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Learning word vector representations using monolingual distributional information is now a ubiquitous technique in NLP. The quality of these word vectors can be significantly improved by incorporating cross-lingual distributional information (Klementiev et al., 2012; Zou et al., 2013; Vulić and Moens, 2013b; Mikolov et... | 0 |
Flashcards are a useful tool for learning. They are frequently used for memorising new words when learning a new language. When combined with spaced repetition, they can produce longterm knowledge retention.In this project, we created a deck of flashcards that consists of the 4,000 most frequently used words in Iceland... | 0 |
Identifying predefined kinds of relationship between pairs of entities is crucial for many knowledge base related applications (Suchanek et al., 2013) . In the literature, relation extraction (RE) is usually investigated in a classification style, where relations are simply treated as isolated class labels, while their... | 0 |
A radiology report usually contains a findings section (FINDINGS) describing detailed medical observations and an impression section (IMPRESSION) summarizing the most critical observations. In practice, the IMPRESSION is an essential part and There is a moderate le pleural effusion, similar to mul ple recent studies. L... | 0 |
Post-editing is the process whereby a human user corrects the output of a machine translation system. The use of basic post-editing tools by bilingual human translators has been shown to yield substantial increases in terms of productivity (Plitt and Masselot, 2010) as well as improvements in translation quality (Green... | 0 |
The emergence of social networks and news aggregators -combined with ill-informed posts, deliberate efforts to create and spread sensationalized information, and a strongly polarized political environment -makes it very difficult to establish what is really known. Therefore, fact checking seeks to assess whether the cl... | 0 |
Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging a syntactic analysis usually done after language identification -is one of the key tasks in any language processing applications. It is the process of assigning the appropriate part of speech or lexical category to each word in a sentence. Apart from assigning grammatical categories to word... | 0 |
To understand a natural language dialogue, a computer system must be sensitive to the speaker's intentions indicated through utterances. Since identifying the speech acts of utterances is very important to identify speaker's intentions, it is an essential part of a dialogue analysis system. It is difficult, however, to... | 0 |
Development of an NLP system usually starts by decomposing the task into several sub-tasks. Such a modular design is mandatory not only for the reusability of the component technologies and the extensibility of the system, but also for the sound and steady advancement of the research field. Each module, however, has to... | 0 |
Deep learning models have already surpassed human-level performance in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks 1 . Sequence labeling systems have also reached extremely high accuracy (Akbik et al., 2019; Heinzerling and Strube, 2019) . Still, NLP models often fail in scenarios, where non-standard text is given as ... | 0 |
This paper explores the topic of computational creativity in the case of poem generation in Finnish. Our work does not only aim to generate, but rather create poems automatically. We take the FACE model (Colton et al., 2011) for computational creativity as our definition of creativity. Through this model, we motivate a... | 0 |
Automatic assessment of translation quality is a challenging problem because the evaluation task, at its core, is based on subjective human judgments. Reference-based metrics such as BLEU (Papineni et al., 2002) have rephrased this subjective task as a somewhat more objective question: how closely does the translation ... | 0 |
Discourse relations capture the internal structure and logical relationship of coherent text, including Temporal, Causal and Contrastive relations etc. The ability of recognizing such relations between text units including identifying and classifying provides important information to other natural language processing s... | 0 |
TheÉ:CALM resource is constructed from French student texts produced in a variety of usual contexts of teaching. The key feature of theÉ:CALM resource is to provide an ecological digital data set that gives a broad overview of texts written at elementary school, high school and university (Doquet et al., 2017b) . The a... | 0 |
Event Extraction (EE) is one of the important subtasks of Information Extraction (IE). The major goal of EE is to identify events and their engaged entities (i.e., event arguments). To this end, two sub-tasks should be solved: 1) Event Detection (ED): To recognize event triggers (i.e., the words or phrases that clearly... | 0 |
Parallel corpora are valuable resources for bilingual lexicography and natural language processing (NLP) applications such as statistical (Brown et al., 1990) and neural (Sutskever et al., 2014a) machine translation (NMT). Using machine learning techniques, computer models can learn from parallel corpus data to transla... | 0 |
