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Severity of hypertension predicts the generalized neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia.
|
Individuals with schizophrenia have been found to display neurocognitive deficits on the order of 1 standard deviation below the mean of healthy controls on a range of cognitive domains, with no clear pattern of deficits that characterizes the majority of individuals with schizophrenia. Such findings have led some to suggest that schizophrenia is characterized by a "generalized" neurocognitive deficit, implying that a common underlying etiology impacts all cognitive domains. Central nervous system accounts of the generalized deficit have been proposed (e.g., NMDA and GABA interneuron receptor dysfunction); however, there may also be more diffuse "general systems" abnormalities that affect brain function. The current study evaluated the role of one type of general systems abnormality, metabolic dysfunction, on global cognitive functioning in a sample of outpatients with schizophrenia (n=27) and demographically matched healthy controls (n=33). Participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests, as well as metabolic measurements to assess blood glucose, blood pressure, and abdominal obesity. Results indicated that higher pulse pressure predicted the generalized neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia, but not healthy controls; however, blood glucose and abdominal obesity did not predict cognitive performance in either group. These findings provide support for the role of metabolic abnormalities in the generalized neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia, and suggest that treatment of hypertension may be a novel adjunctive treatment target for remediating cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
|
['Cognition', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 27,397,721
|
[['F02.463.188'], ['F03.615.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E01.789'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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|
Development of health risk appraisal functions in the presence of multiple indicators: the Framingham Study nursing home institutionalization model.
|
A health risk appraisal function is a mathematical model designed to estimate the risk or probability of a person's mortality or morbidity for various diseases based upon risk factors such as age, medical history and smoking behaviour. The Framingham Study has contributed substantially to the development and use of these for endpoints such as mortality and incidence of coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases. This paper discusses a methodology for the development of health risk appraisal functions when the number of potential risk factors is large and illustrates it with sex specific functions for nursing home institutionalization. The methodology involves grouping variables substantively into sets, applying principal component factor analysis and variable clustering to obtain substantively meaningful composite scores, ranking these in order of substantive importance, and then entering these with a hierarchical ordering into a Cox proportional hazard regression.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Humans', 'Institutionalization', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Morbidity', 'Mortality', 'Nursing Homes', 'Probability', 'Risk']
| 7,481,208
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.415', 'N02.421.585.415'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599'], ['E05.318.308.985.525', 'N01.224.935.597', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['N02.278.825.610'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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|
ã-Tocotrienol attenuates TNF-á-induced changes in secretion and gene expression of MCP-1, IL-6 and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
|
Tocotrienols, members of the vitamin E family, have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties and display activity against a variety of chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. However, whether tocotrienols contribute to the prevention of inflammatory responses in adipose tissue remains to be elucidated. In this study, we examined the effects of ã-tocotrienol, the most common tocotrienol isomer, on tumor necrosis factor-á (TNF-á)-induced inflammatory responses by measuring the expression of the adipokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Exposure to TNF-á (10 ng/ml) for 24 h increased MCP-1 and IL-6 secretion, and decreased adiponectin secretion and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-ã (PPARã) mRNA expression. ã-tocotrienol effectively improved the TNF-á-induced adverse changes in MCP-1, IL-6 and adiponectin secretion, and in MCP-1, IL-6, adiponectin and PPARã mRNA expression. Furthermore, TNF-á-mediated IêB-á phosphorylation and nuclear factor-êB (NF-êB) activation were significantly suppressed by the ã-tocotrienol treatment. Our results suggest that ã-tocotrienol may improve obesity-related functional abnormalities in adipocytes by attenuating NF-êB activation and the expression of inflammatory adipokines.
|
['3T3-L1 Cells', 'Adipocytes', 'Adiponectin', 'Animals', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Chromans', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'I-kappa B Kinase', 'Interleukin-6', 'Mice', 'NF-kappa B', 'PPAR gamma', 'Phosphorylation', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Vitamin E', 'Vitamins']
| 22,293,775
|
[['A11.251.210.100.775.800', 'A11.329.228.100.775.800'], ['A11.329.114'], ['D06.472.699.042.249', 'D12.644.276.024.249', 'D12.644.548.011.249', 'D12.776.467.024.249', 'D23.529.024.249'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990.600', 'D23.125.300.110.990.600', 'D23.469.200.110.990.600', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990.500'], ['D03.383.663.283.240', 'D03.633.100.150.240'], ['G05.308'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.494', 'D12.644.360.361', 'D12.776.476.378'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D12.776.826.239.588'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D03.383.663.283.909', 'D03.633.100.150.909'], ['D27.505.696.494.600', 'G07.203.300.681.500.600', 'J02.500.681.500.600']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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| 1
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|
Natriuretic peptide system: a link between fat mass and cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension in fat-fed female rats.
|
The present study was designed to develop an animal model of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy associated with obesity in female rats. Furthermore, we studied the involvement of the natriuretic peptide system in the mechanisms of these conditions. Obesity was induced in Wistar rats by a high fat diet and ovariectomy. The rats were divided into four groups: ovariectomized or sham-operated with high-fat diet and ovariectomized or sham-operated with control diet. After 24 weeks of diet, rats were killed, and their tissues were removed. Cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), clearance receptor (NPr-C) gene expression was determined by PCR. ANP concentrations were measured in plasma. Ovariectomized fat-fed rats (OF) showed increased body weight, visceral fat depot and blood pressure and decreased sodium excretion compared to other groups. Also, these rats showed higher heart-to-body weight and cell diameters of ventricular cardiomyocytes and lower cardiac ANP mRNA and plasma ANP than the control group. The adipocyte and renal NPr-C mRNA of OF rats were higher than the control group. These data showed that combined ovariectomy and high fat diet elicited obesity, hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. These results suggest that the impairment of the natriuretic peptide system may be one of the mechanisms involved not only in development of hypertension but also in cardiac hypertrophy associated with obesity in ovariectomized rats.
|
['Animals', 'Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiomegaly', 'Diet', 'Dietary Fats', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Heart', 'Hypertension', 'Intra-Abdominal Fat', 'Obesity', 'Organ Size', 'Ovariectomy', 'Ovary', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Sodium']
| 21,237,215
|
[['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.584.500', 'D12.644.548.585.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C14.280.195', 'C23.300.775.250'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G05.297'], ['A07.541'], ['C14.907.489'], ['A10.165.114.830.500.500'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D08.811.520.650.600.500.500', 'D12.776.543.750.700.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.160'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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| 1
| 0
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Age differences in affective decision making as indexed by performance on the Iowa Gambling Task.
|
Contemporary perspectives on age differences in risk taking, informed by advances in developmental neuroscience, have emphasized the need to examine the ways in which emotional and cognitive factors interact to influence decision making. In the present study, a diverse sample of 901 individuals between the ages of 10 and 30 were administered a modified version of the Iowa Gambling Task, which is designed to measure affective decision making. Results indicate that approach behaviors (operationalized as the tendency to play increasingly from the advantageous decks over the course of the task) display an inverted U-shape relation to age, peaking in mid- to late adolescence. In contrast, avoidance behaviors (operationalized as the tendency to refrain from playing from the disadvantageous decks) increase linearly with age, with adults avoiding disadvantageous decks at higher rates than both preadolescents and adolescents. The finding that adolescents, compared to adults, are relatively more approach oriented in response to positive feedback and less avoidant in response to negative feedback is consistent with recent studies of brain development, as well as epidemiological data on various types of risky behavior, and may have important practical implications for the prevention of adolescent risk taking.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Affect', 'Age Factors', 'Aging', 'Child', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Gambling', 'Humans', 'Intelligence', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 20,053,017
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.047'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['G07.345.124'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['F01.145.722.408', 'F03.250.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.543'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Long noncoding RNA H19 regulates EZH2 expression by interacting with miR-630 and promotes cell invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
|
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 has been recently shown to participate in the progression of cancer, including metastasis. However, the biological role of H19 and the underlying mechanisms mediating its functions in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain unclear. Herein, we found that H19 was overexpressed in NPC tissues and poorly differentiated cell lines. Knockdown of H19 significantly inhibited the invasive ability of NPC cells. Moreover, H19 affected the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), which has also been observed to be up-regulated in NPC and to promote cell invasion. Rather than direct interaction, H19 regulated EZH2 expression by suppressing the activity of miR-630, which is a repressor of EZH2 and interacts with H19 in a sequence-specific manner. Furthermore, H19 inhibited E-cadherin expression and promoted cell invasion of NPC cells via the miR-630/EZH2 pathway. Our data suggest an important role for H19 in NPC metastasis and suggest the feasibility of therapy for NPC involving modulation of the novel regulatory network.
|
['Carcinoma', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'MicroRNAs', 'Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma', 'Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'RNA, Long Noncoding']
| 27,040,767
|
[['C04.557.470.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D05.500.781.750.250', 'D08.811.913.555.500.800.200.500.500.500', 'D12.776.660.235.600.200.250', 'D12.776.664.235.800.200.250', 'D12.776.930.780.890.200.250'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.623', 'C04.588.443.665.710.650.500', 'C07.550.350.650.500', 'C07.550.745.650.500', 'C09.647.710.650.500', 'C09.775.350.650.500', 'C09.775.549.650.500'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.650', 'C07.550.350.650', 'C07.550.745.650', 'C09.647.710.650', 'C09.775.350.650', 'C09.775.549.650'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['D13.444.735.790.375']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A rapid method for detecting protein-nucleic acid interactions by protein induced fluorescence enhancement.
|
Many fundamental biological processes depend on intricate networks of interactions between proteins and nucleic acids and a quantitative description of these interactions is important for understanding cellular mechanisms governing DNA replication, transcription, or translation. Here we present a versatile method for rapid and quantitative assessment of protein/nucleic acid (NA) interactions. This method is based on protein induced fluorescence enhancement (PIFE), a phenomenon whereby protein binding increases the fluorescence of Cy3-like dyes. PIFE has mainly been used in single molecule studies to detect protein association with DNA or RNA. Here we applied PIFE for steady state quantification of protein/NA interactions by using microwell plate fluorescence readers (mwPIFE). We demonstrate the general applicability of mwPIFE for examining various aspects of protein/DNA interactions with examples from the restriction enzyme BamHI, and the DNA repair complexes Ku and XPF/ERCC1. These include determination of sequence and structure binding specificities, dissociation constants, detection of weak interactions, and the ability of a protein to translocate along DNA. mwPIFE represents an easy and high throughput method that does not require protein labeling and can be applied to a wide range of applications involving protein/NA interactions.
