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Computational personality recognition is garnering increasing interest with a number of recent workshops exploring the topic (Celli et al., 2014; Tkalčič et al., 2014) . The addition of personality as target traits in the PAN Author Profiling challenge in 2015 (Rangel et al., 2015) is further evidence. Such user modeli... | 0 |
Entity linking (EL; Bunescu and Paşca, 2006; Cucerzan, 2007; Dredze et al., 2010; Hoffart et al., 2011) associates entity mentions in a document with their entries in a knowledge base (KB) . In this work, we focus on cross-lingual entity linking (XEL; McNamee et al., 2011; Ji et al., 2015) where the documents are in a ... | 0 |
and that we are given the folh)wing Japanese input s(,~.tence (sl):(sl) watashi(l)ha de,,t~ku(cah'ulator) w,, shiy-OIISH rll.In the almve exami,h~s , (s l) in likely to Im more similar to (,,1) than (e2), b,~c~use the three Japanese verbs "kyouyotmuru~" "tsakan," and "shiyousuru" are all w~ry simih~r, ~ and "dent~ku" (... | 0 |
The problem of document alignment is described as the task of aligning documents, news articles for instance, across two corpora based on content similarity. The groups of corpora can be in the same or in different languages, depending on the purpose of one's task. In our study, we attempt to align similar documents ac... | 0 |
This paper provides the description for the classification system, submitted by the University of Malta, to the DiscoMT shared task on cross-lingual pronoun prediction (Hardmeier et al., 2015) . In this task, we are concerned with finding the correct French translations for the English third-person subject pronouns it ... | 0 |
Bilingual or multilingual corpora are significant language resources in various language studies, such as language education, comparative linguistics, in particular, NLP. What holds the key position in bilingual resources is how to align linguistic units between two languages. In this context, three fundamental questio... | 0 |
The classification of temporal relations between events in text has been long studied and attacked from different perspectives in the NLP community. However, existing approaches heavily rely on information overtly expressed in text, such as explicit temporal markers (e.g. before, during), the tense, aspect and modality... | 0 |
For the natural language, a common phenomenon is that there exist a lot of ways to express the same or similar meaning. To discover such different expressions, the Recognising Textual Entailment (RTE) task is proposed to judge whether the meaning of one text (denoted as H) can be inferred (entailed) from the other one ... | 0 |
Research in linguistics and language engineering thrives on the availability of data. Traditionally, corpora would be compiled with a specific purpose in mind. Such corpora characteristically were wellbalanced collections of data. In the form of metadata, record was kept of the design criteria, sampling procedures, etc... | 0 |
Sentiment classification is an interesting topic that has been studied for many years (Hatzivassiloglou and McKeown, 1997; Pang et al., 2002; Hong and Fang, 2015) . Word embedding is a widely used technique for sentiment classification tasks, which embeds the words into numerical vector representation before the senten... | 0 |
For better or worse, 2 the overwhelming domination of machine-learning systems in natural language processing (NLP) over the past 25 years and the increasing use of evaluation campaigns and shared tasks have put human-annotated corpora at the heart of the field. Manual annotation is now the place where linguistics hide... | 0 |
This work proposes techniques for leveraging relevance judgments in a source language (English) to train neural models for mono-lingual document retrieval in multiple target (non-English) languages, what we refer to as cross-lingual training. Success in this task would make it easier to develop effective search engines... | 0 |
Offensive language frequently appears on social network interactions 1 . According to Sigurbergsson and Derczynski (2020) offensive language encompass a range of expressions from profanities to much more severe types of language among which is hate speech. Hate speech is usually defined as communications of animosity o... | 0 |
The "one sense per discourse" (OSPD) hypothesis was introduced by Gale et al. (1992) , and stated that a word tends to preserve its meaning when occurring multiple times in a discourse. They estimated that the probability of two occurrences of the same polysemous noun drawn from one document having the same sense to be... | 0 |
Much of natural language work over the past decade has employed probabilistic finite-state transducers (FSTs) operating on strings. This has occurred somewhat under the influence of speech recognition, where transducing acoustic sequences to word sequences is neatly captured by left-to-right stateful substitution. Many... | 0 |
One of the most important challenges with respect to Natural Language Processing is the existence of ambiguity in different levels of natural language. Word sense ambiguity is one of these ambiguities. One solution for dealing with these problems is to generate knowledge repositories where human knowledge about natural... | 0 |
IsoQuest used its commercial software product, NetOwl Extractor, for the MUC-7 Named Entity task. The product consists of a high-speed C ++ engine that analyzes text based on a configuration file containing a pattern rule base and lexicon. IsoQuest used the NameTag Configuration to recognize proper names and other key ... | 0 |
