Title
stringlengths 1
395
⌀ | abstractText
stringlengths 57
5.98k
| meshMajor
stringlengths 14
1.03k
| pmid
int64 22
33.2M
| meshid
stringlengths 2
3.14k
| meshroot
stringlengths 2
421
| A
int64 0
1
| B
int64 0
1
| C
int64 0
1
| D
int64 0
1
| E
int64 0
1
| F
int64 0
1
| G
int64 0
1
| H
int64 0
1
| I
int64 0
1
| J
int64 0
1
| L
int64 0
1
| M
int64 0
1
| N
int64 0
1
| Z
int64 0
1
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The effect of chronic atypical antipsychotic drugs and haloperidol on amphetamine-induced dopamine release in vivo.
|
The effect of chronic administration of antipsychotic drugs (21 days in drinking water followed by 3 days drug washout) on the D-amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced increase in dopamine (DA) release in the striatum and the nucleus accumbens of awake, freely-moving rats was investigated with microdialysis. Chronic administration of haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic, (0.5 mg/kg/day), decreased basal extracellular DA release in the striatum and the nucleus accumbens but did not affect D-amphetamine-induced DA release in either region. In marked contrast, chronic administration of three atypical antipsychotic drugs: amperozide (2 mg/kg/day), clozapine (10 mg/kg/day) and melperone (2 mg/kg/day) increased basal extracellular DA and enhanced D-amphetamine-induced DA release in the striatum. In the nucleus accumbens, basal extracellular DA was decreased by chronic amperozide, unchanged by chronic clozapine and increased by chronic melperone. Most significantly, D-amphetamine-induced DA release was inhibited by chronic amperozide or clozapine, but unaffected by chronic melperone in this region. These results suggest that atypical antipsychotic drugs can alter DA release in a region specific manner. In particular, attenuation of amphetamine-like stimulation of DA release with reduced basal DA release in the nucleus accumbens could contribute to the antipsychotic action of amperozide which has a very weak affinity for D2 DA receptors.
|
['3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid', 'Animals', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Dextroamphetamine', 'Dialysis', 'Dopamine', 'Haloperidol', 'Homovanillic Acid', 'Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid', 'Male', 'Nucleus Accumbens', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Time Factors']
| 1,379,112
|
[['D02.241.223.601.220'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D02.092.471.683.152.110.200'], ['E05.196.353', 'G02.186'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D02.522.352.506'], ['D02.241.223.601.521'], ['D03.066.288.478', 'D03.633.100.473.404.478'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.775.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative study of the CCF-like pattern recognition protein in different Lumbricid species.
|
Coelomic fluid of the Lumbricid Eisenia fetida contains a 42-kDa pattern recognition protein named coelomic cytolytic factor (CCF) that binds microbial cell wall components and triggers the activation of the prophenoloxidase cascade, an important invertebrate defense pathway. Here we report on the sequence characterization of CCF-like molecules of other Lumbricids: Aporrectodea caliginosa, Aporrectodea icterica, Aporrectodea longa, Aporrectodea rosea, Dendrobaena veneta, Lumbricus rubellus and Lumbricus terrestris, and show that CCF from E. fetida has a broader saccharide-binding specificity, being the only one recognizing N,N'-diacetylchitobiose. We suggest that the broad recognition repertoire of E. fetida CCF reflects a particular microbial environment this species lives in.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Catechol Oxidase', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cytotoxins', 'Disaccharides', 'Enzyme Precursors', 'Humans', 'Lectins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligochaeta', 'Phylogeny', 'Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 16,386,303
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.125'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D27.888.569.213'], ['D09.698.629.305', 'D09.947.750'], ['D08.622', 'D12.776.811.243'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.503'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.050.500.091.657'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.620.500.687', 'E05.601.700'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Opticociliary veins in a primary optic nerve sheath meningioma.
|
A 59-year-old man developed painless visual loss in his left eye over a one-year period, with rapid progression to blindness over three months. Ocular examination of the left eye revealed proptosis, marked optic disk pallor, dilated retinal veins, and congeries of vessels at the disk margin (opticociliary veins). His right eye was unremarkable. Fluorescein angiography and histopathologic examination confirmed the presence of opticociliary veins communicating between branches of the central retinal vein and the adjacent choroidal vasculature. Primary orbital optic nerve meningioma associated with opticociliary veins was diagnosed.
|
['Cranial Nerve Neoplasms', 'Fluorescein Angiography', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Meningeal Neoplasms', 'Meningioma', 'Middle Aged', 'Optic Nerve', 'Optic Nerve Diseases', 'Orbital Neoplasms', 'Retinal Vein']
| 434,059
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure and metabolic profile in women with sleep apnoea.
|
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) reduces blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, the role of CPAP in blood pressure and the metabolic profile in women has not yet been assessed. In this study we investigated the effect of CPAP on blood pressure levels and the glucose and lipid profile in women with moderate-to-severe OSA.A multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial was conducted in 307 women diagnosed with moderate-to-severe OSA (apnoea-hypopnoea index ?15 events·h-1) in 19 Spanish Sleep Units. Women were randomised to CPAP (n=151) or conservative treatment (n=156) for 12 weeks. Changes in office blood pressure measures as well as in the glucose and lipid profile were assessed in both groups.Compared with the control group, the CPAP group achieved a significantly greater decrease in diastolic blood pressure (-2.04 mmHg, 95% CI -4.02- -0.05; p=0.045), and a nonsignificantly greater decrease in systolic blood pressure (-1.54 mmHg, 95% CI -4.58-1.51; p=0.32) and mean blood pressure (-1.90 mmHg, 95% CI -4.0-0.31; p=0.084). CPAP therapy did not change any of the metabolic variables assessed.In women with moderate-to-severe OSA, 12 weeks of CPAP therapy improved blood pressure, especially diastolic blood pressure, but did not change the metabolic profile, compared with conservative treatment.
|
['Aged', 'Blood Pressure', 'Continuous Positive Airway Pressure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Metabolome', 'Middle Aged', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive', 'Spain']
| 28,798,089
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E02.041.625.790.259', 'E02.880.820.790.259'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10'], ['G03.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.618.085.852.850', 'C10.886.425.800.750.850'], ['Z01.542.846']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Borax Alleviates Copper-Induced Renal Injury via Inhibiting the DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Rainbow Trout.
|
The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic potential of borax against copper in the kidney tissue of the rainbow trout fed with added borax (BX) (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg) and/or copper (Cu) (500,1000 mg/kg) contents. For this purpose, two treatment groups had designed, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities were determined. Besides, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG), caspase-3, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed in kidneys of all treatment groups. In molecular pathway, hsp70, CYP1A, and antioxidant gene expression levels were determined. In the results of the analysis, antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression were increased; 8-OHdG, caspase-3, and MDA levels were decreased in groups fed with borax supplemented feeds compared to the copper-treated group. The alterations among the groups were found as significant (p < 0.05). CYP1A and hsp70 gene expressions were upregulated in copper and copper combined groups (p < 0.05). The findings of present research showed that borax had alleviative effect on copper-induced toxicity and could be used as an antidote in fish nutrition.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Apoptosis', 'Borates', 'Catalase', 'Copper', 'DNA Damage', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Superoxide Dismutase']
| 30,612,301
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D01.132.250.075', 'D01.248.497.158.076', 'D02.203.130.075'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['G05.200'], ['D08.811.682.732.500'], ['D12.776.580.216.375'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['D02.047.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.825.580.600'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D08.811.682.881']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
From empathic mind to moral behaviour: the "who", "why" and "how".
|
In this paper, I start by suggesting a new definition of empathy. I go on by answering the question of "Who feels empathy?". I list some examples of people, illustrating how the level of feeling empathy differs from one category of people to another. It's actually almost everybody who feels empathy: the baby, the good Samaritan and the other two priests, the tax evader, the psychopath, the judges, juries, lawyers, the politician, the bully adolescent, the therapist, etc.… Then I explain, "Why empathy is experienced/felt differently?", by drawing on some neuroscience data, and some literature in psychology or philosophy along with some personal suggestions or assumptions. Just to mention one plausible data: we know that the human brain is half developed at birth. It takes twelve to fourteen years for the brain to fully develop. And the frontal lobe continues to develop until the third decade of life! I suggest we must attend to these phases of brain development to learn empathy since that is when the plasticity of the brain and the learning kick-in. Hence, the third section of the paper demonstrates "How can we develop an empathic mind/behaviour given the nature of our empathic brain?": with some supportive research and studies, I justify the statement that "ideally from early age, and all the way up to adulthood, empathy can be learned through nurturing, education, imitation…, through alternative realities such as mindfulness and awareness, and through therapy, memory improvement, training programs, etc.…" In the conclusion, I assert, using some philosophical thoughts and analogies, that a fully developed empathic behaviour, that embraces all three aspects cognitive, affective and compassionate empathy, being the opposite of indifference, is the vehicle to a peaceful, harmonious and just society.
|
['Behavior', 'Brain', 'Cognition', 'Empathy', 'Human Development', 'Humans', 'Morals', 'Philosophy, Medical', 'Psychology, Developmental']
| 26,924,202
|
[['F01.145'], ['A08.186.211'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F01.752.355', 'F01.752.543.500.500'], ['F01.525', 'G07.345.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.500', 'K01.752.566'], ['K01.752.667'], ['F04.096.628.270']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Follow-up in mitral valve prolapse by phonocardiography, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography.
|
To assess the serial phonocardiographic and echocardiographic change in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), phonocardiograms and echocardiograms were reviewed retrospectively in 116 patients (48 men and 68 women, mean age 27 years) who had been determined to have MVP and were reexamined 4.3 years (range 1 to 14) later by phonocardiography and echocardiography between 1971 and 1988. Follow-up phonocardiograms showed periods when 5 of 18 patients with silent MVP developed mid- or late systolic clicks. Of 57 patients with mid- or late systolic clicks, 15 had silent MVP, 6 developed a late systolic murmur with or without systolic clicks and 1 developed a pansystolic murmur. Two of 9 patients with an isolated late systolic murmur developed a pansystolic murmur. M-mode echocardiograms showed that left atrial and left ventricular dimensions at end-diastole and end-systole increased in patients with systolic murmur (33 +/- 10 vs 35 +/- 11, 46 +/- 6 vs 50 +/- 7 and 29 +/- 4 vs 31 +/- 5 mm, respectively, all p less than 0.001) and no statistically significant changes in any of these dimensions were found in patients without a systolic murmur. The degree of MVP evaluated by the anteroposterior mitral leaflet angle on the 2-dimensional echocardiogram was more severe in patients with a systolic murmur than in patients without systolic murmur (157 +/- 12 vs 131 +/- 16 degrees, p less than 0.001). The degree of prolapse did not change during the follow-up periods. The number of patients with mitral regurgitation detected by pulsed Doppler echocardiography increased from 21 of 72 (29%) to 31 of 72 (43%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adult', 'Echocardiography', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Murmurs', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mitral Valve Insufficiency', 'Mitral Valve Prolapse', 'Phonocardiography', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors']
| 2,301,263
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C23.888.447'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.484.461'], ['C14.280.484.400.500'], ['E01.370.370.380.400.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
COSA-1 reveals robust homeostasis and separable licensing and reinforcement steps governing meiotic crossovers.
|
Crossovers (COs) between homologous chromosomes ensure their faithful segregation during meiosis. We identify C. elegans COSA-1, a cyclin-related protein conserved in metazoa, as a key component required to convert meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs) into COs. During late meiotic prophase, COSA-1 localizes to foci that correspond to the single CO site on each homolog pair and indicate sites of eventual concentration of other conserved CO proteins. Chromosomes gain and lose competence to load CO proteins during meiotic progression, with competence to load COSA-1 requiring prior licensing. Our data further suggest a self-reinforcing mechanism maintaining CO designation. Modeling of a nonlinear dose-response relationship between IR-induced DSBs and COSA-1 foci reveals efficient conversion of DSBs into COs when DSBs are limiting and a robust capacity to limit cytologically differentiated CO sites when DSBs are in excess. COSA-1 foci serve as a unique live cell readout for investigating CO formation and CO interference.
|
['Animals', 'Caenorhabditis elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins', 'Chromosomes', 'Crossing Over, Genetic', 'Cyclins', 'DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Meiosis', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutation']
| 22,464,324
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.875.660.250.250'], ['D12.776.419.500'], ['A11.284.187', 'A11.284.430.106.279.345.190', 'G05.360.162'], ['G05.728.615.200'], ['D12.644.360.262', 'D12.776.167.218', 'D12.776.476.262'], ['G05.200.210.220'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G04.144.220.220.687', 'G05.113.220.687'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G05.365.590']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exogenous calcium preconditions myocardium from patients taking oral sulfonylurea agents.
|
We have previously reported that atrial trabeculae from patients taking oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents cannot be preconditioned by transient ischemia, which may, in part, explain the increased cardiovascular mortality historically associated with the use of these agents (J. C. Cleveland et al., 1997, Circulation 96, 29-32). Recently, we reported that clinically accessible and acceptable exogenous Ca(2+) pretreatment protects human atrial trabeculae from subsequent ischemia (B. S. Cain et al., 1998, Ann. Thoracic Surg. 65, 1065-1070). It remains unknown whether this preconditioning strategy could confer protection to trabeculae from patients taking oral sulfonylurea drugs. We therefore hypothesized that exogenous Ca(2+) confers ischemic protection to trabeculae from patients taking oral sulfonylureas. Human atrial trabeculae were suspended in organ baths and field stimulated at 1 Hz, and force development was recorded. Following 90 min equilibration, trabeculae from patients taking oral sulfonylurea agents (n = 6 patients) were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R; 45/120 min) with or without Ca(2+) (1 mM increase x 5 min) 10 min prior to I/R. I/R decreased postischemic human myocardial contractility in trabeculae from patients on oral hypoglycemics to 15.3 +/- 2.0% baseline developed force (%BDF). Ca(2+) pretreatment increased postischemic human myocardial developed force to 35.3 +/- 2.9 %BDF in these patients (P < 0.05 vs I/R, ANOVA and Bonferroni/Dunn). We conclude that atrial muscle from patients taking oral hypoglycemic agents can be preconditioned with exogenous Ca(2+). This therapy may offer a clinically relevant means to precondition the myocardium of diabetics taking oral hypoglycemic agents prior to clinical interventions such as coronary angioplasty or cardiac bypass.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Atrial Function', 'Calcium', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'Sulfonylurea Compounds']
| 10,534,420
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['G09.330.040'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['E05.481'], ['E02.592.325', 'E05.516.325'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['C14.280.238.615', 'C14.280.647.625', 'C14.907.585.625', 'C14.907.725.600', 'C23.550.767.877.500'], ['D02.065.950.828', 'D02.886.590.795']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
TLR and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signals differentially regulate exogenous antigen presentation.
|
The effect of dendritic cell (DC) maturation on MHC class II-restricted Ag presentation is well studied, but less is known about the effects of DC maturation on MHC class I-restricted cross-presentation. We investigated the ability of mature DCs to present Ags from cells infected with HSV-1. Pretreatment with pure LPS increased cross-presentation in a manner dependent on both MyD88 and Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-â, whereas a similar dose of a less pure LPS preparation inhibited cross-presentation. The difference could not be attributed to differences in uptake or phenotypic maturation. The likely contaminant responsible for shutting down cross-presentation is peptidoglycan (PGN). Addition of PGN to pure LPS abrogated its ability to enhance cross-presentation. Direct activation of DCs with PGN inhibited cross-presentation through nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling. These results demonstrate that different maturation stimuli can have opposite impacts on the ability of DCs to cross-present viral Ags.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Cross-Priming', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein', 'Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein', 'Peptidoglycan', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Signal Transduction', 'Toll-Like Receptor 2', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4']
| 22,156,493
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['G12.450.050.400.545.150', 'G12.565.150'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.644.360.024.131.249', 'D12.644.360.024.313.249', 'D12.644.360.075.358.249', 'D12.644.360.539.500.249', 'D12.776.157.057.006.249', 'D12.776.157.057.078.249', 'D12.776.476.024.139.249', 'D12.776.476.024.391.249', 'D12.776.476.075.358.249'], ['D12.644.360.024.131.500', 'D12.644.360.024.313.500', 'D12.644.360.075.358.500', 'D12.644.360.539.500.500', 'D12.776.157.057.006.500', 'D12.776.157.057.078.500', 'D12.776.476.024.139.500', 'D12.776.476.024.391.500', 'D12.776.476.075.358.500'], ['D09.400.420.700', 'D09.698.718.594', 'D12.644.233.594', 'D12.776.395.560.800', 'D23.050.161.616.594'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Theoretical study of the regioselective cyclization of enaminones in the construction of benzofurans and indoles.
|
A theoretical study was undertaken regarding the regioselective Lewis acid-promoted intramolecular cyclization of novel enaminones 1-3 leading to the corresponding benzofurans 4-5 and indoles 6. The density functional theory (DFT) and hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) principle provided data to describe the electronic effects of the substituents in the reactivity of the benzene ring and the enaminone moiety. The condensed and local Fukui functions for nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks of the reactants accounted for the experimentally observed preference, in regard to precursors 1-3, of the cyclization between the C6' carbon (rather than the C2' carbon) of the benzene ring and the C3 center of the enaminone moiety.
|
['Benzofurans', 'Cyclization', 'Indoles', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Naphthoquinones', 'Quantum Theory', 'Regression Analysis', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Thermodynamics']
| 27,132,239
|
[['D03.633.100.127'], ['G02.111.180', 'G02.607.133', 'G03.208'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.721', 'D02.806.550', 'D04.615.638.721'], ['H01.671.579.800'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Two subtypes of symptomatic joint hypermobility: a descriptive study using latent class analysis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate a cohort of children with symptomatic joint hypermobility.METHODS: Case notes for 318 children with joint hypermobility attending a rheumatology clinic were reviewed for clinical presentation, medical history, psychosocial factors and physical examination findings. Seven key variables were extracted and used as indicator variables in a latent class analysis to estimate the presence and number of subgroups of children with symptomatic joint hypermobility.RESULTS: Two subgroups with differing clinical presentations were identified accounting for age and gender: an 'athletic-persistent' class (62%) characterised by higher probabilities for recurrent and chronic musculoskeletal pain, and less severe hypermobility; and a 'systemic-profound' class (38%) characterised by generalised hypermobility, recurrent musculoskeletal pain, gastro-oesophageal reflux and motor delay.CONCLUSION: Findings suggest the presence of two distinct presentations of children with hypermobility. This finding may be important for clinical decision-making and management of this group of children.
|
['Arthralgia', 'Child', 'Decision Making', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Joint Instability', 'Joints', 'Latent Class Analysis', 'Male', 'Pain Measurement', 'Prevalence', 'Western Australia']
| 30,120,142
|
[['C05.550.091', 'C23.888.592.612.094', 'F02.830.816.444.350', 'G11.561.790.444.350'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.521'], ['A02.835.583'], ['E05.318.740.250.338', 'G17.035.625', 'L01.224.050.687', 'N05.715.360.750.200.375', 'N06.850.520.830.250.338'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['Z01.639.100.996', 'Z01.678.100.373.996']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Visual P3a in male subjects at high risk for alcoholism.
|
BACKGROUND: Voltage of the P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) has been proposed as a phenotypic marker of risk for alcoholism. P3a elicited by intrusive events is important in the context of deficits in inhibition found during psychophysiological and behavioral evaluations in children of alcoholics.METHODS: ERPs were recorded from a group of adult children of alcoholics (n = 26) and controls (n = 23) with a three-stimulus visual oddball paradigm. The task required a difficult perceptual discrimination between a frequent (.80) vertical line and an infrequent (.10) 2 degrees tilted line (target). An easily discriminable nontarget infrequent horizontal line also occurred (.10). Subjects were required to press a button to the target. P3a was compared using mixed-model ANCOVAs at 31 sites organized in 5 scalp regions. Current source density (CSD) maps were also analyzed.RESULTS: High-risk (HR) subjects manifested reduced P3a amplitudes compared to controls at frontal, central, parietal, and temporal electrodes. CSD analyses supported these findings with group differences found for all the scalp regions.CONCLUSIONS: The results are discussed in relation to previous HR studies. P3a reductions may be related to deficits in neuronal inhibition during stimulus processing. These results suggest that P3a amplitude may be important as a marker for vulnerability to alcoholism.
