tried to expunge Catalan culture. It was illegal to use Catalan in church services or to dance the sardana. Furthermore, many of the dictator's economic reforms did not actually help the poor as huge public spending led to inflation, which the rich could cope with more easily. This led to a huge income disparity between the wealthy and working classes in Spain at the time.Despite his paternalistic conservatism, Primo de Rivera was enough of a reformer and his policies were radical enough to threaten the interests of the traditional power elite. According to British historian Gerald Brenan, "Spain needed radical reforms and he could only govern by the permission of the two most reactionary forces in the country—the Army and the Church."Primo de Rivera dared not tackle what was seen as Spain's most pressing problem, agrarian reform, because it would have provoked the great landholding elite. Writes historian Richard Herr, "Primo was not one to waken sleeping dogs, especially if they were big."Primo de Rivera chiefly failed because he did not create a viable, legitimate political system to preserve and continue his reforms. He seems to have sincerely wanted the dictatorship to be as brief as possible and initially hoped that Spain could live with the Constitution of 1876 and a new group of politicians. The problem was to find new civilian leadership to take the place of the military.In 1923, he began to create a new "apolitical" party, the Patriotic Union (UP), which was formally organized the following year. Primo de Rivera liked to claim that members of the UP were above the squabbling and corruption of petty politics, that they placed the nation's interests above their own. He thought it would bring ideal democracy to Spain by representing true public opinion. But the UP quite obviously was a political party, despite the dictator's naive protestations. Furthermore, it failed to attract enthusiastic support or even many members.On 3 December 1925 he moved to restore legitimate government by dismissing the military Directory and replacing it with civilians. Still, the constitution remained suspended, and criticisms of the regime grew. By summer 1926, former politicians, led by conservative José Sánchez Guerra, pressed the king to remove Primo de Rivera and restore constitutional government. To demonstrate his public support, Primo de Rivera ordered the UP to conduct a plebiscite in September. Voters could endorse the regime or abstain. About a third of those able to vote declined to go to the polls.Nevertheless, buoyed by his victory, Primo de Rivera decided to promote a body tasked with the elaboration of a constitutional draft. On 10 October 1927, with the king in attendance, he opened a National Assembly. Although they met in the Cortes chamber, members of the regime-appointed assembly could only advise Primo de Rivera. They had no legislative power. In 1929, following guidance from the dictator, the assembly finally produced a new constitution draft. Among its provisions, it gave women the vote because Primo de Rivera believed their political views less susceptible to political radicalism. He intended to have the nation accept the new constitution in another plebiscite, to be held in 1930.As the economic boom ended, Spaniards gradually became tired of the dictatorship. The value of the peseta fell against foreign currencies, 1929 brought a bad harvest, and Spain's imports far outstripped the worth of its exports. Conservative critics blamed rising inflation on the government's spending for public works projects. Although no one recognized it at the time, the final months of the year brought the international economic slump which turned into the Great Depression of the 1930s.When Primo de Rivera lost the support of the king and the armed forces, his dictatorship was doomed. The Spanish military had never unanimously backed his seizure of power, although it had tolerated his rule. But when Primo de Rivera began to inject politics into promotions for the artillery corps, it provoked hostility and opposition. Troubled by the regime's failure to legitimize itself or to solve the country's woes, the king also began to draw away. Alfonso, who had sponsored the establishment of Madrid's University City, watched with dismay as the country's students took to the streets to protest the dictatorship and the king's support for it. A clandestine pamphlet portrayed Alfonso as Primo de Rivera's dancing partner. Yet the king did not have to remove Primo de Rivera. On 26 January 1930, the dictator asked the military leaders if he still had their support. Their lukewarm responses, and his recognition that the king no longer backed him, persuaded him to resign two days later. Primo de Rivera retired and moved to Paris, where he died a month and a half later at the age of 60 from a combination of fever and diabetes on 16 March 1930.In the early 1930s, as with most of the Western world during and after the Great Depression, Spain fell into economic and political chaos. Alfonso XIII appointed General Dámaso Berenguer, one of Primo de Rivera's opponents, to govern. This government promptly failed in its attempt to return to ordinary constitutional order. Different presidential candidates attempted to restore the legitimacy of the monarch, who had discredited himself by siding with the dictatorship. Eventually, municipal elections were called for on 12 April 1931. While monarchist parties won in the overall polls, republican candidates commanded the majority in urban centres, winning the elections in 41 provincial capitals including Madrid and Barcelona. In April 1931, General José Sanjurjo informed the King that he could not count on the loyalty of the armed forces. Alfonso XIII went into exile on 14 April 1931, not formally abdicating until he did so in 1941 in favour of his son, Juan de Borbón. The act ushered in the Second Republic. Two years later Primo de Rivera's eldest son, José Antonio, founded the Falange, a Spanish fascist party. Both José Antonio and his brother Fernando were arrested in March 1936 by the republic, and were executed in Alicante prison by Republican forces once the Spanish Civil War began in July 1936. The Nationalists led by Francisco Franco won the Civil War and established a far more authoritarian regime. By that time, many Spaniards regarded Primo de Rivera's relatively mild regime and its economic optimism with greater fondness.
|
[
"Minister of State of Spain",
"Captain General of Catalonia",
"President of the Council of Ministers",
"High Commissioner of Spain to Morocco"
] |
|
Which position did Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella hold in Aug, 1923?
|
August 24, 1923
|
{
"text": [
"Captain General of Catalonia"
]
}
|
L2_Q192894_P39_1
|
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of Captain General of Catalonia from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1924.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of Senator of the Kingdom from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1922.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of President of the Council of Ministers from Dec, 1925 to Nov, 1928.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of High Commissioner of Spain to Morocco from Oct, 1924 to Nov, 1925.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of Minister of State of Spain from Feb, 1927 to Nov, 1928.
|
Miguel Primo de RiveraMiguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquess of Estella (8 January 1870 – 16 March 1930), was a dictator, aristocrat, and military officer who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 1923 to 1930 during Spain's Restoration era. He deeply believed that it was the politicians who had ruined Spain and that governing without them he could restore the nation. His slogan was "Country, Religion, Monarchy." Historians depict him as an inept dictator who lacked clear ideas and political acumen, and who alienated his potential supporters such as the army. He did not create a base of support among the voters, and depended instead on elite elements. His actions discredited the king and ruined the monarchy, while heightening social tensions that led in 1936 to a full-scale Spanish Civil War.On the death of his uncle in 1921 he became Marquess of Estella. With the support of King Alfonso XIII and the army, Primo de Rivera led a Mussolini-inspired military coup on 13 September 1923. He was appointed Prime Minister by the King. He promised to eliminate corruption and to regenerate Spain. In order to do this he suspended the constitution, established martial law, imposed a strict system of censorship, and ended the "turno" (spoils) system of alternating parties.Primo de Rivera initially said he would rule for only 90 days, however, he chose to remain in power. Little social reform took place, but he attempted to reduce unemployment by spending money on public works. To pay for this, Primo de Rivera introduced higher taxes on the rich. When they complained he chose to change his policies and attempted to raise money by public loans. This caused rapid inflation and—after losing support of the army—he was forced to resign in January 1930. After his death, his son, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, played an important role in the development of fascism in Spain. It was under Primo de Rivera's rule that Francisco Franco was promoted to general, the youngest person holding this high rank in Europe.Miguel Primo de Rivera was born into a landowning military family of Jerez de la Frontera. His father was a retired colonel. His uncle, Fernando, was Captain General in Madrid and the soon-to-be first marquess of Estella. Fernando later participated in the plot to restore the constitutional monarchy in 1875, ending the tumultuous First Republic. His great-grandfather was Bértrand Primo de Rivera (1741–1813), a general and hero of the Spanish Resistance against Napoleon Bonaparte.The young Miguel grew up as part of what Gerald Brenan called "a hard-drinking, whoring, horse-loving aristocracy" that ruled "over the most starved and down-trodden race of agricultural labourers in Europe." Studying history and engineering before deciding upon a military career, he won admission to the newly created General Academy in Toledo, and graduated in 1884.His army career gave him a role as junior officer in the colonial wars in Morocco, Cuba and the Philippines. He then held several important military posts including the captain-generalship of Valencia, Madrid and Barcelona.He showed courage and initiative in battles against the Berbers of the Rif region in northern Morocco, and promotions and decorations came steadily. Primo de Rivera became convinced that Spain probably could not hold on to its North African colony. For many years, the government had tried without success to crush the Berber rebels, wasting lives and money. He concluded Spain must withdraw from what was called Spanish Morocco if it could not dominate the colony. He was familiar with Cuba and the Philippines with the latter as an aide-de-camp during the Philippine Revolution against Emilio Aguinaldo and became a hostage along with Filipino exiles in Hong Kong after the Pact of Biak na Bato. in 1898 he watched the humiliating defeat in the Spanish–American War, bringing a close to his nation's once-great empire. That loss frustrated many Spaniards, Primo de Rivera included. They criticized the politicians and the parliamentary system which could not maintain order or foster economic development at home, nor preserve the vestiges of Spain's imperial glory.Primo de Rivera went to Madrid to serve in the Ministry of War with his uncle. Renowned for his amorous conquests, he reverted to the carefree days of his youth in Jerez. Then in 1902, he married a young Hispano-Cuban, Casilda Sáenz de Heredia. Their marriage was happy, and Casilda bore six children before her death in 1908, following the birth of Fernando. He later was sent on a military mission to France, Switzerland, and Italy in 1909.The British historian Hugh Thomas says: "He would work enormously hard for weeks on end and then disappear for a " juerga " of dancing, drinking and love-making with gypsies. He would be observed almost alone in the streets of Madrid, swathed in an opera cloak, making his way from one café to another, and on returning home would issue a garrulous and sometimes even intoxicated communiqué -- which he would often have to cancel in the morning."Between 1909 and 1923, Primo de Rivera's career blossomed, but he became increasingly discouraged with the fortunes of his country. He was wounded in action in October 1911 in the Kert campaign while leading the infantry regiment San Fernando as Colonel. Having returned to Spanish Morocco, he was promoted to brigadier general in 1911, the first graduate of the General Academy to receive such a promotion. Yet social revolution had flared briefly in Barcelona, during the Tragic Week of 1909. After the army had called up conscripts to fight in the Second Rif War in Morocco, Radical republicans and anarchists in Catalonia had proclaimed a general strike. Violence had erupted when the government declared martial law. Anticlerical rioters had burned churches and convents, and tensions grew as socialists and anarchists pressed for radical changes in Spain. The government proved unable to reform itself or the nation and frustration mounted.After 1918, post-World War I economic difficulties heightened social unrest in Spain. The Cortes (Spanish parliament) under the constitutional monarchy seemed to have no solution to Spain's unemployment, labor strikes, and poverty. In 1921, the Spanish army suffered a stunning defeat in Morocco at the Battle of Annual, which discredited the military's North African policies. By 1923, deputies of the Cortes called for an investigation into the responsibility of King Alfonso XIII and the armed forces for the debacle. Rumors of corruption in the army became rampant.On 13 September 1923, the indignant military, headed by Captain General Miguel Primo de Rivera in Barcelona, overthrew the parliamentary government, upon which Primo de Rivera established himself as dictator. In his typically florid prose, he issued a Manifesto explaining the coup to the people. Resentful of the parliamentarians' attacks against him, King Alfonso tried to give Primo de Rivera legitimacy by naming him prime minister. In justifying his "coup d'état", Primo de Rivera announced: "Our aim is to open a brief parenthesis in the constitutional life of Spain and to re-establish it as soon as the country offers us men uncontaminated with the vices of political organization." In other words, he believed that the old class of politicians had ruined Spain, that they sought only their own interests rather than patriotism and nationalism.Although many leftists opposed the dictatorship, some of the public supported Primo de Rivera. Those Spaniards were tired of the turmoil and economic problems and hoped a strong leader, backed by the military, could put their country on the right track. Others were enraged that the parliament had been brushed aside. As he travelled through Spain, his emotional speeches left no doubt that he was a Spanish patriot. He proposed to keep the dictatorship in place long enough to sweep away the mess created by the politicians. In the meantime, he would use the state to modernize the economy and alleviate the problems of the working class.Primo de Rivera began by appointing a supreme Directory of eight military men, with himself as president. He then decreed martial law and fired civilian politicians in the provinces, replacing them with middle-ranking officers. When members of the Cortes complained to the king, Alfonso dismissed them, and Primo de Rivera suspended the constitution and dissolved the legislative body. He also moved to repress separatists, who wanted to make the Basque provinces and Catalonia independent from Spain. Despite some reservations, the great Spanish philosopher and intellectual, José Ortega y Gasset, wrote:Nevertheless, other intellectuals such as Miguel de Unamuno and Vicente Blasco Ibáñez criticized the regime and were exiled.The dictator enjoyed several successes in the early years of his regime. Chief among them was Morocco, which had been festering since the start of the 20th century. Primo de Rivera talked of abandoning the colony altogether, unless sufficient resources were available to defeat the rebellion, and began withdrawing Spanish forces. But when the Moroccans attacked the French sector, they drove the French and Spanish to unite to crush the defiance in 1925. He went to Africa to help lead the troops in person, and 1927 brought victory to the Franco-Spanish forces. Grateful Spaniards rejoiced to think that decades of North African bloodletting and recriminations were over.Primo de Rivera also worked to build infrastructure for his economically backward country. Spain had few cars when he came to power; by 1930, and Rivera aimed to expand this. The Barcelona Metro, started many years earlier, opened in 1924. His economic planners built dams to harness the hydroelectric power of rivers, especially the Duero and the Ebro, and to provide water for irrigation. For the first time, electricity reached some of Spain's rural regions. The regime upgraded Spain's railroads, and this helped the Spanish iron and steel industry prosper. Between 1923 and 1927, foreign trade increased 300%. Overall, his government intervened to protect national producers from foreign competition. Such economic nationalism was largely the brainchild of Primo de Rivera's finance minister, José Calvo Sotelo. Spain benefited from the European post-World War I boom, but largely benefitted the wealthy.The tranquility was, in part, due to the dictatorship's ways of accommodating the interests of Spanish workers. Imitating the example of Benito Mussolini in Italy, Primo de Rivera forced management and labor to cooperate by organizing 27 corporations (committees) representing different industries and professions. Within each corporation, government arbitrators mediated disputes over wages, hours, and working conditions. This gave Spanish labor more influence than ever before and this might be the reason why the Spanish Socialist Party and UGT were quick to cooperate with the government and its leaders affiliated themselves with the committees mentioned before. Individual workers also benefited because the regime undertook massive public works. The government financed such projects with huge public loans, which Calvo Sotelo argued would be repaid by the increased taxes resulting from economic expansion. Unemployment largely disappeared.But Primo de Rivera brought order to Spain with a price: his regime was a dictatorship. He censored the press. When intellectuals criticized the government, he closed El Ateneo, the country's most famous political and literary club. The largely anarchist CNT was decreed illegal and, without the support of the Socialist Party, the general strikes organised by the organisation were dismantled violently by the army. To suppress the separatist fever in Barcelona, the regime tried to expunge Catalan culture. It was illegal to use Catalan in church services or to dance the sardana. Furthermore, many of the dictator's economic reforms did not actually help the poor as huge public spending led to inflation, which the rich could cope with more easily. This led to a huge income disparity between the wealthy and working classes in Spain at the time.Despite his paternalistic conservatism, Primo de Rivera was enough of a reformer and his policies were radical enough to threaten the interests of the traditional power elite. According to British historian Gerald Brenan, "Spain needed radical reforms and he could only govern by the permission of the two most reactionary forces in the country—the Army and the Church."Primo de Rivera dared not tackle what was seen as Spain's most pressing problem, agrarian reform, because it would have provoked the great landholding elite. Writes historian Richard Herr, "Primo was not one to waken sleeping dogs, especially if they were big."Primo de Rivera chiefly failed because he did not create a viable, legitimate political system to preserve and continue his reforms. He seems to have sincerely wanted the dictatorship to be as brief as possible and initially hoped that Spain could live with the Constitution of 1876 and a new group of politicians. The problem was to find new civilian leadership to take the place of the military.In 1923, he began to create a new "apolitical" party, the Patriotic Union (UP), which was formally organized the following year. Primo de Rivera liked to claim that members of the UP were above the squabbling and corruption of petty politics, that they placed the nation's interests above their own. He thought it would bring ideal democracy to Spain by representing true public opinion. But the UP quite obviously was a political party, despite the dictator's naive protestations. Furthermore, it failed to attract enthusiastic support or even many members.On 3 December 1925 he moved to restore legitimate government by dismissing the military Directory and replacing it with civilians. Still, the constitution remained suspended, and criticisms of the regime grew. By summer 1926, former politicians, led by conservative José Sánchez Guerra, pressed the king to remove Primo de Rivera and restore constitutional government. To demonstrate his public support, Primo de Rivera ordered the UP to conduct a plebiscite in September. Voters could endorse the regime or abstain. About a third of those able to vote declined to go to the polls.Nevertheless, buoyed by his victory, Primo de Rivera decided to promote a body tasked with the elaboration of a constitutional draft. On 10 October 1927, with the king in attendance, he opened a National Assembly. Although they met in the Cortes chamber, members of the regime-appointed assembly could only advise Primo de Rivera. They had no legislative power. In 1929, following guidance from the dictator, the assembly finally produced a new constitution draft. Among its provisions, it gave women the vote because Primo de Rivera believed their political views less susceptible to political radicalism. He intended to have the nation accept the new constitution in another plebiscite, to be held in 1930.As the economic boom ended, Spaniards gradually became tired of the dictatorship. The value of the peseta fell against foreign currencies, 1929 brought a bad harvest, and Spain's imports far outstripped the worth of its exports. Conservative critics blamed rising inflation on the government's spending for public works projects. Although no one recognized it at the time, the final months of the year brought the international economic slump which turned into the Great Depression of the 1930s.When Primo de Rivera lost the support of the king and the armed forces, his dictatorship was doomed. The Spanish military had never unanimously backed his seizure of power, although it had tolerated his rule. But when Primo de Rivera began to inject politics into promotions for the artillery corps, it provoked hostility and opposition. Troubled by the regime's failure to legitimize itself or to solve the country's woes, the king also began to draw away. Alfonso, who had sponsored the establishment of Madrid's University City, watched with dismay as the country's students took to the streets to protest the dictatorship and the king's support for it. A clandestine pamphlet portrayed Alfonso as Primo de Rivera's dancing partner. Yet the king did not have to remove Primo de Rivera. On 26 January 1930, the dictator asked the military leaders if he still had their support. Their lukewarm responses, and his recognition that the king no longer backed him, persuaded him to resign two days later. Primo de Rivera retired and moved to Paris, where he died a month and a half later at the age of 60 from a combination of fever and diabetes on 16 March 1930.In the early 1930s, as with most of the Western world during and after the Great Depression, Spain fell into economic and political chaos. Alfonso XIII appointed General Dámaso Berenguer, one of Primo de Rivera's opponents, to govern. This government promptly failed in its attempt to return to ordinary constitutional order. Different presidential candidates attempted to restore the legitimacy of the monarch, who had discredited himself by siding with the dictatorship. Eventually, municipal elections were called for on 12 April 1931. While monarchist parties won in the overall polls, republican candidates commanded the majority in urban centres, winning the elections in 41 provincial capitals including Madrid and Barcelona. In April 1931, General José Sanjurjo informed the King that he could not count on the loyalty of the armed forces. Alfonso XIII went into exile on 14 April 1931, not formally abdicating until he did so in 1941 in favour of his son, Juan de Borbón. The act ushered in the Second Republic. Two years later Primo de Rivera's eldest son, José Antonio, founded the Falange, a Spanish fascist party. Both José Antonio and his brother Fernando were arrested in March 1936 by the republic, and were executed in Alicante prison by Republican forces once the Spanish Civil War began in July 1936. The Nationalists led by Francisco Franco won the Civil War and established a far more authoritarian regime. By that time, many Spaniards regarded Primo de Rivera's relatively mild regime and its economic optimism with greater fondness.
|
[
"President of the Council of Ministers",
"Senator of the Kingdom",
"Minister of State of Spain",
"High Commissioner of Spain to Morocco"
] |
|
Which position did Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella hold in Aug, 1925?
|
August 01, 1925
|
{
"text": [
"High Commissioner of Spain to Morocco"
]
}
|
L2_Q192894_P39_2
|
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of Senator of the Kingdom from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1922.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of Captain General of Catalonia from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1924.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of President of the Council of Ministers from Dec, 1925 to Nov, 1928.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of High Commissioner of Spain to Morocco from Oct, 1924 to Nov, 1925.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of Minister of State of Spain from Feb, 1927 to Nov, 1928.
|
Miguel Primo de RiveraMiguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquess of Estella (8 January 1870 – 16 March 1930), was a dictator, aristocrat, and military officer who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 1923 to 1930 during Spain's Restoration era. He deeply believed that it was the politicians who had ruined Spain and that governing without them he could restore the nation. His slogan was "Country, Religion, Monarchy." Historians depict him as an inept dictator who lacked clear ideas and political acumen, and who alienated his potential supporters such as the army. He did not create a base of support among the voters, and depended instead on elite elements. His actions discredited the king and ruined the monarchy, while heightening social tensions that led in 1936 to a full-scale Spanish Civil War.On the death of his uncle in 1921 he became Marquess of Estella. With the support of King Alfonso XIII and the army, Primo de Rivera led a Mussolini-inspired military coup on 13 September 1923. He was appointed Prime Minister by the King. He promised to eliminate corruption and to regenerate Spain. In order to do this he suspended the constitution, established martial law, imposed a strict system of censorship, and ended the "turno" (spoils) system of alternating parties.Primo de Rivera initially said he would rule for only 90 days, however, he chose to remain in power. Little social reform took place, but he attempted to reduce unemployment by spending money on public works. To pay for this, Primo de Rivera introduced higher taxes on the rich. When they complained he chose to change his policies and attempted to raise money by public loans. This caused rapid inflation and—after losing support of the army—he was forced to resign in January 1930. After his death, his son, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, played an important role in the development of fascism in Spain. It was under Primo de Rivera's rule that Francisco Franco was promoted to general, the youngest person holding this high rank in Europe.Miguel Primo de Rivera was born into a landowning military family of Jerez de la Frontera. His father was a retired colonel. His uncle, Fernando, was Captain General in Madrid and the soon-to-be first marquess of Estella. Fernando later participated in the plot to restore the constitutional monarchy in 1875, ending the tumultuous First Republic. His great-grandfather was Bértrand Primo de Rivera (1741–1813), a general and hero of the Spanish Resistance against Napoleon Bonaparte.The young Miguel grew up as part of what Gerald Brenan called "a hard-drinking, whoring, horse-loving aristocracy" that ruled "over the most starved and down-trodden race of agricultural labourers in Europe." Studying history and engineering before deciding upon a military career, he won admission to the newly created General Academy in Toledo, and graduated in 1884.His army career gave him a role as junior officer in the colonial wars in Morocco, Cuba and the Philippines. He then held several important military posts including the captain-generalship of Valencia, Madrid and Barcelona.He showed courage and initiative in battles against the Berbers of the Rif region in northern Morocco, and promotions and decorations came steadily. Primo de Rivera became convinced that Spain probably could not hold on to its North African colony. For many years, the government had tried without success to crush the Berber rebels, wasting lives and money. He concluded Spain must withdraw from what was called Spanish Morocco if it could not dominate the colony. He was familiar with Cuba and the Philippines with the latter as an aide-de-camp during the Philippine Revolution against Emilio Aguinaldo and became a hostage along with Filipino exiles in Hong Kong after the Pact of Biak na Bato. in 1898 he watched the humiliating defeat in the Spanish–American War, bringing a close to his nation's once-great empire. That loss frustrated many Spaniards, Primo de Rivera included. They criticized the politicians and the parliamentary system which could not maintain order or foster economic development at home, nor preserve the vestiges of Spain's imperial glory.Primo de Rivera went to Madrid to serve in the Ministry of War with his uncle. Renowned for his amorous conquests, he reverted to the carefree days of his youth in Jerez. Then in 1902, he married a young Hispano-Cuban, Casilda Sáenz de Heredia. Their marriage was happy, and Casilda bore six children before her death in 1908, following the birth of Fernando. He later was sent on a military mission to France, Switzerland, and Italy in 1909.The British historian Hugh Thomas says: "He would work enormously hard for weeks on end and then disappear for a " juerga " of dancing, drinking and love-making with gypsies. He would be observed almost alone in the streets of Madrid, swathed in an opera cloak, making his way from one café to another, and on returning home would issue a garrulous and sometimes even intoxicated communiqué -- which he would often have to cancel in the morning."Between 1909 and 1923, Primo de Rivera's career blossomed, but he became increasingly discouraged with the fortunes of his country. He was wounded in action in October 1911 in the Kert campaign while leading the infantry regiment San Fernando as Colonel. Having returned to Spanish Morocco, he was promoted to brigadier general in 1911, the first graduate of the General Academy to receive such a promotion. Yet social revolution had flared briefly in Barcelona, during the Tragic Week of 1909. After the army had called up conscripts to fight in the Second Rif War in Morocco, Radical republicans and anarchists in Catalonia had proclaimed a general strike. Violence had erupted when the government declared martial law. Anticlerical rioters had burned churches and convents, and tensions grew as socialists and anarchists pressed for radical changes in Spain. The government proved unable to reform itself or the nation and frustration mounted.After 1918, post-World War I economic difficulties heightened social unrest in Spain. The Cortes (Spanish parliament) under the constitutional monarchy seemed to have no solution to Spain's unemployment, labor strikes, and poverty. In 1921, the Spanish army suffered a stunning defeat in Morocco at the Battle of Annual, which discredited the military's North African policies. By 1923, deputies of the Cortes called for an investigation into the responsibility of King Alfonso XIII and the armed forces for the debacle. Rumors of corruption in the army became rampant.On 13 September 1923, the indignant military, headed by Captain General Miguel Primo de Rivera in Barcelona, overthrew the parliamentary government, upon which Primo de Rivera established himself as dictator. In his typically florid prose, he issued a Manifesto explaining the coup to the people. Resentful of the parliamentarians' attacks against him, King Alfonso tried to give Primo de Rivera legitimacy by naming him prime minister. In justifying his "coup d'état", Primo de Rivera announced: "Our aim is to open a brief parenthesis in the constitutional life of Spain and to re-establish it as soon as the country offers us men uncontaminated with the vices of political organization." In other words, he believed that the old class of politicians had ruined Spain, that they sought only their own interests rather than patriotism and nationalism.Although many leftists opposed the dictatorship, some of the public supported Primo de Rivera. Those Spaniards were tired of the turmoil and economic problems and hoped a strong leader, backed by the military, could put their country on the right track. Others were enraged that the parliament had been brushed aside. As he travelled through Spain, his emotional speeches left no doubt that he was a Spanish patriot. He proposed to keep the dictatorship in place long enough to sweep away the mess created by the politicians. In the meantime, he would use the state to modernize the economy and alleviate the problems of the working class.Primo de Rivera began by appointing a supreme Directory of eight military men, with himself as president. He then decreed martial law and fired civilian politicians in the provinces, replacing them with middle-ranking officers. When members of the Cortes complained to the king, Alfonso dismissed them, and Primo de Rivera suspended the constitution and dissolved the legislative body. He also moved to repress separatists, who wanted to make the Basque provinces and Catalonia independent from Spain. Despite some reservations, the great Spanish philosopher and intellectual, José Ortega y Gasset, wrote:Nevertheless, other intellectuals such as Miguel de Unamuno and Vicente Blasco Ibáñez criticized the regime and were exiled.The dictator enjoyed several successes in the early years of his regime. Chief among them was Morocco, which had been festering since the start of the 20th century. Primo de Rivera talked of abandoning the colony altogether, unless sufficient resources were available to defeat the rebellion, and began withdrawing Spanish forces. But when the Moroccans attacked the French sector, they drove the French and Spanish to unite to crush the defiance in 1925. He went to Africa to help lead the troops in person, and 1927 brought victory to the Franco-Spanish forces. Grateful Spaniards rejoiced to think that decades of North African bloodletting and recriminations were over.Primo de Rivera also worked to build infrastructure for his economically backward country. Spain had few cars when he came to power; by 1930, and Rivera aimed to expand this. The Barcelona Metro, started many years earlier, opened in 1924. His economic planners built dams to harness the hydroelectric power of rivers, especially the Duero and the Ebro, and to provide water for irrigation. For the first time, electricity reached some of Spain's rural regions. The regime upgraded Spain's railroads, and this helped the Spanish iron and steel industry prosper. Between 1923 and 1927, foreign trade increased 300%. Overall, his government intervened to protect national producers from foreign competition. Such economic nationalism was largely the brainchild of Primo de Rivera's finance minister, José Calvo Sotelo. Spain benefited from the European post-World War I boom, but largely benefitted the wealthy.The tranquility was, in part, due to the dictatorship's ways of accommodating the interests of Spanish workers. Imitating the example of Benito Mussolini in Italy, Primo de Rivera forced management and labor to cooperate by organizing 27 corporations (committees) representing different industries and professions. Within each corporation, government arbitrators mediated disputes over wages, hours, and working conditions. This gave Spanish labor more influence than ever before and this might be the reason why the Spanish Socialist Party and UGT were quick to cooperate with the government and its leaders affiliated themselves with the committees mentioned before. Individual workers also benefited because the regime undertook massive public works. The government financed such projects with huge public loans, which Calvo Sotelo argued would be repaid by the increased taxes resulting from economic expansion. Unemployment largely disappeared.But Primo de Rivera brought order to Spain with a price: his regime was a dictatorship. He censored the press. When intellectuals criticized the government, he closed El Ateneo, the country's most famous political and literary club. The largely anarchist CNT was decreed illegal and, without the support of the Socialist Party, the general strikes organised by the organisation were dismantled violently by the army. To suppress the separatist fever in Barcelona, the regime tried to expunge Catalan culture. It was illegal to use Catalan in church services or to dance the sardana. Furthermore, many of the dictator's economic reforms did not actually help the poor as huge public spending led to inflation, which the rich could cope with more easily. This led to a huge income disparity between the wealthy and working classes in Spain at the time.Despite his paternalistic conservatism, Primo de Rivera was enough of a reformer and his policies were radical enough to threaten the interests of the traditional power elite. According to British historian Gerald Brenan, "Spain needed radical reforms and he could only govern by the permission of the two most reactionary forces in the country—the Army and the Church."Primo de Rivera dared not tackle what was seen as Spain's most pressing problem, agrarian reform, because it would have provoked the great landholding elite. Writes historian Richard Herr, "Primo was not one to waken sleeping dogs, especially if they were big."Primo de Rivera chiefly failed because he did not create a viable, legitimate political system to preserve and continue his reforms. He seems to have sincerely wanted the dictatorship to be as brief as possible and initially hoped that Spain could live with the Constitution of 1876 and a new group of politicians. The problem was to find new civilian leadership to take the place of the military.In 1923, he began to create a new "apolitical" party, the Patriotic Union (UP), which was formally organized the following year. Primo de Rivera liked to claim that members of the UP were above the squabbling and corruption of petty politics, that they placed the nation's interests above their own. He thought it would bring ideal democracy to Spain by representing true public opinion. But the UP quite obviously was a political party, despite the dictator's naive protestations. Furthermore, it failed to attract enthusiastic support or even many members.On 3 December 1925 he moved to restore legitimate government by dismissing the military Directory and replacing it with civilians. Still, the constitution remained suspended, and criticisms of the regime grew. By summer 1926, former politicians, led by conservative José Sánchez Guerra, pressed the king to remove Primo de Rivera and restore constitutional government. To demonstrate his public support, Primo de Rivera ordered the UP to conduct a plebiscite in September. Voters could endorse the regime or abstain. About a third of those able to vote declined to go to the polls.Nevertheless, buoyed by his victory, Primo de Rivera decided to promote a body tasked with the elaboration of a constitutional draft. On 10 October 1927, with the king in attendance, he opened a National Assembly. Although they met in the Cortes chamber, members of the regime-appointed assembly could only advise Primo de Rivera. They had no legislative power. In 1929, following guidance from the dictator, the assembly finally produced a new constitution draft. Among its provisions, it gave women the vote because Primo de Rivera believed their political views less susceptible to political radicalism. He intended to have the nation accept the new constitution in another plebiscite, to be held in 1930.As the economic boom ended, Spaniards gradually became tired of the dictatorship. The value of the peseta fell against foreign currencies, 1929 brought a bad harvest, and Spain's imports far outstripped the worth of its exports. Conservative critics blamed rising inflation on the government's spending for public works projects. Although no one recognized it at the time, the final months of the year brought the international economic slump which turned into the Great Depression of the 1930s.When Primo de Rivera lost the support of the king and the armed forces, his dictatorship was doomed. The Spanish military had never unanimously backed his seizure of power, although it had tolerated his rule. But when Primo de Rivera began to inject politics into promotions for the artillery corps, it provoked hostility and opposition. Troubled by the regime's failure to legitimize itself or to solve the country's woes, the king also began to draw away. Alfonso, who had sponsored the establishment of Madrid's University City, watched with dismay as the country's students took to the streets to protest the dictatorship and the king's support for it. A clandestine pamphlet portrayed Alfonso as Primo de Rivera's dancing partner. Yet the king did not have to remove Primo de Rivera. On 26 January 1930, the dictator asked the military leaders if he still had their support. Their lukewarm responses, and his recognition that the king no longer backed him, persuaded him to resign two days later. Primo de Rivera retired and moved to Paris, where he died a month and a half later at the age of 60 from a combination of fever and diabetes on 16 March 1930.In the early 1930s, as with most of the Western world during and after the Great Depression, Spain fell into economic and political chaos. Alfonso XIII appointed General Dámaso Berenguer, one of Primo de Rivera's opponents, to govern. This government promptly failed in its attempt to return to ordinary constitutional order. Different presidential candidates attempted to restore the legitimacy of the monarch, who had discredited himself by siding with the dictatorship. Eventually, municipal elections were called for on 12 April 1931. While monarchist parties won in the overall polls, republican candidates commanded the majority in urban centres, winning the elections in 41 provincial capitals including Madrid and Barcelona. In April 1931, General José Sanjurjo informed the King that he could not count on the loyalty of the armed forces. Alfonso XIII went into exile on 14 April 1931, not formally abdicating until he did so in 1941 in favour of his son, Juan de Borbón. The act ushered in the Second Republic. Two years later Primo de Rivera's eldest son, José Antonio, founded the Falange, a Spanish fascist party. Both José Antonio and his brother Fernando were arrested in March 1936 by the republic, and were executed in Alicante prison by Republican forces once the Spanish Civil War began in July 1936. The Nationalists led by Francisco Franco won the Civil War and established a far more authoritarian regime. By that time, many Spaniards regarded Primo de Rivera's relatively mild regime and its economic optimism with greater fondness.