Adding a new modality in an existing oral dialogue system poses many interesting problems. Among these, those which concern the referential phenomena deserve to be quoted. How do the users designate the referents? If several modalities are used, how can we model the various activities on each modality? How to exploit t... | 0 |
Many consumers use the Web to share their experiences about products, services or travel destinations (Yoo and Gretzel, 2008) . Online opinionated texts (e.g., reviews, tweets) are important for consumer decision making (Chevalier and Mayzlin, 2006) and constitute a source of valuable customer feedback that can help co... | 0 |
Many natural language tasks are expressible as string-to-string transductions operating at the character level. Probability models with recurrent neural parameterizations currently hold the state of the art on many such tasks. On those string-to-string transduction tasks that involve a mapping between two strings of di... | 0 |
Recent approaches to statistical speech translation have relied on improving translation quality with the use of phrase translation (Och and Ney, 2003; Koehn, 2004) . The quality of phrase translation is typically measured using n-gram precision based metrics such as BLEU (Papineni et al., 2002) and NIST scores. Howeve... | 0 |
Over the years, social media has become one of the key ways people communicate and share opinions (Pelicon et al., 2019) . These platforms such as Twitter or WhatsApp, have changed the way people communicate (Décieux et al., 2019) . Indeed, the ability to fully or partially hide their identity leads people to publish t... | 0 |
The task of Visual Question Answering (VQA) (Antol et al., 2015) was introduced to bridge the gap between natural language processing and image understanding applications. Most VQA methods focus on the visual aspect of the VQA task and predict the answer by combining the question and image representations. However, vis... | 0 |
Current research, theory, and policy surrounding K-12 instruction in the United States highlight the role of student-centered disciplinary discussions (i.e. discussions related to a specific academic discipline or school subject such as physics or English Language Arts) in instructional quality and student learning opp... | 0 |
Auditory voice quality judgements are used intensively for the clinical assessment of pathologic voice. These judgements aid the indication, selection, evaluation and optimization of clinical treatment techniques. Voice quality types that are typically described include dysphonia, diplophonia and euphonia. The term dys... | 0 |
A multiword expression (MWE) is a phrase or sequence of words which exhibits idiosyncratic behaviour (Sag et al., 2002; Baldwin and Kim, 2009) . The nature of this idiosyncracy may be purely distributional -such as hot and cold being more common than cold and hot -but in this paper we study MWEs with idiosyncratic sema... | 0 |
The eye movements during normal, skilled reading are known to reflect the processing load associated with reading. Recently, eye movement data has been integrated into natural language processing models for weakly supervised part-of-speech (PoS) induction (Barrett et al., 2016) , sentence compression (Klerke et al., 20... | 0 |
There are more than 3.5 million Americans with disabilities who cannot effectively use speech to communicate (Beukelman & Mirenda, 2005) . There are many conditions that can result in such severe speech impairments including cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (A... | 0 |
Given two pieces of sentences S and T , sentence pair modeling (SPM) is a fundamental task whose applications include question answering (Lin, 2007) , natural language inference (Bowman et al., 2015) , paraphrase identification (Socher et al., 2011a) and sentence completion and so on. In general, each of the two senten... | 0 |
Estimates of conditional phrase translation probabilities provide a major source of translation knowledge in phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT) systems. The most widely used method for estimating these probabilities is that of Koehn, et al. (2003) , in which phrase pairs are extracted from word-aligned ... | 0 |
Thanks to its considerable size -a total of more than 50 million articles in 300 different languages today -and its availability online, Wikipedia has found many uses other than those of the traditional encyclopaedia. It is indeed frequently used for research in AI and natural language processing (NLP). For example, va... | 0 |
Learning high-quality sentence embeddings is a fundamental task in Natural Language Processing. The goal is to map semantically similar sentences close together and dissimilar sentences farther apart in the representation space. Many recent successes have been achieved by training on the NLI datasets (Bowman et al., 20... | 0 |
With the growing interest in building semanticallydriven machine translation (MT) systems/evaluation metrics (Carpuat and Wu, 2007; Wu and Fung, 2009b; Wu and Fung, 2009a; Lo and Wu, 2011; Lo et al., 2013; Ma, 2014) , the need for a comprehensive and high performing semantic alignment system has become more pressing. W... | 0 |
Relation extraction is a growing area of research that discovers various predefined semantic relations (e.g., visited, associate, and executive) between entity pairs in text. As a subtask in Information Extraction (IE), this problem has generated much interest and has been formulated as part of Message Understanding Co... | 0 |