|
['Adult', 'Alcoholism', 'Brain Mapping', 'Event-Related Potentials, P300', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Parietal Lobe', 'Risk Factors', 'Temporal Lobe']
| 10,418,704
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['G07.265.216.500.350', 'G11.561.200.500.350'], ['G07.265.216.500.425', 'G11.561.200.500.425', 'G14.330'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Identification and characterization of a 27 kDa acrosome protein of human sperm defined by a monoclonal antibody with fertilization-blocking effect.
|
A monoclonal antibody, MAb 1G1, possessing a strong fertilization-blocking activity was prepared by immunizing a BALB/c mouse with capacitated human sperm in order to study the molecular nature of sperm antigens relevant to fertilization. MAb 1G1 inhibited human sperm penetration into zona-free hamster eggs. It reacted to the apical portion of acrosome-reacted human sperm, but did not react to live sperm before the acrosome reaction as demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining. In paraffin-embedded testis sections, the round spermatids, spermatocytes and spermatozoa were stained with MAb 1G1, but the spermatogonia were not stained. Neither Sertoli cells, Leydig cells nor other somatic tissues were stained. The sperm of Japanese monkey, bull, boar, hamster and mouse were not stained. Therefore, the staining of sperm was species specific. The antigen corresponding to MAb 1G1 showed a band at 27 kDa by immunoblotting. The reactivity of the antigenic component was not destroyed by periodic acid treatment. From the results obtained, it was postulated that the antigenic molecule might be a polypeptide. These results indicated that this MAb might be a useful tool for studying the mechanism of human sperm-egg fertilization and the development of a contraceptive vaccine.
|
['Acrosome', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Cattle', 'Contraception, Immunologic', 'Cricetinae', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Macaca', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Molecular Weight', 'Species Specificity', 'Sperm-Ovum Interactions', 'Swine']
| 7,932,391
|
[['A05.360.490.890.820.100', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550.040', 'A11.497.760.400.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E02.875.194.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['G02.494'], ['G16.824'], ['G08.686.784.277.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serum level of interleukin-16 in multiple myeloma patients and its relationship to disease activity.
|
Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a chemoattractant of CD4+ lymphocytes, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. There is evidence that it may have a role in multiple myeloma (MM). In the present study, we determined the serum level of IL-16 both before and after treatment of MM and related it to inflammatory markers and survival. Forty-eight newly diagnosed MM patients were included in the study. Disease stage was defined using the Durie-Salmon classification system (10 patients were in stage I, 19 in stage II, and 19 in stage III). After standard treatment, 22 patients reached the plateau phase and were re-evaluated. The following serum parameters were measured: IL-16, IL-6, alpha-1 antitrypsin (alpha1AT), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Survival was determined as the number of months elapsed since original diagnosis. The mean +/- SD of serum IL-16 was 343 +/- 195 pg/ml in the pre-treatment MM group and 101 +/- 30 pg/ml in the control group. All measured parameters were higher in the patient group compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, IL-16, IL-6, alpha1AT, and CRP were significantly increased with increasing stage of disease, from stage I to stage III (P<0.01). All parameters decreased significantly following effective chemotherapy (P<0.002). Patients with a high level of IL-16 (>430 pg/ml) displayed an inferior survival time in comparison to those with lower levels of IL-16. In the pre-treatment group, IL-16 correlated with alpha1AT and IL-6 (r=0.374, P<0.01 and r=0.454, P<0.002, respectively). IL-16 may play a role in multiple myeloma; however, further functional studies are required.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Biomarkers', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-16', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Reference Values', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors']
| 14,755,377
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.516', 'D12.776.467.374.465.516', 'D23.529.374.465.516'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging in coarctation of the aorta: the importance of multiple imaging planes.
|
Coarctation of the aorta can be evaluated reliably and noninvasively by magnetic resonance imaging. However, the value of different imaging planes in the evaluation of restenosis or aneurysm has not previously been studied. Our purpose was to study the relative sensitivity for oblique coronal and oblique parasagittal magnetic resonance imaging to detect restenosis or aneurysm formation in children following surgical repair or balloon angioplasty of coarctation of the aorta. The study included magnetic resonance imaging studies in 27 children. Each exam included ECG gated, spin-echo imaging in oblique coronal and oblique parasagittal planes. Recoarctation was defined as a greater than 50% narrowing of the aorta. Aneurysms were defined as focal dilatation of the aorta in the region of coarctation 20% or greater than the adjacent aortic diameter. Recoarctation was detected in 11 children, but in both views in only five children. Aneurysms were detected in 15 children, but in both views in only three children. Recoarctation and aneurysm detection were both statistically more likely to be detected if oblique coronal and oblique parasagittal views were obtained, indicating that multiple imaging planes are necessary to completely evaluate magnetic resonance imaging of coarctation.
|
['Angioplasty, Balloon', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic', 'Aortic Coarctation', 'Child', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Recurrence']
| 9,270,101
|
[['E02.148.050.060', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060', 'E04.502.382.124.060', 'E05.157.016.060'], ['C14.907.055.239.125', 'C14.907.109.139.125'], ['C14.240.400.090', 'C14.280.400.090', 'C16.131.240.400.090'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C23.550.291.937']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Reversal of age-related learning deficiency by the vertebrate PACAP and IGF-1 in a novel invertebrate model of aging: the pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis).
|
With the increase of life span, nonpathological age-related memory decline is affecting an increasing number of people. However, there is evidence that age-associated memory impairment only suspends, rather than irreversibly extinguishes, the intrinsic capacity of the aging nervous system for plasticity (1). Here, using a molluscan model system, we show that the age-related decline in memory performance can be reversed by administration of the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP). Our earlier findings showed that a homolog of the vertebrate PACAP38 and its receptors exist in the pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) brain (2), and it is both necessary and instructive for memory formation after reward conditioning in young animals (3). Here we show that exogenous PACAP38 boosts memory formation in aged Lymnaea, where endogenous PACAP38 levels are low in the brain. Treatment with insulin-like growth factor-1, which in vertebrates was shown to transactivate PACAP type I (PAC1) receptors (4) also boosts memory formation in aged pond snails. Due to the evolutionarily conserved nature of these polypeptides and their established role in memory and synaptic plasticity, there is a very high probability that they could also act as "memory rejuvenating" agents in humans.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Humans', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Learning', 'Lymnaea', 'Memory', 'Memory, Long-Term', 'Models, Animal', 'Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide', 'Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide']
| 24,846,768
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['B01.050.500.644.400.750.645'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['F02.463.425.540.305'], ['E05.598'], ['D12.644.276.860.887', 'D12.644.400.625', 'D12.776.467.860.887', 'D12.776.631.600.887', 'D12.776.631.650.625', 'D23.529.850.887'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.665']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Distribution of Tomato planta macho viroid in germinating pollen and transmitting tract.
|
Vertical and horizontal pollen transmission is important for efficient infection by viroids. Vertical pollen transmission of viroids is attributed to the infection by viroid in the embryo sac through infected pollen. To identify the viroid infection in pollen and pollen tubes elongating through the transmitting tract, we used in situ hybridization to histochemically analyze the distribution of Tomato planta macho viroid (TPMVd) in pollen grains, the stigma, and style of petunia plants. TPMVd was present in the generative nucleus and vegetative nucleus of mature infected pollen grains and germinating pollen grains. During pollen tube growth, TPMVd was present in the vegetative nucleus and two sperm nuclei, which were generated by division of the generative nucleus in the style transmitting tract. These findings indicated that viroid infection in sperm nuclei is responsible for vertical pollen transmission of viroids. TPMVd infection from TPMVd-infected pollen tubes to the transmitting tract was not observed. In addition, TPMVd signals were not confirmed in the stigma and transmitting tract of TPMVd-infected petunia plants, suggesting that viroids may not replicate in these tissues at the stage of mature style. Therefore, TPMVd may leak from the pollen tube somewhere in the ovary, except in the transmitting tract, during the horizontal transmission of TPMVd.
|
['Cell Nucleus', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Petunia', 'Plant Viruses', 'Pollen']
| 28,942,579
|
[['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.448'], ['B04.715'], ['A18.024.249.500.249.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Physical and biological organ dosimetry analysis for international space station astronauts.
|
In this study, we analyzed the biological and physical organ dose equivalents for International Space Station (ISS) astronauts. Individual physical dosimetry is difficult in space due to the complexity of the space radiation environment, which consists of protons, heavy ions and secondary neutrons, and the modification of these radiation types in tissue as well as limitations in dosimeter devices that can be worn for several months in outer space. Astronauts returning from missions to the ISS undergo biodosimetry assessment of chromosomal damage in lymphocyte cells using the multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Individual-based pre-flight dose responses for lymphocyte exposure in vitro to gamma rays were compared to those exposed to space radiation in vivo to determine an equivalent biological dose. We compared the ISS biodosimetry results, NASA's space radiation transport models of organ dose equivalents, and results from ISS and space shuttle phantom torso experiments. Physical and biological doses for 19 ISS astronauts yielded average effective doses and individual or population-based biological doses for the approximately 6-month missions of 72 mSv and 85 or 81 mGy-Eq, respectively. Analyses showed that 80% or more of organ dose equivalents on the ISS are from galactic cosmic rays and only a small contribution is from trapped protons and that GCR doses were decreased by the high level of solar activity in recent years. Comparisons of models to data showed that space radiation effective doses can be predicted to within about a +/-10% accuracy by space radiation transport models. Finally, effective dose estimates for all previous NASA missions are summarized.
|
['Astronauts', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Internationality', 'Models, Biological', 'Radiometry', 'Spacecraft', 'Whole-Body Irradiation']
| 18,582,161
|
[['M01.526.173'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['I01.615'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.799'], ['J01.937.285.850.900'], ['E02.815.814', 'E05.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Lipoma induced jejunojejunal intussusception.
|
Intussusception in adults is rare. The clinical picture of intussusception in adults is subtle and the diagnosis is, therefore, elusive. The presence of a structural abnormality in the great majority of the adult cases mandates high clinical suspicion. Gastrointestinal lipomas are rare benign tumors and intussusception due to a gastrointestinal lipoma constitutes an infrequent clinical entity. The present report describes a case of jejunojejunal intussusception in an adult with a history of severe episodes of hematochezia and colicky upper abdominal pain. The diagnosis was suspected preoperatively but computed tomography scan could not rule out malignancy. Exploratory laparotomy revealed jejunojejunal intussusception secondary to a lipoma which was successfully treated with segmental intestinal resection.
|
['Abdominal Pain', 'Digestive System Surgical Procedures', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Intussusception', 'Jejunal Diseases', 'Jejunal Neoplasms', 'Lipoma', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,659,719
|
[['C23.888.592.612.054', 'C23.888.821.030'], ['E04.210'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.531.577'], ['C06.405.469.600'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.523', 'C06.301.371.411.523', 'C06.405.249.411.523', 'C06.405.469.491.523', 'C06.405.469.600.523'], ['C04.557.450.550.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
MreC and MreD Proteins Are Not Required for Growth of Staphylococcus aureus.
|
The transmembrane proteins MreC and MreD are present in a wide variety of bacteria and are thought to be involved in cell shape determination. Together with the actin homologue MreB and other morphological elements, they play an essential role in the synthesis of the lateral cell wall in rod-shaped bacteria. In ovococcus, which lack MreB homologues, mreCD are also essential and have been implicated in peripheral cell wall synthesis. In this work we addressed the possible roles of MreC and MreD in the spherical pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. We show that MreC and MreD are not essential for cell viability and do not seem to affect cell morphology, cell volume or cell cycle control. MreC and MreD localize preferentially to the division septa, but do not appear to influence peptidoglycan composition, nor the susceptibility to different antibiotics and to oxidative and osmotic stress agents. Our results suggest that the function of MreCD in S. aureus is not critical for cell division and cell shape determination.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Cell Division', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genes, Essential', 'Peptidoglycan', 'Staphylococcus aureus']
| 26,470,021
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.270'], ['D09.400.420.700', 'D09.698.718.594', 'D12.644.233.594', 'D12.776.395.560.800', 'D23.050.161.616.594'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bioelectric phenomena related to protein-fixed charge in a crab nerve fiber.
|
The bioelectrical characteristics of a crab nerve fiber subjected to solutions containing the impermeant anions ferrocyanide, glutamate, or ethanolsulfate substituted for chloride include prolonged slow depolarizations that elicit prolonged trains of impulses sulperimposed on the plateau portion. Propionate and nitrate depress repetitive firing while thiocyancite has only a slighit effect. Nerves treated with ferrocyanide lose potassium and gain sodium, which fact may account for their depolarization. On the other hand, studies with interference microscopy reveal shift by ferrocyanide in the interference fringe pattern of the sheath material; this suggests a reorientation of fixed charges in the protein layers by direct action of the anion on these layers. This may also account for the electrical manifestations observed.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Chlorides', 'Crustacea', 'Electrophysiology', 'Ethanol', 'Ferrocyanides', 'Glutamates', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neurons', 'Nitrates', 'Potassium', 'Propionates', 'Sodium', 'Sulfates', 'Thiocyanates']
| 6,021,041
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['B01.050.500.131.365'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D01.248.497.158.291.370', 'D01.490.200.250', 'D01.625.400.100.350'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.776.631'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D02.241.081.751', 'D10.251.400.706'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D01.248.497.158.845', 'D01.875.800.800.850'], ['D02.262.775', 'D02.886.728']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Renovation of the WWTP hove.
|
The provision of reliable treatment has always been a priority in sanitary engineering. However, there is an ever-increasing pressure to meet desirable standards at reduced costs. This paper sets out a methodology to enhance the likelihood of a satisfactory allocation of the resources while providing reliable treatment. The procedure was gradually developed to optimise the massive capital investment of the Flemish Government to comply with the effluent standards set in the EU Directive 271/91. The methodology makes an extended use of dynamic modelling. To facilitate the identification and estimation of the uncertainty, a probabilistic Monte Carlo engine is coupled to the dynamic models. In doing so this approach provides a way of explicitly incorporating uncertainty and variability in the process analysis. The procedure is examined in an upgrade of a conventional WWTP towards stricter effluent norms on nutrients. The results suggest that the procedure can support the decision-making process under uncertainty conditions and enhance the likelihood of meeting effluent standards not entailing above-normal capital investments. The analysis led to reducing the capital investment by 43%, producing savings of more than 1.2 million Euros.
|
['Belgium', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Sanitary Engineering', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid']
| 15,954,569
|
[['Z01.542.115'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['E05.599'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['H02.229.656', 'J01.293.821', 'N06.850.780.200.800.800', 'N06.850.860.510'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Predictors of smoking onset over two years.
|
The objective of this analysis was to identify variables that predict the initiation of smoking among adolescents, and the development of susceptibility to smoking, over a 2-year period. We assessed variables that might predict later smoking among nonsmoking students in grades 7 and 9 and assessed their smoking status 2 years later, when they were in grades 9 and 11, thus receiving data from 4,130 students at two time points. Initiation of weekly smoking over the 2 years was associated with having a parent, sibling, or close friend who smokes; low school grades; higher levels of deviant behavior; susceptibility to smoking; use of smokeless tobacco; and for 7th graders, perception of higher levels of normative smoking. Susceptibility, defined as not being able to rule out the idea of smoking a year after the survey, was identified as a strong predictor of smoking and a valuable intermediary measure. We also assessed factors associated with the prediction of susceptibility 2 years post-test. Susceptibility to smoking was associated with deviant behavior, low grades, lower parental monitoring, relaxed parental attitude toward youth smoking, ease of access to tobacco, and lower exposure to anti-tobacco messages. This study provides support for the idea that susceptibility to smoking could be a useful outcome variable for tobacco research, as an intermediary to the initiation of smoking. In addition, evidence indicates that theoretically manipulable variables, including access to tobacco and exposure to anti-tobacco information, have the potential to influence susceptibility to smoking over a time.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Age of Onset', 'Attitude to Health', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Family Relations', 'Female', 'Health Behavior', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Peer Group', 'Risk-Taking', 'Self Concept', 'Smoking', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tobacco Use Disorder']
| 18,058,344
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.829.263.370', 'I01.880.853.150.439'], ['F01.145.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['F01.829.316.483'], ['F01.145.722'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['F01.145.805'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['C25.775.912', 'F03.900.912']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Tobacco use among married women in Nepal: the role of women's empowerment.
|
This study documented the prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among women of reproductive age in Nepal using nationally representative data. We utilized the 2006 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey that interviewed 10,793 women and 4,397 men. We analyzed the couple's data or households (N = 2,600) in which both husband and wife were interviewed. We examined the effects of women's empowerment-measured by education, employment, intra-household decisions, and age-on their tobacco use controlling for other individual and household characteristics. Women's empowerment had mixed effects on tobacco use. While women's education was inversely associated with their tobacco use, their age, employment and ability to make intra-household mobility decisions were positively associated with smoking. Women with primary and beyond primary education were 48 and 92 % less likely to smoke compared to women with no education, respectively. Tobacco use among women increased dramatically with age from 8 % in teen years to 42 % in their forties. A 1 year increase in age increased the odds of tobacco use by 6 %. Women whose husbands smoked were twice as likely to smoke. Nepal should not only restrict tobacco use in public places by implementing its Tobacco Control and Regulatory Act of 2010 but also focus on encouraging smoke-free homes by increasing awareness about the health consequences of tobacco use and secondhand smoke among populations most likely to smoke that include nearly all men, employed women, women with low levels of education, women whose spouses smoke and those who are 30 and above in age. Additionally, a long term goal should be to ensure at least 5th grade of education for all girls.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Educational Status', 'Employment', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Marriage', 'Middle Aged', 'Nepal', 'Population Surveillance', 'Power, Psychological', 'Prevalence', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Smoking', 'Social Environment', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Tobacco Smoke Pollution', 'Young Adult']
| 22,527,772
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['N01.824.196'], ['N01.824.245'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.315.500.500', 'I01.240.361.500.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500.500', 'N01.224.361.500.500', 'N01.824.308.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.252.245.674'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['F01.658.780'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['F01.145.805'], ['I01.880.853.500'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['D20.633.937.680', 'N06.850.460.100.555'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Functional levels and nurse workload of elderly awaiting nursing home placement and nursing home residents: a comparative study.
|
The aim of this study was twofold: to compare the functional levels of elderly awaiting nursing home placement and nursing home residents, and to compare their nurses' physical and psychological workloads. In Norway, the demand for nursing home placement has increased greatly. Elderly awaiting placement can receive care from home health care services and/or from their families. Documenting elderly's functional levels may illuminate the extent of the carers' workloads and the need for support during the waiting period. The study was conducted in 2005 on two groups in northern Norway. Using the Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale to assess functional levels, one group of nurses assessed elderly awaiting nursing home placement (n = 36) and another group of nurses assessed nursing home residents (n = 47). The nurses also reported physical and psychological workloads in caring for these elderly. A comparison of the functional levels between elderly awaiting nursing home placement and nursing home residents showed few statistically significant differences. Nursing home residents had two lower motor functions, needed more assistance with activities of daily living, more regular administration of enemas, were more often unable to speak, and showed lower orientation levels. Clinically significant similarities were found in five motor functions, including rising from lying to sitting, rising out of bed and walking, and in behavioural and psychiatric symptoms. Both groups of elderly had a high prevalence of sadness and fearfulness. The results of this study indicate that elderly awaiting nursing home placement can be as frail as nursing home residents. These results highlight the elderly's need for assistance and reveal the need for more nursing home beds. Nurses in home health care and nursing homes rated physical and psychological workloads similarly. As many carers provide care 24 hours a day, these results also illuminate the need to support carers during the waiting period.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Catchment Area, Health', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Norway', 'Nurses', 'Nursing Homes', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Waiting Lists', 'Workload']
| 19,740,113
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['N01.224.791.200', 'N03.349.650.095', 'N06.850.505.400.800.200'], ['F03.615.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['M01.526.485.650', 'N02.360.650'], ['N02.278.825.610'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['N04.452.095.738'], ['I03.946.225.500', 'N04.452.677.650.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Spectrum of UGT1A1 Variations in Chinese Patients with Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type II.