|
['Anisotropy', 'DNA', 'DNA Repair', 'DNA Replication', 'Deoxyribonuclease BamHI', 'Fluorescence', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Humans', 'Ions', 'Ku Autoantigen', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Nucleic Acids', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Proteins', 'RNA', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 28,008,962
|
[['G01.590.040', 'G02.050'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D08.811.150.280.260.240', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300.260.240', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300.260.240'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.159.155', 'D08.811.399.340.155', 'D12.776.157.687.493', 'D12.776.260.525', 'D12.776.660.625.625', 'D12.776.660.720.493', 'D23.050.290.625'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['D13.444'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D12.776'], ['D13.444.735'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on Au nanoparticle in titania sol-gel membrane.
|
A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for the determination of human IgG was introduced. The biosensor was prepared with three layers of titania sol-gel membrane by vapor deposition. The colloid Au nanoparticle (AuNP) was immobilized in the second layer of titania membrane and the AuNP coupled with rabbit anti-human IgG was encapsulated in the third layer. The AuNP in the second layer of titania membrane was proved to be effective in the sensitivity enhancement of SPR biosensor. The lowest concentration that could be detected obtained by the biosensor with AuNP is about eight times lower than that obtained without AuNP. In addition, the titania sol-gel is a porous homogeneous material that permits analytes to access the encapsulated biomolecule and can provide a controlled environment for the study of biomolecular recognition. The titania sol-gel was also confirmed to be benefit for biomolecule to keep bioactivity, which could offer a good waterish microenvironment. As a result, the modified biosensor exhibits a satisfactory response for human IgG in the concentration range of 0.30-40.00 microg mL(-1) and shows favorable bioactivity for a long time.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'Gels', 'Gold', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Surface Plasmon Resonance', 'Surface Properties', 'Time Factors', 'Titanium']
| 19,846,285
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['E05.196.890', 'E05.601.043.700'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A-Raf associates with and regulates platelet-derived growth factor receptor signalling.
|
Raf kinases are important intermediates in epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) mediated activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In this report, we show that the A-Raf kinase is associated with activated EGF receptor complexes and with PDGF receptor (PDGFR) complexes independent of prior PDGF treatment. The ability of A-Raf to associate with receptor tyrosine kinases could provide a Ras-GTP-independent mechanism for the membrane localization of A-Raf. Expression of a partially activated A-Raf mutant resulted in decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of the PDGFR, specifically on Y857 (autophosphorylation site) and Y1021 (phospholipase Cgamma1 (PLCgamma1) binding site), but not the binding sites for other signalling proteins (Nck, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K), RasGAP, Grb2, SHP). Activated A-Raf expression also altered the activation of PLCgamma1, and p85-associated PI3K. Thus, A-Raf can regulate PLCgamma1 signalling via a PDGFR-dependent mechanism and may also regulate PI3K signalling via a PDGFR-independent mechanism.
|
['Animals', 'COS Cells', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'Organ Specificity', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Phospholipase C gamma', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins A-raf', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf', 'Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Type C Phospholipases']
| 15,763,428
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A11.251.210.100.550', 'A11.329.228.100.550'], ['G07.650'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700.562.750', 'D12.644.360.571.750', 'D12.776.476.556.750'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.776.476.400.842.374'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.842.500', 'D12.644.360.400.842.500', 'D12.776.476.400.842.500', 'D12.776.624.664.700.204.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.900', 'D12.776.543.750.630.625', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.630'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Suppression of the avian sarcoma virus genome in 8-azaquanine-resistant, transformed, hamster cells.
|
The avian sarcoma virus genome (Schmidt-Ruppin strain) in transformed hamster cells resistant to 8-azaquanine [Ha(SR)AG-50] was strongly suppressed. The suppression was genetically stable and could not be overcome by attempts at induction with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine. Fusion of hamster cells, which had suppressed virus genome, with chicken Rous-associated virus (RAV-1)-preinfected cells easily rescued the sarcoma virus. The rescued virus had envelope properties of RAV-1, as determined by viral interference, virus neutralization, and plating on genetically resistant chicken cells. By repeatedly cloning the rescued virus, we determined that virus recombined in the rescue experiment and that the recombinant virus had the envelope properties of helper virus used for its rescue. Cells with suppressed avian sarcoma virus genome were suitable for preparation of different recombinant viruses.
|
['Animals', 'Avian Sarcoma Viruses', 'Azaguanine', 'Cell Fusion', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cricetinae', 'Drug Resistance', 'Genes', 'Helper Viruses', 'Idoxuridine', 'Phenotype', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Transformation, Genetic', 'Viral Proteins', 'Virus Replication']
| 187,768
|
[['B01.050'], ['B04.613.807.070.120', 'B04.820.650.070.120'], ['D02.145.250', 'D03.633.100.759.758.399.454.300'], ['E05.242.307', 'G04.155'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['B04.423'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.400', 'D13.570.230.430.609', 'D13.570.685.852.300.400'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.728'], ['G05.728.865'], ['D12.776.964'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The impact of recipient factors on the lower-than-expected hemoglobin increment in transfused outpatients with hematologic diseases.
|
BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer or chronic hematologic disorders frequently receive red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Based on long-standing assumptions, each RBC unit is thought to increase recipient hemoglobin by 1 g/dL, but smaller increments can occur. A better understanding of recipient factors affecting hemoglobin increments could help providers manage these patients.METHODS: Data were collected as a part of the observational Red Cells in Outpatients Transfusion Outcomes (RETRO) study of outpatients with hematologic or cancer-related diagnoses. Hemoglobin was measured before transfusion and 30 minutes after transfusion. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was performed to identify statistically significant associations with clinical variables. A corresponding prediction equation was developed and validated using linear regression.RESULTS: A total of 195 participants had both pre- and posttransfusion hemoglobin values for analysis. The median age was 66 years, and patients received one (73%) or two (27%) RBC units during the transfusion episode. The overall median change in hemoglobin was 0.6 g/dL per RBC unit. Both CART analysis and linear regression identified the following significant predictors of hemoglobin increment: number of units received (positive correlation), patient estimated circulating blood volume (negative correlation), pretransfusion hemoglobin (negative correlation), and patient age (negative correlation).CONCLUSION: In this study of outpatients with hematologic disease, most patients had a hemoglobin increment of less than 1 g/dL/unit. Recipient-specific factors influenced the hemoglobin increment at 30 minutes, and providers should consider circulating blood volume, pretransfusion hemoglobin, and recipient age, when developing patient-specific RBC transfusion plans for this unique cohort.
|
['Aged', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Erythrocyte Transfusion', 'Female', 'Hematologic Neoplasms', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies']
| 31,270,827
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E02.095.135.140.275'], ['C04.588.448', 'C15.378.400'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Improved post-ischemic ventricular recovery in the absence of changes in energy metabolism in working rat hearts following heat-shock.
|
We have previously demonstrated that induction of the heat-shock response in rats results in improved recovery of isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts subjected to low-flow ischemia followed by reperfusion (Currie et al., 1988). The mechanisms underlying this protective effect of heat-shock are uncertain although the protection was associated with enhanced content of the antioxidant enzyme catalase but not superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase (Currie et al., 1988). Various investigators have suggested the importance of improved energy metabolism in determining recovery following ischemia (Pasque and Wechsler, 1984; Haas et al., 1984; Devous and Lewandowski, 1987). We therefore examined, using a working rat heart model subjected to 10 or 15 min zero flow ischemia whether changes in energy metabolites could account for the protective effect of the heat-shock response. Hearts perfused 24 h after induction of heat-shock failed to demonstrate significant improvement of recovery following 10 min ischemia, however recovery was significantly enhanced in hearts reperfused after 15 min ischemia. Ischemia produced a depression in both ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) content whereas a moderate elevation in ADP and AMP and a marked increase in tissue lactate were evident. These changes were unaffected by prior heat-shock treatment. For both durations of ischemia tissue metabolites were determined during early (5 min) and late (30 min) reperfusion. Although partial recovery in high energy phosphates and a return of ADP, AMP and lactate to near-normal levels were evident, no differences in energy products were observed between hearts from normal or heat-shocked animals, in spite of significantly enhanced recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Adenosine Monophosphate', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Coronary Disease', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Hot Temperature', 'Lactates', 'Male', 'Phosphocreatine', 'Physical Exertion', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Ventricular Function']
| 2,231,733
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.180', 'D13.695.667.138.180', 'D13.695.827.068.180'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['G03.295'], ['A07.541.560'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['D12.125.373.603', 'D12.125.740.675'], ['G11.427.683'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G09.330.955']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Chromosomal translocation involving the beta T cell receptor gene in acute leukemia.
|
DNA spanning a t(7;19) chromosomal translocation breakpoint was isolated from the human T cell line SUP-T7 established from an acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the point of crossover on chromosome 7 occurred immediately adjacent to joining segment J beta 1.1 within the TCR-beta gene, suggesting that this translocation resulted from an error in TCR gene rearrangement. On chromosome 19, the translocation occurred within a previously uncharacterized transcriptional unit for which we propose the name lyl-1. An approximately 1.5-kb RNA is transcribed from this gene in a wide variety of hematolymphoid cell lines. The t(7;19) results in truncation of the lyl-1 gene and production of abnormal-sized RNAs, suggesting a role for lyl-1 in the pathogenesis of this leukemia.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Lymphoid', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Translocation, Genetic']
| 3,162,254
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.460.465', 'G05.360.162.520.300.460.465'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.335', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.335'], ['E05.393.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.428', 'C15.604.515.560', 'C20.683.515.528'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Plasmodium dihydrofolate reductase is a second enzyme target for the antimalarial action of triclosan.
