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Transliteration automates the conversion from a source text into the corresponding target text, where usually both source and target texts are written suing different scripts. Both texts might belong to the same language as in the case of "Roman-script Arabic" to "Arabic-script Arabic" or to two different languages as ... | 0 |
Automatic evaluation for open-domain dialogue generation systems has a potential for driving their research and development because of its high reproducibility and low cost. However, existing automatic evaluation metrics, such as BLEU (Papineni et al., 2002) , correlate poorly with human evaluation (Liu et al., 2016) .... | 0 |
Supervised text classification is a traditional problem in natural language processing that has been studied extensively (Nigam et al., 2000; Sebastiani, 2002; Forman, 2003; Joulin et al., 2016) . In this problem, we are given a set of labeled text documents and the goal is to construct a classifier that can classify a... | 0 |
Emotion detection -a long-standing open problem in Natural Language Processing (NLP) -is the task of automatically associating one or more emotions with a text. Even though emotional states are highly subjective and often depend on several factors, such as one's past experiences, culture and education, the automatic id... | 0 |
A robust pandemic response is contingent on timely and accurate information (Morse 2012) . During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health institutions have established surveillance systems to monitor and track case counts over time.COVID-19 is typically diagnosed using laboratory tests. The test results are frequently use... | 0 |
Background. Adverse drug events (ADEs), injuries resulting from medical intervention, are a leading cause of death in the United States and cost around $30˜$130 billion every year (Donaldson et al., 2000) . Early detection of ADE incidents aids in the timely assessment, mitigation and prevention of future occurrences o... | 0 |
Interpersonal exchanges are a core component in human relationships. They are determined by intimacy, which in turn is characterized by the willingness of the involved parties to self-disclose (Rubin and Shenker, 1978) . In general, self-disclosure can be defined as "revealing intimate information about one's self" (De... | 0 |
The present work focuses on discovering hypernyms in French (FR) using the trigger phrase tel-1 que (meaning "such as" in English (EN)), exploiting morphological information to uniquely identify the correct hypernym. This shows to be an inexpensive and effective heuristic also when there are multiple noun phrases prece... | 0 |
Verbs and their semantics generally play an important role in determining the semantics of English sentences. In many cases, the meaning of an event-denoting sentence can be derived by identifying the verb's syntactic arguments and assigning them to specific participant slots in the verb's semantic frame, thus creating... | 0 |
Human beings remember useful and important information and gradually forget old and unimportant information in order to accommodate new information. Under the constraint of memory capacity, it is important to have a learning mechanism that utilizes memory to store and to retrieve information efficiently and flexibly wi... | 0 |
With the widespread adoption of the Internet, of modern communication, multimedia and mobile device technologies, the amount of multilingual information distributed and available to anyone, anywhere, has exploded. So called social media have rapidly reshaped information exchange among Internet users, providing new mean... | 0 |
Domain adaptation in Neural Machine Translation (NMT) remains one of the main challenges (Koehn and Knowles, 2017) . Domain-specific translations are especially relevant for industrial applications where there is a need for achieving both fluency and terminology in translations. Current state-of-the-art NMT systems ach... | 0 |
Research in molecular-biology field is discovering enormous amount of new facts, and thus there is an increasing need for information extraction (IE) technology to support database building and to find novel knowledge in online journals.To implement IE systems, we need to construct extraction rules, i.e., rules to extr... | 0 |
Knowledge graphs (KGs) are at the core of most state-of-the-art natural language processing solutions and have been spotlighted in many real-world applications, including question answering (Hao et al., 2017) , dialogue generation (He et al., 2017; Madotto et al., 2018) and machine reading comprehension (Yang and Mitch... | 0 |
When two sentences share the same meaning but are written using different expressions, they are deemed to be a sentential paraphrase pair. Paraphrase Identification (PI) is a task that recognizes whether a pair of sentences is a paraphrase. PI is useful in many applications such as information retrieval (Wang et al., 2... | 0 |
To produce language is to convert utterances from their underlying ("deep") form to a surface form. Optimality Theory or OT (Prince and Smolensky, 1993) proposes to describe phonological production as an optimization process. For an underlying x, a speaker purportedly chooses the surface form z so as to maximize the ha... | 0 |
Statistical translation models (such as those formulated in Brown et al. (1993) ) are trained from bilingual sentencealigned texts. The bilingual data used for constructing translation models is often gathered from government documents produced in multiple languages. For example, the Candide system (Berger et al., 1994... | 0 |