|
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome type II (CNS-II) is an autosomal recessive hereditary condition of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia without hemolysis, with bilirubin levels ranging from 102.6 ìmol/L to 342 ìmol/L. CNS-II is caused by a deficiency of UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UGT), which is encoded by the UDP-glucuronyl transferase 1A1 gene (UGT1A1). In East Asian populations, the compound homozygous UGT1A1 G71R and Y486D variants are frequently observed in cases with bilirubin levels exceeding 200 ìmol/L. In this study, we investigated the spectrum of UGT1A1 variations in Chinese CNS-II patients. We sequenced the enhancer, promoter, and coding regions of UGT1A1 in 11 unrelated Chinese CNS-II patients and 80 healthy controls. Nine of these patients carried variations that are here reported for the first time in CNS-II patients, although they have been previously reported for other types of hereditary unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. These individual variations have less influence on UGT activity than do the compound homozygous variation (combination of homozygous G71R variant and Y486D variant). Therefore, we propose that the spectrum of UGT1A1 variations in CNS-II differs according to the bilirubin levels.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Bilirubin', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Crigler-Najjar Syndrome', 'Enhancer Elements, Genetic', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genotype', 'Glucuronosyltransferase', 'Homozygote', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 25,993,113
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.249.184', 'D03.633.400.909.249.184', 'D04.345.783.249.184', 'D23.767.193.184'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C16.320.565.300.281', 'C18.452.648.300.281'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330', 'G05.360.080.689.330', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.380'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.480'], ['G05.380.554'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Characteristics of children with elevated symptoms of mania: the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study is to examine differences in psychiatric symptomatology, diagnoses, demographics, functioning, and psychotropic medication exposure in children with elevated symptoms of mania (ESM) compared to youth without ESM. This article describes the initial demographic information, diagnostic and symptom prevalence, and medication exposure for the LAMS cohort that will be followed longitudinally.METHOD: Guardians of consecutively ascertained new outpatients 6 to 12 years of age presenting for treatment at one of 10 university-affiliated mental health centers were asked to complete the Parent General Behavior Inventory-10-Item Mania Scale (PGBI-10M). Patients with scores ? 12 on the PGBI-10M (ESM+) and a matched sample of patients who screened negative (ESM-) were invited to participate. Patients were enrolled from December 13, 2005, to December 18, 2008.RESULTS: 707 children (621 ESM+, 86 ESM-; mean [SD] age = 9.4 [2.0] years) were evaluated. The ESM+ group, compared to the ESM- group, more frequently met DSM-IV criteria for a mood disorder (P < .001), bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD; P < .001), and disruptive behavior disorders (P < .01). Furthermore, they showed poorer overall functioning and more severe manic, depressive, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, disruptive behavioral, and anxiety symptoms. Nevertheless, rates of BPSD were relatively low in the ESM+ group (25%), with almost half of these BPSD patients (12.1% of ESM+ patients) meeting DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. ESM+ children with BPSD had significantly more of the following: current prescriptions for antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and anticonvulsants (P < .001 for each); psychiatric hospitalizations (P < .001); and biological parents with elevated mood (P = .001 for mothers, P < .013 for fathers). ESM+ children with BPSD were also lower functioning compared to ESM+ children without BPSD.CONCLUSIONS: Although ESM+ was associated with higher rates of BPSD than ESM-, 75% of ESM+ children did not meet criteria for BPSD. Results suggest that longitudinal assessment is needed to examine which factors are associated with diagnostic evolution to BPSD in children with elevated symptoms of mania.
|
['Anxiety', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Depression', 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Mood Disorders', 'Ohio', 'Pennsylvania', 'Personality Inventory', 'Prevalence', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Socioeconomic Factors']
| 21,034,685
|
[['F01.470.132'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['F03.625.094'], ['F03.084.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['L01.453.245.945.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F03.600'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.512', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.540', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.540'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.550'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Outside-the-ribcage thoracic migration of a spigelian hernia.
|
Lung and spigelian hernia are both extremely rare diseases, and their combined and simultaneous appearance in the same patient, causing the small bowel to shift from the abdomen towards the thorax external to the ribcage is even more unusual. Here, we report such a case, supported by comprehensive iconography and a detailed discussion of the hypothetical pathogenesis.
|
['Aged', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hernia, Ventral', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Obstruction', 'Intestine, Small', 'Laparotomy', 'Male', 'Prosthesis Implantation', 'Radiography, Abdominal', 'Surgical Mesh', 'Thoracic Cavity', 'Thoracoplasty', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 18,584,281
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.171'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C23.300.707.374.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.531'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['E04.406'], ['E04.650'], ['E01.370.350.700.715'], ['E07.858.708'], ['A01.923.761.800'], ['E04.928.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of semi-rigid arch-support orthotics: an investigation with potential ergonomic implications.
|
For many years, arch-support orthotics have been prescribed for individuals with discomfort and/or abnormal skeletal alignments in the structures of the lower extremity. Recently there has been an increased interest in promoting semi-rigid orthotics as an ergonomic aid for asymptomatic workers who must stand all day at their workplace. A laboratory study was performed to assess the biomechanical impact of prefabricated semi-rigid orthotics on asymptomatic individuals. Ten subjects wore semi-rigid arch-support orthotics (experimental condition) for two months and flexible polyurethane/Sorbothane shoe inserts (control condition) for two months. Throughout this 18-week testing period, the subjects returned to the lab to perform a battery of assessment tests at regularly scheduled intervals. These tests examined subject strength, standing posture, stability, fatigue effects, and body part discomfort. The results of this study showed no significant changes in the strength, posture, or stability as a function of insert type. The subjects reported a reduction in low-back discomfort along with an increase in foot discomfort during a fatiguing exertion task while wearing the semi-rigid orthotics as compared to the control condition.
|
['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Anthropometry', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Ergonomics', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Foot', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscles', 'Orthotic Devices', 'Polyurethanes', 'Posture', 'Shoes', 'Time Factors']
| 11,059,465
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['F02.784.412', 'J01.293.556'], ['C23.888.369'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['E07.858.442.743'], ['D02.241.081.251.944.750', 'D05.750.716.650', 'D25.720.327.782', 'D25.720.716.650', 'J01.637.051.720.327.782', 'J01.637.051.720.716.650', 'J01.637.412.700'], ['G11.427.695'], ['J01.637.215.800'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Differential diagnostics in patients with mild lumbar spinal stenosis: the contributions and limits of various tests.
|
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and diabetic polyneuropathy are common ailments of older age. Many people suffer from both at the same time. In such patients it may sometimes be difficult to separate signs and symptoms that could be attributed to either disease. This study evaluates the contributions and limits of various tests, especially the exercise treadmill test (ETT) and electrophysiological examination, in the diagnostics of patients with mild LSS. Twenty-nine patients with mild LSS documented by computed tomography (CT) participated in this study. Sixteen of the patients had neurogenic claudication (LSS NC+), and 13 patients did not (LSS NC-). Patients with LSS were compared with a group of 24 patients with diabetic polyneuropathy and 25 healthy volunteers. The distance covered, the time spent walking and the reasons for preliminary termination of the ETT were evaluated in all groups. Initial electrophysiological examination included electromyography (EMG) from the upper and lower extremities and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to the lower extremities. LSS NC+ patients covered a significantly shorter distance and the time spent walking was significantly shorter than in LSS NC- patients and in the two control groups. The main reason for preliminary termination of the ETT was the development of NC in 67% of the LSS NC+ patients. In contrast, no LSS NC- patient and none from the control groups revealed NC, but 31% of LSS NC- patients were not able to finish the ETT for other reasons (e.g. dyspnoea). Electrophysiological parameters evaluated from the upper extremities distinguished diabetic patients from LSS patients. The latencies of the tibial F-wave, soleus H-reflex and spinal MEP response reliably distinguished healthy volunteers from diabetic patients and LSS patients, and particularly LSS patients from diabetic patients. The chronodispersion of the tibial F-wave distinguished LSS NC+ patients from the other groups. The results of the study show that electrophysiological examination contributes to the differential diagnostics between mild lumbar spinal stenosis and diabetic polyneuropathy. The contribution of electrophysiological methods in verification of NC in LSS patients is limited (chronodispersion of the tibial F-wave only). The ETT is useful in confirmation of NC and walking capacity verification, but restriction of walking capacity should be carefully analysed.
|
['Diabetic Neuropathies', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Electromyography', 'Electrophysiology', 'Evoked Potentials, Motor', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'H-Reflex', 'Humans', 'Intermittent Claudication', 'Lumbosacral Region', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiography', 'Spinal Stenosis', 'Upper Extremity']
| 12,709,857
|
[['C10.668.829.300', 'C19.246.099.937'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['G07.265.216.500.385', 'G11.561.200.500.385'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['G11.561.731.643.474'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.137.126.669', 'C23.888.531'], ['A01.923.176.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C05.116.900.825'], ['A01.378.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A comparison of preterm and full-term infants on auditory discrimination at four months and on Bayley Scales of Infant Development at eighteen months.
|
A variable-trials auditory discrimination procedure was employed to measure individual differences in stimulus encoding and memory among 4-month-old preterm and full-term infants who were equated on conceptional age. It was assumed that differences among individuals on this task would be predictive of cognitive functioning at 18 months. At 4 months, cardiac response to repetitive and novel auditory stimulation was assessed. At 18 months, infants were tested on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. When equated on level of maturity, preterm infants were indistinguishable from full-term infants in their rates of response decrement to stimulus repetition and in their subsequent response to a novel stimulus. Furthermore, these 2 groups did not differ in mental or motor performance at 18 months. A second finding was that responsiveness to auditory novelty at 4 months was a strong predictor of 18-month mental performance for females but not for males. Alternatively, rate of response decrement measured at 4 months was not predictive of Bayley scores for either sex. Auditory discrimination measures were unrelated to motor performance.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Auditory Perception', 'Child Development', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Male', 'Psychological Tests', 'Psychology, Child']
| 7,363,752
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['F04.711'], ['F04.096.628.193']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The association between maternal-reported responses to infant crying at 4 weeks and 6 months and offspring depression at 18: a longitudinal study.
|
The purpose of the present study is to examine the association between maternal response to infant crying and the psychological health of the child in later life. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort, consisting of 15,247 pregnancies, 10,278 with exposure variables and 3201 complete cases were identified as having exposure, covariate and outcome data. Using a postal questionnaire, mothers were asked regarding their infant at 4 weeks and 6 months, 'If they cry what do you do?': (a) pick them up immediately; (b) if they cry, leave them for a while, and if they do not stop, pick them up; or (c) never pick them up until you are ready. Outcome was an International Statistical Classification-10th revision criteria (ICD-10) diagnosis of depression at 18 years for the infant. Offspring of mothers who at 4 weeks reported that they never picked their infants up until they were ready were more likely to have depression at 18 years (OR = 2.06, CI 0.95-4.47, adjusted for sociodemographic confounding variables). There was no evidence for an association at 6 months. Including adjustment variables reduced the strength of our association; an observed objective measure of maternal response rather than a self-report may have more accurately determined the mother's actual responses. There is some evidence for an association between maternal reporting of responses to infant crying at 4 weeks and risk of developing depression at 18 years. If this association is found to be causal, interventions encouraging mothers to represent and respond to their infants' emotional states may help prevent offspring depression.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Crying', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Maternal Behavior', 'Mental Health', 'Mother-Child Relations', 'Mothers', 'Parents']
| 26,837,614
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.209.530.258', 'F01.525.200.310.300'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F01.829.263.370.215'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['F01.829.263.370.290.170'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Gliocyte and synapse analyses in cerebral ganglia of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis: ultrastructural study.
|
The Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis is an economically important aquatic species in China. Many studies on gene structure, breeding, and diseases of the crab have been reported. However, knowledge about the organization of the nerve system of the crab remains largely unknown. To study the ultrastructure of the cerebral ganglia of E. sinensis and to compare the histological findings regarding the nerve systems of crustaceans, the cerebral ganglia were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that four types of gliocytes, including type I, II, III, and IV gliocytes were located in the cerebral ganglia. In addition, three types of synapses were present in the cerebral ganglia, including unidirectional synapses, bidirectional synapses, and combined type synapses.
|
['Animals', 'Brachyura', 'Ganglia', 'Neuroglia', 'Synapses']
| 27,734,995
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.190.110'], ['A08.340'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
In vitro selection of RNA aptamers that selectively bind danofloxacin.
|
Danofloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone with broad spectrum antibacterial activity that is used for the treatment of respiratory diseases in animal husbandry. However, danofloxacin has many adverse reactions and is toxic to humans. Especially, it detrimentally affects muscle, central nerve system, peripheral nerve system, liver, and skin in those who ingest foods in which danofloxacin has accumulated. Prescreening and determination of the level of danofloxacin in foods or food products is necessary for human health. Aptamers are composing of oligonucleotides that specifically interact with target molecules. They are emerging as detection/diagnostic ligands. Here, we used the SELEX in vitro selection technology to identify specific and high-affinity RNA aptamers with 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyribonucleotide modified pyrimidine nucleotides against danofloxacin. Selected RNA aptamers bound specifically to danofloxacin, but not to tetracycline. Truncation of RNA aptamer up to 36 mer did not comprise specificity and affinity. The truncated RNA aptamer specifically bound to target chemical, allowing the discrimination of danofloxacin from other fluoroquinolones. The isolated specific aptamer could be a potential agent used for the rapid and cost-effective detection and sensing of danofloxacin, replacing instrumental methods including the more expensive and time-consuming methods of high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
|
['Animal Husbandry', 'Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Aptamers, Nucleotide', 'Base Sequence', 'Drug Residues', 'Fluoroquinolones', 'Food Contamination', 'Humans', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'SELEX Aptamer Technique', 'Surface Plasmon Resonance']
| 24,792,181
|
[['J01.040.090'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D13.695.578.424.224'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['N06.850.460.200.250'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['E05.197.312.500', 'J01.897.836.249.249.500'], ['E05.196.890', 'E05.601.043.700']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Diagnostic performance of resting CT myocardial perfusion in patients with possible acute coronary syndrome.
|
OBJECTIVE: Coronary CT angiography has high sensitivity, but modest specificity, to detect acute coronary syndrome. We studied whether adding resting CT myocardial perfusion imaging improved the detection of acute coronary syndrome.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients with low-to-intermediate cardiac risk presenting with possible acute coronary syndrome received both the standard of care evaluation and a research thoracic 64-MDCT examination. Patients with an obstructive (> 50%) stenosis or a nonevaluable coronary segment on CT were diagnosed with possible acute coronary syndrome. CT perfusion was determined by applying gray and color Hounsfield unit maps to resting CT angiography images. Adjudicated patient diagnoses were based on the standard of care and 3-month follow-up. Patient-level diagnostic performance for acute coronary syndrome was calculated for coronary CT, CT perfusion, and combined techniques.RESULTS: A total of 105 patients were enrolled. Of the nine (9%) patients with acute coronary syndrome, all had obstructive CT stenoses but only three had abnormal CT perfusion. CT perfusion was normal in all other patients. To detect acute coronary syndrome, CT angiography had 100% sensitivity, 89% specificity, and a positive predictive value of 45%. For CT perfusion, specificity and positive predictive value were each 100%, and sensitivity was 33%. Combined cardiac CT and CT perfusion had similar specificity but a higher positive predictive value (100%) than did CT angiography.CONCLUSION: Resting CT perfusion using CT angiographic images may have high specificity and may improve CT positive predictive value for acute coronary syndrome without added radiation and contrast. However, normal resting CT perfusion cannot exclude acute coronary syndrome.
|
['Acute Coronary Syndrome', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Perfusion Imaging', 'Prevalence', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Washington']
| 23,617,513
|
[['C14.280.647.124', 'C14.907.585.124'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.130.875', 'E01.370.350.710.600.500', 'E01.370.370.380.500', 'E01.370.384.730.354.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.580.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Removal of epulis fissuratum by Er,Cr:YSGG laser in comparison with the conventional method.
|
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to compare clinical outcomes during the recovery period after soft tissue surgery performed by an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser with those after surgery with the conventional method, in which a scalpel was used.METHODS: A total of 44 epulis fissuratum removal surgeries were performed in 30 healthy volunteers using either an Er,Cr:YSGG laser (laser group) or a scalpel (conventional group), with the same number of lesions in each group. Both groups were controlled postoperatively on days 2, 7, 14, and 30. The visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores of the patients and healing, erythema, and suppuration in the surgical area were recorded with scores between 0 and 3. Total wound surface was measured by a ruler according to the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool.RESULTS: The results of the present study demonstrated that there were no significant differences between the conventional group using analgesic and the laser group in terms of the VAS scores (p = 0.744) and edema (p = 0.206). Evaluation of wound surface revealed healing without any problem as of the 2nd day at a rate of 82% in the laser group and 59% in the conventional group.CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, Er,Cr:YSGG laser was superior to scalpel regarding clinical outcomes, and led to a difference in the use of analgesic and local anesthetic.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Gingival Diseases', 'Humans', 'Lasers, Solid-State', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 26,492,496
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C07.465.714.258'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.632.490.490', 'E07.710.520.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Tranexamic acid derivatives with enhanced absorption.
|
Derivatives of the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid [trans-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid] containing one or two tranexamic acid moieties were synthesized. Most of the derivatives have good stability in acidic and neutral solutions but are easily hydrolyzed in plasma. By measuring the amount of tranexamic acid excreted in the urine after an oral dose, relative absorptions of a number of derivatives in the rat were estimated. Most of the derivatives showed greater absorption than tranexamic acid itself. 1-[(Ethoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl trans-4-(amino-methyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate hydrochloride was chosen for studies in man.
|
['Animals', 'Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Tranexamic Acid']
| 3,959,024
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.241.223.268', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.218'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D02.241.223.268.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activation of Evi1 inhibits cell cycle progression and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells.
|
The transcription factor Evi1 has an outstanding role in the formation and transformation of hematopoietic cells. Its activation by chromosomal rearrangement induces a myelodysplastic syndrome with progression to acute myeloid leukemia of poor prognosis. Similarly, retroviral insertion-mediated upregulation confers a competitive advantage to transplanted hematopoietic cells, triggering clonal dominance or even leukemia. To study the molecular and functional response of primary murine hematopoietic progenitor cells to the activation of Evi1, we established an inducible lentiviral expression system. EVI1 had a biphasic effect with initial growth inhibition and retarded myeloid differentiation linked to enhanced survival of myeloblasts in long-term cultures. Gene expression microarray analysis revealed that within 24 h EVI1 upregulated 'stemness' genes characteristic for long-term hematopoietic stem cells (Aldh1a1, Abca1, Cdkn1b, Cdkn1c, Epcam, among others) but downregulated genes involved in DNA replication (Cyclins and their kinases, among others) and DNA repair (including Brca1, Brca2, Rad51). Cell cycle analysis demonstrated EVI1's anti-proliferative effect to be strictly dose-dependent with accumulation of cells in G0/G1, but preservation of a small fraction of long-term proliferating cells. Although confined to cultured cells, our study contributes to new hypotheses addressing the mechanisms and molecular targets involved in preleukemic clonal dominance or leukemic transformation by Evi1.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Granulocyte Precursor Cells', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Humans', 'MDS1 and EVI1 Complex Locus Protein', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Proto-Oncogenes', 'Transcription Factors']
| 23,212,151
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.346'], ['D12.776.260'], ['A11.148.350.350', 'A11.148.378.590.675.500', 'A11.627.340.360', 'A11.627.635.675.500', 'A11.872.378.590.635.500', 'A15.378.316.340.350', 'A15.378.316.378.590.675.500'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.260.534', 'D12.776.624.664.700.129', 'D12.776.930.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Share of Advertising Voice at the Point-of-Sale and Its Influence on At-Risk Students' Use of Alternative Tobacco Products.
