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Encoder-decoder neural models (Sutskever et al., 2014) are a generic deep-learning approach to sequence-to-sequence translation (Seq2Seq) tasks. They encode an input sequence into a vector representation from which the decoder generates an output. These models have shown to achieve state-ofthe-art or at least highly co... | 0 |
The topological field model (Herling, 1821; Erdmann, 1886; Drach, 1937; Höhle, 1986) has traditionally been used to account for regularities in word order across different clause types of German. This model assumes that each clause type contains a left bracket (LK) and a right bracket (RK), which appear to the left and... | 0 |
The task of spoken language understanding (SLU) aims at extracting useful information from spoken utterances. Typically, SLU can be decomposed with a two-stage method: 1) an accurate automatic speech recognition (ASR) system transcribes the input speech into texts, and then 2) language understanding techniques are appl... | 0 |
Most work on humor detection approaches the problem as binary classification: humor or not humor. While this is a reasonable initial step, in practice humor is continuous, so we believe it is interesting to evaluate different degrees of humor, particularly as it relates to a given person's sense of humor. To further su... | 0 |
In the past decades, various OIE (Open Information Extraction) systems Yates et al., 2007; Wu and Weld, 2010; Mausam et al., 2012) have been developed to extract various types of facts. Earlier OIE systems extract verbal relations between entities, while more recent systems enlarge the types of relations. For example, ... | 0 |
Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR), introduced by Banarescu et al. (2012) , aims to capture the semantic meaning of sentences using directed acyclic graphs where nodes are labeled with concepts and edges are labeled with relations. An example is shown in Figure 1 . A number of recent studies use AMR graphs for downs... | 0 |
Cet article s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un projet de recherche (dont les premiers résultats sont décrits dans (Cartoni, 2005) , qui vise à la construction d'outils pour gérer les mots inconnus en traduction automatique (ci-après TA) et, particulièrement, les mots néologiques construits. Les expériences décrites dans le p... | 0 |
There has been remarkable progress in language modeling (Jozefowicz et al., 2016; Devlin et al., 2018; Radford et al., 2019) and building dialogue agents (Dinan et al., 2019a) . Nevertheless, the current state of the art uses only the statistical regularities of language data, without explicit understanding of the worl... | 0 |
The last decade has seen a massive increase in user generated content in social media. While most people are interested in connecting with family and friends and in exchanging experiences, there is an increasing number of posts that cross the line from sharing negative opinions to becoming abusive. Since the data is to... | 0 |
Revealing the sentiment behind a text is motivated by several reasons, e.g., to figure out how many opinions on a certain topic are positive or negative. Also, it could be interesting to span positivity and negativity across a n-point scale. As an example, a five-point scale is now widespread in digital scenarios where... | 0 |
A complex search task is defined as a "a multiaspect or a multi-step information need consisting of a set of related subtasks, each of which might recursively be complex" (Hassan Awadallah et al., 2014) . For example, a task of making arrangements for travel to a conference qualifies as a complex search task because th... | 0 |
In the past, speech recognition has mostly been applied to small domain tasks in which language constraints can be characterized by regular grammars. All the knowledge sources required to perform speech recognition and understanding, including acoustic, phonetic, lexical, syntactic and semantic levels of knowledge, are... | 0 |
A Chinese sentence consists of a sequence of characters that are not separated by spaces. The function of a Chinese character is not exactly the same as the function of an English word. Normally, two or more Chinese characters form a Chinese word to carry a meaning, although there are Chinese words that contain only on... | 0 |
In task-oriented conversational systems, dialogue state tracking refers to the problem of estimating a user's goals and requests at each turn of a dialogue. The state is typically defined by the underlying ontology of the domains represented in a dialogue, and a system's job is to learn accurate distributions for the v... | 0 |
Surface realization is the final step of an NLG system (Reiter and Dale, 2000) . The prior steps provide guidance on the content and structure of a sentence that is to be generated. The goal of this shared task is to generate sentences from structured data with high accuracy (Mille et al., 2020) . Once this goal has be... | 0 |
Rich models with latent variables are popular for many problems in natural language processing. In information extraction, for example, one needs to predict the relation labels y that an entity-pair x can have based on the hidden relation mentions h, i.e., the relation labels for occurrences of the entity-pair in a giv... | 0 |
In this paper, we show that for the constituent ordering problem in surface realization, incorporating insights from the minimal dependency length theory of language production (Temperley, 2007) into a discriminative realization ranking model yields significant improvements upon a state-of-the-art baseline. We demonstr... | 0 |