|
Malaria, caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium, leads to over half a million deaths per year, 90% of which are caused by Plasmodium falciparum. P. vivax usually causes milder forms of malaria; however, P. vivax can remain dormant in the livers of infected patients for weeks or years before re-emerging in a new bout of the disease. The only drugs available that target all stages of the parasite can lead to severe side effects in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency; hence, there is an urgent need to develop new drugs active against blood and liver stages of the parasite. Different groups have demonstrated that triclosan, a common antibacterial agent, targets the Plasmodium liver enzyme enoyl reductase. Here, we provide 4 independent lines of evidence demonstrating that triclosan specifically targets both wild-type and pyrimethamine-resistant P. falciparum and P. vivax dihydrofolate reductases, classic targets for the blood stage of the parasite. This makes triclosan an exciting candidate for further development as a dual specificity antimalarial, which could target both liver and blood stages of the parasite.
|
['Antimalarials', 'Binding Sites', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Folic Acid Antagonists', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Plasmodium', 'Protein Binding', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase', 'Triclosan']
| 29,348,637
|
[['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D27.505.519.389.350'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['B01.043.075.380.611'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D08.811.682.662.825'], ['D02.355.726.900', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Corneal stromal demarcation line determined with anterior segment optical coherence tomography following a very high intensity corneal collagen cross-linking protocol.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate corneal stromal demarcation line depth after very high intensity (18 mW/cm) ultraviolet-A irradiation for a 5-minute corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) protocol with the use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography.METHODS: This prospective interventional study enrolled 14 patients (18 eyes) with progressive keratoconus who underwent CXL with an ultraviolet-A irradiation intensity of 18 mW/cm for 5 minutes. One month postoperatively, corneal stromal demarcation line depth was measured with the use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography by 2 independent observers. The rate of reepithelialization and endothelial cell density at a 3-month follow-up period were also evaluated.RESULTS: No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed in any of the patients. No statistically significant difference between the 2 observers' measurements was observed (P = 0.989). Mean corneal stromal demarcation line depth was 223 ± 32 ìm (range, 159-265 ìm). The mean endothelial cell density decreased from 2714 ± 174 preoperatively to 2671 ± 192 at 3 months postoperatively; however, this decrease was not statistically significant (P = 0.221).CONCLUSIONS: Corneal stromal demarcation line depth after a very high intensity 5-minute CXL protocol seems to be shallower than the standard Dresden protocol.
|
['Adult', 'Cell Count', 'Collagen', 'Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss', 'Corneal Stroma', 'Corneal Topography', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Endothelium, Corneal', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Keratoconus', 'Male', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Prospective Studies', 'Riboflavin', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Young Adult']
| 25,811,721
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['C11.204.278', 'C11.300.250', 'C23.550.767.093', 'C23.888.307.250'], ['A09.371.060.217.228'], ['E01.370.380.150'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['A09.371.060.067.318', 'A09.371.060.217.318', 'A10.272.491.318'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C11.204.627'], ['E02.186.500', 'E02.319.685', 'E02.774.722'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D03.633.100.733.315.650', 'D03.633.300.507.650', 'D08.211.474.650', 'D23.767.405.650'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Two closely related genes of Arabidopsis encode plastidial cytidinediphosphate diacylglycerol synthases essential for photoautotrophic growth.
|
Cytidinediphosphate diacylglycerol synthase (CDS) catalyzes the formation of cytidinediphosphate diacylglycerol, an essential precursor of anionic phosphoglycerolipids like phosphatidylglycerol or -inositol. In plant cells, CDS isozymes are located in plastids, mitochondria, and microsomes. Here, we show that these isozymes are encoded by five genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Alternative translation initiation or alternative splicing of CDS2 and CDS4 transcripts can result in up to 10 isoforms. Most of the cDNAs encoding the various plant isoforms were functionally expressed in yeast and rescued the nonviable phenotype of the mutant strain lacking CDS activity. The closely related genes CDS4 and CDS5 were found to encode plastidial isozymes with similar catalytic properties. Inactivation of both genes was required to obtain Arabidopsis mutant lines with a visible phenotype, suggesting that the genes have redundant functions. Analysis of these Arabidopsis mutants provided further independent evidence for the importance of plastidial phosphatidylglycerol for structure and function of thylakoid membranes and, hence, for photoautotrophic growth.
|
['Alleles', 'Arabidopsis', 'Autotrophic Processes', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Diacylglycerol Cholinephosphotransferase', 'Genes, Plant', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Glycerophospholipids', 'Isoenzymes', 'Light', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Mutation', 'Phenotype', 'Plastids', 'Protein Transport', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Subcellular Fractions', 'Sucrose']
| 20,442,275
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['G02.111.071', 'G03.087'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D08.811.913.696.900.200'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['D10.570'], ['E05.393.420.601.550', 'G05.365.590.575', 'G05.558.550'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.695'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700'], ['G03.143.700'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['A11.284.835'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Disruption of vascular Ca2+-activated chloride currents lowers blood pressure.
|
High blood pressure is the leading risk factor for death worldwide. One of the hallmarks is a rise of peripheral vascular resistance, which largely depends on arteriole tone. Ca2+-activated chloride currents (CaCCs) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are candidates for increasing vascular contractility. We analyzed the vascular tree and identified substantial CaCCs in VSMCs of the aorta and carotid arteries. CaCCs were small or absent in VSMCs of medium-sized vessels such as mesenteric arteries and larger retinal arterioles. In small vessels of the retina, brain, and skeletal muscle, where contractile intermediate cells or pericytes gradually replace VSMCs, CaCCs were particularly large. Targeted disruption of the calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A, also known as ANO1, in VSMCs, intermediate cells, and pericytes eliminated CaCCs in all vessels studied. Mice lacking vascular TMEM16A had lower systemic blood pressure and a decreased hypertensive response following vasoconstrictor treatment. There was no difference in contractility of medium-sized mesenteric arteries; however, responsiveness of the aorta and small retinal arterioles to the vasoconstriction-inducing drug U46619 was reduced. TMEM16A also was required for peripheral blood vessel contractility, as the response to U46619 was attenuated in isolated perfused hind limbs from mutant mice. Out data suggest that TMEM16A plays a general role in arteriolar and capillary blood flow and is a promising target for the treatment of hypertension.
|
['15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid', 'Animals', 'Anoctamin-1', 'Arterioles', 'Blood Pressure', 'Brain', 'Chloride Channels', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Electrophysiology', 'Estrogen Antagonists', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Mesenteric Arteries', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Pericytes', 'Retina', 'Tamoxifen', 'Time Factors', 'Vascular Resistance', 'Vasoconstrictor Agents']
| 24,401,273
|
[['D01.248.497.158.685.750.744.650.500.500', 'D01.339.431.374.744.650.500.500', 'D01.650.550.750.700.650.500.500', 'D02.389.338.638.650.500.500', 'D10.251.355.255.550.025.650.500.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.025.650.500.500', 'D23.469.700.630.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.032.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.032.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.032.500'], ['A07.015.114.060', 'A07.015.461.080'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['D06.347.295', 'D27.505.696.399.450.327'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['A07.015.114.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D12.776.624'], ['A07.015.700.750', 'A10.272.491.677', 'A11.710', 'A16.504.660.600'], ['A09.371.729'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G09.330.380.921'], ['D27.505.954.411.793']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Community and state systems change associated with the healthy transitions initiative.
|
People engaged in efforts to improve services to emerging adults with serious mental health challenges have reached the conclusion that service change at the program or agency level is not sustainable without related changes at the systems or policy level. This article focuses on one set of efforts to create intentional system change at both the community and state levels. These changes were pursued by states and communities that received grants under the federally funded Healthy Transitions Initiative (HTI), with the aim of creating more effective services for emerging adults with serious mental health conditions. The article reviews the development of a measure to assess systems change efforts at the state and community levels and describes the findings that emerged when the measure was used to assess the change that occurred in the HTI sites over a period of approximately three and a half years.
|
['Adult', 'Community Mental Health Services', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Mental Health', 'Organizational Innovation', 'Organizational Objectives', 'Program Evaluation', 'Residence Characteristics', 'State Government', 'Systems Theory']
| 25,537,434
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F04.408.307', 'N02.421.143.183', 'N02.421.461.232'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['N04.452.610'], ['N04.452.615'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['I01.409.775', 'N03.540.348.875'], ['H01.770.808']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Family-Centered Communication and Acute Stress in Israeli Intensive Care Units.
|
BACKGROUND: Intensive care unit stays can be stressful for patients' family members. Family-centered communication has 6 components: fostering relationships, exchanging information, responding to emotions, managing uncertainty, making decisions, and enabling patient self-management. Whether these communication components decrease family members' stress is unknown.OBJECTIVE: To describe levels of family-centered communication and associations with acute stress while patients are in the intensive care unit.METHODS: A convenience sample of 130 family members of patients in 2 intensive care units in a Jerusalem, Israel, tertiary medical center received a family-centered communication questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, and a personal characteristics questionnaire.RESULTS: Most respondents were women (n = 79, 60.8%), children of the patient (n = 67, 51.9%), and familiar with the patient's diagnosis (n = 111, 85.4%). Mean (SD) participant age was 45.7 (13.6) years. Most considered the patient medically stable (n = 75, 57.7%). Mean (SD) intensive care unit stay was 7.45 (5.8) days. Mean (SD) total and item scores for family-centered communication were 98.75 (18.21) and 3.80 (0.70), respectively; for the Perceived Stress Scale, 19.63 (5.92) and 1.96 (0.59), respectively. Relationship building (r = -0.31, P = .002), participation in care management (r = -0.32, P = .001), and emotional support (r = -0.29, P = .003), and were significantly related to stress.CONCLUSIONS: Stress levels were mild to moderate and communication scores were moderate to high. Better nurse communication with family members was associated with decreased acute stress, irrespective of personal characteristics or perceptions of the patient's medical status.