Most often, in a nominal anaphoric relation, a personal pronoun (like "le"(clitic)/"him") is involved in an anaphoric relationship with a nominal phrase (NP), located in the same sentence as the pronoun or a previous one. The pronoun is therefore related to the discourse individual referred to by the NP:(1)Un homme est... | 0 |
One quickly growing subfield in NLP is the task of identifying the native language (L1) of a writer based solely on a sample of their writing in another language. The task is framed as a classification problem where the set of L1s is known a priori. Most work has focused on identifying the native language of writers le... | 0 |
Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) is shallow semantic representation of a sentence, that allows us to capture the roles of arguments that anchor around an event. Despite significant recent progress in Deep SRL systems (He et al., 2017; Tan et al., 2017) , there has been limited work in adapting such systems to low resource ... | 0 |
Contemporary projects aiming at launching learning management systems (LMS) often focus on the introduction of an existing software tool, rather than on an innovation by means of the modern information technologies. In effect, there is almost no original research directed to the complex integration of e-learning system... | 0 |
This paper describes work on a technique for the unsupervised learning of the morphology of natural languages which employs the familiar string edit distance (SED) algorithm (Wagner and Fischer 1974 and elsewhere) in its first stage; we refer to it here as the SED heuristic. The heuristic finds 3-and 4-state finite sta... | 0 |
The purpose of information extraction (IE) is to produce both general knowledge structures and specific facts that will support inference, problem solving, and question answering. The primary difficulties include (1) the huge variety and ambiguity of linguistic expressions of underlying content; (2) the problem of reso... | 0 |
Recent studies have revealed the significant role of Twitter during emergency events (Imran et al., 2013a; Olteanu et al., 2015; Imran et al., 2016) . In particular, Twitter messages have been shown to contain valuable and timely crisis-related information that serves to enhance situational awareness and supports human... | 0 |
Task independent computational dialogue modelling (see e.g., [5, l0 t 35] ) seldom makes contact with natural language generation (exceptions being, e.g., [7, 9, 22] ), and much less so with speech generation/synthesis. Conversely, speech synthesis, being predominantly concerned with rendering text to speech, rarely co... | 0 |
South Africa has eleven official languages. Of these eleven languages, English is the only language for which ample HLT resources exist. The rest of the languages can be classified as socalled "resource scarce languages", i.e. languages for which few digital resources exist. However, this situation is changing, since r... | 0 |
Work on the task of event schema acquisition is largely separable into two main camps: the symbolic camp, with its structurally rich but infamously brittle representations (Lebowitz, 1980; Norvig, 1987; Mooney, 1990) ; and the statistical camp, which utilizes complex models and vast amounts of data to produce large num... | 0 |
The interpretation of coordinate structures directly affects the meaning of the text. Addressing coordination ambiguities is fundamental to natural language understanding. Previous studies on coordination disambiguation suggested that conjuncts in coordinate structures have syntactic or semantic similarities, and dealt... | 0 |
IBM Scientific Center Heidelberg is developing a large vocabulary speech recognition system for German (Wothke et al. 1989) . The system needs for each word of its reference vocabulary two types of reference patterns:• prototypal acoustic reference patterns.• phonetic transcriptions of the main pronunciation variants o... | 0 |
Attempts towards a modern logic-based semantics for natural language can be traced back at least to Montague (1974) . He provided a framework for interpreting a fragment of the English language using lambda calculus, giving birth to a new branch of natural language processing, with roots in formal logic. Although Monta... | 0 |
Entity typing is the assignment of a semantic label to a span of text, where that span is usually a mention of some entity in the real world. Named entity recognition (NER) is a canonical information extraction task, commonly considered a form of entity typing that assigns spans to one of a handful of types, such as PE... | 0 |
Task-oriented dialog systems are commonplace in automated systems that interact with end users, including digital assistants, technical support agents, and various website navigation helpers. An essential part in any task-oriented dialog system is natural language generation (NLG), which consumes data, typically fed in... | 0 |
Multi-view weakly supervised learning paradigms such as co-training (Blum and Mitchell, 1998) and co-EM (Nigam and Ghani, 2000) learn a classification task from a small set of labeled data and a large pool of unlabeled data using separate, but redundant, views of the data (i.e. using disjoint feature subsets to represe... | 0 |