Recently much attention has been paid to visualizing the output of topic models fit using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) (Gardner et al., 2010; Chaney and Blei, 2012; Chuang et al., 2012b; Gretarsson et al., 2011) . Such visualizations are challenging to create because of the high dimensionality of the fitted model ... | 0 |
Recently, knowledge has been starting to power neural dialogue agents (Moghe et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2018b; Ghazvininejad et al., 2018; Qin et al., 2019; Gopalakrishnan et al., 2019) , being equipped with Wikipedia (Dinan et al., 2019b) , news (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2019) , domain specific knowledge-base (Eric and ... | 0 |
Stance taking -including attitudes, evaluations and opinions -has received a great deal of attention in the literature (Hunston and Thompson, 2000; Biber, 2006; Hunston, 2011; Fuoli, 2015) , and many studies of speakers' expression of feelings have been carried out in the fields of sentiment analysis and opinion mining... | 0 |
One of the most recent direction in Artificial Intelligence is related to humor and, in recent years, comedy based computing such as Manatee (Gustin, 2014) , the joke writing computer, STANDUP -System to Augment Non-Speakers' Dialogue Using Puns (Waller et al., 2009) ; SASI the sarcasm-detector (Davidov et al., 2010) ,... | 0 |
The representation and the processing of temporal information is important for most understanding tasks on linguistic data. Temporal annotation has benefitted from the normalization efforts of the ISO TC37/SC4 committee which has led to the definition of the ISO-TimeML standard (ISO 24617-1:2012), following the seminal... | 0 |
Semantic predictions, semantic triples, are the basic components of text mining and knowledge representation systems. Nowadays, large scale semantic prediction extraction and representation systems are increasingly emerging to sustain text mining and knowledge management systems in biomedicine. These in turn support in... | 0 |
This paper focuses on scrambling in Japanese, a language well known for its relative free word order. As a strict SOV language, Japanese verbs are linearized at the right end of a VP, while the other constituents may precede in any order without changing the denotation of the VP. This sort of flexiblity is known as scr... | 0 |
Recent successes in statistical syntactic parsing based on supervised techniques trained on a large corpus of syntactic trees (Collins, 1999; Charniak, 2000; Henderson, 2003) have brought the hope that the same approach could be applied to the more ambitious goal of recovering the propositional content and the frame se... | 0 |
With the availability of very large corpora and the growing maturity of corpus linguistics and NLP techniques, quantitative descriptions of the lexicon have made noteworthy progress. The coverage of the resources has increased, tokenizing and part-of-speech tagging have enabled a better annotation of the lexical units ... | 0 |
Depuis la fin des années '90, les fournisseurs de téléphonie mobile proposent à leurs utilisateurs de communiquer en s'envoyant des messages écrits : les textos ou SMS (du nom du service lui-même, Short Message Service). Comme le constatent Fairon et al. (2006) , les SMS s'écartent significativement des conventions ort... | 0 |
A Dialogue State Tracker (DST) is a core component of a modular task-oriented dialogue system . For each dialogue turn, a DST module takes the user utterance and the dialogue history as input, and outputs a belief estimate of the dialogue state. The dialogue state as of today is simplified as a set of requests and goal... | 0 |
The problem of prepositional phrase (PP) attachment disambiguation has been under investigation 1 The code and data for this work are available at http: //groups.csail.mit.edu/rbg/code/pp.She ate spaghetti with chopsticks Figure 1 : Two sentences illustrating the importance of lexicalization in PP attachment decisions.... | 0 |
An important driver of current machine translation research are annual evaluation campaigns where research labs use the latest prototype of their system to translate a fixed test set, which is then ranked by human judges. Given the nature of the translation problem, where everybody seems to disagree on what the right t... | 0 |
Word associations have been studied for some time in the fields of psycholinguistics (by testing human subjects on words), linguistics (where meaning is often based on how words co-occur with each other), and more recently, by researchers in natural language processing (Church and Hanks, 1990; Hindle and Rooth, 1990; D... | 0 |
Target sentiment analysis aims to detect the opinion targets explicitly mentioned in the sentences, referred to as target extraction, and predict the sentiment polarities over the opinion targets, referred to as target classification. For example, in the sentence "I love Windows 7 which is a vast improvement over Vista... | 0 |
Text mining techniques have been used to perform event-driven stock prediction (Ding et al., 2015) . The main idea is to learn distributed representations of structured events (i.e. event embeddings) from text, and use them as the basis to generate textual features for predicting price movements in stock markets. Here ... | 0 |
Language models (LMs) are crucial parts of many natural language processing applications, such as automatic speech recognition, statistical machine translation, and natural language generation. Language modeling aims to predict the next word given context or to give the probability of a word sequence in textual data. I... | 0 |