|
[
"Captain General of Catalonia",
"Senator of the Kingdom",
"President of the Council of Ministers",
"Minister of State of Spain"
] |
|
Which position did Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella hold in Aug, 1926?
|
August 18, 1926
|
{
"text": [
"President of the Council of Ministers"
]
}
|
L2_Q192894_P39_3
|
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of High Commissioner of Spain to Morocco from Oct, 1924 to Nov, 1925.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of Minister of State of Spain from Feb, 1927 to Nov, 1928.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of Senator of the Kingdom from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1922.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of Captain General of Catalonia from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1924.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of President of the Council of Ministers from Dec, 1925 to Nov, 1928.
|
Miguel Primo de RiveraMiguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquess of Estella (8 January 1870 – 16 March 1930), was a dictator, aristocrat, and military officer who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 1923 to 1930 during Spain's Restoration era. He deeply believed that it was the politicians who had ruined Spain and that governing without them he could restore the nation. His slogan was "Country, Religion, Monarchy." Historians depict him as an inept dictator who lacked clear ideas and political acumen, and who alienated his potential supporters such as the army. He did not create a base of support among the voters, and depended instead on elite elements. His actions discredited the king and ruined the monarchy, while heightening social tensions that led in 1936 to a full-scale Spanish Civil War.On the death of his uncle in 1921 he became Marquess of Estella. With the support of King Alfonso XIII and the army, Primo de Rivera led a Mussolini-inspired military coup on 13 September 1923. He was appointed Prime Minister by the King. He promised to eliminate corruption and to regenerate Spain. In order to do this he suspended the constitution, established martial law, imposed a strict system of censorship, and ended the "turno" (spoils) system of alternating parties.Primo de Rivera initially said he would rule for only 90 days, however, he chose to remain in power. Little social reform took place, but he attempted to reduce unemployment by spending money on public works. To pay for this, Primo de Rivera introduced higher taxes on the rich. When they complained he chose to change his policies and attempted to raise money by public loans. This caused rapid inflation and—after losing support of the army—he was forced to resign in January 1930. After his death, his son, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, played an important role in the development of fascism in Spain. It was under Primo de Rivera's rule that Francisco Franco was promoted to general, the youngest person holding this high rank in Europe.Miguel Primo de Rivera was born into a landowning military family of Jerez de la Frontera. His father was a retired colonel. His uncle, Fernando, was Captain General in Madrid and the soon-to-be first marquess of Estella. Fernando later participated in the plot to restore the constitutional monarchy in 1875, ending the tumultuous First Republic. His great-grandfather was Bértrand Primo de Rivera (1741–1813), a general and hero of the Spanish Resistance against Napoleon Bonaparte.The young Miguel grew up as part of what Gerald Brenan called "a hard-drinking, whoring, horse-loving aristocracy" that ruled "over the most starved and down-trodden race of agricultural labourers in Europe." Studying history and engineering before deciding upon a military career, he won admission to the newly created General Academy in Toledo, and graduated in 1884.His army career gave him a role as junior officer in the colonial wars in Morocco, Cuba and the Philippines. He then held several important military posts including the captain-generalship of Valencia, Madrid and Barcelona.He showed courage and initiative in battles against the Berbers of the Rif region in northern Morocco, and promotions and decorations came steadily. Primo de Rivera became convinced that Spain probably could not hold on to its North African colony. For many years, the government had tried without success to crush the Berber rebels, wasting lives and money. He concluded Spain must withdraw from what was called Spanish Morocco if it could not dominate the colony. He was familiar with Cuba and the Philippines with the latter as an aide-de-camp during the Philippine Revolution against Emilio Aguinaldo and became a hostage along with Filipino exiles in Hong Kong after the Pact of Biak na Bato. in 1898 he watched the humiliating defeat in the Spanish–American War, bringing a close to his nation's once-great empire. That loss frustrated many Spaniards, Primo de Rivera included. They criticized the politicians and the parliamentary system which could not maintain order or foster economic development at home, nor preserve the vestiges of Spain's imperial glory.Primo de Rivera went to Madrid to serve in the Ministry of War with his uncle. Renowned for his amorous conquests, he reverted to the carefree days of his youth in Jerez. Then in 1902, he married a young Hispano-Cuban, Casilda Sáenz de Heredia. Their marriage was happy, and Casilda bore six children before her death in 1908, following the birth of Fernando. He later was sent on a military mission to France, Switzerland, and Italy in 1909.The British historian Hugh Thomas says: "He would work enormously hard for weeks on end and then disappear for a " juerga " of dancing, drinking and love-making with gypsies. He would be observed almost alone in the streets of Madrid, swathed in an opera cloak, making his way from one café to another, and on returning home would issue a garrulous and sometimes even intoxicated communiqué -- which he would often have to cancel in the morning."Between 1909 and 1923, Primo de Rivera's career blossomed, but he became increasingly discouraged with the fortunes of his country. He was wounded in action in October 1911 in the Kert campaign while leading the infantry regiment San Fernando as Colonel. Having returned to Spanish Morocco, he was promoted to brigadier general in 1911, the first graduate of the General Academy to receive such a promotion. Yet social revolution had flared briefly in Barcelona, during the Tragic Week of 1909. After the army had called up conscripts to fight in the Second Rif War in Morocco, Radical republicans and anarchists in Catalonia had proclaimed a general strike. Violence had erupted when the government declared martial law. Anticlerical rioters had burned churches and convents, and tensions grew as socialists and anarchists pressed for radical changes in Spain. The government proved unable to reform itself or the nation and frustration mounted.After 1918, post-World War I economic difficulties heightened social unrest in Spain. The Cortes (Spanish parliament) under the constitutional monarchy seemed to have no solution to Spain's unemployment, labor strikes, and poverty. In 1921, the Spanish army suffered a stunning defeat in Morocco at the Battle of Annual, which discredited the military's North African policies. By 1923, deputies of the Cortes called for an investigation into the responsibility of King Alfonso XIII and the armed forces for the debacle. Rumors of corruption in the army became rampant.On 13 September 1923, the indignant military, headed by Captain General Miguel Primo de Rivera in Barcelona, overthrew the parliamentary government, upon which Primo de Rivera established himself as dictator. In his typically florid prose, he issued a Manifesto explaining the coup to the people. Resentful of the parliamentarians' attacks against him, King Alfonso tried to give Primo de Rivera legitimacy by naming him prime minister. In justifying his "coup d'état", Primo de Rivera announced: "Our aim is to open a brief parenthesis in the constitutional life of Spain and to re-establish it as soon as the country offers us men uncontaminated with the vices of political organization." In other words, he believed that the old class of politicians had ruined Spain, that they sought only their own interests rather than patriotism and nationalism.Although many leftists opposed the dictatorship, some of the public supported Primo de Rivera. Those Spaniards were tired of the turmoil and economic problems and hoped a strong leader, backed by the military, could put their country on the right track. Others were enraged that the parliament had been brushed aside. As he travelled through Spain, his emotional speeches left no doubt that he was a Spanish patriot. He proposed to keep the dictatorship in place long enough to sweep away the mess created by the politicians. In the meantime, he would use the state to modernize the economy and alleviate the problems of the working class.Primo de Rivera began by appointing a supreme Directory of eight military men, with himself as president. He then decreed martial law and fired civilian politicians in the provinces, replacing them with middle-ranking officers. When members of the Cortes complained to the king, Alfonso dismissed them, and Primo de Rivera suspended the constitution and dissolved the legislative body. He also moved to repress separatists, who wanted to make the Basque provinces and Catalonia independent from Spain. Despite some reservations, the great Spanish philosopher and intellectual, José Ortega y Gasset, wrote:Nevertheless, other intellectuals such as Miguel de Unamuno and Vicente Blasco Ibáñez criticized the regime and were exiled.The dictator enjoyed several successes in the early years of his regime. Chief among them was Morocco, which had been festering since the start of the 20th century. Primo de Rivera talked of abandoning the colony altogether, unless sufficient resources were available to defeat the rebellion, and began withdrawing Spanish forces. But when the Moroccans attacked the French sector, they drove the French and Spanish to unite to crush the defiance in 1925. He went to Africa to help lead the troops in person, and 1927 brought victory to the Franco-Spanish forces. Grateful Spaniards rejoiced to think that decades of North African bloodletting and recriminations were over.Primo de Rivera also worked to build infrastructure for his economically backward country. Spain had few cars when he came to power; by 1930, and Rivera aimed to expand this. The Barcelona Metro, started many years earlier, opened in 1924. His economic planners built dams to harness the hydroelectric power of rivers, especially the Duero and the Ebro, and to provide water for irrigation. For the first time, electricity reached some of Spain's rural regions. The regime upgraded Spain's railroads, and this helped the Spanish iron and steel industry prosper. Between 1923 and 1927, foreign trade increased 300%. Overall, his government intervened to protect national producers from foreign competition. Such economic nationalism was largely the brainchild of Primo de Rivera's finance minister, José Calvo Sotelo. Spain benefited from the European post-World War I boom, but largely benefitted the wealthy.The tranquility was, in part, due to the dictatorship's ways of accommodating the interests of Spanish workers. Imitating the example of Benito Mussolini in Italy, Primo de Rivera forced management and labor to cooperate by organizing 27 corporations (committees) representing different industries and professions. Within each corporation, government arbitrators mediated disputes over wages, hours, and working conditions. This gave Spanish labor more influence than ever before and this might be the reason why the Spanish Socialist Party and UGT were quick to cooperate with the government and its leaders affiliated themselves with the committees mentioned before. Individual workers also benefited because the regime undertook massive public works. The government financed such projects with huge public loans, which Calvo Sotelo argued would be repaid by the increased taxes resulting from economic expansion. Unemployment largely disappeared.But Primo de Rivera brought order to Spain with a price: his regime was a dictatorship. He censored the press. When intellectuals criticized the government, he closed El Ateneo, the country's most famous political and literary club. The largely anarchist CNT was decreed illegal and, without the support of the Socialist Party, the general strikes organised by the organisation were dismantled violently by the army. To suppress the separatist fever in Barcelona, the regime tried to expunge Catalan culture. It was illegal to use Catalan in church services or to dance the sardana. Furthermore, many of the dictator's economic reforms did not actually help the poor as huge public spending led to inflation, which the rich could cope with more easily. This led to a huge income disparity between the wealthy and working classes in Spain at the time.Despite his paternalistic conservatism, Primo de Rivera was enough of a reformer and his policies were radical enough to threaten the interests of the traditional power elite. According to British historian Gerald Brenan, "Spain needed radical reforms and he could only govern by the permission of the two most reactionary forces in the country—the Army and the Church."Primo de Rivera dared not tackle what was seen as Spain's most pressing problem, agrarian reform, because it would have provoked the great landholding elite. Writes historian Richard Herr, "Primo was not one to waken sleeping dogs, especially if they were big."Primo de Rivera chiefly failed because he did not create a viable, legitimate political system to preserve and continue his reforms. He seems to have sincerely wanted the dictatorship to be as brief as possible and initially hoped that Spain could live with the Constitution of 1876 and a new group of politicians. The problem was to find new civilian leadership to take the place of the military.In 1923, he began to create a new "apolitical" party, the Patriotic Union (UP), which was formally organized the following year. Primo de Rivera liked to claim that members of the UP were above the squabbling and corruption of petty politics, that they placed the nation's interests above their own. He thought it would bring ideal democracy to Spain by representing true public opinion. But the UP quite obviously was a political party, despite the dictator's naive protestations. Furthermore, it failed to attract enthusiastic support or even many members.On 3 December 1925 he moved to restore legitimate government by dismissing the military Directory and replacing it with civilians. Still, the constitution remained suspended, and criticisms of the regime grew. By summer 1926, former politicians, led by conservative José Sánchez Guerra, pressed the king to remove Primo de Rivera and restore constitutional government. To demonstrate his public support, Primo de Rivera ordered the UP to conduct a plebiscite in September. Voters could endorse the regime or abstain. About a third of those able to vote declined to go to the polls.Nevertheless, buoyed by his victory, Primo de Rivera decided to promote a body tasked with the elaboration of a constitutional draft. On 10 October 1927, with the king in attendance, he opened a National Assembly. Although they met in the Cortes chamber, members of the regime-appointed assembly could only advise Primo de Rivera. They had no legislative power. In 1929, following guidance from the dictator, the assembly finally produced a new constitution draft. Among its provisions, it gave women the vote because Primo de Rivera believed their political views less susceptible to political radicalism. He intended to have the nation accept the new constitution in another plebiscite, to be held in 1930.As the economic boom ended, Spaniards gradually became tired of the dictatorship. The value of the peseta fell against foreign currencies, 1929 brought a bad harvest, and Spain's imports far outstripped the worth of its exports. Conservative critics blamed rising inflation on the government's spending for public works projects. Although no one recognized it at the time, the final months of the year brought the international economic slump which turned into the Great Depression of the 1930s.When Primo de Rivera lost the support of the king and the armed forces, his dictatorship was doomed. The Spanish military had never unanimously backed his seizure of power, although it had tolerated his rule. But when Primo de Rivera began to inject politics into promotions for the artillery corps, it provoked hostility and opposition. Troubled by the regime's failure to legitimize itself or to solve the country's woes, the king also began to draw away. Alfonso, who had sponsored the establishment of Madrid's University City, watched with dismay as the country's students took to the streets to protest the dictatorship and the king's support for it. A clandestine pamphlet portrayed Alfonso as Primo de Rivera's dancing partner. Yet the king did not have to remove Primo de Rivera. On 26 January 1930, the dictator asked the military leaders if he still had their support. Their lukewarm responses, and his recognition that the king no longer backed him, persuaded him to resign two days later. Primo de Rivera retired and moved to Paris, where he died a month and a half later at the age of 60 from a combination of fever and diabetes on 16 March 1930.In the early 1930s, as with most of the Western world during and after the Great Depression, Spain fell into economic and political chaos. Alfonso XIII appointed General Dámaso Berenguer, one of Primo de Rivera's opponents, to govern. This government promptly failed in its attempt to return to ordinary constitutional order. Different presidential candidates attempted to restore the legitimacy of the monarch, who had discredited himself by siding with the dictatorship. Eventually, municipal elections were called for on 12 April 1931. While monarchist parties won in the overall polls, republican candidates commanded the majority in urban centres, winning the elections in 41 provincial capitals including Madrid and Barcelona. In April 1931, General José Sanjurjo informed the King that he could not count on the loyalty of the armed forces. Alfonso XIII went into exile on 14 April 1931, not formally abdicating until he did so in 1941 in favour of his son, Juan de Borbón. The act ushered in the Second Republic. Two years later Primo de Rivera's eldest son, José Antonio, founded the Falange, a Spanish fascist party. Both José Antonio and his brother Fernando were arrested in March 1936 by the republic, and were executed in Alicante prison by Republican forces once the Spanish Civil War began in July 1936. The Nationalists led by Francisco Franco won the Civil War and established a far more authoritarian regime. By that time, many Spaniards regarded Primo de Rivera's relatively mild regime and its economic optimism with greater fondness.
|
[
"Captain General of Catalonia",
"Senator of the Kingdom",
"Minister of State of Spain",
"High Commissioner of Spain to Morocco"
] |
|
Which position did Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella hold in Jun, 1928?
|
June 27, 1928
|
{
"text": [
"President of the Council of Ministers",
"Minister of State of Spain"
]
}
|
L2_Q192894_P39_4
|
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of Minister of State of Spain from Feb, 1927 to Nov, 1928.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of Senator of the Kingdom from Jan, 1921 to Jan, 1922.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of Captain General of Catalonia from Jan, 1922 to Jan, 1924.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of High Commissioner of Spain to Morocco from Oct, 1924 to Nov, 1925.
Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella holds the position of President of the Council of Ministers from Dec, 1925 to Nov, 1928.
|
Miguel Primo de RiveraMiguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquess of Estella (8 January 1870 – 16 March 1930), was a dictator, aristocrat, and military officer who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 1923 to 1930 during Spain's Restoration era. He deeply believed that it was the politicians who had ruined Spain and that governing without them he could restore the nation. His slogan was "Country, Religion, Monarchy." Historians depict him as an inept dictator who lacked clear ideas and political acumen, and who alienated his potential supporters such as the army. He did not create a base of support among the voters, and depended instead on elite elements. His actions discredited the king and ruined the monarchy, while heightening social tensions that led in 1936 to a full-scale Spanish Civil War.On the death of his uncle in 1921 he became Marquess of Estella. With the support of King Alfonso XIII and the army, Primo de Rivera led a Mussolini-inspired military coup on 13 September 1923. He was appointed Prime Minister by the King. He promised to eliminate corruption and to regenerate Spain. In order to do this he suspended the constitution, established martial law, imposed a strict system of censorship, and ended the "turno" (spoils) system of alternating parties.Primo de Rivera initially said he would rule for only 90 days, however, he chose to remain in power. Little social reform took place, but he attempted to reduce unemployment by spending money on public works. To pay for this, Primo de Rivera introduced higher taxes on the rich. When they complained he chose to change his policies and attempted to raise money by public loans. This caused rapid inflation and—after losing support of the army—he was forced to resign in January 1930. After his death, his son, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, played an important role in the development of fascism in Spain. It was under Primo de Rivera's rule that Francisco Franco was promoted to general, the youngest person holding this high rank in Europe.Miguel Primo de Rivera was born into a landowning military family of Jerez de la Frontera. His father was a retired colonel. His uncle, Fernando, was Captain General in Madrid and the soon-to-be first marquess of Estella. Fernando later participated in the plot to restore the constitutional monarchy in 1875, ending the tumultuous First Republic. His great-grandfather was Bértrand Primo de Rivera (1741–1813), a general and hero of the Spanish Resistance against Napoleon Bonaparte.The young Miguel grew up as part of what Gerald Brenan called "a hard-drinking, whoring, horse-loving aristocracy" that ruled "over the most starved and down-trodden race of agricultural labourers in Europe." Studying history and engineering before deciding upon a military career, he won admission to the newly created General Academy in Toledo, and graduated in 1884.His army career gave him a role as junior officer in the colonial wars in Morocco, Cuba and the Philippines. He then held several important military posts including the captain-generalship of Valencia, Madrid and Barcelona.He showed courage and initiative in battles against the Berbers of the Rif region in northern Morocco, and promotions and decorations came steadily. Primo de Rivera became convinced that Spain probably could not hold on to its North African colony. For many years, the government had tried without success to crush the Berber rebels, wasting lives and money. He concluded Spain must withdraw from what was called Spanish Morocco if it could not dominate the colony. He was familiar with Cuba and the Philippines with the latter as an aide-de-camp during the Philippine Revolution against Emilio Aguinaldo and became a hostage along with Filipino exiles in Hong Kong after the Pact of Biak na Bato. in 1898 he watched the humiliating defeat in the Spanish–American War, bringing a close to his nation's once-great empire. That loss frustrated many Spaniards, Primo de Rivera included. They criticized the politicians and the parliamentary system which could not maintain order or foster economic development at home, nor preserve the vestiges of Spain's imperial glory.Primo de Rivera went to Madrid to serve in the Ministry of War with his uncle. Renowned for his amorous conquests, he reverted to the carefree days of his youth in Jerez. Then in 1902, he married a young Hispano-Cuban, Casilda Sáenz de Heredia. Their marriage was happy, and Casilda bore six children before her death in 1908, following the birth of Fernando. He later was sent on a military mission to France, Switzerland, and Italy in 1909.The British historian Hugh Thomas says: "He would work enormously hard for weeks on end and then disappear for a " juerga " of dancing, drinking and love-making with gypsies. He would be observed almost alone in the streets of Madrid, swathed in an opera cloak, making his way from one café to another, and on returning home would issue a garrulous and sometimes even intoxicated communiqué -- which he would often have to cancel in the morning."Between 1909 and 1923, Primo de Rivera's career blossomed, but he became increasingly discouraged with the fortunes of his country. He was wounded in action in October 1911 in the Kert campaign while leading the infantry regiment San Fernando as Colonel. Having returned to Spanish Morocco, he was promoted to brigadier general in 1911, the first graduate of the General Academy to receive such a promotion. Yet social revolution had flared briefly in Barcelona, during the Tragic Week of 1909. After the army had called up conscripts to fight in the Second Rif War in Morocco, Radical republicans and anarchists in Catalonia had proclaimed a general strike. Violence had erupted when the government declared martial law. Anticlerical rioters had burned churches and convents, and tensions grew as socialists and anarchists pressed for radical changes in Spain. The government proved unable to reform itself or the nation and frustration mounted.After 1918, post-World War I economic difficulties heightened social unrest in Spain. The Cortes (Spanish parliament) under the constitutional monarchy seemed to have no solution to Spain's unemployment, labor strikes, and poverty. In 1921, the Spanish army suffered a stunning defeat in Morocco at the Battle of Annual, which discredited the military's North African policies. By 1923, deputies of the Cortes called for an investigation into the responsibility of King Alfonso XIII and the armed forces for the debacle. Rumors of corruption in the army became rampant.On 13 September 1923, the indignant military, headed by Captain General Miguel Primo de Rivera in Barcelona, overthrew the parliamentary government, upon which Primo de Rivera established himself as dictator. In his typically florid prose, he issued a Manifesto explaining the coup to the people. Resentful of the parliamentarians' attacks against him, King Alfonso tried to give Primo de Rivera legitimacy by naming him prime minister. In justifying his "coup d'état", Primo de Rivera announced: "Our aim is to open a brief parenthesis in the constitutional life of Spain and to re-establish it as soon as the country offers us men uncontaminated with the vices of political organization." In other words, he believed that the old class of politicians had ruined Spain, that they sought only their own interests rather than patriotism and nationalism.Although many leftists opposed the dictatorship, some of the public supported Primo de Rivera. Those Spaniards were tired of the turmoil and economic problems and hoped a strong leader, backed by the military, could put their country on the right track. Others were enraged that the parliament had been brushed aside. As he travelled through Spain, his emotional speeches left no doubt that he was a Spanish patriot. He proposed to keep the dictatorship in place long enough to sweep away the mess created by the politicians. In the meantime, he would use the state to modernize the economy and alleviate the problems of the working class.Primo de Rivera began by appointing a supreme Directory of eight military men, with himself as president. He then decreed martial law and fired civilian politicians in the provinces, replacing them with middle-ranking officers. When members of the Cortes complained to the king, Alfonso dismissed them, and Primo de Rivera suspended the constitution and dissolved the legislative body. He also moved to repress separatists, who wanted to make the Basque provinces and Catalonia independent from Spain. Despite some reservations, the great Spanish philosopher and intellectual, José Ortega y Gasset, wrote:Nevertheless, other intellectuals such as Miguel de Unamuno and Vicente Blasco Ibáñez criticized the regime and were exiled.The dictator enjoyed several successes in the early years of his regime. Chief among them was Morocco, which had been festering since the start of the 20th century. Primo de Rivera talked of abandoning the colony altogether, unless sufficient resources were available to defeat the rebellion, and began withdrawing Spanish forces. But when the Moroccans attacked the French sector, they drove the French and Spanish to unite to crush the defiance in 1925. He went to Africa to help lead the troops in person, and 1927 brought victory to the Franco-Spanish forces. Grateful Spaniards rejoiced to think that decades of North African bloodletting and recriminations were over.Primo de Rivera also worked to build infrastructure for his economically backward country. Spain had few cars when he came to power; by 1930, and Rivera aimed to expand this. The Barcelona Metro, started many years earlier, opened in 1924. His economic planners built dams to harness the hydroelectric power of rivers, especially the Duero and the Ebro, and to provide water for irrigation. For the first time, electricity reached some of Spain's rural regions. The regime upgraded Spain's railroads, and this helped the Spanish iron and steel industry prosper. Between 1923 and 1927, foreign trade increased 300%. Overall, his government intervened to protect national producers from foreign competition. Such economic nationalism was largely the brainchild of Primo de Rivera's finance minister, José Calvo Sotelo. Spain benefited from the European post-World War I boom, but largely benefitted the wealthy.The tranquility was, in part, due to the dictatorship's ways of accommodating the interests of Spanish workers. Imitating the example of Benito Mussolini in Italy, Primo de Rivera forced management and labor to cooperate by organizing 27 corporations (committees) representing different industries and professions. Within each corporation, government arbitrators mediated disputes over wages, hours, and working conditions. This gave Spanish labor more influence than ever before and this might be the reason why the Spanish Socialist Party and UGT were quick to cooperate with the government and its leaders affiliated themselves with the committees mentioned before. Individual workers also benefited because the regime undertook massive public works. The government financed such projects with huge public loans, which Calvo Sotelo argued would be repaid by the increased taxes resulting from economic expansion. Unemployment largely disappeared.But Primo de Rivera brought order to Spain with a price: his regime was a dictatorship. He censored the press. When intellectuals criticized the government, he closed El Ateneo, the country's most famous political and literary club. The largely anarchist CNT was decreed illegal and, without the support of the Socialist Party, the general strikes organised by the organisation were dismantled violently by the army. To suppress the separatist fever in Barcelona, the regime tried to expunge Catalan culture. It was illegal to use Catalan in church services or to dance the sardana. Furthermore, many of the dictator's economic reforms did not actually help the poor as huge public spending led to inflation, which the rich could cope with more easily. This led to a huge income disparity between the wealthy and working classes in Spain at the time.Despite his paternalistic conservatism, Primo de Rivera was enough of a reformer and his policies were radical enough to threaten the interests of the traditional power elite. According to British historian Gerald Brenan, "Spain needed radical reforms and he could only govern by the permission of the two most reactionary forces in the country—the Army and the Church."Primo de Rivera dared not tackle what was seen as Spain's most pressing problem, agrarian reform, because it would have provoked the great landholding elite. Writes historian Richard Herr, "Primo was not one to waken sleeping dogs, especially if they were big."Primo de Rivera chiefly failed because he did not create a viable, legitimate political system to preserve and continue his reforms. He seems to have sincerely wanted the dictatorship to be as brief as possible and initially hoped that Spain could live with the Constitution of 1876 and a new group of politicians. The problem was to find new civilian leadership to take the place of the military.In 1923, he began to create a new "apolitical" party, the Patriotic Union (UP), which was formally organized the following year. Primo de Rivera liked to claim that members of the UP were above the squabbling and corruption of petty politics, that they placed the nation's interests above their own. He thought it would bring ideal democracy to Spain by representing true public opinion. But the UP quite obviously was a political party, despite the dictator's naive protestations. Furthermore, it failed to attract enthusiastic support or even many members.On 3 December 1925 he moved to restore legitimate government by dismissing the military Directory and replacing it with civilians. Still, the constitution remained suspended, and criticisms of the regime grew. By summer 1926, former politicians, led by conservative José Sánchez Guerra, pressed the king to remove Primo de Rivera and restore constitutional government. To demonstrate his public support, Primo de Rivera ordered the UP to conduct a plebiscite in September. Voters could endorse the regime or abstain. About a third of those able to vote declined to go to the polls.Nevertheless, buoyed by his victory, Primo de Rivera decided to promote a body tasked with the elaboration of a constitutional draft. On 10 October 1927, with the king in attendance, he opened a National Assembly. Although they met in the Cortes chamber, members of the regime-appointed assembly could only advise Primo de Rivera. They had no legislative power. In 1929, following guidance from the dictator, the assembly finally produced a new constitution draft. Among its provisions, it gave women the vote because Primo de Rivera believed their political views less susceptible to political radicalism. He intended to have the nation accept the new constitution in another plebiscite, to be held in 1930.As the economic boom ended, Spaniards gradually became tired of the dictatorship. The value of the peseta fell against foreign currencies, 1929 brought a bad harvest, and Spain's imports far outstripped the worth of its exports. Conservative critics blamed rising inflation on the government's spending for public works projects. Although no one recognized it at the time, the final months of the year brought the international economic slump which turned into the Great Depression of the 1930s.When Primo de Rivera lost the support of the king and the armed forces, his dictatorship was doomed. The Spanish military had never unanimously backed his seizure of power, although it had tolerated his rule. But when Primo de Rivera began to inject politics into promotions for the artillery corps, it provoked hostility and opposition. Troubled by the regime's failure to legitimize itself or to solve the country's woes, the king also began to draw away. Alfonso, who had sponsored the establishment of Madrid's University City, watched with dismay as the country's students took to the streets to protest the dictatorship and the king's support for it. A clandestine pamphlet portrayed Alfonso as Primo de Rivera's dancing partner. Yet the king did not have to remove Primo de Rivera. On 26 January 1930, the dictator asked the military leaders if he still had their support. Their lukewarm responses, and his recognition that the king no longer backed him, persuaded him to resign two days later. Primo de Rivera retired and moved to Paris, where he died a month and a half later at the age of 60 from a combination of fever and diabetes on 16 March 1930.In the early 1930s, as with most of the Western world during and after the Great Depression, Spain fell into economic and political chaos. Alfonso XIII appointed General Dámaso Berenguer, one of Primo de Rivera's opponents, to govern. This government promptly failed in its attempt to return to ordinary constitutional order. Different presidential candidates attempted to restore the legitimacy of the monarch, who had discredited himself by siding with the dictatorship. Eventually, municipal elections were called for on 12 April 1931. While monarchist parties won in the overall polls, republican candidates commanded the majority in urban centres, winning the elections in 41 provincial capitals including Madrid and Barcelona. In April 1931, General José Sanjurjo informed the King that he could not count on the loyalty of the armed forces. Alfonso XIII went into exile on 14 April 1931, not formally abdicating until he did so in 1941 in favour of his son, Juan de Borbón. The act ushered in the Second Republic. Two years later Primo de Rivera's eldest son, José Antonio, founded the Falange, a Spanish fascist party. Both José Antonio and his brother Fernando were arrested in March 1936 by the republic, and were executed in Alicante prison by Republican forces once the Spanish Civil War began in July 1936. The Nationalists led by Francisco Franco won the Civil War and established a far more authoritarian regime. By that time, many Spaniards regarded Primo de Rivera's relatively mild regime and its economic optimism with greater fondness.
|
[
"Captain General of Catalonia",
"Senator of the Kingdom",
"High Commissioner of Spain to Morocco"
] |
|
Which employer did David Newth work for in Nov, 1953?
|
November 25, 1953
|
{
"text": [
"University College London"
]
}
|
L2_Q42422093_P108_0
|
David Newth works for University of Glasgow from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1981.
David Newth works for Middlesex School from Jan, 1960 to Jan, 1965.
David Newth works for University College London from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1960.
|
David NewthProf David Richmond Newth FRSE PhD (1921-1988) was a British zoologist and scientific author.He was born near Birmingham on 10 October 1921 the son of Herbert Greenway Newth and his wife Annie(Nan) Munroe Fraser, a Scot. He was educated at King Edward VI Aston School in Birmingham. He then studied Zoology at the University of London graduating BSc and gaining a postgraduate doctorate (PhD).In the Second World War he served as a Lieutenant in the REME in India and Burma. In 1947 he began lecturing in Zoology at University College, London. In 1960 he became Professor of Biology as Applied to Medicine at Middlesex Hospital Medical School and in 1965 transferred to Scotland as Regius Professor of Zoology at Glasgow University.He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1966. His proposers were James Duncan Robertson, Sir Maurice Yonge, Percy Brian and John Paul.He retired in 1981 and died at Lochgoilhead in western Scotland on 5 June 1988.In 1946 he married Jean Winifred Haddon.
|
[
"Middlesex School",
"University of Glasgow"
] |
|
Which employer did David Newth work for in May, 1961?
|
May 11, 1961
|
{
"text": [
"Middlesex School"
]
}
|
L2_Q42422093_P108_1
|
David Newth works for University College London from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1960.
David Newth works for Middlesex School from Jan, 1960 to Jan, 1965.
David Newth works for University of Glasgow from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1981.
|
David NewthProf David Richmond Newth FRSE PhD (1921-1988) was a British zoologist and scientific author.He was born near Birmingham on 10 October 1921 the son of Herbert Greenway Newth and his wife Annie(Nan) Munroe Fraser, a Scot. He was educated at King Edward VI Aston School in Birmingham. He then studied Zoology at the University of London graduating BSc and gaining a postgraduate doctorate (PhD).In the Second World War he served as a Lieutenant in the REME in India and Burma. In 1947 he began lecturing in Zoology at University College, London. In 1960 he became Professor of Biology as Applied to Medicine at Middlesex Hospital Medical School and in 1965 transferred to Scotland as Regius Professor of Zoology at Glasgow University.He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1966. His proposers were James Duncan Robertson, Sir Maurice Yonge, Percy Brian and John Paul.He retired in 1981 and died at Lochgoilhead in western Scotland on 5 June 1988.In 1946 he married Jean Winifred Haddon.
|
[
"University College London",
"University of Glasgow"
] |
|
Which employer did David Newth work for in Aug, 1969?
|
August 03, 1969
|
{
"text": [
"University of Glasgow"
]
}
|
L2_Q42422093_P108_2
|
David Newth works for University of Glasgow from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1981.
David Newth works for Middlesex School from Jan, 1960 to Jan, 1965.
David Newth works for University College London from Jan, 1947 to Jan, 1960.
|
David NewthProf David Richmond Newth FRSE PhD (1921-1988) was a British zoologist and scientific author.He was born near Birmingham on 10 October 1921 the son of Herbert Greenway Newth and his wife Annie(Nan) Munroe Fraser, a Scot. He was educated at King Edward VI Aston School in Birmingham. He then studied Zoology at the University of London graduating BSc and gaining a postgraduate doctorate (PhD).In the Second World War he served as a Lieutenant in the REME in India and Burma. In 1947 he began lecturing in Zoology at University College, London. In 1960 he became Professor of Biology as Applied to Medicine at Middlesex Hospital Medical School and in 1965 transferred to Scotland as Regius Professor of Zoology at Glasgow University.He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1966. His proposers were James Duncan Robertson, Sir Maurice Yonge, Percy Brian and John Paul.He retired in 1981 and died at Lochgoilhead in western Scotland on 5 June 1988.In 1946 he married Jean Winifred Haddon.
|
[
"Middlesex School",
"University College London"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences in Jan, 1918?
|
January 05, 1918
|
{
"text": [
"Henrique Charles Morize"
]
}
|
L2_Q2497232_P488_0
|
Eduardo Krieger is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2007.
Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Jacob Palis is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2016.
Maurício Peixoto is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1991.
Miguel Osório de Almeida is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1929 to Jan, 1931.
Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1935 to Jan, 1937.
Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1981.
Arthur Alexandre Moses is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1935.
Luiz Davidovich is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Henrique Charles Morize is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1926.
Juliano Moreira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1929.
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1945.
Carlos Chagas Filho is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1967.
Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1941.
Oscar Sala is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993.
|
Brazilian Academy of SciencesThe Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( or "ABC") is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the "Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências" (2020 IF 1.280).Source: Brazilian Academy of SciencesABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
|
[
"Oscar Sala",
"Miguel Osório de Almeida",
"Luiz Davidovich",
"Maurício Peixoto",
"Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira",
"Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral",
"Eduardo Krieger",
"Carlos Chagas Filho",
"Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão",
"Arthur Alexandre Moses",
"Jacob Palis",
"Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão",
"Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva",
"Juliano Moreira"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences in Mar, 1928?
|
March 30, 1928
|
{
"text": [
"Juliano Moreira"
]
}
|
L2_Q2497232_P488_1
|
Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1941.
Eduardo Krieger is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2007.
Maurício Peixoto is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1991.
Luiz Davidovich is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Arthur Alexandre Moses is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1935.
Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1935 to Jan, 1937.
Carlos Chagas Filho is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1967.
Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1945.
Miguel Osório de Almeida is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1929 to Jan, 1931.
Oscar Sala is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993.
Juliano Moreira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1929.
Jacob Palis is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2016.
Henrique Charles Morize is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1926.
Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1981.
|
Brazilian Academy of SciencesThe Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( or "ABC") is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the "Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências" (2020 IF 1.280).Source: Brazilian Academy of SciencesABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
|
[
"Oscar Sala",
"Miguel Osório de Almeida",
"Luiz Davidovich",
"Maurício Peixoto",
"Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira",
"Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral",
"Eduardo Krieger",
"Carlos Chagas Filho",
"Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão",
"Arthur Alexandre Moses",
"Henrique Charles Morize",
"Jacob Palis",
"Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão",
"Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences in Jan, 1930?
|
January 23, 1930
|
{
"text": [
"Miguel Osório de Almeida"
]
}
|
L2_Q2497232_P488_2
|
Jacob Palis is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2016.
Luiz Davidovich is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Oscar Sala is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993.
Miguel Osório de Almeida is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1929 to Jan, 1931.
Henrique Charles Morize is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1926.
Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1945.
Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1941.
Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1935 to Jan, 1937.
Maurício Peixoto is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1991.
Arthur Alexandre Moses is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1935.
Carlos Chagas Filho is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1967.
Eduardo Krieger is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2007.
Juliano Moreira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1929.
Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1981.
|
Brazilian Academy of SciencesThe Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( or "ABC") is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the "Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências" (2020 IF 1.280).Source: Brazilian Academy of SciencesABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
|
[
"Oscar Sala",
"Luiz Davidovich",
"Maurício Peixoto",
"Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira",
"Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral",
"Eduardo Krieger",
"Carlos Chagas Filho",
"Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão",
"Arthur Alexandre Moses",
"Henrique Charles Morize",
"Jacob Palis",
"Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão",
"Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva",
"Juliano Moreira"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences in Jul, 1932?
|
July 25, 1932
|
{
"text": [
"Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira"
]
}
|
L2_Q2497232_P488_3
|
Henrique Charles Morize is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1926.
Juliano Moreira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1929.
Arthur Alexandre Moses is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1935.
Maurício Peixoto is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1991.
Oscar Sala is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993.
Jacob Palis is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2016.
Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1981.
Miguel Osório de Almeida is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1929 to Jan, 1931.
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1945.
Luiz Davidovich is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1935 to Jan, 1937.
Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1941.
Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Eduardo Krieger is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2007.
Carlos Chagas Filho is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1967.
|
Brazilian Academy of SciencesThe Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( or "ABC") is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the "Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências" (2020 IF 1.280).Source: Brazilian Academy of SciencesABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
|
[
"Oscar Sala",
"Miguel Osório de Almeida",
"Luiz Davidovich",
"Maurício Peixoto",
"Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral",
"Eduardo Krieger",
"Carlos Chagas Filho",
"Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão",
"Arthur Alexandre Moses",
"Henrique Charles Morize",
"Jacob Palis",
"Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão",
"Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva",
"Juliano Moreira"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences in Nov, 1934?
|
November 08, 1934
|
{
"text": [
"Arthur Alexandre Moses"
]
}
|
L2_Q2497232_P488_4
|
Jacob Palis is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2016.
Maurício Peixoto is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1991.
Oscar Sala is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993.
Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1941.
Miguel Osório de Almeida is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1929 to Jan, 1931.
Henrique Charles Morize is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1926.
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1945.
Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1935 to Jan, 1937.
Juliano Moreira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1929.
Arthur Alexandre Moses is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1935.
Eduardo Krieger is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2007.
Luiz Davidovich is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1981.
Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Carlos Chagas Filho is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1967.
|
Brazilian Academy of SciencesThe Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( or "ABC") is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the "Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências" (2020 IF 1.280).Source: Brazilian Academy of SciencesABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
|
[
"Oscar Sala",
"Miguel Osório de Almeida",
"Luiz Davidovich",
"Maurício Peixoto",
"Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira",
"Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral",
"Eduardo Krieger",
"Carlos Chagas Filho",
"Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão",
"Henrique Charles Morize",
"Jacob Palis",
"Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão",
"Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva",
"Juliano Moreira"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences in Oct, 1936?
|
October 29, 1936
|
{
"text": [
"Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva"
]
}
|
L2_Q2497232_P488_5
|
Arthur Alexandre Moses is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1935.
Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Henrique Charles Morize is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1926.
Miguel Osório de Almeida is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1929 to Jan, 1931.
Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1981.
Oscar Sala is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993.
Carlos Chagas Filho is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1967.
Juliano Moreira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1929.
Luiz Davidovich is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Eduardo Krieger is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2007.
Maurício Peixoto is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1991.
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1945.
Jacob Palis is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2016.
Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1941.
Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1935 to Jan, 1937.
|
Brazilian Academy of SciencesThe Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( or "ABC") is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the "Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências" (2020 IF 1.280).Source: Brazilian Academy of SciencesABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
|
[
"Oscar Sala",
"Miguel Osório de Almeida",
"Luiz Davidovich",
"Maurício Peixoto",
"Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira",
"Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral",
"Eduardo Krieger",
"Carlos Chagas Filho",
"Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão",
"Arthur Alexandre Moses",
"Henrique Charles Morize",
"Jacob Palis",
"Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão",
"Juliano Moreira"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences in Dec, 1940?
|
December 05, 1940
|
{
"text": [
"Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral"
]
}
|
L2_Q2497232_P488_6
|
Maurício Peixoto is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1991.
Carlos Chagas Filho is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1967.
Eduardo Krieger is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2007.
Juliano Moreira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1929.
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1945.
Miguel Osório de Almeida is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1929 to Jan, 1931.
Oscar Sala is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993.
Jacob Palis is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2016.
Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1981.
Luiz Davidovich is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1935 to Jan, 1937.
Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Henrique Charles Morize is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1926.
Arthur Alexandre Moses is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1935.
Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1941.
|
Brazilian Academy of SciencesThe Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( or "ABC") is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the "Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências" (2020 IF 1.280).Source: Brazilian Academy of SciencesABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
|
[
"Oscar Sala",
"Miguel Osório de Almeida",
"Luiz Davidovich",
"Maurício Peixoto",
"Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira",
"Eduardo Krieger",
"Carlos Chagas Filho",
"Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão",
"Arthur Alexandre Moses",
"Henrique Charles Morize",
"Jacob Palis",
"Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão",
"Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva",
"Juliano Moreira"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences in Jul, 1943?
|
July 17, 1943
|
{
"text": [
"Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão"
]
}
|
L2_Q2497232_P488_7
|
Maurício Peixoto is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1991.
Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1941.
Juliano Moreira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1929.
Miguel Osório de Almeida is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1929 to Jan, 1931.
Oscar Sala is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993.
Arthur Alexandre Moses is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1935.
Luiz Davidovich is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Jacob Palis is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2016.
Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1981.
Carlos Chagas Filho is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1967.
Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1935 to Jan, 1937.
Eduardo Krieger is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2007.
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1945.
Henrique Charles Morize is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1926.
|
Brazilian Academy of SciencesThe Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( or "ABC") is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the "Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências" (2020 IF 1.280).Source: Brazilian Academy of SciencesABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
|
[
"Oscar Sala",
"Miguel Osório de Almeida",
"Luiz Davidovich",
"Maurício Peixoto",
"Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira",
"Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral",
"Eduardo Krieger",
"Carlos Chagas Filho",
"Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão",
"Arthur Alexandre Moses",
"Henrique Charles Morize",
"Jacob Palis",
"Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva",
"Juliano Moreira"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences in Jul, 1965?
|
July 11, 1965
|
{
"text": [
"Carlos Chagas Filho"
]
}
|
L2_Q2497232_P488_8
|
Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1981.
Eduardo Krieger is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2007.
Arthur Alexandre Moses is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1935.
Luiz Davidovich is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Oscar Sala is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993.
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1945.
Maurício Peixoto is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1991.
Henrique Charles Morize is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1926.
Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1935 to Jan, 1937.
Carlos Chagas Filho is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1967.
Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1941.
Juliano Moreira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1929.
Miguel Osório de Almeida is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1929 to Jan, 1931.
Jacob Palis is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2016.
|
Brazilian Academy of SciencesThe Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( or "ABC") is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the "Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências" (2020 IF 1.280).Source: Brazilian Academy of SciencesABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
|
[
"Oscar Sala",
"Miguel Osório de Almeida",
"Luiz Davidovich",
"Maurício Peixoto",
"Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira",
"Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral",
"Eduardo Krieger",
"Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão",
"Arthur Alexandre Moses",
"Henrique Charles Morize",
"Jacob Palis",
"Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão",
"Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva",
"Juliano Moreira"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences in Apr, 1968?
|
April 10, 1968
|
{
"text": [
"Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão"
]
}
|
L2_Q2497232_P488_9
|
Oscar Sala is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993.
Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1935 to Jan, 1937.
Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1941.
Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1981.
Luiz Davidovich is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Arthur Alexandre Moses is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1935.
Henrique Charles Morize is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1926.
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1945.
Miguel Osório de Almeida is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1929 to Jan, 1931.
Juliano Moreira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1929.
Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Jacob Palis is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2016.
Eduardo Krieger is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2007.
Maurício Peixoto is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1991.
Carlos Chagas Filho is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1967.
|
Brazilian Academy of SciencesThe Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( or "ABC") is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the "Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências" (2020 IF 1.280).Source: Brazilian Academy of SciencesABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
|
[
"Oscar Sala",
"Miguel Osório de Almeida",
"Luiz Davidovich",
"Maurício Peixoto",
"Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira",
"Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral",
"Eduardo Krieger",
"Carlos Chagas Filho",
"Arthur Alexandre Moses",
"Henrique Charles Morize",
"Jacob Palis",
"Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão",
"Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva",
"Juliano Moreira"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences in Oct, 1981?
|
October 12, 1981
|
{
"text": [
"Maurício Peixoto"
]
}
|
L2_Q2497232_P488_10
|
Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1981.
Maurício Peixoto is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1991.
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1945.
Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1941.
Carlos Chagas Filho is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1967.
Luiz Davidovich is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Miguel Osório de Almeida is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1929 to Jan, 1931.
Henrique Charles Morize is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1926.
Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1935 to Jan, 1937.
Arthur Alexandre Moses is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1935.
Jacob Palis is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2016.
Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Oscar Sala is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993.
Eduardo Krieger is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2007.
Juliano Moreira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1929.
|
Brazilian Academy of SciencesThe Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( or "ABC") is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the "Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências" (2020 IF 1.280).Source: Brazilian Academy of SciencesABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
|
[
"Oscar Sala",
"Miguel Osório de Almeida",
"Luiz Davidovich",
"Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira",
"Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral",
"Eduardo Krieger",
"Carlos Chagas Filho",
"Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão",
"Arthur Alexandre Moses",
"Henrique Charles Morize",
"Jacob Palis",
"Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão",
"Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva",
"Juliano Moreira"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences in Dec, 1992?
|
December 03, 1992
|
{
"text": [
"Oscar Sala"
]
}
|
L2_Q2497232_P488_11
|
Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1935 to Jan, 1937.
Miguel Osório de Almeida is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1929 to Jan, 1931.
Eduardo Krieger is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2007.
Henrique Charles Morize is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1926.
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1945.
Juliano Moreira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1929.
Maurício Peixoto is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1991.
Luiz Davidovich is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Arthur Alexandre Moses is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1935.
Jacob Palis is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2016.
Carlos Chagas Filho is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1967.
Oscar Sala is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993.
Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1941.
Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1981.
|
Brazilian Academy of SciencesThe Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( or "ABC") is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the "Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências" (2020 IF 1.280).Source: Brazilian Academy of SciencesABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
|
[
"Miguel Osório de Almeida",
"Luiz Davidovich",
"Maurício Peixoto",
"Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira",
"Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral",
"Eduardo Krieger",
"Carlos Chagas Filho",
"Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão",
"Arthur Alexandre Moses",
"Henrique Charles Morize",
"Jacob Palis",
"Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão",
"Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva",
"Juliano Moreira"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences in Sep, 2006?
|
September 11, 2006
|
{
"text": [
"Eduardo Krieger"
]
}
|
L2_Q2497232_P488_12
|
Eduardo Krieger is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2007.
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1945.
Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1935 to Jan, 1937.
Oscar Sala is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993.
Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1941.
Jacob Palis is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2016.
Arthur Alexandre Moses is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1935.
Miguel Osório de Almeida is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1929 to Jan, 1931.
Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1981.
Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Juliano Moreira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1929.
Carlos Chagas Filho is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1967.
Henrique Charles Morize is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1926.
Luiz Davidovich is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Maurício Peixoto is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1991.
|
Brazilian Academy of SciencesThe Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( or "ABC") is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the "Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências" (2020 IF 1.280).Source: Brazilian Academy of SciencesABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
|
[
"Oscar Sala",
"Miguel Osório de Almeida",
"Luiz Davidovich",
"Maurício Peixoto",
"Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira",
"Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral",
"Carlos Chagas Filho",
"Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão",
"Arthur Alexandre Moses",
"Henrique Charles Morize",
"Jacob Palis",
"Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão",
"Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva",
"Juliano Moreira"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences in May, 2011?
|
May 30, 2011
|
{
"text": [
"Jacob Palis"
]
}
|
L2_Q2497232_P488_13
|
Arthur Alexandre Moses is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1935.
Luiz Davidovich is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1935 to Jan, 1937.
Maurício Peixoto is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1991.
Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1981.
Henrique Charles Morize is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1926.
Oscar Sala is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993.
Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1941.
Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Juliano Moreira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1929.
Eduardo Krieger is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2007.
Miguel Osório de Almeida is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1929 to Jan, 1931.
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1945.
Carlos Chagas Filho is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1967.
Jacob Palis is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2016.
|
Brazilian Academy of SciencesThe Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( or "ABC") is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the "Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências" (2020 IF 1.280).Source: Brazilian Academy of SciencesABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
|
[
"Oscar Sala",
"Miguel Osório de Almeida",
"Luiz Davidovich",
"Maurício Peixoto",
"Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira",
"Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral",
"Eduardo Krieger",
"Carlos Chagas Filho",
"Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão",
"Arthur Alexandre Moses",
"Henrique Charles Morize",
"Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão",
"Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva",
"Juliano Moreira"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences in Nov, 2017?
|
November 21, 2017
|
{
"text": [
"Luiz Davidovich"
]
}
|
L2_Q2497232_P488_14
|
Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1939 to Jan, 1941.
Carlos Chagas Filho is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1965 to Jan, 1967.
Eduardo Krieger is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1993 to Jan, 2007.
Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1967 to Jan, 1981.
Miguel Osório de Almeida is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1929 to Jan, 1931.
Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1931 to Jan, 1933.
Luiz Davidovich is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2016 to Dec, 2022.
Jacob Palis is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 2007 to Jan, 2016.
Maurício Peixoto is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1981 to Jan, 1991.
Arthur Alexandre Moses is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1933 to Jan, 1935.
Juliano Moreira is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1926 to Jan, 1929.
Henrique Charles Morize is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1916 to Jan, 1926.
Oscar Sala is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1993.
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1943 to Jan, 1945.
Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva is the chair of Brazilian Academy of Sciences from Jan, 1935 to Jan, 1937.
|
Brazilian Academy of SciencesThe Brazilian Academy of Sciences ( or "ABC") is the national academy of Brazil. It is headquartered in the city of Rio de Janeiro and was founded on May 3, 1916.It publishes a large number of scientific publications, among them the "Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências" (2020 IF 1.280).Source: Brazilian Academy of SciencesABC has a distinguished array of national and international members, among them:
|
[
"Oscar Sala",
"Miguel Osório de Almeida",
"Maurício Peixoto",
"Eusébio Paulo de Oliveira",
"Inácio Manuel Azevedo do Amaral",
"Eduardo Krieger",
"Carlos Chagas Filho",
"Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão",
"Arthur Alexandre Moses",
"Henrique Charles Morize",
"Jacob Palis",
"Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão",
"Álvaro Alberto da Mota e Silva",
"Juliano Moreira"
] |
|
Which position did Emil Stang, Sr. hold in Feb, 1881?
|
February 08, 1881
|
{
"text": [
"deputy member of the Parliament of Norway"
]
}
|
L2_Q1336909_P39_0
|
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Minister of Education and Church Affairs from Apr, 1895 to Oct, 1895.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1898 to Jan, 1900.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of party leader from Jan, 1896 to Jan, 1899.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Prime Minister of Norway from May, 1893 to Oct, 1895.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1880 to Jan, 1882.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Minister of Auditing from Jul, 1889 to Mar, 1891.
|
Emil StangEmil Stang (14 June 1834 – 4 July 1912) was a Norwegian jurist and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1889-1891 and again from 1893-1895. He also served as the first leader of the Conservative Party from 1884-1889, 1891-1893 and 1896-1899.Emil Stang was born and died in Christiania (now Oslo, Norway). He was the son of former Prime Minister Frederik Stang. Stang became cand.jur. in 1858 and established his own legal practice in 1861. Starting that year he also took part in the editing of "Ugeblad for Lovkyndighed" ("Weekly magazine for Law knowledge"). From 1871 to 1907 he was the editor of "Norsk Retstidende" (the annals of Norwegian courts), except for the years when he was Prime Minister. He was the first chairman of the Conservative Party from 1884–1889, and lead the party again 1891–1893, and again 1896–1899. He was Prime Minister from 1889 to 1891 and from 1893 to 1895. From 1889 to 1891 he was President of the Storting. In 1891 he was appointed judge at Kristiania Stiftsoverrett, however, he never acceded this office. He became presiding judge ("lagmann") for Borgarting and Agder regional courts in 1895 and Supreme Court Justice in 1901. He retired in 1904.In 1890, Stang was appointed as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav. He was the father of Emil Stang and Fredrik Stang. He died in Christiania.
|
[
"party leader",
"Minister of Auditing",
"Prime Minister of Norway",
"Minister of Education and Church Affairs",
"member of the Parliament of Norway"
] |
|
Which position did Emil Stang, Sr. hold in Sep, 1889?
|
September 24, 1889
|
{
"text": [
"Minister of Auditing"
]
}
|
L2_Q1336909_P39_1
|
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Minister of Education and Church Affairs from Apr, 1895 to Oct, 1895.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of party leader from Jan, 1896 to Jan, 1899.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1880 to Jan, 1882.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1898 to Jan, 1900.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Minister of Auditing from Jul, 1889 to Mar, 1891.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Prime Minister of Norway from May, 1893 to Oct, 1895.
|
Emil StangEmil Stang (14 June 1834 – 4 July 1912) was a Norwegian jurist and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1889-1891 and again from 1893-1895. He also served as the first leader of the Conservative Party from 1884-1889, 1891-1893 and 1896-1899.Emil Stang was born and died in Christiania (now Oslo, Norway). He was the son of former Prime Minister Frederik Stang. Stang became cand.jur. in 1858 and established his own legal practice in 1861. Starting that year he also took part in the editing of "Ugeblad for Lovkyndighed" ("Weekly magazine for Law knowledge"). From 1871 to 1907 he was the editor of "Norsk Retstidende" (the annals of Norwegian courts), except for the years when he was Prime Minister. He was the first chairman of the Conservative Party from 1884–1889, and lead the party again 1891–1893, and again 1896–1899. He was Prime Minister from 1889 to 1891 and from 1893 to 1895. From 1889 to 1891 he was President of the Storting. In 1891 he was appointed judge at Kristiania Stiftsoverrett, however, he never acceded this office. He became presiding judge ("lagmann") for Borgarting and Agder regional courts in 1895 and Supreme Court Justice in 1901. He retired in 1904.In 1890, Stang was appointed as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav. He was the father of Emil Stang and Fredrik Stang. He died in Christiania.
|
[
"party leader",
"Prime Minister of Norway",
"Minister of Education and Church Affairs",
"deputy member of the Parliament of Norway",
"member of the Parliament of Norway"
] |
|
Which position did Emil Stang, Sr. hold in Oct, 1893?
|
October 27, 1893
|
{
"text": [
"Prime Minister of Norway"
]
}
|
L2_Q1336909_P39_2
|
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of party leader from Jan, 1896 to Jan, 1899.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1898 to Jan, 1900.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Minister of Education and Church Affairs from Apr, 1895 to Oct, 1895.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Prime Minister of Norway from May, 1893 to Oct, 1895.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1880 to Jan, 1882.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Minister of Auditing from Jul, 1889 to Mar, 1891.
|
Emil StangEmil Stang (14 June 1834 – 4 July 1912) was a Norwegian jurist and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1889-1891 and again from 1893-1895. He also served as the first leader of the Conservative Party from 1884-1889, 1891-1893 and 1896-1899.Emil Stang was born and died in Christiania (now Oslo, Norway). He was the son of former Prime Minister Frederik Stang. Stang became cand.jur. in 1858 and established his own legal practice in 1861. Starting that year he also took part in the editing of "Ugeblad for Lovkyndighed" ("Weekly magazine for Law knowledge"). From 1871 to 1907 he was the editor of "Norsk Retstidende" (the annals of Norwegian courts), except for the years when he was Prime Minister. He was the first chairman of the Conservative Party from 1884–1889, and lead the party again 1891–1893, and again 1896–1899. He was Prime Minister from 1889 to 1891 and from 1893 to 1895. From 1889 to 1891 he was President of the Storting. In 1891 he was appointed judge at Kristiania Stiftsoverrett, however, he never acceded this office. He became presiding judge ("lagmann") for Borgarting and Agder regional courts in 1895 and Supreme Court Justice in 1901. He retired in 1904.In 1890, Stang was appointed as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav. He was the father of Emil Stang and Fredrik Stang. He died in Christiania.
|
[
"party leader",
"Minister of Auditing",
"Minister of Education and Church Affairs",
"deputy member of the Parliament of Norway",
"member of the Parliament of Norway"
] |
|
Which position did Emil Stang, Sr. hold in Jun, 1895?
|
June 14, 1895
|
{
"text": [
"Prime Minister of Norway",
"Minister of Education and Church Affairs"
]
}
|
L2_Q1336909_P39_3
|
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Minister of Education and Church Affairs from Apr, 1895 to Oct, 1895.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of party leader from Jan, 1896 to Jan, 1899.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1880 to Jan, 1882.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Minister of Auditing from Jul, 1889 to Mar, 1891.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Prime Minister of Norway from May, 1893 to Oct, 1895.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1898 to Jan, 1900.
|
Emil StangEmil Stang (14 June 1834 – 4 July 1912) was a Norwegian jurist and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1889-1891 and again from 1893-1895. He also served as the first leader of the Conservative Party from 1884-1889, 1891-1893 and 1896-1899.Emil Stang was born and died in Christiania (now Oslo, Norway). He was the son of former Prime Minister Frederik Stang. Stang became cand.jur. in 1858 and established his own legal practice in 1861. Starting that year he also took part in the editing of "Ugeblad for Lovkyndighed" ("Weekly magazine for Law knowledge"). From 1871 to 1907 he was the editor of "Norsk Retstidende" (the annals of Norwegian courts), except for the years when he was Prime Minister. He was the first chairman of the Conservative Party from 1884–1889, and lead the party again 1891–1893, and again 1896–1899. He was Prime Minister from 1889 to 1891 and from 1893 to 1895. From 1889 to 1891 he was President of the Storting. In 1891 he was appointed judge at Kristiania Stiftsoverrett, however, he never acceded this office. He became presiding judge ("lagmann") for Borgarting and Agder regional courts in 1895 and Supreme Court Justice in 1901. He retired in 1904.In 1890, Stang was appointed as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav. He was the father of Emil Stang and Fredrik Stang. He died in Christiania.
|
[
"deputy member of the Parliament of Norway",
"member of the Parliament of Norway",
"party leader",
"Minister of Auditing"
] |
|
Which position did Emil Stang, Sr. hold in Aug, 1897?
|
August 06, 1897
|
{
"text": [
"party leader"
]
}
|
L2_Q1336909_P39_4
|
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Minister of Auditing from Jul, 1889 to Mar, 1891.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Prime Minister of Norway from May, 1893 to Oct, 1895.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of party leader from Jan, 1896 to Jan, 1899.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1898 to Jan, 1900.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Minister of Education and Church Affairs from Apr, 1895 to Oct, 1895.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1880 to Jan, 1882.
|
Emil StangEmil Stang (14 June 1834 – 4 July 1912) was a Norwegian jurist and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1889-1891 and again from 1893-1895. He also served as the first leader of the Conservative Party from 1884-1889, 1891-1893 and 1896-1899.Emil Stang was born and died in Christiania (now Oslo, Norway). He was the son of former Prime Minister Frederik Stang. Stang became cand.jur. in 1858 and established his own legal practice in 1861. Starting that year he also took part in the editing of "Ugeblad for Lovkyndighed" ("Weekly magazine for Law knowledge"). From 1871 to 1907 he was the editor of "Norsk Retstidende" (the annals of Norwegian courts), except for the years when he was Prime Minister. He was the first chairman of the Conservative Party from 1884–1889, and lead the party again 1891–1893, and again 1896–1899. He was Prime Minister from 1889 to 1891 and from 1893 to 1895. From 1889 to 1891 he was President of the Storting. In 1891 he was appointed judge at Kristiania Stiftsoverrett, however, he never acceded this office. He became presiding judge ("lagmann") for Borgarting and Agder regional courts in 1895 and Supreme Court Justice in 1901. He retired in 1904.In 1890, Stang was appointed as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav. He was the father of Emil Stang and Fredrik Stang. He died in Christiania.
|
[
"Minister of Auditing",
"Prime Minister of Norway",
"Minister of Education and Church Affairs",
"deputy member of the Parliament of Norway",
"member of the Parliament of Norway"
] |
|
Which position did Emil Stang, Sr. hold in Feb, 1898?
|
February 22, 1898
|
{
"text": [
"member of the Parliament of Norway",
"party leader"
]
}
|
L2_Q1336909_P39_5
|
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1898 to Jan, 1900.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Minister of Auditing from Jul, 1889 to Mar, 1891.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Prime Minister of Norway from May, 1893 to Oct, 1895.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of Minister of Education and Church Affairs from Apr, 1895 to Oct, 1895.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of deputy member of the Parliament of Norway from Jan, 1880 to Jan, 1882.
Emil Stang, Sr. holds the position of party leader from Jan, 1896 to Jan, 1899.
|
Emil StangEmil Stang (14 June 1834 – 4 July 1912) was a Norwegian jurist and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1889-1891 and again from 1893-1895. He also served as the first leader of the Conservative Party from 1884-1889, 1891-1893 and 1896-1899.Emil Stang was born and died in Christiania (now Oslo, Norway). He was the son of former Prime Minister Frederik Stang. Stang became cand.jur. in 1858 and established his own legal practice in 1861. Starting that year he also took part in the editing of "Ugeblad for Lovkyndighed" ("Weekly magazine for Law knowledge"). From 1871 to 1907 he was the editor of "Norsk Retstidende" (the annals of Norwegian courts), except for the years when he was Prime Minister. He was the first chairman of the Conservative Party from 1884–1889, and lead the party again 1891–1893, and again 1896–1899. He was Prime Minister from 1889 to 1891 and from 1893 to 1895. From 1889 to 1891 he was President of the Storting. In 1891 he was appointed judge at Kristiania Stiftsoverrett, however, he never acceded this office. He became presiding judge ("lagmann") for Borgarting and Agder regional courts in 1895 and Supreme Court Justice in 1901. He retired in 1904.In 1890, Stang was appointed as a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav. He was the father of Emil Stang and Fredrik Stang. He died in Christiania.
|
[
"deputy member of the Parliament of Norway",
"Minister of Education and Church Affairs",
"Minister of Auditing",
"Prime Minister of Norway"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy in Aug, 2002?
|
August 05, 2002
|
{
"text": [
"Attilio Fontana"
]
}
|
L2_Q3687395_P488_0
|
Giulio Achille De Capitani is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from Jul, 2008 to May, 2010.
Attilio Fontana is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from Jun, 2000 to Jul, 2006.
Davide Boni is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from May, 2010 to May, 2012.
Ettore Adalberto Albertoni is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from Jul, 2006 to Jul, 2008.
|
Regional Council of LombardyThe Regional Council of Lombardy ("Consiglio Regionale della Lombardia") is the legislative assembly of Lombardy.It was first elected in 1970, when the ordinary regions were instituted, on the basis of the Constitution of Italy of 1948.The political system of the Regions of Italy was changed in 1995, when a semi-presidential system was introduced. If until that year the Council was elected under a pure proportional system and the President of Lombardy was chosen and dismissed by the Council, since 1995 the President and the Council are jointly elected by the people.The Regional Council of Lombardy is composed of 80 members. From 1995 to 2012, 64 councillors were elected in provincial constituencies by proportional representation using the largest remainder method with a Droop quota and open lists, while 16 councillors (elected in bloc) came from a "regional list", including the President-elect. One seat was reserved for the candidate who came second. If a coalition won more than 40 seats with PR, as happened during the 2000 election, only 8 candidates from the regional list would be chosen and the number of those elected in provincial constituencies will be 72. If the winning coalition received less than 50% of votes, as happened during the 1995 election, special seats were added to the Council to ensure a large majority for the President's coalition.A new Lombard electoral law was adopted on 26 October 2012. While the President of Lombardy and the leader of the opposition are still elected at-large, 78 councillors, instead of 64 as it was before, are elected by party lists under a form of semi-proportional representation. The winning coalition receives a jackpot of at least 45 seats, which are divided between all majority parties using the D'Hondt method, as it happens between the losing lists. Each party then distributes its seats to its provincial lists, where candidates are openly selected.The Council is elected for a five-year term, but, if the President suffers a vote of no confidence, resigns or dies, under the "simul stabunt, simul cadent" clause introduced in 1999 (literally "they will stand together or they will fall together"), also the Council is dissolved and a snap election is called.The Council chooses its speaker, called President of the Council ("Presidente del Consiglio").The Council is composed of the following political groups:By coalition:This is a list of the Presidents of the Regional Council (Italian: "Presidenti del Consiglio regionale"):
|
[
"Ettore Adalberto Albertoni",
"Giulio Achille De Capitani",
"Davide Boni"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy in Feb, 2007?
|
February 23, 2007
|
{
"text": [
"Ettore Adalberto Albertoni"
]
}
|
L2_Q3687395_P488_1
|
Giulio Achille De Capitani is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from Jul, 2008 to May, 2010.
Davide Boni is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from May, 2010 to May, 2012.
Ettore Adalberto Albertoni is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from Jul, 2006 to Jul, 2008.
Attilio Fontana is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from Jun, 2000 to Jul, 2006.
|
Regional Council of LombardyThe Regional Council of Lombardy ("Consiglio Regionale della Lombardia") is the legislative assembly of Lombardy.It was first elected in 1970, when the ordinary regions were instituted, on the basis of the Constitution of Italy of 1948.The political system of the Regions of Italy was changed in 1995, when a semi-presidential system was introduced. If until that year the Council was elected under a pure proportional system and the President of Lombardy was chosen and dismissed by the Council, since 1995 the President and the Council are jointly elected by the people.The Regional Council of Lombardy is composed of 80 members. From 1995 to 2012, 64 councillors were elected in provincial constituencies by proportional representation using the largest remainder method with a Droop quota and open lists, while 16 councillors (elected in bloc) came from a "regional list", including the President-elect. One seat was reserved for the candidate who came second. If a coalition won more than 40 seats with PR, as happened during the 2000 election, only 8 candidates from the regional list would be chosen and the number of those elected in provincial constituencies will be 72. If the winning coalition received less than 50% of votes, as happened during the 1995 election, special seats were added to the Council to ensure a large majority for the President's coalition.A new Lombard electoral law was adopted on 26 October 2012. While the President of Lombardy and the leader of the opposition are still elected at-large, 78 councillors, instead of 64 as it was before, are elected by party lists under a form of semi-proportional representation. The winning coalition receives a jackpot of at least 45 seats, which are divided between all majority parties using the D'Hondt method, as it happens between the losing lists. Each party then distributes its seats to its provincial lists, where candidates are openly selected.The Council is elected for a five-year term, but, if the President suffers a vote of no confidence, resigns or dies, under the "simul stabunt, simul cadent" clause introduced in 1999 (literally "they will stand together or they will fall together"), also the Council is dissolved and a snap election is called.The Council chooses its speaker, called President of the Council ("Presidente del Consiglio").The Council is composed of the following political groups:By coalition:This is a list of the Presidents of the Regional Council (Italian: "Presidenti del Consiglio regionale"):
|
[
"Attilio Fontana",
"Giulio Achille De Capitani",
"Davide Boni"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy in Sep, 2009?
|
September 03, 2009
|
{
"text": [
"Giulio Achille De Capitani"
]
}
|
L2_Q3687395_P488_2
|
Davide Boni is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from May, 2010 to May, 2012.
