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Active learning (AL) has the potential to substantially reduce the amount of labeled instances needed to reach a certain classifier performance in supervised machine learning. It works by selecting new instances that are highly informative for the classifier, so that comparable classification accuracies can be obtained... | 0 |
Neural machine translation (NMT) represents stateof-the-art (SOTA) results in many domains (Sutskever et al., 2014; Vaswani et al., 2017; Lample et al., 2020) , with some authors claiming human parity . However, traditional methods process texts in short units like the utterance or sentence, isolating them from the ent... | 0 |
Word representations have attracted a lot of interest in the community and led to very useful applications in a range of domains of natural language processing. Such representations are typically evaluated intrinsically on word similarity tasks and extrinsically on their impact on NLP systems performance (Schnabel et a... | 0 |
Resolving t>ronoun reference is a diifieult task that requires consideration of both linguistic and cognitive aspects of a language.As a linguistic phenomenon, the use of pronouns is treated a.s a coreferential prohlem in which both the antecedent and the pronoun co-refer to some object. From this point of view, findin... | 0 |
There has been a lot of work in the area of speech to speech translation by CMU, IBM, SRI, University of Geneva and others. In a health care setting, this technology has the potential to give nurses and other clinical staff immediate access to consistent, easy-to-use, and accurate medical interpretation for routine pat... | 0 |
Big Data research enables computer-assisted, broadbased generalizations over rich datasets, which cannot be obtained through traditional methods of observation. However, these generalizations often come with partially or completely untested assumptions about the irrelevance of potential noise in the data, the nature of... | 0 |
Grammatical error correction (GEC) has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Unlike classifiers built for specific error types (e.g. determiner or preposition errors), statistical machine translation (SMT) systems are trained to deal with all error types simultaneously. An SMT system thus learns to translate... | 0 |
Combinatory Categorial Grammar (Steedman, 1990) , like other "flexible" categorial grammars, suffers from spurious ambiguity (Wittenburg, 1986) . The non-standard constituents that are so crucial to CCG's analyses in (1), and in its account of intonational focus (Prevost ~ Steedman, 1994) , remain available even in sim... | 0 |
There have been tremendous developments in smart technologies that continue to evolve and enhance human-machine interaction (Chakravarthi et al., 2020; Sampath et al., 2022; Ravikiran et al., 2022; Chakravarthi et al., 2022; Priyadharshini et al., 2022) . One such recent technology is Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR) ... | 0 |
Technologies are increasingly personalized, accommodating their behavior for each user. Such personalization is done through user modeling where the goal is to "get to know" the user. To that end, personalization is based on users' attributes, such as demographics (gender, age etc.), personalities, and preferences. For... | 0 |
Learning vector representations of word meaning is a topical area in computational linguistics. Based on the distributional hypothesis (Harris, 1954) -that words in similar context have similar meaningsdistributed semantic models (DSM)s build vector representations based on corpus-extracted context. DSM approaches such... | 0 |
Parallel corpora are key resource for statistical machine translation, in which machine learning techniques are used to learn translation knowledge. Sufficient data is necessary for the datadriven approaches to estimate the model parameters reliably. However, as Munteanu (2006) stated, beyond a few resource-rich langua... | 0 |
This paper addresses the problem of predicting semantic relations conveyed by prepositions in text. Prepositions express many semantic relations between their governor and object. Predicting these can help advancing text understanding tasks like question answering and textual entailment. Consider the sentence:(1) The b... | 0 |
The acclaimed success of Transformer-based models across NLP tasks has been followed by two important directions of research. In the first direction, interpretability studies aim to understand how these models work. Given that multi-headed attention is an important feature of these models, researchers have focused on a... | 0 |
Training with more than one agents has attracted intensive research interest in recent years, for example, dual learning (He et al., 2016; Xia et al., 2017 Xia et al., , 2018 and bidirectional decoding Zhang et al., 2019b) . The former method leverages the duality between the two related agents as the feedback signal t... | 0 |
It has been observed that almost all postpositions in Malayalam function as case endings. Postpositions in Malayalam occur after the nominal. They perform similar to inflectional markers. But unlike inflectional markers, postpositions in Malayalam are free forms. Being invariants, they can stand alone or alongside anot... | 0 |
Recent rapid advancements in deep learning technologies have enabled the generation of realistic artifacts (e.g., Deepfakes) that are difficult to distinguish from genuine human-generated artifacts.In the text domain, which is the main focus of this work, similarly, the advancement of Natural Lan-guage Generation (NLG)... | 0 |