Recently, Pretrained Language Models have shown promising performance on many NLP tasks (Peters et al., 2018; Devlin et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2019c; Lan et al., 2020) . Many attempts have been made to train a model that supports multiple languages. Among them, Multilingual BERT (mBERT) (Devlin et al... | 0 |
As the saying goes, "a chart is worth a thousand words". Nowadays, tremendous amounts of tabular data written in various languages are widely used in Wikipedia pages, research papers, finance reports, file systems, and databases, which are informative. Schema translation is the task of automatically translating headers... | 0 |
The recent boom of research on analogies with word embedding models is largely due to the striking demonstration of "linguistic regularities" (Mikolov et al., 2013b) . In the so-called Google analogy test set (Mikolov et al., 2013a) the task is to solve analogies with vector offsets (a frequently cited example is king ... | 0 |
Aspect-level sentiment classification is a finegrained sentiment analysis task (Pang et al., 2008) . Given aspect categories or target entities in the text, this task aims at inferring the sentiment polarity (e.g., positive, negative, or neutral) of the aspects. A recent study (Kenyon-Dean et al., 2018) on sentiment an... | 0 |
Automatic propaganda identification is a task which requires a full set of natural language technologies, including language understanding, discourse analysis, common-sense reasoning, factchecking and many more. By focusing on the genre to political news articles, it is possible to some extent identify content expressi... | 0 |
Currently, neural network models have achieved great success for many natural language processing (NLP) tasks , such as text classification (Zhao et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2017) , semantic matching (Liu et al., 2016a,b) , and machine translation . The key factor of these neural models is how to compose a phrase or sent... | 0 |
Text summarization is the process of distilling the most noteworthy information in a document to produce an abridged version of it. This task is earning considerable interest, since shorter versions of long documents are easier to read and save us time. There are two basic ways to summarize texts. Extractive summarizat... | 0 |
Developing a mixed-initiative dialog system is a complex task. The developer must model the user's goals, the "results" (domain objects) retrieved, and the state of the dialog, and generate the system response at each turn of the dialog. In mixed-initiative systems, as opposed to directed dialog systems, users can infl... | 0 |
The growing popularity of social media has led to the rise of multimodal content as a way to express ideas and emotions. As a result, a brand new type of message was born: meme. A meme is typically formed by an image and a short piece of text on top of it, embedded as part of the image. Memes are typically innocent and... | 0 |
Text adventure games, in which players must make sense of the world through text descriptions and declare actions through natural language, can provide a stepping stone toward more realworld environments where agents must communicate to understand the state of the world and affect change in the world. Despite the stead... | 0 |
Nominal compound analysis is one of crucial issues that have been continuously studied by computational and theoretical linguists. Many linguists have dealt with nonlinal compounds in view of semantic interpretation, and tried to explain how nominal compounds are semanti-cally interpreted (Levi, 1978; Selkirk, 1982) . ... | 0 |
The field of natural language processing (NLP) has seen substantial performance improvements due to large-scale language model pre-training (Devlin et al., 2019) . Whilst providing an informed starting point for subsequent task-specific fine-tuning, such models still require large annotated training sets for the task a... | 0 |
Acrostic is a form of writing aiming at hiding messages in text, often used in sarcasm or to deliver private information. In previous works, English acrostic have been generated by searching for paraphrases in WordNet' s synsets (Stein et al., 2014) . Synonyms that contain needed characters replace the corresponding wo... | 0 |
Language Models (LMs) are key components in most statistical machine translation systems, where they play a crucial role in promoting output fluency.Standard n-gram generative language models have been extended in several ways. Generative factored language models (Bilmes and Kirchhoff, 2003) represent each token by mul... | 0 |
Neural models have shown great success on a variety of tasks, including machine translation , image caption generation (Xu et al., 2015) , and language modeling (Bengio et al., 2003) . Recently, huge datasets necessary for training these models have become more widely available, but there are still many limitations. In... | 0 |
Treebanks can be used for statistical learning as well as evaluation and are available for an increasing number of languages. For instances: Czech (Hajičová, 1998) , Danish (Kromann, 2003) , Turkish (Oflazer, 2003) Slovene (Džeroski et al., 2006) , and Finnish (Haverinen et al., 2010) . However, because of having been ... | 0 |
ST is a field that is very closely aligned with ASR and MT, as it is their natural evolution to combine the advances in both areas. Thus, the goal is to obtain the translation of an utterance that has been spoken in a different language, without necessarily requiring the intermediate transcription. At the same time, it... | 0 |
