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Semantic relation extraction between named entities (aka. entity relation extraction or more concisely relation extraction) is an important subtask of Information Extraction (IE) as well as Natural Language Processing (NLP). With its aim to identify and classify the semantic relationship between two entities (ACE 2002 ... | 0 |
In recent years, dependency parsing has gained universal interest due to its usefulness in a wide range of applications such as synonym generation (Shinyama et al., 2002) , relation extraction (Nguyen et al., 2009) and machine translation (Katz-Brown et al., 2011; Xie et al., 2011) . Several supervised dependency parsi... | 0 |
Human judgements of translation quality are very expensive. For this reason automatic MT evaluation metrics are used to as an approximation by comparing predicted translations to human authored references. An early MT evaluation metric, BLEU (Papineni et al., 2002) , is still the most commonly used metric in automatic ... | 0 |
Text Simplification is a task that focuses on improving the readability and understandability of text while preserving the original content and meaning. Text Simplification applications have been shown to benefit a variety of target audiences, including readers with low-literacy levels (Mason, 1978) , non-native speake... | 0 |
In recent years, there are growing interests in incorporating semantics into statistical machine translation (SMT) (Wu and Fung, 2009; Liu and Gildea, 2010; Gao and Vogel, 2011; Baker et al., 2012) . Among all existing semantic representations, semantic role labeling (SRL) aims at automatically analyzing predicate-argu... | 0 |
Wide-coverage language processing systems require large amounts of knowledge about individual words, leading to a lexical acquisition bottleneck. Because verbs play a central role in the syntactic and semantic interpretation of a sentence, much research has focused on automatically learning properties of verbs from tex... | 0 |
In this work we introduce a new dataset, MuDoCo, composed of a total of 8,429 dialogs with an average of 5.36 turns per dialog. The dataset contains authored dialogs between a ficional user and system, where the user asks the system to perform extensive tasks within multiple domains, as well as switch across a set of 6... | 0 |
Instructional texts (e.g., How To Guides) describe how to accomplish a given goal and are integral to our daily lives. One popular source is WikiHow 1 which is an online platform that allows users to collaborate to create and maintain such guides. This kind of documentation must be clear, and if it is not then this is ... | 0 |
Due to the rapid growth in publications, researchers are faced with the problem of having to extract relevant information out of an enormous number of journals, conference papers and workshop proceedings. Thus, the demand for a deeper, machine-driven understanding has gained interest in the research community, with app... | 0 |
With the unprecedented advances in social media in recent years and the availability of smartphones with high-quality cameras, we witness an explosive boost of multimodal data, such as movies, short-form videos, etc. In real life, multimodal data usually consists of three channels: visual (image), acoustic (voice), and... | 0 |
The Burmese (or Myanmar) language belongs to the Sino Tibetan language family. It is the largest nonChinese lan guage from that family (Jenny and Tun, 2016) with the to tal number of speakers in Myanmar and abroad is estimated at around 43 million: 33 million native (L1) speakers with the additional population of 10 mi... | 0 |
With the recent progress of automatic speech recognition (ASR) and machine translation (MT), speech translation has become an active research domain. The most commonly used speech translation model is the cascaded approach, which treats ASR and MT as black boxes, and use words as the basic unit for information sharing ... | 0 |
In recent years, researchers around the world came to realize the usefulness of social media data for extracting health information. The Social Media Mining for Health Applications (#SMM4H) Shared Task 2020 (Klein et al., 2020) brings to the forefront the problem of extracting information from health social media posts... | 0 |
With the rapid development of the Internet, the generation of online content has been near exponential during the last few years. A snapshot of the amount of online content generated per minute is shown in Figure 1 . One of the items (shown by Figure 1 : Statistics of UGC generated per minute 2 an arrow) in this figure... | 0 |
Le signal visuel joue un rôle important dans la perception de la parole. L'effet "cocktail party" (Cherry, 1953) , les gains d'intelligibilité dans le bruit grâce à la lecture labiale (Sumby et Pollack, 1954 ), l'effet McGurk (McGurk et McDonald, 1976 ) montrent bien l'influence de l'information visuelle sur la parole ... | 0 |
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (Steedman, 2000) (CCG) is widely used for natural language processing for its desirable properties of generative expressiveness and its transparent interface of syntax and underlying semantic interpretation. CCG has been used for creating fast and accurate parsers (Hockenmaier and Steedma... | 0 |
Communicating with humans is a long-standing goal in AI, and has been studied in the context of natural language for decades. Many of the key challenges in this task, such as using a shared understanding of the world, commonsense reasoning, and metaphor are, however, not language-specific, but are instead general-purpo... | 0 |