On a given day, many people engage in conversations via several modalities, including face-toface speech, telephone, email, SMS, chat, and blogs. Being able to produce automatic summaries of multi-party conversations occurring in one or several of these modalities would enable the parties involved to keep track of and ... | 0 |
While majority languages such as English provide ample data for the creation and training of speech recognition, corpus annotation, and general language models, under-resourced languages are in a unique position to benefit greatly from such technologies. Speech Synthesizers, mobile keyboards, in-browser reading guides ... | 0 |
The study presented in this article is concerned with the integrated representation and processing of inflectional morphology, syntax, and semantics in a unified grammar architecture. An important issue in such integration is mismatches in morphological, syntactic, and semantic bracketings. The problem was first noted ... | 0 |
Narrative chains are sets of events centered around a common protagonist. They can be induced from corpora using various unsupervised methods, many using pointwise mutual information (PMI) between events. To our knowledge, no prior work has used the information available in relations between documents in a corpus when ... | 0 |
Debating is a very useful approach to individual and collective decision making; it helps the formation of ideas and policies in democracies. Webbased debates allow for reaching a wider audience, therefore bringing more arguments and diverse perspectives on a debate topic compared to face-to-face discussions. The async... | 0 |
In this paper we present ICARUS 1 a search and visualization tool that primarily targets dependency syntax. The tool has been designed such that it requires minimal effort to get started with searching a treebank or system output of an automatic dependency parser, while still allowing for flexible queries. It enables t... | 0 |
Sentence fusion is a text-to-text generation application, which given two related sentences, outputs a single sentence expressing the information shared by the two input sentences (Barzilay and McKeown 2005) . Consider, for example, the following pair of sentences: 1(1)Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psycholo... | 0 |
For many languages, multiple treebanks have been annotated according to different guidelines. For example, several linguistic theories have been used for defining English dependency treebanks, including Yamada and Matsumoto (2003) , LTH (Johansson and Nugues, 2007) and Stanford dependencies (De Marneffe et al., 2006) .... | 0 |
Multilingual-BERT (mBERT) is a version of BERT (Devlin et al., 2019) , trained on the concatenation of Wikipedia in 104 different languages. Recent works show that it excels in zero-shot transfer between languages, for a variety of tasks (Pires et al., 2019; Muller et al., 2020) , despite being trained with no parallel... | 0 |
During recent decades, the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has witnessed the development of an increasing number of neural approaches to representing words and their meanings. Word embeddings encode a target word type with one single vector based on co-occurrence information. However, word embeddings conflat... | 0 |
The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we aim to give an overview of the data issued during the BioASQ challenge in 2018. In addition, we aim to present the systems that participated in the challenge and evaluate their performance. To achieve these goals, we begin by giving a brief overview of the tasks, which took p... | 0 |
Japanese adverbs are mainly classified into two kinds. The first is adverbs that indicate the state and mode of motion. The second is adverbs that indicate the psychological attitude or feeling of the speaker. [1, 2] .Reputation analysis 1 , which excludes adverbs from the objects being processed, has been used in prev... | 0 |
Language models (LMs) are statistical models that, given a sentence w I 1 := w 1 , . . . , w I , calculate its probability P (w I 1 ). LMs are widely used in applications such as machine translation and speech recognition, and because of their broad applicability they have also been widely studied in the literature. Th... | 0 |
SemEval 2021 Task7 is constructed to detect and rate the humor and offense inside jokes in the English language (Meaney et al., 2021) . Humor is an essential aspect of strengthening human communication and relations. However, the interpretation of humor differs based on the perceptions of a joke and the context in whic... | 0 |
Framing selects particular aspects of an issue and makes them salient in communicating a message (Entman, 1993) . Framing can impact how people understand issues, attribute responsibility (Iyengar, 1991) , and endorse possible solutions, thus having major implications for public opinion and policy decisions (Chong and ... | 0 |
I propose a model for determining the hearer's attentional state in understanding discourse. My proposal is inspired by the centering model (Grosz et al., 1983; 1995) and draws on the conclusions of Strube & Hahn's (1996) approach for the ranking of the forward-looking center list for German. Their approach has been pr... | 0 |
