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Recent research in information extraction in the biological domain has focused on extracting semantic events involving genes or proteins, such as binding events or post-translational modifications. To date, most of the biological knowledge about these events has only been available in the form of unstructured text in s... | 0 |
Discourse information has only recently started to attract attention in MT, particularly in Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), the focus of this paper. Most decoders work on a sentence by sentence basis, isolated from context, due to both modelling and computational complexity. An exception are approaches to multi-... | 0 |
Semantic parsing aims to translate natural language utterances to their formal meaning representations, such as lambda calculus (Zettlemoyer and Collins, 2005; Wong and Mooney, 2007) , FunQL (Kate et al., 2005; Lu et al., 2008) , and SQL queries. Currently, most neural semantic parsers (Dong and Lapata, 2016; Chen et a... | 0 |
Sentence alignment is the problem of, given a parallel text, finding a bipartite graph matching minimal groups of sentences in one language to their translated counterparts. Because sentences do not always align 1-to-1, the sentence alignment task is non-trivial.The achievement of high accuracy with minimal consumption... | 0 |
Research efforts on machine translation (MT) have resulted in many different methods and MT paradigms, each having individual strengths and weaknesses. There exist approaches following linguistic theory as well as data-driven methods relying on statistical processing with only little linguistic knowledge involved. In r... | 0 |
We investigate an unsupervised learning method for dependency parsing models that imposes sparsity biases on the dependency types. We assume a corpus annotated with POS tags, where the task is to induce a dependency model from the tags for corpus sentences. In this setting, the type of a dependency is defined as a pair... | 0 |
Much work in sentence processing has been dedicated to studying differential patterns of processing difficulty in order to shed light on the latent mechanism behind online processing. As it is now wellestablished that processing difficulty can be observed in behavioral responses (e.g. reading times, eye movements, and ... | 0 |
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) tools can enhance communication for nonspeaking individuals, thus offering improved social interaction and independence. Well established NLP techniques, such as spell check and word prediction, support those with primarily physical barriers to communication (e.g., adult... | 0 |
For search, the presence of links in a document collection adds valuable information over that contained in the text of the documents alone. Each act of linking can be interpreted as a latent judgement of authority or trust which is bestowed onto the linked documents (Kleinberg, 1998) . This makes authority an objectiv... | 0 |
XBRL 1 is an XML-based format developed for the electronic exchange and automated processing of financial information. Schemas and attached XML linkbases for reports to be exchanged are called taxonomies in XBRL. There has been much work on converting XBRL taxonomies to ontologies (Bao et al., 2010) , so that the probl... | 0 |
The research context of this work is developing hybrid machine translation (MT) systems that exploit the advantages of linguistic rule-based and statistical MT systems. Arabic, as an example of a morphologically rich language, is especially challenging even without addressing the hybridization question. In this paper, ... | 0 |
A fundamental component of language understanding is the capacity to combine meaning units into larger units-a phenomenon known as composition-and to do so in a way that reflects the nuances of meaning as understood by humans. Transformers (Vaswani et al., 2017) have shown impressive performance in NLP, particularly tr... | 0 |
In Senseval 1, most of the systems disambiguating English words, were outperformed by a Lesk variant serving as baseline (Kilgariff & Rosenzweig, 2000) . On the other hand, during Senseval 2 and Senseval 3, Lesk baselines were outperformed by most of the systems in the lexical sample track (Edmonds, 2002) .In this pape... | 0 |
PANGLOSS Mark III is a multi-engine Spanish-to-English MT system. The PANGLOSS team is distributed at three sites -the Computing Research Laboratory of New Mexico State University, the Information Sciences Institute of the University of Southern California and the Center for Machine Translation of Carnegie Mellon Unive... | 0 |
Named entity recognition (NER) aims at locating and classifying text spans into pre-defined entity classes such as locations, organizations, etc. Deep neural architectures have shown great success in fully supervised NER (Lample et al., 2016; Ma and Hovy, 2016; Chiu and Nichols, 2016; Peters et al., 2017) with a fair a... | 0 |
Revision histories gathered from various natural language domains like Wikipedia (Grundkiewicz and Junczys-Dowmunt, 2014) , Wikihow (Faruqui et al., 2018) and student learner essays (Zhang and Litman, 2015) have primarily been studied to explore stylistic changes, such as grammatical error correction (Shah et al., 2020... | 0 |
Transformer-based contextualized embedding approaches such as BERT (Devlin et al., 2019) , XLM (CONNEAU and Lample, 2019), XLNet , RoBERTa (Liu et al., 2019) , and AlBERT (Lan et al., 2019) have re-established the state-of-the-art for practically all question answering (QA) tasks on not only general domain datasets suc... | 0 |