The internet has evolved to become one of the main sources of textual information for many people. Through social media, reviews, and comment sections across the internet, people are continuously consuming information through text.With this, racially biased content has become more entrenched within the language of the ... | 0 |
Statistical machine translation (SMT) (Brown et al., 1990) has been the dominant approach to automated translation for the last two decades, with neural machine translation (NMT) (Bahdanau et al., 2015) quickly becoming the new main paradigm in academic research and the industry, on the basis of the improvements it pro... | 0 |
In this paper we present a set of preliminary experiments on the combination of two knowledge-based partial syntactic analyzers with two state of the art data-driven statistical parsers. The experiments have been performed on the Basque Dependency Treebank (Aduriz et al., 2003) .In the last years, many attempts have be... | 0 |
Part-of-speech (pos) annotated reference corpora, such as the British National Corpus (Leech et al., 1994) , the Penn Treebank (Marcus et al., 1993) , or the German Negra Treebank (Skut et al., 1997) play an important role for current work in computational linguistics. They provide training material for research on tag... | 0 |
There exists a class of language constructs known as puns in natural language utterances and texts, and the speaker or writer intends for a certain word or other lexical item to be interpreted as simultaneously carrying two or more separate meanings. Though puns are an important feature in many discourse types, they ha... | 0 |
Electronic language corpora are some of the most essential resources both for contemporary linguistic research and the development of new language technology applications. They also present a challenge to Welsh and other Celtic languages as smaller languages that are invariably under-resourced with regards to the avail... | 0 |
Electronic lexical resources such as WordNet and FrameNet are used for a great variety of natural processing tasks, ranging from query expansion, to word sense disambiguation, text classification, or textual entailment. Some of these resources are also used by human users as on-line dictionaries; see the Princeton Word... | 0 |
Semantic perturbation through controlled text generation modifies sentences to match certain target attributes, such as verb tense or sentiment (e.g., pos-itive→negative). It has been widely applied to a variety of tasks, e.g., changing text style (Reid and Zhong, 2021) , mitigating dataset biases (Gardner et al., 2021... | 0 |
Disclaimer: Due to the nature of the paper, some examples herein contain highly offensive language and hate speech. They don't reflect the views of the authors in any way. This work is an attempt to help fight such speech.Much recent interest has focused on the detection of offensive language and hate speech in online ... | 0 |
The HOO 2012 shared task seeks to apply computational methods to the correction of certain types of errors in non-native English texts. The previous year's task, (Dale and Kilgarriff, 2011) , focused on a larger scale of errors and a corpus of academic articles. This year's task focuses on six error types in a corpus o... | 0 |
Text planning (or more broadly, document planning) can be divided into two stages. In the first stage, material is selected, perhaps from a knowledge base, and organized rhetorically. In the second stage, the rhetorical structure is realized by a text structure (or document structure), through which the material is dis... | 0 |
Events convey semantic information such as who did what to whom where and when. They also corefer to each other, playing a role of discourse connection points to form a coherent story. These aspects of events have been already utilized in a wide variety of natural language processing (NLP) applications, such as automat... | 0 |
Tagging polysemous word with its most frequent sense (MFS) is a popular back-off heuristic in word sense disambiguation (WSD) systems when the training data is inadequate. In past evaluations, MFS from WordNet performed even better than most of the unsupervised systems (Snyder and Palmer, 2004; Navigli et al., 2007) .M... | 0 |
Keyphrases are an effective way of summarizing document contents, useful for text categorization, document management, and search. Unlike keyphrase assignment, in which documents are assigned keyphrases from a predefined taxonomy, keyphrase extraction selects phrases from the text of the document. Extraction is preferr... | 0 |
Over the last few decades, probabilistic unification-based grammar parsing has been investigated intensively. Previous studies (Abney, 1997; Johnson et al., 1999; Kaplan et al., 2004; Malouf and van Noord, 2004; Miyao and Tsujii, 2005; Riezler et al., 2000 ) defined a probabilistic model of unification-based grammars, ... | 0 |
This paper presents the tagset used to annotate the predicate-argument structures of English verbs, adjectives, and nouns in the Berkeley FrameNet Project (NSF IR]-9618838, "Tools for LexiconBuilding"), a corpus-based computational lexicography project based on the theory of frame semantics (see Fillmore 1982) . It bri... | 0 |