|
['Adult', 'Communication', 'Critical Care', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Emotions', 'Family', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Israel', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Patient Participation', 'Professional-Family Relations', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Tertiary Care Centers']
| 31,263,010
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.470'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.620', 'F01.145.488.887.500.620', 'N02.421.143.212.300', 'N03.540.245.360.300', 'N05.300.150.800.500.620'], ['F01.829.401.550'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['N02.278.421.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression and Activation in Human Atherosclerosis.
|
BACKGROUND: The NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an interleukin (IL)-1â and IL-18 cytokine processing complex that is activated in inflammatory conditions. The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction is not fully understood.METHODS AND RESULTS: Atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed for transcripts of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and for IL-1â release. The Swedish First-ever myocardial Infarction study in Ac-county (FIA) cohort consisting of DNA from 555 myocardial infarction patients and 1016 healthy individuals was used to determine the frequency of 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the downstream regulatory region of NLRP3. Expression of NLRP3, Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), caspase-1 (CASP1), IL1B, and IL18 mRNA was significantly increased in atherosclerotic plaques compared to normal arteries. The expression of NLRP3 mRNA was significantly higher in plaques of symptomatic patients when compared to asymptomatic ones. CD68-positive macrophages were observed in the same areas of atherosclerotic lesions as NLRP3 and ASC expression. Occasionally, expression of NLRP3 and ASC was also present in smooth muscle cells. Cholesterol crystals and ATP induced IL-1â release from lipopolysaccharide-primed human atherosclerotic lesion plaques. The minor alleles of the variants rs4266924, rs6672995, and rs10733113 were associated with NLRP3 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells but not with the risk of myocardial infarction.CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate a possible role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its genetic variants in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
|
['Atherosclerosis', 'CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins', 'Caspase 1', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Inflammasomes', 'Interleukin-18', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein', 'Plaque, Atherosclerotic', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sweden', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 27,207,962
|
[['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['D12.644.360.024.131', 'D12.644.360.075.358', 'D12.776.157.057.006', 'D12.776.476.024.139', 'D12.776.476.075.358'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.550.100', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.550.100', 'D12.644.360.075.405.550.100', 'D12.776.476.075.405.550.100'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990.600', 'D23.125.300.110.990.600', 'D23.469.200.110.990.600', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990.500'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D05.500.224'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.518', 'D12.776.467.374.465.518', 'D23.529.374.465.518'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['D12.644.360.539.250'], ['C23.300.823'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Cloning and gene structure of the rod cGMP phosphodiesterase delta subunit gene (PDED) in man and mouse.
|
Rod-specific cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) is a key enzyme of the phototransduction cascade, and mutations in its catalytic subunits have been associated with retinal degenerative diseases. The bovine delta-subunit solubilises the normally membrane-bound PDE and is the only subunit expressed in extraocular tissues. We isolated the human and mouse orthologs, and found 78% identity at the DNA level and 98% identity at the protein level. The Caenorhabditis elegans homolog shows 69% identity at the protein level. The human PDED gene consisted of 5 exons spanning at least 30 kb of genomic DNA. Northern blot analysis showed a 1.3 kb transcript in human retina, heart, brain, placenta, liver, and skeletal muscle. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and radiation hybrid mapping localised the human PDED gene to chromosome 2q37. A preliminary screen of all 5 exons in 20 unrelated patients with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa revealed no PDED mutations.
|
["3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases", 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cattle', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Exons', 'Humans', 'Introns', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Species Specificity']
| 9,781,033
|
[['D08.811.277.352.640.155', 'D12.644.360.009', 'D12.776.476.009'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.393.183'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.365.795.600'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Treatment of malaria in north-eastern and south-eastern Nigeria: a population study of mefloquine, sulphadoxine, pyrimethamine combination (MSP) vs chloroquine (CQ).
|
In a population-based study involving 4019 patients in 20 peripheral health facilities in Nigeria, the outcome of presumptive malaria treatment with MSP was compared to that of CQ. The study was conducted between January 1995 and January 1996. Patients aged 6 months or more with a clinical diagnosis of malaria based on history of fever and axillary temperature > 37.5 degrees C were either treated with MSP (250 mg mefloquine, 500 mg sulphadoxine, and 25 mg pyrimethamine per tablet) or CQ (150 mg chloroquine base per tablet). The clinical cure rate was assessed by the disappearance of clinical signs and symptoms over a 7-day period. Tolerability was assessed by the incidence of adverse events (adverse drug reaction and intercurrent illness). The result shows that the clinical care rate of suspected malaria was 97.6% with MSP and 85.6% with CQ. The incidence of adverse event was 9.5% with MSP and 9.2% with CQ. The withdrawal rate was 2.0% with MSP and 5.0% with CQ; 3.5% of the patients in the CQ group withdrew due to adverse events compared to 0.47% with MSP. In conclusion it was observed that in addition to superior efficacy of MSP over CQ, fever clearance rate with MSP was comparable to that of CQ. The study also demonstrated that two tablets maximum dose of MSP is safe and effective in a large population of Nigeria malaria patients.
|
['Adult', 'Antimalarials', 'Chloroquine', 'Drug Combinations', 'Drug Resistance', 'Female', 'Fever', 'Humans', 'Malaria, Falciparum', 'Male', 'Mefloquine', 'Middle Aged', 'Nigeria', 'Prospective Studies', 'Pyrimethamine', 'Sulfadoxine', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,391,844
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['D03.633.100.810.050.180'], ['D26.310'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.752.530.650', 'C01.920.875.650'], ['D03.633.100.810.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D03.383.742.675'], ['D02.065.884.725.765', 'D02.092.146.807.765', 'D02.886.590.700.725.765'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Positive IgG Western blot for Borrelia burgdorferi in Colombia.
|
In order to evaluate the presence of specific IgG antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in patients with clinical manifestations associated with Lyme borreliosis in Cali, Colombia, 20 serum samples from patients with dermatologic signs, one cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample from a patient with chronic neurologic and arthritic manifestations, and twelve serum samples from individuals without clinical signs associated with Lyme borreliosis were analyzed by IgG Western blot. The results were interpreted following the recommendations of the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) for IgG Western blots. Four samples fulfilled the CDC criteria: two serum specimens from patients with morphea (localized scleroderma), the CSF from the patient with neurologic and arthritic manifestations, and one of the controls. Interpretation of positive serology for Lyme disease in non-endemic countries must be cautious. However these results suggest that the putative "Lyme-like" disease may correlate with positivity on Western blots, thus raising the possibility that a spirochete genospecies distinct from B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, or a Borrelia species other than B. burgdorferi sensu lato is the causative agent. Future work will focus on a survey of the local tick and rodent population for evidence of spirochete species that could be incriminated as the etiologic agent.
|
['Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Blotting, Western', 'Borrelia burgdorferi Group', 'Colombia', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Lyme Disease', 'Scleroderma, Localized']
| 10,446,009
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['B03.440.425.410.711.193.150', 'B03.851.595.193.150'], ['Z01.107.757.284'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['C01.150.252.400.536', 'C01.150.252.400.794.352.250', 'C01.920.930.513'], ['C17.300.787', 'C17.800.767']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Tumor heterogeneity and personalized cancer medicine: are we being outnumbered?
|
Tumor heterogeneity is regarded as a major obstacle to successful personalized cancer medicine. The lack of reliable response assays reflective of in vivo tumor heterogeneity and associated resistance mechanisms hampers identification of reliable biomarkers. By contrast, oncogene addiction and paracrine signaling enable systemic responses despite tumor heterogeneity. This strengthens researchers in their efforts towards personalized cancer medicine. Given the fact that tumor heterogeneity is an integral part of cancer evolution, diagnostic tools need to be developed in order to better understand the dynamics within a tumor. Ultra-deep sequencing may reveal future resistant clones within a (liquid) tumor biopsy. On-treatment biopsies may provide insight into intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Subsequently, upfront combinatorial treatment or sequential therapy strategies may forestall drug resistance and improve patient outcome. Finally, innovative response assays, such as organoid cultures or patient-derived tumor xenografts, provide an extra dimension to correlate molecular profiles with drug efficacy and control cancer growth.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms', 'Phenotype', 'Precision Medicine']
| 24,559,448
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D23.101.140'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['G05.695'], ['E02.782', 'H02.403.200.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of the Cobas Ampliprep/Cobas TaqMan HBV Test versus the Cobas Amplicor HBV monitor for HBV-DNA detection and quantification during antiviral therapy.
|
Performances of the new automatic system COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan 48 (CAP/CTM) (Roche, Branchburg, NJ) for HBV DNA extraction and real-time PCR quantification were assessed and compared with the endpoint PCR COBAS AMPLICOR HBV Monitor (CAHBM, Roche). Analytical evaluation with proficiency panels from UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme (UK NEQAS) over a 1-year period of distribution showed that CAP/CTM correctly measured HBV DNA levels with a close correlation between expected and observed values (r=0.995). Clinical evaluation as tested with samples from 11 HBsAg-positive patients undergoing antiviral therapy (71 serial specimens of plasma), demonstrated excellent correlation with CAHBM (r=0.958, mean difference in quantitation: 0.14 log, IU/ml), but CAP/CTM detected longer period of residual viremia. HBV DNA reduction was much higher in the combination schedule (Lamivudine+Adefovir), than in Adefovir monotherapy (5.1 vs. 3.5 logs). In conclusion, CAP/CTM allows for an accurate and standardized quantification of HBV DNA in high through-put laboratories. Due to it high sensitivity, it may further improve the detection of emerging drug resistance strains and the assessment of antiviral therapy.
|
['Adenine', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Automation', 'DNA, Viral', 'Hepatitis B Surface Antigens', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Hepatitis B, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Lamivudine', 'Organophosphonates', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Taq Polymerase']
| 18,437,839
|
[['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['J01.897.104'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.475'], ['B04.280.375.650.425', 'B04.450.390.650.425'], ['C01.221.250.500.100', 'C01.925.256.430.400.100', 'C01.925.440.435.100', 'C06.552.380.350.100', 'C06.552.380.705.437.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500.950.500', 'D13.570.230.329.950.500', 'D13.570.230.500.925.500', 'D13.570.685.245.500.950.500'], ['D02.705.429'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of high pressure homogenisation of milk on cheese yield and microbiology, lipolysis and proteolysis during ripening of Caciotta cheese.