Large wordnets are often treated as sense inventories that describe and enumerate word senses. If we want to process texts at the level of wordnet senses, a very useful operation, we first must map text words to those senses, i.e. to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (henceforth WSD). This is only trivial for monosemou... | 0 |
Relation extraction (RE) is the task of determining semantic relations between entities mentioned in text. RE is an essential part of information extraction and is useful for question answering (Ravichandran and Hovy, 2002) , textual entailment (Szpektor et al., 2004 ) and many other applications.A common approach to R... | 0 |
The interpretation of large volumes of text poses many control problems, including limiting the complexity of analysis and ensuring the production of valid interpretations without considering too many possibifities. These problems are especially severe in processing news stories, where long sentences, information-rich ... | 0 |
Psychotic disorders typically emerge in late adolescence or early adulthood (Kessler et al., 2007; Thomsen, 1996) and affect approximately 2.5-4% of the population (Perälä et al., 2007; Bogren et al., 2009) , making them one of the leading causes of disability worldwide (Vos et al., 2015) . A substantial proportion of ... | 0 |
Emotion analysis is an increasingly popular research topic due to the emergence of large-scale emotion data on the web. Previous work primarily studies emotional contents of texts from the writer's perspective, where it is typically assumed that a writer expresses only a single emotion in a document. Unfortunately, thi... | 0 |
A lexicon is considered to be the backbone of any natural language application. It is an essential basis for parsing, text generation, and information retrieval systems. We cannot implement any of these applications or others in the natural language area without having a good lexicon. All natural language processing sy... | 0 |
As a constant stream of electronic gadgets such as navigation systems and digital music players enters cars, it threatens driving safety by increasing driver distraction. According to a 2005 report by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) (NHTSA, 2005) , driver distraction and inattention from all ... | 0 |
The Multilingual Central Repository (González-Agirre, Laparra, Rigau, & Donostia, 2012) follows the model proposed by the EuroWordNet project. EuroWordNet (Vossen, 1998 ) is a multilingual lexical database with wordnets for several European languages, structured in the same way as Princeton's WordNet. The MCR comprises... | 0 |
In recent years, there has been a rising attention in Artificial Intelligence on how to train a model to understand visual inputs from the physical world, and communicate them with human language. Typical problems include Visual Question Answering (VQA) (Antol et al., 2015) and Image Captioning (Xu et al., 2015) . Thes... | 0 |
Substantial effort has been invested in the past years in exploring ways to render Spoken Dialogue Systems (SDS) more adaptive, natural and user friendly. Recent studies investigated the recognition of and adaption to specific user groups, e.g. the novices and expert users, or the elderly (Bocklet et al., 2008) . Furth... | 0 |
Prior work on topic modeling has mostly involved the use of categorical likelihoods (Blei et al., 2003; Blei and Lafferty, 2006; Rosen-Zvi et al., 2004) . Applications of topic models in the textual domain treat words as discrete observations, ignoring the semantics of the language. Recent developments in distributiona... | 0 |
In natural interactions, descriptions are typically multimodal: Someone explaining a route might point at visible landmarks while talking, or gesture them into the air, or may sketch a route on a piece of paper, if they have one handy (Emmorey et al., 2000; Tversky et al., 2009) .Especially descriptions of visual objec... | 0 |
Recently, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and long short-term memory (LSTM) cells and gate recurrent unit (GRU) cells have achieved great success and are increasingly being applied in nature language processing tasks, e.g., part-of-speech (POS) tagging (Wang et al., 2015) , named-entity recognition (Chiu and Nichols, ... | 0 |
During the last decades, large collections of digital texts have become available for Ancient Greek and Latin. As a result, classicists are becoming more and more interested to apply Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to extract information from these texts in an automatic and structured way. Although there h... | 0 |
Natural language generation (NLG) is one of the most important tasks in natural language processing (NLP). It can be applied to a lot of interesting applications such like machine translation, image captioning, question answering. In recent years, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) based approaches have shown promising p... | 0 |
Researchers have demonstrated that prepositions and determiners are the two most frequent error types for language learners (Leacock et al, 2010) . According to Swan and Smith (2001) , preposition errors might result from L1 interference. Chen and Lin (2011) also reveal that prepositions are the most perplexing problem... | 0 |
Given an image and a corresponding caption, the phrase grounding task aims to ground each entity mentioned by a noun phrase in the caption to a region in the image. Phrase grounding has attracted much research interest due to its application in downstream tasks including image captioning (Karpathy et al., 2014; Fang et... | 0 |