A central concern of semantic underspecification (van Deemter and Peters, 1996) is the underspecification of the scope of variable binding operators such as quantifiers (Hobbs and Shieber, 1987; Alshawi, 1990; Reyle, 1993) . This immediately raises the conceptual problem of how to avoid variable-capturing when instanti... | 0 |
Experimental work in psycholinguistics has provided evidence for the so-called parallelism preference effect: speakers processes coordinated structures more quickly when the two conjuncts have the same internal syntactic structure. The processing advantage for parallel structures has been demonstrated for a range coord... | 0 |
Search engines can easily serve highly relevant documents for common ("head") queries, simply by using past user click data for these queries. But there is no sufficient click data, if any at all, for rare ("tail") queries and new queries. For such queries search engines have to resort to more sophisticated methods tha... | 0 |
L'interdiction des langues des signes (LS) durant des années a eu, sans aucun doute, un impact crucial sur la nature et le nombre d'études linguistiques portant sur ces langues. C'est à (Stokoe, 1960) que revient le mérite d'attester le statut linguistique de l'ASL et donc des autres langues des signes. L'objectif de s... | 0 |
Vector representations of words date back to the 1990's (Landauer and Dumais, 1997) and have seen an increasing success over the past years (Mikolov et al., 2013; Pennington et al., 2014; Devlin et al., 2018) . While there seems to be a consensus about the usefulness of word embeddings and how to learn them, it is stil... | 0 |
A catchy, memorable and creative name is an important key to a successful business since the name provides the first image and defines the identity of the service to be promoted. A good name is able to state the area of competition and communicate the promise given to customers by evoking semantic associations. However... | 0 |
In his semi-autobiographic work about his time traveling through Germany, A Tramp Abroad, Twain (1880) recounted his difficulty when learning the German gender system: "Every noun has a gender, and there is no sense or system in the distribution; so the gender of each must be learned separately and by heart. In German,... | 0 |
In the SIGTYP 2021 Shared Task, participants are asked to predict language IDs from speech recordings. The novelty of this Shared Task consists in (i) the variety of the languages involved, which comprises very different language genera/families (see Table 1 ), and (ii) the use of speech form.Indeed, many linguistics-r... | 0 |
For many years, a key focus in Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) has been providing text processing capabilities to those for whom direct selection of symbols on a keyboard (virtual or otherwise) is not a viable option. In lieu of direct selection, a binary (yes/no) response can be given through any numb... | 0 |
The IFCASL corpus is a French-German bilingual phonetic learner corpus designed, recorded and annotated in the project IFCASL (Individualized Feedback in Computer-Assisted Spoken Language Learning <www.ifcasl. org>) (Trouvain et al. 2013; Fauth et al. 2014) .The motivation for setting up this corpus was that there is n... | 0 |
The quantity of available medical literature increases daily Tsatsaronis et al., 2015) , however, it is often provided in a non-systematized, free form. The development of BERT (Devlin et al., 2018) , and the increased popularity of transfer learning in natural language processing (NLP), prompted notable works that aim... | 0 |
Self-disclosure is a communicative act that helps people develop close relationships (Altman and Taylor, 1973) through reciprocal sharing of personal information, promoting maintenance of trust and security (Bruss and Hill, 2010) . It is defined as the "process of making the self known to others" (Joinson and Paine, 20... | 0 |
With powerful neural networks and abundant well-labeled corpora, named entity recognition (NER) models have achieved promising performances (Huang et al., 2015; Ma and Hovy, 2016; Akbik et al., 2018; Li et al., 2020a) . However, in many scenarios, available training data is lowquality, which means a portion of named en... | 0 |
Morphological analysis aims to identify languages' word-internal structures. Early approaches to the computational analysis of morphology modeled the structure of each language with hand-built rules, (e.g. Sproat, 1992) . Such systems require a significant amount of work from domain experts, and while they tend to be v... | 0 |
Nowadays, machine translation (MT) is a significant technology that represents an essential part of natural language processing systems. The quality and the number of specialized dictionaries of the software define the efficiency of machine translation (González-Rubio & Casacuberta, 2014) . According to European Commis... | 0 |
Somewhat obviously, plan recognition is the process of inferring an agent's plan from observation of the agent's actions. The agent's actions can be physical actions or speech actions. Four principal methods for plan recognition have been proposed in the literature. The methods are plausible inference (Allen [1] , Carb... | 0 |