|
The principal aim of this work was to compare Caciotta cheeses obtained from cow milk previously subjected to high pressure homogenisation (HPH) at 100 MPa with those produced from raw (R) or heat-treated (P) cow milk. HPH had both direct and indirect effects on cheese characteristics and their evolution during ripening. In particular, HPH treatment of milk induced a significant increase of the cheese yield; moreover, it affected the microbial ecology of both curd and cheese. Compared with the thermal treatment, the HPH treatment resulted in a decrease of about one log cfu/g of yeast and lactobacilli cell loads of the curd. The initial milk treatment also affected the evolution over time and the levels attained at the end of ripening of all the microbial groups studied. In fact, lactobacilli, microstaphylococci and yeast cell loads remained at lower levels in the cheeses obtained from HPH milk with respect to the other cheese types over the whole ripening period. Moreover, HPH of milk induced marked and extensive lipolysis. Cheeses from HPH milk showed the presence of high amounts of free fatty acids immediately after brining. The electrophoretic patterns of the different cheese types showed that Caciotta made from HPH-treated milk was characterized by a more extensive and faster proteolysis as well as a significant modification of its volatile molecule profile. The results obtained and the sensory analysis indicated that HPH treatment of milk was able to differentiate Caciotta cheese or to modify its ripening patterns.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cheese', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Fats', 'Female', 'Fermentation', 'Food Handling', 'Food Microbiology', 'Food Technology', 'Hydrostatic Pressure', 'Lipolysis', 'Milk', 'Milk Proteins', 'Taste', 'Time Factors']
| 16,476,182
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G07.203.200.500.444', 'G07.203.300.350.300.444', 'J02.350.500.444', 'J02.500.350.300.444'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['D10.212'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['J01.576.423.850'], ['G01.374.715.352'], ['G02.111.534', 'G03.458.500'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['A12.790.520', 'D12.776.256.159.750', 'G07.203.300.428.159.812', 'J02.500.350.525.520', 'J02.500.428.159.750'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Nucleotide sequence of the large terminal repeat of two different strains of gibbon ape leukemia virus.
|
Gibbon ape leukemia virus, SEATO strain (GaLV-SEATO), a virus that induces myeloid leukemia in gibbon apes, and GaLV, San Francisco strain (GaLV-SF), a virus associated etiologically with lymphocytic leukemia in gibbon apes, have been molecularly cloned. The complete nucleotide sequence of the large terminal repeats (LTRs) of both viruses are reported and compared to the previously published nucleotide sequence of the LTR of another member of the same virus group, the simian sarcoma virus (SSV). Substantial homology is evident among all three LTR sequences. The most striking feature of the GaLV-SEATO LTR is the presence of a 45-bp tandem direct repeat in the U3 region, an area likely to contain transcriptional enhancers. Both GaLV-SEATO and GaLV-SF contain a deletion in U3 when compared to SSV. Each of the three LTRs differ from the other two by short deletions in R-U5 and short additions in U3, as well as by numerous point mutations. The possibility that the structural changes observed in the LTR contribute to the differences in the pathogenic effects of these viruses is discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Viral', 'Genes, Viral', 'Hylobates', 'Leukemia, Lymphoid', 'Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Retroviridae', 'Species Specificity']
| 6,474,832
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.420.390'], ['C04.557.337.428', 'C15.604.515.560', 'C20.683.515.528'], ['G02.111.570.080.708', 'G05.360.080.708'], ['B04.613.807', 'B04.820.650'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Flow cytometric method for quantifying viable Mycoplasma agassizii, an agent of upper respiratory tract disease in the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii).
|
AIMS: Mycoplasma agassizii can cause upper respiratory tract disease in the threatened desert tortoise of the Southwestern United States. Two technical challenges have impeded critical microbiological studies of this microorganism: (i) its small size limits the use of light microscopy for cell counting and (ii) its extremely slow growth in broth and agar cultures impedes colony counting. Our aim was to develop a rapid and sensitive flow cytometric method using a vital fluorescent dye to enumerate viable M. agassizii cells.METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we demonstrate that the nonfluorescent molecule 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-CF) diacetate acetoxymethyl ester penetrates M. agassizii cell membranes and it is converted in the cytoplasm to the fluorescent molecule 5-CF by the action of intracellular esterases. Labelled mycoplasma cells can be easily detected by flow cytometry, and cultures with as few as 100 viable mycoplasma cells ml(-1) can be labelled and counted in less than 1 h. Experiments using temperature-induced cell death demonstrated that only viable M. agassizii cells are labelled with this procedure.CONCLUSIONS: A rapid and sensitive flow cytometric technique has been developed for enumerating viable M. agassizii cells.SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This technique should facilitate basic immunological, biochemical and pharmacological studies of this important pathogen which may lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
|
['Animals', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Fluoresceins', 'Mycoplasma', 'Mycoplasma Infections', 'Respiratory Tract Diseases', 'Southwestern United States', 'Turtles']
| 20,132,436
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553'], ['C01.150.252.400.610.610'], ['C08'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.848']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Comparison of first trimester, second trimester and integrated Down's syndrome screening results in unaffected pregnancies.
|
Our aim was to compare the results of first trimester combined test, second trimester triple test, and integrated test in the same pregnant population. We retrospectively studied 927 women, all giving birth to an unaffected baby except for two cases of Down's syndrome. The women underwent a nuchal translucency ultrasound measurement and a blood sampling for pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and free beta-hCG subunit (free total chorionic gonadotropin subunit) assay in the first trimester of pregnancy. A second trimester biochemical screening (alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated oestriol and total hCG) was performed later. The correlations between each pair of markers and between each marker level and maternal age were calculated. No marker showed significant correlation with any other or with maternal age, with the obvious exception of free beta-hCG subunit and total hCG. The false-positive rate (cut-off level: 1 in 350 at term) was 1.5% for the first trimester test, 3.6% for the second trimester test and 0.54% for the integrated test. In 10/14 pregnancies, the increased risk in the first trimester was not confirmed neither in the second trimester nor by the integrated test. In 29/33 women with an increased risk in the second trimester, the first trimester and the integrated test results were discordant. The absence of correlation among different marker levels suggests that the information supplied by the first and second trimester tests is different. Integrating first and second trimester markers in a single test could pose the ethical problem of withholding first trimester results and thus denying the possible advantages of an earlier pregnancy termination.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Down Syndrome', 'Estriol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Second', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'alpha-Fetoproteins']
| 12,211,655
|
[['D23.101'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['C10.597.606.360.220', 'C16.131.077.327', 'C16.131.260.260', 'C16.320.180.260'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.331', 'D06.472.334.851.437.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.408'], ['G08.686.707.490'], ['E01.370.378.630'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['D12.776.124.790.106.092', 'D12.776.320.525.500', 'D12.776.377.228.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.092', 'D23.101.140.050']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A pilot program for limited english proficiency high school immigrant students.
|
Limited English proficiency immigrant students have a high risk of dropping out of high school, resulting in significantly restricted employment opportunities. At the same time, the nursing profession is desperately in need of increased ethnic diversity in the workforce to better serve its diverse patient population. Recognizing both of these situations, a group of nursing students from Emory University's Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing created a pilot program to introduce a group of limited English proficiency immigrant students to the field of nursing.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attitude', 'Career Choice', 'Cultural Diversity', 'Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate', 'Emigrants and Immigrants', 'Georgia', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'Multilingualism', 'Nursing Education Research', 'Pilot Projects', 'Program Development', 'Program Evaluation', 'Remedial Teaching', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Student Dropouts', 'Students', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 17,828,019
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100'], ['F02.463.785.373.346.400'], ['I01.076.201.450.350', 'I01.880.853.100.450'], ['I02.358.462.316'], ['M01.189'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.250', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.370'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.559.423.452'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.413', 'H02.478.395.413', 'I02.358.462.612', 'N04.590.233.508.613.413'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['N04.452.760'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['F02.784.629.709', 'I02.903.694'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['F02.784.629.796', 'M01.848.602'], ['M01.848'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Systematic investigations of peak distortions due to additives in supercritical fluid chromatography.
|
The impact of eluent components added to improve separation performance in supercritical fluid chromatography was systematically, and fundamentally, investigated. The model system comprised basic pharmaceuticals as solutes and eluents containing an amine (i.e., triethylamine, diethylamine, or isopropylamine) as additive with MeOH as the co-solvent. First, an analytical-scale study was performed, systematically investigating the impact of the additives/co-solvent on solute peak shapes and retentions, using a design of experiments approach; here, the total additive concentration in the eluent ranged between 0.021 and 0.105 % (v/v) and the MeOH fraction in the eluent between 16 and 26 % (v/v). The co-solvent fraction was found to be the most efficient tool for adjusting retentions, whereas the additive fraction was the prime tool for improving column efficiency and peak analytical performance. Next, the impacts of the amine additives on the shapes of the so-called overloaded solute elution profiles were investigated. Two principal types of preparative peak deformations appeared and were investigated in depth, analyzed using computer simulation with mechanistic modeling. The first type of deformation was due to the solute eluting too close to the additive perturbation peak, resulting in severe peak deformation caused by co-elution. The second type of deformation was also due to additive-solute interactions, but here the amine additives acted as kosmotropic agents, promoting the multilayer adsorption to the stationary phase of solutes with bulkier aryl groups.
|
['Adsorption', 'Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid', 'Computer Simulation', 'Diethylamines', 'Ethylamines', 'Propylamines', 'Solvents']
| 32,204,879
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['E05.196.181.750'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D02.092.471.302'], ['D02.092.471'], ['D02.092.831'], ['D27.720.844']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neurological symptoms and signs in Beh?et disease: a Western Turkey experience.
