id stringlengths 36 36 | input stringlengths 15 149 | expected_output stringlengths 25 2.11k | metadata.query_id stringlengths 1 6 | metadata.split stringclasses 1 value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
03cdffaf-aa5a-4fb6-8752-4c1f3ac4b13c | Is there anything smaller than a quark? | [{"id": "16048", "score": 1}, {"id": "64126", "score": 1}, {"id": "17421", "score": 1}] | 68289 | test |
18aa2554-c632-4df1-825e-b001c40c09c7 | Conveyor scales modeling | [{"id": "16408", "score": 1}] | 16415 | test |
2447c7a1-62d3-4ee7-9762-d3e926c6f713 | Intuitive meaning of Hilbert Space formalism | [{"id": "52252", "score": 1}] | 48469 | test |
0e81bca5-3507-4448-9b69-9521483bc377 | Is the converse of Noether's first theorem true: Every conservation law has a symmetry? | [{"id": "123060", "score": 1}] | 24596 | test |
e7b6daf4-3eda-40e2-8ec0-fa69acbf501f | Many-worlds: how often is the split how many are the universes? (And how do you model this mathematically.) | [{"id": "81945", "score": 1}] | 32501 | test |
53057eec-016f-48a4-b111-0aab1b5df5de | Why does Quantum Field Theory use Lagrangians rather than Hamiltonains? | [{"id": "21866", "score": 1}, {"id": "87456", "score": 1}] | 78508 | test |
9c9da22a-9e77-4abf-b977-5d6b6ae6d3f5 | Superluminal expansion of the early universe how is this possible? | [{"id": "54529", "score": 1}] | 20056 | test |
cd8d1724-5641-42be-a214-41548633e970 | Is there a proof of existence of time? | [{"id": "120071", "score": 1}, {"id": "131810", "score": 1}] | 71823 | test |
00256698-7d14-49f5-a5bc-aba213caf194 | 3d holograms - How are they created? | [{"id": "96013", "score": 1}] | 23487 | test |
7d461b1d-6765-48d4-ad18-e8cf343fda0d | Speed and Velocity Worksheet | [{"id": "29", "score": 1}] | 98157 | test |
03c0e465-deb9-4636-aea0-7963644362f5 | Positive Mass Theorem | [{"id": "102598", "score": 1}] | 101404 | test |
2ce91bcc-756a-4c60-affd-2c39214882a3 | Linearized equations | [{"id": "78718", "score": 1}] | 78500 | test |
68f0ea65-0ac4-4aa9-b7b8-dcdd9a8ddb1a | Why aren't quarks free? | [{"id": "45514", "score": 1}] | 94040 | test |
dc6b9242-d8e6-46d1-8b9b-1335c1226b3a | Can we use quantum entanglement as a way to send information or data? | [{"id": "104050", "score": 1}, {"id": "100864", "score": 1}, {"id": "7358", "score": 1}, {"id": "76665", "score": 1}, {"id": "131025", "score": 1}, {"id": "34507", "score": 1}, {"id": "3158", "score": 1}, {"id": "2206", "score": 1}] | 119673 | test |
71794053-6b0a-4640-af9e-22a58aeaebf8 | Can nuclear transmutation be observed in real time? | [{"id": "116370", "score": 1}] | 113722 | test |
9715987c-cb58-440a-8323-4ff3c1677ae6 | What state is fire? Solid, Liquid or Gas or Plasma? | [{"id": "23469", "score": 1}] | 78741 | test |
4031ed14-fdcb-404e-988c-03d8ebf62959 | How much electric charge do electromagnetic waves carry? | [{"id": "135199", "score": 1}, {"id": "41680", "score": 1}] | 19632 | test |
d7a42de5-ac49-43dc-b1aa-1cbe6fb177b8 | How vacuous is intergalactic space? | [{"id": "35443", "score": 1}] | 25378 | test |
0def4e7c-1d91-4e3e-8c64-aab07bbbf05e | Do Hydrinos Exist? | [{"id": "2392", "score": 1}] | 8379 | test |
a5b8fcb4-c4a1-4c1c-be88-203e3e8228f6 | Is a heavier skier faster? | [{"id": "22080", "score": 1}, {"id": "56276", "score": 1}] | 59815 | test |