Pairwise sentence scoring tasks have wide applications in NLP. They can be used in information retrieval, question answering, duplicate question detection, or clustering. An approach that sets new state-of-the-art performance for many tasks including pairwise sentence scoring is BERT (Devlin et al., 2018) . Both senten... | 0 |
Coreference resolution is a task that aims to identify spans in a text that refer to the same entity. This is central to Natural Language Understanding. We focus on a specific aspect of the coreference resolution that caters to resolving ambiguous pronouns in English. Recent studies have shown that state-of-the-art cor... | 0 |
Until the rise of fully unsupervised techniques that would free our field from its addiction to annotated data, the question of building useful data sets for under-resourced languages at a reasonable cost is still crucial. Whether the lack of labeled data originates from being a minority language status, its almost ora... | 0 |
Applying term clustering methods to hashtags in social media posts is an emerging research thread in language and semantic web technologies. Hashtags often denote named entities and events, as exemplified by an entry from our reference corpus that includes Twitter 1 posts ('tweets') about the Ferguson unrest 2 : "#foxn... | 0 |
Relation extraction (RE) aims to identify the semantic relations between named entities in text. While previous work (Zeng et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2015 focuses on extracting relations within a sentence, a.k.a. sentence-level RE, recent studies (Verga et al., 2018; Sahu et al., 2019; Yao et al., 2019) have escalated... | 0 |
Image captioning systems have improved dramatically over the last few years (Karpathy and Fei-Fei, 2015; Vinyals et al., 2015; Hendricks et al., 2016; Rennie et al., 2017; Anderson et al., 2018) , creating new opportunities to design systems that are not just accurate, but also produce descriptions that include relevan... | 0 |
JANUS is a natural language understanding and generation system that allows the user to interface with several knowledge bases maintained by the U.S. Navy. The knowledge bases contain, among other things, information about the deployment schedules, locations, and readiness conditions of the ships in the Pacific Fleet.b... | 0 |
Contradiction detection (CD) in text is a fundamental task in natural language understanding, and necessary for many applications (De Marneffe et al., 2008; Voorhees, 2008) . For instance, contradictions need to be recognized by question answering systems or multi-document summarization systems (Harabagiu et al., 2006)... | 0 |
L'étude des aspects phonétiques et phonologiques de la nasalisation vocalique remontre à un certain temps mais l'articulation orale des voyelles nasales a été souvent ignorée dans la littérature phonétique et phonologique internationale. Dans une grande partie de la recherche sur la nasalisation vocalique, on a tendanc... | 0 |
A nominal compound (NC) is the concatenation of any two or more nominal concepts which functions as a third nominal concept (Finin, 1980) . (Leonard, 1984) observed that the amount of NCs had been increasing explosively in English in recent years. NCs such as satellite navigation system are abundant in news and technic... | 0 |
Information graphics (non-pictorial graphics such as bar charts and line graphs) are a variant of language with many similarities to other forms of communication. Information graphics are prevalent in information resources since they enable complex information to be assimilated perceptually with ease. Unfortunately, kn... | 0 |
In settings where multilingual speakers share more than one language, mixing two or more languages within a single piece of text, for example a tweet, is getting increasingly common (Grosjean, 2010) . This constitutes a challenge for natural language processing (NLP) systems, since they are commonly designed to handle ... | 0 |
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary 1 , one of the meanings of irony is defined as 'the use of words to express something other than and especially the opposite of the literal meaning' (e.g. I love getting spam emails.). Irony can have different forms, such as verbal, situational, dramatic etc. Sarcasm is also ... | 0 |
Many current, effective natural language processing systems are based on supervised Machine Learning techniques. The parameters of such systems are estimated to best reflect the characteristics of the training data, at the cost of portability: a system will be successful only as long as the training material resembles ... | 0 |
In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the construction of lexical knowledge resources in the field of Natural Language Processing, such as Thesaurus, Wordnets, Mindnet, Hownet, VerbNet, etc. Among these resources, Princeton WordNet 1 , started as an implementation of a psycholinguistic model of the men... | 0 |
Identification of short-text semantic similarity is an important research problem with application in a multitude of NLP tasks: question answering (Yao et al., 2013; Severyn and Moschitti, 2013) , short answer grading (Mohler et al., 2011; Ramachandran et al., 2015 ), text summarization (Dasgupta et al., 2013; Wang et ... | 0 |