Giulio Achille De Capitani is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from Jul, 2008 to May, 2010.
Attilio Fontana is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from Jun, 2000 to Jul, 2006.
Ettore Adalberto Albertoni is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from Jul, 2006 to Jul, 2008.
|
Regional Council of LombardyThe Regional Council of Lombardy ("Consiglio Regionale della Lombardia") is the legislative assembly of Lombardy.It was first elected in 1970, when the ordinary regions were instituted, on the basis of the Constitution of Italy of 1948.The political system of the Regions of Italy was changed in 1995, when a semi-presidential system was introduced. If until that year the Council was elected under a pure proportional system and the President of Lombardy was chosen and dismissed by the Council, since 1995 the President and the Council are jointly elected by the people.The Regional Council of Lombardy is composed of 80 members. From 1995 to 2012, 64 councillors were elected in provincial constituencies by proportional representation using the largest remainder method with a Droop quota and open lists, while 16 councillors (elected in bloc) came from a "regional list", including the President-elect. One seat was reserved for the candidate who came second. If a coalition won more than 40 seats with PR, as happened during the 2000 election, only 8 candidates from the regional list would be chosen and the number of those elected in provincial constituencies will be 72. If the winning coalition received less than 50% of votes, as happened during the 1995 election, special seats were added to the Council to ensure a large majority for the President's coalition.A new Lombard electoral law was adopted on 26 October 2012. While the President of Lombardy and the leader of the opposition are still elected at-large, 78 councillors, instead of 64 as it was before, are elected by party lists under a form of semi-proportional representation. The winning coalition receives a jackpot of at least 45 seats, which are divided between all majority parties using the D'Hondt method, as it happens between the losing lists. Each party then distributes its seats to its provincial lists, where candidates are openly selected.The Council is elected for a five-year term, but, if the President suffers a vote of no confidence, resigns or dies, under the "simul stabunt, simul cadent" clause introduced in 1999 (literally "they will stand together or they will fall together"), also the Council is dissolved and a snap election is called.The Council chooses its speaker, called President of the Council ("Presidente del Consiglio").The Council is composed of the following political groups:By coalition:This is a list of the Presidents of the Regional Council (Italian: "Presidenti del Consiglio regionale"):
|
[
"Ettore Adalberto Albertoni",
"Davide Boni",
"Attilio Fontana"
] |
|
Who was the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy in Aug, 2011?
|
August 31, 2011
|
{
"text": [
"Davide Boni"
]
}
|
L2_Q3687395_P488_3
|
Davide Boni is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from May, 2010 to May, 2012.
Giulio Achille De Capitani is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from Jul, 2008 to May, 2010.
Ettore Adalberto Albertoni is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from Jul, 2006 to Jul, 2008.
Attilio Fontana is the chair of Regional Council of Lombardy from Jun, 2000 to Jul, 2006.
|
Regional Council of LombardyThe Regional Council of Lombardy ("Consiglio Regionale della Lombardia") is the legislative assembly of Lombardy.It was first elected in 1970, when the ordinary regions were instituted, on the basis of the Constitution of Italy of 1948.The political system of the Regions of Italy was changed in 1995, when a semi-presidential system was introduced. If until that year the Council was elected under a pure proportional system and the President of Lombardy was chosen and dismissed by the Council, since 1995 the President and the Council are jointly elected by the people.The Regional Council of Lombardy is composed of 80 members. From 1995 to 2012, 64 councillors were elected in provincial constituencies by proportional representation using the largest remainder method with a Droop quota and open lists, while 16 councillors (elected in bloc) came from a "regional list", including the President-elect. One seat was reserved for the candidate who came second. If a coalition won more than 40 seats with PR, as happened during the 2000 election, only 8 candidates from the regional list would be chosen and the number of those elected in provincial constituencies will be 72. If the winning coalition received less than 50% of votes, as happened during the 1995 election, special seats were added to the Council to ensure a large majority for the President's coalition.A new Lombard electoral law was adopted on 26 October 2012. While the President of Lombardy and the leader of the opposition are still elected at-large, 78 councillors, instead of 64 as it was before, are elected by party lists under a form of semi-proportional representation. The winning coalition receives a jackpot of at least 45 seats, which are divided between all majority parties using the D'Hondt method, as it happens between the losing lists. Each party then distributes its seats to its provincial lists, where candidates are openly selected.The Council is elected for a five-year term, but, if the President suffers a vote of no confidence, resigns or dies, under the "simul stabunt, simul cadent" clause introduced in 1999 (literally "they will stand together or they will fall together"), also the Council is dissolved and a snap election is called.The Council chooses its speaker, called President of the Council ("Presidente del Consiglio").The Council is composed of the following political groups:By coalition:This is a list of the Presidents of the Regional Council (Italian: "Presidenti del Consiglio regionale"):
|
[
"Ettore Adalberto Albertoni",
"Giulio Achille De Capitani",
"Attilio Fontana"
] |
|
Who was the head of Morsø Municipality in Feb, 2005?
|
February 06, 2005
|
{
"text": [
"Egon Pleidrup Poulsen"
]
}
|
L2_Q502770_P6_0
|
Egon Pleidrup Poulsen is the head of the government of Morsø Municipality from Jan, 1998 to Dec, 2009.
Hans Ejner Bertelsen is the head of the government of Morsø Municipality from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Lauge Larsen is the head of the government of Morsø Municipality from Jan, 2010 to Dec, 2013.
|
Morsø MunicipalityMorsø is a municipality (Danish, "kommune") in Region Nordjylland in northern Denmark. The municipality is located on the island of Morsø or Mors, an island in the Limfjord, the sound that separates the island of Vendsyssel-Thy from the rest of Jutland Peninsula. The municipality includes the smaller island of Agerø, and covers an area of 368 km². It has a total population of 22,091 (2008). Its mayor is Egon Pleidrup Poulsen, a member of the Social Democrats ("Socialdemokraterne") political party.The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Nykøbing Mors.Because Morsø municipality comprises the entirety of the island, all municipal neighbors are separated by a body of water.The long Vilsund Bridge ("Vilsundbro") connects the municipality at the town of Sundby over the Vil Strait to the town of Vilsund Vest in Thisted municipality.The long Sallingsund Bridge, which opened on 30 May 1978, connects the municipality at the town of Nykøbing Mors over the Salling Strait to the town of Sallingsund. Before the bridge was built there was a train ferry connection over the strait from the town of Nykøbing to Glyngøre, and a car ferry connection between Pinen at Mors and Plagen at Salling (i.e. "Pinen og Plagen" meaning "the Torment and the Plague").Morsø municipality was not merged with other municipalities by 1 January 2007 as the result of nationwide "Kommunalreformen" ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007). Morsø's municipal council consists of 21 members, elected every four years.Below are the municipal councils elected since the Municipal Reform of 2007.
|
[
"Lauge Larsen",
"Hans Ejner Bertelsen"
] |
|
Who was the head of Morsø Municipality in Mar, 2012?
|
March 27, 2012
|
{
"text": [
"Lauge Larsen"
]
}
|
L2_Q502770_P6_1
|
Egon Pleidrup Poulsen is the head of the government of Morsø Municipality from Jan, 1998 to Dec, 2009.
Lauge Larsen is the head of the government of Morsø Municipality from Jan, 2010 to Dec, 2013.
Hans Ejner Bertelsen is the head of the government of Morsø Municipality from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
|
Morsø MunicipalityMorsø is a municipality (Danish, "kommune") in Region Nordjylland in northern Denmark. The municipality is located on the island of Morsø or Mors, an island in the Limfjord, the sound that separates the island of Vendsyssel-Thy from the rest of Jutland Peninsula. The municipality includes the smaller island of Agerø, and covers an area of 368 km². It has a total population of 22,091 (2008). Its mayor is Egon Pleidrup Poulsen, a member of the Social Democrats ("Socialdemokraterne") political party.The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Nykøbing Mors.Because Morsø municipality comprises the entirety of the island, all municipal neighbors are separated by a body of water.The long Vilsund Bridge ("Vilsundbro") connects the municipality at the town of Sundby over the Vil Strait to the town of Vilsund Vest in Thisted municipality.The long Sallingsund Bridge, which opened on 30 May 1978, connects the municipality at the town of Nykøbing Mors over the Salling Strait to the town of Sallingsund. Before the bridge was built there was a train ferry connection over the strait from the town of Nykøbing to Glyngøre, and a car ferry connection between Pinen at Mors and Plagen at Salling (i.e. "Pinen og Plagen" meaning "the Torment and the Plague").Morsø municipality was not merged with other municipalities by 1 January 2007 as the result of nationwide "Kommunalreformen" ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007). Morsø's municipal council consists of 21 members, elected every four years.Below are the municipal councils elected since the Municipal Reform of 2007.
|
[
"Egon Pleidrup Poulsen",
"Hans Ejner Bertelsen"
] |
|
Who was the head of Morsø Municipality in Dec, 2014?
|
December 01, 2014
|
{
"text": [
"Hans Ejner Bertelsen"
]
}
|
L2_Q502770_P6_2
|
Lauge Larsen is the head of the government of Morsø Municipality from Jan, 2010 to Dec, 2013.
Egon Pleidrup Poulsen is the head of the government of Morsø Municipality from Jan, 1998 to Dec, 2009.
Hans Ejner Bertelsen is the head of the government of Morsø Municipality from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
|
Morsø MunicipalityMorsø is a municipality (Danish, "kommune") in Region Nordjylland in northern Denmark. The municipality is located on the island of Morsø or Mors, an island in the Limfjord, the sound that separates the island of Vendsyssel-Thy from the rest of Jutland Peninsula. The municipality includes the smaller island of Agerø, and covers an area of 368 km². It has a total population of 22,091 (2008). Its mayor is Egon Pleidrup Poulsen, a member of the Social Democrats ("Socialdemokraterne") political party.The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Nykøbing Mors.Because Morsø municipality comprises the entirety of the island, all municipal neighbors are separated by a body of water.The long Vilsund Bridge ("Vilsundbro") connects the municipality at the town of Sundby over the Vil Strait to the town of Vilsund Vest in Thisted municipality.The long Sallingsund Bridge, which opened on 30 May 1978, connects the municipality at the town of Nykøbing Mors over the Salling Strait to the town of Sallingsund. Before the bridge was built there was a train ferry connection over the strait from the town of Nykøbing to Glyngøre, and a car ferry connection between Pinen at Mors and Plagen at Salling (i.e. "Pinen og Plagen" meaning "the Torment and the Plague").Morsø municipality was not merged with other municipalities by 1 January 2007 as the result of nationwide "Kommunalreformen" ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007). Morsø's municipal council consists of 21 members, elected every four years.Below are the municipal councils elected since the Municipal Reform of 2007.
|
[
"Lauge Larsen",
"Egon Pleidrup Poulsen"
] |
|
Who was the head of Rebreuve-Ranchicourt in Jun, 1972?
|
June 29, 1972
|
{
"text": [
"Simone Damiens, comtesse de Ranchicourt"
]
}
|
L2_Q390349_P6_0
|
Philippe Miloszyk is the head of the government of Rebreuve-Ranchicourt from Mar, 2008 to Apr, 2018.
Simone Damiens, comtesse de Ranchicourt is the head of the government of Rebreuve-Ranchicourt from Jan, 1971 to Mar, 1983.
Danielle Mannessiez is the head of the government of Rebreuve-Ranchicourt from Apr, 2018 to Dec, 2022.
|
Rebreuve-RanchicourtRebreuve-Ranchicourt is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.Rebreuve-Ranchicourt is situated about southwest of Béthune and southwest of Lille, at the junction of the D341 (an old Roman road, the Chaussee Brunehaut) and the D57 road. The commune was created in 1971 by the joining of the two villages.
|
[
"Philippe Miloszyk",
"Danielle Mannessiez"
] |
|
Who was the head of Rebreuve-Ranchicourt in Apr, 2014?
|
April 06, 2014
|
{
"text": [
"Philippe Miloszyk"
]
}
|
L2_Q390349_P6_1
|
Simone Damiens, comtesse de Ranchicourt is the head of the government of Rebreuve-Ranchicourt from Jan, 1971 to Mar, 1983.
Danielle Mannessiez is the head of the government of Rebreuve-Ranchicourt from Apr, 2018 to Dec, 2022.
Philippe Miloszyk is the head of the government of Rebreuve-Ranchicourt from Mar, 2008 to Apr, 2018.
|
Rebreuve-RanchicourtRebreuve-Ranchicourt is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.Rebreuve-Ranchicourt is situated about southwest of Béthune and southwest of Lille, at the junction of the D341 (an old Roman road, the Chaussee Brunehaut) and the D57 road. The commune was created in 1971 by the joining of the two villages.
|
[
"Danielle Mannessiez",
"Simone Damiens, comtesse de Ranchicourt"
] |
|
Who was the head of Rebreuve-Ranchicourt in May, 2020?
|
May 05, 2020
|
{
"text": [
"Danielle Mannessiez"
]
}
|
L2_Q390349_P6_2
|
Danielle Mannessiez is the head of the government of Rebreuve-Ranchicourt from Apr, 2018 to Dec, 2022.
Philippe Miloszyk is the head of the government of Rebreuve-Ranchicourt from Mar, 2008 to Apr, 2018.
Simone Damiens, comtesse de Ranchicourt is the head of the government of Rebreuve-Ranchicourt from Jan, 1971 to Mar, 1983.
|
Rebreuve-RanchicourtRebreuve-Ranchicourt is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.Rebreuve-Ranchicourt is situated about southwest of Béthune and southwest of Lille, at the junction of the D341 (an old Roman road, the Chaussee Brunehaut) and the D57 road. The commune was created in 1971 by the joining of the two villages.
|
[
"Philippe Miloszyk",
"Simone Damiens, comtesse de Ranchicourt"
] |
|
Which position did Hermogenes Ebdane hold in Feb, 2003?
|
February 13, 2003
|
{
"text": [
"Chief of the Philippine National Police"
]
}
|
L2_Q983319_P39_0
|
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Chief of the Philippine National Police from Jul, 2002 to Aug, 2004.
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Governor of Zambales from Jun, 2010 to Jun, 2016.
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Secretary of National Defense from Feb, 2007 to Jul, 2007.
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Secretary of Public Works and Highways from Jul, 2007 to Oct, 2009.
|
Hermogenes EbdaneHermogenes "Jun" Edejer Ebdane, Jr. (born 30 December 1948) is a Filipino politician and retired police officer with the rank of Director General. He was the Governor of Zambales since 2019, previously held this position from 2010 until 2016. He was also the Secretary of the Department of Public Works and Highways from 2005 to February 2007 and again from July 2007 to 2009.He was a member of the Philippine Military Academy class of 1970, and has a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE) from the Mapúa Institute of Technology.Ebdane was the 10th Chief of the Philippine National Police serving from July 2002 to 23 August 2004.After the escape from jail of Islamic militant Fathur Rohman al-Ghozi on 14 July 2003, Ebdane stated he would be satisfied with any recovery, including "even if he is dead and torn to pieces". He went to view the body after Al-Ghozi was shot dead by police on 13 October 2003, saying the militant was killed in a brief gunfight after opening fire at a military checkpoint. One of the demands of the Oakwood mutiny on 27 July 2003 was the resignation of Ebdane as national police chief, but the mutiny was unsuccessful and short-lived. He was chief of the PNP during the Hello Garci scandal, and admitted providing a vehicle to Virgilio Garcillano, but only when Garcillano was still with the Commission on Elections. He said violence for the May 2004 election was lower than previous years.After serving as the chief of the PNP, Ebdane was named National Security Adviser, a post he held from August 2004 to February 2005. In February 2005, he was appointed to a cabinet position as Secretary of Public Works and Highways, which he returned to in July 2007, after serving as Secretary of National Defense from February 2007.He is married to Alma Cabanayan.
|
[
"Secretary of National Defense",
"Governor of Zambales",
"Secretary of Public Works and Highways"
] |
|
Which position did Hermogenes Ebdane hold in May, 2007?
|
May 28, 2007
|
{
"text": [
"Secretary of National Defense"
]
}
|
L2_Q983319_P39_1
|
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Governor of Zambales from Jun, 2010 to Jun, 2016.
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Secretary of Public Works and Highways from Jul, 2007 to Oct, 2009.
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Chief of the Philippine National Police from Jul, 2002 to Aug, 2004.
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Secretary of National Defense from Feb, 2007 to Jul, 2007.
|
Hermogenes EbdaneHermogenes "Jun" Edejer Ebdane, Jr. (born 30 December 1948) is a Filipino politician and retired police officer with the rank of Director General. He was the Governor of Zambales since 2019, previously held this position from 2010 until 2016. He was also the Secretary of the Department of Public Works and Highways from 2005 to February 2007 and again from July 2007 to 2009.He was a member of the Philippine Military Academy class of 1970, and has a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE) from the Mapúa Institute of Technology.Ebdane was the 10th Chief of the Philippine National Police serving from July 2002 to 23 August 2004.After the escape from jail of Islamic militant Fathur Rohman al-Ghozi on 14 July 2003, Ebdane stated he would be satisfied with any recovery, including "even if he is dead and torn to pieces". He went to view the body after Al-Ghozi was shot dead by police on 13 October 2003, saying the militant was killed in a brief gunfight after opening fire at a military checkpoint. One of the demands of the Oakwood mutiny on 27 July 2003 was the resignation of Ebdane as national police chief, but the mutiny was unsuccessful and short-lived. He was chief of the PNP during the Hello Garci scandal, and admitted providing a vehicle to Virgilio Garcillano, but only when Garcillano was still with the Commission on Elections. He said violence for the May 2004 election was lower than previous years.After serving as the chief of the PNP, Ebdane was named National Security Adviser, a post he held from August 2004 to February 2005. In February 2005, he was appointed to a cabinet position as Secretary of Public Works and Highways, which he returned to in July 2007, after serving as Secretary of National Defense from February 2007.He is married to Alma Cabanayan.
|
[
"Governor of Zambales",
"Secretary of Public Works and Highways",
"Chief of the Philippine National Police"
] |
|
Which position did Hermogenes Ebdane hold in Feb, 2009?
|
February 25, 2009
|
{
"text": [
"Secretary of Public Works and Highways"
]
}
|
L2_Q983319_P39_2
|
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Chief of the Philippine National Police from Jul, 2002 to Aug, 2004.
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Secretary of National Defense from Feb, 2007 to Jul, 2007.
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Governor of Zambales from Jun, 2010 to Jun, 2016.
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Secretary of Public Works and Highways from Jul, 2007 to Oct, 2009.
|
Hermogenes EbdaneHermogenes "Jun" Edejer Ebdane, Jr. (born 30 December 1948) is a Filipino politician and retired police officer with the rank of Director General. He was the Governor of Zambales since 2019, previously held this position from 2010 until 2016. He was also the Secretary of the Department of Public Works and Highways from 2005 to February 2007 and again from July 2007 to 2009.He was a member of the Philippine Military Academy class of 1970, and has a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE) from the Mapúa Institute of Technology.Ebdane was the 10th Chief of the Philippine National Police serving from July 2002 to 23 August 2004.After the escape from jail of Islamic militant Fathur Rohman al-Ghozi on 14 July 2003, Ebdane stated he would be satisfied with any recovery, including "even if he is dead and torn to pieces". He went to view the body after Al-Ghozi was shot dead by police on 13 October 2003, saying the militant was killed in a brief gunfight after opening fire at a military checkpoint. One of the demands of the Oakwood mutiny on 27 July 2003 was the resignation of Ebdane as national police chief, but the mutiny was unsuccessful and short-lived. He was chief of the PNP during the Hello Garci scandal, and admitted providing a vehicle to Virgilio Garcillano, but only when Garcillano was still with the Commission on Elections. He said violence for the May 2004 election was lower than previous years.After serving as the chief of the PNP, Ebdane was named National Security Adviser, a post he held from August 2004 to February 2005. In February 2005, he was appointed to a cabinet position as Secretary of Public Works and Highways, which he returned to in July 2007, after serving as Secretary of National Defense from February 2007.He is married to Alma Cabanayan.
|
[
"Governor of Zambales",
"Secretary of National Defense",
"Chief of the Philippine National Police"
] |
|
Which position did Hermogenes Ebdane hold in Mar, 2012?
|
March 19, 2012
|
{
"text": [
"Governor of Zambales"
]
}
|
L2_Q983319_P39_3
|
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Secretary of National Defense from Feb, 2007 to Jul, 2007.
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Governor of Zambales from Jun, 2010 to Jun, 2016.
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Chief of the Philippine National Police from Jul, 2002 to Aug, 2004.
Hermogenes Ebdane holds the position of Secretary of Public Works and Highways from Jul, 2007 to Oct, 2009.
|
Hermogenes EbdaneHermogenes "Jun" Edejer Ebdane, Jr. (born 30 December 1948) is a Filipino politician and retired police officer with the rank of Director General. He was the Governor of Zambales since 2019, previously held this position from 2010 until 2016. He was also the Secretary of the Department of Public Works and Highways from 2005 to February 2007 and again from July 2007 to 2009.He was a member of the Philippine Military Academy class of 1970, and has a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE) from the Mapúa Institute of Technology.Ebdane was the 10th Chief of the Philippine National Police serving from July 2002 to 23 August 2004.After the escape from jail of Islamic militant Fathur Rohman al-Ghozi on 14 July 2003, Ebdane stated he would be satisfied with any recovery, including "even if he is dead and torn to pieces". He went to view the body after Al-Ghozi was shot dead by police on 13 October 2003, saying the militant was killed in a brief gunfight after opening fire at a military checkpoint. One of the demands of the Oakwood mutiny on 27 July 2003 was the resignation of Ebdane as national police chief, but the mutiny was unsuccessful and short-lived. He was chief of the PNP during the Hello Garci scandal, and admitted providing a vehicle to Virgilio Garcillano, but only when Garcillano was still with the Commission on Elections. He said violence for the May 2004 election was lower than previous years.After serving as the chief of the PNP, Ebdane was named National Security Adviser, a post he held from August 2004 to February 2005. In February 2005, he was appointed to a cabinet position as Secretary of Public Works and Highways, which he returned to in July 2007, after serving as Secretary of National Defense from February 2007.He is married to Alma Cabanayan.
|
[
"Secretary of National Defense",
"Secretary of Public Works and Highways",
"Chief of the Philippine National Police"
] |
|
Which team did Elixabete Sarasola play for in Dec, 2008?
|
December 03, 2008
|
{
"text": [
"Spain women's national under-19 football team"
]
}
|
L2_Q5362024_P54_0
|
Elixabete Sarasola plays for College of Charleston Cougars from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2015.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for AFC Ajax Vrouwen from Jan, 2015 to Jun, 2018.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for FC Barcelona Femení from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2012.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for Spain women's national under-19 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for PSV Vrouwen from Jul, 2015 to Jun, 2020.
|
Elixabete SarasolaElixabete "Eli" Sarasola Nieto (born 12 April 1991) is a Spanish former footballer who last played as a goalkeeper for PSV of the Eredivisie Vrouwen.Trained at university level in the United States, Sarasola played college soccer for three seasons for Charleston Cougars and later featured for USL W-League team Colorado Rush Women in 2013. Before moving to America she represented FC Barcelona in Spain's Primera División.
|
[
"PSV Vrouwen",
"College of Charleston Cougars",
"AFC Ajax Vrouwen",
"FC Barcelona Femení"
] |
|
Which team did Elixabete Sarasola play for in Jun, 2009?
|
June 28, 2009
|
{
"text": [
"FC Barcelona Femení"
]
}
|
L2_Q5362024_P54_1
|
Elixabete Sarasola plays for FC Barcelona Femení from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2012.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for AFC Ajax Vrouwen from Jan, 2015 to Jun, 2018.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for Spain women's national under-19 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for PSV Vrouwen from Jul, 2015 to Jun, 2020.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for College of Charleston Cougars from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2015.
|
Elixabete SarasolaElixabete "Eli" Sarasola Nieto (born 12 April 1991) is a Spanish former footballer who last played as a goalkeeper for PSV of the Eredivisie Vrouwen.Trained at university level in the United States, Sarasola played college soccer for three seasons for Charleston Cougars and later featured for USL W-League team Colorado Rush Women in 2013. Before moving to America she represented FC Barcelona in Spain's Primera División.
|
[
"Spain women's national under-19 football team",
"College of Charleston Cougars",
"AFC Ajax Vrouwen",
"PSV Vrouwen"
] |
|
Which team did Elixabete Sarasola play for in May, 2013?
|
May 09, 2013
|
{
"text": [
"College of Charleston Cougars"
]
}
|
L2_Q5362024_P54_2
|
Elixabete Sarasola plays for AFC Ajax Vrouwen from Jan, 2015 to Jun, 2018.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for Spain women's national under-19 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for College of Charleston Cougars from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2015.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for PSV Vrouwen from Jul, 2015 to Jun, 2020.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for FC Barcelona Femení from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2012.
|
Elixabete SarasolaElixabete "Eli" Sarasola Nieto (born 12 April 1991) is a Spanish former footballer who last played as a goalkeeper for PSV of the Eredivisie Vrouwen.Trained at university level in the United States, Sarasola played college soccer for three seasons for Charleston Cougars and later featured for USL W-League team Colorado Rush Women in 2013. Before moving to America she represented FC Barcelona in Spain's Primera División.
|
[
"FC Barcelona Femení",
"Spain women's national under-19 football team",
"AFC Ajax Vrouwen",
"PSV Vrouwen"
] |
|
Which team did Elixabete Sarasola play for in Mar, 2016?
|
March 22, 2016
|
{
"text": [
"PSV Vrouwen",
"AFC Ajax Vrouwen"
]
}
|
L2_Q5362024_P54_3
|
Elixabete Sarasola plays for Spain women's national under-19 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for AFC Ajax Vrouwen from Jan, 2015 to Jun, 2018.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for FC Barcelona Femení from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2012.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for PSV Vrouwen from Jul, 2015 to Jun, 2020.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for College of Charleston Cougars from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2015.
|
Elixabete SarasolaElixabete "Eli" Sarasola Nieto (born 12 April 1991) is a Spanish former footballer who last played as a goalkeeper for PSV of the Eredivisie Vrouwen.Trained at university level in the United States, Sarasola played college soccer for three seasons for Charleston Cougars and later featured for USL W-League team Colorado Rush Women in 2013. Before moving to America she represented FC Barcelona in Spain's Primera División.
|
[
"Spain women's national under-19 football team",
"College of Charleston Cougars",
"FC Barcelona Femení"
] |
|
Which team did Elixabete Sarasola play for in May, 2019?
|
May 28, 2019
|
{
"text": [
"PSV Vrouwen"
]
}
|
L2_Q5362024_P54_4
|
Elixabete Sarasola plays for FC Barcelona Femení from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2012.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for AFC Ajax Vrouwen from Jan, 2015 to Jun, 2018.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for College of Charleston Cougars from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2015.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for PSV Vrouwen from Jul, 2015 to Jun, 2020.
Elixabete Sarasola plays for Spain women's national under-19 football team from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2009.
|
Elixabete SarasolaElixabete "Eli" Sarasola Nieto (born 12 April 1991) is a Spanish former footballer who last played as a goalkeeper for PSV of the Eredivisie Vrouwen.Trained at university level in the United States, Sarasola played college soccer for three seasons for Charleston Cougars and later featured for USL W-League team Colorado Rush Women in 2013. Before moving to America she represented FC Barcelona in Spain's Primera División.
|
[
"Spain women's national under-19 football team",
"College of Charleston Cougars",
"AFC Ajax Vrouwen",
"FC Barcelona Femení"
] |
|
Which employer did Stanford Lyman work for in Oct, 1962?
|
October 24, 1962
|
{
"text": [
"University of British Columbia"
]
}
|
L2_Q77772503_P108_0
|
Stanford Lyman works for University of Nevada, Reno from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Stanford Lyman works for Sonoma State University from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1968.
Stanford Lyman works for University of British Columbia from Jan, 1960 to Jan, 1963.
Stanford Lyman works for The New School from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1985.
Stanford Lyman works for University of California, San Diego from Jan, 1970 to Jan, 1972.
Stanford Lyman works for Florida Atlantic University from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1985.
|
Stanford LymanStanford Morris Lyman (June 10, 1933 – March 9, 2003) was an American sociologist. He is recognized for his work on interactionism and the sociology of race relations in the United States. He served as president of the Mid-South Sociological Association, and he co-founded the American Sociological Association's Section on Asian/Asian American sociology. He was also a founder of the "International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society". He died of liver cancer on March 9, 2003.
|
[
"University of California, San Diego",
"Sonoma State University",
"University of Nevada, Reno",
"Florida Atlantic University",
"The New School"
] |
|
Which employer did Stanford Lyman work for in Jul, 1966?
|
July 31, 1966
|
{
"text": [
"Sonoma State University"
]
}
|
L2_Q77772503_P108_1
|
Stanford Lyman works for The New School from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1985.
Stanford Lyman works for University of British Columbia from Jan, 1960 to Jan, 1963.
Stanford Lyman works for Florida Atlantic University from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1985.
Stanford Lyman works for University of California, San Diego from Jan, 1970 to Jan, 1972.
Stanford Lyman works for University of Nevada, Reno from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Stanford Lyman works for Sonoma State University from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1968.
|
Stanford LymanStanford Morris Lyman (June 10, 1933 – March 9, 2003) was an American sociologist. He is recognized for his work on interactionism and the sociology of race relations in the United States. He served as president of the Mid-South Sociological Association, and he co-founded the American Sociological Association's Section on Asian/Asian American sociology. He was also a founder of the "International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society". He died of liver cancer on March 9, 2003.
|
[
"University of British Columbia",
"University of California, San Diego",
"University of Nevada, Reno",
"Florida Atlantic University",
"The New School"
] |
|
Which employer did Stanford Lyman work for in Jun, 1969?
|
June 28, 1969
|
{
"text": [
"University of Nevada, Reno"
]
}
|
L2_Q77772503_P108_2
|
Stanford Lyman works for University of California, San Diego from Jan, 1970 to Jan, 1972.
Stanford Lyman works for The New School from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1985.
Stanford Lyman works for Florida Atlantic University from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1985.
Stanford Lyman works for University of British Columbia from Jan, 1960 to Jan, 1963.
Stanford Lyman works for Sonoma State University from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1968.
Stanford Lyman works for University of Nevada, Reno from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
|
Stanford LymanStanford Morris Lyman (June 10, 1933 – March 9, 2003) was an American sociologist. He is recognized for his work on interactionism and the sociology of race relations in the United States. He served as president of the Mid-South Sociological Association, and he co-founded the American Sociological Association's Section on Asian/Asian American sociology. He was also a founder of the "International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society". He died of liver cancer on March 9, 2003.
|
[
"University of British Columbia",
"Sonoma State University",
"University of California, San Diego",
"Florida Atlantic University",
"The New School"
] |
|
Which employer did Stanford Lyman work for in Jan, 1971?
|
January 08, 1971
|
{
"text": [
"University of California, San Diego"
]
}
|
L2_Q77772503_P108_3
|
Stanford Lyman works for University of Nevada, Reno from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Stanford Lyman works for Sonoma State University from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1968.
Stanford Lyman works for University of British Columbia from Jan, 1960 to Jan, 1963.
Stanford Lyman works for University of California, San Diego from Jan, 1970 to Jan, 1972.
Stanford Lyman works for Florida Atlantic University from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1985.
Stanford Lyman works for The New School from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1985.
|
Stanford LymanStanford Morris Lyman (June 10, 1933 – March 9, 2003) was an American sociologist. He is recognized for his work on interactionism and the sociology of race relations in the United States. He served as president of the Mid-South Sociological Association, and he co-founded the American Sociological Association's Section on Asian/Asian American sociology. He was also a founder of the "International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society". He died of liver cancer on March 9, 2003.
|
[
"University of British Columbia",
"Sonoma State University",
"University of Nevada, Reno",
"Florida Atlantic University",
"The New School"
] |
|
Which employer did Stanford Lyman work for in Nov, 1972?
|
November 07, 1972
|
{
"text": [
"The New School"
]
}
|
L2_Q77772503_P108_4
|
Stanford Lyman works for The New School from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1985.
Stanford Lyman works for University of British Columbia from Jan, 1960 to Jan, 1963.
Stanford Lyman works for Sonoma State University from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1968.
Stanford Lyman works for Florida Atlantic University from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1985.
Stanford Lyman works for University of Nevada, Reno from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Stanford Lyman works for University of California, San Diego from Jan, 1970 to Jan, 1972.
|
Stanford LymanStanford Morris Lyman (June 10, 1933 – March 9, 2003) was an American sociologist. He is recognized for his work on interactionism and the sociology of race relations in the United States. He served as president of the Mid-South Sociological Association, and he co-founded the American Sociological Association's Section on Asian/Asian American sociology. He was also a founder of the "International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society". He died of liver cancer on March 9, 2003.
|
[
"University of British Columbia",
"Sonoma State University",
"University of California, San Diego",
"University of Nevada, Reno",
"Florida Atlantic University"
] |
|
Which employer did Stanford Lyman work for in Jan, 1985?
|
January 01, 1985
|
{
"text": [
"Florida Atlantic University",
"The New School"
]
}
|
L2_Q77772503_P108_5
|
Stanford Lyman works for University of California, San Diego from Jan, 1970 to Jan, 1972.
Stanford Lyman works for University of British Columbia from Jan, 1960 to Jan, 1963.
Stanford Lyman works for The New School from Jan, 1972 to Jan, 1985.
Stanford Lyman works for University of Nevada, Reno from Jan, 1968 to Jan, 1970.
Stanford Lyman works for Sonoma State University from Jan, 1964 to Jan, 1968.
Stanford Lyman works for Florida Atlantic University from Jan, 1985 to Jan, 1985.
|
Stanford LymanStanford Morris Lyman (June 10, 1933 – March 9, 2003) was an American sociologist. He is recognized for his work on interactionism and the sociology of race relations in the United States. He served as president of the Mid-South Sociological Association, and he co-founded the American Sociological Association's Section on Asian/Asian American sociology. He was also a founder of the "International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society". He died of liver cancer on March 9, 2003.
|
[
"University of British Columbia",
"Sonoma State University",
"University of Nevada, Reno",
"University of California, San Diego",
"University of British Columbia",
"Sonoma State University",
"University of Nevada, Reno",
"University of California, San Diego"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team Philadelphia Union in Nov, 2011?
|
November 05, 2011
|
{
"text": [
"Piotr Nowak"
]
}
|
L2_Q689874_P286_0
|
Jim Curtin is the head coach of Philadelphia Union from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Piotr Nowak is the head coach of Philadelphia Union from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2012.