1d3ccc38-b1f6-4081-a03e-09b9539f0095 | Virtual photons, what makes them virtual? | [{"id": "116952", "score": 1}] | 68940 | test |
2c2217f4-7980-407f-ae6f-e03ebd9bd608 | Why $\vec F=m\vec a$ instead of $\vec F=m\vec v$? | [{"id": "87207", "score": 1}] | 113982 | test |
870f284d-206e-4b07-b076-0661b25d9d0b | Phase shift of resonance | [{"id": "48589", "score": 1}] | 61000 | test |
c18796b6-f5ad-4165-9f2b-9098848aa11c | Modern references for continuum mechanics | [{"id": "14785", "score": 1}, {"id": "14782", "score": 1}] | 2687 | test |
cc31197a-bb18-42af-8d79-eb40372db730 | Universal speed limit | [{"id": "1557", "score": 1}, {"id": "80365", "score": 1}, {"id": "81243", "score": 1}, {"id": "34134", "score": 1}, {"id": "108575", "score": 1}, {"id": "91442", "score": 1}, {"id": "120067", "score": 1}] | 131505 | test |
7537fcc7-50de-4be2-b68d-fb84b85377e4 | Why does dust stick to rotating fan propeller? | [{"id": "81085", "score": 1}] | 1343 | test |
2db03491-d400-4d97-bbc8-7d99f41a38e9 | Is there experimental evidence that massless particles such as photons attract massive objects? | [{"id": "116693", "score": 1}] | 113749 | test |
b2eb3bfc-8365-448c-ad17-61198620b17c | Halliday resnick physics book | [{"id": "47611", "score": 1}] | 90044 | test |
83e1584c-cfa5-4b57-9d2a-6aae1edc8360 | How do I calculate the (apparent) gravitational pull with General Relativity? | [{"id": "58094", "score": 1}, {"id": "26408", "score": 1}, {"id": "57868", "score": 1}] | 2684 | test |
4e8cb87f-a8d5-4849-a765-492e7f1ecfa0 | Observing lunar lander and footprints on the moon? | [{"id": "78624", "score": 1}] | 25145 | test |
9352a8fe-18ff-4054-bcf9-581f6ec85524 | What is the entropy of the universe today? | [{"id": "131147", "score": 1}] | 95864 | test |
d15bbe09-1b50-4cec-827f-f5a79f7cfbd2 | How do you find spin of a particle from experimental data? | [{"id": "32498", "score": 1}, {"id": "92091", "score": 1}, {"id": "93722", "score": 1}, {"id": "24404", "score": 1}, {"id": "130199", "score": 1}, {"id": "11197", "score": 1}] | 31387 | test |
6740bad3-f16e-49ec-9142-30b55c783832 | Photon energy - momentum in matter | [{"id": "82729", "score": 1}] | 44509 | test |
c7758a60-34c3-4312-9ae5-2be27e494649 | What is the difference between a white object and a mirror? | [{"id": "40738", "score": 1}] | 1957 | test |
011bee7e-b811-4709-8052-7a37526b2d82 | Why aren't superconductors shiny? | [{"id": "2409", "score": 1}] | 71901 | test |
89462f5d-a0a9-4e22-8f30-8df99df021be | What is the relation between electromagnetic wave and photon? | [{"id": "110790", "score": 1}] | 90646 | test |
b2a5db11-d094-4f0c-bef6-6c3a11fa115e | Is "now" the bounding edge of the universe in the time dimension? | [{"id": "83531", "score": 1}] | 129991 | test |
22c00521-160b-4ace-8706-299a44f7875f | What methods can astronomers use to find a black hole? | [{"id": "63243", "score": 1}] | 409 | test |
3d43c313-00d9-4109-bd73-68caae4e963c | Where do electrons get their ever-lasting circulating energy? | [{"id": "54874", "score": 1}, {"id": "55976", "score": 1}] | 18473 | test |
7ef380ad-9a23-49fb-b033-7e23138340a2 | What is a field, really? | [{"id": "31457", "score": 1}, {"id": "128490", "score": 1}, {"id": "30517", "score": 1}] | 13157 | test |