Reading comprehension (RC) has become a key benchmark for natural language understanding (NLU) systems, and a large number of datasets are now available (Welbl et al., 2018; Kočiskỳ et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2018, i.a.) . However, it has been established that these datasets suffer from annotation artifacts and other b... | 0 |
With increasing demand from ever more sophisticated NLP applications, interest in extracting and understanding temporal information from texts has seen much growth in recent years. Several works have addressed the problems of representing temporal information in natural language (Setzer, 2001; Hobbs and Pan, 2004; Saur... | 0 |
The task of identifying and classifying entity textual references in open-domain texts, i.e. the Mention Detection (MD) task, has become one of the most important subtasks of Information Extraction (IE). It might intervene both as one step to structure natural language texts or as a text enrichment preprocessing step t... | 0 |
In the last few years there has been increasing interest in Semantic Role Labeling (SRL). It is currently a well defined task with a substantial body of work and comparative evaluation. Given a sentence, the task consists of analyzing the propositions expressed by some target verbs and some constituents of the sentence... | 0 |
The evaluation of Chinese character can be divided into two stages: the ancient stage (before Han dynasty, 202 BC) and the clerical and standard script stage (after Han dynasty) (Qiu et al., 2000) . At the former stage, ancient characters do not have a fixed shape, and their glyphs show several differences respect to m... | 0 |
Multi-document summarization (MDS), the transformation of a set of documents into a short text containing their most important aspects, is a longstudied problem in NLP. Generated summaries have been shown to support humans dealing with large document collections in information seeking tasks (McKeown et al., 2005; Maña-... | 0 |
While masked language models build contextualized word representations, they are pre-trained with losses that minimize distance to uncontextualized word embeddings (Peters et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019) . This objective yields a good initialization for downstream fine-tuning, but the pre-trained representations themse... | 0 |
Speech summarization, a technique of extracting key segments that convey the main content from a spoken document or audio document, has become a new area of study in the last few years. There has been much significant progress made in speech summarization for English or Japanese text and audio sources (Hori and Furui, ... | 0 |
Aujourd'hui, le courrier électronique est le mode de communication le plus populaire. Il est devenu un moyen rapide et économique pour échanger des informations. Cependant, les utilisateurs d'Internet se retrouvent assez vite submergés de quantités astronomiques de messages dont le traitement nécessite un temps considé... | 0 |
This paper presents the SATLab's participation in SemEval-2022 Task 4: Patronizing and Condescending Language Detection. It is a very recent task that aims at identifying passages in texts in which a person is condescending to a vulnerable community (Pérez-Almendros et al., 2020; Wang and Potts, 2019) . The task organi... | 0 |
It is well known that many traditional natural language processing systems are focused on standard texts, and their performance drops when used on another domain. This is also called the problem of domain adaptation. Recently, much focus has been on the notoriously noisy domain of social media. The hasty and informal n... | 0 |
The principle of using statistical measures of cooccurrence from corpora as a proxy for word association -by comparing observed frequencies of co-occurrence with expected frequencies -is relatively young. One of the most well known computational studies is that of Church & Hanks (1989) . The method by which co-occurren... | 0 |
Beginning in 2005, a number of states began passing "Stand Your Ground" laws-legal protections for the use of deadly force in self-defense. Within a few years, at least two dozen states implemented a version of the this legislation (Garrett and Jansa, 2015) . Though each state passed its own variant, there is striking ... | 0 |
English has become an international language. It is the lingua-franca that unites native speakers of other languages around the world (Lysandrou and Lysandrou, 2003) . For that reason, it is not hard to believe that the teaching of English as a Second Language 1 has caught a lot of attention from the research community... | 0 |
Argumentation mining involves the task of automatically extracting an author's argumentation for taking a specific stance. This includes, e.g., to extract premises and conclusion, or the relationship between arguments, such as argument and counter-argument (Green et al., 2014; Habernal and Gurevych, 2015) . In a corpus... | 0 |
For over a decade, poet Christian Bök has been working on The Xenotext (Bök, 2008) , a literary experiment which aims to insert poetry into the DNA of an extremophile organism. In contrast to popular modern data storage mediums like paper and hard disks, DNA is more robust to accidents, and requires minimal maintenance... | 0 |
In this paper we argue that the LingSync/OLD project is a sustainable new model for data management which facilitates a feedback loop between fieldworkers, language communities, computational linguists, and software developers, thereby improving the effectiveness of language documentation efforts for low-resource langu... | 0 |