|
INTRODUCTION: As adolescent tobacco use shifts from traditional cigarettes to alternative products, it is important to understand the influence of point-of-sale (POS) advertising on product use. This research investigated whether the percentage of POS advertising for a particular product, known as the share of advertising voice (SAV), moderated the relationship between exposure to POS tobacco advertisements and tobacco use among at-risk youth.METHODS: Longitudinal self-report data from 746 students attending 20 alternative high schools in southern California was merged with observational data cataloging 2101 advertisements for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco from 87 tobacco retail outlets within a half mile of the schools. Four multilevel Poisson regression models examined whether SAV interacted with POS tobacco advertising exposure to influence the use of tobacco products 1 year later.RESULTS: Adolescent exposure to POS tobacco advertisements was significantly associated with increased use of all four tobacco products (p < .02). When SAV was added to the model as a moderator, the results showed a significant interaction, such that increasing the SAV for e-cigarettes was associated with greater use of that product (â = 0.27, SE = 0.07, p < .001). The same moderating effect was found for smokeless tobacco (â = 0.56, SE = 0.19, p = .004) but no moderating effect was observed for cigarettes or cigars.CONCLUSION: POS SAV has the potential to influence at-risk students' use of alternative tobacco products and may be a contributing factor to recent nationwide shifts in youth tobacco use.IMPLICATIONS: Future studies should monitor changes in SAV to gain insight into POS marketing trends that may be impacting youth tobacco use. In addition, state and local governments should consider implementing policies that limit the volume and proportion of POS tobacco advertising for all nicotine and tobacco products available in retail environments near schools. Restrictions placed on a single product may cause unintended shifts in product selection rather than a reduction in youth tobacco use.
|
['Adolescent', 'Advertising', 'California', 'Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Health Risk Behaviors', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Schools', 'Self Report', 'Students', 'Tobacco Products', 'Tobacco Use']
| 30,032,290
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['J01.219.687.274', 'L01.143.050'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['J01.637.767.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['F01.145.488.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['M01.848'], ['J01.637.767.844'], ['F01.145.958']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Monoclonal antibody, KK1, recognizes human retinal astrocytes and distinguishes a subtype of astrocytes in mouse brain.
|
Astrocytes exhibit a diverse morphology and numerous functions in the central nervous system as well as in the retina. In order to obtain markers for the analysis of astrocytes, we prepared monoclonal antibodies that recognized antigens specific to astrocytes. Monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated KK1, reacted with the processes of astrocytes in the nerve fiber layer and the ganglion cell layer in the human retina as detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Normal M?ller cells, whose processes are localized vertically in retina, were not labeled by KK1 mAb. In mouse brain, KK1 mAb reacted specifically with astrocytes in the white matter, but not with those in the gray matter. Studies employing a high-resolution confocal laser scanning microscope and double-labeling with KK1 mAb and commercially available anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mAb (GA5) revealed that KK1 mAb visualized the processes that were not recognized by anti-GFAP mAb (GA5) in both human retina and mouse brain. In cultured mouse astrocytes, KK1 mAb reacted only with anti-GFAP mAb (GA5)-positive cells, but a small percentage of anti-GFAP mAb (GA5)-positive cells were labeled with KK1 mAb. In addition, the subcellular distribution of the KK1 antigen in cultured astrocytes apparently differed from that of GFAP labeled by anti-GFAP mAb (GA5). The antigen that was purified from the normal mouse brain by KK1 mAb-conjugated beads reacted with anti-GFAP mAb(GA5) in immunoblotting. No reactivity of KK1 mAb was observed in immunohistochemical analysis in GFAP -/- mutant mouse brain. These results demonstrate that KK1 mAb specifically recognized an epitope of GFAP that did not react with other anti-GFAP mAb (GA5). Retinal astrocytes and a subtype of astrocytes in the white matter of mouse brain shared the epitope that was recognized by KK1 mAb. KK1 mAb might be a powerful tool to investigate a subtype of astrocytes.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Astrocytes', 'Brain', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Retina']
| 8,973,798
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['A09.371.729']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Drug abuse in Denmark (Jutland and Funen). A forensic study based upon drugs seized in 1982-1987.
|
Two thousand fifty-three samples submitted to forensic chemical analysis during the period 1982-1987 were characterized according to their content of narcotics and the year of seizure. Heroin and cannabis dominated the material, but a significant decrease in the number of heroin samples was observed in 1987. Amphetamine, on the contrary, hardly seen during the period 1982-1984, accounted for half of the narcotics submitted in 1987. The misuse of morphine, especially in the form of poppy capsules, was a problem for some years, whereas cocaine has not yet been a drug of abuse in Denmark. The mean concentrations of the heroin and the amphetamine samples were 30% and 44%, respectively, both for retail drugs and the entire material.
|
['Amphetamine', 'Cocaine', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Denmark', 'Heroin Dependence', 'Humans', 'Illicit Drugs', 'Marijuana Abuse', 'Morphine Dependence', 'Substance-Related Disorders']
| 3,266,402
|
[['D02.092.471.683.152.110'], ['D02.145.074.722.388', 'D03.132.889.354', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388', 'D03.605.869.388'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['C25.775.643.500.400', 'F03.900.647.500.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.878'], ['C25.775.635', 'F03.900.635'], ['C25.775.643.500.600', 'F03.900.647.500.600'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of stabilisation treatment of rice bran on nutritional quality of protein concentrates.
|
Protein concentrates were prepared from unstabilised, acid stabilised, heat stabilised and parboiled rice bran, either freeze dried or roller dried. They were assessed for their nutritional quality by both in vivo and in vitro assays. The essential amino acid profile of protein concentrates was comparable to rice proteins or rice bran proteins as such. Limiting amino acids of concentrates were threonine and isoleucine. Essential amino acid indices for different samples ranged from 72.4 to 77.6. Lysine content was high (4.32-5.55 g/16 g N) of which 52-57% was available. Freeze dried protein concentrate from untreated and acid stabilised rice bran exhibited very high in vitro digestibility (84.1 and 86%, respectively) whereas protein concentrates from heat stabilised and parboiled rice bran had lower digestibility of 57.3 and 61.2%, respectively. Roller dried samples from untreated and acid stabilised rice bran showed high digestibility with pepsin and pancreatin but low value with pepsin, indicating effect of heat on pepsin digestibility. The results of animal assays can be summarised as follows. The PER values of diets based on protein concentrates from untreated and acid stabilised rice bran at 10% protein level were 2.16 and 2.34 and at 15% protein level were 2.20 and 2.11, respectively. Net protein ratio and nitrogen utilisation from both protein concentrates were also high and not significantly different from the standard protein.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Desiccation', 'Dietary Proteins', 'Digestion', 'Drug Stability', 'Hot Temperature', 'Hydrochloric Acid', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Nitrogen', 'Nutritive Value', 'Oryza', 'Plant Proteins']
| 7,621,091
|
[['D12.125'], ['E05.196.335', 'G02.176'], ['D12.776.256', 'G07.203.300.428', 'J02.500.428'], ['G07.203.650.250', 'G10.261.190'], ['E05.916.330'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D01.029.260.326', 'D01.210.450'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.481'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G07.203.650.660', 'J01.576.423.850.730.750', 'N06.850.601.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['D12.776.765']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Removal of amitriptyline from simulated gastric and intestinal fluids using activated carbons.
|
In this work, the adsorption behavior of a tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline hydrochloride, onto several activated carbons (ACs) is reported. The adsorption was done using in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal fluid at 37°C to test the performance of the carbons as treatment in overdose cases. The tested materials were one commercial AC (carbomix) and two ACs produced in our laboratory. The highest adsorption capacity was achieved by carbomix, followed by the laboratory-made carbons that still have a very good performance with adsorption capacity up to 120 and 100 mg/g for the gastric and intestinal fluids, respectively.
|
['Adsorption', 'Amitriptyline', 'Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic', 'Body Fluids', 'Carbon', 'Charcoal', 'Drug Overdose', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Intestinal Mucosa']
| 21,918,986
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.181.384.100', 'D04.615.181.384.100'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122.055'], ['A12.207'], ['D01.268.150'], ['D01.268.150.150'], ['C25.775.383', 'E02.319.306.500.500'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Parahippocampal Cortex Mediates Contextual Associative Memory: Evidence from an fMRI Study.
|
The parahippocampal cortex (PHC) plays a key role in episodic memory, spatial processing, and the encoding of novel stimuli. Recent studies proposed that the PHC is largely involved in contextual associative processing. Consequently, the function of this region has been a hot debate in cognitive neuroscience. To test this assumption, we used two types of experimental materials to form the contextual associative memory: visual objects in reality and meaningless visual shapes. New associations were modeled from either the contextual objects or the contextual shapes. Both contextual objects and shapes activated the bilateral PHC more than the noncontextual ones. The contextual objects with semantics significantly activated the left PHC areas, whereas the meaningless contextual shapes significantly elicited the right PHC. The results clearly demonstrate that the PHC influences the processing of contextual information and provides experimental evidence for an understanding of the different functions of bilateral PHC in contextual associative memory.
|
['Adult', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cognition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Memory, Episodic', 'Parahippocampal Gyrus', 'Photic Stimulation']
| 27,247,946
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['F02.463.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F02.463.425.540.254'], ['A08.186.211.180.590.750', 'A08.186.211.180.710', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.382.750'], ['E05.723.729']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The UNOS Renal Transplant Registry.
|
Based upon data reported to the UNOS Renal Transplant Registry between 1998-2001, the overall one- and projected 10-year graft survival rates for 31,720 cadaveric kidney transplants were 89% and 51%, and for 14,162 living donor transplants they were 95% and 68%, respectively. These results represent improvements of 15% and 13%, respectively, over the 10-year graft survival rates reported for transplants performed during 1987-1989. Repeat kidney transplants accounted for 14% of deceased donor kidney transplants during 1998-2001 and the 3-year graft survival rates were significantly lower for second (77%) and multiply regrafted (73%) than for recipients of a first transplant (79%; p < 0.001). About 1,200 newly defined expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidneys were transplanted each year between 1998-2001. ECD kidneys represented 15% of deceased donor kidneys and yielded a significantly poorer 3-year graft survival rate (68%) and half-life (7.1 years) than kidneys from normal donors over age 5 (81% and 11.9 years; p < 0.001). The graft failure rates (censoring death with a functioning graft) were similar among recipients aged 31-50 and those aged 51-70 comparing both ECD and normal kidneys. The effect of HLA matching on kidney graft survival remains essentially unchanged after 30 years even with remarkable improvements in immunosuppression. Considering transplants performed between 1995-2001, matching for antigens at the HLA-A,-B, and -DR loci resulted in a 16% higher projected 10-year graft survival rate when compared with grafts mismatched for 5-6 HLA antigens (p < 0.001). The 10-year graft survival difference associated with HLA matching in US transplants performed between 1979-1984 and reported to the UCLA Registry before the introduction of cyclosporine was also 16%. The 3-year graft survival rates for zero HLA-DR mismatched normal kidney grafts (excluding ECD kidneys) were 83%, the same as for recipients of 0 HLA-BDR mismatched grafts. Those with one or 2 DR antigens mismatched had significantly poorer outcomes (80% and 77%, p < 0.001). Living donor transplants from offspring to parents and from genetically unrelated donors including spouses increased more than 5-fold since 1994. In 2001 the number of non-spouse unrelated donors surpassed the number of spouses (701 and 616, respectively). Despite the growing number of these HLA-disparate living donor transplants, their 3-year graft survival rates and half-lives remain as high as those for related donors sharing one HLA haplotype with the recipient. Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy now accounts for more than half of living donor surgeries reported to UNOS. There was no difference in graft survival or in early graft function associated with the type of donor surgery for 19,223 living-donor transplants between 1998-2001. Kidney transplants from non-heartbeating donors are beginning to increase and despite a significantly higher incidence of delayed function, 3-year graft survival rate was 79% for transplants between 1998-2001, the same as for conventional brain-dead deceased donor transplants.
|
['Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Registries', 'Reoperation', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors', 'Tissue and Organ Procurement', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,971,433
|
[['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857'], ['N02.421.911'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Analysis of a consecutive series of 421 cases of genital condylomata. Course, management and therapeutic results].
|
The evolution of 421 cases of condylomata that have been followed seems to be less favourable than in other series in the literature. 45% of these cases became worse and 13% regressed, especially in the first year after diagnosis. Sometimes the case progresses in an atypical manner. It can be extremely rapid so that it becomes intra-epithelial carcinoma in less than a year in young patients who have not been pregnant or not had babies and who have cervical and vaginal infections and who use combined oral contraceptive pills. On the other hand it can "seesaw" with periods of worsening alternating with periods of regression. Treatment should be with local destruction using the CO2 laser if the lesion is on the exocervix or laser CO2 conisation if it is an endocervical lesion. It is important to distinguish when treatments have been incomplete. This involves some persistence of the lesion even after treatment, or recurrences which can be less or more serious than the initial lesion. 11% of the cases treated by local destruction showed that some of the lesion persisted after the treatment and that there were 13% of recurrences. After conisation on the other hand 8% of cases were shown to be incompletely treated and 3% showed recurrences.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Condylomata Acuminata', 'Cricetinae', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Genital Neoplasms, Female', 'Humans', 'Laser Therapy', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 3,833,904
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['C01.221.812.640.220', 'C01.778.640.220', 'C01.925.256.650.810.217', 'C01.925.813.220', 'C01.925.825.810.110', 'C01.925.928.914.217', 'C17.800.838.790.810.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C04.588.945.418', 'C13.351.937.418'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C04.850', 'C13.703.720'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Acute subdural haematoma: better results with neurosurgeons than general surgeons.
|
During an eleven year period, 123 patients with acute subdural haematoma were treated in our unit. The first 63 patients were managed by general surgeons with a mortality rate of 80.9 per cent. Good recovery among survivors was 4.7 per cent. The subsequent 60 patients were managed by neurosurgeons. The mortality rate then dropped to 60 per cent and the rate of good recovery rose to 21.6 per cent. This improvement in outcome is statistically significant (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.05 respectively). Early operation plus thorough evacuation of haematoma by craniectomy or craniotomy were the main factors found responsible for the improvement.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'General Surgery', 'Hematoma, Subdural', 'Hong Kong', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurosurgery', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors']
| 6,874,059
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['H02.403.810.300'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.450.400', 'C10.900.300.837.600', 'C14.907.253.573.400.450', 'C23.550.414.838.700', 'C23.550.414.913.700', 'C26.915.300.490.450'], ['Z01.252.474.164.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H02.403.810.425'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Accuracy of psychometric tools in the assessment of personality in adolescents and adults requesting gender-affirming treatments: A systematic review.
|
BACKGROUND: The assessment and screening for personality disorders in individuals requesting gender affirming treatments may be an important aspect of predicting medical and surgical outcomes for this population, but there is no consensus on how best to do so.AIMS: To review the diagnostic accuracy of psychometric tools used for the assessment of personality disorders in those requesting gender affirming treatments.METHOD: A systematic review: Prospero CRD42017078783 [1].RESULTS: Many studies have focussed on the assessment of personality disorders in this population, but since 1979, only two have used an index and reference test.CONCLUSION: There are no agreed reference standards for this population and psychometric tools continue to be scored on reference data from the cisgender (not transgender) population. We need robust evidence on this issue, as individuals may be denied access to gender affirming treatments based on psychometric tools without established reliability in this population.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Personality', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Transgender Persons', 'Transsexualism']
| 31,546,228
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['M01.777.500'], ['F01.145.802.975.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Practitioner-client relationships in integrative medicine clinics in Australia: a contemporary social phenomenon.
|
OBJECTIVES: The increasing use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in developed countries has been attributed more to contemporary cultural trends than to inherent problems in mainstream medicine. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of post-modern values on relationships between practitioners and clients in integrative medicine (IM) clinics in Australia.DESIGN: This research used hermeneutic phenomenology to uncover experiences of practitioner-client relationships in IM and the meanings clients and practitioners attached to these relationships. Data were collected using cumulative case studies, focus groups and key informant interviews. Data analysis consisted of reading and re-reading texts derived from interview transcripts and field notes and constantly comparing texts to identify meanings and patterns. Themes extracted from the data set were continually refined, discarded and elaborated until meta-themes emerged.SETTING: Australian IM clinics where general medical practitioners and CAM practitioners were co-located.RESULTS: Post-modern values were evident in practitioner-client relationships in Australian IM clinics and were manifested in two ways. (1) Clients did not bring an expectation that they would receive prescriptive treatment regimens. They regarded consultations as opportunities for obtaining information or advice, or for monitoring their health. (2) Practitioners valued clients' knowledge and judgments and respected clients' right to choose and direct their health care.CONCLUSIONS: In the IM clinics in this research, the traditional role of the practitioner as sole possessor of expertise had changed. Practitioners had become one among a number of resources that informed clients used when designing personal health care plans or negotiating health care with practitioners.
|
['Australia', 'Complementary Therapies', 'Delivery of Health Care, Integrated', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'New South Wales', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Professional-Patient Relations', 'Social Values']
| 20,178,873
|
[['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['E02.190'], ['N04.590.374.142', 'N05.300.262'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['Z01.639.100.750', 'Z01.678.100.373.750'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['F01.829.401.650', 'N05.300.660'], ['F01.829.873']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Isoniazid- and rifampin-resistant tuberculosis in San Diego County, California, United States, 1993-2002.
|
SETTING: A local tuberculosis (TB) control program.OBJECTIVES: To measure trends in isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RMP) resistance and identify associated factors.DESIGN: Retrospective review.RESULTS: Of 2883 isolates obtained from TB patients reported between 1993 and 2002, 287 (10%) were resistant to INH, 11 (< 1%) were resistant to RMP, and 40 (1%) were resistant to both (multidrug resistance [MDR]). There were no linear trends over time. Eighty-one per cent of patients with INH resistance and 85% with MDR were born outside the United States. Sixty-three per cent of patients with drug resistance and prior TB treatment were treated outside the US. INH resistance was associated with race/ethnicity and prior treatment, RMP resistance with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and MDR with non-US birth and prior treatment. Patients with INH- and RMP-susceptible or INH-resistant TB had higher percentages of treatment completion and sputum culture conversion than patients with RMP-resistant or MDR-TB.CONCLUSIONS: INH and RMP resistance remained stable between 1993 and 2002. Because most patients with drug resistance were infected or initially treated outside the US, future reductions in drug resistance will depend not only on local and national efforts, but also on the success of global interventions.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antibiotics, Antitubercular', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'California', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Isoniazid', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rifampin', 'Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary', 'United States']
| 15,875,920
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255.135'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.442.436', 'D03.066.349.410', 'D03.383.725.394.582'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D03.633.400.811.700', 'D04.345.295.750.700'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.775'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Aplastic anaemia patients with clonal X-chromosome inactivation pattern in haemopoietic cells exhibit polyclonal TCRgamma and IgH gene rearrangements.