d084484b-5240-4229-bacd-a3ce346a239a | Current in a strip - Scalar or vector | [{"id": "90995", "score": 1}] | 123610 | test |
17cbf2b0-9a3b-4204-af1f-678545b49464 | Helicopter in an Elevator | [{"id": "63242", "score": 1}] | 9526 | test |
83012a31-a534-49f4-9679-388f2bc51b8c | Has the concept of non-integer $(n+m)$-dimensional spacetime ever been investigated by theoretical physicists? | [{"id": "19761", "score": 1}] | 19802 | test |
46d8f4db-a662-4dc5-9f86-1c7152dafb1c | Physical interpretation of Fermi golden rule? | [{"id": "89402", "score": 1}, {"id": "98854", "score": 1}] | 102477 | test |
a37594fa-097a-4f81-a50d-b2718fa925c1 | Is the Higgs particle the final one predicted by the Standard Model? | [{"id": "45203", "score": 1}] | 88077 | test |
485ed190-76c8-4141-8b5d-b6275ed5870c | Is the geometric formulation of Hamiltonian mechanics really necessary? | [{"id": "8256", "score": 1}] | 43491 | test |
5ca85243-4c33-4e92-ab92-3e4d5a3dd932 | What allows the modified Urca process to work at lower density than direct Urca in neutron star cooling? | [{"id": "25151", "score": 1}] | 6533 | test |
fd9bc3e8-b165-468b-88aa-43a0e127e1ee | In what limit does string theory reproduce general relativity? | [{"id": "1073", "score": 1}, {"id": "70060", "score": 1}, {"id": "30005", "score": 1}] | 54317 | test |
232c8e3c-287a-47aa-9711-5d43df76a8bd | Is rigorous functional analysis useful for theoretical physics? | [{"id": "27665", "score": 1}] | 105833 | test |
c22a38ec-ad15-4f5d-804f-7b12d7a9b265 | Smolin on Cosmological selection and neutron stars | [{"id": "119668", "score": 1}] | 114483 | test |
2deb38d0-95fe-4e52-b031-5a92a96e42ad | Why does Stephen Hawking say black holes don't exist? | [{"id": "95823", "score": 1}] | 95366 | test |
db2a5ad3-c256-49cc-b1c1-da3322d304ec | Colors from a computer vs. colors from visible spectrum of sunlight | [{"id": "115210", "score": 1}, {"id": "108783", "score": 1}, {"id": "109236", "score": 1}, {"id": "24263", "score": 1}] | 12046 | test |
54ebe9fe-17cc-4172-ab71-fd37a39eb04c | Speed greater than light in circular motion | [{"id": "2774", "score": 1}, {"id": "3119", "score": 1}, {"id": "63974", "score": 1}, {"id": "107097", "score": 1}] | 132058 | test |
1163132e-4581-49ac-85bd-56f95c2f5624 | Train crash: are these situations alike? | [{"id": "16484", "score": 1}, {"id": "82143", "score": 1}, {"id": "45578", "score": 1}, {"id": "108502", "score": 1}] | 21487 | test |
9b64f640-d3eb-487e-b86e-dbe8e9563d43 | Can light be launched outwards from an event horizon? | [{"id": "28297", "score": 1}, {"id": "131910", "score": 1}] | 96335 | test |
0a529215-eb90-4c6a-b86e-fdfe6f22f562 | Video lectures on graduate level Classical Electrodynamics | [{"id": "116612", "score": 1}] | 9449 | test |
7bdbda50-7f53-4013-8ded-846231c7fd18 | Can we calculate the frame dragging force of the Earth? | [{"id": "95368", "score": 1}] | 95361 | test |
91bb3add-1453-4121-b391-c754dfc0140a | What is the current state of research about the Hayden-Preskill circuit? | [{"id": "126193", "score": 1}] | 126296 | test |
f7da9290-f6b5-49bf-b394-20c90b1b78d4 | Why is energy in a wave proportional to amplitude squared | [{"id": "127515", "score": 1}] | 16755 | test |