|
AIM: To assess the clinical patterns of neurologic involvement and the frequencies and characteristics of different types of headaches in patients with Beh?et disease.METHODS: Total 530 patients with Beh?et disease were evaluated for the presence of neurologic involvement and/or headache.RESULTS: Of the 54 patients (10.2%) with neurological involvement, 36 (66.7%) had parenchymal and 16 (29%) had vascular involvement. There was a patient with optic neuropathy and another patient with peripheral nerve involvement. There were 46 patients (8.7%) with headache without any evidence of neurological involvement and 25 of them (4.7%) were diagnosed with migraine.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of neurologic involvement in our group was higher than the studies published previously from the same country. Migraine prevalence on the other hand was low.
|
['Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Behcet Syndrome', 'Female', 'Headache', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Turkey', 'Young Adult']
| 21,532,383
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['C07.465.075', 'C11.941.879.780.880.200', 'C14.907.940.100', 'C16.320.382.250', 'C17.800.827.368.250', 'C17.800.862.150'], ['C23.888.592.612.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Circulating collagen metabolites, myocardial fibrosis and heart failure in aortic valve stenosis.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Myocardial fibrosis predisposes to heart failure in aortic valve stenosis. The study aim was to determine the value of: (i) circulating collagen metabolites as biomarkers of left ventricular fibrosis and heart failure in aortic stenosis; and (ii) myocardial fibrosis as a predictor of postoperative outcome.METHODS: Among a total of 132 patients (mean age 68 +/- 10 years) with severe aortic stenosis, measurements were made of circulating N-terminal propeptide of procollagen I (PINP), C-terminal telopeptide of collagen I (CITP) and N-terminal propeptide of procollagen III (PIIINP). Cardiac catheterization, echocardiography and a 6-min walk test were also performed. The aorta-to-coronary sinus concentration gradients of collagen metabolites were determined in 45 patients. Patients free from coronary artery disease (n = 85) underwent left ventricular biopsies for the assessment of myocardial fibrosis, one-year postoperative echocardiography and a 6-min walk test, and a long-term follow up for mortality.RESULTS: Neither peripheral collagen metabolites nor their transcardiac concentration gradients correlated with the extent of myocardial fibrosis. PIIINP demonstrated a net release from the heart, while PINP and CITP showed consistent falls in transcardiac concentrations that suggested extraction rather than release by the heart. Peripheral PIIINP correlated directly with the pulmonary wedge pressure (r = 0.50, p < 0.001) and inversely with the left ventricular ejection fraction (r = -0.40, p = 0.00001) and 6-min walk (r = -0.29, p = 0.001). Similar associations with heart failure were found for CITP, but not for PINP. One-year postoperative changes in exercise capacity and left ventricular mass and function were independent of myocardial fibrosis, as was mortality over a median of 8.8 years.CONCLUSION: Circulating collagen metabolites are not reliable surrogate measures of myocardial fibrosis in aortic stenosis, despite CITP and PIIINP being associated strongly with heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. The results of surgery, including long-term survival, appear independent of the extent of myocardial fibrosis.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Biomarkers', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Collagen Type I', 'Female', 'Fibrosis', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardium', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Peptides', 'Procollagen']
| 23,798,204
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.280.484.048.750', 'C14.280.955.249'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.100', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.100'], ['C23.550.355'], ['C14.280.434'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.644'], ['D12.776.811.690', 'D12.776.860.300.250.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The gap junction blocker carbenoxolone attenuates nociceptive behavior and medullary dorsal horn central sensitization induced by partial infraorbital nerve transection in rats.
|
Glial cells are being increasingly implicated in mechanisms underlying pathological pain, and recent studies suggest glial gap junctions involving astrocytes may contribute. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a gap junction blocker, carbenoxolone (CBX), on medullary dorsal horn (MDH) nociceptive neuronal properties and facial mechanical nociceptive behavior in a rat trigeminal neuropathic pain model involving partial transection of the infraorbital nerve (p-IONX). p-IONX produced facial mechanical hypersensitivity reflected in significantly reduced head withdrawal thresholds that lasted for more than 3weeks. p-IONX also produced central sensitization in MDH nociceptive neurons that was reflected in significantly increased receptive field size, reduction of mechanical activation threshold, and increases in noxious stimulation-evoked responses. Intrathecal CBX treatment significantly attenuated the p-IONX-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and the MDH central sensitization parameters, compared to intrathecal vehicle treatment. These results provide the first documentation that gap junctions may be critically involved in orofacial neuropathic pain mechanisms.
|
['Animals', 'Carbenoxolone', 'Facial Pain', 'Gap Junctions', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Male', 'Neuralgia', 'Pain Measurement', 'Posterior Horn Cells', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 24,239,671
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.849.919.530.444.250'], ['C23.888.592.612.330'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.471'], ['E02.319.267.530.580'], ['C10.668.829.600', 'C23.888.592.612.664'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['A08.186.854.697.500', 'A08.675.650.675', 'A11.671.650.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cold ischaemia, innate immunity and deterioration of the glomerular filtration barrier in antibody-mediated acute rejection.
|
BACKGROUND: In renal transplantation, cold ischaemia (CI) determines acute rejection through innate immunity among others. Acute rejection episodes are a risk factor for late allograft dysfunction and proteinuria. This implies some alteration of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). Besides its effects on acute rejection, we hypothesized that CI might somehow damage the GFB being directly responsible for late proteinuria.METHODS: On rat kidney allografts suffering from antibody-mediated acute rejection with or without CI and compared with syngeneic grafts, we quantified the gene expression of innate and adaptive immune mediators and assessed the capillary glomerular basement membranes (CapBM) by immunostaining collagen-IV (ColIV). ColIV was also assessed in equivalent groups from a previous chronic study followed up for 24 weeks.RESULTS: CI up-regulated enzymes critical in the stabilization of collagen chains, increasing ColIV deposition and thickening the CapBM. CI increased the C4d and IgG deposits within grafts, amplified innate immunity (heat shock protein 70, fibronectin, Toll-like-receptor-4 and MyD88) and synergized with alloreactivity in triggering adaptive response through CD40.CONCLUSIONS: Initial CI increased the ColIV deposition in CapBM, damaging the GFB and being responsible for part of the proteinuria associated with late allograft dysfunction. This deterioration of the GFB is related to the early innate immunity activation and subsequent up-regulation of CD40 in acute rejected grafts. In chronic rejected allografts, thickened CapBM may be a consequence of an unresolved immune-inflammatory response worsened by CI.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adaptive Immunity', 'Animals', 'Cold Ischemia', 'Collagen Type IV', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gene Expression', 'Glomerular Filtration Barrier', 'Graft Rejection', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Isoantibodies', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred BN', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Transplantation, Isogeneic']
| 22,555,253
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['G12.450.050'], ['B01.050'], ['E04.936.337', 'E05.760.833.445'], ['D12.776.860.300.250.400.100'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G05.297'], ['A05.810.453.324.359.372', 'A05.810.453.736.520.372', 'A07.500'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['G12.450.564'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.664', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.664', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.664'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['D12.644.360.024.311', 'D12.776.157.057.074', 'D12.776.476.024.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.110', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.400'], ['E04.936.864'], ['E04.936.864.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dynamic contrast enhanced MR imaging for evaluation of angiogenesis of hepatocellular nodules in liver cirrhosis in N-nitrosodiethylamine induced rat model.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate whether dynamic contrast -enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) can distinguish the type of liver nodules in a rat model with N-nitrosodiethylamine- induced cirrhosis.METHODS: Liver nodules in cirrhosis were induced in 60 male Wistar rats via 0.01 % N-nitrosodiethylamine in the drinking water for 35-100 days. The nodules were divided into three groups: regenerative nodule (RN), dysplastic nodule (DN), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DCE-MRI was performed, and parameters including transfer constant (Ktrans), rate constant (Kep), extravascular extracellular space volume fraction (Ve), and initial area under the contrast concentration versus time curve (iAUC) were measured and compared.RESULTS: The highest Ktrans and iAUC values were seen in HCC, followed by DN and RN (all P < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for DN and HCC were 0.738 and 0.728 for Ktrans and iAUC, respectively. The AUROC for HCC were 0.850 and 0.840 for Ktrans and iAUC, respectively. Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that Ktrans had a high goodness of fit (0.970, 95 % confidence interval, 13.751-24.958).CONCLUSION: DCE-MRI is a promising method to differentiate of liver nodules. Elevated Ktrans suggested that the nodules may be transformed into HCC.KEY POINTS: • DCE-MRI is promising for differentiating among RN, DN, and HCC • K trans and iAUC positively correlated with malignancy degree of liver nodules • Elevated K trans suggests that the nodules may be transformed into HCC.
|
['Angiography', 'Animals', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Contrast Media', 'Diethylnitrosamine', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'ROC Curve', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 27,488,851
|
[['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['D02.654.442.200'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E01.390.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Central foveal thickness before and after cataract surgery in normal and in diabetic patients without retinopathy.
|
BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate and compare central foveal thickness (CFT) changes after cataract surgery between normal and diabetic patients without retinopathy, using optical coherence tomography (OCT).PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-eight patients (49 patients with type 2 diabetes and 49 healthy controls, sex- and age-matched) undergoing phacoemulsification in one eye were included. The presence of retinopathy was an exclusion criterion. The OCT examination was performed preoperatively as well as one, three, six and twelve months postoperatively. CFT was evaluated and compared between groups.RESULTS: Preoperative CFT showed no significant difference between the two groups (normals: 205 ± 18 ìm vs. diabetics: 202 ± 23 ìm, p > 0.1). Postoperative CFT in diabetics at all time-points of the follow-up period was significantly increased when compared to controls (first month, normals: 215 ± 28 ìm vs. diabetics: 262 ± 33 ìm, p < 0.05; third month, normals: 211 ± 19 ìm vs. diabetics: 250 ± 27 ìm, p < 0.05; sixth month, normals: 208 ± 12 ìm vs. diabetics: 266 ± 13 ìm, p < 0.05; and twelfth month, normals: 209 ± 13 ìm vs. diabetics: 280 ± 11 ìm, p < 0.05). The incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME) was 4.0 % and 28.6 % for the control group and the diabetic group, respectively, at the end of the follow-up period (p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Eyes of diabetic patients without retinopathy present higher CFT and a higher incidence of CME after cataract surgery on OCT examination compared to eyes of healthy controls. This may explain the unsatisfactory visual acuity following cataract surgery in these patients.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cataract', 'Cataract Extraction', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Female', 'Fovea Centralis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Period', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prognosis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,495,998
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C11.510.245'], ['E04.540.825.249'], ['C19.246.099'], ['C11.768.257', 'C14.907.320.382', 'C19.246.099.500.382'], ['A09.371.729.522.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Impact of enhancements in the local effect model (LEM) on the predicted RBE-weighted target dose distribution in carbon ion therapy.