|
Previously, we reported that 13/18 (72%) female patients with aplastic anaemia (AA) exhibited a clonal X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) pattern in all haemopoietic lineages. To study the consequences of a clonal haemopoiesis for the randomness of immunoreceptor rearrangements in lymphocytes we determined clonality of T-cell receptor gamma (TCRgamma) and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangements in purified cell fractions. Peripheral blood granulocytes, monocytes, and B and T lymphocytes from 18 female patients in remission from AA were studied by PCR for randomness of XCI and rearrangement at the IgH and TCRgamma locus. 13 patients were informative at the phosphoglycerate kinase-1 (PGK1) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) loci. Five of them displayed an clonal XCI pattern in all lineages studied and one patient had a clonal XCI in all lineages, except the T cells. In three cases skin biopsies were also available, exhibiting a polyclonal pattern in two of them, and a reversed skewed pattern in the third. Analysis of the rearrangement patterns at the immunoreceptor loci revealed a polyclonal ladder of bands, irrespective of XCI status in the lymphocyte populations. These results demonstrated that in AA a clonal XCI pattern of the lymphoid compartment is compatible with a polyclonal immunoreceptor rearrangement pattern.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anemia, Aplastic', 'Base Sequence', 'Dosage Compensation, Genetic', 'Female', 'Gene Rearrangement', 'Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor', 'Genes, Immunoglobulin', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta']
| 8,639,424
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C15.378.071.085', 'C15.378.190.223.250'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.308.203.249'], ['G05.344'], ['G05.344.801.311', 'G12.500.287.311'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.335', 'G12.500.299'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparing four methods to inform parents about child behavior management: how to inform for consent.
|
One hundred twenty parents were shown descriptions of eight traditional behavior management techniques via one of four different presentation methods: one of two types of video presentation, an oral presentation, or a written presentation. They were asked whether they felt well informed about each technique and asked for consent to perform any one of the techniques that might be needed with their child. Fisher's exact test found that a written explanation resulted in parents who felt well informed significantly less often than those in the other conditions, while an oral presentation resulted in parents who felt well informed more often than those in the other groups, although this difference was not statistically significant. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) found no significant differences between the four conditions with respect to parents providing consent, however, exact tests found the oral method produced significantly better consent for some individual procedures. More than 60% of the parents considered information about each technique to be material or consequential to their decision to consent. Acceptability was correlated with consent, however, more than 10% of the respondents reported incongruencies between consent and acceptability (high approval ratings without subsequent consent or low approval ratings followed by consent). Overall, the oral method of delivering information to parents about child behavior management techniques was the best method of ensuring that the average parent felt informed and was likely to consent.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Behavior Control', 'Behavior Therapy', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Child', 'Child Behavior', 'Child, Preschool', 'Consent Forms', 'Dental Care', 'Disclosure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Informed Consent', 'Linear Models', 'Minors', 'Parental Consent', 'Parents', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Videotape Recording', 'Writing']
| 7,617,491
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E02.085', 'F04.047', 'I01.880.630.099'], ['F04.754.137'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.179'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['I01.880.604.583.427.134', 'N03.706.535.489.134', 'N04.452.859.198', 'N05.715.360.300.715.245'], ['E06.170', 'N02.421.240.190'], ['F01.829.401.046', 'I01.880.604.583.080.134', 'L01.143.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.473.650.718', 'I01.880.604.583.427', 'N03.706.437.650.312', 'N03.706.535.489'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['M01.416'], ['I01.880.604.583.427.635.500', 'N03.706.535.489.635.500'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['J01.897.280.500.846.734', 'J01.897.280.500.898.840', 'L01.178.590.875.840', 'L01.178.820.090.846.734', 'L01.178.820.090.898.840', 'L01.280.940.840', 'L01.280.960.880'], ['L01.559.423.906']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Analysis of the steady-state mechanism of the aminoacylation of tRNAPhe by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from yeast.
|
The steady-state mechanism of the aminoacylation of tRNAPhe by the corresponding synthetase from yeast has been investigated in detail by kinetic experiments. It was found that there are two alternative mechanisms: one favoured at low tRNA concentrations and the other at high tRNA concentrations. ATP and Phe are bound randomly to the enzyme. AMP is released immediately after the binding of ATP and Phe. Between the release of AMP and pyrophosphate (PPi) there is at least one additional step. Based on the experimental results a model of the steady-state mechanism is proposed. This model includes the sequence of addition of substrates to the enzyme and the release of products from the enzyme as well as the composition of the intermediate complexes with the enzyme. This model is in accordance with previous results based on different techniques. The results are explained by a "flip-flop" mechanism for all the substrates and products involved in the reaction.
|
['Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases', 'Kinetics', 'Phenylalanine', 'Phenylalanine-tRNA Ligase', 'RNA, Transfer', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']
| 353,737
|
[['D08.811.464.263.200'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666'], ['D08.811.464.263.200.650'], ['D13.444.735.757'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Defective stromal cell function in a mouse model of infusion-induced bone marrow failure.
|
OBJECTIVE: To study bone marrow (BM) stromal damage in a mouse model of infusion-induced BM failure.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sublethally irradiated CByB6F1 mice were infused with 5 x 10(6) C57BL/6 (B6) lymph node (LN) cells. Recipient BM cells were taken at 3, 7, 10, and 14 days following LN infusion and were cultured in vitro in alpha-modified Eagle media for 2-3 weeks. Peripheral blood and was analyzed by complete blood counts while BM lymphocyte infiltration/expansion was analyzed by flow cytometry. Marrow cells from affected and control mice were mixed and cultured in vitro to test nonspecific stromal damage.RESULTS: Donor lymphocytes infiltrated host BM within 3-7 days and expanded significantly between 7 and 10 days, concurrent with the development of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and marrow hypoplasia. BM cells from mice at 7, 10, and 14 days after B6-LN cell infusion were progressively defective in forming stromal feeder layers. A 1:1 mixture of BM cells from affected CByB6F1 mice and normal B6 mice failed to form an effective stromal feeder layer that could support cobblestone colony formation, indicating that lymphocytes in the BM of affected CByB6F1 mice were able to damage stromal cells in the normal B6 BM.CONCLUSION: Activated lymphocytes destroy both hematopoietic and stromal cells as innocent bystanders in the infusion-induced BM failure model.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Bone Marrow Diseases', 'Bystander Effect', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Hematopoiesis', 'Lymphocyte Transfusion', 'Lymphocytes', 'Mice', 'Spleen', 'Stromal Cells', 'Whole-Body Irradiation']
| 16,038,782
|
[['B01.050'], ['A15.382.216'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['C15.378.190'], ['G04.085.155'], ['A11.251'], ['G04.152.825', 'G09.188.343'], ['E02.095.135.140.425.445'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.329.830'], ['E02.815.814', 'E05.980']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stenting and the rate of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of transanastomotic pancreatic duct internal stenting in the reduction of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy.DESIGN: Retrospective study.SETTING: Mayo Clinic.PATIENTS: Between January 1, 1999, and September 30, 2010, 553 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy by a single surgeon.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of POPF, morbidity, and mortality between stent and no-stent groups.RESULTS: The clinically relevant POPF (International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula definition grade B or C) rates in the stent and no-stent groups were similar (9.6% [43 of 449 patients] and 12.5% [13 of 104 patients], respectively; P = .38). Postoperative outcomes and morbidity were also similar between the 2 groups. Mortality was 0.7% (3 of 449 patients) for the stent group and 1.0% (1 of 104 patients) for the no-stent group. Four patients (0.9%) required endoscopic retrieval of the anastomotic stent. In subset analysis, the clinically relevant POPF rates in patients with a small pancreatic duct (?3 mm; n = 167) were similar in the stent and no-stent groups (17.7% [23 of 130 patients] and 24.3% [9 of 37 patients], respectively; P = .38). In patients with a soft pancreatic gland (n = 64), rates of clinically relevant pancreatic fistulae were also similar in the stent and no-stent groups (31.7% [13 of 41 patients] and 17.4% [4 of 23 patients], respectively; P = .20).CONCLUSIONS: Internal transanastomotic pancreatic duct stenting does not decrease the frequency or severity of POPF. The effect of stenting on long-term anastomotic patency warrants further investigation.
|
['Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatic Fistula', 'Pancreaticoduodenectomy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stents']
| 22,250,109
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.267.775', 'C06.689.583', 'C23.300.575.185.775'], ['E04.210.760'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E07.695.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Graves' disease as immune reconstitution disease in HIV-positive patients is associated with naive and primary thymic emigrant CD4(+) T-cell recovery.
|
OBJECTIVE: Immune restoration disease (IRD) can develop in HIV-infected patients following antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation as unmasking or paradoxical worsening of opportunistic infections and, rarely, autoimmune phenomena. Although IRD usually occurs in the first months of ART during memory CD4 T-cell recovery, Graves' disease occurs as a distinctive late-onset IRD and its pathogenesis is unclear.DESIGN: Seven patients who developed Graves' disease following ART initiation from the primary HIV care clinic at the National Institutes of Health were retrospectively identified and each was matched with two HIV-infected controls based on age, sex, and baseline CD4 T-cell count. Laboratory evaluations on stored cryopreserved samples were performed.METHODS: Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) analysis in PBMCs, measurement of serum cytokines, and luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS) analysis for autoimmune antibodies were performed on stored samples for cases and controls at baseline and longitudinally following ART initiation. TSH/thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R) antibody testing was performed on serum from cases. Data were analyzed using nonparametric testing.RESULTS: In comparison with controls, the proportion of naive CD4 T cells increased significantly (P = 0.0027) in the Graves' disease-IRD patients. TREC/10 PBMCs also increased significantly following ART in Graves' disease-IRD patients compared with controls (P = 0.0071). Similarly, LIPS analysis demonstrated increases in nonthyroid-related autoantibody titers over time following ART in cases compared with controls.CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that Graves' disease-IRD, in contrast to early-onset IRD, is associated with naive and primary thymic emigrant CD4 T-cell recovery and inappropriate autoantibody production.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Retroviral Agents', 'Autoantibodies', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cytokines', 'Graves Disease', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 23,939,238
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['C11.675.349.500', 'C19.874.283.605', 'C19.874.397.370', 'C20.111.555'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.608'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Effects of continuous cropping on bacterial community diversity in rhizosphere soil of Rehmannia glutinosa].
|
In this paper, T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique was adopted to study the dynamic changes of bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of continuously cropped Rehmannia glutinosa L. The results showed that the Shannon diversity index, Margalef index, and similarity index of bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil all decreased in the order of control > one-year cropping > two-year continuous cropping. Under continuous cropping, the proportion of dominant bacterial species declined obviously. In one-year cropping soil, the class Bacilli of phylum Firmicute dominated the bacteria community; while in two-year continuous cropping soil, the class Epsilonproteobacteria of phylum Proteobacteria became dominant. Continuous cropping of R. glutinosa decreased the bacteria species, and simplified the bacterial community structure. The changes of bacterial community diversity under continuous cropping of R. glutinosa led to the disorder of the functions of bacterial community, and thereby, the destruction of the ecological balance in rhizosphere soil, which might be one of reasons causing the obstacles of continuous cropping of R. glutinosa.
|
['Agriculture', 'Bacteria', 'Biodiversity', 'Plant Roots', 'Rehmannia', 'Rhizosphere', 'Soil Microbiology']
| 21,361,008
|
[['J01.040'], ['B03'], ['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['A18.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.750'], ['G16.500.275.157.625', 'G16.500.853', 'N06.230.124.437'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Glechoma hederacea inhibits inflammatory mediator release in IFN-gamma and LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages.
|
Glechoma hederacea (GH) is an herb widely used herb medicine for the treatment of a variety of pathologies. In this study, the effect of GH on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-12p70, IL-12p40, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-6 were examined using mouse peritoneal macrophages. GH inhibits IFN-gamma/LPS-induced NO in a dose-dependent manner. The decrease in NO synthesis was reflected as a decreased amount of inducible NO synthase protein. We also found that GH inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-12p70, and TNF-alpha production. However, GH increased IFN-gamma/LPS-induced IL-12p40 production. GH doesn't affect the IL-6 production. These findings mean that GH can be used in controlling macrophages mediated inflammation related disease.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Cell Survival', 'Cytokines', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Lamiaceae', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophages, Peritoneal', 'Mice', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Phytotherapy', 'Plant Extracts']
| 16,530,364
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['G04.346'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A11.329.372.630', 'A11.627.482.630', 'A11.733.397.630', 'A15.382.670.522.630', 'A15.382.680.397.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['E02.190.755'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Third ventricle enlargement among newborn infants with trisomy 21.
|
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine whether the third ventricle is significantly enlarged among neonates with trisomy 21, compared with infants without clinical signs of trisomy 21. This enlargement might be related to hypoplasia of the structures surrounding the third ventricle. These structures participate in cognitive development, and hypoplasia in this area may be responsible for some of the unique cognitive abnormalities observed among children with trisomy 21.METHODS: Measurements of routine head sonographic scans of 57 term infants with trisomy 21 who were born between January 2000 and August 2005 were performed within 7 days after birth and were compared with measurements of head sonographic scans of 21 randomly selected, healthy, term infants without trisomy 21.RESULTS: Although the 2 groups were of similar gestational ages, infants with trisomy 21 were generally smaller, with smaller head circumferences. Despite the smaller overall head circumference, both the width and length of the third ventricle were enlarged among the infants with trisomy 21. Vertical measurements of the lateral ventricles were similar for the 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS: The third ventricle is an important diencephalic space. In our neonatal population, we did show significant enlargement of both the length and width of the third ventricle among the infants with trisomy 21, compared with the control group of unaffected newborns. We suspect that the unique neuropsychological development and cognitive dysfunction associated with trisomy 21 and the enlargement of the third ventricle in the neonatal period might be related.
|
['Cephalometry', 'Down Syndrome', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Third Ventricle', 'Ultrasonography']
| 16,651,295
|
[['E01.370.600.024.250', 'E05.041.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.300'], ['C10.597.606.360.220', 'C16.131.077.327', 'C16.131.260.260', 'C16.320.180.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A08.186.211.140.840'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Studies of endogenous polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis in human platelet membranes. Evidence that polyphosphoinositides remain inaccessible to phosphodiesterase in the native membrane.
|
Human platelet plasma membranes incubated in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP and 15 mM MgCl2 incorporated radioactivity mostly into phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), which represented together over 90% of the total lipid radioactivity. After washing, reincubation of prelabelled membranes revealed some hydrolysis of the two compounds by phosphomonoesterase(s), as detected by the release of radioactive inorganic phosphate (Pi) from the two phospholipids. This degradation attained 40%/30 min for PIP in the presence of 2 mM calcium and cytosol. The effect of calcium was observed at concentrations equal to or greater than 10(-4) M. In no case did calcium alone facilitate the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (IP2). In contrast, simultaneous addition of 2 mM calcium and 2 mg/ml sodium deoxycholate promoted the formation of IP3 and IP2, indicating phosphodiesteratic cleavage of PIP2 and PIP. Phospholipase C activity was detected at calcium concentrations as low as 10(-7) M, in which case PIP2 hydrolysis was slightly more pronounced compared to PIP. Addition of cytosol increased to some extent the phospholipase C activity, suggesting that the low amount of enzyme remaining in the membrane is sufficient to promote submaximal degradation of PIP2 and PIP. We conclude that platelet polyphosphoinositides are present in the plasma membrane in a state where they remain inaccessible to phospholipase C, which is still fully active even at basal calcium concentrations, i.e., 10(-7) M. These results support the view that phosphodiesteratic cleavage of PIP2 promotes and thus precedes calcium mobilization brought about by IP3. The in vitro model presented here may prove very useful in future studies dealing with the mechanism rendering polyphosphoinositides accessible to phospholipase C attack upon agonist-receptor binding.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Blood Platelets', 'Calcium', 'Cell Membrane', 'Deoxycholic Acid', 'Egtazic Acid', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Magnesium', 'Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate', 'Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates', 'Phosphatidylinositols', 'Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases', 'Time Factors', 'Type C Phospholipases']
| 3,002,480
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D04.210.500.105.225.272', 'D04.210.500.221.430.342'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.257', 'D02.241.081.018.269'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942.625.900'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942.625'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942'], ['D08.811.277.352.640'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis and biological properties of novel sphingosine derivatives.
|
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1P) derivatives such as threo-(2S,3S)-analogues, which are C-3 stereoisomers of natural erythro-(2S,3R)-S-1P, have been synthesized starting from l-serine or (1S,2S)-2-amino-1-aryl-1,3-propanediols (6). threo-(1S,2R)-2-Amino-1-aryl-3-bromopropanols (HBr salt) have also been prepared from 6. The threo-S-1Ps and the threo-amino-bromide derivatives have shown potent inhibitory activity against Ca(2+) ion mobilization in HL60 cells induced by erythro-S-1P, suggesting that these compounds would compete with cell surface EDG/S1P receptors.
|
['Calcium Signaling', 'HL-60 Cells', 'Humans', 'Lysophospholipids', 'Receptors, Lysosphingolipid', 'Sphingosine', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 15,686,924
|
[['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['A11.251.210.190.465', 'A11.251.860.180.465', 'A11.627.340.360.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.550'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.420.500'], ['D02.033.100.700', 'D02.033.455.843', 'D02.092.063.700'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The biphasic contrast method in the stomach examination. A comparative study with standard method and correlations with endoscopy (author's transl)].
|
A two years-experience, using the biphasic contrast method in the evaluation of the stomach, is reported. Endoscopic and radiological results are compared. Our previous reports with standard contrast method are also reviewed. Ulcerative and neoplastic pathologies were studied and classified as proposed in the "trial policentrico multidisciplinare paritetico". The double contrast method has greatly increased the accuracy of X-ray diagnosis, considerably reducing the difference with endoscopy.
|
['Contrast Media', 'False Negative Reactions', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Gastrectomy', 'Gastroscopy', 'Humans', 'Radiography', 'Stomach', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Stomach Ulcer']
| 7,232,780
|
[['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E01.354.340'], ['E01.354.506'], ['E04.210.419'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.325', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.320', 'E04.210.240.250.320', 'E04.502.250.250.250.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.849', 'C06.405.748.586.849']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differences in urinary prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 levels after total hip replacement in relation to venous thromboembolism and bleeding events.
|
BACKGROUND: Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 is excreted in urine (uF1 + 2) as a result of thrombin generation and, therefore, may be a useful marker of coagulation status.OBJECTIVES: To assess uF1 + 2 levels after total hip replacement (THR) in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding events.PATIENTS/METHODS: This study was conducted in parallel with a prospective, dose-finding study evaluating the efficacy and safety of different doses of rivaroxaban (Xarelto, Bayer HealthCare AG, Wuppertal, Germany) for thromboprophylaxis, relative to enoxaparin. Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed by mandatory venography performed 5-9 days after THR, or earlier if symptomatic. Symptomatic pulmonary embolism was diagnosed by objective testing. Bleeding complications were registered and stratified into major bleeding, clinically relevant, non-major bleeding, and minor bleeding, using predefined criteria.RESULTS: Eighty-four patients had a VTE and 57 patients had a bleeding event (n = 722). Significantly higher median uF1 + 2 levels were observed in the VTE group on day 3 after THR (P = 0.03), compared with control. Median uF1 + 2 levels were lower in the bleeding group on day 3 after THR (P = 0.005) and on the day of venography (P = 0.36), compared with control. Comparisons between the VTE and bleeding groups showed significantly lower median uF1 + 2 levels in the bleeding group on day 3 after THR and on the day of venography (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.006, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of uF1 + 2 could provide a simple clinical test to evaluate non-invasively the intensity of coagulation activation after THR. However, further studies are required to confirm these encouraging preliminary results.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Female', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prothrombin', 'Venous Thromboembolism']
| 18,680,542
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.110.110.110', 'E04.650.110.110', 'E04.680.101.110.110'], ['D23.101'], ['G09.188.390.150'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.644.541'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['D08.622.709', 'D12.776.124.125.800', 'D12.776.811.243.709', 'D23.119.945'], ['C14.907.355.590.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
p65 Homodimer activity in distal airway cells determines lung dysfunction in equine heaves.