Predictive bottom-up parsers (Earley, 1968; Earley, 1970; Graham et al., 1980) are often used for natural language processing because of their superior average performance compared to purely bottom-up parsers *We are extremely indebted to Fernando Pereira and Stuart Shleber for providing valuable technical comments dur... | 0 |
Nowadays, deep neural models use data as their "fuel", and have proved to attain better performance the larger the training corpora they are provided with. Unfortunately, producing large manually-curated corpora is an expensive and time-consuming task. This is especially an issue for the field of Natural Language Proce... | 0 |
In his Linguistic Theory of Translation (1965) , Catford describes category shifts as "departures from formal correspondence in translation." (76) In this paper we will concentrate on one type of category shift: when the SL and TL equivalents are located at different syntactic levels, we say that a constituent shift ha... | 0 |
For businesses that want to promote their items and services, running online advertisements on advertising platforms is an effective way to achieve their marketing goals. With the aim of attracting users to know more about the displayed items, advertisers design ad creative (such as text, image and video). Figure 1 is ... | 0 |
Recent years have witnessed significant improvements introduced by neural natural language processing (NLP) models (Kim, 2014; Yang et al., 2016; Devlin et al., 2019) . Unfortunately, due to the fragility (Alzantot et al., 2018; Ebrahimi et al., 2018; Ren et al., 2019; Li et al., 2020; Zang et al., 2020; Garg and Ramak... | 0 |
Dans le cadre de la théorie Sens-Texte (Mel'čuk, 1997; Kahane, 2001 ) (ci-après, TST), le sens d'un énoncé est représenté par un réseau de sémantèmes. Ces sémantèmes peuvent être décomposés (c'est-à-dire remplacés par leur définition) mais ce sont en général des représentations réduites (c'est-à-dire dont les sémantème... | 0 |
L'intérêt principal des grammaires de types logiques dont les grammaires catégorielles (GC) est leur lien direct et transparent avec la sémantique formelle compositionnelle. Ce lien est établi pour une phrase générée à travers l'isomorphisme entre une preuve de correction du choix des types pour les mots dans la phrase... | 0 |
Morphological disambiguation is the task of selecting the correct morphological parse for a given word in a given context. The possible parses of a word are generated by a morphological analyzer. In Turkish, close to half the words in running text are morphologically ambiguous. Below is a typical word "masalı" with thr... | 0 |
One of the common challenges to deploying natural language understanding (NLU) techniques at scale in commercial applications is the necessity for continuous annotation of user data. Models can then be re-trained and updated to capture new usage patterns. This process is expensive, labor intensive, and time-consuming.A... | 0 |
Recursive neural models perform well for many structured prediction problems, in part due to their ability to learn representations that depend globally on all parts of the output structures. However, global models of this sort are incompatible with existing exact inference algorithms, since they do not decompose over ... | 0 |
Online forums have been gaining a lot of popularity in recent years. In these forums, one can ask a question, and based on the wisdom of the crowd, expect to get some good answers. In practice, unless there is strong moderation, most such forums get populated with bad answers, which can be annoying for users as it take... | 0 |
Music, also referred as the "language of emotion" can be categorized in terms of its emotional associations (Kim et al., 2010) . Music perception is highly intertwined with both emotion and the context (Bischoff et al., 2009) . Due to explosive growth of information and multimedia technologies, digital music has become... | 0 |
Topic Detection and Tracking (TDT) research is sponsored by the DARPA TIDES program. The research has five tasks related to organizing streams of data such as newswire and broadcast news (Wayne, 2000) . A link detection (LNK) system detects whether two stories are "linked", or discuss the same event. A story about a pl... | 0 |
Understanding a narrative requires keeping track of its participants over a long-term context. As a story unfolds, the information a reader associates with each character in a story increases, and expectations about what will happen next change accordingly. At present, models of natural language do not explicitly track... | 0 |
Event ordering in the NLP community usually refers to a specific labeling task: given pairs of events and time expressions, choose ordering relations for them. The TimeBank corpus (Pustejovsky et al., 2003) provided a corpus of labeled pairs that motivated machine learning approaches to this task. However, only a small... | 0 |
In recent years, re-ranking techniques have been successfully applied to enhance the performance of NLP analysis components based on generative models. A baseline generative model produces Nbest candidates, which are then re-ranked using a rich set of local and global features in order to select the best analysis. Vari... | 0 |
Fine-tuning pretrained language encoders such as BERT (Devlin et al., 2019) and its successors (Liu et al., 2019b; Lan et al., 2020; Clark et al., 2020; He et al., 2020) has proven to be highly successful, attaining state-of-the-art performance on many language tasks, but how do these models internally represent task-s... | 0 |