John Hackworth is the head coach of Philadelphia Union from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014.
|
Philadelphia UnionThe Philadelphia Union are an American professional soccer club based in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The Union compete in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Eastern Conference. Founded on February 28, 2008, the club began playing in 2010 as an expansion team. The club's home stadium is Subaru Park, a soccer-specific stadium located in Pennsylvania on the banks of the Delaware River.The Union is currently owned by Keystone Sports & Entertainment, with Jay Sugarman serving as majority owner and chairman of the club. Professional basketball player Kevin Durant also serves as a minority owner. The club's current head coach is Jim Curtin. Curtin has been coaching the Union since 2014. The Union finished as runners-up in the 2014, 2015 and 2018 U.S. Open Cup tournaments. The club lost to Seattle Sounders FC 3–1 in extra time in 2014, and to Sporting Kansas City 6–7 on penalties after a 1–1 draw in the 2015 edition. They lost 3–0 to the Houston Dynamo in the final of the 2018 edition. In 2020, Philadelphia secured the Supporters' Shield, winning the first title in the club's history.Despite being one of the ten largest metropolitan areas in the country and a top-five media market, the Philadelphia area was not represented when Major League Soccer kicked off in 1996. The first effort to bring soccer to the Delaware Valley commenced in 2001, when a group of investors attempted to bring an MLS franchise to Trenton, New Jersey. The centerpiece of their efforts was a $31 million soccer-specific stadium to be built across the street from the CURE Insurance Arena and with access to the under-construction NJ Transit River Line. "Union FC" was the intended name for the Trenton MLS team if it came to fruition. However, the MetroStars (now the New York Red Bulls) held the right to block a franchise in Trenton, as it would infringe on their 75-mile competition-free zone.Five years later, plans were in place to construct a 20,000-capacity stadium on the campus of Rowan University in Glassboro, New Jersey. The stadium would serve as the home field for both an MLS expansion club and Rowan's football team. Ultimately, $100 million in state bonds to fund the stadium and various other improvements on the Rowan campus were dropped by New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine. Shortly after the Rowan proposal fell through, Keystone Sports & Entertainment (the group that would eventually own the Union) looked at a site underneath the Commodore Barry Bridge in Chester to develop a soccer-specific stadium.In 2007, the Sons of Ben supporter group formed to raise interest toward a Major League Soccer team in Philadelphia. They are credited with demonstrating to MLS an established fan base in the market.Major League Soccer added Philadelphia as its sixteenth team on February 28, 2008. The finalization of the club was the result of a $47 million package approved by Delaware County politicians and Pennsylvania governor, Ed Rendell, that included the cost of Subaru Park and a major urban renewal project.In December 2009, the Union added the Reading Rage youth soccer organization as their official minor league affiliate in the USL Premier Development League. As a result, the Rage were rebranded as "Reading United AC" with a new logo and colors for the 2010 PDL season. In the 2010 MLS SuperDraft, the Union selected forward Danny Mwanga from Oregon State University as the number one pick, as well as sixth and seventh picks Amobi Okugo from UCLA and Jack McInerney from the U.S. U-17 National Team in the first round. In March 2010, the Union signed an affiliation agreement with the Harrisburg City Islanders of the United Soccer League. And in January 2012, the Union formed their first international partnership with Deportivo Saprissa of the Costa Rican Primera División.The Union played their inaugural game on March 25, 2010, in which they lost 2–0 to Seattle Sounders FC at Qwest Field. Sébastien Le Toux became the first player to score a goal for Philadelphia in their home opener on April 10, 2010, a 3–2 win over D.C. United at Lincoln Financial Field. The team again played Seattle Sounders FC for the first match at Subaru Park on June 27, 2010. Le Toux scored the Union's initial goal at the venue from a penalty kick, which was instrumental to their 3–1 victory. All 12,000 season ticket packages for 2010 were sold prior to this opener. At the end of the inaugural season the Union finished 7th in the Eastern Conference and 14th overall in the league with a record of 8–15–7 (W-L-T).The Union picked up three players in the 2011 MLS SuperDraft, most notably Zac MacMath, who was the fifth overall draft pick. On January 11, 2011, the Union acquired shirt sponsor Bimbo Bakeries USA. On January 20, Philadelphia introduced two new players: Colombians Faryd Mondragón (GK) and Carlos Valdés (D). Mondragón had recently come from playing with 1. FC Köln in the German Bundesliga, and has at least 50 caps with the Colombian national team. Valdés came from Independiente Santa Fe in the Colombian First Division, where he served as captain before coming to Philadelphia. The Union also signed during the summer transfer window US International Freddy Adu.The team made a complete turnaround in the 2011 season, finishing 3rd in the Eastern Conference and 8th overall in the league with a record of 11–8–15 (W-L-T) scoring 44 goals and allowing 36. This marked the 1st time the Philadelphia Union qualified for the MLS Cup Playoffs. The Union had a stellar start of the season that saw them win 4 and only lost 1 of their first six league games. In the 2011 MLS Cup Playoffs the Union lost the first leg of the MLS Eastern Conference semi-finals 2–1 at home on October 30, 2011, with the 1st playoff Union goal coming from Sebastien Le Toux. The Union then lost the 2nd leg 1–0 on November 3, 2011, against the future MLS Cup finalist Houston Dynamo.John Hackworth became the Unions' interim coach on June 13, 2012, receiving the role permanently on August 30, 2012. The Union finished their third season in eighth place in the Eastern Conference and fifteenth in MLS overall, with a record of 10–18–6 (W-L-T), scoring 37 goals and allowing 45. Antoine Hoppenot, who was selected in the third round of the 2012 Supplemental Draft, netted four goals within 817 minutes of play. Subaru Park, then known as PPL Park, was the site of the 2012 MLS All-Star Game in which the MLS All-Stars defeated Chelsea F.C., 3–2. The Union also made it to the semifinals of the 2012 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup after defeating the Rochester Rhinos 3–0 in the third round and winning against D.C. United on the road 2–1, after extra time, in the fourth round. They subsequently defeated the Harrisburg City Islanders, their main affiliate at the time, 5–2 in the quarterfinals.The Union traded allocation money in order to take the first overall pick, which was used on goalkeeper and Jamaican international Andre Blake. They then traded down multiple times in order to select Coastal Carolina University midfielder Pedro Ribeiro. Other new, preseason acquisitions included Maurice Edu, French midfielder Vincent Nogueira, Argentinian midfielder Cristian Maidana, and former MLS Rookie of the Year defender Austin Berry. Despite these additions, the Union still languished in mediocrity, winning just two of their first 14 games, posting a record of 2–7–5 (W-L-T). On April 20, 2014, the Union traded forward Jack McInerney to the Montreal Impact for winger Andrew Wenger, a Lancaster, Pennsylvania native. Hackworth's coaching career with the Union ended on June 10, 2014.Although failing to make the playoffs, the Union reached the 2014 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup finals for the first time in the club's history. During the offseason, the club traded for forward C. J. Sapong from Sporting Kansas City. They also traded long time defensive midfielder Amobi Okugo to Orlando City SC. Other new preseason acquisitions included FC Nantes loanee Fernando Aristeguieta, S.L. Benfica loanee Steven Vitória, and free agent Cameroonian 18-year-old midfielder Eric Ayuk. During the 2015 MLS SuperDraft the Union drafted forward Dzenan Catic from Bosnia-Herzegovina, midfielder Eric Bird, and defender Raymond Lee. During the expansion draft, Orlando City SC drafted Philadelphia midfielder Pedro Ribeiro. Despite all the offseason transactions, the Union only registered one win in their first ten league games with a record of 1–6–3 (W-L-T).During the 2015 summer transfer window, the Union traded longtime defender Sheanon Williams to the Houston Dynamo for allocation money, which they used to sign Swiss midfielder Tranquillo Barnetta on July 29, 2015. The club achieved a successful run in the 2015 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup, earning a second consecutive appearance in the Open Cup final. This match took place against Sporting Kansas City, at Subaru Park on September 30, 2015.In 2016, the Union would acquire Chris Pontius from D.C. United, Surinames midfielder Roland Alberg, and Brazilian right midfielder Ilsinho. They would also acquire U.S. international Alejandro Bedoya in the summer transfer window. The Union would also add key players from the 2016 MLS SuperDraft including Josh Yaro, Keegan Rosenberry, and Fabian Herbers. The 2016 season saw success from Goalkeeper Andre Blake who later would win the 2016 MLS Goalkeeper of the Year Award. The Union were in constant playoff contention, however went 0–5–2(W-L-T) in the final 7 matches of the regular season. The Union would still reach the playoffs for only the 2nd time in team history, beating out New England Revolution on goal differential. The Union were beaten 3–1 in the Knockout round of the 2016 MLS Cup Playoffs by Toronto FC.On May 11, 2009, the Philadelphia Union's name, crest, and colors were officially announced during a ceremony held at Philadelphia City Hall. "Union" alludes to the union of the Thirteen Colonies, of which Philadelphia was the first capital. The name was chosen following a fan poll held between January 19, 2009 and February 6, 2009; the other three options were AC Philadelphia, SC Philadelphia, and Philadelphia City.The Union's colors are navy blue and gold, representing the primary colors of the Continental Army's uniforms during the American Revolutionary War. The team's crest is circular, symbolizing unity. Its thirteen gold stars represent the original Thirteen Colonies, while the shield's contour derives from the Philadelphia coat of arms. The rattlesnake pays homage to the "Join, or Die" political cartoon by Benjamin Franklin that was featured in the 1754 "Pennsylvania Gazette", and is also reminiscent of the Gadsden flag, another Revolutionary icon. The light blue in the middle of the crest is a tribute to the Sons of Ben, and is further derived from the civic flag of Philadelphia. Coincidentally, the navy blue, gold, and light blue colors of the Union are also the predominant colors in the state flags of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. The team's secondary logo is a simplified version of the aforementioned design consisting of the blue shield with the rattlesnake, augmented with a gold border and a ribbon bearing the team's official motto: "jungite aut perite", a Latin translation of the phrase "join or die", which was also used in the 1754 Benjamin Franklin political cartoon mentioned above. The Philadelphia Union's name and colors also allude to the state's important role during the Civil War.In February 2013, the team unveiled a third uniform that commemorated Bethlehem Steel F.C., one of the most successful early American soccer clubs. The kit was primarily black with white trim, featuring a sublimated Union emblem, and a Bethlehem Steel F.C. jock tag.The Union play most of their games at Subaru Park (formerly Talen Energy Stadium, and prior to that PPL Park), an 18,500-seat soccer-specific stadium located at the southwesterly corner of the Commodore Barry Bridge (U.S. Route 322). The structure was designed by Rossetti Architects and the ICON Venue Group, with the actual construction contracted to the Ardmore-based T.N. Ward Company. Subaru Park's design allows clear views of the Delaware River for approximately sixty percent of its spectators, and is the centerpiece of Chester's urban renewal process. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) worked with the city of Chester to ensure that construction activities did not impact the nearby parking facility which had been the site of the Wade Dump, a previously polluted Superfund site. The Union train at YSC Sports in Wayne, a community located 17 miles north of Chester.In addition to Subaru Park, the Union also plays select games at Lincoln Financial Field, the home stadium of the NFL's Philadelphia Eagles and the NCAA's Temple University Owls football team. Prior to the completion of the then PPL Park, the Union played their home opener at Lincoln Financial Field on April 10, 2010 against D.C. United as well as their May 15 match against FC Dallas. Originally just scheduled to play only the home opener at Lincoln Financial Field, the second game was played there due to construction delays at Subaru Park. Lincoln Financial Field remains the team's secondary home, for matches with anticipated high attendances, such as a friendly against Manchester United, during their 2010 tour of North America. For the home opener, the team limited ticket sales to the lower bowl and club sections, totaling about 37,500 seats. On June 27, the Union officially opened their home with a 3–2 win over Seattle Sounders FC. Lincoln Financial Field also hosts international friendlies involving teams other than the Union; the most recent being Real Madrid against the Scottish Premier League's Celtic FC in August 2012. Celtic FC met with the Union in their first international friendly in July 2010.The Philadelphia Union training fields are right outside Subaru Park; Chester, Pennsylvania. The training complex features 2 grass fields that were constructed in fall 2014. Prior to having dedicated training fields, the Union was practicing at a nearby municipal park called Chester Park or directly at Subaru Park.In 2016, the Philadelphia Union opened a 16,500 square foot training facility and offices built in the former machine shop of the Chester Waterside Station of the Philadelphia Electric Company.On August 19, 2015, the team announced that they would operate a reserve team in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania that will compete in the United Soccer League (USL) starting in 2016 with matches being played at Lehigh University's Goodman Stadium. As a part of the announcement, the Union agreed to dissolve their partnership with the Harrisburg City Islanders.On October 27, 2015, Bethlehem Steel FC's name, crest, and colors were officially announced during a ceremony held at the ArtsQuest at SteelStacks. "Steel FC" alludes to the historical Bethlehem Steel F.C. soccer club, which played from 1907 to 1930. The name was chosen following a fan poll held between September 8, 2015 and September 30, 2015. In December 2019, the Union announced that the Bethlehem Steel identity would be retired ahead of the 2020 season and the club would become known as Philadelphia Union II.The Philadelphia Union operates an elite youth Academy training and competition program starting with the Under-9 age group and running through Under-17, after which players graduate to Union II, the Philadelphia Union's second team.As for competition, the Union participates in MLS Next starting with the Under-13 age group. MLS Next is an elite North American youth soccer league organized, managed, and controlled by Major League Soccer. The league was launched in 2020. The Union's younger age groups from Under-9 through Under-12 participate in various regional leagues and tournaments, often playing one year up. The Union Academy teams train and compete in Wayne, Pennsylvania, as well as in Chester, Pennsylvania, home of Philadelphia Union's first team organization.While the Union's competition rosters in MLS Next are composed of boys teams representing age groups Under-13 through Under-17, the Union Academy is unusual in that with many of its young players are competing with and even starting for the Union's USL Championship team, Union II. Widely considered one of the top youth academies affiliated with an MLS club, the Union Academy has seen success in tournaments both domestic and international.The Union Academy sources talent internally through the Union Junior Academy, as well as externally through well-regarded local area programs such as FC Delco, Real Jersey FC, and The SWAG. Families have even been known to relocate to Pennsylvania to take advantage of the many benefits provided through the Union Academy such as admittance to the YSC Academy, a world class soccer training and college preparatory school that operates in an alliance with the Union Academy.The Philadelphia Union Academy has produced numerous players for the Philadelphia Union, Union II, elite NCAA programs, and professional clubs across the world.Between 70 and 80 of the Philadelphia Union Academy's players attend private school YSC Academy which was founded by Philadelphia Union investor Richie Graham in September 2013 as an innovative, first-of its-kind, soccer-specific school for elite soccer players from grades 6 through 12. The school has campuses in Wayne, Pennsylvania and at the Union's training complex in Chester, Pennsylvania and is designed for student-athletes who aspire to play professional-level soccer. YSC Academy's first graduating class was in 2015. A substantial portion of the school's graduates have gone on to play professionally for the Philadelphia Union and other teams, with the balance going to college.Grassroots support was instrumental to the founding of the Philadelphia Union and the construction of Subaru Park. This backing came in the form of a supporters group known as the Sons of Ben, which was founded in January 2007. The Sons of Ben petitioned Major League Soccer to expand to the Philadelphia market until the official expansion announcement was made in January 2008. Named for Founding Father and Philadelphia icon, Benjamin Franklin, the group was included in the expansion press conference, singing their anthem, "I'm Looking Over a Four Leaf Clover", and closing the event by presenting scarves to the ownership group. They were also present on May 11, 2009 for the naming ceremony at City Hall.While the Sons of Ben are the predominant and official supporters group, smaller supporters groups also exist. These include the Tammany Saints (sections 101 and 133), the IllegitimateS (section 133), the Corner Creeps (section 134), the Bridge Crew (sections 120–121), La Union Latina (section 114), and The Keystone State Ultras (section 140).The Philadelphia Union's primary rival is D.C. United. These rivalries exist primarily because of geographical proximity and the traditional animosities between the metropolitan areas of Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. in other professional sports leagues. The Union has a smaller rivalry with the New York Red Bulls due primarily to geographical proximity. Harrison, New Jersey, where the Red Bulls play, is roughly a 90-mile drive from Center City, Philadelphia. The Union also have a bit of a rivalry with Seattle Sounders FC despite the between Philadelphia and Seattle. The cross-country feud started when the Philadelphia Union played its inaugural MLS game in Seattle. It continued when Subaru Park's first-ever home game pitted the club against Seattle. The rivalry culminated as they were regularly compared to the 2009 expansion Sounders FC during their inaugural 2010 season as noted by defender Danny Califf, "Last year there was all this measuring of us against Seattle in their inaugural year, so maybe it created a bit more of a rivalry. They're a good team coming in here, and after the start they had they'd really like to take it to us.""Matches played include all league, cup and playoff games. The win percentage is calculated from the total of games. Note Open Cup matches decided by penalty kicks are officially recorded as draws"On January 11, 2011, the Philadelphia Union announced a four-year agreement with Bimbo Bakeries USA to be its official jersey sponsor. The company's U.S. headquarters is located in the Philadelphia suburb of Horsham, thus providing local and global exposure to the team. It was also announced that Bimbo will be the official bread and baked goods partner of both the Union and Major League Soccer, as well as an overall league sponsor.The sponsorship deal is valued at about $12 million.Bimbo and the Union agreed in 2014 to renew their sponsorship arrangement for five years at an annual value of $2.3 million.On November 26, 2014, the Union announced the Milton, Delaware-based Dogfish Head Brewery as their official beer sponsor. The deal included the establishment of a beer garden at Subaru Park.As of the 2018 season, WPHL-TV and WPVI-TV are the main English-language television broadcasters for Union matches not carried by Major League Soccer's national media partners, with JP Dellacamera on play-by-play. The broadcasts are produced by WPVI, and part of the package is aired by the station.During the 2012 MLS season, seventeen select home and road matches were broadcast on radio by WIP. The Union also collaborated with WIP on a weekly hour-long soccer show. Beginning with the MLS is Back Tournament in July 2020, the Union moved to WDAS.This list includes all those who have managed the club since 2010, when the club joined Major League Soccer for the first time, whether coaching on a full-time or interim basis. Games played include all League, Cup, Playoff, and the win percentage is calculated from the total of games.. "Includes all competitive matches"Keystone Sports & Entertainment (S&E) owns the Philadelphia Union and Bethlehem Steel FC. Jay Sugarman, (CEO) of iStar Financial, leads this group including Christopher F. Buccini, Robert Buccini, and David B. Pollin – co-founders of the Buccini/Pollin Group; Joseph J. Greco, chairman of the RevSpring technology company and president of Premier Management Services; and David Seltzer, principal and co-founder of the Mercator financial advisors. Nick Sakiewicz was the former CEO and investor in Keystone S&E until October 3, 2015, when Sugarman purchased his shares in the club and discontinued his involvement. His termination was primarily due to his strained relationship with the Union's fanbase, which blamed Sakiewicz for the team's mediocre record.On June 15, 2020, it was announced that basketball player Kevin Durant had become an investor and community partner for the club, purchasing five percent of the club with potentially another five percent in the near future.This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by the Union. For the full season-by-season history, see List of Philadelphia Union seasons.Bold signifies current Union player"Includes all league, cup, and playoffs matches."Field playersGoalkeepers
|
[
"John Hackworth",
"Jim Curtin"
] |
|
Who was the head coach of the team Philadelphia Union in Nov, 2013?
|
November 18, 2013
|
{
"text": [
"John Hackworth"
]
}
|
L2_Q689874_P286_1
|
Jim Curtin is the head coach of Philadelphia Union from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
John Hackworth is the head coach of Philadelphia Union from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014.
Piotr Nowak is the head coach of Philadelphia Union from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2012.
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Philadelphia UnionThe Philadelphia Union are an American professional soccer club based in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The Union compete in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Eastern Conference. Founded on February 28, 2008, the club began playing in 2010 as an expansion team. The club's home stadium is Subaru Park, a soccer-specific stadium located in Pennsylvania on the banks of the Delaware River.The Union is currently owned by Keystone Sports & Entertainment, with Jay Sugarman serving as majority owner and chairman of the club. Professional basketball player Kevin Durant also serves as a minority owner. The club's current head coach is Jim Curtin. Curtin has been coaching the Union since 2014. The Union finished as runners-up in the 2014, 2015 and 2018 U.S. Open Cup tournaments. The club lost to Seattle Sounders FC 3–1 in extra time in 2014, and to Sporting Kansas City 6–7 on penalties after a 1–1 draw in the 2015 edition. They lost 3–0 to the Houston Dynamo in the final of the 2018 edition. In 2020, Philadelphia secured the Supporters' Shield, winning the first title in the club's history.Despite being one of the ten largest metropolitan areas in the country and a top-five media market, the Philadelphia area was not represented when Major League Soccer kicked off in 1996. The first effort to bring soccer to the Delaware Valley commenced in 2001, when a group of investors attempted to bring an MLS franchise to Trenton, New Jersey. The centerpiece of their efforts was a $31 million soccer-specific stadium to be built across the street from the CURE Insurance Arena and with access to the under-construction NJ Transit River Line. "Union FC" was the intended name for the Trenton MLS team if it came to fruition. However, the MetroStars (now the New York Red Bulls) held the right to block a franchise in Trenton, as it would infringe on their 75-mile competition-free zone.Five years later, plans were in place to construct a 20,000-capacity stadium on the campus of Rowan University in Glassboro, New Jersey. The stadium would serve as the home field for both an MLS expansion club and Rowan's football team. Ultimately, $100 million in state bonds to fund the stadium and various other improvements on the Rowan campus were dropped by New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine. Shortly after the Rowan proposal fell through, Keystone Sports & Entertainment (the group that would eventually own the Union) looked at a site underneath the Commodore Barry Bridge in Chester to develop a soccer-specific stadium.In 2007, the Sons of Ben supporter group formed to raise interest toward a Major League Soccer team in Philadelphia. They are credited with demonstrating to MLS an established fan base in the market.Major League Soccer added Philadelphia as its sixteenth team on February 28, 2008. The finalization of the club was the result of a $47 million package approved by Delaware County politicians and Pennsylvania governor, Ed Rendell, that included the cost of Subaru Park and a major urban renewal project.In December 2009, the Union added the Reading Rage youth soccer organization as their official minor league affiliate in the USL Premier Development League. As a result, the Rage were rebranded as "Reading United AC" with a new logo and colors for the 2010 PDL season. In the 2010 MLS SuperDraft, the Union selected forward Danny Mwanga from Oregon State University as the number one pick, as well as sixth and seventh picks Amobi Okugo from UCLA and Jack McInerney from the U.S. U-17 National Team in the first round. In March 2010, the Union signed an affiliation agreement with the Harrisburg City Islanders of the United Soccer League. And in January 2012, the Union formed their first international partnership with Deportivo Saprissa of the Costa Rican Primera División.The Union played their inaugural game on March 25, 2010, in which they lost 2–0 to Seattle Sounders FC at Qwest Field. Sébastien Le Toux became the first player to score a goal for Philadelphia in their home opener on April 10, 2010, a 3–2 win over D.C. United at Lincoln Financial Field. The team again played Seattle Sounders FC for the first match at Subaru Park on June 27, 2010. Le Toux scored the Union's initial goal at the venue from a penalty kick, which was instrumental to their 3–1 victory. All 12,000 season ticket packages for 2010 were sold prior to this opener. At the end of the inaugural season the Union finished 7th in the Eastern Conference and 14th overall in the league with a record of 8–15–7 (W-L-T).The Union picked up three players in the 2011 MLS SuperDraft, most notably Zac MacMath, who was the fifth overall draft pick. On January 11, 2011, the Union acquired shirt sponsor Bimbo Bakeries USA. On January 20, Philadelphia introduced two new players: Colombians Faryd Mondragón (GK) and Carlos Valdés (D). Mondragón had recently come from playing with 1. FC Köln in the German Bundesliga, and has at least 50 caps with the Colombian national team. Valdés came from Independiente Santa Fe in the Colombian First Division, where he served as captain before coming to Philadelphia. The Union also signed during the summer transfer window US International Freddy Adu.The team made a complete turnaround in the 2011 season, finishing 3rd in the Eastern Conference and 8th overall in the league with a record of 11–8–15 (W-L-T) scoring 44 goals and allowing 36. This marked the 1st time the Philadelphia Union qualified for the MLS Cup Playoffs. The Union had a stellar start of the season that saw them win 4 and only lost 1 of their first six league games. In the 2011 MLS Cup Playoffs the Union lost the first leg of the MLS Eastern Conference semi-finals 2–1 at home on October 30, 2011, with the 1st playoff Union goal coming from Sebastien Le Toux. The Union then lost the 2nd leg 1–0 on November 3, 2011, against the future MLS Cup finalist Houston Dynamo.John Hackworth became the Unions' interim coach on June 13, 2012, receiving the role permanently on August 30, 2012. The Union finished their third season in eighth place in the Eastern Conference and fifteenth in MLS overall, with a record of 10–18–6 (W-L-T), scoring 37 goals and allowing 45. Antoine Hoppenot, who was selected in the third round of the 2012 Supplemental Draft, netted four goals within 817 minutes of play. Subaru Park, then known as PPL Park, was the site of the 2012 MLS All-Star Game in which the MLS All-Stars defeated Chelsea F.C., 3–2. The Union also made it to the semifinals of the 2012 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup after defeating the Rochester Rhinos 3–0 in the third round and winning against D.C. United on the road 2–1, after extra time, in the fourth round. They subsequently defeated the Harrisburg City Islanders, their main affiliate at the time, 5–2 in the quarterfinals.The Union traded allocation money in order to take the first overall pick, which was used on goalkeeper and Jamaican international Andre Blake. They then traded down multiple times in order to select Coastal Carolina University midfielder Pedro Ribeiro. Other new, preseason acquisitions included Maurice Edu, French midfielder Vincent Nogueira, Argentinian midfielder Cristian Maidana, and former MLS Rookie of the Year defender Austin Berry. Despite these additions, the Union still languished in mediocrity, winning just two of their first 14 games, posting a record of 2–7–5 (W-L-T). On April 20, 2014, the Union traded forward Jack McInerney to the Montreal Impact for winger Andrew Wenger, a Lancaster, Pennsylvania native. Hackworth's coaching career with the Union ended on June 10, 2014.Although failing to make the playoffs, the Union reached the 2014 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup finals for the first time in the club's history. During the offseason, the club traded for forward C. J. Sapong from Sporting Kansas City. They also traded long time defensive midfielder Amobi Okugo to Orlando City SC. Other new preseason acquisitions included FC Nantes loanee Fernando Aristeguieta, S.L. Benfica loanee Steven Vitória, and free agent Cameroonian 18-year-old midfielder Eric Ayuk. During the 2015 MLS SuperDraft the Union drafted forward Dzenan Catic from Bosnia-Herzegovina, midfielder Eric Bird, and defender Raymond Lee. During the expansion draft, Orlando City SC drafted Philadelphia midfielder Pedro Ribeiro. Despite all the offseason transactions, the Union only registered one win in their first ten league games with a record of 1–6–3 (W-L-T).During the 2015 summer transfer window, the Union traded longtime defender Sheanon Williams to the Houston Dynamo for allocation money, which they used to sign Swiss midfielder Tranquillo Barnetta on July 29, 2015. The club achieved a successful run in the 2015 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup, earning a second consecutive appearance in the Open Cup final. This match took place against Sporting Kansas City, at Subaru Park on September 30, 2015.In 2016, the Union would acquire Chris Pontius from D.C. United, Surinames midfielder Roland Alberg, and Brazilian right midfielder Ilsinho. They would also acquire U.S. international Alejandro Bedoya in the summer transfer window. The Union would also add key players from the 2016 MLS SuperDraft including Josh Yaro, Keegan Rosenberry, and Fabian Herbers. The 2016 season saw success from Goalkeeper Andre Blake who later would win the 2016 MLS Goalkeeper of the Year Award. The Union were in constant playoff contention, however went 0–5–2(W-L-T) in the final 7 matches of the regular season. The Union would still reach the playoffs for only the 2nd time in team history, beating out New England Revolution on goal differential. The Union were beaten 3–1 in the Knockout round of the 2016 MLS Cup Playoffs by Toronto FC.On May 11, 2009, the Philadelphia Union's name, crest, and colors were officially announced during a ceremony held at Philadelphia City Hall. "Union" alludes to the union of the Thirteen Colonies, of which Philadelphia was the first capital. The name was chosen following a fan poll held between January 19, 2009 and February 6, 2009; the other three options were AC Philadelphia, SC Philadelphia, and Philadelphia City.The Union's colors are navy blue and gold, representing the primary colors of the Continental Army's uniforms during the American Revolutionary War. The team's crest is circular, symbolizing unity. Its thirteen gold stars represent the original Thirteen Colonies, while the shield's contour derives from the Philadelphia coat of arms. The rattlesnake pays homage to the "Join, or Die" political cartoon by Benjamin Franklin that was featured in the 1754 "Pennsylvania Gazette", and is also reminiscent of the Gadsden flag, another Revolutionary icon. The light blue in the middle of the crest is a tribute to the Sons of Ben, and is further derived from the civic flag of Philadelphia. Coincidentally, the navy blue, gold, and light blue colors of the Union are also the predominant colors in the state flags of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. The team's secondary logo is a simplified version of the aforementioned design consisting of the blue shield with the rattlesnake, augmented with a gold border and a ribbon bearing the team's official motto: "jungite aut perite", a Latin translation of the phrase "join or die", which was also used in the 1754 Benjamin Franklin political cartoon mentioned above. The Philadelphia Union's name and colors also allude to the state's important role during the Civil War.In February 2013, the team unveiled a third uniform that commemorated Bethlehem Steel F.C., one of the most successful early American soccer clubs. The kit was primarily black with white trim, featuring a sublimated Union emblem, and a Bethlehem Steel F.C. jock tag.The Union play most of their games at Subaru Park (formerly Talen Energy Stadium, and prior to that PPL Park), an 18,500-seat soccer-specific stadium located at the southwesterly corner of the Commodore Barry Bridge (U.S. Route 322). The structure was designed by Rossetti Architects and the ICON Venue Group, with the actual construction contracted to the Ardmore-based T.N. Ward Company. Subaru Park's design allows clear views of the Delaware River for approximately sixty percent of its spectators, and is the centerpiece of Chester's urban renewal process. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) worked with the city of Chester to ensure that construction activities did not impact the nearby parking facility which had been the site of the Wade Dump, a previously polluted Superfund site. The Union train at YSC Sports in Wayne, a community located 17 miles north of Chester.In addition to Subaru Park, the Union also plays select games at Lincoln Financial Field, the home stadium of the NFL's Philadelphia Eagles and the NCAA's Temple University Owls football team. Prior to the completion of the then PPL Park, the Union played their home opener at Lincoln Financial Field on April 10, 2010 against D.C. United as well as their May 15 match against FC Dallas. Originally just scheduled to play only the home opener at Lincoln Financial Field, the second game was played there due to construction delays at Subaru Park. Lincoln Financial Field remains the team's secondary home, for matches with anticipated high attendances, such as a friendly against Manchester United, during their 2010 tour of North America. For the home opener, the team limited ticket sales to the lower bowl and club sections, totaling about 37,500 seats. On June 27, the Union officially opened their home with a 3–2 win over Seattle Sounders FC. Lincoln Financial Field also hosts international friendlies involving teams other than the Union; the most recent being Real Madrid against the Scottish Premier League's Celtic FC in August 2012. Celtic FC met with the Union in their first international friendly in July 2010.The Philadelphia Union training fields are right outside Subaru Park; Chester, Pennsylvania. The training complex features 2 grass fields that were constructed in fall 2014. Prior to having dedicated training fields, the Union was practicing at a nearby municipal park called Chester Park or directly at Subaru Park.In 2016, the Philadelphia Union opened a 16,500 square foot training facility and offices built in the former machine shop of the Chester Waterside Station of the Philadelphia Electric Company.On August 19, 2015, the team announced that they would operate a reserve team in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania that will compete in the United Soccer League (USL) starting in 2016 with matches being played at Lehigh University's Goodman Stadium. As a part of the announcement, the Union agreed to dissolve their partnership with the Harrisburg City Islanders.On October 27, 2015, Bethlehem Steel FC's name, crest, and colors were officially announced during a ceremony held at the ArtsQuest at SteelStacks. "Steel FC" alludes to the historical Bethlehem Steel F.C. soccer club, which played from 1907 to 1930. The name was chosen following a fan poll held between September 8, 2015 and September 30, 2015. In December 2019, the Union announced that the Bethlehem Steel identity would be retired ahead of the 2020 season and the club would become known as Philadelphia Union II.The Philadelphia Union operates an elite youth Academy training and competition program starting with the Under-9 age group and running through Under-17, after which players graduate to Union II, the Philadelphia Union's second team.As for competition, the Union participates in MLS Next starting with the Under-13 age group. MLS Next is an elite North American youth soccer league organized, managed, and controlled by Major League Soccer. The league was launched in 2020. The Union's younger age groups from Under-9 through Under-12 participate in various regional leagues and tournaments, often playing one year up. The Union Academy teams train and compete in Wayne, Pennsylvania, as well as in Chester, Pennsylvania, home of Philadelphia Union's first team organization.While the Union's competition rosters in MLS Next are composed of boys teams representing age groups Under-13 through Under-17, the Union Academy is unusual in that with many of its young players are competing with and even starting for the Union's USL Championship team, Union II. Widely considered one of the top youth academies affiliated with an MLS club, the Union Academy has seen success in tournaments both domestic and international.The Union Academy sources talent internally through the Union Junior Academy, as well as externally through well-regarded local area programs such as FC Delco, Real Jersey FC, and The SWAG. Families have even been known to relocate to Pennsylvania to take advantage of the many benefits provided through the Union Academy such as admittance to the YSC Academy, a world class soccer training and college preparatory school that operates in an alliance with the Union Academy.The Philadelphia Union Academy has produced numerous players for the Philadelphia Union, Union II, elite NCAA programs, and professional clubs across the world.Between 70 and 80 of the Philadelphia Union Academy's players attend private school YSC Academy which was founded by Philadelphia Union investor Richie Graham in September 2013 as an innovative, first-of its-kind, soccer-specific school for elite soccer players from grades 6 through 12. The school has campuses in Wayne, Pennsylvania and at the Union's training complex in Chester, Pennsylvania and is designed for student-athletes who aspire to play professional-level soccer. YSC Academy's first graduating class was in 2015. A substantial portion of the school's graduates have gone on to play professionally for the Philadelphia Union and other teams, with the balance going to college.Grassroots support was instrumental to the founding of the Philadelphia Union and the construction of Subaru Park. This backing came in the form of a supporters group known as the Sons of Ben, which was founded in January 2007. The Sons of Ben petitioned Major League Soccer to expand to the Philadelphia market until the official expansion announcement was made in January 2008. Named for Founding Father and Philadelphia icon, Benjamin Franklin, the group was included in the expansion press conference, singing their anthem, "I'm Looking Over a Four Leaf Clover", and closing the event by presenting scarves to the ownership group. They were also present on May 11, 2009 for the naming ceremony at City Hall.While the Sons of Ben are the predominant and official supporters group, smaller supporters groups also exist. These include the Tammany Saints (sections 101 and 133), the IllegitimateS (section 133), the Corner Creeps (section 134), the Bridge Crew (sections 120–121), La Union Latina (section 114), and The Keystone State Ultras (section 140).The Philadelphia Union's primary rival is D.C. United. These rivalries exist primarily because of geographical proximity and the traditional animosities between the metropolitan areas of Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. in other professional sports leagues. The Union has a smaller rivalry with the New York Red Bulls due primarily to geographical proximity. Harrison, New Jersey, where the Red Bulls play, is roughly a 90-mile drive from Center City, Philadelphia. The Union also have a bit of a rivalry with Seattle Sounders FC despite the between Philadelphia and Seattle. The cross-country feud started when the Philadelphia Union played its inaugural MLS game in Seattle. It continued when Subaru Park's first-ever home game pitted the club against Seattle. The rivalry culminated as they were regularly compared to the 2009 expansion Sounders FC during their inaugural 2010 season as noted by defender Danny Califf, "Last year there was all this measuring of us against Seattle in their inaugural year, so maybe it created a bit more of a rivalry. They're a good team coming in here, and after the start they had they'd really like to take it to us.""Matches played include all league, cup and playoff games. The win percentage is calculated from the total of games. Note Open Cup matches decided by penalty kicks are officially recorded as draws"On January 11, 2011, the Philadelphia Union announced a four-year agreement with Bimbo Bakeries USA to be its official jersey sponsor. The company's U.S. headquarters is located in the Philadelphia suburb of Horsham, thus providing local and global exposure to the team. It was also announced that Bimbo will be the official bread and baked goods partner of both the Union and Major League Soccer, as well as an overall league sponsor.The sponsorship deal is valued at about $12 million.Bimbo and the Union agreed in 2014 to renew their sponsorship arrangement for five years at an annual value of $2.3 million.On November 26, 2014, the Union announced the Milton, Delaware-based Dogfish Head Brewery as their official beer sponsor. The deal included the establishment of a beer garden at Subaru Park.As of the 2018 season, WPHL-TV and WPVI-TV are the main English-language television broadcasters for Union matches not carried by Major League Soccer's national media partners, with JP Dellacamera on play-by-play. The broadcasts are produced by WPVI, and part of the package is aired by the station.During the 2012 MLS season, seventeen select home and road matches were broadcast on radio by WIP. The Union also collaborated with WIP on a weekly hour-long soccer show. Beginning with the MLS is Back Tournament in July 2020, the Union moved to WDAS.This list includes all those who have managed the club since 2010, when the club joined Major League Soccer for the first time, whether coaching on a full-time or interim basis. Games played include all League, Cup, Playoff, and the win percentage is calculated from the total of games.. "Includes all competitive matches"Keystone Sports & Entertainment (S&E) owns the Philadelphia Union and Bethlehem Steel FC. Jay Sugarman, (CEO) of iStar Financial, leads this group including Christopher F. Buccini, Robert Buccini, and David B. Pollin – co-founders of the Buccini/Pollin Group; Joseph J. Greco, chairman of the RevSpring technology company and president of Premier Management Services; and David Seltzer, principal and co-founder of the Mercator financial advisors. Nick Sakiewicz was the former CEO and investor in Keystone S&E until October 3, 2015, when Sugarman purchased his shares in the club and discontinued his involvement. His termination was primarily due to his strained relationship with the Union's fanbase, which blamed Sakiewicz for the team's mediocre record.On June 15, 2020, it was announced that basketball player Kevin Durant had become an investor and community partner for the club, purchasing five percent of the club with potentially another five percent in the near future.This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by the Union. For the full season-by-season history, see List of Philadelphia Union seasons.Bold signifies current Union player"Includes all league, cup, and playoffs matches."Field playersGoalkeepers
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[
"Jim Curtin",
"Piotr Nowak"
] |
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Who was the head coach of the team Philadelphia Union in Apr, 2021?