Grammatical Framework (GF) (Ranta, 2004 ) is a grammar formalism designed in particular to serve as an interlingua platform for natural language applications in sublanguage domains. A domain can be described using the GF grammar formalism and then processed by GF. Such descriptions are called application grammars.A res... | 0 |
Broad-coverage semantic parsing aims at mapping any natural language text, regardless of its domain, genre, or even the language itself, into a general-purpose meaning representation. As a long-standing topic of interest in computational linguistics, broad-coverage semantic parsing has targeted a number of meaning repr... | 0 |
Linguistically motivated analysis of text provides much useful information for subsequent processing. However, this is generally at the cost of reduced coverage, due both to the difficulty of providing analyses for all phenomena, and the complexity of implementing these analyses. In this paper we present a method of id... | 0 |
Speculation and its impact on argumentation has been studied by linguists and logicians since at least as far back as Aristotle (trans 1991, 1407a, 1407b) , and under the category of linguistic "hedges" since Lakoff (1973) . Practical application of this research has emerged due to the efforts to create a biomedical da... | 0 |
An idiom is a multi-word expression that has a figurative meaning that is comprehended in regard to a common use of that expression that is separate from the literal meaning or definition of the words of which it is made (McArthur, 1992) . From a linguistic perspective, idioms are usually presumed to be figures of spee... | 0 |
Argumentation mining is a growing sub-area of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics whose aim is to automatically extract arguments from generic textual corpora (Lippi and Torroni, 2016a) . The problem is typically broken down into focused sub-problems such as the identification of sentences containing ... | 0 |
Reproduction studies are becoming more common in Natural Language Processing (NLP), with the first shared tasks being organised, including RE-PROLANG (Branco et al., 2020) and ReproGen (Belz et al., 2021b) . In NLP, reproduction studies generally address the following question: if we create and/or evaluate this system ... | 0 |
Twitter is a widely used social networking service. With millions of active users and hundreds of millions of new published tweets every day 1 , it has become a popular platform to capture and transmit the human experiences of the moment. Many tweet related researches are inspired, from named entity recognition (Liu et... | 0 |
Grammar engineering is the modeling of language rules in a machine-readable fashion, such that the resulting system (the grammar) can parse grammatical strings while not overgenerating (licensing incorrect or spurious analyses). Linguistic grammar engineering prioritizes precision (how many parses are syntactically and... | 0 |
Reasoning about locations is essential for many NLP tasks, such as, for example, Information Extraction. Knowledge on place names comes normally from a Named Entity Recognition module. Unfortunately, most state-of-the-art Named Entity Recognition systems support very coarse-grained classifications and thus can distingu... | 0 |
Ethnic minorities are disadvantaged in the employment market (Zschirnt and Ruedin, 2016; Andriessen et al., 2012) , despite laws that protect them. If people read a job advertisement, and get the sense that the employer will not consider their applications fairly, they will not apply (Verwiebe et al., 2016) . This chil... | 0 |
The raw output from automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems does not have sentence bound-aries or punctuation symbols. Spontaneous speech also contains a significant proportion of disfluency. Researchers have shown that splitting input sequences into sentences and adding in punctuation symbols improve machine transl... | 0 |
Recent work on natural language understanding has mainly focused on shallow semantic analysis, such as semantic role labeling and word-sense disambiguation. This paper considers a more ambitious task of semantic parsing, which is the construction of a complete, formal, symbolic, meaning representation (MR) of a sentenc... | 0 |
In recent years, the popularity of social networking and microblogging sites has increased, attracting more and more users. With this huge user base, social media will continue to release a large number of user-generated content. As the use of social media has grown, other undesirable phenomena and behaviors have emerg... | 0 |
In this paper, we explore some linguistic high-level features to detect food-health relationships in natural language texts that are perceived reliable. By foodhealth relationships we mean relations that claim that a food item is suitable (1) or unsuitable (2) for some particular health condition.(1) Baking soda is an ... | 0 |
Evaluation is of paramount importance to Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computer Vision (CV). Automatic evaluation is the primary mechanism to drive and measure progress due to its simplicity and efficiency (Resnik and Lin, 2010; Church and Hestness, 2019) . However, Figure 1 : What is the ground truth? Examples... | 0 |
When it comes to computer processing of humor two main areas exist, humor recognition and humor generation (Binsted et al., 2006) . This paper falls under generation. We present a system that automatically creates short stand-up comedy like performances. Most generation systems only generate simple types of jokes, by t... | 0 |