|
Biological optimization for treatment planning in carbon ion therapy is currently based on the first version of the local effect model (LEM I). Further developments implemented in the latest version (LEM IV) allowed to predict more accurately the Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) in-vitro. The main goal of this study is to compare the LEM IV against LEM I under treatment-like conditions for idealized target geometries. Therefore, physical dose distributions resulting from the biological optimization with LEM I were used to recalculate the RBE-weighted dose distribution based on LEM IV. Input parameters representing the clinical endpoints late toxicity in the central nervous system and the tumor control for chordoma were chosen to investigate the impact of changes on the predicted isoeffective dose levels. The recalculated RBE-weighted dose distributions show an increase within the target region, and the mean RBE-weighted dose values are dependent on the geometry and decrease with increasing target dimension. The differences between predictions of LEM IV and LEM I are less than 10% for typical tumor volumes treated in the pilot project at GSI. Median RBE-weighted doses predicted by LEM IV in the target region are consistent with clinically observed dose-response behavior as demonstrated by comparison to the 5-year local control curve for skull base chordoma.
|
['Carbon', 'Humans', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'Relative Biological Effectiveness']
| 23,075,883
|
[['D01.268.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E02.950.825', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.608'], ['N06.850.810.250.275']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Are routine clinical chemistry analyses 'in control' according to Shewhart's technique?
|
The clinical laboratory routinely uses quality control (QC) procedures. The Shewhart technique of charting control data, introduced in 1950, is usually applied in a much simplified manner. This reduces its power to distinguish between random errors and errors due to assignable causes. In a comparison of one of our routine charting procedures with a correct Shewhart procedure we checked 23 chemical tests. We found that using the latter 'a stable system of chance causes' did not exist for 6 tests. Both control procedures agreed well on the evaluation of reproducibility. For three of the tests, albumin, urea and uric acid, the instability was not detected by the routine procedure. Although charting of group means (mean i) and ranges (Ri) more readily detected instability, it did not lead to a negation of the practical utility of our patient data.
|
['Diagnostic Tests, Routine', 'Humans', 'Quality Control', 'Reference Values']
| 4,059,723
|
[['E01.370.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.897.608'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pandemic influenza and major disease outbreak preparedness in US emergency departments: A selected survey of emergency health professionals.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of pandemic preparedness at emergency departments (EDs) around the country and to better understand current barriers to preparedness in the United States represented by health professionals in the American College of Emergency Physician (ACEP) Disaster Medicine Section (DMS). Methods, design, and setting: A cross-sectional survey of ACEP DMS members was performed. A total of 300 members were surveyed both via e-mail and with paper surveys during the 2009 ACEP Scientific Assembly DMS Meeting. An optional comments section was included for section members' perspectives on barriers to preparedness. A 15-item pandemic preparedness score was calculated for each respondent based on key preparedness indicators as defined by the authors. Results were analyzed with descriptive statistics, ÷2 analysis, Cochran-Armitage trend test, and analysis of variance. Free text comments were coded and subjected to frequency-based analysis.RESULTS: A total of 92 DMS members completed the survey with a response rate of 31 percent. Although 85 percent of those surveyed indicated that their hospital had a plan for pandemic influenza response and other infectious disease threats, only 68 percent indicated that their ED had a plan, and 52 percent indicated that their hospital or ED had conducted disaster preparedness drills. Only 57 percent indicated that there was a plan to augment ED staff in the event of a staffing shortage, and 63 percent indicated that there were adequate supplies of personal protective equipment. While 63 percent of respondents indicated that their ED had a plan for distribution of vaccines and antivirals, only 32 percent of EDs had a plan for allocation of ventilators. A total of 42 percent of respondents felt that their ED was prepared in the event of a pandemic influenza or other disease outbreak, and only 35 percent felt that their hospital was prepared. The average pandemic preparedness score among respondents was 8.30 of a total of 15. Larger EDs were more likely to have a higher preparedness score (p = 0.03) and more likely to have a pandemic preparedness plan (p = 0.037). Some major barriers to preparedness cited by section members included lack of local administration support, challenges in funding, need for dedicated disaster preparedness personnel, staffing shortages, and a lack of communication among disaster response agencies, particularly at the federal level.CONCLUSIONS: There appear to be significant gaps in pandemic influenza and other infectious disease outbreak planning among the hospitals where ACEP DMS members work. This may reflect a broader underlying inadequacy of preparedness measures.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Disaster Planning', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Humans', 'Influenza, Human', 'Pandemics', 'Physicians', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States']
| 32,803,746
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N06.230.100.035'], ['N06.850.290'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['N06.850.290.200.600'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Permanent transvenous left ventricular endocardial pacing in a patient with univentricular atrioventricular connection.
|
Chronotropic incompetence is associated with poorer effort tolerance and worse mortality outcomes, not only in the general cardiac population but also in patients with congenital heart disease. When present in complex patients, pacing options may be limited by difficult pacing access, and an open surgical approach for epicardial lead placement may not always be desirable. We describe a case of symptomatic chronotropic incompetence in a patient with tricuspid atresia, valvar and subpulmonary stenosis, normally related great vessels, and a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, awaiting cardiac transplantation, whom we palliated with a transvenous endocardial pacing strategy. This technique may provide an alternative pacing strategy for highly selected patients, where few other treatment options are available.
|
['Adult', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Cardiac Pacing, Artificial', 'Electrocardiography', 'Endocardium', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Palliative Care', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,545,465
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['E02.331.200'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['A07.541.207'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Rapidly developing multimorbidity and disability in older adults: does social background matter?
|
BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity is among the most disabling geriatric conditions. In this study, we explored whether a rapid development of multimorbidity potentiates its impact on the functional independence of older adults, and whether different sociodemographic factors play a role beyond the rate of chronic disease accumulation.METHODS: A random sample of persons aged ?60 years (n = 2387) from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) was followed over 6 years. The speed of multimorbidity development was estimated as the rate of chronic disease accumulation (linear mixed models) and further dichotomized into the upper versus the three lower rate quartiles. Binomial negative mixed models were used to analyse the association between speed of multimorbidity development and disability (impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living), expressed as the incidence rate ratio (IRR). The effect of sociodemographic factors, including sex, education, occupation and social network, was investigated.RESULTS: The risk of new activity impairment was higher among participants who developed multimorbidity faster (IRR 2.4, 95% CI 1.9-3.1) compared with those who accumulated diseases more slowly overtime, even after considering the baseline number of chronic conditions. Only female sex (IRR for women vs. men 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.0) and social network (IRR for poor vs. rich social network 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2) showed an effect on disability beyond the rate of chronic disease accumulation.CONCLUSIONS: Rapidly developing multimorbidity is a negative prognostic factor for disability. However, sociodemographic factors such as sex and social network may determine older adults' reserves of functional ability, helping them to live independently despite the rapid accumulation of chronic conditions.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chronic Disease', 'Disabled Persons', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multimorbidity', 'Sampling Studies', 'Sex Factors', 'Social Networking', 'Sweden', 'Time Factors']
| 29,415,323
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['M01.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N05.715.350.225.500', 'N06.850.490.687.500'], ['E05.318.372.875', 'N05.715.360.330.875', 'N06.850.520.450.875'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['L01.143.910'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Teratogenic and goitrogenic activity of propineb and propylenethiourea in the rat].
|
The teratogenic and goitrogenic effects of Propineb, dithiocarbamate pesticide and Propylenthiourea (PLTU), its metabolite and degradation product have been studied. The aim of this study was to show the possible correlation between the two activities. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with Propineb and PLTU starting from 6th to 16th day of pregnancy. The functional state of maternal and foetal thyroid, the toxicity of products versus dams and embryotoxic and teratogenic effects were examined. The observed goitrogenic effect may be compared to that reported in the previous studies of the authors, if considering time of sacrifice. In fact, the lesion quickly rises and as rapidly regresses when treatment is stopped. The foetal thyroid has not been affected by the product administered to the dams. PLTU showed a clear teratogenic activity at doses that did not show any maternal toxicity (45 and 90 mg/k).
|
['Animals', 'Antithyroid Agents', 'Female', 'Fungicides, Industrial', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Teratogens', 'Thiocarbamates', 'Thiourea', 'Zineb']
| 2,581,594
|
[['B01.050'], ['D06.347.100', 'D27.505.696.399.450.100'], ['D27.720.031.700.288', 'D27.888.723.288'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D27.888.569.864'], ['D02.241.081.251.869', 'D02.886.706'], ['D02.065.950.898', 'D02.886.904'], ['D02.241.081.251.869.265.908', 'D02.691.975', 'D02.886.706.250.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of a myeloid intrathymic pathway of dendritic cell development marked by expression of the granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor receptor.
|
In this study, the finding that a significant proportion of all dendritic cells (DCs) resident in vivo in the human postnatal thymus displayed a myeloid-related phenotype prompted us to re-examine the developmental origin of thymic DCs, a cell type hitherto considered to represent a homogeneous lymphoid-derived population. We show here that these novel intrathymic DCs are truly myeloid, as they arise from CD34(+) early thymic progenitors through CD34(lo) intermediates which have lost the capacity to generate T cells, but display myelomonocytic differentiation potential. We also demonstrate that phenotypically and functionally equivalent myeloid precursors devoid of T-cell potential do exist in vivo in the postnatal thymus. Moreover, although interleukin 7 (IL-7) supports the generation of such myeloid intermediates, we show that their developmental branching from the main intrathymic T-cell pathway is linked to the up-regulation of the myelomonocytic granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor, to the down-regulation of the IL-7 receptor and to the lack of pre-T-cell receptor alpha (pTalpha) gene transcriptional activation. Taken together, these data challenge the current view that the thymus is colonized by a lymphoid-restricted progenitor and provide evidence that a more immature precursor population with lymphoid and myelomonocytic potential is actually seeding the human postnatal thymus.