Current deep learning methods require large amounts of training data to achieve reasonable performance. Scalable solutions to acquire labelled data use crowdsourcing (e.g., Potthast et al., 2018) , gamification (Ahn, 2006) , or incidental supervision (Roth, 2017) . For many complex tasks in expert domains, such as law ... | 0 |
The VarDial Evaluation Campaign targets Natural Language Processing (NLP) for similar languages, varieties and dialects, and it was organized within the scope of the VarDial'2017 workshop. The campaign is an evolution of the DSL shared tasks, which were organized as part of the previous editions of the VarDial workshop... | 0 |
Collecting labeled data for machine learning can be costly and time-consuming. A key technique to minimize labeling costs has been active learning, where an oracle (e.g., a human expert) is queried to label problem instances selected that are deemed to be most informative to the learning algorithm's next iteration acco... | 0 |
The processing of information is crucial in determining financial assets' prices. Thus, market participants' opinions can be an essential driver of price dynamics. Recent progress of NLP technologies and access to digitized texts have facilitated automatic sentiment analysis of financial narratives. Most existing corpo... | 0 |
Reflecting the rapid growth in the use of opinionated texts on the Web, such as customer reviews, opinion mining has been explored to facilitate utilizing opinions mainly for improving products and decision-making purposes. While in a broad sense opinion mining refers to a process to discover useful knowledge latent in... | 0 |
For languages with a non-configurational word order and rich(er) morphology, such as German, grammatical function (GF) labels are essential for interpreting the meaning of a sentence. Case syncretism in the German case paradigm makes GF labelling a challenging task. See (1) for an example where the nouns in the sentenc... | 0 |
There is a need to develop techniques that can help scientists locate and organize relevant information in rapidly growing scientific literature. Scientists have diverse information needs and are often interested in specific types of information in a paper. Although section headings (e.g. Methods, Results) can be an in... | 0 |
Tree-based machine translation systems (Chiang et al., 2005; Sennrich and Haddow, 2015) are alternatives to the leading phrasebased MT systems (Koehn et al., 2007) and newly very progressive neural MT systems (Bahdanau et al., 2015) . Our approach aims to produce bilingual dependency trees, in which both source and tar... | 0 |
Content analysis -the examination and systematic categorization of written texts (Berelson, 1952) -is a fundamental and widely-applied research method in the social sciences and humanities (Krippendorff, 2004a) , found in one third of all articles published in major communication journals (Wimmer and Dominick, 2010) . ... | 0 |
Automatic language identification is an important task in Natural Language Processing (NLP), which consists of applying computational methods to identify the language a document is written in. Language identification is often modelled as a classification task and it is often the first processing stage of many NLP appli... | 0 |
Sentiment analysis, also know as opinion mining, deals with determining the opinion classification of a piece of text. Most commonly the classification is whether the writer of a piece of text is expressing a position or negative attitude towards a product or a topic of interest. Having more than two sentiment classes ... | 0 |
This paper describes a framework for generating natural language captions to accompany complex graphical presentations of diverse data sets. It describes an implemented system that integrates two robust systems: SAGE--an intelligent graphics presentation system (Roth et al. 1994) , and a natural language generator, con... | 0 |
Automatically generating image captions by describing the content of an image using natural language sentences is a challenging task. It is especially challenging for languages other than En-glish due to the sparsity of annotated resources in the target language. A promising solution to this problem is to create a comp... | 0 |
The traditional studies on text segmentation, as shown in Choi (2000) , Brants et al. (2002) , Misra et al. (2009) and Hennig and Labor (2009) , focus on dividing the text into signification components such as words, sentences and topics rather than authors. Natural Language Processing techniques (NLP) and various mach... | 0 |
An essay is a piece of text that is written in response to a topic, called a prompt . Qualitative evaluation of the essay consumes a lot of time and resources. Hence, in 1966, Page proposed a method of automatically scoring essays using computers (Page, 1966) , giving rise to the domain of Automatic Essay Grading.Essay... | 0 |
Recently, end-to-end neural machine translation (NMT) (Kalchbrenner and Blunsom, 2013; Sutskever et al., 2014; Bahdanau et al., 2015) has attracted increasing attention from the community. Providing a new paradigm for machine translation, NMT aims at training a single, large neural network that directly transforms a so... | 0 |
This is a preliminary report of the results of a new procedure for building a webcorpus of academic writing using BootCaT seeded searches (Baroni and Bernardini, 2004) . The procedure inverts the usual one of finding text-internal traits that correlate with externally defined corpora and subcorpora (Lee, 2001) . Instea... | 0 |