Transformers (Vaswani et al., 2017) and transformer-based Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) (Devlin et al., 2019) are ubiquitous in applications of NLP. They are highly parallelizable and their performance scales well with an increase in model parameters and data. Increasing model parameters depends on the availabilit... | 0 |
Much recent work on semantic role labeling has focused on joint models of arguments. This work is motivated by the fact that one argument can either promote or inhibit the presence of another argument. Because most of this work has been done for verbal SRL, nominal SRL has lagged behind somewhat. In particular, the "im... | 0 |
The task of creating domain-specific terminologies can be approached with different strategies. The traditional terminological approach within terminology work, performed by terminologists, often consisted of more or less manual term extractions from texts, in combination with conceptoriented analysis of the domain. To... | 0 |
As of October 8, 2020, the novel coronavirus, SARS CoV-2, has infected 35.8 million people and led to over 1 million deaths 1 . With several stay-athome orders and lockdowns in place, people have spent considerably more time than usual in disseminating and consuming information through social media. A subset of this pu... | 0 |
In the last few years Linked Data and Language Technologies have reached a state of maturity. From only 294 Linked Datasets in September 2011, the Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud has grown to 1,091 datasets in April 2014 (Schmachtenberg et al., 2014) . These developments triggered number of research in assuring certain le... | 0 |
The classical Domain Adaptation scenario (Freitag and Al-Onaizan, 2016; Luong and Manning, 2015) usually relies on an existing NMT model trained on large datasets originated from various sources. This general model is adapted to the new domain, with a small sample of in-domain parallel data, through finetuning or other... | 0 |
Recently, the evaluation of computer-produced summaries has become recognized as one of the problem areas that must be addressed in the field of automatic summarization. To solve this problem, a number of automatic (Donaway et al., 2000 , Hirao et al., 2005 , Lin et al., 2003 , Lin, 2004 , Hori et al., 2003 and manual ... | 0 |
Although the lexicon is the primary source of information in lexicalised formalisms such as HPSG or CCG, constructing one manually is a highly labourintensive task. Syntactic lexicons have been derived from other resources -the LinGO ERG lexicon (Copestake and Flickinger, 2000) contains entries extracted from ComLex (G... | 0 |
Universal Dependencies (UD) is a cross-linguistic treebank annotation project, which aims to provide guidelines that are consistently applicable to typologically different languages (McDonald et al., 2013) . Annotation guidelines are meant to be suitable for computer parsing, while enabling rigorous typological researc... | 0 |
Alongside the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a raging global misinfodemic (Mian and Khan, 2020; Roozenbeek et al., 2020) just as deadly. As fear grows, false information related to the pandemic goes viral on social media and threatens to affect an overwhelmed population. Such misinformation misleads the public on how the ... | 0 |
The amount of post-edited translation outputs as well as the amount of data containing annotated machine translation errors is growing in the recent years, with more and more applications and growing need for such data. The process of improving a machine-generated translation is a natural task -post-edited translations... | 0 |
Social media platforms bring easy access to a wealth of information. On the flip side, social media has also accelerated the spread of misinformation (Starbird et al., 2014; Jin et al., 2017) . Rumours, a form of misinformation typically defined as stories or statements with unverified truth value (Allport and Postman,... | 0 |
The ongoing tendency towards data-driven solutions for more and more tasks such as MT (Machine Translation), TS (Text Summarization), KG (Keyword Generation), and other tasks related to natural languages has created incentives for crawling the Web to produce large text corpora of various types. Furthermore, recent open... | 0 |
Syntactic models for language are being reintroduced into language and speech processing systems thanks to the success of sophisticated statistical models of parsing (Charniak and Johnson, 2005; Collins, 2003) . Representing deep syntactic relationships is an open area of research; examples of such models are exhibited... | 0 |
Continuous increase of text data arose an interest to develop a method to automatically analyze a large collection of texts. Topic modeling methods such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) (Blei et al., 2003) are popular methods for such analysis. For example, they have been applied to analyze newswire topics (Blei et... | 0 |
Describing the content of an image is essential for various tasks such as image indexing and retrieval, and the organization and browsing of large image collections. Recent years have seen substantial progress in the field of visual object recognition, allowing systems to automatically annotate an image with a list of ... | 0 |