Endangered languages represent an especially urgent type of low-resource languages: Not only do they generally lack computational resources, but they also unfortunately have the property that the window in which to create such resources is small and closing. Thus to the extent that any computational resources are creat... | 0 |
A presentation of information content must be adapted to the context. A problem arises here because of diverse types of contexts mainly due to the audience's idiosyncratic needs, backgrounds, and so forth. Adaptation by learning [Perkovitz and Etzioni, 1997; 1998 ] cannot provide a full solution here, because individua... | 0 |
has called for a "hyper-bitext" tool for professional translators, a tool which would permit them easy on-line retrieval of bilingual equivalences, or "translation units", they have used in the past. The translator's previous output would be stored as hypertext, with the parallel texts as far as possible aligned. A sea... | 0 |
Data-driven approaches in computational semantics are still rare because there are not many large annotated resources that provide empirical information about anaphora, presupposition, scope, events, tense, thematic roles, named entities, word senses, ellipsis, discourse segmentation and rhetorical relations in a singl... | 0 |
Notre laboratoire est impliqué dans deux projets internationaux importants : CSTAR et son projet européen associé NESPOLE ! (http://nespole.itc.it) pour la traduction simultanée de l'oral et Universal Networking Language, UNL (http://www.unl.ias.unu.edu), pour la traduction de l'écrit. Ces projets se caractérisent nota... | 0 |
Semantic similarity is a complex concept which has been widely discussed in many research domains (e.g., linguistics, philosophy, information theory communication, or artificial intelligence). In natural language processing (NLP), two types of semantic similarity are identified: attributional and relational similaritie... | 0 |
The target of CoNLL 2007 shared task is to parse texts in multiple languages by using a single dependency parser that has the capacity to learn from treebank data. Among parsers participating in CoNLL 2006 shared task (Buchholz et al., 2006 ), deterministic dependency parser shows great efficiency in time and comparabl... | 0 |
Applications of stochastic methods in solving the stemming problem is not new. Along the rulebased approaches, this approach had been used for since 1994. The obvious advantage of stochastic stemmers is their language neutrality. Unlike rule-based stemmers, statistical stemmers usually do not require any language speci... | 0 |
Despite substantial achievements in the computational linguistics, such as rather reliable POStagging, syntax-tree parsing, word sense disambiguation, and statistical translation, in reality computational linguistics is still no where near to really understanding the natural language. All the mentioned techniques fail ... | 0 |
Parsing of sentences is a core natural language understanding task, where the goal is to construct a tree structure that best describes the relationships between the tree constituents (e.g., words, phrases). For example, Figure 1 shows examples of a dependency tree and a sentence-level discourse tree that respectively ... | 0 |
WordNet (Miller et al., 1990) has been successfully applied in many human language related applications, such as word sense disambiguation, information retrieval, and text categorization; yet generation is among the fields in which the application of WordNet has rarely been explored. We demonstrate in this paper that, ... | 0 |
Mandarin Chinese (hereafter "Chinese") often expresses directed motion events through a concatenation of verbal morphemes, e.g., gun "roll" and jin "enter" in gun-jin shui-li "roll into the water". 1 However, the order of these co-occurring motion morphemes is not flexible, e.g., *jin-gun shui-li enter-roll water-insid... | 0 |
The goal of this paper is to present the broad outlines of a novel approach to the structure of Hungarian clauses. This approach is inspired by two major sources, cognitive linguistics (CL) and dependency grammar (DG). In line with CL, syntax is regarded as the study of learned pairings of meaning and form in the sente... | 0 |
Language model (LM) plays a critical role in statistical machine translation (SMT). It seems to be a universal truth that LM performance can always be improved by using more training data (Brants et al., 2007) , but only if the training data is reasonably well-matched with the desired output (Moore and Lewis, 2010) . I... | 0 |
Databases of various semantic relations between natural language expressions are indispensable knowledge for many NLP applications. For instance, entailment relations are crucial in information extraction and QA (Dagan et al., 2009; Weisman et al., 2012; Turney and Mohammad, 2014) . Temporal relations such as happens-b... | 0 |
An agent that can engage in natural, back-andforth communication with humans to help them complete a real world task requires the ability to understand and produce language in the context of that task (i.e. to map between utterances and meaning representations the problem solving components of the agent can act on in a... | 0 |
The International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation(IWSLT) is a yearly scientific workshop, associated with an open evaluation campaign on spoken language translation. One part of the campaign focuses on the translation of TED, QED Talks, and the conversations conducted via Skype. TED and QED talks are a collecti... | 0 |