Computer-assisted translation tools are expanding by offering translators increasingly useful solutions; they are composed of several tools such as terminology databases, the integration of machine translation engines and translation memories (TM) . Translation memories are the most relevant; their function is to store... | 0 |
Nowadays, the possibility of searching and recognizing lexical relations in definitions occurring in specialized text corpora is an important task in computational lexicography and terminology.In this sense, authors such as Vossen and Copestake (1993) , as well as Wilks, Slator & Guthrie (1995) are pioneers in offering... | 0 |
Corpora of naturally-produced texts such as newspapers and magazines marked with detailed morphological, syntactic and semantic tags, are often used in human language-production research. In contrast, texts created by psycholinguists exclusively for research purposes, are commonly used in languagecomprehension research... | 0 |
In this paper, we present an enhanced plan-based model of dialogue understanding that provides a framework for computer processing of mixed-initiative dialogues. In mixed-initiative dialogues, each speaker brings to the conversation his or her own plans and goals based on his or her own domain knowledge, and which do n... | 0 |
Currently, the performance of NMT system is rapidly advancing. Its performance proved to be superior to that of SMT (Bojar et. al., 2016) . The NMT is also applied to both English-to-Korean and Korean-to-English machine translation systems for commercial service. The most wellknown machine translation evaluation techni... | 0 |
Dependency parsing is the task of predicting the most probable dependency structure for a given sentence. One of the key choices in dependency parsing is about the class of candidate structures for this prediction. Many parsers are confined to projective structures, in which the yield of a syntactic head is required to... | 0 |
Every utterance has its illocutionary force that makes the hearers to act a certain behavior, in accordance with the speaker's intentions, such as assertives, directives, commissives, expressives and declarations (Austin, 1962; Searle, 1969) . The actions induced by such intentions, or speech acts, are systematically r... | 0 |
The task of relation extraction (RE) is to recognize and extract relations among entities or concepts mentioned in texts. One common approach to RE is to learn and exploit extraction patterns (e.g., based on syntactic dependency trees), which express the targeted semantic relations. In order to circumvent the manual cr... | 0 |
The article presents work on enriching bilingual dictionaries with existing finite state transducers (FST). There is a need for reading comprehension dictionaries of morphology-rich languages like the Saami languages. They are also members of the North European Sprachbund, and contain dynamic compounds.All of the Saami... | 0 |
It has been azgued that natural language interfaces with very rich functionality are crucial to the effective use of advisory systems and that interfaces using formal languages, menus, or direct manipulation will not suffice (Finin, Joshi, and Webber, 1986) . Designing, developing, and debugging a rich natural language... | 0 |
With the growth of social media usage, the interest in text mining approaches has increased. One task that has gained momentum recently is sentiment analysis where the goal is to determine opinions/emotions from a text input, generally a product or service review. Different approaches have been proposed for sentiment a... | 0 |
Through analyzing product reviews with high helpfulness ratings assigned by readers, we find that a large number of explanatory sentences are used to clarify the causes, details, or consequences of opinions. According to the statistic based on the dataset we crawled from a popular product review website, more than 56.1... | 0 |
Hate crimes are defined as crimes of violence either against a person or their property that display evidence of prejudice based on the victims' race, gender or gender identity, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity (Jacobs et al., 1998) . According to the results of a new Department of Justice hate cr... | 0 |
Abstractive summarization can be regarded as a sequence mapping task that the source text should be mapped to the target summary. Therefore, sequence-to-sequence learning can be applied to neural abstractive summarization (Kalchbrenner and Blunsom, 2013; Sutskever et al., 2014; , whose model consists of an encoder and ... | 0 |
With the development of Community Question Answering (cQA) forums, massive information is being shared. However, not all information is factual, which makes finding an appropriate answer to satisfy the information needs of questioners more difficult. Previous work which concentrated on these problems (Nakov et al., 201... | 0 |
This paper addresses a relatively new task in the NLP community: automatic document dating. Given a document with unknown origins, what characteristics of its text indicate the year in which the document was written? This paper proposes a learning approach that builds constraints from a document's use of time expressio... | 0 |