In task 3 of SemEval 2017, participants are required to address typical problems in modern CQA forums.We participate two subtasks: question-comment similarity (Subtask A) and question-question similarity (Subtask B). In Subtask A, given a question and 10 comments in its comment thread, one is required to re-rank the 10... | 0 |
Given the growth of multiple languages on the Internet, Natural Language Processing must operate on dozens of languages. It is becoming critical that computers reach high performance on the following two tasks:• Comparable and parallel document retrieval -Cross-language information retrieval and text categorization hav... | 0 |
Incremental complexity metrics connect word-byword processing data to computational proposals about how parsing might work in the minds of real people. Entropy Reduction is such a metric. It relates the comprehension difficulty that people experience at a word to decreases in uncertainty regarding the grammatical alter... | 0 |
Determining the location of a social media user and where a message is posted from is important for location-based recommendation (Ye et al., 2010) , crisis detection and management (Sakaki et al., 2010) , detecting location-centric communities (Lim et al., 2015) , demographics analysis (Sloan et al., 2013) and targete... | 0 |
Computer systems that can engage in natural language dialogue with human users are known as dialogue systems. A special class of dialogue systems are situated dialogue systems, which are dialogue systems that operate in a spatial context. Situated dialogue systems are an active research topic (e.g. (Kelleher, 2006) ). ... | 0 |
Language combines discrete and continuous facets, as exemplified by the phenomenon of reference (Frege, 1892; Abbott, 2010 ): When we refer to an object in the world with the noun phrase the mug I bought, we use content words such as mug, which are notoriously fuzzy or vague in their meaning (Van Deemter, 2012; Murphy,... | 0 |
L'Institut Royal de la culture Amazighe est une institution publique dotée de la pleine capacité juridique et l'autonomie financière. Elle a pour mission de « donner avis à sa Majesté sur les mesures de nature à sauvegarder et à promouvoir la culture amazighe dans toutes ses expressions » 1 . Pour accomplir ses vocatio... | 0 |
Educational activities such as presentation practices, discussion exercises, and trial lessons for trainee teachers have been conducted in university classrooms. These activities include cooperative phases (Barkley et al., 2005; Morimoto and Otsuka, 2012) : Together, students observe their practices and reflect on them... | 0 |
One major issue in developing conversational dialogue systems is the significant efforts required for evaluation. This hinders rapid developments in this field because frequent evaluations are not possible or very expensive. The goal is to create automated methods for evaluating to increase efficiency. Unfortunately, m... | 0 |
The Outilex Project (Blanc et al., 2006) aims to develop an open-linguistic platform, including tools, electronic dictionaries and grammars, dedicated to text processing. It is the result of the collaboration of ten French partners, composed of 4 universities and 6 industrial organizations. The project started in 2002 ... | 0 |
Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems represent the current state-of-the-art for machine translation technologies and even some evaluations claim that they have reached human performance (Hassan et al., 2018) . These systems typically translate documents sentence by sentence, ignoring in the process inter-sentence c... | 0 |
German NLP tools such as part-of-speech taggers, morphology tools, and syntactic parsers often require licensing and suffer from usage restrictions, which makes the deployment of an NLP pipeline that combines several components cumbersome at best, impossible at worst (if no license can be obtained). Some restrictions a... | 0 |
Automatic word alignment is a vital component of nearly all current statistical translation pipelines. Although state-of-the-art translation models use rules that operate on units bigger than words (like phrases or tree fragments), they nearly always use word alignments to drive extraction of those translation rules. T... | 0 |
Faceted navigation for searching and browsing "vertical" content collections has become the standard interface paradigm for e-commerce shopping web sites. Faceted navigation, when properly designed, has been shown to be understood by users and preferred over other organizations (Hearst et al., 2002; Yee et al., 2003; E... | 0 |
Recording of a patient's presenting complaints forms part of the standard triage procedure at most Australian hospital Emergency Departments (EDs). The complaints are typically recorded as brief notes, which capture the reason the patient has come to the ED. These notes represent the first point of contact of a patient... | 0 |
In the last decades, CAPT has proved its potential in digital software market. Modern CAPT software aims no longer at simply assisting human teachers by providing various attractive teaching materials, but rather at replacing them by providing the learners with a private learning environment, self-paced practises, and ... | 0 |
The goal of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) is to identify and correct different kinds of errors in the text, such as spelling, punctuation, grammatical, and word choice errors, which has been widely used in speech-based dialogue, web information extraction, and text editing software.A popular solution tackles the g... | 0 |