Supervised machine learning techniques lie at the core of many robust Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems and components. The dissemination of such methodologies is however hindered by the lack of appropriate supervision data, which are costly to produce and only available for a restricted number of genres, tasks... | 0 |
Syntactic parse trees have demonstrated their importance in several downstream NLP applications such as machine translation (Eriguchi et al., 2017; Zaremoodi and Haffari, 2018) , natural language inference (NLI) (Choi et al., 2018) , relation extraction (Gamallo et al., 2012 ) and text classification (Tai et al., 2015)... | 0 |
Agents that can learn by communicating with human have many potential benefits for human-agent interaction in real world situations, including making it easier for ordinary people to integrate agents into their daily activities. Agents that can communicate to learn games could help us understand how to design agents th... | 0 |
Social media sites have become a popular source of information to analyze current opinions of numerous people. Many researchers have worked to realize various automated analytical methods for social media because manual analysis of such vast amounts of data is difficult. Geolocation prediction is one such analytical me... | 0 |
This study is part of ProjecTA, a project financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FFI2013-46041-R). ProjecTA works from the premise that the progressive implementation of MT-related services and processes in companies is radically changing the profile of professional translators. Market researc... | 0 |
Parallel data required to train Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems is often inadequate, and is typically collected opportunistically from wherever it is available. The conventional wisdom is that more data improves the translation quality. Additional data however, may not be best suited for tasks such as tra... | 0 |
There are several requirements for stance detecting applications on the internet. However it is unpractical for humans to classify massive amounts of tweets. Twitter stance detection aims to automatically determine the emotional tendency of tweets. To classify tweets polarity, mainstream approaches are based on Pang (P... | 0 |
Sentiment Analysis (also known as Opinion Mining) refers to the problem of identifying the dominant sentiment in a given piece of text. The sentiment is usually modeled as a categorical variable with three values: positive, negative, and neutral. With the proliferation of social media data such as blogs, news articles ... | 0 |
This paper describes the Universitat d'Alacant submissions to the WMT 2019 news translation task. Our two submissions address the low-resource English-to-Kazakh language pair, for which only a few thousand in-domain parallel sentences are available.In order to build competitive neural machine translation (NMT) systems,... | 0 |
Detecting semantic similarity is done well by state-of-the-art models. However, if the model is only good at similarity detection, it would have a limited practical usage (Krebs et al., 2018) , since the task of understanding the semantics of words cannot be done without capturing semantic differences.Semantic differen... | 0 |
Visual Dialog (VD) is a task that combines natural language understanding grounded in vision with dialog. Being visual, VD is closely related to the area of Visual Question Answering (VQA). On VQA, important progress has been obtained recently with models that connect vision and language and are pre-trained on a variet... | 0 |
It is estimated that each year 800,000 die by suicide worldwide (World Health Organization, 2001 ). In the United States, suicide ranks second as the leading cause of death among 25-34 year-olds and the third leading cause of death among 15-25 year-olds (Kung et al., 2008) . The challenge for those who care for suicide... | 0 |
Sentence-aligned parallel corpus is an important resource for empirical natural language tasks such as statistical machine translation and cross-lingual information retrieval. Recent work has shown that even parallel sentences extracted from comparable corpora helps improve machine translation qualities (Munteanu and M... | 0 |
The Internet is now an important forum where people can express their opinions without formality and constraint. Online services such as blogs and Twitter replace private diaries, and political debates are frequently opened in the reply pages of news articles. For this reason, sentiment analysis which automatically ext... | 0 |
Multidocument summarization (MDS) research efforts have resulted in significant advancements in algorithm and system design (Mani, 2001 ). Many of these efforts have focused on summarizing news articles, but not significantly explored the research issues arising from processing educational content to support pedagogica... | 0 |
Statistical machine translation (SMT) has made rapid progress in recent years with the support of large quantities of parallel corpora. It's quite common that we use millions of bilingual parallel sentences to train a statistical machine translation system. Unfortunately, large parallel corpora are not always available... | 0 |
Contextualised word embeddings have significantly improved performance in numerous natural language processing (NLP) applications (Devlin et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2019; Clark et al., 2020) and have established as the de facto standard for input text representations. Compared to static word embeddings (Pennington et al... | 0 |