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April 19, 2021
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{
"text": [
"Jim Curtin"
]
}
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L2_Q689874_P286_2
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Jim Curtin is the head coach of Philadelphia Union from Jan, 2014 to Dec, 2022.
Piotr Nowak is the head coach of Philadelphia Union from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2012.
John Hackworth is the head coach of Philadelphia Union from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2014.
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Philadelphia UnionThe Philadelphia Union are an American professional soccer club based in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The Union compete in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Eastern Conference. Founded on February 28, 2008, the club began playing in 2010 as an expansion team. The club's home stadium is Subaru Park, a soccer-specific stadium located in Pennsylvania on the banks of the Delaware River.The Union is currently owned by Keystone Sports & Entertainment, with Jay Sugarman serving as majority owner and chairman of the club. Professional basketball player Kevin Durant also serves as a minority owner. The club's current head coach is Jim Curtin. Curtin has been coaching the Union since 2014. The Union finished as runners-up in the 2014, 2015 and 2018 U.S. Open Cup tournaments. The club lost to Seattle Sounders FC 3–1 in extra time in 2014, and to Sporting Kansas City 6–7 on penalties after a 1–1 draw in the 2015 edition. They lost 3–0 to the Houston Dynamo in the final of the 2018 edition. In 2020, Philadelphia secured the Supporters' Shield, winning the first title in the club's history.Despite being one of the ten largest metropolitan areas in the country and a top-five media market, the Philadelphia area was not represented when Major League Soccer kicked off in 1996. The first effort to bring soccer to the Delaware Valley commenced in 2001, when a group of investors attempted to bring an MLS franchise to Trenton, New Jersey. The centerpiece of their efforts was a $31 million soccer-specific stadium to be built across the street from the CURE Insurance Arena and with access to the under-construction NJ Transit River Line. "Union FC" was the intended name for the Trenton MLS team if it came to fruition. However, the MetroStars (now the New York Red Bulls) held the right to block a franchise in Trenton, as it would infringe on their 75-mile competition-free zone.Five years later, plans were in place to construct a 20,000-capacity stadium on the campus of Rowan University in Glassboro, New Jersey. The stadium would serve as the home field for both an MLS expansion club and Rowan's football team. Ultimately, $100 million in state bonds to fund the stadium and various other improvements on the Rowan campus were dropped by New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine. Shortly after the Rowan proposal fell through, Keystone Sports & Entertainment (the group that would eventually own the Union) looked at a site underneath the Commodore Barry Bridge in Chester to develop a soccer-specific stadium.In 2007, the Sons of Ben supporter group formed to raise interest toward a Major League Soccer team in Philadelphia. They are credited with demonstrating to MLS an established fan base in the market.Major League Soccer added Philadelphia as its sixteenth team on February 28, 2008. The finalization of the club was the result of a $47 million package approved by Delaware County politicians and Pennsylvania governor, Ed Rendell, that included the cost of Subaru Park and a major urban renewal project.In December 2009, the Union added the Reading Rage youth soccer organization as their official minor league affiliate in the USL Premier Development League. As a result, the Rage were rebranded as "Reading United AC" with a new logo and colors for the 2010 PDL season. In the 2010 MLS SuperDraft, the Union selected forward Danny Mwanga from Oregon State University as the number one pick, as well as sixth and seventh picks Amobi Okugo from UCLA and Jack McInerney from the U.S. U-17 National Team in the first round. In March 2010, the Union signed an affiliation agreement with the Harrisburg City Islanders of the United Soccer League. And in January 2012, the Union formed their first international partnership with Deportivo Saprissa of the Costa Rican Primera División.The Union played their inaugural game on March 25, 2010, in which they lost 2–0 to Seattle Sounders FC at Qwest Field. Sébastien Le Toux became the first player to score a goal for Philadelphia in their home opener on April 10, 2010, a 3–2 win over D.C. United at Lincoln Financial Field. The team again played Seattle Sounders FC for the first match at Subaru Park on June 27, 2010. Le Toux scored the Union's initial goal at the venue from a penalty kick, which was instrumental to their 3–1 victory. All 12,000 season ticket packages for 2010 were sold prior to this opener. At the end of the inaugural season the Union finished 7th in the Eastern Conference and 14th overall in the league with a record of 8–15–7 (W-L-T).The Union picked up three players in the 2011 MLS SuperDraft, most notably Zac MacMath, who was the fifth overall draft pick. On January 11, 2011, the Union acquired shirt sponsor Bimbo Bakeries USA. On January 20, Philadelphia introduced two new players: Colombians Faryd Mondragón (GK) and Carlos Valdés (D). Mondragón had recently come from playing with 1. FC Köln in the German Bundesliga, and has at least 50 caps with the Colombian national team. Valdés came from Independiente Santa Fe in the Colombian First Division, where he served as captain before coming to Philadelphia. The Union also signed during the summer transfer window US International Freddy Adu.The team made a complete turnaround in the 2011 season, finishing 3rd in the Eastern Conference and 8th overall in the league with a record of 11–8–15 (W-L-T) scoring 44 goals and allowing 36. This marked the 1st time the Philadelphia Union qualified for the MLS Cup Playoffs. The Union had a stellar start of the season that saw them win 4 and only lost 1 of their first six league games. In the 2011 MLS Cup Playoffs the Union lost the first leg of the MLS Eastern Conference semi-finals 2–1 at home on October 30, 2011, with the 1st playoff Union goal coming from Sebastien Le Toux. The Union then lost the 2nd leg 1–0 on November 3, 2011, against the future MLS Cup finalist Houston Dynamo.John Hackworth became the Unions' interim coach on June 13, 2012, receiving the role permanently on August 30, 2012. The Union finished their third season in eighth place in the Eastern Conference and fifteenth in MLS overall, with a record of 10–18–6 (W-L-T), scoring 37 goals and allowing 45. Antoine Hoppenot, who was selected in the third round of the 2012 Supplemental Draft, netted four goals within 817 minutes of play. Subaru Park, then known as PPL Park, was the site of the 2012 MLS All-Star Game in which the MLS All-Stars defeated Chelsea F.C., 3–2. The Union also made it to the semifinals of the 2012 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup after defeating the Rochester Rhinos 3–0 in the third round and winning against D.C. United on the road 2–1, after extra time, in the fourth round. They subsequently defeated the Harrisburg City Islanders, their main affiliate at the time, 5–2 in the quarterfinals.The Union traded allocation money in order to take the first overall pick, which was used on goalkeeper and Jamaican international Andre Blake. They then traded down multiple times in order to select Coastal Carolina University midfielder Pedro Ribeiro. Other new, preseason acquisitions included Maurice Edu, French midfielder Vincent Nogueira, Argentinian midfielder Cristian Maidana, and former MLS Rookie of the Year defender Austin Berry. Despite these additions, the Union still languished in mediocrity, winning just two of their first 14 games, posting a record of 2–7–5 (W-L-T). On April 20, 2014, the Union traded forward Jack McInerney to the Montreal Impact for winger Andrew Wenger, a Lancaster, Pennsylvania native. Hackworth's coaching career with the Union ended on June 10, 2014.Although failing to make the playoffs, the Union reached the 2014 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup finals for the first time in the club's history. During the offseason, the club traded for forward C. J. Sapong from Sporting Kansas City. They also traded long time defensive midfielder Amobi Okugo to Orlando City SC. Other new preseason acquisitions included FC Nantes loanee Fernando Aristeguieta, S.L. Benfica loanee Steven Vitória, and free agent Cameroonian 18-year-old midfielder Eric Ayuk. During the 2015 MLS SuperDraft the Union drafted forward Dzenan Catic from Bosnia-Herzegovina, midfielder Eric Bird, and defender Raymond Lee. During the expansion draft, Orlando City SC drafted Philadelphia midfielder Pedro Ribeiro. Despite all the offseason transactions, the Union only registered one win in their first ten league games with a record of 1–6–3 (W-L-T).During the 2015 summer transfer window, the Union traded longtime defender Sheanon Williams to the Houston Dynamo for allocation money, which they used to sign Swiss midfielder Tranquillo Barnetta on July 29, 2015. The club achieved a successful run in the 2015 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup, earning a second consecutive appearance in the Open Cup final. This match took place against Sporting Kansas City, at Subaru Park on September 30, 2015.In 2016, the Union would acquire Chris Pontius from D.C. United, Surinames midfielder Roland Alberg, and Brazilian right midfielder Ilsinho. They would also acquire U.S. international Alejandro Bedoya in the summer transfer window. The Union would also add key players from the 2016 MLS SuperDraft including Josh Yaro, Keegan Rosenberry, and Fabian Herbers. The 2016 season saw success from Goalkeeper Andre Blake who later would win the 2016 MLS Goalkeeper of the Year Award. The Union were in constant playoff contention, however went 0–5–2(W-L-T) in the final 7 matches of the regular season. The Union would still reach the playoffs for only the 2nd time in team history, beating out New England Revolution on goal differential. The Union were beaten 3–1 in the Knockout round of the 2016 MLS Cup Playoffs by Toronto FC.On May 11, 2009, the Philadelphia Union's name, crest, and colors were officially announced during a ceremony held at Philadelphia City Hall. "Union" alludes to the union of the Thirteen Colonies, of which Philadelphia was the first capital. The name was chosen following a fan poll held between January 19, 2009 and February 6, 2009; the other three options were AC Philadelphia, SC Philadelphia, and Philadelphia City.The Union's colors are navy blue and gold, representing the primary colors of the Continental Army's uniforms during the American Revolutionary War. The team's crest is circular, symbolizing unity. Its thirteen gold stars represent the original Thirteen Colonies, while the shield's contour derives from the Philadelphia coat of arms. The rattlesnake pays homage to the "Join, or Die" political cartoon by Benjamin Franklin that was featured in the 1754 "Pennsylvania Gazette", and is also reminiscent of the Gadsden flag, another Revolutionary icon. The light blue in the middle of the crest is a tribute to the Sons of Ben, and is further derived from the civic flag of Philadelphia. Coincidentally, the navy blue, gold, and light blue colors of the Union are also the predominant colors in the state flags of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. The team's secondary logo is a simplified version of the aforementioned design consisting of the blue shield with the rattlesnake, augmented with a gold border and a ribbon bearing the team's official motto: "jungite aut perite", a Latin translation of the phrase "join or die", which was also used in the 1754 Benjamin Franklin political cartoon mentioned above. The Philadelphia Union's name and colors also allude to the state's important role during the Civil War.In February 2013, the team unveiled a third uniform that commemorated Bethlehem Steel F.C., one of the most successful early American soccer clubs. The kit was primarily black with white trim, featuring a sublimated Union emblem, and a Bethlehem Steel F.C. jock tag.The Union play most of their games at Subaru Park (formerly Talen Energy Stadium, and prior to that PPL Park), an 18,500-seat soccer-specific stadium located at the southwesterly corner of the Commodore Barry Bridge (U.S. Route 322). The structure was designed by Rossetti Architects and the ICON Venue Group, with the actual construction contracted to the Ardmore-based T.N. Ward Company. Subaru Park's design allows clear views of the Delaware River for approximately sixty percent of its spectators, and is the centerpiece of Chester's urban renewal process. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) worked with the city of Chester to ensure that construction activities did not impact the nearby parking facility which had been the site of the Wade Dump, a previously polluted Superfund site. The Union train at YSC Sports in Wayne, a community located 17 miles north of Chester.In addition to Subaru Park, the Union also plays select games at Lincoln Financial Field, the home stadium of the NFL's Philadelphia Eagles and the NCAA's Temple University Owls football team. Prior to the completion of the then PPL Park, the Union played their home opener at Lincoln Financial Field on April 10, 2010 against D.C. United as well as their May 15 match against FC Dallas. Originally just scheduled to play only the home opener at Lincoln Financial Field, the second game was played there due to construction delays at Subaru Park. Lincoln Financial Field remains the team's secondary home, for matches with anticipated high attendances, such as a friendly against Manchester United, during their 2010 tour of North America. For the home opener, the team limited ticket sales to the lower bowl and club sections, totaling about 37,500 seats. On June 27, the Union officially opened their home with a 3–2 win over Seattle Sounders FC. Lincoln Financial Field also hosts international friendlies involving teams other than the Union; the most recent being Real Madrid against the Scottish Premier League's Celtic FC in August 2012. Celtic FC met with the Union in their first international friendly in July 2010.The Philadelphia Union training fields are right outside Subaru Park; Chester, Pennsylvania. The training complex features 2 grass fields that were constructed in fall 2014. Prior to having dedicated training fields, the Union was practicing at a nearby municipal park called Chester Park or directly at Subaru Park.In 2016, the Philadelphia Union opened a 16,500 square foot training facility and offices built in the former machine shop of the Chester Waterside Station of the Philadelphia Electric Company.On August 19, 2015, the team announced that they would operate a reserve team in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania that will compete in the United Soccer League (USL) starting in 2016 with matches being played at Lehigh University's Goodman Stadium. As a part of the announcement, the Union agreed to dissolve their partnership with the Harrisburg City Islanders.On October 27, 2015, Bethlehem Steel FC's name, crest, and colors were officially announced during a ceremony held at the ArtsQuest at SteelStacks. "Steel FC" alludes to the historical Bethlehem Steel F.C. soccer club, which played from 1907 to 1930. The name was chosen following a fan poll held between September 8, 2015 and September 30, 2015. In December 2019, the Union announced that the Bethlehem Steel identity would be retired ahead of the 2020 season and the club would become known as Philadelphia Union II.The Philadelphia Union operates an elite youth Academy training and competition program starting with the Under-9 age group and running through Under-17, after which players graduate to Union II, the Philadelphia Union's second team.As for competition, the Union participates in MLS Next starting with the Under-13 age group. MLS Next is an elite North American youth soccer league organized, managed, and controlled by Major League Soccer. The league was launched in 2020. The Union's younger age groups from Under-9 through Under-12 participate in various regional leagues and tournaments, often playing one year up. The Union Academy teams train and compete in Wayne, Pennsylvania, as well as in Chester, Pennsylvania, home of Philadelphia Union's first team organization.While the Union's competition rosters in MLS Next are composed of boys teams representing age groups Under-13 through Under-17, the Union Academy is unusual in that with many of its young players are competing with and even starting for the Union's USL Championship team, Union II. Widely considered one of the top youth academies affiliated with an MLS club, the Union Academy has seen success in tournaments both domestic and international.The Union Academy sources talent internally through the Union Junior Academy, as well as externally through well-regarded local area programs such as FC Delco, Real Jersey FC, and The SWAG. Families have even been known to relocate to Pennsylvania to take advantage of the many benefits provided through the Union Academy such as admittance to the YSC Academy, a world class soccer training and college preparatory school that operates in an alliance with the Union Academy.The Philadelphia Union Academy has produced numerous players for the Philadelphia Union, Union II, elite NCAA programs, and professional clubs across the world.Between 70 and 80 of the Philadelphia Union Academy's players attend private school YSC Academy which was founded by Philadelphia Union investor Richie Graham in September 2013 as an innovative, first-of its-kind, soccer-specific school for elite soccer players from grades 6 through 12. The school has campuses in Wayne, Pennsylvania and at the Union's training complex in Chester, Pennsylvania and is designed for student-athletes who aspire to play professional-level soccer. YSC Academy's first graduating class was in 2015. A substantial portion of the school's graduates have gone on to play professionally for the Philadelphia Union and other teams, with the balance going to college.Grassroots support was instrumental to the founding of the Philadelphia Union and the construction of Subaru Park. This backing came in the form of a supporters group known as the Sons of Ben, which was founded in January 2007. The Sons of Ben petitioned Major League Soccer to expand to the Philadelphia market until the official expansion announcement was made in January 2008. Named for Founding Father and Philadelphia icon, Benjamin Franklin, the group was included in the expansion press conference, singing their anthem, "I'm Looking Over a Four Leaf Clover", and closing the event by presenting scarves to the ownership group. They were also present on May 11, 2009 for the naming ceremony at City Hall.While the Sons of Ben are the predominant and official supporters group, smaller supporters groups also exist. These include the Tammany Saints (sections 101 and 133), the IllegitimateS (section 133), the Corner Creeps (section 134), the Bridge Crew (sections 120–121), La Union Latina (section 114), and The Keystone State Ultras (section 140).The Philadelphia Union's primary rival is D.C. United. These rivalries exist primarily because of geographical proximity and the traditional animosities between the metropolitan areas of Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. in other professional sports leagues. The Union has a smaller rivalry with the New York Red Bulls due primarily to geographical proximity. Harrison, New Jersey, where the Red Bulls play, is roughly a 90-mile drive from Center City, Philadelphia. The Union also have a bit of a rivalry with Seattle Sounders FC despite the between Philadelphia and Seattle. The cross-country feud started when the Philadelphia Union played its inaugural MLS game in Seattle. It continued when Subaru Park's first-ever home game pitted the club against Seattle. The rivalry culminated as they were regularly compared to the 2009 expansion Sounders FC during their inaugural 2010 season as noted by defender Danny Califf, "Last year there was all this measuring of us against Seattle in their inaugural year, so maybe it created a bit more of a rivalry. They're a good team coming in here, and after the start they had they'd really like to take it to us.""Matches played include all league, cup and playoff games. The win percentage is calculated from the total of games. Note Open Cup matches decided by penalty kicks are officially recorded as draws"On January 11, 2011, the Philadelphia Union announced a four-year agreement with Bimbo Bakeries USA to be its official jersey sponsor. The company's U.S. headquarters is located in the Philadelphia suburb of Horsham, thus providing local and global exposure to the team. It was also announced that Bimbo will be the official bread and baked goods partner of both the Union and Major League Soccer, as well as an overall league sponsor.The sponsorship deal is valued at about $12 million.Bimbo and the Union agreed in 2014 to renew their sponsorship arrangement for five years at an annual value of $2.3 million.On November 26, 2014, the Union announced the Milton, Delaware-based Dogfish Head Brewery as their official beer sponsor. The deal included the establishment of a beer garden at Subaru Park.As of the 2018 season, WPHL-TV and WPVI-TV are the main English-language television broadcasters for Union matches not carried by Major League Soccer's national media partners, with JP Dellacamera on play-by-play. The broadcasts are produced by WPVI, and part of the package is aired by the station.During the 2012 MLS season, seventeen select home and road matches were broadcast on radio by WIP. The Union also collaborated with WIP on a weekly hour-long soccer show. Beginning with the MLS is Back Tournament in July 2020, the Union moved to WDAS.This list includes all those who have managed the club since 2010, when the club joined Major League Soccer for the first time, whether coaching on a full-time or interim basis. Games played include all League, Cup, Playoff, and the win percentage is calculated from the total of games.. "Includes all competitive matches"Keystone Sports & Entertainment (S&E) owns the Philadelphia Union and Bethlehem Steel FC. Jay Sugarman, (CEO) of iStar Financial, leads this group including Christopher F. Buccini, Robert Buccini, and David B. Pollin – co-founders of the Buccini/Pollin Group; Joseph J. Greco, chairman of the RevSpring technology company and president of Premier Management Services; and David Seltzer, principal and co-founder of the Mercator financial advisors. Nick Sakiewicz was the former CEO and investor in Keystone S&E until October 3, 2015, when Sugarman purchased his shares in the club and discontinued his involvement. His termination was primarily due to his strained relationship with the Union's fanbase, which blamed Sakiewicz for the team's mediocre record.On June 15, 2020, it was announced that basketball player Kevin Durant had become an investor and community partner for the club, purchasing five percent of the club with potentially another five percent in the near future.This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by the Union. For the full season-by-season history, see List of Philadelphia Union seasons.Bold signifies current Union player"Includes all league, cup, and playoffs matches."Field playersGoalkeepers
|
[
"John Hackworth",
"Piotr Nowak"
] |
|
Which team did Mikel Antía Mendiaraz play for in May, 1993?
|
May 20, 1993
|
{
"text": [
"Real Madrid Cddastilla"
]
}
|
L2_Q11936769_P54_0
|
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Elche CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Valladolid from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1997.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Sociedad from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2000.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for RC Celta B from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Racing Club from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Unión from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Madrid Cddastilla from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
|
Mikel AntíaMikel Antía (born 13 February 1973 in Spain) is a Spanish retired footballer.
|
[
"RC Celta B",
"Real Racing Club",
"Real Sociedad",
"Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina",
"Real Unión",
"Real Valladolid",
"Elche CF"
] |
|
Which team did Mikel Antía Mendiaraz play for in Jul, 1994?
|
July 04, 1994
|
{
"text": [
"RC Celta B"
]
}
|
L2_Q11936769_P54_1
|
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Elche CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Madrid Cddastilla from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for RC Celta B from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Valladolid from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1997.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Racing Club from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Unión from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Sociedad from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2000.
|
Mikel AntíaMikel Antía (born 13 February 1973 in Spain) is a Spanish retired footballer.
|
[
"Real Racing Club",
"Real Sociedad",
"Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina",
"Real Unión",
"Real Valladolid",
"Elche CF",
"Real Madrid Cddastilla"
] |
|
Which team did Mikel Antía Mendiaraz play for in May, 1995?
|
May 02, 1995
|
{
"text": [
"Real Valladolid"
]
}
|
L2_Q11936769_P54_2
|
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Valladolid from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1997.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Madrid Cddastilla from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Unión from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Elche CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for RC Celta B from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Sociedad from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2000.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Racing Club from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
|
Mikel AntíaMikel Antía (born 13 February 1973 in Spain) is a Spanish retired footballer.
|
[
"RC Celta B",
"Real Racing Club",
"Real Sociedad",
"Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina",
"Real Unión",
"Elche CF",
"Real Madrid Cddastilla"
] |
|
Which team did Mikel Antía Mendiaraz play for in Nov, 1997?
|
November 27, 1997
|
{
"text": [
"Real Sociedad"
]
}
|
L2_Q11936769_P54_3
|
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Sociedad from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2000.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Madrid Cddastilla from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Racing Club from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Valladolid from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1997.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for RC Celta B from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Elche CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Unión from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006.
|
Mikel AntíaMikel Antía (born 13 February 1973 in Spain) is a Spanish retired footballer.
|
[
"RC Celta B",
"Real Racing Club",
"Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina",
"Real Unión",
"Real Valladolid",
"Elche CF",
"Real Madrid Cddastilla"
] |
|
Which team did Mikel Antía Mendiaraz play for in Jul, 2001?
|
July 01, 2001
|
{
"text": [
"Elche CF"
]
}
|
L2_Q11936769_P54_4
|
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for RC Celta B from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Valladolid from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1997.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Racing Club from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Sociedad from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2000.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Unión from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Elche CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Madrid Cddastilla from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
|
Mikel AntíaMikel Antía (born 13 February 1973 in Spain) is a Spanish retired footballer.
|
[
"RC Celta B",
"Real Racing Club",
"Real Sociedad",
"Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina",
"Real Unión",
"Real Valladolid",
"Real Madrid Cddastilla"
] |
|
Which team did Mikel Antía Mendiaraz play for in Jan, 2001?
|
January 01, 2001
|
{
"text": [
"Elche CF",
"Real Racing Club"
]
}
|
L2_Q11936769_P54_5
|
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Sociedad from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2000.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Elche CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Valladolid from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1997.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for RC Celta B from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Unión from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Madrid Cddastilla from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Racing Club from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
|
Mikel AntíaMikel Antía (born 13 February 1973 in Spain) is a Spanish retired footballer.
|
[
"RC Celta B",
"Real Sociedad",
"Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina",
"Real Unión",
"Real Valladolid",
"Real Madrid Cddastilla",
"RC Celta B",
"Real Sociedad",
"Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina",
"Real Unión",
"Real Valladolid",
"Real Madrid Cddastilla"
] |
|
Which team did Mikel Antía Mendiaraz play for in Jan, 2003?
|
January 15, 2003
|
{
"text": [
"Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina"
]
}
|
L2_Q11936769_P54_6
|
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Elche CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Madrid Cddastilla from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Valladolid from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1997.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Unión from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for RC Celta B from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Sociedad from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2000.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Racing Club from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
|
Mikel AntíaMikel Antía (born 13 February 1973 in Spain) is a Spanish retired footballer.
|
[
"RC Celta B",
"Real Racing Club",
"Real Sociedad",
"Real Unión",
"Real Valladolid",
"Elche CF",
"Real Madrid Cddastilla"
] |
|
Which team did Mikel Antía Mendiaraz play for in Aug, 2005?
|
August 22, 2005
|
{
"text": [
"Real Unión"
]
}
|
L2_Q11936769_P54_7
|
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Valladolid from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1997.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Racing Club from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for RC Celta B from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Elche CF from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Unión from Jan, 2004 to Jan, 2006.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Sociedad from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 2000.