The analysis of the emotional content of text is relevant to numerous natural language processing (NLP), web and multi-modal dialogue applications. In recent years the increased popularity of social media and increased availability of relevant data has led to a focus of scientific efforts on the emotion expressed throu... | 0 |
The rise of social media has enabled the phenomenon of "fake news," which could target specific individuals and can be used for deceptive purposes (Lazer et al., 2018; Vosoughi et al., 2018) . As manual fact-checking is a time-consuming and tedious process, computational approaches have been proposed as a possible alte... | 0 |
The semantic orientation (SO) of a word indicates the direction in which the word deviates from the norm for its semantic group or lexical field (Lehrer, 1974) . Words that encode a desirable state (e.g., beautiful) have a positive SO, while words that represent undesirable states (e.g. absurd) have a negative SO (Hatz... | 0 |
With the rising adoption of virtual assistant products, task-oriented dialog systems have been attracting more attention in both academic and industrial communities. One of the first steps in these systems is to extract meaning from the natural language used in conversation to build a semantic representation of the use... | 0 |
Text classification is a crucial and well-proven method for organizing the collection of large scale documents. The predefined categories are formed by different criterions, e.g. "Entertainment", "Sports" and "Education" in news classification, "Junk Email" and "Ordinary Email" in email classification. In the literatur... | 0 |
Named Entity (NE) extraction aims at identifying proper nouns and numerical expressions in a text, such as persons, locations, organizations, dates, and so on. This is an important subtask of document processing like information extraction and question answering.A common standard data set for Japanese NE extraction is ... | 0 |
Semantic forms of text analytics for the life sciences have long been equivalent with named entity recognition and interpretation, i.e., finding instances of semantic classes such as proteins, diseases, or drugs. For a couple of years, this focus has been complemented by analytics dealing with relation extraction, i.e.... | 0 |
The goal of keyword extraction from texts is to provide a set of words that are representative of the semantic content of the texts. In the application intended here, keywords are automatically extracted from transcripts of conversation fragments, and are used to formulate queries to a just-in-time document recommender... | 0 |
La tâche de segmentation et de regroupement en locuteurs (SRL) a été définie par le NIST lors des campagnes d'évaluation Rich Transcription comme le découpage d'un flux audio en tours de parole et le regroupement des plages associées à un même locuteur. Le procédé de SRL s'applique individuellement sur chacun des enreg... | 0 |
We construct narratives to describe events in the world around us. The language that we use in those narratives forms a lens that filters the actual components of those events, e.g., their time, location, and participants, according to our perspectives. This way, narratives function not only as structured collections o... | 0 |
There are two prevalent theories of language acquisition. One view emphasizes syntactic and semantic bootstrapping during language acquisition that enable children to learn abstract concepts from mappings between different kinds of information sources [1, 2] . Another view emerges from connectionist literature and emph... | 0 |
Arabic is the native tongue of ∼ 400 million people living the Arab world, a vast geographical region across Africa and Asia. Far from a single monolithic language, Arabic has a wide number of varieties. In general, Arabic could be classified into three main categories: (1) Classical Arabic, the language of the Qur'an ... | 0 |
Supporting student revision behavior is an important area of writing-related natural language processing (NLP) research. While revision is particularly effective in response to detailed feedback by an instructor (Paulus, 1999) , human writing evaluation is time-consuming. To help students improve their writing skills, ... | 0 |
The WMT2020 Shared Task on translating news data from Chinese into English provides a challenging test for machine translation systems and an ideal domain for researchers to evaluate new techniques. The DeepMind submission to the constrained data track is based on the modular noisy channel document translation architec... | 0 |
Natural Language Generation (NLG) task is one of the most challenging and important tasks in NLP. There are various types of NLG tasks: text summarization, machine translation, knowledge aggregation and multimedia information construction such as music generation. We consider tasks where the main goal is to construct a... | 0 |
Les mesures de similarité sémantique permettent d'identifier des mots entretenant différents types de relations sémantiques entre eux (synonymes, hyper/hyponymes, méronymes, etc.) et d'en calculer le degré de similarité. Elles servent à automatiser la construction de ressources sémantiques utiles pour les applications ... | 0 |
Despite advances in natural language processing (NLP), Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is still considered one of the most challenging problems in the field. Ever since the field's inception, WSD has been perceived as one of the central problems in NLP. WSD is viewed as an enabling technology that could potentially hav... | 0 |