0346313d-531c-44db-9323-beb01596c57c | Optics of a rotated spectacle lens | [{"id": "71055", "score": 1}] | 72983 | test |
3422ca70-6416-4a09-b480-dfa68bb6b12f | interaction of mathematical structures (rephrased) | [{"id": "96490", "score": 1}] | 96562 | test |
13279056-914a-490d-82ed-5c164b2b2a1c | Antimatter in the universe | [{"id": "26397", "score": 1}, {"id": "1165", "score": 1}, {"id": "134761", "score": 1}, {"id": "17519", "score": 1}] | 56355 | test |
92dea2b9-d7fb-4305-b258-aefd44bf1f21 | A flying fly inside a sealed box on a scale | [{"id": "128932", "score": 1}, {"id": "81955", "score": 1}, {"id": "77626", "score": 1}] | 12756 | test |
ad28311d-b45a-4fa0-b594-384986347ad7 | Is the trajectory of the Moon around the Earth stable? | [{"id": "9290", "score": 1}, {"id": "34341", "score": 1}] | 82417 | test |
fee15695-0075-4917-8f8b-2cfa2bb1fa9a | Force applied off center on an object | [{"id": "116936", "score": 1}, {"id": "51271", "score": 1}] | 43232 | test |
662afb45-ddc6-42b9-b058-77f558efd7f5 | Quick introduction to electromagnetism / Maxwell's equations | [{"id": "20752", "score": 1}] | 48435 | test |
12b3fe64-a041-422b-8d01-60d076f8e312 | Vortex in liquid collects particles in center | [{"id": "69122", "score": 1}, {"id": "96051", "score": 1}, {"id": "8918", "score": 1}, {"id": "21041", "score": 1}] | 3244 | test |
ff08b122-8425-4baf-bcfc-8a9c7d593242 | Force on rope with accelerating mass on pulley | [{"id": "103986", "score": 1}] | 16620 | test |
9b12450c-1a51-491c-a3f0-f0560b554fcb | What moves an object? Momentum or Kinetic Energy? | [{"id": "89708", "score": 1}] | 132788 | test |
f7a563c8-9810-4e78-affc-1d76eb0a5708 | Is electricity instantaneous? | [{"id": "80926", "score": 1}, {"id": "47617", "score": 1}] | 335 | test |
eb9e42f9-ff8e-4b1f-9aec-875eed1bbe83 | Why does ice form on bridges even if the temperature is above freezing? | [{"id": "98035", "score": 1}] | 95705 | test |
7a3f6f5d-a6c4-4321-955f-5b848e934922 | Woodwind instruments overtones | [{"id": "14695", "score": 1}] | 128702 | test |
ef8f10f4-a1ee-440b-ad42-9b315bf6d7bd | Are gravitational waves transverse or longitudinal waves, or do they have unique/unknown properties? | [{"id": "41858", "score": 1}] | 121717 | test |
491c042d-b415-408c-a64b-1631bde12054 | Are tidal power plants slowing down Earth's rotation? | [{"id": "7141", "score": 1}, {"id": "15797", "score": 1}] | 6400 | test |
bc641d2c-efac-4e86-8eb8-e6582396ee72 | Are there any good audio recordings of educational physics material? | [{"id": "19354", "score": 1}] | 16626 | test |
2a15871e-b35d-4a8e-aaee-3e16e3ec8359 | Are free electrons in a metal really free | [{"id": "82020", "score": 1}] | 80932 | test |
156103d4-f2f5-44dd-b1a2-a8444f320d9c | Relativity's effects on centripetal motion | [{"id": "20919", "score": 1}] | 106065 | test |
ba4a4108-7fb7-4c83-82c8-b0ead4b3b9d5 | Learning more about String theory | [{"id": "29007", "score": 1}, {"id": "119384", "score": 1}] | 54437 | test |
a3949a2c-b4c8-4b62-8877-435342025a34 | What happens to an embedded magnetic field when a black hole is formed from rotating charged dust? | [{"id": "46688", "score": 1}] | 39161 | test |