Mikel Antía Mendiaraz plays for Real Madrid Cddastilla from Jan, 1992 to Jan, 1994.
|
Mikel AntíaMikel Antía (born 13 February 1973 in Spain) is a Spanish retired footballer.
|
[
"RC Celta B",
"Real Racing Club",
"Real Sociedad",
"Sociedad Deportiva Ponferradina",
"Real Valladolid",
"Elche CF",
"Real Madrid Cddastilla"
] |
|
Which team did Dimitris Kiliaras play for in Jul, 2009?
|
July 06, 2009
|
{
"text": [
"Panionios F.C.",
"Ergotelis F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q3562201_P54_0
|
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panionios F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2010.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Levadiakos F.C. from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Iraklis Psachna F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for AEP Paphos F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panegialios F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2014.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Ergotelis F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
|
Dimitrios KiliarasDimitrios Kiliaras (; born 23 March 1986) is a Greek footballer who plays for Almyros Gazi in the Heraklion FCA A1 Championship, a regional league in the fifth tier of the Greek football league system. He mainly plays as a midfielder.Kiliaras began playing football with local club Irodotos, before moving to Gamma Ethniki side Ergotelis in 2002. As the club celebrated consecutive promotions to reach the Alpha Ethniki (later renamed to Superleague) in 2004, Kiliaras made his top-flight debut during the 2004–05 season. He impressed with his performances for Ergotelis in the Superleague, earning a transfer to Panionios on 16 May 2008 for a reported 500K Euros. Playing the same position as Panionios Uruguayan stars at the time Álvaro Recoba and Fabián Estoyanoff, Kiliaras did not manage to maintain a place in the club's starting XI, and was subsequently loaned out back to Ergotelis in 2009.After his contract with Panionios ended, Kiliaras moved to fellow Superleague side Levadiakos. He then spent one season in Cyprus with AEP Paphos before returning to Greece signing for Football League side Panachaiki. Kiliaras eventually went back to playing in the Gamma Ethniki, featuring for 2015–16 Group 3 champions Sparti in 2016. On 1 July 2016, Kiliaras returned to a Gamma Ethniki side Ergotelis for the third time in his career, 6 years past his loan spell from Panionios.In January 2017, Kiliaras requested to be released from his contract with Ergotelis, expressing his desire to return to his very first club, Irodotos, playing in Heraklion's top regional division, and help them in their struggle to return to the Gamma Ethniki. Ergotelis reluctantly granted the player's wish and his contract was therefore terminated on 22 January 2017. Kiliaras' transfer made an impact for Irodotos, as the club won four trophies that season, including the Heraklion Football Clubs Association double, the Greek Football Amateur Cup and the Amateurs' Super Cup. Kiliaras actually secured the final trophy for Irodotos by scoring the winning goal (0–1) in the 74th minute. In total, Kiliaras scored 8 goals in 16 caps for Irodotos.In the summer of 2017, Kiliaras moved to Corfu, signing with local FCA A1 club Kronos Argyrades, whom he helped gain consecutive promotions to the Gamma Ethniki and the Football League during a two-year stay. In the summer of 2019, Kiliaras returned to Crete, and signed a contract with local FCA A1 Championship club Almyros.Born in Heraklion, Kiliaras began playing football at a young age, when his father, a retired Irodotos footballer, signed him up at the infrastructure segments of his former club. His younger brother Giannis is also a professional footballer, currently playing for Greek Super League 2 club Ergotelis. They played together for Ergotelis in the Superleague during the 2007–08 season.
|
[
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Panegialios F.C.",
"AEP Paphos F.C.",
"Levadiakos F.C.",
"Iraklis Psachna F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Dimitris Kiliaras play for in Apr, 2009?
|
April 18, 2009
|
{
"text": [
"Panionios F.C.",
"Ergotelis F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q3562201_P54_1
|
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Levadiakos F.C. from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panionios F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2010.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for AEP Paphos F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Iraklis Psachna F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Ergotelis F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panegialios F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2014.
|
Dimitrios KiliarasDimitrios Kiliaras (; born 23 March 1986) is a Greek footballer who plays for Almyros Gazi in the Heraklion FCA A1 Championship, a regional league in the fifth tier of the Greek football league system. He mainly plays as a midfielder.Kiliaras began playing football with local club Irodotos, before moving to Gamma Ethniki side Ergotelis in 2002. As the club celebrated consecutive promotions to reach the Alpha Ethniki (later renamed to Superleague) in 2004, Kiliaras made his top-flight debut during the 2004–05 season. He impressed with his performances for Ergotelis in the Superleague, earning a transfer to Panionios on 16 May 2008 for a reported 500K Euros. Playing the same position as Panionios Uruguayan stars at the time Álvaro Recoba and Fabián Estoyanoff, Kiliaras did not manage to maintain a place in the club's starting XI, and was subsequently loaned out back to Ergotelis in 2009.After his contract with Panionios ended, Kiliaras moved to fellow Superleague side Levadiakos. He then spent one season in Cyprus with AEP Paphos before returning to Greece signing for Football League side Panachaiki. Kiliaras eventually went back to playing in the Gamma Ethniki, featuring for 2015–16 Group 3 champions Sparti in 2016. On 1 July 2016, Kiliaras returned to a Gamma Ethniki side Ergotelis for the third time in his career, 6 years past his loan spell from Panionios.In January 2017, Kiliaras requested to be released from his contract with Ergotelis, expressing his desire to return to his very first club, Irodotos, playing in Heraklion's top regional division, and help them in their struggle to return to the Gamma Ethniki. Ergotelis reluctantly granted the player's wish and his contract was therefore terminated on 22 January 2017. Kiliaras' transfer made an impact for Irodotos, as the club won four trophies that season, including the Heraklion Football Clubs Association double, the Greek Football Amateur Cup and the Amateurs' Super Cup. Kiliaras actually secured the final trophy for Irodotos by scoring the winning goal (0–1) in the 74th minute. In total, Kiliaras scored 8 goals in 16 caps for Irodotos.In the summer of 2017, Kiliaras moved to Corfu, signing with local FCA A1 club Kronos Argyrades, whom he helped gain consecutive promotions to the Gamma Ethniki and the Football League during a two-year stay. In the summer of 2019, Kiliaras returned to Crete, and signed a contract with local FCA A1 Championship club Almyros.Born in Heraklion, Kiliaras began playing football at a young age, when his father, a retired Irodotos footballer, signed him up at the infrastructure segments of his former club. His younger brother Giannis is also a professional footballer, currently playing for Greek Super League 2 club Ergotelis. They played together for Ergotelis in the Superleague during the 2007–08 season.
|
[
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Panegialios F.C.",
"AEP Paphos F.C.",
"Levadiakos F.C.",
"Iraklis Psachna F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Dimitris Kiliaras play for in Sep, 2011?
|
September 09, 2011
|
{
"text": [
"Levadiakos F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q3562201_P54_2
|
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panionios F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2010.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Levadiakos F.C. from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Iraklis Psachna F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panegialios F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2014.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Ergotelis F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for AEP Paphos F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
|
Dimitrios KiliarasDimitrios Kiliaras (; born 23 March 1986) is a Greek footballer who plays for Almyros Gazi in the Heraklion FCA A1 Championship, a regional league in the fifth tier of the Greek football league system. He mainly plays as a midfielder.Kiliaras began playing football with local club Irodotos, before moving to Gamma Ethniki side Ergotelis in 2002. As the club celebrated consecutive promotions to reach the Alpha Ethniki (later renamed to Superleague) in 2004, Kiliaras made his top-flight debut during the 2004–05 season. He impressed with his performances for Ergotelis in the Superleague, earning a transfer to Panionios on 16 May 2008 for a reported 500K Euros. Playing the same position as Panionios Uruguayan stars at the time Álvaro Recoba and Fabián Estoyanoff, Kiliaras did not manage to maintain a place in the club's starting XI, and was subsequently loaned out back to Ergotelis in 2009.After his contract with Panionios ended, Kiliaras moved to fellow Superleague side Levadiakos. He then spent one season in Cyprus with AEP Paphos before returning to Greece signing for Football League side Panachaiki. Kiliaras eventually went back to playing in the Gamma Ethniki, featuring for 2015–16 Group 3 champions Sparti in 2016. On 1 July 2016, Kiliaras returned to a Gamma Ethniki side Ergotelis for the third time in his career, 6 years past his loan spell from Panionios.In January 2017, Kiliaras requested to be released from his contract with Ergotelis, expressing his desire to return to his very first club, Irodotos, playing in Heraklion's top regional division, and help them in their struggle to return to the Gamma Ethniki. Ergotelis reluctantly granted the player's wish and his contract was therefore terminated on 22 January 2017. Kiliaras' transfer made an impact for Irodotos, as the club won four trophies that season, including the Heraklion Football Clubs Association double, the Greek Football Amateur Cup and the Amateurs' Super Cup. Kiliaras actually secured the final trophy for Irodotos by scoring the winning goal (0–1) in the 74th minute. In total, Kiliaras scored 8 goals in 16 caps for Irodotos.In the summer of 2017, Kiliaras moved to Corfu, signing with local FCA A1 club Kronos Argyrades, whom he helped gain consecutive promotions to the Gamma Ethniki and the Football League during a two-year stay. In the summer of 2019, Kiliaras returned to Crete, and signed a contract with local FCA A1 Championship club Almyros.Born in Heraklion, Kiliaras began playing football at a young age, when his father, a retired Irodotos footballer, signed him up at the infrastructure segments of his former club. His younger brother Giannis is also a professional footballer, currently playing for Greek Super League 2 club Ergotelis. They played together for Ergotelis in the Superleague during the 2007–08 season.
|
[
"Panionios F.C.",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Ergotelis F.C.",
"Panegialios F.C.",
"AEP Paphos F.C.",
"Iraklis Psachna F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Dimitris Kiliaras play for in May, 2012?
|
May 08, 2012
|
{
"text": [
"AEP Paphos F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q3562201_P54_3
|
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panegialios F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2014.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Iraklis Psachna F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for AEP Paphos F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Ergotelis F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panionios F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2010.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Levadiakos F.C. from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.
|
Dimitrios KiliarasDimitrios Kiliaras (; born 23 March 1986) is a Greek footballer who plays for Almyros Gazi in the Heraklion FCA A1 Championship, a regional league in the fifth tier of the Greek football league system. He mainly plays as a midfielder.Kiliaras began playing football with local club Irodotos, before moving to Gamma Ethniki side Ergotelis in 2002. As the club celebrated consecutive promotions to reach the Alpha Ethniki (later renamed to Superleague) in 2004, Kiliaras made his top-flight debut during the 2004–05 season. He impressed with his performances for Ergotelis in the Superleague, earning a transfer to Panionios on 16 May 2008 for a reported 500K Euros. Playing the same position as Panionios Uruguayan stars at the time Álvaro Recoba and Fabián Estoyanoff, Kiliaras did not manage to maintain a place in the club's starting XI, and was subsequently loaned out back to Ergotelis in 2009.After his contract with Panionios ended, Kiliaras moved to fellow Superleague side Levadiakos. He then spent one season in Cyprus with AEP Paphos before returning to Greece signing for Football League side Panachaiki. Kiliaras eventually went back to playing in the Gamma Ethniki, featuring for 2015–16 Group 3 champions Sparti in 2016. On 1 July 2016, Kiliaras returned to a Gamma Ethniki side Ergotelis for the third time in his career, 6 years past his loan spell from Panionios.In January 2017, Kiliaras requested to be released from his contract with Ergotelis, expressing his desire to return to his very first club, Irodotos, playing in Heraklion's top regional division, and help them in their struggle to return to the Gamma Ethniki. Ergotelis reluctantly granted the player's wish and his contract was therefore terminated on 22 January 2017. Kiliaras' transfer made an impact for Irodotos, as the club won four trophies that season, including the Heraklion Football Clubs Association double, the Greek Football Amateur Cup and the Amateurs' Super Cup. Kiliaras actually secured the final trophy for Irodotos by scoring the winning goal (0–1) in the 74th minute. In total, Kiliaras scored 8 goals in 16 caps for Irodotos.In the summer of 2017, Kiliaras moved to Corfu, signing with local FCA A1 club Kronos Argyrades, whom he helped gain consecutive promotions to the Gamma Ethniki and the Football League during a two-year stay. In the summer of 2019, Kiliaras returned to Crete, and signed a contract with local FCA A1 Championship club Almyros.Born in Heraklion, Kiliaras began playing football at a young age, when his father, a retired Irodotos footballer, signed him up at the infrastructure segments of his former club. His younger brother Giannis is also a professional footballer, currently playing for Greek Super League 2 club Ergotelis. They played together for Ergotelis in the Superleague during the 2007–08 season.
|
[
"Panionios F.C.",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Ergotelis F.C.",
"Panegialios F.C.",
"Levadiakos F.C.",
"Iraklis Psachna F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Dimitris Kiliaras play for in Jan, 2013?
|
January 01, 2013
|
{
"text": [
"AEP Paphos F.C.",
"Iraklis Psachna F.C.",
"Panachaiki F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q3562201_P54_4
|
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Levadiakos F.C. from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Ergotelis F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panegialios F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2014.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Iraklis Psachna F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panionios F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2010.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for AEP Paphos F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
|
Dimitrios KiliarasDimitrios Kiliaras (; born 23 March 1986) is a Greek footballer who plays for Almyros Gazi in the Heraklion FCA A1 Championship, a regional league in the fifth tier of the Greek football league system. He mainly plays as a midfielder.Kiliaras began playing football with local club Irodotos, before moving to Gamma Ethniki side Ergotelis in 2002. As the club celebrated consecutive promotions to reach the Alpha Ethniki (later renamed to Superleague) in 2004, Kiliaras made his top-flight debut during the 2004–05 season. He impressed with his performances for Ergotelis in the Superleague, earning a transfer to Panionios on 16 May 2008 for a reported 500K Euros. Playing the same position as Panionios Uruguayan stars at the time Álvaro Recoba and Fabián Estoyanoff, Kiliaras did not manage to maintain a place in the club's starting XI, and was subsequently loaned out back to Ergotelis in 2009.After his contract with Panionios ended, Kiliaras moved to fellow Superleague side Levadiakos. He then spent one season in Cyprus with AEP Paphos before returning to Greece signing for Football League side Panachaiki. Kiliaras eventually went back to playing in the Gamma Ethniki, featuring for 2015–16 Group 3 champions Sparti in 2016. On 1 July 2016, Kiliaras returned to a Gamma Ethniki side Ergotelis for the third time in his career, 6 years past his loan spell from Panionios.In January 2017, Kiliaras requested to be released from his contract with Ergotelis, expressing his desire to return to his very first club, Irodotos, playing in Heraklion's top regional division, and help them in their struggle to return to the Gamma Ethniki. Ergotelis reluctantly granted the player's wish and his contract was therefore terminated on 22 January 2017. Kiliaras' transfer made an impact for Irodotos, as the club won four trophies that season, including the Heraklion Football Clubs Association double, the Greek Football Amateur Cup and the Amateurs' Super Cup. Kiliaras actually secured the final trophy for Irodotos by scoring the winning goal (0–1) in the 74th minute. In total, Kiliaras scored 8 goals in 16 caps for Irodotos.In the summer of 2017, Kiliaras moved to Corfu, signing with local FCA A1 club Kronos Argyrades, whom he helped gain consecutive promotions to the Gamma Ethniki and the Football League during a two-year stay. In the summer of 2019, Kiliaras returned to Crete, and signed a contract with local FCA A1 Championship club Almyros.Born in Heraklion, Kiliaras began playing football at a young age, when his father, a retired Irodotos footballer, signed him up at the infrastructure segments of his former club. His younger brother Giannis is also a professional footballer, currently playing for Greek Super League 2 club Ergotelis. They played together for Ergotelis in the Superleague during the 2007–08 season.
|
[
"Panionios F.C.",
"Levadiakos F.C.",
"Ergotelis F.C.",
"Panegialios F.C.",
"Panionios F.C.",
"Levadiakos F.C.",
"Ergotelis F.C.",
"Panegialios F.C.",
"Panionios F.C.",
"Levadiakos F.C.",
"Ergotelis F.C.",
"Panegialios F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Dimitris Kiliaras play for in Jan, 2013?
|
January 01, 2013
|
{
"text": [
"AEP Paphos F.C.",
"Iraklis Psachna F.C.",
"Panachaiki F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q3562201_P54_5
|
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Iraklis Psachna F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Ergotelis F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panegialios F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2014.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Levadiakos F.C. from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for AEP Paphos F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panionios F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2010.
|
Dimitrios KiliarasDimitrios Kiliaras (; born 23 March 1986) is a Greek footballer who plays for Almyros Gazi in the Heraklion FCA A1 Championship, a regional league in the fifth tier of the Greek football league system. He mainly plays as a midfielder.Kiliaras began playing football with local club Irodotos, before moving to Gamma Ethniki side Ergotelis in 2002. As the club celebrated consecutive promotions to reach the Alpha Ethniki (later renamed to Superleague) in 2004, Kiliaras made his top-flight debut during the 2004–05 season. He impressed with his performances for Ergotelis in the Superleague, earning a transfer to Panionios on 16 May 2008 for a reported 500K Euros. Playing the same position as Panionios Uruguayan stars at the time Álvaro Recoba and Fabián Estoyanoff, Kiliaras did not manage to maintain a place in the club's starting XI, and was subsequently loaned out back to Ergotelis in 2009.After his contract with Panionios ended, Kiliaras moved to fellow Superleague side Levadiakos. He then spent one season in Cyprus with AEP Paphos before returning to Greece signing for Football League side Panachaiki. Kiliaras eventually went back to playing in the Gamma Ethniki, featuring for 2015–16 Group 3 champions Sparti in 2016. On 1 July 2016, Kiliaras returned to a Gamma Ethniki side Ergotelis for the third time in his career, 6 years past his loan spell from Panionios.In January 2017, Kiliaras requested to be released from his contract with Ergotelis, expressing his desire to return to his very first club, Irodotos, playing in Heraklion's top regional division, and help them in their struggle to return to the Gamma Ethniki. Ergotelis reluctantly granted the player's wish and his contract was therefore terminated on 22 January 2017. Kiliaras' transfer made an impact for Irodotos, as the club won four trophies that season, including the Heraklion Football Clubs Association double, the Greek Football Amateur Cup and the Amateurs' Super Cup. Kiliaras actually secured the final trophy for Irodotos by scoring the winning goal (0–1) in the 74th minute. In total, Kiliaras scored 8 goals in 16 caps for Irodotos.In the summer of 2017, Kiliaras moved to Corfu, signing with local FCA A1 club Kronos Argyrades, whom he helped gain consecutive promotions to the Gamma Ethniki and the Football League during a two-year stay. In the summer of 2019, Kiliaras returned to Crete, and signed a contract with local FCA A1 Championship club Almyros.Born in Heraklion, Kiliaras began playing football at a young age, when his father, a retired Irodotos footballer, signed him up at the infrastructure segments of his former club. His younger brother Giannis is also a professional footballer, currently playing for Greek Super League 2 club Ergotelis. They played together for Ergotelis in the Superleague during the 2007–08 season.
|
[
"Panionios F.C.",
"Levadiakos F.C.",
"Ergotelis F.C.",
"Panegialios F.C.",
"Panionios F.C.",
"Levadiakos F.C.",
"Ergotelis F.C.",
"Panegialios F.C.",
"Panionios F.C.",
"Levadiakos F.C.",
"Ergotelis F.C.",
"Panegialios F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Dimitris Kiliaras play for in Jan, 2014?
|
January 01, 2014
|
{
"text": [
"Panegialios F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q3562201_P54_6
|
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Levadiakos F.C. from Jan, 2011 to Jan, 2012.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for AEP Paphos F.C. from Jan, 2012 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panachaiki F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panegialios F.C. from Jan, 2014 to Jan, 2014.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Ergotelis F.C. from Jan, 2009 to Jan, 2010.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Iraklis Psachna F.C. from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2013.
Dimitris Kiliaras plays for Panionios F.C. from Jan, 2008 to Jan, 2010.
|
Dimitrios KiliarasDimitrios Kiliaras (; born 23 March 1986) is a Greek footballer who plays for Almyros Gazi in the Heraklion FCA A1 Championship, a regional league in the fifth tier of the Greek football league system. He mainly plays as a midfielder.Kiliaras began playing football with local club Irodotos, before moving to Gamma Ethniki side Ergotelis in 2002. As the club celebrated consecutive promotions to reach the Alpha Ethniki (later renamed to Superleague) in 2004, Kiliaras made his top-flight debut during the 2004–05 season. He impressed with his performances for Ergotelis in the Superleague, earning a transfer to Panionios on 16 May 2008 for a reported 500K Euros. Playing the same position as Panionios Uruguayan stars at the time Álvaro Recoba and Fabián Estoyanoff, Kiliaras did not manage to maintain a place in the club's starting XI, and was subsequently loaned out back to Ergotelis in 2009.After his contract with Panionios ended, Kiliaras moved to fellow Superleague side Levadiakos. He then spent one season in Cyprus with AEP Paphos before returning to Greece signing for Football League side Panachaiki. Kiliaras eventually went back to playing in the Gamma Ethniki, featuring for 2015–16 Group 3 champions Sparti in 2016. On 1 July 2016, Kiliaras returned to a Gamma Ethniki side Ergotelis for the third time in his career, 6 years past his loan spell from Panionios.In January 2017, Kiliaras requested to be released from his contract with Ergotelis, expressing his desire to return to his very first club, Irodotos, playing in Heraklion's top regional division, and help them in their struggle to return to the Gamma Ethniki. Ergotelis reluctantly granted the player's wish and his contract was therefore terminated on 22 January 2017. Kiliaras' transfer made an impact for Irodotos, as the club won four trophies that season, including the Heraklion Football Clubs Association double, the Greek Football Amateur Cup and the Amateurs' Super Cup. Kiliaras actually secured the final trophy for Irodotos by scoring the winning goal (0–1) in the 74th minute. In total, Kiliaras scored 8 goals in 16 caps for Irodotos.In the summer of 2017, Kiliaras moved to Corfu, signing with local FCA A1 club Kronos Argyrades, whom he helped gain consecutive promotions to the Gamma Ethniki and the Football League during a two-year stay. In the summer of 2019, Kiliaras returned to Crete, and signed a contract with local FCA A1 Championship club Almyros.Born in Heraklion, Kiliaras began playing football at a young age, when his father, a retired Irodotos footballer, signed him up at the infrastructure segments of his former club. His younger brother Giannis is also a professional footballer, currently playing for Greek Super League 2 club Ergotelis. They played together for Ergotelis in the Superleague during the 2007–08 season.
|
[
"Panionios F.C.",
"Panachaiki F.C.",
"Ergotelis F.C.",
"AEP Paphos F.C.",
"Levadiakos F.C.",
"Iraklis Psachna F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Billy Manuel play for in Mar, 1988?
|
March 22, 1988
|
{
"text": [
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q4912944_P54_0
|
Billy Manuel plays for Walthamstow F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Billy Manuel plays for Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1989.
Billy Manuel plays for Grays Athletic F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Barnet F.C. from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999.
Billy Manuel plays for Cambridge United F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Billy Manuel plays for Folkestone Invicta F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Billy Manuel plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Billy Manuel plays for Brentford F.C. from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Horsham F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Windsor & Eton F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Bromley F.C. from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Gillingham F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1997.
Billy Manuel plays for Stevenage F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Tonbridge Angels F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
|
Billy ManuelWilliam Albert James Manuel (born 28 June 1969) is an English retired professional football left back and midfielder, best remembered for his time in the Football League with Brentford and Gillingham. His tenacious performances in midfield for Brentford led to the nickname 'Billy the Pit Bull'.Manuel began his career in the youth systems at First Division clubs Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur, before dropping down to the Third Division to sign for Gillingham on 10 February 1989. His addition to the squad failed to help the struggling club avoid relegation to the Fourth Division at the end of the 1988–89 season and Manuel remained at Priestfield for two more forgettable seasons before leaving in June 1991. He made 97 appearances and scored four goals for the Gills.Manuel moved back up to the Third Division to sign for Brentford in a £60,000 deal on 14 June 1991, to bring stability to the left back position. He made 45 appearances during the 1991–92 season and won the first silverware of his career when the Third Division title was clinched at the end of the campaign. In the newly renamed First Division, Manuel moved into the midfield and impressed enough to be voted the Brentford supporters' Player of the Year at the end of the season, though it would end in disappointment with relegation straight back to the Second Division. New manager David Webb installed Manuel as captain for the 1993–94 season and moved him to left back, though he gradually fell out of favour and was released in August 1994. Manuel made 115 appearances and scored two goals during three seasons with Brentford.Manuel signed for Second Division club Peterborough United on a short-term contract on 16 September 1994. He failed to make an appearance before departing on 28 October.Manuel joined high-flying Conference club Stevenage Borough on loan in late September 1994. He made three appearances before leaving Broadhall Way.Manuel signed for Second Division strugglers Cambridge United on a three-month contract on 28 October 1994. He made 12 appearances before his contract expired.Manuel re-signed for Peterborough United on 28 February 1995, four months after leaving the club. He made 35 appearances and scored five goals before leaving London Road for the final time on 25 January 1996.Manuel rejoined Gillingham, then flying high in the Third Division, on 26 January 1996. He helped the Gills to promotion to the Second Division with a second-place finish at the end of the 1995–96 season and made 11 appearances in 1996–97, before being released at the end of the campaign. In both his spells with Gillingham, Manuel made 118 appearances and scored four goals.Manuel dropped back down to the Third Division to sign for Barnet prior to the beginning of the 1997–98 season. He made 38 appearances and scored one goal before being released at the end of the 1998–99 season.Manuel dropped into non-League football in 1999 and signed for Southern League First Division East club Folkestone Invicta and helped the club to promotion to the Premier Division in his first season. He was released as part of a cost-cutting exercise in December 2000. He moved on to play for Horsham, Grays Athletic, Tonbridge Angels, Bromley, Windsor & Eton, Waltham Forest and Metrogas before retiring in 2005.While a player at Folkestone Invicta, Manuel was also the club's assistant manager.After his retirement from football, Manuel spent a period living in the USA before returning to his native Hackney to run a pub. He later worked in refurbishments.BrentfordGillinghamFolkestone InvictaIndividual
|
[
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Bromley F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Billy Manuel play for in Jun, 1991?
|
June 08, 1991
|
{
"text": [
"Brentford F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q4912944_P54_1
|
Billy Manuel plays for Cambridge United F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Billy Manuel plays for Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1989.
Billy Manuel plays for Stevenage F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Horsham F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Billy Manuel plays for Walthamstow F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Billy Manuel plays for Bromley F.C. from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Tonbridge Angels F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Billy Manuel plays for Folkestone Invicta F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Billy Manuel plays for Gillingham F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1997.
Billy Manuel plays for Windsor & Eton F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Barnet F.C. from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999.
Billy Manuel plays for Grays Athletic F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Brentford F.C. from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1994.
|
Billy ManuelWilliam Albert James Manuel (born 28 June 1969) is an English retired professional football left back and midfielder, best remembered for his time in the Football League with Brentford and Gillingham. His tenacious performances in midfield for Brentford led to the nickname 'Billy the Pit Bull'.Manuel began his career in the youth systems at First Division clubs Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur, before dropping down to the Third Division to sign for Gillingham on 10 February 1989. His addition to the squad failed to help the struggling club avoid relegation to the Fourth Division at the end of the 1988–89 season and Manuel remained at Priestfield for two more forgettable seasons before leaving in June 1991. He made 97 appearances and scored four goals for the Gills.Manuel moved back up to the Third Division to sign for Brentford in a £60,000 deal on 14 June 1991, to bring stability to the left back position. He made 45 appearances during the 1991–92 season and won the first silverware of his career when the Third Division title was clinched at the end of the campaign. In the newly renamed First Division, Manuel moved into the midfield and impressed enough to be voted the Brentford supporters' Player of the Year at the end of the season, though it would end in disappointment with relegation straight back to the Second Division. New manager David Webb installed Manuel as captain for the 1993–94 season and moved him to left back, though he gradually fell out of favour and was released in August 1994. Manuel made 115 appearances and scored two goals during three seasons with Brentford.Manuel signed for Second Division club Peterborough United on a short-term contract on 16 September 1994. He failed to make an appearance before departing on 28 October.Manuel joined high-flying Conference club Stevenage Borough on loan in late September 1994. He made three appearances before leaving Broadhall Way.Manuel signed for Second Division strugglers Cambridge United on a three-month contract on 28 October 1994. He made 12 appearances before his contract expired.Manuel re-signed for Peterborough United on 28 February 1995, four months after leaving the club. He made 35 appearances and scored five goals before leaving London Road for the final time on 25 January 1996.Manuel rejoined Gillingham, then flying high in the Third Division, on 26 January 1996. He helped the Gills to promotion to the Second Division with a second-place finish at the end of the 1995–96 season and made 11 appearances in 1996–97, before being released at the end of the campaign. In both his spells with Gillingham, Manuel made 118 appearances and scored four goals.Manuel dropped back down to the Third Division to sign for Barnet prior to the beginning of the 1997–98 season. He made 38 appearances and scored one goal before being released at the end of the 1998–99 season.Manuel dropped into non-League football in 1999 and signed for Southern League First Division East club Folkestone Invicta and helped the club to promotion to the Premier Division in his first season. He was released as part of a cost-cutting exercise in December 2000. He moved on to play for Horsham, Grays Athletic, Tonbridge Angels, Bromley, Windsor & Eton, Waltham Forest and Metrogas before retiring in 2005.While a player at Folkestone Invicta, Manuel was also the club's assistant manager.After his retirement from football, Manuel spent a period living in the USA before returning to his native Hackney to run a pub. He later worked in refurbishments.BrentfordGillinghamFolkestone InvictaIndividual
|
[
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Bromley F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Billy Manuel play for in Feb, 1994?
|
February 27, 1994
|
{
"text": [
"Cambridge United F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q4912944_P54_2
|
Billy Manuel plays for Bromley F.C. from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Tonbridge Angels F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Billy Manuel plays for Windsor & Eton F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Brentford F.C. from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Stevenage F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Gillingham F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1997.
Billy Manuel plays for Cambridge United F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Billy Manuel plays for Horsham F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1989.
Billy Manuel plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Billy Manuel plays for Barnet F.C. from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999.
Billy Manuel plays for Walthamstow F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Billy Manuel plays for Folkestone Invicta F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Billy Manuel plays for Grays Athletic F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
|
Billy ManuelWilliam Albert James Manuel (born 28 June 1969) is an English retired professional football left back and midfielder, best remembered for his time in the Football League with Brentford and Gillingham. His tenacious performances in midfield for Brentford led to the nickname 'Billy the Pit Bull'.Manuel began his career in the youth systems at First Division clubs Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur, before dropping down to the Third Division to sign for Gillingham on 10 February 1989. His addition to the squad failed to help the struggling club avoid relegation to the Fourth Division at the end of the 1988–89 season and Manuel remained at Priestfield for two more forgettable seasons before leaving in June 1991. He made 97 appearances and scored four goals for the Gills.Manuel moved back up to the Third Division to sign for Brentford in a £60,000 deal on 14 June 1991, to bring stability to the left back position. He made 45 appearances during the 1991–92 season and won the first silverware of his career when the Third Division title was clinched at the end of the campaign. In the newly renamed First Division, Manuel moved into the midfield and impressed enough to be voted the Brentford supporters' Player of the Year at the end of the season, though it would end in disappointment with relegation straight back to the Second Division. New manager David Webb installed Manuel as captain for the 1993–94 season and moved him to left back, though he gradually fell out of favour and was released in August 1994. Manuel made 115 appearances and scored two goals during three seasons with Brentford.Manuel signed for Second Division club Peterborough United on a short-term contract on 16 September 1994. He failed to make an appearance before departing on 28 October.Manuel joined high-flying Conference club Stevenage Borough on loan in late September 1994. He made three appearances before leaving Broadhall Way.Manuel signed for Second Division strugglers Cambridge United on a three-month contract on 28 October 1994. He made 12 appearances before his contract expired.Manuel re-signed for Peterborough United on 28 February 1995, four months after leaving the club. He made 35 appearances and scored five goals before leaving London Road for the final time on 25 January 1996.Manuel rejoined Gillingham, then flying high in the Third Division, on 26 January 1996. He helped the Gills to promotion to the Second Division with a second-place finish at the end of the 1995–96 season and made 11 appearances in 1996–97, before being released at the end of the campaign. In both his spells with Gillingham, Manuel made 118 appearances and scored four goals.Manuel dropped back down to the Third Division to sign for Barnet prior to the beginning of the 1997–98 season. He made 38 appearances and scored one goal before being released at the end of the 1998–99 season.Manuel dropped into non-League football in 1999 and signed for Southern League First Division East club Folkestone Invicta and helped the club to promotion to the Premier Division in his first season. He was released as part of a cost-cutting exercise in December 2000. He moved on to play for Horsham, Grays Athletic, Tonbridge Angels, Bromley, Windsor & Eton, Waltham Forest and Metrogas before retiring in 2005.While a player at Folkestone Invicta, Manuel was also the club's assistant manager.After his retirement from football, Manuel spent a period living in the USA before returning to his native Hackney to run a pub. He later worked in refurbishments.BrentfordGillinghamFolkestone InvictaIndividual
|
[
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Bromley F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Billy Manuel play for in Jan, 1994?
|
January 01, 1994
|
{
"text": [
"Brentford F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q4912944_P54_3
|
Billy Manuel plays for Barnet F.C. from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999.
Billy Manuel plays for Horsham F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Stevenage F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Brentford F.C. from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Windsor & Eton F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Billy Manuel plays for Folkestone Invicta F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Billy Manuel plays for Cambridge United F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Billy Manuel plays for Walthamstow F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Billy Manuel plays for Gillingham F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1997.
Billy Manuel plays for Tonbridge Angels F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Billy Manuel plays for Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1989.
Billy Manuel plays for Bromley F.C. from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Grays Athletic F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
|
Billy ManuelWilliam Albert James Manuel (born 28 June 1969) is an English retired professional football left back and midfielder, best remembered for his time in the Football League with Brentford and Gillingham. His tenacious performances in midfield for Brentford led to the nickname 'Billy the Pit Bull'.Manuel began his career in the youth systems at First Division clubs Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur, before dropping down to the Third Division to sign for Gillingham on 10 February 1989. His addition to the squad failed to help the struggling club avoid relegation to the Fourth Division at the end of the 1988–89 season and Manuel remained at Priestfield for two more forgettable seasons before leaving in June 1991. He made 97 appearances and scored four goals for the Gills.Manuel moved back up to the Third Division to sign for Brentford in a £60,000 deal on 14 June 1991, to bring stability to the left back position. He made 45 appearances during the 1991–92 season and won the first silverware of his career when the Third Division title was clinched at the end of the campaign. In the newly renamed First Division, Manuel moved into the midfield and impressed enough to be voted the Brentford supporters' Player of the Year at the end of the season, though it would end in disappointment with relegation straight back to the Second Division. New manager David Webb installed Manuel as captain for the 1993–94 season and moved him to left back, though he gradually fell out of favour and was released in August 1994. Manuel made 115 appearances and scored two goals during three seasons with Brentford.Manuel signed for Second Division club Peterborough United on a short-term contract on 16 September 1994. He failed to make an appearance before departing on 28 October.Manuel joined high-flying Conference club Stevenage Borough on loan in late September 1994. He made three appearances before leaving Broadhall Way.Manuel signed for Second Division strugglers Cambridge United on a three-month contract on 28 October 1994. He made 12 appearances before his contract expired.Manuel re-signed for Peterborough United on 28 February 1995, four months after leaving the club. He made 35 appearances and scored five goals before leaving London Road for the final time on 25 January 1996.Manuel rejoined Gillingham, then flying high in the Third Division, on 26 January 1996. He helped the Gills to promotion to the Second Division with a second-place finish at the end of the 1995–96 season and made 11 appearances in 1996–97, before being released at the end of the campaign. In both his spells with Gillingham, Manuel made 118 appearances and scored four goals.Manuel dropped back down to the Third Division to sign for Barnet prior to the beginning of the 1997–98 season. He made 38 appearances and scored one goal before being released at the end of the 1998–99 season.Manuel dropped into non-League football in 1999 and signed for Southern League First Division East club Folkestone Invicta and helped the club to promotion to the Premier Division in his first season. He was released as part of a cost-cutting exercise in December 2000. He moved on to play for Horsham, Grays Athletic, Tonbridge Angels, Bromley, Windsor & Eton, Waltham Forest and Metrogas before retiring in 2005.While a player at Folkestone Invicta, Manuel was also the club's assistant manager.After his retirement from football, Manuel spent a period living in the USA before returning to his native Hackney to run a pub. He later worked in refurbishments.BrentfordGillinghamFolkestone InvictaIndividual
|
[
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C.",
"Bromley F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C.",
"Bromley F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C.",
"Bromley F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Billy Manuel play for in Apr, 1995?
|
April 18, 1995
|
{
"text": [
"Peterborough United F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q4912944_P54_4
|
Billy Manuel plays for Barnet F.C. from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999.
Billy Manuel plays for Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1989.
Billy Manuel plays for Bromley F.C. from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Stevenage F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Grays Athletic F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Brentford F.C. from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Windsor & Eton F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Horsham F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Tonbridge Angels F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Billy Manuel plays for Gillingham F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1997.