In Lithuanian, in addition to fully fixed multiword expressions (MWEs), there are many MWEs with one or more constituents (possibly all) which can be inflected. Therefore, these "flexible" MWEs appear in texts in several forms 1 : as shown by the corpus data, the Lithuanian verbal phraseme pakišti koją, meaning 'to put... | 0 |
Nous proposons une ontologie temporelle adaptEe au traitement des diffErents phenom~nes temporels apparaissant dans des enonces en langage naturel. II s'agit de rend,e compte des evdnements, de leur durEe, de [etn" localisation et aussi des relations entre ces tSvEnenlelltS, qu'elles soient purement temporelles (d'incl... | 0 |
Machine Translation is a very active field nowadays strongly anchored into a paradigm of performance. Evaluation exercises such as those conducted within the TIDES project are pushing system designers to constantly improve their systems. Currently, many of the top-performing systems are phrase-based statistical machine... | 0 |
Parallel corpora are especially important for training statistical machine translation systems, but so far the collection of such data within the academic research community has been ad hoc and limited in scale. To promote this research problem we organized a shared task on one of the core processing steps in acquiring... | 0 |
Cohesiveness of the text is brought by various language phenomenons. Co-referring entities play a crucial part in binding discourse intra and inter sententially.These co-referring entities form a chain in the text. The present work is on identifying the co-reference chains in Tamil text by identifying the co-referring ... | 0 |
Natural language generation (NLG) is the process of generating text from a meaning representation. It may be thought of as the reverse of natural language understanding (NLU). There has been considerably less focus in NLG than in NLU. Nevertheless, a generator is an essential component of any machine translation (MT) s... | 0 |
There has been growing interest in understanding NLP systems and exposing their vulnerabilities through maliciously designed inputs (Iyyer et al., 2018; Belinkov and Bisk, 2018; Nie et al., 2019; Gurevych and Miyao, 2018) . Adversarial examples are generated using search (Alzantot et al., 2018) , heuristics (Jia and Li... | 0 |
Dans toute industrie hautement technologique, un incident peut avoir des conséquences désastreuses, provoquer des pertes matérielles considérables, des dégâts environnementaux ou, pire, coûter des vies humaines. La complexité de chaque opération, leurs intrications et la multiplicité des facteurs différents intervenant... | 0 |
The OMNIA project (Luca Marchesotti et al., 2010) aims to retrieve images that are described with multilingual free companion texts (captions, comments, etc.) in large Web datasets. Images are first classified with formal descriptors in a lightweight ontology using automatic textual and visual analysis. Then, users may... | 0 |
Animacy is a an inherent property of the referents of nouns which has been claimed to figure as an influencing factor in a range of different grammatical phenomena in various languages and it is correlated with central linguistic concepts such as agentivity and discourse salience. Knowledge about the animacy of a noun ... | 0 |
The critical first step in the reconstruction of an ancient language is the recovery of related cognate words in its descendants. Unfortunately, this process has largely been a manual, linguisticallyintensive undertaking for any sizable number of descendant languages. The traditional approach used by linguists-the comp... | 0 |
It is a ,emarkable fact thai humans can often understand sentences containing unknown words, inlet their grammatical properties and incrementally refine hypotheses aboul these words when encountering laler instances. In conlrasl, many current NLP systems still prestlppose a complele lexicon. Notable exceptions include ... | 0 |
It is w ell k n o w n th a t c o o r d in a tio n is o n e o f th e m o s t p rev a len t a n d c o m p le x co n s tr u c tio n s in E u r o p e a n leinguages w h ich ca u ses g re a t In th e first p a rt o f th is p a p e r, I w o u ld like t o illu stra te h o w c o o r d in a tio n is h a n d led in E u r o tr a ... | 0 |
Studies of first language acquisition in children have documented general stages in linguistic development.Neither the trigger nor the mechanism that takes a child from one stage to the next are known. Stages arise gradually with no precise start or end points, overlapping one another (Ingram, 1989) .The aim of this re... | 0 |
Consider the following two scenarios:Scenario 1: We start processing a new language and we want to get an initial idea of the language before embarking on the expensive process of creating hand annotated resources. For instance, we may want to know how people express opinion in a language of interest, what characterize... | 0 |
Automated reply suggestions or smart-replies (SR) are increasingly becoming common in many popular applications such as Gmail (2016), Skype (2017), Outlook (2018), LinkedIn (2017), and Facebook Messenger.Given a message, the problem that SR solves is to suggest short and relevant responses that a person may select with... | 0 |
Biomedical event extraction concerns the detection of statements of biological relations from scientific texts. Events are a formalism for accurately annotating the content of any natural language sentence. They are characterized by typed, directed arguments, annotated trigger words and the ability to nest other events... | 0 |