|
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity, which is a key regulator of inflammatory gene expression, is increased in bronchial epithelial cells from horses suffering from heaves (a hypersensitivity-associated inflammatory condition of the lung). To determine whether this increased activity extends to distal airways and to other pulmonary cells, cells recovered by broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) in healthy and heaves-affected horses were assessed for NF-kappaB activity. NF-kappaB activity was much higher in BAL cells from heaves-affected horses, especially during crisis (disease exacerbation), than in cells from healthy horses. Moreover, the level of NF-kappaB activity found in BAL cells was positively correlated to total lung resistance and to the proportion of neutrophils present in BAL fluid. Finally, prototypical p65-p50 NF-kappaB heterodimers were absent from BAL cells, which mostly contained p65 homodimers. These results (1) show that increased NF-kappaB activity is a general feature of heaves lung; (2) demonstrate the importance of p65 homodimers in neutrophilic inflammation; and (3) suggest that the use of specific NF-kappaB inhibitors could improve lung function in heaves-affected horses.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'DNA Probes', 'Dimerization', 'Horse Diseases', 'Horses', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Inflammation', 'NF-kappa B', 'Neutrophils', 'Respiratory Tract Diseases', 'Transcription Factor RelA']
| 11,457,483
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['C22.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['C20.543'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['C08'], ['D12.776.260.600.249', 'D12.776.660.600.249', 'D12.776.930.600.249']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibition of bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons and epithelial cells by emulsan.
|
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1 and BD413, as well as Streptococcus pyogenes M-5, adhered to octane. Adherence was inhibited by emulsan (100 micrograms/ml), the polymeric emulsifying agent produced by A. calcoaceticus RAG-1. Emulsan also inhibited adherence of S. pyogenes and RAG-1 to buccal epithelial cells. The mean values of bound S. pyogenes per epithelial cell were 57.2 and 20.7 for the control and emulsan-containing suspensions, respectively; mean values of bound RAG-1 per epithelial cell were 221 for the control and 40 for the suspension containing 100 micrograms of emulsan per ml. Desorption of previously bound RAG-1 from epithelial cells by emulsan was concentration dependent: a maximum of 80% desorption was obtained with 200 micrograms of emulsan per ml. The data showing that emulsan desorbed 70% of the indigenous bacterial flora from buccal epithelial cells suggest that hydrophobic interactions mediate not only the in vitro adherence of laboratory strains to epithelial cells, but actually govern the adherence of the majority of the bacteria that colonize this surface. The advantages of using emulsan as an antiadherence agent include its chemical purity, stability, and polymeric nature.
|
['Acinetobacter', 'Cheek', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Epithelium', 'Humans', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Octanes', 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial', 'Streptococcus pyogenes']
| 6,341,225
|
[['B03.440.400.425.537.050', 'B03.660.250.530.050'], ['A01.456.505.173', 'A14.194'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A10.272'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.615.550.599', 'A14.549.512'], ['D02.455.326.146.720'], ['D09.698.718', 'D23.050.161.616'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.575', 'B03.510.400.800.872.575', 'B03.510.550.737.872.575']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of the RNA-binding protein HuR in pVHL-regulated p53 expression in renal carcinoma cells.
|
A recent analysis of gene expression in renal cell carcinoma cells led to the identification of mRNAs whose translation was dependent on the presence of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene product, pVHL. Here, we investigate the finding that pVHL-expressing RCC cells (VHL(+)) exhibited elevated levels of polysome-associated p53 mRNA and increased p53 protein levels compared with VHL-defective (VHL(-)) cells. Our findings indicate that p53 translation is specifically heightened in VHL(+) cells, given that (i) p53 mRNA abundance in VHL(+) and VHL(-) cells was comparable, (ii) p53 degradation did not significantly influence p53 expression, and (iii) p53 synthesis was markedly induced in VHL(+) cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift and immunoprecipitation assays to detect endogenous and radiolabeled p53 transcripts revealed that the RNA-binding protein HuR, previously shown to regulate mRNA turnover and translation, was capable of binding to the 3' untranslated region of the p53 mRNA in a VHL-dependent fashion. Interestingly, while whole-cell levels of HuR in VHL(+) and VHL(-) cells were comparable, HuR was markedly more abundant in the cytoplasmic and polysome-associated fractions of VHL(+) cells. In keeping with earlier reports, the elevated cytoplasmic HuR in VHL(+) cells was likely due to the reduced AMP-activated kinase activity in these cells. Demonstration that HuR indeed contributed to the increased expression of p53 in VHL(+) cells was obtained through use of RNA interference, which effectively reduced HuR expression and in turn caused marked decreases in p53 translation and p53 abundance. Taken together, our findings support a role for pVHL in elevating p53 expression, implicate HuR in enhancing VHL-mediated p53 translation, and suggest that VHL-mediated p53 upregulation may contribute to pVHL's tumor suppressive functions in renal cell carcinoma.
|
["3' Untranslated Regions", 'Actins', 'Adenylate Kinase', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Western', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cytoplasm', 'DNA, Complementary', 'ELAV Proteins', 'ELAV-Like Protein 1', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Plasmids', 'Polyribosomes', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Time Factors', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Tumor Suppressor Proteins', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases', 'Up-Regulation', 'Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein']
| 14,517,280
|
[['D13.444.735.544.875.880', 'D13.444.735.790.878.880', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.880', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.880'], ['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['D08.811.913.696.650.025'], ['D23.050.301'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D12.776.157.725.813.500', 'D12.776.631.520', 'D12.776.664.962.813.500'], ['D12.776.157.725.813.500.250', 'D12.776.664.962.813.500.250'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['G05.360.600'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811.740'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D13.444.735'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['D12.776.624.776'], ['D08.811.464.938.750'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.875', 'D12.776.624.776.865']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of various etching protocols on the flexural properties and surface topography of fiber-reinforced composite dental posts.
|
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the flexural properties and surface topography of fiber posts surface-treated with various etching protocols. Seventy each of three types of fiber posts: RelyX Fiber Post, Tenax Fiber Trans, and D.T. Light-Post Illusion X-Ro, were randomly divided into 7 groups: no surface treatment, surface treated with hydrofluoric acid (HF) 4.5% for 60 s, HF 4.5% for 120 s, HF 9.6% for 15 s, HF 9.6% for 60 s, HF 9.6% for 120 s, and treated with H2O2 24% for 10 min. The specimens were then subjected to a three-point bending test. Surface topographies of the posts were observed using a SEM. The results indicate that fiber post surface pretreatments had no adverse effects on the flexural properties. However, the fiber posts treated with high HF concentrations or long etching times seemed to have more surface irregularities.
|
['Composite Resins', 'Dental Etching', 'Dental Stress Analysis', 'Glass', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Materials Testing', 'Post and Core Technique', 'Surface Properties']
| 28,566,672
|
[['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.931.475'], ['E06.308'], ['J01.637.437'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['E05.570'], ['E06.780.346.250.500', 'E07.695.190.088.500'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Sinusitis, current diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities].
|
Important progress in the management of sinusitis has been made during the past decade. Diagnosis has been refined by the general use of endoscopic examinations of the nose and the CT scan. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of sinusitis has been improved by the systematic use of the examinations. As a consequence, the treatment of sinusitis, particularly of chronic sinusitis, has been revolutionized by the introduction of functional, endoscopically controlled surgery of the paranasal sinus. This form of endonasal microsurgery permits the treatment of chronic sinusitis without the need of radical surgery or external skin incisions.
|
['Endoscopy', 'Humans', 'Microsurgery', 'Nasal Cavity', 'Postoperative Care', 'Sinusitis', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 7,502,250
|
[['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.494', 'E05.591.580'], ['A04.531.449'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Annexin A1 modulates natural and glucocorticoid-induced resolution of inflammation by enhancing neutrophil apoptosis.
|
This study aimed at assessing whether AnxA1, a downstream mediator for the anti-inflammatory effects of GCs, could affect the fate of immune cells in tissue exudates, using LPS-induced pleurisy in BALB/c mice. AnxA1 protein expression in exudates was increased during natural resolution, as seen at 48-72 h post-LPS, an effect augmented by treatment with GC and associated with marked presence of apoptotic neutrophils in the pleural exudates. The functional relevance of AnxA1 was determined using a neutralizing antibody or a nonspecific antagonist at FPR/ALXRs: either treatment inhibited both spontaneous and GC-induced resolution of inflammation. Injection of Ac2-26 (100 ìg, given 4 h into the LPS response), an AnxA1-active N-terminal peptide, promoted active resolution and augmented the extent of neutrophil apoptosis. Such an effect was prevented by the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk. Mechanistically, resolution of neutrophilic inflammation was linked to cell apoptosis with activation of Bax and caspase-3 and inhibition of survival pathways Mcl-1, ERK1/2, and NF-êB. These novel in vivo data, using a dynamic model of acute inflammation, provide evidence that AnxA1 is a mediator of natural and GC-induced resolution of inflammation with profound effects on neutrophil apoptosis.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Animals', 'Annexin A1', 'Apoptosis', 'Dexamethasone', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Inflammation', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Neutrophils', 'Up-Regulation']
| 22,493,082
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.125.050.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D23.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Levetiracetam inhibits neurotransmitter release associated with CICR.
|
To define the antiepileptic mechanisms of levetiracetam (LEV), the present study determined the concentration-dependent effects of locally perfused LEV on the releases of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, l-glutamate and GABA induced by 50 mMK(+)-evoked stimulation and agonists of ryanodine receptor (RyR) and inositol-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) in the median prefrontal cortex (mPFC) using in vivo microdialysis. Local perfusion with LEV (10, 30 and 100 ìM) alone did not affect the extracellular levels of all neurotransmitters in the mPFC. The release of neurotransmitters induced by K(+)-evoked stimulation was inhibited by perfusion with LEV in a concentration-dependent manner, and those induced by agonists of RyR and IP3R were also inhibited by LEV. Specifically, the RyR-induced release was inhibited by 10 ìM LEV, whereas the IP3R-induced release was inhibited by 100 ìM LEV, but not by 10 or 30 ìM LEV. The above results suggest that LEV has little effect on the components of normal synaptic transmission but selectively inhibits transmission induced by neuronal hyperactivation. Thus, the mechanisms of the antiepileptic and neuroprotective actions of LEV seem to be mediated, at least in part, through the combination of these two inhibitory effects on depolarization-induced and CICR-associated neurotransmitter releases.
|
['Animals', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors', 'Levetiracetam', 'Male', 'Microdialysis', 'Neurotransmitter Agents', 'Piracetam', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 22,484,014
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.760', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.760', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.760', 'D12.776.826.179'], ['D02.065.064.432', 'D02.241.081.018.110.463', 'D03.383.773.812.362'], ['E05.196.353.500'], ['D27.505.519.625', 'D27.505.696.577'], ['D02.065.064.650', 'D02.241.081.018.110.650', 'D03.383.773.812.555'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.800', 'D12.776.210.500.800', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.800', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.800'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Life-saving percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty on a pregnant woman with refractory cardiogenic shock.
|
Pregnancy increases body blood volume and cardiac output. These changes can exacerbate mitral stenosis symptoms. Symptomatic mitral stenosis during pregnancy has been successfully treated with percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV). We present the case of a 35-year-old white female who developed cardiogenic shock due to severe mitral stenosis at the 22nd week of gestation and it was successfully treated with emergent PMV. This case illustrates the ability of PMV to be life-saving in such extreme conditions.
|
['Adult', 'Catheterization', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mitral Valve Stenosis', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular', 'Shock, Cardiogenic']
| 18,514,026
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.484.517'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.634', 'C14.583'], ['C14.280.647.500.750', 'C14.907.585.500.750', 'C23.550.513.355.750.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750.750', 'C23.550.835.550']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Adhesion of memory lymphocytes to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1-transduced human vascular endothelial cells under simulated physiological flow conditions in vitro.
|
The accumulation of mononuclear leukocytes is an early and persistent finding in atherosclerotic plaques. These mononuclear leukocytes are mostly monocyte-derived, but up to 20% are lymphocytes, predominantly CD4+ CD45RO+ (memory) T cells. To evaluate the potential of adenovirus vectors for studies of mononuclear leukocyte recruitment in vitro, we studied the effects of adenovirus vectors per se on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), a well-characterized in vitro model of vascular endothelium. A recombinant adenovirus containing the seven-domain isoform of rabbit vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (rVCAM-1) was constructed and used to study lymphocyte adhesion under defined laminar flow conditions in transduced HUVEC monolayers. No increase in basal HUVEC surface expression of the inducible endothelial adhesion molecules and markers of activation, E-selectin and VCAM-1, was noted across a broad range of multiplicity of infection. A modest dose-dependent increase in surface intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression was detectable by flow cytometry at an MOI of > 30 plaque-forming units per cell. Under defined laminar flow from 1.5 to 0.5 dyne/cm2, the adenovirus vector carrying rVCAM-1 mediated stable adhesion of both a Jurkat T-cell line and primary human CD4+ CD45RO+ (memory) T cells. Monoclonal antibodies to alpha 4-integrin or rVCAM-1 abolished adhesion, whereas monoclonal antibodies to CD18 or P-selectin had no effect. We conclude that adenoviral gene transfer in useful for studies of VCAM-1-dependent leukocyte adhesion in vitro and that endothelial expression of VCAM-1 alone, in the absence of over endothelial cell activation, is sufficient under simulated physiological flow conditions to support adhesion of memory T cells, the predominant lymphocyte subset in atherosclerotic plaque.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cells, Cultured', 'E-Selectin', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Rabbits', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1']
| 8,943,959
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.022'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.700.300', 'D12.776.503.843.300', 'D12.776.543.550.200.700.300', 'D23.050.301.350.700.300'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['E05.393.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.450', 'D12.776.543.550.200.450', 'D23.050.301.350.450'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.920', 'D12.776.543.550.200.920', 'D23.050.301.350.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Enhancement of BALB/c 3T3 cells transformation by 1,2-dibromoethane promoting effect.
|
Two of the most representative halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, were tested in the two-stage cell transformation model for analysing the promoting ability. Both of these compounds had previously been found to exert genotoxic effects, probably acting as moderate initiators. BALB/c 3T3 cells were initiated with subtransforming doses of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or 3-methylcholanthrene and then exposed to a chronic treatment with different non-transforming dosages of the two haloalkanes. 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane did not exert any promoting activity in that system. By contrast, significant promoting effects by 1,2-dibromoethane were observed both in cells treated with N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and in cells treated with 3-methylcholanthrene. Promotion of the transformation process initiated with 3-methylcholanthrene was detectable when confluent cells in the chemical-treated plates were replated in the level-II amplification test. This experimental procedure allowed cells to perform further rounds of replications and transformed foci to became detectable. Results gave evidence for a promoting role of 1,2-dibromoethane in multistep carcinogenesis, probably responsible for the higher oncogenic ability of this compound with respect to 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Animals', 'Carcinogens', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Ethane', 'Ethylene Dibromide', 'Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated', 'Methylnitronitrosoguanidine', 'Mice', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']
| 8,625,443
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.455.326.146.379'], ['D02.455.526.368.225'], ['D02.455.526.439'], ['D02.078.370.649.400', 'D02.654.567.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessing binocular interaction in amblyopia and its clinical feasibility.
|
PURPOSE: To measure binocular interaction in amblyopes using a rapid and patient-friendly computer-based method, and to test the feasibility of the assessment in the clinic.METHODS: Binocular interaction was assessed in subjects with strabismic amblyopia (n = 7), anisometropic amblyopia (n = 6), strabismus without amblyopia (n = 15) and normal vision (n = 40). Binocular interaction was measured with a dichoptic phase matching task in which subjects matched the position of a binocular probe to the cyclopean perceived phase of a dichoptic pair of gratings whose contrast ratios were systematically varied. The resulting effective contrast ratio of the weak eye was taken as an indicator of interocular imbalance. Testing was performed in an ophthalmology clinic under 8 mins. We examined the relationships between our binocular interaction measure and standard clinical measures indicating abnormal binocularity such as interocular acuity difference and stereoacuity. The test-retest reliability of the testing method was also evaluated.RESULTS: Compared to normally-sighted controls, amblyopes exhibited significantly reduced effective contrast (?20%) of the weak eye, suggesting a higher contrast requirement for the amblyopic eye compared to the fellow eye. We found that the effective contrast ratio of the weak eye covaried with standard clincal measures of binocular vision. Our results showed that there was a high correlation between the 1st and 2nd measurements (r = 0.94, p<0.001) but without any significant bias between the two.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that abnormal binocular interaction can be reliably captured by measuring the effective contrast ratio of the weak eye and quantitative assessment of binocular interaction is a quick and simple test that can be performed in the clinic. We believe that reliable and timely assessment of deficits in a binocular interaction may improve detection and treatment of amblyopia.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amblyopia', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Vision Tests', 'Vision, Binocular', 'Visual Acuity', 'Young Adult']
| 24,959,842
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.140.055', 'C10.597.751.941.073', 'C11.966.073', 'C23.888.592.763.941.073'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E01.370.380.850'], ['F02.463.593.932.885'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Early versus delayed rebonding of orthodontic brackets.
|
OBJECTIVES: There are controversial reports regarding the effect of repeated bonding on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic attachments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the SBS of brackets following early and delayed rebonding, and after employing different methods of composite removal.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty eight premolars were randomly assigned into 4 groups. After initial debonding and recording the SBS, the adhesive remnants in the first group were removed by a round bur, in the second group by a green rubber wheel, and in the third and fourth groups by 12-fluted tungsten carbide burs, all of them connecting to a low speed handpiece. In the fourth group following adhesive removal, the teeth were kept in a simulated oral environment for one month. Then, rebonding was performed and the second SBS was measured. Two representative samples from each group were examined under a scanning electron microscope following adhesive removal. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Paired sample t-test and Chi-Square test.RESULTS: In the first group, the rebonding strength was decreased significantly (p<0.05), while composite removal with a tungsten carbide bur or a green rubber wheel did not affect SBS significantly (p>0.05). Late rebonding of brackets had no effect on the SBS (p>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Postponing rebonding to the next visit does not improve the SBS significantly. It is recommended to use a tungsten carbide bur or a green rubber wheel, and not a round bur for removing adhesive remnants following debonding of orthodontic brackets.
|
['Acid Etching, Dental', 'Adhesiveness', 'Bicuspid', 'Dental Bonding', 'Dental Debonding', 'Dental Enamel', 'Dental Prophylaxis', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Orthodontic Brackets', 'Phosphoric Acids', 'Resin Cements', 'Rubber', 'Saliva, Artificial', 'Shear Strength', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Surface Properties', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Toothbrushing', 'Tungsten Compounds', 'Water']
| 22,583,583
|
[['E06.931.475.111'], ['G02.860.139'], ['A14.549.167.860.150'], ['E06.095'], ['E06.178'], ['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['E06.721.189', 'E06.761.227'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['E06.658.453.255.500'], ['D01.029.260.700.675', 'D01.695.625.675'], ['D05.750.716.822.730', 'D25.339.291.750', 'D25.720.716.822.730', 'J01.637.051.339.291.750', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.730'], ['D25.720.099.750', 'D25.720.327.840', 'J01.637.051.720.099.750', 'J01.637.051.720.327.840', 'J01.637.412.767'], ['D25.583.820', 'J01.637.051.583.820'], ['G01.374.820'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E06.761.726.794'], ['D01.940'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Gene therapy for meningioma: improved gene delivery with targeted adenoviruses.