Deep linguistic processing produces a complete syntactic and semantic analysis of the sentences it processes, however it fails in producing a result when the linguistic structure being processed and/or words in the input sentences fall beyond the coverage of the grammatical resources. Natural Language Processing (NLP) ... | 0 |
Stance detection is a difficult task since it often requires reasoning in order to determine whether an utterance is in favor of or against a specific issue. In the shared task (see Mohammad et al. (2016) for details about the shared task), we interpret it as a variant of sentiment analysis and adopt an approach that c... | 0 |
Ambiguity is pervasive in natural languages and creates an additional challenge for Natural Language applications. Determining the sense of an ambiguous word in a given context may benefit many NLP tasks, such as Machine Translation, Question Answering, or Text-to-Speech synthesis.The Word Sense Discrimination (WSD) or... | 0 |
A computer corpus is a body of computerized written text or transcribed speech. Computer corpora are useful for a wide variety of research purposes, in fields such as lexicography, natural language processing, and all varieties of linguistics. The first computer corpus made its appearance in the early 1960s when two sc... | 0 |
Emotion detection is to predict emotion categories, such as angry, happy, and surprise, expressed by an utterance of a speaker and has largely encompassed a variety of applications, such as online chatting (Galik and Rank, 2012; Zhang et al., c) , news analysis (Li et al., 2015; Zhu et al., 2019) and dialogue systems Z... | 0 |
Automatic phonetic transcription is gaining popularity in the speech processing field, especially in speech recognition, text-to-speech, and speech database construction [Haeb-Umbach et al. 1995; Wu et al. 1999; Lamel et al. 2002; Evermann et al. 2004; Nanjo et al. 2004; Nouza et al. 2004; Sarada et al. 2004; Siohan et... | 0 |
As COVID-19 spreads across the globe, it's hard for scientists to keep up with the rapid acceleration in coronavirus research. Researchers have thus teamed up with the White House to release the (Wang et al., 2020) , containing 130,000+ related scholarly articles (as of August 13, 2020). The Open Research Dataset Chall... | 0 |
The cognitive science of language confronts two different notions of its own subject matter. One notion is rooted in the psychology of an individual: what states of mind does this person go through as he or she uses language? The other notion starts from languages themselves. As a structural system, how does this langu... | 0 |
Advanced tasks such as text summarization and question answering call for tools that support the semantic analysis of natural language texts. While syntactic parsers have been intensively studied for decades, broad coverage semantic parsing is a relatively recent research topic. Semantic parsing aims at constructing a ... | 0 |
La recherche d'information a pour but de satisfaire le besoin d'information d'un utilisateur. En effet, lorsqu'un utilisateur effectue une recherche dans une base documentaire, il fournit au système une représentation de son besoin d'information. Le rôle du système est alors de prendre en compte cette représentation et... | 0 |
Virtual assistants have become popular in recent years and task-completion is one of their most important aspects. These assistants help users in accomplishing tasks such as finding restaurants, buying sports tickets, finding the weather etc., by providing a natural language interface to many services or APIs available... | 0 |
In a way, a PQ is like clickbait, except that it is not lying to people. Discovering what keeps readers engaged is an important problem. We thus propose the novel task of automatic pull quote (PQ) selection accompanied with a new dataset and insightful analysis of several motivated baselines. PQs are graphical elements... | 0 |
The task of automatically determining the readability of texts has a long and rich tradition. This has not only resulted in a large number of readability formulas (Flesch, 1948; Brouwer, 1963; Dale and Chall, 1948; Gunning, 1952; McLaughlin, 1969) , but also to the more recent tendency of using insights from NLP for au... | 0 |
Chunking is a frequent segmentation step in many processing types : robust parsers, parsers of linear complexity (Vergne, 2000) , computing stress groups and linking them in tts systems, to compute macro-prosody (Vannier et al., 1999) , in automatic indexing, the chunk as another indexed grain above the word in the gra... | 0 |
In order to improve comprehension of a text in a foreign language, learners use all possible information to make sense of an unknown word. This includes context and domain knowledge, but also knowledge from the mother tongue or any other previously acquired language. Thus, a student is more likely to understand a word ... | 0 |
Opinions, sentiments and other types of subjective content are an important part of any meeting. Meeting participants express pros and cons about ideas, they support or oppose decisions, and they make suggestions that may or may not be adopted. When recorded and archived, meetings become a part of the organizational kn... | 0 |
Many of the world's languages make use of numeral classifiers (Aikhenvald, 2000) . While theoretical debate still rages on the function of numeral classifiers (Krifka, 1995; Ahrens and Huang, 1996; Cheng et al., 1998; Chierchia, 1998; Li, 2000; Nisbett, 2004; Bale and Coon, 2014) , it is generally accepted that they ne... | 0 |