News, which is an important information source, is reported anytime and anywhere, and is disseminated across geographic barriers through Internet. Detecting the occurrences of new events and tracking the processes of the events (Allan, Carbonell, and Yamron, 2002) are useful for decision-making in this fast-changing ne... | 0 |
Social media such as Twitter has become an everyday part of many people's lives, and play a major role in modern society. There are currently 1.65 billion monthly active users on Facebook (Facebook, 2016) and 310 million on Twitter (Twitter, 2016) . The number of people involved leads to a vast amount of data being sha... | 0 |
The relation extraction (RE) task can be defined as follows: given a sentence S with a pair of nominals e 1 and e 2 , we aim to identify the relationship between e 1 and e 2 . RE is typically investigated in a classification style, where many features have been proposed, e.g., Hendrickx et al. (2010) designed 16 types ... | 0 |
Despite the fact that discourse has long been recognised as a crucial part of translation (Hatim and Mason, 1990) , when it comes to Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), discourse information has been mostly neglected. Recently increasing amounts of effort have been going into addressing discourse explicitly in MT, w... | 0 |
Our understanding of the natural world is rapidly increasing. At the same time, issues in biodiversity are shown to be relevant to many important policy areas, such as climate change, food security and habitat management. Biological taxonomy is a discipline that underlies all of these areas; understanding species, thei... | 0 |
The spread of English as the main global language for education and commerce is continuing, and there is a strong interest in developing assessment systems that can automatically score spontaneous speech from non-native speakers with the goals of reducing the burden on human raters, improving reliability, and generatin... | 0 |
« La réutilisation de texte est l'activité par laquelle des textes écrits pré-existants sont réutilisés pour créer de nouveaux textes ou versions [. . .] il y a réutilisation quand il y a une réalisation consciente d'une transformation d'un texte pour en arriver à un autre » (Clough & Gaizauskas, 2008) . La duplication... | 0 |
In the field of compositional distributional semantics there have been some interesting research, though not too much, making use of a syntaxsensitive vector space to compose the meaning of phrases and sentences (Erk and Padó, 2008; Thater et al., 2010; Erk et al., 2010; Weir et al., 2016) . In those approaches, depend... | 0 |
There is an obvious need for text mining techniques to deal with large volumes of very diverse material, especially since the advent of social media and user-generated content which includes dynamic discussions of wide-ranging and controversial topics.In order to be portable across domains, text genres and languages, c... | 0 |
One of the problems faced by automatic speech recognition, especially of conversational speech, is that of modeling the mapping between words and their possible pronunciations in terms of sub-word units such as phones. While pronouncing dictionaries provide each word's canonical pronunciation(s) in terms of phoneme str... | 0 |
The huge amount of data currently available on the Web allows computer-based knowledge discovery to thrive. The growth in recent years of user-generated content (UGC) -especially the one created by ordinary people -brings forth a new niche of promising practical applications (Krumm et al., 2008) . Textual UGC, such as ... | 0 |
"Cut" verbs belong to a sub-class of physical action verbs (PA verbs) named "hand action verbs with instrument" (Gao, , 2015 . The basic conceptual knowledge that forms the semantics of the verbs include the information of body part, the hand(s) in this case, the cut action in a specific manner, a particular instrument... | 0 |
Nowadays, statistical approach to machine translation constitutes one of the most promising approaches in this field. The rationale behind this approximation is to learn a statistical model from a parallel corpus. A parallel corpus can be defined as a set of sentence pairs, each pair containing a sentence in a source l... | 0 |
SemEval-2019 Task 4 (Kiesel et al., 2019) asks to distinguish between articles that are extremely one-sided, i.e., extreme-left or extreme-right, and such that are not. The organizers provided two datasets:1. By article: A small dataset of 645 manually annotated articles (BA in the following). | 0 |
While long-range contextual dependencies are prevalent in natural language, for tractability reasons, most statistical models capture only local features (Finkel et al., 2005) . Take the sentence in Figure 1 , for example. Here, while it is easy to determine that Interfax in the second sentence is a named entity, it is... | 0 |
News articles influence the dynamics of financial markets. For example, after the release of breaking news, the share prices of related stocks are often observed to move. This suggests the possibility of using natural language processing (NLP) to aid traders by analyzing this influence between news article texts and pr... | 0 |
With the introduction of large scale machine comprehension datasets, machine comprehension models that are highly accurate and efficient in answering questions given raw texts have been proposed recently (Seo et al., 2016; Xiong et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2017c) . While conventional machine comprehension models were gi... | 0 |