Pre-trained language models have been widely used for commonsense question answering. Finetuning pre-trained models on task-specific data produces many state-of-the-art results (Wang et al., 2020; Figure 1: Two examples of commonsense question answering, where the baseline (Pro-A) is oversensitive to lexical perturbat... | 0 |
While contextualized embeddings obtained from recent transformer-based models such as BERT (Devlin et al., 2019) have proven to contain a lot of semantic and syntactic information about the tokens they encode, recent studies have shown that there are still gaps in their understanding (Rogers et al., 2020) . On the sema... | 0 |
Underspecification is nowadays the standard approach to dealing with scope ambiguities in computational semantics (van Deemter and Peters, 1996; Copestake et al., 2004; Egg et al., 2001; Blackburn and Bos, 2005) . The basic idea behind it is to not enumerate all possible semantic representations for each syntactic anal... | 0 |
The exclusion of phonology from Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (Pollard & Sag, 1987) and related grammar frameworks belonging to the Montague tradition (Dowty et al., 1981; Shieber, 1986) is no doubt due to the perception that much current theorising in phonology is excessively procedural in nature. While there i... | 0 |
The dominance of traditional phrase-based statistical machine translation (PBSMT) models (Koehn et al., 2003) has recently been challenged by the development and improvement of a number of new models that explicity take into account the syntax of the sentences being translated. One simple approach is to limit the phras... | 0 |
Previous semantic similarity tasks, such as paraphrase identification or recognizing textual entailment, have focused on performing binary decisions. These problems are usually framed in terms of identifying whether a pair of texts exhibit the needed similarity or entailment relationship or not. In many cases, such as ... | 0 |
Objet de questionnement depuis les années soixante-dix, le champ de recherche des métaphores en Géographie n'a toutefois jamais été exploré de façon systématique. A partir des études fragmentées sur la question (Bachimon, 1979; Gaudin & Pumain, 2000; Ascher, 2005; Debarbieux, 2014) , ce trope est reconnu comme un éléme... | 0 |
The Universal Dependencies project (Nivre et al., 2016) seeks to develop cross-linguistically consistent treebank annotation of morphology and syntax for many languages. The latest version of UD (Nivre et al., 2017a) consists of 70 dependency treebanks in 50 languages. As such, the UD project represents an excellent da... | 0 |
Being one of the prominent natural language generation tasks, neural abstractive text summarization (NATS) has gained a lot of popularity (Rush et al., 2015; See et al., 2017; Paulus et al., 2017) . Different from extractive text summarization (Gambhir and Gupta, 2017; Nallapati et al., 2017; Verma and Lee, 2017) , NAT... | 0 |
Word representations are in ubiquitous usage across all areas of natural language processing (NLP) (Collobert et al., 2011; Chen and Manning, 2014; Melamud et al., 2016) . Standard approaches rely on the distributional hypothesis (Harris, 1954; Schütze, 1993) and learn a single word vector space based on word co-occurr... | 0 |
GermaNet is a broad-coverage lexical-semantic net for German which currently contains some 16.000 words and alms at modeling at least the base vocabulary of German. It can be thought of as an online ontology in which meanings associated with words (so-called synsets) are grouped according to their semantic relatedness.... | 0 |
There are more than 7,000 living languages in the world and grammatical descriptions 1 are available for some 4,000 of these (Seifart et al., 2017) . A central concern of the academic discipline of linguistics is to classify languages along different dimensions. The subbranch of linguistics which deals with classificat... | 0 |
Natural language understanding (NLU) is a key component of dialog systems for commercial personal digital assistants (PDAs) such as Amazon Alexa, Google Home, Microsoft Cortana and Apple Siri. The task of the NLU component is to map input user utterances into a semantic frame consisting of domain, intent and slots (Kur... | 0 |
We participate in the WMT2021 shared task on news translation and submit a multilingual translation system. In recent years, multilingual translation has gained significant interest as an alternative to developing separate, specialized systems for different language directions (Firat et al., 2016; Tan et al., 2019; Aha... | 0 |
Evidence-based decision making in medicine has the aim to support clinicians and practitioners to reason upon the arguments in support or against a certain treatment, its effects, and the comparison with other related treatments for the same disease. These approaches (e.g., (Hunter and Williams, 2012; Craven et al., 20... | 0 |
Pre-trained transformer-based language models (e.g., Devlin et al., 2019) form the basis of state-of-the-art results across NLP. The relative opacity of these models has prompted the development of many probes to investigate linguistic regularities captured in them (e.g., Kovaleva et al., 2019; Conneau et al., 2018; Ja... | 0 |
Hyponyms and hypernyms (sometimes called subordinate and superordinate terms, respectively) describe a type of relation which, in general, can be defined in terms of asymmetric entailment: given the hyponym of feline, cat, and its hypernym, feline, we can state that all cats are felines, but not that all felines are ca... | 0 |