|
OBJECT: Due to their surgical inaccessibility or aggressive behavior, some meningiomas cannot be cured with current treatment strategies. Gene therapy is an emerging strategy for the treatment of brain tumors, which the authors investigated to determine whether adenoviruses could be used for gene transfer in meningioma cells.METHODS: The presence of the high-affinity Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) for adenovirus type 5, as well as endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and alpha, integrins (ITGAVs), were analyzed in primary tumors by using immunohistochemical studies and in primary meningioma cell cultures by using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Targeting of adenoviruses to EGFR was achieved using bispecific antibodies, whereas targeting of adenoviruses to the ITGAVs was accomplished by insertion of an RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) motif in the adenovirus fiber H1 loop. Gene transfer efficiency of untargeted and targeted vectors was compared in primary cell cultures and in spheroids derived from patients' resected tumor material. The presence of CARs was observed in all tumors and in all but one of the derived primary meningioma cells. The higher expression of EGFRs and ITGAVs indicated that these receptors could be used as alternative targets to redirect the adenoviruses. Redirection of adenoviruses to the EGFRs or integrins enhanced gene transfer threefold (range two-sevenfold) for EGFRs in primary meningioma cells and ninefold (range three-23-fold) for integrins (p = 0.002, analysis of variance). The effect of adenovirus targeting was confirmed in spheroids composed of primary meningioma cells.CONCLUSIONS: Gene transfer with adenoviruses targeted to tumor-specific receptors is very effective in primary meningioma cells and spheroids. These vectors are promising agents for gene therapy of meningiomas.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Gene Targeting', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Meningeal Neoplasms', 'Meningioma', 'Middle Aged', 'Spheroids, Cellular', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 12,186,474
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.393.335'], ['E05.393.350'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['C04.588.614.250.580', 'C10.551.240.500'], ['C04.557.580.520', 'C04.557.645.520', 'C04.588.614.250.580.500', 'C10.551.240.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.251.800'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Renal denervation by CT-guided periarterial injection of hyperosmolar saline, vincristine, paclitaxel and guanethidine in a pig model.
|
AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of renal sympathetic denervation with CT-guided periarterial injection of potentially neurolytic agents in pigs.METHODS AND RESULTS: Unilateral injection of formulations containing either 5M hyperosmolar saline, vincristine, paclitaxel or guanethidine around the renal artery was performed in 24 normotensive pigs with six animals per group. Needle placement and injections were performed under CT fluoroscopy guidance. Blood pressure measurements and CT scans were performed immediately before and after the intervention and four weeks after treatment. After euthanasia, norepinephrine (NE) concentrations of both kidneys were determined. The renal arteries and surrounding tissue were examined histologically to evaluate nerve fibre degeneration. Procedures were technically successful with good periarterial distribution of the injectant in all but one pig in the guanethidine group. No major adverse events or post-interventional complications occurred. In the vincristine group, NE concentrations of the renal parenchyma were lower on the treated side in all pigs with a mean decrease of 53% (38%-62%, p<0.01) compared to the contralateral control. Correspondingly, histological examination revealed neural degeneration in all animals treated with vincristine. In the other groups, no significant drop of NE values, or histological signs of nerve fibre degeneration were found.CONCLUSIONS: CT-guided periarterial injection of the different substances was feasible and safe. Renal sympathetic denervation was achieved with vincristine. In contrast, hyperosmolar saline, paclitaxel and guanethidine do not seem to be appropriate for renal denervation in a pig model at the dosage used.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Guanethidine', 'Kidney', 'Norepinephrine', 'Paclitaxel', 'Swine', 'Sympathectomy', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Vincristine']
| 27,890,860
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D02.078.370.460'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E04.525.210.105.800'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chemical genetic identification of CDKL5 substrates reveals its role in neuronal microtubule dynamics.
|
Loss-of-function mutations in CDKL5 kinase cause severe neurodevelopmental delay and early-onset seizures. Identification of CDKL5 substrates is key to understanding its function. Using chemical genetics, we found that CDKL5 phosphorylates three microtubule-associated proteins: MAP1S, EB2 and ARHGEF2, and determined the phosphorylation sites. Substrate phosphorylations are greatly reduced in CDKL5 knockout mice, verifying these as physiological substrates. In CDKL5 knockout mouse neurons, dendritic microtubules have longer EB3-labelled plus-end growth duration and these altered dynamics are rescued by reduction of MAP1S levels through shRNA expression, indicating that CDKL5 regulates microtubule dynamics via phosphorylation of MAP1S. We show that phosphorylation by CDKL5 is required for MAP1S dissociation from microtubules. Additionally, anterograde cargo trafficking is compromised in CDKL5 knockout mouse dendrites. Finally, EB2 phosphorylation is reduced in patient-derived human neurons. Our results reveal a novel activity-dependent molecular pathway in dendritic microtubule regulation and suggest a pathological mechanism which may contribute to CDKL5 deficiency disorder.
|
['Animals', 'Dendrites', 'Epileptic Syndromes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Microtubules', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors', 'Spasms, Infantile']
| 30,266,824
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['C10.228.140.490.493'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.644.360.325.300.099', 'D12.776.476.325.300.099'], ['C10.228.140.490.375.760', 'C10.228.140.490.493.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of a rapid and sensitive LC-ESI/MS/MS assay for the quantification of propofol using a simple off-line dansyl chloride derivatization reaction to enhance signal intensity.
|
A rapid, selective and sensitive method was developed for the determination of propofol concentration using an off-line dansyl chloride derivatization step to enhance signal intensity. The method consisted of a protein precipitation extraction followed by derivatization with dansyl chloride and analysis by liquid chromatography ionspray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS). The separation was achieved using a 100 mm x 2 mm C8 analytical column combined with an isocratic mobile phase composed of 80:20 acetonitrile: 0.5% formic acid in water. Signal intensity of the propofol-dansyl chloride derivative was increased up to 200-fold as compared to the underivatized propofol in positive electrospray mode. An analytical range of 20-20,000 ng/mL was used in the calibration curve of plasma and blood samples. The novel method met all requirements of specificity, sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and stability. A pharmacokinetic study was performed in rats and the novel analytical method was used as a routine analysis to provide enhanced measurements of plasma and blood concentrations of propofol. Blood and plasma pharmacokinetic results show that a very important fraction of propofol distributes into red blood cells. In conclusion, a rapid and sensitive LC-ESI/MS/MS method using a derivatization agent was developed to enhance signal intensity of propofol. Routine analysis with the novel method provided accurate results and enhanced the detection levels of plasma and blood concentrations of propofol to better characterize the in vivo biodisposition of propofol.
|
['Animals', 'Calibration', 'Chromatography', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Dansyl Compounds', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Male', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Models, Chemical', 'Propofol', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization', 'Time Factors']
| 15,963,676
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.978.155'], ['E05.196.181'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.204', 'D02.886.590.192', 'D04.615.638.204'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.773'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.566.600'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Discrimination of symmetric time-intensity traded binaural stimuli.
|
Experiments were conducted to determine the extent to which listeners can discriminate between different combinations of interaural time and intensity for binaural stimulus configurations which eliminate loudness, lateralization, and image-diffuseness cues. A two-interval forced choice paradigm was used, and the task of the subject was to determine the order of two stimuli, each of which was a slowly gated 500-Hz tone with a combination of interaural time and intensity differences that resulted in a centered primary spatial image. The two stimuli to be discriminated were symmetric in that they differed only in the polarity of their interaural differences. Also, in order to reduce artifacts introduced by variations in the coupling of the earphones to the head, acoustic monitoring and compensation was performed both before and after each experimental run. The performance of the two most highly trained subjects is consistent with previous experimental results that indicate an incomplete trading of interaural time and intensity information. The subjective perceptions of these observers are not consistent with previous studies that describe a "time image" and a "time-intensity traded" spatial image.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Auditory Perception', 'Humans']
| 521,558
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of esophageal pressure with pulse transit time as a measure of respiratory effort for scoring obstructive nonapneic respiratory events.
|
Obstructive nonapneic respiratory events (ONAREs) are much more difficult to detect and classify than apneas unless sensitive measures of respiratory effort and airflow are employed. The aim of this study was to compare two measures of respiratory effort, esophageal pressure monitoring (Pes) and pulse transit time (PTT), for scoring of ONAREs by visual analysis. Nine men (age 49 +/- 10 yr) with mild to moderate sleep apnea syndrome (AHI of 25.1 +/- 10. 8/h) were studied and 340 ONAREs (hypopneas and upper airway resistance episodes) were randomly selected for scoring by two experienced observers. Each observer blindly scored each ONARE twice (once with Pes and once with PTT) with a concurrent pneumotachography trace available for airflow quantification. This permitted the respiratory events scored with PTT to be compared with those scored with Pes, and in addition interobserver variability could be assessed for each signal. Even though standard criteria were used for scoring, there was significant interobserver variability for both Pes (29.7%) and PTT (37.1%). Taking those events for which there was agreement between the observers, PTT had a sensitivity of 79.9% and a positive predictive value of 91.2% (using Pes as the gold standard). In those ONAREs for which there was agreement between the two observers there was a larger percentage reduction in airflow compared to ONAREs that did not concur (51 versus 30.3%, p < 0.001), a larger increase in respiratory effort as assessed by PTT (slope of PTT: 23.1 versus 14. 3 arbitrary units, p < 0.01), and a higher incidence in autonomic microarousals detected with PTT (90 versus 45% of ONAREs, p < 0.006). Subtle respiratory events are more difficult to detect than apneas or frank hypopneas. When comparing PTT with esophageal pressure in detecting those events the sensitivity of PTT is good but limited when the reduction in airflow, the increase in respiratory effort, or the arousal reaction is the less clear. However, PTT appears to be a good noninvasive alternative to Pes in the detection of nonapneic obstructive respiratory events, and its ability to detect autonomic arousal gives this physiological signal added clinical usefulness.
|
['Esophagus', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases, Obstructive', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Observer Variation', 'Pressure', 'Prospective Studies', 'Pulse', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Time Factors']
| 10,903,225
|
[['A03.556.875.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.495'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.370.380.650', 'G09.330.380.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Myostatin knockout drives browning of white adipose tissue through activating the AMPK-PGC1á-Fndc5 pathway in muscle.
|
Myostatin (Mstn) is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscles and plays important roles in regulating muscle growth and development, as well as fat deposition. Mstn-knockout (Mstn(-/-)) mice exhibit increased muscle mass due to both hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and leaner body composition due to reduced fat mass. Here, we show that white adipose tissue (WAT) of Mstn(-/-) develops characteristics of brown adipose tissue (BAT) with dramatically increased expression of BAT signature genes, including Ucp1 and Pgc1á, and beige adipocyte markers Tmem26 and CD137. Strikingly, the observed browning phenotype is non-cell autonomous and is instead driven by the newly defined myokine irisin (Fndc5) secreted from Mstn(-/-) skeletal muscle. Within the muscle, Mstn(-/-) leads to increased expression of AMPK and its phosphorylation, which subsequently activates PGC1á and Fndc5. Together, our study defines a paradigm of muscle-fat crosstalk mediated by Fndc5, which is up-regulated and secreted from muscle to induce beige cell markers and the browning of WAT in Mstn(-/-) mice. These results suggest that targeting muscle Mstn and its downstream signaling represents a therapeutic approach to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes.
|
['Adenylate Kinase', 'Adipose Tissue, Brown', 'Adipose Tissue, White', 'Animals', 'Fibronectins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Myostatin', 'Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription Factors', 'Up-Regulation']
| 23,362,117
|
[['D08.811.913.696.650.025'], ['A10.165.114.322'], ['A10.165.114.830'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D12.644.276.954.300.925', 'D12.776.467.942.300.925', 'D23.529.942.300.925'], ['D12.644.360.024.314.650', 'D12.776.157.057.080.650', 'D12.776.157.725.813.875', 'D12.776.476.024.394.650', 'D12.776.660.675.650', 'D12.776.664.962.813.875', 'D12.776.930.617.650'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Low-intensity laser irradiation stimulates wound healing in diabetic wounded fibroblast cells (WS1).
|
BACKGROUND: Patients with diabetes suffer from slow-to-heal wounds, which often necessitate amputation. Low-intensity laser irradiation (LILI) has been shown to reduce the healing time in such patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of different wavelengths of LILI on cellular migration, viability, and proliferation in a wounded diabetic cell model.METHODS: Diabetic wounded and unwounded human skin fibroblast cells (WS1) were irradiated at 632.8, 830, or 1,064 nm with 5 J/cm(2). Cellular morphology and migration were determined microscopically, while cellular viability was determined by ATP luminescence, and proliferation was determined by basic fibroblast growth factor expression and alkaline phosphatase activity.RESULTS: Diabetic wounded cells irradiated at 1,064 nm showed a lesser degree of migration, viability, and proliferation compared to cells irradiated at 632.8 or 830 nm. Cells irradiated at 632.8 nm showed a higher degree of haptotaxis and migration as well as ATP luminescence compared to cells irradiated at 830 nm.CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that LILI of diabetic wounded cells in the visible range (632.8 nm) was more beneficial to wound healing than irradiating the same cells to wavelengths in the infrared range. Cells irradiated at a longer wavelength of 1,064 nm performed worse.
|
['Cell Growth Processes', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Survival', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Low-Level Light Therapy', 'Wound Healing', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 21,128,844
|
[['G04.161', 'G07.345.249.410'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.346'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594.540', 'E02.774.500'], ['G16.762.891'], ['C26']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interactions of colipase with bile salt micelles. 2. Study by dialysis and spectrophotometry.
|
The finding reported in the preceding paper that colipase is able to bind one sodium taurodeoxycholate micelle per molecule was confirmed by dialysis and spectrophotometry. Dialysis in the presence of labelled sodium taurodeoxycholate provided a direct qualitative proof of taurodeoxycholate binding to colipase. This binding was found to occur only above the critical micelle concentration. But, dialysis did not give any information about the composition of the associations, because equilibrium was not attained at the end of the assays. Addition of sodium taurodeoxycholate above the critical micelle concentration was also observed to induce a strong perturbation of the ultraviolet spectrum of one or several of the three tyrosines of colipase. The variation of the perturbation as a function of sodium taurodeoxycholate concentration was consistent with the binding of a single micelle to colipase. The dissociation constant calculated in "micelle molarity" was approximately 1 X 10(-4) M. The colipase-bile salt micelle association can fix one molecule of lipase to form a ternary complex which represents an interesting model of a protein-protein interaction mediated by an organized lipid structure. The ternary complex is probably also a model for lipase-substrate interactions in the presence of an amphipath.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Colipases', 'Deoxycholic Acid', 'Dialysis', 'Micelles', 'Proteins', 'Spectrophotometry']
| 1,183,450
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.776.200'], ['D04.210.500.105.225.272', 'D04.210.500.221.430.342'], ['E05.196.353', 'G02.186'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['D12.776'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Estimation of viscous dissipative stresses induced by a mechanical heart valve using PIV data.
|
Among the clinical complications of mechanical heart valves (MHVs), hemolysis was previously thought to result from Reynolds stresses in turbulent flows. A more recent hypothesis suggests viscous dissipative stresses at spatial scales similar in size to red blood cells may be related to hemolysis in MHVs, but the resolution of current instrumentation is insufficient to measure the smallest eddy sizes. We studied the St. Jude Medical (SJM) 27 mm valve in the aortic position of a pulsatile circulatory mock loop under physiologic conditions with particle image velocimetry (PIV). Assuming a dynamic equilibrium assumption between the resolved and sub-grid-scale (SGS) energy flux, the SGS energy flux was calculated from the strain rate tensor computed from the resolved velocity fields and the SGS stress was determined by the Smagorinsky model, from which the turbulence dissipation rate and then the viscous dissipative stresses were estimated. Our results showed Reynolds stresses up to 80 N/m2 throughout the cardiac cycle, and viscous dissipative stresses below 12 N/m2. The viscous dissipative stresses remain far below the threshold of red blood cell hemolysis, but could potentially damage platelets, implying the need for further study in the phenomenon of MHV hemolytic complications.
|
['Aortic Valve', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Computer Simulation', 'Elastic Modulus', 'Energy Transfer', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Shear Strength', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Viscosity']
| 20,020,213
|
[['A07.541.510.110'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G01.374.590.605'], ['G01.154.240', 'G02.111.255', 'G02.216'], ['E07.695.310'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['G01.374.820'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Electrostatic state of the cytoplasmic domain influences inactivation at the selectivity filter of the KcsA potassium channel.
|
KcsA is a proton-activated K+ channel that is regulated at two gates: an activation gate located in the inner entrance of the pore and an inactivation gate at the selectivity filter. Previously, we revealed that the cytoplasmic domain (CPD) of KcsA senses proton and that electrostatic changes of the CPD influences the opening and closing of the activation gate. However, our previous studies did not reveal the effect of CPD on the inactivation gate because we used a non-inactivating mutant (E71A). In the present study, we used mutants that did not harbor the E71A mutation, and showed that the electrostatic state of the CPD influences the inactivation gate. Three novel CPD mutants were generated in which some negatively charged amino acids were replaced with neutral amino acids. These CPD mutants conducted K+, but showed various inactivation properties. Mutants carrying the D149N mutation showed high open probability and slow inactivation, whereas those without the D149N mutation showed low open probability and fast inactivation, similar to wild-type KcsA. In addition, mutants with D149N showed poor K+ selectivity, and permitted Na+ to flow. These results indicated that electrostatic changes in the CPD by D149N mutation triggered the loss of fast inactivation and changes in the conformation of selectivity filter. Additionally, the loss of fast inactivation induced by D149N was reversed by R153A mutation, suggesting that not only the electrostatic state of D149, but also that of R153 affects inactivation.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Cytoplasm', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Ion Channel Gating', 'Ions', 'Lipids', 'Liposomes', 'Mutation', 'Potassium', 'Potassium Channels', 'Protein Domains', 'Static Electricity']
| 30,053,405
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['G02.300'], ['G02.111.820.400', 'G04.835.400', 'G07.265.625'], ['D01.248.497'], ['D10'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750', 'G02.111.570.820.709.610.500'], ['G01.358.500.249.820']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
New mutation of the myelin P0 gene in a pedigree of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy 1.
|
P0, the major structural protein of peripheral myelin, is a homophilic adhesion molecule with a single immunoglobulin (Ig) domain, which contains a single N-linked glycosylation site and two cysteines. We have previously reported four different mutations of the myelin P0 gene in four families of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 1 (CMT1). In this study we found a new mutation of the myelin P0 gene in a small family of CMT1. The affected persons had an A - to - G substitution of nucleotide 245 of the myelin P0 gene in one allele, leading to a cysteine substitution for tyrosine82 in the extracellular Ig-domain. An additional cysteine in the extracellular domain may form a disulfide bond and cause an inappropriate change in the tertiary structure of the functional Ig-domain of P0.
|
['Adolescent', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal', 'Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Myelin P0 Protein', 'Myelin Proteins', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 7,505,151
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.250', 'D12.776.543.550.200.250', 'D23.050.301.350.250'], ['C10.500.300.200', 'C10.574.500.495.200', 'C10.668.829.800.300.200', 'C16.131.666.300.200', 'C16.320.400.375.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.250.500', 'D12.776.395.570', 'D12.776.543.550.200.250.500', 'D12.776.543.620.570', 'D12.776.631.580.550', 'D23.050.301.350.250.500'], ['D12.776.543.620', 'D12.776.631.580'], ['E05.393.620.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Deficits of facial emotion recognition and visual information processing in adult patients with classical galactosemia.