Grammatical error correction (GEC) systems may be used for language learning to detect and correct grammatical errors in text written by language learners. GEC has grown in importance over the past few years due to the increasing need for people to learn new languages. GEC has been addressed in the Helping Our Own (HOO... | 0 |
In this paper we present on-going work aimed at finding user-oriented relevance measures for information extracted from plain-text news articles. Measure for relevance has been created in collaboration with actual end users of our system. End users view and rate the utility of extracted events using our online news sur... | 0 |
Dialogue processing is a challenging task due to the nature of human conversations. Currently most Spoken Dialogue Systems (SDS) have a core component called the Dialogue Manager that is responsible for: (a) handling dialogue context and understanding user utterances by tracking dialogue states; and (b) generating usef... | 0 |
Most statistical machine translation (MT) systems use sentence as the processing unit for both training and decoding. This strategy, mainly the result of pursuing efficiency, assumes that each sentence is independent, and therefore suffers the loss of missing many kinds of "global" information, such as domain, topic an... | 0 |
Generalizing ideas presented for 2-stack automata in (Éric Villemonte de la Clergerie, 2001), we introduce Thread Automata [TA] , a new automata formalism that may be used to describe a wide range of parsing strategies (in particular top-down prefix-valid [pv] strategies) for many Mildly-Context Sensitive [MCS] grammat... | 0 |
Pretrained Transformer-based language models (LMs) such as BERT (Devlin et al., 2019) and RoBERTa (Liu et al., 2019b) have recently achieved impressive results on many natural language tasks, spawning a new interdisciplinary field of aligning LMs with linguistic theory and probing the linguistic capabilities of LMs (Li... | 0 |
Datasets that define pairwise relations between sentence-level text instances are widely used in Natural Language Processing (NLP) . They describe the relation of sentence pairs with an annotated label. Common examples of such pairwise classification tasks are Paraphrase Identification (Wang et al., 2017; Dolan et al.,... | 0 |
The Epigenetics and Post-translational Modifications (EPI) task is a shared task on event extraction from biomedical domain scientific publications, first introduced as a main task in the BioNLP Shared Task 2011 (Kim et al., 2011a) .The EPI task focuses on events relating to epigenetic change, including DNA methylation... | 0 |
Over the past few years, the Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) group of the TALP-UPC has been developing the Ngram-based SMT system . In previous evaluation campaigns the Ngram-based approach has proved to be comparable with the state-ofthe-art phrase-based systems, as shown in Koehn and Monz(2006) , Callison-Burch... | 0 |
Training corpora for machine translation come in varying degrees of quality. On the one extreme end they are carefully professionally translated specifically for this purpose which may have done under the instruction to provide fairly literal translations and adherence to sentence-bysentence correspondences. The other ... | 0 |
Clarifying the nature of verb classes is a crucial issue in lexical semantic research, being of great interest to both theoretical and computational linguistics. Many classification and representation theories have been presented already, including the widely cited theories Since different event classifications pinpoin... | 0 |
Following the Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) paradigm from cloud computing (Dikaiakos et al., 2009) , a number of text processing services have been developed, e.g. OpenCalais 1 and Alchemy API 2 . These provide information extraction services, accessible programmatically and charged per number of documents processed.How... | 0 |
Active Learning (AL) is a selective sampling strategy for determining those annotation examples which are particularly informative for classifier training, while discarding those that are already easily predictable for the classifier given previous training experience. While the efficiency of AL has already been shown ... | 0 |
Question answering in dialogue is a central concern for designing the next generation of dialogue systems. Recent work has made great strides in generating dialogue, for example, with neural conversation models (Vinyals and Le, 2015) , persona-based conversation models (Li et al., 2014) and adversarial models (Li et al... | 0 |
Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is the current state-ofthe-art machine translation architecture that aims at building a single neural network that can be jointly tuned to maximize the translation performance (Bahdanau et al, 2014) . Despite being successful in producing acceptable outputs for language pairs having lar... | 0 |
This paper studies automatic paraphrase detection on subtitle data for six European languages. Paraphrases are a set of phrases or full sentences in the same language that mean approximately the same thing. Automatically finding out when two phrases mean the same thing is interesting from both a theoretical and practic... | 0 |
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