The recent advances in pre-trained Language Models [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] have shown that they could greatly improve many NLP tasks such as Natural Language Understanding, Question Answering, Natural Language Inference, Word Sense Disambiguation, etc.With our submission, we would like to explore what these models can bring to... | 0 |
A dialogue system (Kuppevelt and Smith, 2003) is usually defined as an automatic system that interacts with a human user using dialogue, with the objective of solving a certain problem. Tasks such as timetable consultation (Aust et al., 1995) are common examples of dialogue system applications.A dialogue system is defi... | 0 |
Appropriate ranking of sentences is important, as noted in sentence ordering tasks (Lapata, 2003) , in effectively delivering content. Whether the task is to convey news texts or definitions, the objective is to make it easier for users to understand the content. However, just conveying it in an encyclopedia-like or te... | 0 |
Support services in many domains have traditionally been provided over the telephone: when customers have queries, they dial a support number and speak to a support representative. Recent years have seen an increasing trend in support services provided over the Internet. Many companies have web sites with Frequently As... | 0 |
A causal language model (CLM) is a language model trained using a simple next-token prediction objective. Current CLMs are typically based on the Transformer architecture (Vaswani et al., 2017) , which has resulted in unprecedented text generation capabilities (Radford et al., 2018a,b; Brown et al., 2020) . Even so, th... | 0 |
Autonomous robots will need to learn the actions that humans perform. They will need to recognize these actions when they see them and they will need to perform these actions themselves. This requires a formal system to represent the action semantics. This representation needs to store the semantic information about th... | 0 |
Although a great deal of text is now available in electronic form, vast quantities of information still exist primarily (or only) in print. Critical applications of NLP technology, such as rapid, rough document translation in the field (Holland and Schlesiger, 1998) or information retrieval from scanned documents (Crof... | 0 |
Reflecting the rapid growth in science and technology, new words have progressively been created. However, due to the limitation of manual compilation, new words are often out-of-dictionary words and decrease the quality of human language technology, such as natural language processing, information retrieval, machine t... | 0 |
Natural language inference (NLI) is a pivotal and challenging natural language processing (NLP) task. The goal of NLI is to identify the logical relationship (entailment, neutral, or contradiction) between a premise and a corresponding hypothesis. Generally, NLI is also related to many other NLP tasks under the paradig... | 0 |
Previous works have shown that, in general, parser performances degrade when applied to out-ofdomain sentences (Gildea, 2001; McClosky et al., 2010; Foster, 2010; Petrov et al., 2010; Foster et al., 2011) . If a parser performs reasonably well for a wide range of out-of-domain sentences, it is said to be robust (Bigert... | 0 |
Written texts are usually broken up into sentences and paragraphs. Sentence splitting is a necessary pre-processing step for a number of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks including part-ofspeech tagging and parsing. Since sentence-final punctuation can be ambiguous (e.g., a period can also be used in an abbreviat... | 0 |
Visual referring expression comprehension (ReC)the task of localizing an object in an image given a textual referring expression-has applications in a broad range of visual domains. For example, ReC is useful for guiding a robot in the real world (Shridhar et al., 2020) and also for creating natural language interfaces... | 0 |
which tile ends terminate at different portions on the phonetic sequence, and the other represents the sequences of syntactic categories (called category sequences), each of which is associated with one of the word strings, ln this situation, the controller chooses the word string with tile highest score, sends tile as... | 0 |
Survey article generation is the task of automatically building informative surveys for scientific topics. Given the rapid growth of publications in scientific fields, the development of such systems is crucial as human-written surveys exist for a limited number of topics and get outdated quickly. In this paper, we inv... | 0 |
The goal of ISO-Space is to provide a specification of an annotation language for encoding spatial and spatiotemporal information as expressed in natural language texts. Section 2 enumerates the elements of syntax in ISO-Space 1.5. Section 3 presents data from the MotionBank pilot annoation effort (a subcorpus of ISO-S... | 0 |
Controlling the output of pretrained language models (LMs) is crucial for achieving useful and safe language generation applications, such as nonoffensive sentence completion or friendly conversation generation (See et al., 2019; Sheng et al., 2020; Gehman et al., 2020) . For example, a safe completion to the prompt "W... | 0 |