In the era of ever advancing medical sciences and the age of the internet, a remarkable amount of medical literature is constantly being posted online. This has led to a need for an effective retrieval and indexing system which can allow us to extract meaningful information from these vast knowledge sources. One of the... | 0 |
We have been using morphological analysis to develop REVISE, a revision support system that corrects Japanese input errors (Ikehara, Yasuda, Shimazaki, and Takagi, 1987; Ohara, Takagi, Hayashi, and Takeishi, 1991) . REVISE can detect and correct various types of errors, such as character deletion, character insertion a... | 0 |
Entrainment, also termed alignment, adaptation, priming or coordination, is the phenomenon of conversational partners becoming more similar to each other in what they say, how they say it, and other behavioral phenomena. Entrainment has been shown to occur for numerous aspects of spoken language, including speakers' ch... | 0 |
The increasing progress in Natural Language Processing is closely related with development of word representations. The context-independent word embeddings, such as word2vec (Mikolov et al., 2013) and fastText (Bojanowski et al., 2017) brought the idea of measuring the relatedness of the meanings as the distance betwee... | 0 |
Over the last decade, dependency parsers for resource-rich languages have steadily continued to improve. In parallel, significant research efforts have been dedicated towards advancing crosslingual parsing. This direction seeks to capitalize on existing annotations in resource-rich languages by transferring them to the... | 0 |
Speakers tend to follow the listener's behavior in order to determine whether their communicated message was received and understood. This phenomenon is known as grounding, it is well established in the dialogue literature (Clark, 1996) , and it plays an important role in collaborative tasks and goal-oriented conversat... | 0 |
Interpersonal communication plays an important role in information exchange and idea sharing in our daily life. We are involved in a wide variety of dialogues every day, ranging from kitchen table conversations to online discussions, all help us make decisions, better understand important social issues, and form person... | 0 |
The task of automatic document summarization aims at finding the most relevant informations in a text and presenting them in a condensed form. A good summary should retain the most important contents of the original document or a cluster of related documents, while being coherent, non-redundant and grammatically readab... | 0 |
Discourse connectives are generally understood as explicit indicators of discourse relations within a text. However, there is not any shared and generally accepted definition of them. Therefore, various authors dealing with discourse studies try to give a list of connectives for the given language and to describe their... | 0 |
Semantic role labeling (SRL) is the task of identifying arguments for a predicate and assigning semantically meaningful labels to them. A semantic role represents a semantic relation between a predicate and one of its arguments. Typical semantic roles include agent, patient, source, goal, and so forth, that are core to... | 0 |
English has been used as a lingua franca across the world, but the usage differs. The variabilities in English introduced by dialects, cultures, and non-native speakers result in different syntax and words expressing similar meanings and in different meanings attributed to similar expressions. These differences are a s... | 0 |
Text prediction is the task of suggesting the next word, phrase or sentence while the user is typing. It is an assisted data entry function that aims to save time and effort by reducing the number of keystrokes needed and to improve text quality by preventing misspellings, promoting adoption of standard terminologies a... | 0 |
Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a crucial task and long-standing problem in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Previous researches mainly exploit two kinds of resources. Knowledge-based methods (Lesk, 1986; Moro et al., 2014; Basile et al., 2014) exploit the lexical knowledge like gloss to infer the correct senses o... | 0 |
When we read a book, we maintain representations of the characters and events in the text that help us understand the story. We do this with a selective memorisation process; most of the finer details of the text are quickly forgotten and we retain a relatively compact representation of the book's details.Early models ... | 0 |
Question generation (QG) is a challenging NLP task, where both language form and meaning play a vital role in the production of questions that have to be well-formed and meaningfully related to the envisaged answer. Neural models have been shown to be very promising for QG, with most recent approaches formulating the t... | 0 |
Researchers at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) have developed the Medical Text Indexer (MTI) for the automatic indexing of the biomedical literature (Aronson et al., 2004) . The unsupervised methods within MTI were later successfully combined with machine learning techniques and applied to the classification tas... | 0 |
Neural Machine Translation (NMT) utilizes local context captured from the mapping between the bitexts to disambiguate the meaning of words. While existing NMT models can handle meaning ambiguities based on local contexts learned from explicit collocations, it remains a challenge for NMT to produce accurate results for ... | 0 |