The complete understanding of the cognitive mechanisms behind the processing of concrete and abstract meanings represents a key and still open question in cognitive science (Barsalou and Wiemer-Hastings, 2005) . More specifically, the psycholinguistic literature reports extensive analyses of how concrete concepts are p... | 0 |
Automatic text summarization is the task of generating/extracting short text snippet that embodies the content of a larger document or a collection of documents in a concise fashion. Traditionally, researchers have used extractive methods for summarization -where a set of sentences is selected from an article and conca... | 0 |
Automatic term recognition (ATR) is the task of identifying relevant and interesting terms from a text corpus. This can be useful for a wide range of text understanding tasks, however most of the work on this task has to date focused on term extraction for English. In contrast, there are up to 7,000 languages spoken in... | 0 |
Dependency parsing is a classical task in natural language processing. The head-dependent relations produced by dependency parsing can provide an approximation to the semantic relationship between words, which is useful in many downstream NLP tasks such as machine translation, information extraction and question answer... | 0 |
This paper examines the linguistic phenomenon of what is called Contrastive Reduplication (henceforth CR) (Ghoemshi et al. 2004) in English. In many works on reduplication patterns, CR has been unfairly regarded as a subclass of mere repetition or lexical duplications that simply function as an intensifier. However, CR... | 0 |
Discontinuous phrases are syntactic constructions which have proved to be hard for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. A multi-word expression (MWE), for instance, is hard to identify if its elements are separated by other words in a sentence (Sag et al., 2002) . Discontinuous phrases can give rise to long and non... | 0 |
Spoken medical dialogues are common and useful among doctors, nurses and patients. Automatically gathering the information of these dialogues is relevant for the medical practitioners and patients. For instance, the doctor can generate a medical history without omitting information, and a patient can review the diagnos... | 0 |
The COPLE2 corpus 1 is a written and spoken learner corpus of Portuguese as a foreign or second language (FL/L2) that aims at providing empirical 1 http://www.clul.ul.pt/en/research-teams/547 data for the teaching and learning of this language. Several learner corpora have been compiled for English, such as the Interna... | 0 |
Scalar adjectives like warm, big, and good represent a value on the scales of TEMPERATURE, SIZE, and QUALITY respectively. Kennedy and McNally have shown that the semantics of individual words can be mapped to degrees (2005) . The language modeling community has questioned whether this knowledge should be represented i... | 0 |
While Swedish Sign Language (SSL) is a recognized language of Sweden, there are no NLP tools available for it. We used a novel method for part of speech (PoS) annotation transfer to create the first automatically PoS-tagged corpus of any sign language, by exploiting the existing translation of the corpus into written S... | 0 |
Morphological inflection is used in many languages to convey syntactic and semantic information. It is a systematic source of sparsity for NLP tasks, especially for languages with rich morphological systems where one lexeme can be inflected into as many as over a million distinct word forms (Kibrik, 1998) . In this cas... | 0 |
In this work, we present models for detecting agreement/disagreement (denoted (dis)agreement) between speakers in English broadcast conversation shows. The Broadcast Conversation (BC) genre differs from the Broadcast News (BN) genre in that it is more interactive and spontaneous, referring to free speech in news-style ... | 0 |
Tree-to-string models (Liu et al., 2006; Huang et al., 2006) have made promising progress and gained significant popularity in recent years, as they run faster than string-to-tree counterparts (e.g. (Galley et al., 2006) ), and do not need binarized grammars. Especially, Huang and Mi (2010) make it much faster by propo... | 0 |
Writing is a complex problem-solving task that burdens authors with a high cognitive load (Hayes, 2012) , which especially applies to inexperienced researchers (Shah et al., 2009) . The typical workflow of composing an academic manuscript (be it a proposal, report, or paper) is an iterative process of conceptualizing i... | 0 |
High-quality distributed representations of characters (henceforth, character embeddings) play an important role for the computational analysis of narrative texts (Iyyer et al., 2016; Xanthos et al., 2016; Skorinkin, 2017; Azab et al., 2019; Labatut and Bost, 2019; Kubis, 2021; Brahman et al., 2021) .Ideally, character... | 0 |
We present a novel generative model that explains the translation process as a linear sequence of operations which generate a source and target sentence in parallel. Possible operations are (i) generation of a sequence of source and target words (ii) insertion of gaps as explicit target positions for reordering operati... | 0 |