|
BACKGROUND: Classical galactosemia (CG) is due to a severe deficiency of the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl-transferase (GALT), the main enzyme of galactose metabolism. Even early introduction of galactose-restricted diet fails to prevent long-term complications, including cognitive impairment, neurological and psychiatric problems, osteoporosis, premature ovarian failure and infertility. Detailed neuropsychological phenotyping is needed in order to better understand the relevant neurodevelopmental deficiencies and to develop effective treatment strategies.AIM: To define specifically and significantly impaired neuropsychological traits in adult CG patients of the Swiss cohort.METHODS: Prospective cohort study. 22 CG patients, with confirmed genotype and low GALT activity, and 15 controls completed a computer-based neuropsychological test battery (CANTAB). Additionally, broad IQ evaluation was made for the CG patients.RESULTS: In most outcome measures of the CANTAB tasks, CG patients performed significantly worse than controls. The deficits in CG patients were most prominent in tasks that involve rapid visual information processing and facial emotion recognition.CONCLUSION: CG patients have specific cognitive problems such as impaired visual information processing and facial emotion recognition. The deficits in facial emotion recognition have not been described before and could help explain difficulties in social interactions often experienced by patients with CG.
|
['Adult', 'Cognitive Dysfunction', 'Cohort Studies', 'Facial Recognition', 'Female', 'Galactosemias', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Switzerland', 'Visual Perception']
| 30,808,388
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.615.250.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['F02.463.593.524.250.500', 'F02.463.593.524.500.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622.500'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.320', 'C16.320.565.189.320', 'C16.320.565.202.355', 'C18.452.132.100.320', 'C18.452.648.189.320', 'C18.452.648.202.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.513'], ['Z01.542.883'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Economic aspects of medical errors.
|
The critical problem of medical errors and the associated costs has recently been increasingly in the focus of attention of a number of world renowned experts. In the present article we review in detail and analyse the economic aspects of this problem. A methodology to assess the cost of medical errors and an algorithm for their prevention are presented. The cost of a medical error and the expenses required to avoid and prevent it are compared using graphical analysis of the prevention cost curve and the medical error compensation damages cost curve.
|
['Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Humans', 'Medical Errors']
| 22,908,832
|
[['N03.219.151.125'], ['N03.219.151'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.421.450']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Online signature verification with support vector machines based on LCSS kernel functions.
|
In this paper, a new technique for online signature verification or identification is proposed. The technique integrates a longest common subsequences (LCSS) detection algorithm which measures the similarity of signature time series into a kernel function for support vector machines (SVM). LCSS offers the possibility to consider the local variability of signals such as the time series of pen-tip coordinates on a graphic tablet, forces on a pen, or inclination angles of a pen measured during a signing process. Consequently, the similarity of two signature time series can be determined in a more reliable way than with other measures. A proprietary database with signatures of 153 test persons and the SVC 2004 benchmark database are used to show the properties of the new SVM-LCSS. We investigate its parameterization and compare it to SVM with other kernel functions such as dynamic time warping (DTW). Our experiments show that SVM with the LCSS kernel authenticate persons very reliably and with a performance which is significantly better than that of the best comparing technique, SVM with DTW kernel.
|
['Algorithms', 'Biometry', 'Electronic Data Processing', 'Handwriting', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Information Storage and Retrieval', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Reading']
| 19,906,588
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.740.225', 'N06.850.505.200'], ['L01.224.085'], ['L01.559.423.906.539'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['L01.313.500.750.280', 'L01.470'], ['L01.399.750'], ['L01.559.423.557']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Who's got what? A benchmarking exercise for tertiary neonatal units.
|
OBJECTIVES: To determine the current facilities available in level-3 neonatal units (NNU) in Australia and New Zealand to assist with establishment of standards for new NNU design.BACKGROUND: Many current NNU in Australia and New Zealand are planning new or redesigning existing facilities. There are no adequate local standards for NNU design available which reflect changing neonatal practices.METHODS: All level-3 neonatal units belonging to the Australia and New Zealand Neonatal Network (ANZNN) were invited to respond to a survey on NNU facilities. Questions were based around obtaining information on whether the NNU were planning to build or redesign the space and clinical facilities available in their existing facilities and what support and family spaces were provided.RESULTS: Twenty-six (six in New Zealand and 20 in Australia) of the 29 tertiary NNU in the ANZNN responded the survey. The oldest facility was built in 1960, with the most recent NNU being commissioned in 2003. Of the 26 responders, 18 indicated that they were planning to rebuild or renovate, with 13 anticipating completion within 6 years. The median floor area for existing level-3 cots was 11.1 m(2) (range 5.5-18.0 m(2)) and 5.8 m(2) (range 2.3-15.6 m(2)) for level-2 cots, respectively. Most units responded that storage space was insufficient (median 1.5 m(2) per cot, range 0.4-3.3 m(2) per cot). Most units had facilities for parents including a family lounge and parent overnight rooms, although 16 units indicated that they needed more overnight rooming in facilities. Noise levels in level-3 areas were described as being 'generally' or 'mostly noisy' in 14 of 25 responses, but noise levels in level-2 areas were less in the majority of responses. Privacy was cited as an issue for 80% of responding NNU with comments directed at either the layout or space constraints interfering with confidentiality or interactions with families.CONCLUSIONS: The majority of NNU have inadequate space and environmental control. The lack of space particularly impacts on infection control aspects, parental privacy and participation and staff satisfaction. Level-2 areas, where parent participation in the care of infants is often greater, should receive as much attention as higher technology level-3 areas. Furthermore, work should be undertaken to develop appropriate local recommendations for NNU design which are acknowledged by local government agencies and professional bodies and take into account the changes in neonatal care practices, integration of family in the care of infants and the needs of the staff.
|
['Australia', 'Benchmarking', 'Environment, Controlled', 'Health Facility Environment', 'Hospital Design and Construction', 'Intensive Care Units, Neonatal', 'New Zealand', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 16,398,866
|
[['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['N04.452.500.150', 'N04.761.685.150', 'N04.761.700.150', 'N05.700.150', 'N05.715.360.650.150'], ['N06.230.150'], ['N02.278.220', 'N05.300.430.400'], ['J01.086.339.250', 'N02.278.200.403'], ['N02.278.388.493.390.380'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Diclofenac but not celecoxib improves endothelial function in rheumatoid arthritis: A study in adjuvant-induced arthritis.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We aimed at investigating the effect of celecoxib (COX-2 selective inhibitor) and diclofenac (non-selective COX inhibitor) on endothelial function, and at identifying the underlying mechanisms in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA).METHODS: At the first signs of AIA, diclofenac (5 mg/kg twice a day, i.p), celecoxib (3 mg/kg/day, i.p) or saline (Vehicle) was administered for 3 weeks. Endothelial function was studied in aortic rings relaxed with acetylcholine (Ach) with or without inhibitors of NOS, arginase, EDHF and superoxide anions (O2-°) production. Aortic expression of eNOS, Ser1177-phospho-eNOS, COX-2, arginase-2, p22phox and p47phox was evaluated by Western blotting analysis. Arthritis scores, blood pressure, glycaemia and serum ADMA levels were measured.RESULTS: Diclofenac and celecoxib significantly reduced arthritis score to the same extent (p<0.05). As compared to vehicle-treated AIA, celecoxib did not change whereas diclofenac improved endothelial function (p<0.05) through increased EDHF production, decreased arginase activity and expression, decreased superoxide anions production and expression of p22phox and p47phox. Diclofenac but not celecoxib significantly enhanced blood pressure and serum ADMA levels. Glycaemia was unchanged by both treatments.CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals that the effect of NSAIDs on endothelial function cannot be extrapolated from their impact on arthritis severity and suggest that changes in blood pressure and plasma ADMA levels may not be useful to predict CV risk of NSAIDs in RA.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Arginase', 'Arginine', 'Arthritis, Experimental', 'Biological Factors', 'Blood Pressure', 'Celecoxib', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors', 'Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors', 'Diclofenac', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelium, Vascular', "Freund's Adjuvant", 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'NADPH Oxidases', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Phosphorylation', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Vasodilation', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 29,024,866
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['D08.811.277.913.292'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['C05.550.114.015', 'E05.598.500.249'], ['D23'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D02.065.884.247', 'D02.886.590.700.247', 'D03.383.129.539.160'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D27.505.519.389.310.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.310', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500'], ['D02.241.223.601.210'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D20.475'], ['E05.481'], ['D08.811.682.608.575', 'D12.776.331.894', 'D12.776.543.653'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['G09.330.380.928'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Optical Screening for Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and for Observation of Phenotypic Diversity among Strains of the Genetically Clonal Species Bacillus anthracis.
|
During high-impact events involving Bacillus anthracis, such as the Amerithrax incident of 2001 or the anthrax outbreaks in Russia and Sweden in 2016, critical decisions to reduce morbidity and mortality include rapid selection and distribution of effective antimicrobial agents for treatment and postexposure prophylaxis. Detection of antimicrobial resistance currently relies on a conventional broth microdilution method that requires a 16- to 20-h incubation time for B. anthracis Advances in high-resolution optical screening offer a new technology to more rapidly evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility and to simultaneously assess the growth characteristics of an isolate. Herein, we describe a new method developed and evaluated as a rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test for B. anthracis This method is based on automated digital time-lapse microscopy to observe the growth and morphological effects of relevant antibiotics with an optical screening instrument, the oCelloScope. B. anthracis strains were monitored over time in the presence or absence of penicillin, ciprofloxacin, or doxycycline. Susceptibility to each antibiotic was determined in ?4 h, 75 to 80% less than the time required for conventional methods. Time-lapse video imaging compiled from the optical screening images revealed unexpected differences in growth characteristics among strains of B. anthracis, which is considered to be a clonal organism. This technology provides a new approach for rapidly detecting phenotypic antimicrobial resistance and for documenting growth attributes that may be beneficial in the further characterization of individual strains.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Automation, Laboratory', 'Bacillus anthracis', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Doxycycline', 'Genotype', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Microscopy', 'Penicillins', 'Time Factors', 'Time-Lapse Imaging']
| 28,053,211
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E05.064', 'J01.897.104.416'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.151', 'B03.353.500.100.218.151', 'B03.510.100.100.218.151', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.151', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.151'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.186'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.200', 'D04.615.562.900.200'], ['G05.380'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['D02.065.589.099.750', 'D02.886.108.750', 'D03.633.100.300.750'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.600.817', 'E05.712.657', 'L01.280.960.399']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Modulation of macrophage functions by sheeppox virus provides clues to understand interaction of the virus with host immune system.
|
BACKGROUND: Poxviruses encode a range of immunomodulatory genes to subvert or evade the challenges posed by the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the inactivated poxviruses possessed immunostimulating capacity and were used as a prophylactic or metaphylactic application that efficiently reduced susceptibility to infectious diseases in different species. This fact is intensively studied in different genera of poxviruses. However, little is known about the basic mechanisms adopted by sheeppox virus (SPPV). SPPV causes an acute disease of sheep that recently, has been observed to reinfect its host in spite of vaccination.RESULTS: By injecting inactivated or attenuated sheeppox virus SPPV vaccine in adult male Swiss mice, SPPV was found to reduce macrophages' functions in a local event that occurs at the site of application 12 h after vaccine administration as indicated by increased level of IL-10 and decreased level of SOD from cultured peritoneal macrophages. In contrast increased levels of IL-12, and SOD activity from cultured splenic macrophages, lymphocyte response to PHA-P, and in-vivo response to T-dependant Ag were detected. These effects were observed in both attenuated and inactivated SPPV, but more prominent in attenuated one.CONCLUSION: The results of this study help to elucidate, the phenomenon of existence natural SPPV infections in sheep instead of vaccination and the basic mechanisms responsible for the immunostimulating capacity of sheeppox virus. Locally, SPPV shows evidence for an immune escape mechanism that alleviates the host's immune response. Later and systemically, the virus protects the host from any fatal consequences of the immune system suppression.
|
['Animals', 'Capripoxvirus', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-12', 'Macrophages, Peritoneal', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Phytohemagglutinins', 'Poxviridae Infections', 'Spleen', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 15,784,144
|
[['B01.050'], ['B04.280.650.160.150'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.512', 'D12.776.467.374.465.512', 'D23.529.374.465.512'], ['A11.329.372.630', 'A11.627.482.630', 'A11.733.397.630', 'A15.382.670.522.630', 'A15.382.680.397.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.395.560.825', 'D12.776.503.499.750', 'D12.776.765.678.750'], ['C01.925.256.743'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Simultaneous determination of free and total paclitaxel in blood in a three-phase laminar flow microchip.
|
In this study, a three-phase laminar flow microfluidic chip (TPL chip) combined with HPLC was developed for monitoring free and total concentrations of paclitaxel (PTX) in blood simultaneously. A diluted whole blood sample (aqueous phase) was introduced into the chip, ethyl acetate (organic phase) was introduced into the chip for extraction, and an interphase was used to prevent the blood sample from coming into direct contact with the organic phase. Because only free drug can quantitatively diffuse into the organic extraction phase and the free drug fraction has a linear relationship with the dilution factor of blood, both the free and total drug concentrations can be obtained by detecting the concentration of paclitaxel in the organic extraction phase. The governing factor such as flow rate for extraction was optimized. Docetaxel was used as an internal standard. The reliability of the quantitative diffusion of molecules in the TPL chip was proved by the methodological investigation of PTX in PBS sample, which showed a good linearity in the concentration range of 0.5 - 100 µg/mL and a detection limit of 7 ng/mL. Good repeatibilities for retention time (RSD of PTX is 1.23%, docetaxel is 1.14%, n = 5) and peak area ratio of PTX to docetaxel (RSD is 4.38%) were obtained. For blood sample analysis, only 100 µL of sample was needed and whole pretreatment was finished in 35 min, and a recovery of 94~117% were obtained. The provided method showed advantages in fast analysis speed, minimum sample handing, and potential ability of automation, and integration.
|
['Animals', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Humans', 'Microfluidics', 'Paclitaxel', 'Rats', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Rheology', 'Serum Albumin, Human']
| 32,823,097
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.830.666', 'H01.671.808.500', 'J01.897.520.500.500'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['D12.776.034.841.603', 'D12.776.124.727.906']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Molecular cloning of the gene encoding the putative polymerase of mouse hepatitis coronavirus, strain A59.
|
Complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries were constructed representing the genome RNA of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus, strain A59 (MHV-A59). From these libraries clones were selected to form a linear map across the entire gene A, the putative viral polymerase gene. This gene is approximately 23 kb in length, considerably larger than earlier estimates. Sequence analysis of the 5' terminal region of the genome indicates the presence of the 66-nucleotide leader that is found on all mRNAs. Secondary structure analysis of the 5' terminal region suggests that transcription of leader terminates in the region of nucleotide 66. The sequence of the first 2000 nucleotides is very similar to that reported for the closely related JHM strain of MHV and potentially encodes p28, a basic protein thought to be a component of the viral polymerase (L. Soe, C. K. Shieh, S. Baker, M. F. Chang, and M. M. C. Lai, 1987, J. Virol., 61, 3968-3976). Gene A contains two of the consensus sequences found in intergenic regions. One is adjacent to the 5' leader sequence and the other is upstream from the initiation codon for translation of gene B.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases', 'Genes', 'Genes, Viral', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Murine hepatitis virus', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'RNA, Viral', 'Restriction Mapping']
| 2,545,027
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['G02.282'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B04.450.580', 'B04.820.578.500.540.150.113.875'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cytokine response to group B streptococcus infection in mice.
|
This study was undertaken to better understand the complex relationship between specific and non-specific host defence mechanisms and group B streptococci (GBS). A comprehensive kinetics analysis of cytokine mRNA expression was performed, by Northern blot assay, in peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and spleen cells (SC) recovered from CD-1 mice at various times during the course of an intraperitoneal infection with a lethal dose (5 x 10(3) microorganisms/mouse) of type Ia GBS, reference strain 090 (GBS-Ia). Analysis of cytokines involved in the development of a specific TH response shows that GBS-Ia in PEC induce only a weak increase of IL-2 mRNA expression and in SC a cytokine pattern characterized by IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-12 in the absence of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10. This selected cytokine pattern could provide appropriate conditions for the development of a TH1 response. Analysis of inflammatory cytokines, which are usually induced early during an in vivo infection, shows that there is a significant expression of mRNA specific for IL-1beta, TNFalpha and IL-6, both in PEC and SC only at 24 h which persists at a high level until 36 h. This delayed cytokine induction, accompanied by the contemporary activation of splenic phagocytic cells, occurs only when the number of GBS-Ia is extremely high. In fact, at 24 h GBS-Ia have heavily colonized all organs. In vitro infection of thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages confirms that the ability of GBS-Ia to induce a strong inflammatory cytokine response depends strictly on the number of infecting microorganisms. Indeed, macrophages respond to GBS-Ia with a very rapid induction of IL-1beta and TNFalpha mRNA when infected at a ratio of 1:10, but not at 100:1. Two major observations emerged from this study: (1) GBS-Ia, by inducing a cytokine pattern which seems to favour development of a TH1 response, could evade antibody production essential for resistance to GBS; and (2) inflammatory cytokine response is induced when a heavy microbial invasion of the host has already occurred. These novel features of GBS-Ia could contribute to the development and progression of lethal infection in mice.
|
['Animals', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Macrophages, Peritoneal', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Spleen', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Streptococcus agalactiae']
| 9,600,312
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G05.297'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['A11.329.372.630', 'A11.627.482.630', 'A11.733.397.630', 'A15.382.670.522.630', 'A15.382.680.397.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['C01.150.252.410.890'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.100', 'B03.510.400.800.872.100', 'B03.510.550.737.872.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis of quaternary carbon stereogenic centers through enantioselective Cu-catalyzed allylic substitutions with vinylaluminum reagents.
|
Catalytic enantioselective allylic substitution (EAS) reactions, which involve the use of alkyl- or aryl-substituted vinylaluminum reagents and afford 1,4-dienes containing a quaternary carbon stereogenic center at their C-3 site, are disclosed. The C-C bond-forming transformations are promoted by 0.5-2.5 mol % of sulfonate bearing chiral bidentate N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes, furnishing the desired products efficiently (66-97% yield of isolated products) and in high site (>98% S(N)2')- and enantioselectivity [up to 99:1 enantiomer ratio (er)]. To the best of our knowledge, the present report puts forward the first cases of allylic substitution reactions that result in the generation of all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers through the addition of a vinyl unit. The aryl- and vinyl-substituted vinylaluminum reagents, which cannot be prepared in high efficiency through direct reaction with diisobutylaluminum hydride, are accessed through a recently introduced Ni-catalyzed reaction of the corresponding terminal alkynes with the same inexpensive metal-hydride agent. Sequential Ni-catalyzed hydrometalations and Cu-catalyzed C-C bond-forming reactions allow for efficient and selective synthesis of a range of enantiomerically enriched EAS products, which cannot be accessed by previously disclosed strategies (due to inefficient vinylmetal synthesis or low reactivity and/or selectivity with Si-substituted derivatives). The utility of the protocols developed is demonstrated through a concise enantioselective synthesis of natural product bakuchiol.
|
['Allyl Compounds', 'Aluminum', 'Carbon', 'Catalysis', 'Copper', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 20,860,365
|
[['D02.455.326.271.122'], ['D01.268.557.050', 'D01.552.547.050'], ['D01.268.150'], ['G02.130'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Study on the effects of heat on blood and on the post-mortem estimation of carboxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin.
|
Blood samples of different carboxyhaemoglobin (CoHb) content (0%, 50%, 100%) were analysed, after short exposure to heat, for determination of the change of CoHb and methaemoglobin (MetHb) during the succeeding 14 days. Untreated blood showed an initial increase of MetHb after heating followed by a decrease during this period. There was no formation of CoHb in the untreated blood. When CoHb was already present in the blood the amount of MetHb was smaller in amount and was formed at a slower rate. In these samples the concentration of CoHb slowly decreased.
|
['Burns', 'Carboxyhemoglobin', 'Cause of Death', 'Humans', 'Methemoglobin', 'Spectrophotometry']
| 2,925,132
|
[['C26.200'], ['D12.776.124.400.141', 'D12.776.422.316.762.149'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.400.599', 'D12.776.422.316.762.571'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.