The goal of Information Retrieval (IR) is finding answer suited to user question from massive document collections with satisfied response time. With the exponential growth of information on the Web, user is expecting to find answer more fast with less effort. Current IR systems especially focus on improving precision ... | 0 |
This paper describes a Spanish3Catalan machine translation system, interNOSTRUM. The main reason for the demand of translations from Spanish (official language of Spain) into Catalan is the impulse toward linguistic normalization' in the Catalan-speaking areas (10 million inhabitants, about 6 million speakers) where Ca... | 0 |
The task of relation classification (RC) is to predict semantic relations between pairs of entities inside a context. It is an important NLP task since it serves as an intermediate step in variety of NLP applications. There are many works that apply deep neural networks (DNN) to relation classification (Socher et al., ... | 0 |
In recent years, more emphasis has been given to the usefulness of controlled source languages in MT (cf. Adriaens and Schreurs, 1992 and the references cited there). In this paper, we focus on the use of controlled input languages in the KANT translation system (Mitamura, et al., 1991) . Controlled English is used to ... | 0 |
Recent advances in neural sequence learning and pre-trained language models yield strong (humanlevel) performance on several reading comprehension datasets (Lan et al., 2020; Raffel et al., 2019) . However, state-of-the-art results mainly rely on large-scale annotated corpora, which are often timeconsuming and costly t... | 0 |
Word processors or computers used in Japan ordinarily employ Japanese input method through keyboard stroke combined with Kana (phonetic) to Kanji (ideographic, Chinese) character conversion teclmology. The Kana-to-Kanji conversion is performed by the morphological analysis on the input Kana string with no space between... | 0 |
Machine Translation (MT) Evaluation (MTE) has lacked standards for metrics since the beginning of MT technology, despite concerted efforts throughout its history. There is no meaningful ground truth for MT, since anything can be expressed and translated correctly in many different ways. Statistically valid subjective j... | 0 |
Parsing a sentence means reading the input text into an internal representation, which makes the relations of the constituents explicit. In symbolic parsing, the result is usually a semantic network structure, e.g. a conceptual dependency representation [17; 3] , or a syntactic parse tree augmented with semantic restri... | 0 |
It is a characteristic of natural language that a large proportion of running words in a corpus corresponds to a very small fraction of the vocabulary. An analysis of the Brown Corpus has shown that the hundred most frequent words account for 42% of the corpus, while only 0.1% in the vocabulary. On the other hand, word... | 0 |
Information overload, i.e. the presence of an excessive amount of data from which to search for relevant information, is a common problem to Information Retrieval (IR) and its subdiscipline of Question Answering (QA), that aims at finding concise answers to questions in natural language. In Web-based QA in particular, ... | 0 |
Automatic emotion detection is a longstanding and challenging problem in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning. One reason why emotion analysis is so difficult is due to the fact that emotions are somewhat subjective, which affects how emotions are perceived and subsequently labeled by human annotat... | 0 |
Improving the intellibility of multidocument summaries remains a significant challenge. While most previous approaches to multidocument summarization have addressed the problem of reducing repetition, less attention has been paid to problems of coherence and cohesion. In a typical extractive system (e.g. Goldstein et a... | 0 |
This paper documents experiments with an unsupervised method for extending a wordnet with new words and automatically identifying the appropriate hypernymy relations. Using word embeddings trained on a large corpus of news text (~330 million tokens), candidate hypernyms for a given target word are identified by computi... | 0 |
End-to-end neural models have generally replaced the traditional NLP pipeline, and with it, the error cascades and feature engineering common to such systems, preferring instead to let the model automatically induce its own sophisticated representations. Tokenization, however, is one of the few holdovers from that era,... | 0 |
A segment is considered as undergoing weakening, also known as lenition, if it is subject to a transformation that ultimately ends with segmental deletion. Conversely, a segment can be said to undergo strengthening, also known as fortition, if it follows the reverse path (even though this definition can be debated; Hon... | 0 |
Discourse relations refer to various relations between elementary discourse units(EDUs) in discourse structures, these relations are usually expressed explicitly or implicitly by certain surface words known as discourse connectives(DCs).Distribution of DCs varies between different languages. Let's just take Chinese and... | 0 |