Paraphrase generation restates text input in a different surface form while preserving its semantics. It has various applications on downstream NLP tasks including text summarization (Cao et al., 2016) , semantic parsing (Berant and Liang, 2014) , as well as diversifying text generation for user-facing systems such as ... | 0 |
Knowledge base embedding has attracted surging interest recently. The aim is to learn continuous vector representations (embeddings) for entities and relations of a structured knowledge base (KB) such as Freebase. Typically it optimizes a global objective function over all the facts in the KB and hence the embedding ve... | 0 |
Multi-label text classification is one of the core topics in natural language processing (NLP) and is used in many applications such as search (Prabhu et al., 2018) and product categorization (Agrawal et al., 2013) . It aims to find the related labels from a fixed-set of labels for a given text that may have multiple l... | 0 |
When viewed from the perspective of creating a concept-based multilingual dictionary, the Global WordNet (GWN) is filled with both treasure and risk. The Kamusi Project has imported the freely available data from the Open Multilingual Wordnet (OMW) as seed for further dictionary development. In doing so, we have encoun... | 0 |
Determining semantic textual similarity (STS) is one of the most critical tasks in information retrieval and natural language processing. Vector-based sentence representation models have been widely used to compare and rank words, phrases or sentences using various similarity and relatedness scores (Wong and Raghavan, ... | 0 |
As the availability of interactive dialogue systems is on a rise, people are getting more accustomed to talking to machines. Modern systems are equipped with better statistical and machine learning modules in order to help them get better over time. People have started expecting the machines to understand different asp... | 0 |
Accurate recovery of predicate-argument dependencies is vital for interpretation tasks like information extraction and question answering, and unbounded dependencies may account for a significant portion of the dependencies in any given text. Many current interpretation models are based on PCFGs, trained on syntactic a... | 0 |
Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs) are animated or robotic agents that engage users in real-time dialogue. As a development of the Chatterbot TT/LP system, they address a fundamental criticism of the Turing Test (TT) as incarnated in the Loebner Prize (LP), viz. the lack of understanding of the world, the lack of un... | 0 |
The need of providing a clear description of the usage of concrete and abstract words in communication is becoming salient both in cognitive science and in computational linguistics. In the cognitive science community, much has been said about concrete concepts, but there is still an open debate about the nature of abs... | 0 |
Much research in lexical semantics has concentrated on the relation between verbs and their arguments. Many scholars hypothesize that the behavior of a verb, particularly with respect to the expression and interpretation of its arguments, is to a large extent determined by its meaning (Talmy 1985; Jackendoff 1983; Gold... | 0 |
Prosody is a fundamental part of human-to-human spoken communication; it can affect the syntactic and semantic interpretation of an utterance (Hirschberg, 2003) and it can be used by speakers to convey their emotional state. In recent years, researchers have found prosodic features to be useful in automatically detecti... | 0 |
The idea of devising a structural model of language capable of learning both representations and meaningful syntactic structure without any humanannotated trees has been a long-standing but challenging goal. Across a diverse range of linguistic theories, human language is assumed to possess a recursive hierarchical str... | 0 |
A text is composed of coherent propositions (phrases and sentences, for example) ordered and connected according to the intentions of the author of the text. This composition may be recognized and structured according to many theories and this type of information is valuable to many natural language processing applicat... | 0 |
Within-document event coreference resolution is the task of determining which event mentions in a text refer to the same real-world event. Compared to entity coreference resolution, event coreference resolution is not only much less studied, but it is arguably more challenging. The challenge stems in part from the fact... | 0 |
Nothing is more home to semantics than the phenomenon of negation. In classical theories of meaning all states of affairs are divided in two truth values, and negation plays a central role to determine which truth value is at stake for a given sentence. Negation lies at the heart of deductive inference, of which consis... | 0 |
Automatic summarization is one of the central problems in Natural Language Processing (NLP) posing several challenges relating to understanding (i.e., identifying important content) and generation (i.e., aggregating and rewording the identified content into a summary). Of the many summarization paradigms that have been... | 0 |
A creole language arises if a pidgin, 1 developed by adults for use as a second language, becomes the native and primary language of their children. Although a large portion of creole languages have their roots in Western European colonialism and slavery, creole languages still serve as important lingua franca in multi... | 0 |
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