Billy Manuel plays for Cambridge United F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Billy Manuel plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Billy Manuel plays for Folkestone Invicta F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Billy Manuel plays for Walthamstow F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
|
Billy ManuelWilliam Albert James Manuel (born 28 June 1969) is an English retired professional football left back and midfielder, best remembered for his time in the Football League with Brentford and Gillingham. His tenacious performances in midfield for Brentford led to the nickname 'Billy the Pit Bull'.Manuel began his career in the youth systems at First Division clubs Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur, before dropping down to the Third Division to sign for Gillingham on 10 February 1989. His addition to the squad failed to help the struggling club avoid relegation to the Fourth Division at the end of the 1988–89 season and Manuel remained at Priestfield for two more forgettable seasons before leaving in June 1991. He made 97 appearances and scored four goals for the Gills.Manuel moved back up to the Third Division to sign for Brentford in a £60,000 deal on 14 June 1991, to bring stability to the left back position. He made 45 appearances during the 1991–92 season and won the first silverware of his career when the Third Division title was clinched at the end of the campaign. In the newly renamed First Division, Manuel moved into the midfield and impressed enough to be voted the Brentford supporters' Player of the Year at the end of the season, though it would end in disappointment with relegation straight back to the Second Division. New manager David Webb installed Manuel as captain for the 1993–94 season and moved him to left back, though he gradually fell out of favour and was released in August 1994. Manuel made 115 appearances and scored two goals during three seasons with Brentford.Manuel signed for Second Division club Peterborough United on a short-term contract on 16 September 1994. He failed to make an appearance before departing on 28 October.Manuel joined high-flying Conference club Stevenage Borough on loan in late September 1994. He made three appearances before leaving Broadhall Way.Manuel signed for Second Division strugglers Cambridge United on a three-month contract on 28 October 1994. He made 12 appearances before his contract expired.Manuel re-signed for Peterborough United on 28 February 1995, four months after leaving the club. He made 35 appearances and scored five goals before leaving London Road for the final time on 25 January 1996.Manuel rejoined Gillingham, then flying high in the Third Division, on 26 January 1996. He helped the Gills to promotion to the Second Division with a second-place finish at the end of the 1995–96 season and made 11 appearances in 1996–97, before being released at the end of the campaign. In both his spells with Gillingham, Manuel made 118 appearances and scored four goals.Manuel dropped back down to the Third Division to sign for Barnet prior to the beginning of the 1997–98 season. He made 38 appearances and scored one goal before being released at the end of the 1998–99 season.Manuel dropped into non-League football in 1999 and signed for Southern League First Division East club Folkestone Invicta and helped the club to promotion to the Premier Division in his first season. He was released as part of a cost-cutting exercise in December 2000. He moved on to play for Horsham, Grays Athletic, Tonbridge Angels, Bromley, Windsor & Eton, Waltham Forest and Metrogas before retiring in 2005.While a player at Folkestone Invicta, Manuel was also the club's assistant manager.After his retirement from football, Manuel spent a period living in the USA before returning to his native Hackney to run a pub. He later worked in refurbishments.BrentfordGillinghamFolkestone InvictaIndividual
|
[
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Bromley F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Billy Manuel play for in Sep, 1996?
|
September 12, 1996
|
{
"text": [
"Gillingham F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q4912944_P54_5
|
Billy Manuel plays for Folkestone Invicta F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Billy Manuel plays for Tonbridge Angels F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Billy Manuel plays for Walthamstow F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Billy Manuel plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Billy Manuel plays for Cambridge United F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Billy Manuel plays for Windsor & Eton F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Brentford F.C. from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Stevenage F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Horsham F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1989.
Billy Manuel plays for Bromley F.C. from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Gillingham F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1997.
Billy Manuel plays for Grays Athletic F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Barnet F.C. from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999.
|
Billy ManuelWilliam Albert James Manuel (born 28 June 1969) is an English retired professional football left back and midfielder, best remembered for his time in the Football League with Brentford and Gillingham. His tenacious performances in midfield for Brentford led to the nickname 'Billy the Pit Bull'.Manuel began his career in the youth systems at First Division clubs Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur, before dropping down to the Third Division to sign for Gillingham on 10 February 1989. His addition to the squad failed to help the struggling club avoid relegation to the Fourth Division at the end of the 1988–89 season and Manuel remained at Priestfield for two more forgettable seasons before leaving in June 1991. He made 97 appearances and scored four goals for the Gills.Manuel moved back up to the Third Division to sign for Brentford in a £60,000 deal on 14 June 1991, to bring stability to the left back position. He made 45 appearances during the 1991–92 season and won the first silverware of his career when the Third Division title was clinched at the end of the campaign. In the newly renamed First Division, Manuel moved into the midfield and impressed enough to be voted the Brentford supporters' Player of the Year at the end of the season, though it would end in disappointment with relegation straight back to the Second Division. New manager David Webb installed Manuel as captain for the 1993–94 season and moved him to left back, though he gradually fell out of favour and was released in August 1994. Manuel made 115 appearances and scored two goals during three seasons with Brentford.Manuel signed for Second Division club Peterborough United on a short-term contract on 16 September 1994. He failed to make an appearance before departing on 28 October.Manuel joined high-flying Conference club Stevenage Borough on loan in late September 1994. He made three appearances before leaving Broadhall Way.Manuel signed for Second Division strugglers Cambridge United on a three-month contract on 28 October 1994. He made 12 appearances before his contract expired.Manuel re-signed for Peterborough United on 28 February 1995, four months after leaving the club. He made 35 appearances and scored five goals before leaving London Road for the final time on 25 January 1996.Manuel rejoined Gillingham, then flying high in the Third Division, on 26 January 1996. He helped the Gills to promotion to the Second Division with a second-place finish at the end of the 1995–96 season and made 11 appearances in 1996–97, before being released at the end of the campaign. In both his spells with Gillingham, Manuel made 118 appearances and scored four goals.Manuel dropped back down to the Third Division to sign for Barnet prior to the beginning of the 1997–98 season. He made 38 appearances and scored one goal before being released at the end of the 1998–99 season.Manuel dropped into non-League football in 1999 and signed for Southern League First Division East club Folkestone Invicta and helped the club to promotion to the Premier Division in his first season. He was released as part of a cost-cutting exercise in December 2000. He moved on to play for Horsham, Grays Athletic, Tonbridge Angels, Bromley, Windsor & Eton, Waltham Forest and Metrogas before retiring in 2005.While a player at Folkestone Invicta, Manuel was also the club's assistant manager.After his retirement from football, Manuel spent a period living in the USA before returning to his native Hackney to run a pub. He later worked in refurbishments.BrentfordGillinghamFolkestone InvictaIndividual
|
[
"Brentford F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Bromley F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Billy Manuel play for in Aug, 1997?
|
August 25, 1997
|
{
"text": [
"Barnet F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q4912944_P54_6
|
Billy Manuel plays for Gillingham F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1997.
Billy Manuel plays for Cambridge United F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Billy Manuel plays for Barnet F.C. from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999.
Billy Manuel plays for Tonbridge Angels F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Billy Manuel plays for Walthamstow F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Billy Manuel plays for Windsor & Eton F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1989.
Billy Manuel plays for Stevenage F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Bromley F.C. from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Brentford F.C. from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Folkestone Invicta F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Billy Manuel plays for Horsham F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Billy Manuel plays for Grays Athletic F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
|
Billy ManuelWilliam Albert James Manuel (born 28 June 1969) is an English retired professional football left back and midfielder, best remembered for his time in the Football League with Brentford and Gillingham. His tenacious performances in midfield for Brentford led to the nickname 'Billy the Pit Bull'.Manuel began his career in the youth systems at First Division clubs Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur, before dropping down to the Third Division to sign for Gillingham on 10 February 1989. His addition to the squad failed to help the struggling club avoid relegation to the Fourth Division at the end of the 1988–89 season and Manuel remained at Priestfield for two more forgettable seasons before leaving in June 1991. He made 97 appearances and scored four goals for the Gills.Manuel moved back up to the Third Division to sign for Brentford in a £60,000 deal on 14 June 1991, to bring stability to the left back position. He made 45 appearances during the 1991–92 season and won the first silverware of his career when the Third Division title was clinched at the end of the campaign. In the newly renamed First Division, Manuel moved into the midfield and impressed enough to be voted the Brentford supporters' Player of the Year at the end of the season, though it would end in disappointment with relegation straight back to the Second Division. New manager David Webb installed Manuel as captain for the 1993–94 season and moved him to left back, though he gradually fell out of favour and was released in August 1994. Manuel made 115 appearances and scored two goals during three seasons with Brentford.Manuel signed for Second Division club Peterborough United on a short-term contract on 16 September 1994. He failed to make an appearance before departing on 28 October.Manuel joined high-flying Conference club Stevenage Borough on loan in late September 1994. He made three appearances before leaving Broadhall Way.Manuel signed for Second Division strugglers Cambridge United on a three-month contract on 28 October 1994. He made 12 appearances before his contract expired.Manuel re-signed for Peterborough United on 28 February 1995, four months after leaving the club. He made 35 appearances and scored five goals before leaving London Road for the final time on 25 January 1996.Manuel rejoined Gillingham, then flying high in the Third Division, on 26 January 1996. He helped the Gills to promotion to the Second Division with a second-place finish at the end of the 1995–96 season and made 11 appearances in 1996–97, before being released at the end of the campaign. In both his spells with Gillingham, Manuel made 118 appearances and scored four goals.Manuel dropped back down to the Third Division to sign for Barnet prior to the beginning of the 1997–98 season. He made 38 appearances and scored one goal before being released at the end of the 1998–99 season.Manuel dropped into non-League football in 1999 and signed for Southern League First Division East club Folkestone Invicta and helped the club to promotion to the Premier Division in his first season. He was released as part of a cost-cutting exercise in December 2000. He moved on to play for Horsham, Grays Athletic, Tonbridge Angels, Bromley, Windsor & Eton, Waltham Forest and Metrogas before retiring in 2005.While a player at Folkestone Invicta, Manuel was also the club's assistant manager.After his retirement from football, Manuel spent a period living in the USA before returning to his native Hackney to run a pub. He later worked in refurbishments.BrentfordGillinghamFolkestone InvictaIndividual
|
[
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Bromley F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Billy Manuel play for in May, 1999?
|
May 24, 1999
|
{
"text": [
"Folkestone Invicta F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q4912944_P54_7
|
Billy Manuel plays for Stevenage F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Bromley F.C. from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Tonbridge Angels F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Billy Manuel plays for Barnet F.C. from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999.
Billy Manuel plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Billy Manuel plays for Cambridge United F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Billy Manuel plays for Folkestone Invicta F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Billy Manuel plays for Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1989.
Billy Manuel plays for Gillingham F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1997.
Billy Manuel plays for Windsor & Eton F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Brentford F.C. from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Horsham F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Walthamstow F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Billy Manuel plays for Grays Athletic F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
|
Billy ManuelWilliam Albert James Manuel (born 28 June 1969) is an English retired professional football left back and midfielder, best remembered for his time in the Football League with Brentford and Gillingham. His tenacious performances in midfield for Brentford led to the nickname 'Billy the Pit Bull'.Manuel began his career in the youth systems at First Division clubs Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur, before dropping down to the Third Division to sign for Gillingham on 10 February 1989. His addition to the squad failed to help the struggling club avoid relegation to the Fourth Division at the end of the 1988–89 season and Manuel remained at Priestfield for two more forgettable seasons before leaving in June 1991. He made 97 appearances and scored four goals for the Gills.Manuel moved back up to the Third Division to sign for Brentford in a £60,000 deal on 14 June 1991, to bring stability to the left back position. He made 45 appearances during the 1991–92 season and won the first silverware of his career when the Third Division title was clinched at the end of the campaign. In the newly renamed First Division, Manuel moved into the midfield and impressed enough to be voted the Brentford supporters' Player of the Year at the end of the season, though it would end in disappointment with relegation straight back to the Second Division. New manager David Webb installed Manuel as captain for the 1993–94 season and moved him to left back, though he gradually fell out of favour and was released in August 1994. Manuel made 115 appearances and scored two goals during three seasons with Brentford.Manuel signed for Second Division club Peterborough United on a short-term contract on 16 September 1994. He failed to make an appearance before departing on 28 October.Manuel joined high-flying Conference club Stevenage Borough on loan in late September 1994. He made three appearances before leaving Broadhall Way.Manuel signed for Second Division strugglers Cambridge United on a three-month contract on 28 October 1994. He made 12 appearances before his contract expired.Manuel re-signed for Peterborough United on 28 February 1995, four months after leaving the club. He made 35 appearances and scored five goals before leaving London Road for the final time on 25 January 1996.Manuel rejoined Gillingham, then flying high in the Third Division, on 26 January 1996. He helped the Gills to promotion to the Second Division with a second-place finish at the end of the 1995–96 season and made 11 appearances in 1996–97, before being released at the end of the campaign. In both his spells with Gillingham, Manuel made 118 appearances and scored four goals.Manuel dropped back down to the Third Division to sign for Barnet prior to the beginning of the 1997–98 season. He made 38 appearances and scored one goal before being released at the end of the 1998–99 season.Manuel dropped into non-League football in 1999 and signed for Southern League First Division East club Folkestone Invicta and helped the club to promotion to the Premier Division in his first season. He was released as part of a cost-cutting exercise in December 2000. He moved on to play for Horsham, Grays Athletic, Tonbridge Angels, Bromley, Windsor & Eton, Waltham Forest and Metrogas before retiring in 2005.While a player at Folkestone Invicta, Manuel was also the club's assistant manager.After his retirement from football, Manuel spent a period living in the USA before returning to his native Hackney to run a pub. He later worked in refurbishments.BrentfordGillinghamFolkestone InvictaIndividual
|
[
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Bromley F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Billy Manuel play for in Jan, 2001?
|
January 01, 2001
|
{
"text": [
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q4912944_P54_8
|
Billy Manuel plays for Cambridge United F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Billy Manuel plays for Tonbridge Angels F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Billy Manuel plays for Walthamstow F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Billy Manuel plays for Windsor & Eton F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Folkestone Invicta F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Billy Manuel plays for Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1989.
Billy Manuel plays for Barnet F.C. from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999.
Billy Manuel plays for Grays Athletic F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Gillingham F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1997.
Billy Manuel plays for Brentford F.C. from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Billy Manuel plays for Bromley F.C. from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Horsham F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Stevenage F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1994.
|
Billy ManuelWilliam Albert James Manuel (born 28 June 1969) is an English retired professional football left back and midfielder, best remembered for his time in the Football League with Brentford and Gillingham. His tenacious performances in midfield for Brentford led to the nickname 'Billy the Pit Bull'.Manuel began his career in the youth systems at First Division clubs Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur, before dropping down to the Third Division to sign for Gillingham on 10 February 1989. His addition to the squad failed to help the struggling club avoid relegation to the Fourth Division at the end of the 1988–89 season and Manuel remained at Priestfield for two more forgettable seasons before leaving in June 1991. He made 97 appearances and scored four goals for the Gills.Manuel moved back up to the Third Division to sign for Brentford in a £60,000 deal on 14 June 1991, to bring stability to the left back position. He made 45 appearances during the 1991–92 season and won the first silverware of his career when the Third Division title was clinched at the end of the campaign. In the newly renamed First Division, Manuel moved into the midfield and impressed enough to be voted the Brentford supporters' Player of the Year at the end of the season, though it would end in disappointment with relegation straight back to the Second Division. New manager David Webb installed Manuel as captain for the 1993–94 season and moved him to left back, though he gradually fell out of favour and was released in August 1994. Manuel made 115 appearances and scored two goals during three seasons with Brentford.Manuel signed for Second Division club Peterborough United on a short-term contract on 16 September 1994. He failed to make an appearance before departing on 28 October.Manuel joined high-flying Conference club Stevenage Borough on loan in late September 1994. He made three appearances before leaving Broadhall Way.Manuel signed for Second Division strugglers Cambridge United on a three-month contract on 28 October 1994. He made 12 appearances before his contract expired.Manuel re-signed for Peterborough United on 28 February 1995, four months after leaving the club. He made 35 appearances and scored five goals before leaving London Road for the final time on 25 January 1996.Manuel rejoined Gillingham, then flying high in the Third Division, on 26 January 1996. He helped the Gills to promotion to the Second Division with a second-place finish at the end of the 1995–96 season and made 11 appearances in 1996–97, before being released at the end of the campaign. In both his spells with Gillingham, Manuel made 118 appearances and scored four goals.Manuel dropped back down to the Third Division to sign for Barnet prior to the beginning of the 1997–98 season. He made 38 appearances and scored one goal before being released at the end of the 1998–99 season.Manuel dropped into non-League football in 1999 and signed for Southern League First Division East club Folkestone Invicta and helped the club to promotion to the Premier Division in his first season. He was released as part of a cost-cutting exercise in December 2000. He moved on to play for Horsham, Grays Athletic, Tonbridge Angels, Bromley, Windsor & Eton, Waltham Forest and Metrogas before retiring in 2005.While a player at Folkestone Invicta, Manuel was also the club's assistant manager.After his retirement from football, Manuel spent a period living in the USA before returning to his native Hackney to run a pub. He later worked in refurbishments.BrentfordGillinghamFolkestone InvictaIndividual
|
[
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Bromley F.C.",
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Bromley F.C.",
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Bromley F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Billy Manuel play for in Jan, 2001?
|
January 01, 2001
|
{
"text": [
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q4912944_P54_9
|
Billy Manuel plays for Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1989.
Billy Manuel plays for Cambridge United F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Billy Manuel plays for Barnet F.C. from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999.
Billy Manuel plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Billy Manuel plays for Tonbridge Angels F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Billy Manuel plays for Horsham F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Folkestone Invicta F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Billy Manuel plays for Grays Athletic F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Windsor & Eton F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Gillingham F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1997.
Billy Manuel plays for Stevenage F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Bromley F.C. from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Walthamstow F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Billy Manuel plays for Brentford F.C. from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1994.
|
Billy ManuelWilliam Albert James Manuel (born 28 June 1969) is an English retired professional football left back and midfielder, best remembered for his time in the Football League with Brentford and Gillingham. His tenacious performances in midfield for Brentford led to the nickname 'Billy the Pit Bull'.Manuel began his career in the youth systems at First Division clubs Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur, before dropping down to the Third Division to sign for Gillingham on 10 February 1989. His addition to the squad failed to help the struggling club avoid relegation to the Fourth Division at the end of the 1988–89 season and Manuel remained at Priestfield for two more forgettable seasons before leaving in June 1991. He made 97 appearances and scored four goals for the Gills.Manuel moved back up to the Third Division to sign for Brentford in a £60,000 deal on 14 June 1991, to bring stability to the left back position. He made 45 appearances during the 1991–92 season and won the first silverware of his career when the Third Division title was clinched at the end of the campaign. In the newly renamed First Division, Manuel moved into the midfield and impressed enough to be voted the Brentford supporters' Player of the Year at the end of the season, though it would end in disappointment with relegation straight back to the Second Division. New manager David Webb installed Manuel as captain for the 1993–94 season and moved him to left back, though he gradually fell out of favour and was released in August 1994. Manuel made 115 appearances and scored two goals during three seasons with Brentford.Manuel signed for Second Division club Peterborough United on a short-term contract on 16 September 1994. He failed to make an appearance before departing on 28 October.Manuel joined high-flying Conference club Stevenage Borough on loan in late September 1994. He made three appearances before leaving Broadhall Way.Manuel signed for Second Division strugglers Cambridge United on a three-month contract on 28 October 1994. He made 12 appearances before his contract expired.Manuel re-signed for Peterborough United on 28 February 1995, four months after leaving the club. He made 35 appearances and scored five goals before leaving London Road for the final time on 25 January 1996.Manuel rejoined Gillingham, then flying high in the Third Division, on 26 January 1996. He helped the Gills to promotion to the Second Division with a second-place finish at the end of the 1995–96 season and made 11 appearances in 1996–97, before being released at the end of the campaign. In both his spells with Gillingham, Manuel made 118 appearances and scored four goals.Manuel dropped back down to the Third Division to sign for Barnet prior to the beginning of the 1997–98 season. He made 38 appearances and scored one goal before being released at the end of the 1998–99 season.Manuel dropped into non-League football in 1999 and signed for Southern League First Division East club Folkestone Invicta and helped the club to promotion to the Premier Division in his first season. He was released as part of a cost-cutting exercise in December 2000. He moved on to play for Horsham, Grays Athletic, Tonbridge Angels, Bromley, Windsor & Eton, Waltham Forest and Metrogas before retiring in 2005.While a player at Folkestone Invicta, Manuel was also the club's assistant manager.After his retirement from football, Manuel spent a period living in the USA before returning to his native Hackney to run a pub. He later worked in refurbishments.BrentfordGillinghamFolkestone InvictaIndividual
|
[
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Bromley F.C.",
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Bromley F.C.",
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Bromley F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Billy Manuel play for in Dec, 2001?
|
December 05, 2001
|
{
"text": [
"Tonbridge Angels F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q4912944_P54_10
|
Billy Manuel plays for Walthamstow F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Billy Manuel plays for Bromley F.C. from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Barnet F.C. from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999.
Billy Manuel plays for Folkestone Invicta F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Billy Manuel plays for Grays Athletic F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Windsor & Eton F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Tonbridge Angels F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Billy Manuel plays for Gillingham F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1997.
Billy Manuel plays for Cambridge United F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Billy Manuel plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Billy Manuel plays for Horsham F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Stevenage F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Brentford F.C. from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1989.
|
Billy ManuelWilliam Albert James Manuel (born 28 June 1969) is an English retired professional football left back and midfielder, best remembered for his time in the Football League with Brentford and Gillingham. His tenacious performances in midfield for Brentford led to the nickname 'Billy the Pit Bull'.Manuel began his career in the youth systems at First Division clubs Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur, before dropping down to the Third Division to sign for Gillingham on 10 February 1989. His addition to the squad failed to help the struggling club avoid relegation to the Fourth Division at the end of the 1988–89 season and Manuel remained at Priestfield for two more forgettable seasons before leaving in June 1991. He made 97 appearances and scored four goals for the Gills.Manuel moved back up to the Third Division to sign for Brentford in a £60,000 deal on 14 June 1991, to bring stability to the left back position. He made 45 appearances during the 1991–92 season and won the first silverware of his career when the Third Division title was clinched at the end of the campaign. In the newly renamed First Division, Manuel moved into the midfield and impressed enough to be voted the Brentford supporters' Player of the Year at the end of the season, though it would end in disappointment with relegation straight back to the Second Division. New manager David Webb installed Manuel as captain for the 1993–94 season and moved him to left back, though he gradually fell out of favour and was released in August 1994. Manuel made 115 appearances and scored two goals during three seasons with Brentford.Manuel signed for Second Division club Peterborough United on a short-term contract on 16 September 1994. He failed to make an appearance before departing on 28 October.Manuel joined high-flying Conference club Stevenage Borough on loan in late September 1994. He made three appearances before leaving Broadhall Way.Manuel signed for Second Division strugglers Cambridge United on a three-month contract on 28 October 1994. He made 12 appearances before his contract expired.Manuel re-signed for Peterborough United on 28 February 1995, four months after leaving the club. He made 35 appearances and scored five goals before leaving London Road for the final time on 25 January 1996.Manuel rejoined Gillingham, then flying high in the Third Division, on 26 January 1996. He helped the Gills to promotion to the Second Division with a second-place finish at the end of the 1995–96 season and made 11 appearances in 1996–97, before being released at the end of the campaign. In both his spells with Gillingham, Manuel made 118 appearances and scored four goals.Manuel dropped back down to the Third Division to sign for Barnet prior to the beginning of the 1997–98 season. He made 38 appearances and scored one goal before being released at the end of the 1998–99 season.Manuel dropped into non-League football in 1999 and signed for Southern League First Division East club Folkestone Invicta and helped the club to promotion to the Premier Division in his first season. He was released as part of a cost-cutting exercise in December 2000. He moved on to play for Horsham, Grays Athletic, Tonbridge Angels, Bromley, Windsor & Eton, Waltham Forest and Metrogas before retiring in 2005.While a player at Folkestone Invicta, Manuel was also the club's assistant manager.After his retirement from football, Manuel spent a period living in the USA before returning to his native Hackney to run a pub. He later worked in refurbishments.BrentfordGillinghamFolkestone InvictaIndividual
|
[
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Bromley F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Billy Manuel play for in May, 2002?
|
May 10, 2002
|
{
"text": [
"Bromley F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q4912944_P54_11
|
Billy Manuel plays for Cambridge United F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Billy Manuel plays for Tonbridge Angels F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Billy Manuel plays for Grays Athletic F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Billy Manuel plays for Windsor & Eton F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Bromley F.C. from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Barnet F.C. from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999.
Billy Manuel plays for Gillingham F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1997.
Billy Manuel plays for Horsham F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Walthamstow F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Billy Manuel plays for Stevenage F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1989.
Billy Manuel plays for Brentford F.C. from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Folkestone Invicta F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
|
Billy ManuelWilliam Albert James Manuel (born 28 June 1969) is an English retired professional football left back and midfielder, best remembered for his time in the Football League with Brentford and Gillingham. His tenacious performances in midfield for Brentford led to the nickname 'Billy the Pit Bull'.Manuel began his career in the youth systems at First Division clubs Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur, before dropping down to the Third Division to sign for Gillingham on 10 February 1989. His addition to the squad failed to help the struggling club avoid relegation to the Fourth Division at the end of the 1988–89 season and Manuel remained at Priestfield for two more forgettable seasons before leaving in June 1991. He made 97 appearances and scored four goals for the Gills.Manuel moved back up to the Third Division to sign for Brentford in a £60,000 deal on 14 June 1991, to bring stability to the left back position. He made 45 appearances during the 1991–92 season and won the first silverware of his career when the Third Division title was clinched at the end of the campaign. In the newly renamed First Division, Manuel moved into the midfield and impressed enough to be voted the Brentford supporters' Player of the Year at the end of the season, though it would end in disappointment with relegation straight back to the Second Division. New manager David Webb installed Manuel as captain for the 1993–94 season and moved him to left back, though he gradually fell out of favour and was released in August 1994. Manuel made 115 appearances and scored two goals during three seasons with Brentford.Manuel signed for Second Division club Peterborough United on a short-term contract on 16 September 1994. He failed to make an appearance before departing on 28 October.Manuel joined high-flying Conference club Stevenage Borough on loan in late September 1994. He made three appearances before leaving Broadhall Way.Manuel signed for Second Division strugglers Cambridge United on a three-month contract on 28 October 1994. He made 12 appearances before his contract expired.Manuel re-signed for Peterborough United on 28 February 1995, four months after leaving the club. He made 35 appearances and scored five goals before leaving London Road for the final time on 25 January 1996.Manuel rejoined Gillingham, then flying high in the Third Division, on 26 January 1996. He helped the Gills to promotion to the Second Division with a second-place finish at the end of the 1995–96 season and made 11 appearances in 1996–97, before being released at the end of the campaign. In both his spells with Gillingham, Manuel made 118 appearances and scored four goals.Manuel dropped back down to the Third Division to sign for Barnet prior to the beginning of the 1997–98 season. He made 38 appearances and scored one goal before being released at the end of the 1998–99 season.Manuel dropped into non-League football in 1999 and signed for Southern League First Division East club Folkestone Invicta and helped the club to promotion to the Premier Division in his first season. He was released as part of a cost-cutting exercise in December 2000. He moved on to play for Horsham, Grays Athletic, Tonbridge Angels, Bromley, Windsor & Eton, Waltham Forest and Metrogas before retiring in 2005.While a player at Folkestone Invicta, Manuel was also the club's assistant manager.After his retirement from football, Manuel spent a period living in the USA before returning to his native Hackney to run a pub. He later worked in refurbishments.BrentfordGillinghamFolkestone InvictaIndividual
|
[
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Billy Manuel play for in Jan, 2003?
|
January 01, 2003
|
{
"text": [
"Walthamstow F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Bromley F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q4912944_P54_12
|
Billy Manuel plays for Tonbridge Angels F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Billy Manuel plays for Folkestone Invicta F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Billy Manuel plays for Gillingham F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1997.
Billy Manuel plays for Bromley F.C. from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1989.
Billy Manuel plays for Cambridge United F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Billy Manuel plays for Grays Athletic F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Walthamstow F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Billy Manuel plays for Windsor & Eton F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Brentford F.C. from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Horsham F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Stevenage F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Barnet F.C. from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999.
Billy Manuel plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
|
Billy ManuelWilliam Albert James Manuel (born 28 June 1969) is an English retired professional football left back and midfielder, best remembered for his time in the Football League with Brentford and Gillingham. His tenacious performances in midfield for Brentford led to the nickname 'Billy the Pit Bull'.Manuel began his career in the youth systems at First Division clubs Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur, before dropping down to the Third Division to sign for Gillingham on 10 February 1989. His addition to the squad failed to help the struggling club avoid relegation to the Fourth Division at the end of the 1988–89 season and Manuel remained at Priestfield for two more forgettable seasons before leaving in June 1991. He made 97 appearances and scored four goals for the Gills.Manuel moved back up to the Third Division to sign for Brentford in a £60,000 deal on 14 June 1991, to bring stability to the left back position. He made 45 appearances during the 1991–92 season and won the first silverware of his career when the Third Division title was clinched at the end of the campaign. In the newly renamed First Division, Manuel moved into the midfield and impressed enough to be voted the Brentford supporters' Player of the Year at the end of the season, though it would end in disappointment with relegation straight back to the Second Division. New manager David Webb installed Manuel as captain for the 1993–94 season and moved him to left back, though he gradually fell out of favour and was released in August 1994. Manuel made 115 appearances and scored two goals during three seasons with Brentford.Manuel signed for Second Division club Peterborough United on a short-term contract on 16 September 1994. He failed to make an appearance before departing on 28 October.Manuel joined high-flying Conference club Stevenage Borough on loan in late September 1994. He made three appearances before leaving Broadhall Way.Manuel signed for Second Division strugglers Cambridge United on a three-month contract on 28 October 1994. He made 12 appearances before his contract expired.Manuel re-signed for Peterborough United on 28 February 1995, four months after leaving the club. He made 35 appearances and scored five goals before leaving London Road for the final time on 25 January 1996.Manuel rejoined Gillingham, then flying high in the Third Division, on 26 January 1996. He helped the Gills to promotion to the Second Division with a second-place finish at the end of the 1995–96 season and made 11 appearances in 1996–97, before being released at the end of the campaign. In both his spells with Gillingham, Manuel made 118 appearances and scored four goals.Manuel dropped back down to the Third Division to sign for Barnet prior to the beginning of the 1997–98 season. He made 38 appearances and scored one goal before being released at the end of the 1998–99 season.Manuel dropped into non-League football in 1999 and signed for Southern League First Division East club Folkestone Invicta and helped the club to promotion to the Premier Division in his first season. He was released as part of a cost-cutting exercise in December 2000. He moved on to play for Horsham, Grays Athletic, Tonbridge Angels, Bromley, Windsor & Eton, Waltham Forest and Metrogas before retiring in 2005.While a player at Folkestone Invicta, Manuel was also the club's assistant manager.After his retirement from football, Manuel spent a period living in the USA before returning to his native Hackney to run a pub. He later worked in refurbishments.BrentfordGillinghamFolkestone InvictaIndividual
|
[
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C.",
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C.",
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C."
] |
|
Which team did Billy Manuel play for in May, 2003?
|
May 13, 2003
|
{
"text": [
"Walthamstow F.C."
]
}
|
L2_Q4912944_P54_13
|
Billy Manuel plays for Cambridge United F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1995.
Billy Manuel plays for Folkestone Invicta F.C. from Jan, 1999 to Jan, 2000.
Billy Manuel plays for Walthamstow F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2004.
Billy Manuel plays for Barnet F.C. from Jan, 1997 to Jan, 1999.
Billy Manuel plays for Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from Jan, 1987 to Jan, 1989.
Billy Manuel plays for Bromley F.C. from Jan, 2002 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Gillingham F.C. from Jan, 1996 to Jan, 1997.
Billy Manuel plays for Brentford F.C. from Jan, 1991 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Stevenage F.C. from Jan, 1994 to Jan, 1994.
Billy Manuel plays for Horsham F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
Billy Manuel plays for Peterborough United F.C. from Jan, 1995 to Jan, 1996.
Billy Manuel plays for Tonbridge Angels F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2002.
Billy Manuel plays for Windsor & Eton F.C. from Jan, 2003 to Jan, 2003.
Billy Manuel plays for Grays Athletic F.C. from Jan, 2001 to Jan, 2001.
|
Billy ManuelWilliam Albert James Manuel (born 28 June 1969) is an English retired professional football left back and midfielder, best remembered for his time in the Football League with Brentford and Gillingham. His tenacious performances in midfield for Brentford led to the nickname 'Billy the Pit Bull'.Manuel began his career in the youth systems at First Division clubs Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur, before dropping down to the Third Division to sign for Gillingham on 10 February 1989. His addition to the squad failed to help the struggling club avoid relegation to the Fourth Division at the end of the 1988–89 season and Manuel remained at Priestfield for two more forgettable seasons before leaving in June 1991. He made 97 appearances and scored four goals for the Gills.Manuel moved back up to the Third Division to sign for Brentford in a £60,000 deal on 14 June 1991, to bring stability to the left back position. He made 45 appearances during the 1991–92 season and won the first silverware of his career when the Third Division title was clinched at the end of the campaign. In the newly renamed First Division, Manuel moved into the midfield and impressed enough to be voted the Brentford supporters' Player of the Year at the end of the season, though it would end in disappointment with relegation straight back to the Second Division. New manager David Webb installed Manuel as captain for the 1993–94 season and moved him to left back, though he gradually fell out of favour and was released in August 1994. Manuel made 115 appearances and scored two goals during three seasons with Brentford.Manuel signed for Second Division club Peterborough United on a short-term contract on 16 September 1994. He failed to make an appearance before departing on 28 October.Manuel joined high-flying Conference club Stevenage Borough on loan in late September 1994. He made three appearances before leaving Broadhall Way.Manuel signed for Second Division strugglers Cambridge United on a three-month contract on 28 October 1994. He made 12 appearances before his contract expired.Manuel re-signed for Peterborough United on 28 February 1995, four months after leaving the club. He made 35 appearances and scored five goals before leaving London Road for the final time on 25 January 1996.Manuel rejoined Gillingham, then flying high in the Third Division, on 26 January 1996. He helped the Gills to promotion to the Second Division with a second-place finish at the end of the 1995–96 season and made 11 appearances in 1996–97, before being released at the end of the campaign. In both his spells with Gillingham, Manuel made 118 appearances and scored four goals.Manuel dropped back down to the Third Division to sign for Barnet prior to the beginning of the 1997–98 season. He made 38 appearances and scored one goal before being released at the end of the 1998–99 season.Manuel dropped into non-League football in 1999 and signed for Southern League First Division East club Folkestone Invicta and helped the club to promotion to the Premier Division in his first season. He was released as part of a cost-cutting exercise in December 2000. He moved on to play for Horsham, Grays Athletic, Tonbridge Angels, Bromley, Windsor & Eton, Waltham Forest and Metrogas before retiring in 2005.While a player at Folkestone Invicta, Manuel was also the club's assistant manager.After his retirement from football, Manuel spent a period living in the USA before returning to his native Hackney to run a pub. He later worked in refurbishments.BrentfordGillinghamFolkestone InvictaIndividual
|
[
"Brentford F.C.",
"Gillingham F.C.",
"Horsham F.C.",
"Tonbridge Angels F.C.",
"Stevenage F.C.",
"Cambridge United F.C.",
"Folkestone Invicta F.C.",
"Bromley F.C.",
"Windsor & Eton F.C.",
"Barnet F.C.",
"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.",
"Grays Athletic F.C.",
"Peterborough United F.C."
] |
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