The popularity and ubiquity of social media allows access to a wide variety of spontaneous language enabling researchers to study language variation across space and time at large scale (Eisenstein et al., 2010; Eisenstein, 2016) . Through language analysis, social media data showed the potential to compliment or in pa... | 0 |
Biomedical events play an important role in improving biomedical research in many ways. Some of its applications include pathway curation and development of domain specific semantic search engine (Ananiadou et al., 2015) . So as to gain attraction among researchers many challenges such as BioNLP'09 (Kim et al., 2009) ,... | 0 |
The Universal Dependencies project (Nivre et al., 2016) has made available multiple treebanks for the same language annotated according to the same scheme, leading to a new wave of research which explores ways to use multiple treebanks in monolingual parsing (Shi et al., 2017; Sato et al., 2017; Che et al., 2017; Stymn... | 0 |
In this paper, we describe systems for translation between German (de) and Upper Sorbian (hsb), German (de) and Lower Sorbian (dsb), and Russian (ru) and Chuvash (cv) developed at LMU Munich for the WMT21 shared task on unsupervised and very low resource machine translation (MT).Upper Sorbian is a minority language spo... | 0 |
Document summarization -producing the shorter version of a document while preserving salient information (Mani, 2001; Nenkova and McKeown, 2011) -is challenging even for humans. Today, systems can generate summaries with a high level of fluency and coherence. This is due to recent advances such as sequence-to-sequence ... | 0 |
Automatic document summarization is the problem of constructing a short text describing the main points in a (set of) document(s). Example applications range from generating short summaries of news articles, to presenting snippets for URLs in web-search. In this paper we focus on extractive multi-document summarization... | 0 |
Similar to spoken languages, sign language has rich grammar rules and unique linguistic structures (Yin et al., 2021a; Emmorey, 2001) . Elements of prosody such as rhythm, stress, or lengthening play important roles in distinguishing meaning and signaling intensification in sign language (Figure 1 ), similar to spoken ... | 0 |
Understanding humor has been a large area of research for fields such as psychology, linguistics, and even health research (Wolff et al., 1934; Norrick, 1993; Knapp et al., 1992) . It is an intrinsic aspect of our nature, yet often fickle and difficult for even humans to understand. Computational research in the field ... | 0 |
Punjabi is the mother tongue of more than 110 million people of Pakistan (66 million), India (44 million) and many millions in America, Canada and Europe. It has been written in two mutually incomprehensible scripts Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi for centuries. Punjabis from Pakistan are unable to comprehend Punjabi written in... | 0 |
The main objective of the research project SI-NUS is to provide a semantic technology-based environment facilitating development of Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL) applications, which are able to reuse existing heterogeneous software systems. The SINUS environment has a service oriented architecture allowing unified... | 0 |
Medical patient reports consist mainly of free text. While numerical data can be stored and processed (relatively) easily, free text is rather difficult to process by a computer, although in many cases it contains the most relevant information.The use of natural language does not facilitate the automation of. these tas... | 0 |
Multiple applications built upon social media data have emerged and recently gained attention from a wide range of research fields. For example, public surveillance systems have shown success in employing Twitter data to detect the emergence of diseases (Tuarob et al., 2013b; Tuarob et al., 2014) , emergency needs duri... | 0 |
Neural language models have led to huge improvements across many tasks in the last few years (Peters et al., 2018; Devlin et al., 2019; Radford et al., 2019) .1 They compute embeddings for words and word pieces. But when we describe the semantics of a sentence, we talk about entities and events and their relations, not... | 0 |
The amount of scientific knowledge that is publicly available has increased dramatically in the past few years. For example, PubMed, a search engine of biomedical publications, 1 now indexes over 25 million papers, 17 million of which were published between 1990 and the present. This information overload yields two cri... | 0 |
Language is rife with ambiguity. Sentences can be structurally ambiguous, pronouns can be referentially ambiguous, and words can be polysemous. The human language faculty deals remarkably well with the omnipresent ambiguity, so well in fact that we are rarely aware of the multiple alternatives that are available. Despi... | 0 |
A number of studies using different experimental paradigms (priming, self-paced reading, etc.) have shown that verbs (eat) activate expectations about nouns occurring as their arguments (cheese) (McRae et al., 1998) , and vice versa (McRae et al., 2005) . Nouns also activate expectations about other nouns occurring as ... | 0 |