Learners of machine translation (MT) systems in the UK today are likely to include not only trainee translators (typically undergraduate or postgraduate students undertaking translation studies degrees), but also existing translators, often operating in a freelance translation context. With regard to MT, these practiti... | 0 |
People are searching information to meet their information needs from their tasks at hand. However, most search engines interact with user in a "one size fits all" fashion and ignore the user's preferences, search context or the task context. The burden is then placed on the user to scan, navigate, and read the retriev... | 0 |
In most of our daily activities, the ability to read quickly and effectively is an undeniable asset, even often a prerequisite (Willms, 2003) . However, a sizeable part of the population is not able to deal adequately with the texts they face. For instance, Richard et al. (1993) reported that, in 92 applications for an... | 0 |
In recent years, recurrent neural networks have been successfully applied in machine translation. In many major language pairs, Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has already outperformed conventional Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) models (Luong et al., 2015b; Wu et al., 2016) .NMT models are generally composed of... | 0 |
Terms are the lexical units to represent the most fundamental knowledge of a domain. Term extraction aims to extract meaningful words or phrases representing domain specific meaning or concepts. Thus two issues are considered in term extraction. The first issue is to identify boundaries of meaningful words and phrases.... | 0 |
Parallel or comparable corpora are routinely harvested from the web or other large resources using automatic or semi-automatic methods (Tiedemann, 2009; Callison-Burch et al., 2009; Fung et al., 2010) . Although this enables rapid collection of large corpora, it also requires fairly automated systems, which process lar... | 0 |
Building a human-like conversational agent is one of long-cherished goals in Artificial Intelligence (AI) (Turing, 2009) . Typical conversations involve exchanging information , recommending something , and completing tasks (Bordes et al., 2016) , most of which rely on background knowledge. However, many dialogue syste... | 0 |
In recent years, with the increase in the popularity of social media platforms, a significant amount of unstructured social media content (posts, tweets, messages etc.) has become available to the research community. People use social media as a platform to share their opinions, emotions, thoughts etc. This information... | 0 |
Many models learn by contrasting losses on observed positive examples with those on some fictitious negative examples, trying to decrease some score on positive ones while increasing it on negative ones. There are multiple reasons why such contrastive learning approach is needed. Computational tractability is one. For ... | 0 |
Research on Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) has shown substantial progress in recent years. Since the success of phrase-based methods (Och and Ney, 2004; , models based on formal syntax (Chiang, 2005) or linguistic syntax Marcu et al., 2006) have also achieved state-of-the-art performance. As a result of the incr... | 0 |
Automatic recognition of user emotional states is a very challenging task that has attracted the attention of the research community for several decades. The goal is to design methods to make computers interact more naturally with human beings. This is a very complex task due to a variety of reasons. One is the absence... | 0 |
There have been recently increasing concerns with the need for anaphora resolution to make NLP applications such as IE and MT more reliable. In particular, for languages such as Japanese, anaphora resolution is crucial for resolving a phrase in a text to its referent since phrases, especially nominative arguments of pr... | 0 |
Sentiment Analysis (SA) involves building systems that recognize the human opinion from a text unit. SA and its applications have spread to many languages and almost every possible domain such as politics, marketing and commerce. With regard to the Arabic language, it is worth noting that the most Arabic social media t... | 0 |
The study of figurative language and affective information expressed in texts is of great interest in sentiment analysis applications because they can change the polarity of a message. The objective of tasks 1 and 3 of Semeval 2018 is the study of these phenomena on Twitter.Task 1 (Mohammad et al., 2018) is related to ... | 0 |
There is a movement in testing to augment the conventional multiple-choice items (i.e., test questions) with short-answer free-response items. Due to the large volume of tests administered yearly by Educational Testing Service (ETS), hand-scoring of these tests with these types of items is costly and time-consuming for... | 0 |
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in a large variety of application domains (Krizhevsky et al., 2012; Bahdanau et al., 2014) . However, the powerful end-to-end learning comes with limitations, including the requirement on massive amount of labeled data, uninterpretability of prediction result... | 0 |
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