Understanding a model's behavior is often a prerequisite for deploying it in the real world, especially in high-stake scenarios such as financial, legal, and medical domains. Unfortunately, most highperforming models, such as neural networks, are black-boxes. Thus, model-agnostic interpretability techniques have been d... | 0 |
Self-supervised pretraining approaches have recently been adapted to web videos (Sun et al., 2019a,b; Miech et al., , 2020 Zhu and Yang, 2020; Amrani et al., 2020) ; the resulting models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of video understanding tasks, e.g., dense caption generation, action local... | 0 |
The WMT19 shared task on parallel corpus filtering was essentially the same as last year's edition (Koehn et al., 2018b) , except under lowresource conditions: the language pairs were Nepali-English and Sinhala-English instead of German-English, and the data participants were allowed to use was constrained. The aim of ... | 0 |
A critical issue in AI r(~sem'ch is to ov(.'r(:(ml(~ the knowh~(Ige acquisition bottleneck in knowl(!dge-tms(!d systems. As a knowledge base is eXlmn(led, adding more kn((wl(~dg(-` and fixing previ(ms err(m(~(Tus kn()w1edge become increasingly c(Tstly. Mor(~(Tv(w, maintaining the integrity of Ire'go knowledge bases has... | 0 |
The task of open-domain dialogue generation is an area of active development, with neural sequenceto-sequence models dominating the recently published literature (Shang et al., 2015; Vinyals and Le, 2015; Li et al., 2016b,a; Serban et al., 2016) . Most previously published models train to minimise the negative log-like... | 0 |
Sarcasm and verbal irony are a type of figurative language where the speakers usually mean the opposite of what they say. Recognizing whether a speaker is ironic or sarcastic is essential to downstream applications for correctly understanding speakers' intended sentiments and beliefs. Consequently, in the last decade, ... | 0 |
One of the most fundamental aspects of dialogue is the organization of speaking between the participants. Since it is difficult to speak and listen at the same time, the interlocutors need to take turns speaking, and this turn-taking has to be coordinated somehow. This poses a challenge for spoken dialogue systems, whe... | 0 |
Syntax and semantics of complex verbs have long been the focus of attention in Japanese linguistics. This paper proposes a new approach to the formation of passive and potential verbs, both of which include the auxiliary verb -rare, and explore the relationship between the complex verb formation and projections of synt... | 0 |
and Reinhart and Reuland (1993) argued that local anaphors can be LDbound or be unbound in certain contexts as shown in (1). In sentences shown below, the English local anaphor himself is bound outside the minimal GC (cf. 1a, 1b) The above researchers posit a distinction between core or grammatical binding on the one h... | 0 |
Being able to link a piece of raw text to a knowledge base is fundamental in NLP (Navigli, 2009; McCoy et al., 2019; Bender and Koller, 2020) , as it can aid neural models to ground their representations on structured resources and enable Natural Language Understanding (Navigli, 2018) . A task that is key to achieving ... | 0 |
News editorials define a genre of written argumentative discourse whose main goal is persuasiveness. In a news editorial, an author states and defends a thesis that conveys his or her stance on a controversial topic usually related to the public interest. Editorials do not only aim to persuade readers of some opinion, ... | 0 |
Currently, symbolic resources guiding text analysis and text synthesis are created and stored separately. Several researchers have attempted to use the same resource for both tasks (Kasper, 1988; Neumann, 1991; Neumann and van Noord, 1992; Strzalkowski, 1994; O'Donnell, 1994; Pulman, 1995; Klarner, 2005 ) motivated by ... | 0 |
In document-level sentiment classification, early studies have exploited language-based clues (e.g., n-grams) extracted from the textual content (Turney, 2002; Pang et al., 2002) , followed by recent studies which adapt the classifier to the reviews written by a specific user or written on a specific product (Tan et al... | 0 |
The fact that most of the parser evaluation resources employed consist of texts from a single genre constitutes a deficiency in most of the parser evaluations. Evaluations are typically carried out on newspaper texts, i.e. on section 23 of the Penn Treebank (PTB) (Marcus et al., 1993) . A further complication is that m... | 0 |
A terminological ontology is a domain specific ontology, cf. for example the categorization of ontologies by Guarino (1998) . We use the term terminological ontology as synonym to the term concept system, which is normally used in terminology work, cf. for example (ISO 704, 2000) .The principles of terminological ontol... | 0 |
Neural machine translation conducts end-to-end translation with a source encoder and a target decoder, producing promising results (Kalchbrenner and Blunsom, 2013; . With the emerging of the attention-based encoder-decoder model, NMT has achieved comparable even better translation performance with the traditional stati... | 0 |
Le problème de séparation aveugle de sources (SAS) consiste à extraire des signaux inconnus provenant de différentes sources, à partir de leurs mélanges, sans tenir compte d'aucune information à priori, ni sur la nature du mélange ni sur les signaux sources elles-mêmes. Les approches de SAS développées pour traiter ce ... | 0 |
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