The detection of speculation and negation in texts has become one of the unavoidable pre-requisites in many information extraction tasks. Both are common in language and provide information on factuality and polarity of facts, which is particularly important for the biomedical field (Elkin et al., 2005b; Denny and Pete... | 0 |
With the advancement of technology and gaining popularity of several social media platforms, there has been a manifold increase in the number of users active in such channels. More often than not, these users tend to misuse their power of freedom of speech and violate acceptable usage policies of most of the forums. Th... | 0 |
Neural Machine translation (NMT) has achieved state-of-the-art performance in a variety of language pairs and settings (Bahdanau et al., 2015; Vaswani et al., 2017) , but it is vulnerable to domain mismatch, where the test set differs significantly from the training data in terms of vocabulary, genre, length, etc. This... | 0 |
Word segmentation is a fundamental task of Japanese language processing. Moreover, word segmentation errors in East Asian languages (e.g., Japanese and Chinese), which lack a trivial word segmentation process, can cause problems for downstream NLP applications. Thus, it is crucial to perform accurate word segmentation ... | 0 |
Semantic representations hold promise due to their ability to transparently reflect distinctions relevant for text understanding applications. For example, syntactic representations are usually sensitive to distinctions based on POS (part of speech), such as between compounds and possessives. Semantic schemes are less ... | 0 |
This paper describes the Tencent AI Lab submission of the WMT2021 shared task on biomedical translation. Last year, we participated in three translation tasks: News (Wu et al., 2020) , Chat (Wang et al., 2020a) , and Biomedical (Wang et al., 2020b) . In biomedical translation, we adopt DEEP TRANSFORMER (Dou et al., 201... | 0 |
Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has achieved impressive results in recent years, especially on high-resource language pairs (Vaswani et al., 2017; , and has even lead to some claims of human parity (Hassan et al., 2018) . 2 However, Belinkov and Bisk (2018) show that NMT is brittle, and very sensitive to simple charac... | 0 |
Although distributional models (Turney and Pantel, 2010; Clark, 2015) have proved useful for a variety of NLP tasks, the fact that the meaning of a word is represented as a distribution over other words implies that they suffer from the grounding problem (Harnad, 1990) ; i.e. they do not account for the fact that human... | 0 |
We participated in the Japanese dictionarybased lexical-sample task of the SENSEVAL-2 contest. We used machine learning approaches and submitted four systems. After the contest, we tuned the parameter used in the simple Bayes method and carried out additional experiments. In this paper, we explain the systems and their... | 0 |
Entity linking (EL) has attracted increasing attention in the natural language processing community, which aims at linking ambiguous mentions to the referent unambiguous entities in a given knowledge base (KB) (Shen et al., 2014) . It has been applied to a lot of downstream tasks such as information extraction (Yaghoob... | 0 |
The phonological tier is a level of representation where not all speech sounds are present. For example, the vowel tier of the Finnish word päivää 'Hello' is simply the vowels in order without the consonants:äiää.Tiers were originally introduced to describe tone systems in languages (Goldsmith, 1976) , and subsequently... | 0 |
The GTT-system (Geneva Teaching Transducer) 1 is a ger~ral tree-to-tree transducer developed as a tool for training linguists in machine translation and computational linguistics. The transducer is a specialized production system tailored to the requirements of ecmputational linguists providing them with a means of exp... | 0 |
Within our department for Human Computer Interaction at Siemens Corporate Technology (CT IC 5) we offer a new translation service to our partners at SBS Language Services. Using our interactive machine translation system TopTrans we provide translations of user documentation from German to English. Over a period of mor... | 0 |
Formalized semantic resources are highly valuable in areas such as NLP, linguistic analysis or language acquisition. However, creating such resources from scratch is time-consuming and generally yields limited-size lexicons. Existing lexicographic dictionaries do have a large coverage and present a reliable content. Th... | 0 |
We present an architecture for spoken dialogue systems for both human-computer interaction and computer mediation or analysis of human dialogue. The architecture shares many components with those of existing spoken dialogue systems, such as CommandTalk (Moore et al. 1997) , Galaxy (Goddeau et al. 1994) , TRAINS (Allen ... | 0 |
We describe the semantic text similarity systems we developed for two of the SemEval tasks for the 2014 International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation. We developed systems for task 3, Cross-Level Semantic Similarity (Jurgens et al., 2014) , and task 10, Multilingual Semantic Textual Similarity (Agirre et al., 2014) . A... | 0 |
Speech Graffiti (a.k.a. the Universal Speech Interface project) is an attempt to create a standardized, speechbased interface for interacting with simple machines and information servers. Such standardization offers several benefits, including domain portability, lower speech recognition error rates and increased syste... | 0 |
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