Of all the passions of mankind, the love of novelty most rules the mind.This quote by Shelby Foote 1 sums up the importance of novelty in our existence. Most of the breakthrough discoveries and remarkable inventions throughout history, from flint for starting a fire to self-driving cars, have something in common: They ... | 0 |
Automated extraction of bio-events from the scientific literature is an important research stage towards extraction of bio-networks, and is the main focus of bio-text-mining [1] .An event represents a biochemical process, e.g. a protein-protein interaction or chemicalprotein interaction, within a signalling pathway or ... | 0 |
Neural Machine Translation (NMT; Kalchbrenner and Blunsom (2013) ; Bahdanau et al. (2015) ) now represents the state-of-the-art adapted in most machine translation systems (Wu et al., 2016; Crego et al., 2016; Bojar et al., 2017a) , largely due to its ability to benefit from end-to-end training on massive amounts of da... | 0 |
The adaptation problem is a very common issue in statistical machine translation (SMT), where it is frequent to have very large collections of bilingual data belonging to e.g. proceedings from international entities such as the European Parliament or the United Nations. However, if we are currently interested in transl... | 0 |
Understanding and automatically processing the natural language semantics is a central task for computational linguistics and its related fields. At the same time, inference tasks are regarded as the best way of testing an NLP systems's semantic capacity (Cooper et al., 1996, p. 63) . Following this view, recognizing t... | 0 |
The design and implementation of broad-coverage and linguistically motivated meaning representation frameworks for natural language is attracting growing attention in recent years. With the advent of deep neural network-based machine learning techniques, we have made significant progress to automatically parse sentence... | 0 |
Many NLP tasks follow the pattern of taking raw text as input and then: detecting relevant spans and classifying the relations between those spans. Examples of this include Relation Extraction (Li and Ji, 2014) , Coreference Resolution (Ng, 2010) and Semantic Role Labeling (Gildea and Jurafsky, 2002) . This class of NL... | 0 |
Thanks to the rapid increase of computing power, large-scale pre-training has been breaking the glass ceiling for natural language processing tasks (Liu et al., 2018; Peters et al., 2018; Devlin et al., 2019; Brown et al., 2020) . However, with great power comes great challenges: the required excessive computational co... | 0 |
In this paper, we present a block-based model for statistical machine translation. A block is a pair of phrases which are translations of each other. For example, Fig. 1 shows an Arabic-English translation example that usesb locks. During decoding, we view translation as a block segmentation process, where the input se... | 0 |
There is a strong argument to be made for bringing together computational and documentary linguistics in order to support the documentation and description of endangered languages (Abney and Bird, 2010; Bird, 2009) . Documentation, description, and revitalization work for endangered languages, as well as efforts to pro... | 0 |
Recent years have seen growing interest in the development of parsing systems that support graphstructured target representations, notably various forms of semantic dependency graphs, where it is natural to move beyond fully connected trees, as are dominant in syntactic dependency parsing. The SemEval 2014 and 2015 tas... | 0 |
Le projet Outilex 1 vise à mettre à la disposition de la recherche, du développement et de l'industrie une plate-forme logicielle de traitement des langues naturelles ouverte et compatible avec l'utilisation d'XML, d'automates finis et de ressources linguistiques. En raison de son ambition internationale, Outilex a éga... | 0 |
It is widely acknowledged that human translators can benefit from a wide range of applications in computational linguistics, including Machine Translation (Carl and Way, 2003) , Translation Memory (Planas and Furuse, 2000) , etc. There have been recent research on tools detecting translation equivalents for technical v... | 0 |
Obtaining multiple annotator judgements on the same data instances is a common practice in NLP in order to improve the quality of final labels (Snow et al., 2008; Nowak and Rüger, 2010) . In case of disagreements between annotations, they are often aggregated by majority voting, averaging (Sabou et al., 2014) , or adju... | 0 |
The most widely used computer-assisted translation (CAT) tool for professional translation of specialized text is translation memory (TM) technology (Christensen and Schjoldager, 2010) . TM consists of a database of previously translated material, referred to as the TM vault or the TM bank (TMB in the rest of this pape... | 0 |
The Coreference Resolution task of BioNLP focused on finding anaphoric references to proteins and genes. Only antecedent-anaphora pairs are considered in evaluation and not full coreference sets. Although it might not seem to be necessary to generate full coreference sets, anaphora resolution still benefits from their ... | 0 |
Interaction with a complex system imposes a substantial cognitive load on a human user. Voice, being a natural communication modality for humans, allows the user to spend less time on translating requests into keyboard actions and more time on problem solving activities. The benefits of voice input will very likely be ... | 0 |
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