c8eaa525-7ac7-4afc-8f97-8dad6ab11839 | How to make something charged using electricity? | [{"id": "56555", "score": 1}] | 38397 | test |
f4af0375-7b5d-4b81-9a39-b00e1215b98b | How functions become operators in quantum mechanics? | [{"id": "77275", "score": 1}] | 86528 | test |
15acb166-6a53-41d7-91a6-2b12aed183f6 | Light orbiting a massive body | [{"id": "30824", "score": 1}] | 39131 | test |
ff1b25d1-0300-4eca-8970-5085be5dbd41 | Calculate the average temperature needed for hydrogen fusion reaction | [{"id": "63149", "score": 1}] | 107113 | test |
dfba1f55-0c6c-40d0-a77c-a53f8ecdeec6 | What would happen to a person that was inside the Large Hadron Collider when it is turned on? | [{"id": "3468", "score": 1}] | 44193 | test |
0fd01bcb-d404-40e3-ab08-bc02e1d68c91 | Can we make images of single atoms? | [{"id": "110205", "score": 1}] | 54431 | test |
46bc61a8-71ba-4a85-aab9-f4fa70d063ab | Photoelectric Effect, Why can't two quanta interact with an electron at the same time? | [{"id": "118901", "score": 1}] | 95411 | test |
464ef341-37ac-4768-b535-dc3ed18022d7 | What is a good non-technical introduction to theories of everything? | [{"id": "100363", "score": 1}] | 38399 | test |
7f9ec6bb-d109-4a70-8dd2-09d469563fb2 | Why are snowflakes symmetrical? | [{"id": "51919", "score": 1}] | 3795 | test |
41c8a38a-810b-4a93-a8ef-456343713113 | Reducing the Tsunami impact using Nuclear bombs | [{"id": "6762", "score": 1}] | 105483 | test |
90edb75f-d144-4a50-864f-9a7dea3ece7e | Torque direction meaning | [{"id": "119831", "score": 1}] | 82874 | test |
97731d28-296f-41c2-8bd6-3e0ce530e363 | Chemistry from a physical perspective | [{"id": "6208", "score": 1}] | 78732 | test |
0d2a2bc0-8ade-4d71-b6e3-dfc259a309ec | What combinations of realism, non-locality, and contextuality are ruled out in quantum theory? | [{"id": "104648", "score": 1}] | 7276 | test |
a2bc0225-ae2b-4447-9071-77282dc61667 | What is the cause of the normal force? | [{"id": "1077", "score": 1}, {"id": "69317", "score": 1}, {"id": "23797", "score": 1}, {"id": "64616", "score": 1}, {"id": "90347", "score": 1}, {"id": "93600", "score": 1}, {"id": "37749", "score": 1}, {"id": "71846", "score": 1}] | 15055 | test |
026b3e44-d467-4bf2-b5f2-6581ac38a9d4 | Does a black hole singularity last essentially no intrinsic time? | [{"id": "48026", "score": 1}] | 98758 | test |
6f60d746-0f6d-4f02-8364-b8e27fc1f593 | Online lecture videos on QCD? | [{"id": "10021", "score": 1}] | 13349 | test |
39069584-f085-41d5-b6ee-54aacf1f9fa2 | Why is cold fusion considered bogus? | [{"id": "98976", "score": 1}] | 3799 | test |
9f822515-1e0a-4e91-b378-f48ae72ee1f8 | Non-Degeneracy of Eigenvalues of Number Operator for Simple Harmonic Oscillator | [{"id": "23028", "score": 1}] | 46639 | test |
de1393ea-2981-4da8-83f8-4038449a83ac | Rutherfords alpha scattering conclutions? | [{"id": "105761", "score": 1}] | 105735 | test |
9b939dd1-94f7-4121-a3a8-1f3a3fb49733 | Jump from a falling object | [{"id": "214", "score": 1}] | 127940 | test |
e020d2e4-5f57-49a1-be1d-f4f0ace0be10 | Dumbed-down explanation how scientists know the number of atoms in the universe? | [{"id": "98595", "score": 1}] | 47941 | test |
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