It is well known that WSD constitutes one of the hardest problems in Natural Language Processing, yet is a necessary step in a large range of applications including machine translation, knowledge acquisition, coreference, information retrieval and others. This motivates a continuously increasing number of researchers t... | 0 |
The effectiveness of a broad class of cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) techniques that are based on term-by-term translation depends on the coverage and accuracy of the available translation lexicon(s). Two types of translation lexicons are commonly used, one based on translation knowledge extracted from bil... | 0 |
All statistical TTS models require some training data to learn the mapping from text to speech. Unit selection TTS models are capable of producing an intelligible voice using less than 2 hours of aligned speech (Conkie, 1999) . HMM-based TTS models can produce somewhat natural-sounding speech using less than 500 uttera... | 0 |
Task-oriented semantic parsing-mapping textual utterances to semantic frames-is a critical component of modern conversational AI systems (Gupta et al., 2018; Aghajanyan et al., 2020) . Recent methodology casts parsing as transduction, using seq2seq pre-trained transformers to produce linearized parse trees (Aghajanyan ... | 0 |
Recently, the performance of machine translation is greatly improved by applying neural networks partially in a Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) pipeline (Zou et al., 2013) or training a end-to-end neural network based machine translation model (Sutskever et al., 2014) . The latter approach, or Neural Machine Tran... | 0 |
Interpretation of neural models is a difficult task because the knowledge learned within neural networks is distributed across hundreds of thousands of parameters. Interpreting the significance of any individual neuron is tantamount to reconstructing a forest based on a single pine needle. More specifically, the contri... | 0 |
The rapid growth of full-text electronic publications in bioscience has made it necessary to cre-ate information systems that allow biologists to navigate and search efficiently among them. Images are usually important experimental results that are typically reported in full-text bioscience articles. An image is worth ... | 0 |
Unsupervised learning of natural language is one of the most challenging areas in NLP. Recently, methods from nonparametric Bayesian statistics have been gaining popularity as a way to approach unsupervised learning for a variety of tasks, including language modeling, word and morpheme segmentation, parsing, and machin... | 0 |
In statistical machine translation, for the diversity of natural languages, the word order of source and target language may differ and searching through all possible translations is NP-hard (Knight, 1999) . So some measures have to be taken to reduce search space: either using a search algorithm with pruning technique... | 0 |
With the emergence of social media, a novel type of language evolved. This 'online' language contains many new phenomena, like slang, acronyms and shortened words. However, most natural language processing tools are designed to process standard texts. Due to these differences, performance of NLP tools often drop dramat... | 0 |
Applying neural networks to statistical machine translation has been gaining increasing attention recently. Neural network language and translation models have been successfully applied to rescore the first-pass decoding output (Le et al., 2012; Sundermeyer et al., 2014; Hu et al., 2014; Guta et al., 2015) . These mode... | 0 |
A statistical language model (LM) is a model which assigns a probability to a sequence of words. It is used in speech recognition, machine translation, part-of-speech tagging, information retrieval and other applications. Data sparsity is a major problem in building traditional n-gram language models, which assume that... | 0 |
Designing a spoken dialogue system is a timeconsuming and challenging task. A developer may spend a lot of time and effort anticipating the potential needs of a specific application environment and then deciding on the most appropriate system action (e.g. confirm, present items,. . . ). One of the key advantages of sta... | 0 |
A large number of spoken dialogue systems have been investigated and many systems are deployed in the real world. Spoken dialogue applications that interact with a diversity of users are available on smart-phones. However, current applications are based on simple question answering and the system requires a clear query... | 0 |
Optical character recognition (OCR) is a technique for moving text resources from paper medium to electronic form, something that is often needed in our computerised society. Companies and authorities want to make old material machine readable or searchable. Unfortunately, it does not get us all the way. With good pape... | 0 |
Automatic analysis of the rhythmic patterns in poetry may appear deceptively simple. In fact, however, it presents a challenge for structured prediction methods in NLP on par with the most difficult language analysis tasks tackled today. What makes assigning rhythm to written poetry-i.e. "scansion"-a particularly knott... | 0 |
In the past, most of previous works on text classification focus on classifying text documents into a set of flat categories. The task is to classify documents into a predefined set of categories (or classes) (Lewis and Ringuetee, 1994; Eui-Hong and Karypis, 2000) where there are no structural relationships among these... | 0 |
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