|
['Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, CD34', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Lineage', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes, T-Cell Receptor alpha', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Myeloid Progenitor Cells', 'Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Receptors, Interleukin-7', 'Thymus Gland', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 11,929,786
|
[['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.134', 'D23.101.100.110.134'], ['D23.101'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.172', 'G07.345.500.325.180.500', 'G08.686.155', 'G08.686.784.170.104.249'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.475.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['A11.148.378.590', 'A11.627.635', 'A11.872.378.590', 'A15.378.316.378.590'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.150.310', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.200.420'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.420'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Accuracy of simple plain radiographic signs and measures to diagnose acute scapholunate ligament injuries of the wrist.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of common radiological indices for diagnosing ruptures of the scapholunate (SL) ligament, the most relevant soft tissue injury of the wrist.METHODS: This was a prospective diagnostic accuracy study with independent verification of index test findings by a reference standard (wrist arthroscopy). Bilateral digital radiographs in posteroanterior (pa), lateral and Stecher's projection were evaluated by two independent expert readers. Diagnostic accuracy of radiological signs was expressed as sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values with 95 % confidence intervals (CI).RESULTS: The prevalence of significant acute SL tears (grade ? III according to Geissler's classification) was 27/72 (38 %, 95 % CI 26-50 %). The SL distance on Stecher's projection proved the most accurate index to rule the presence of an SL rupture in and out. SL distance on plain pa radiographs, Stecher's projection and the radiolunate angle contributed independently to the final diagnostic model. These three simple indices explained 97 % of the diagnostic variance.CONCLUSIONS: In the era of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, plain radiographs remain a highly sensitive and specific primary tool to triage patients with a suspected SL tear to further diagnostic work-up and surgical care.KEY POINTS: • Scapholunate ligament (SL) lesions are the most relevant soft tissue wrist injuries. • Missed and untreated SL ruptures can cause painful and disabling post-traumatic wrist osteoarthritis. • Reliable threshold values of radiographic indices should prompt further imaging or surgical care. • Plain radiographs deliver conclusive clinical information if certain hand positions are used.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ligaments, Articular', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Observer Variation', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiography', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Wrist Injuries', 'Wrist Joint', 'Young Adult']
| 25,981,221
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.513.514', 'A02.835.583.512', 'A10.165.669.514'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C26.088.906'], ['A02.835.583.405.930'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pose prediction and virtual screening performance of GOLD scoring functions in a standardized test.
|
The performance of all four GOLD scoring functions has been evaluated for pose prediction and virtual screening under the standardized conditions of the comparative docking and scoring experiment reported in this Edition. Excellent pose prediction and good virtual screening performance was demonstrated using unmodified protein models and default parameter settings. The best performing scoring function for both pose prediction and virtual screening was demonstrated to be the recently introduced scoring function ChemPLP. We conclude that existing docking programs already perform close to optimally in the cognate pose prediction experiments currently carried out and that more stringent pose prediction tests should be used in the future. These should employ cross-docking sets. Evaluation of virtual screening performance remains problematic and much remains to be done to improve the usefulness of publically available active and decoy sets for virtual screening. Finally we suggest that, for certain target/scoring function combinations, good enrichment may sometimes be a consequence of 2D property recognition rather than a modelling of the correct 3D interactions.
|
['Algorithms', 'Binding Sites', 'Computer Simulation', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Proteins', 'Software', 'Solutions']
| 22,371,207
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.776'], ['L01.224.900'], ['D26.776']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An approximate likelihood for genetic data under a model with recombination and population splitting.
|
We describe a new approximate likelihood for population genetic data under a model in which a single ancestral population has split into two daughter populations. The approximate likelihood is based on the 'Product of Approximate Conditionals' likelihood and 'copying model' of Li and Stephens [Li, N., Stephens, M., 2003. Modeling linkage disequilibrium and identifying recombination hotspots using single-nucleotide polymorphism data. Genetics 165 (4), 2213-2233]. The approach developed here may be used for efficient approximate likelihood-based analyses of unlinked data. However our copying model also considers the effects of recombination. Hence, a more important application is to loosely-linked haplotype data, for which efficient statistical models explicitly featuring non-equilibrium population structure have so far been unavailable. Thus, in addition to the information in allele frequency differences about the timing of the population split, the method can also extract information from the lengths of haplotypes shared between the populations. There are a number of challenges posed by extracting such information, which makes parameter estimation difficult. We discuss how the approach could be extended to identify haplotypes introduced by migrants.
|
['Likelihood Functions', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Population Dynamics', 'Recombination, Genetic']
| 19,362,099
|
[['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['G05.348.500'], ['E05.599'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['G05.728']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Further studies on liver glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II. Activity in mice bearing sarcoma 180 and L1210 leukemia.
|
Determinations were made of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II acitivity in the liver of mice (BDF1 and DBA2 strains) bearing sarcoma 180 and L1210 leukemia in ascites form. A progressive decrease in the both glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II activities to about 40--60% of that of the control groups was observed within the developing period 8--9 days. Test results are interpreted in the light of the postulated role of this enzyme system in cell division and in the tumor development process.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Glutathione', 'Lactoylglutathione Lyase', 'Leukemia L1210', 'Liver', 'Lyases', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Sarcoma 180', 'Thiolester Hydrolases', 'Time Factors']
| 692,805
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D08.811.520.300.500'], ['C04.557.337.372.594', 'C04.619.531.594'], ['A03.620'], ['D08.811.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['C04.557.450.795.830.780', 'C04.619.857.656'], ['D08.811.277.352.897'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of monohydroxylated metabolites of cannabidiol formed by rat liver.
|
Cannabidiol (CBD) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver enzymes. Unchanged CBD and eight monohydroxylated metabolites were isolated and positively identified. As previously reported, 7-hydroxy-CBD was the major metabolite. The second most abundant metabolite was 6alpha-hydroxy-CBD; whereas only a trace amount of 6beta-hydroxy-CBD was found. In addition hydroxylation occurred in all positions of the pentyl side chain, 4 inches-hydroxy-CBD being most abundant. 3 inches-Hydroxy-CBD was formed in half of the yield of 4 inches-hydroxy-CBD, while 1 inches-, 2 inches-, 5 inches-hydroxy-CBD were each formed in approximately one fourth of the yield of 4 inches-hydroxy-CBD.
|
['Animals', 'Cannabidiol', 'Cannabis', 'Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Hydroxylation', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Rats']
| 6,714
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.849.090.100'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.055.500'], ['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['G02.111.385', 'G02.607.348', 'G03.425'], ['E05.481'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.196.566'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Unprecedented forms of vanadium observed within the blood cells of Phallusia nigra using K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
|
Fits to the vanadium K-edge X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of five whole blood cell samples from the tunicate Phallusia nigra revealed unprecedented forms of intracellular vanadium. Endogenous vanadium was divided between the V(III) ion (74.2+/-5.1% of total V) and the vanadyl ion [V(IV)=O](2+) (25.2+/-5.4% of total V). The V(III) fraction included both [V(H(2)O)(6)](3+) (36.7+/-5.5%) modeled as VCl(3) in 1 M HCl, and three previously unprecedented chelated V(III) forms (37.5+/-4.6%). Two of these could be represented by the model ligand environments V(acetylacetonate)(3) (17.9+/-3.2%) and K(3)V(catecholate)(3) (13.1+/-4.7%), implying DOPA-like complexation. The third chelated form was represented by the 7-coordinate N(2)O(5) complex Na[V(edta)(H(2)O)] (8.0+/-1.8%). This coordination array, suggestive of a novel mononuclear V(III) protein site, contributed only to fits to samples 1, 2, 3 and 5, which were prepared in the presence of DTT. Endogenous V(IV) (25.2+/-5.4%) was principally modeled as VOCl(2) in 1 M HCl. EPR spectra (averages: A(parallel)=(1.842+/-0.006)x10(-2) cm(-1); A( perpendicular)=(0.718+/-0.007)x10(-2) cm(-1); g(parallel)=1.936+/-0.002; g( perpendicular)=1.990+/-0.001) confirmed the predominance of the aquated vanadyl ion. Blood cell sample five uniquely required the XAS spectrum of VOSO(4) in 0.1 M H(2)SO(4) solution (13.0%) and of [OV(V)(pivalate)(3)] (3.1%) to successfully fit the XAS pre-edge energy region. This endogenous V(V) signal is also unprecedented. These results are compared with those of analogous fits to the blood cells of Ascidia ceratodes and may support assignment of P. nigra to a different genus.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Cells', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Spectrum Analysis', 'Urochordata', 'Vanadium', 'X-Rays']
| 11,583,781
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.118', 'A15.145.229'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['E05.196.867'], ['B01.050.150.200.727', 'B01.050.500.272.727'], ['D01.268.556.920', 'D01.268.956.886', 'D01.552.544.920'], ['G01.358.500.505.970', 'G01.750.250.970', 'G01.750.750.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The arsenite oxidase genes (aroAB) in novel chemoautotrophic arsenite oxidizers.
|
Six novel bacterial strains were isolated from the environment which can oxidize arsenite [As(III)] to the less mobile form arsenate [As(V)] coupled to CO(2) fixation under either aerobic or denitrifying conditions. PCR primers were designed to the conserved molybdopterin domain of the large subunit of arsenite oxidase in order to identify the arsenite oxidase genes from these isolates. The amino acid sequences for the arsenite oxidases reported here were 72-74% identical to that of strain NT-26, the only previously reported autotrophic arsenite oxidizer. Indeed the autotrophic arsenite oxidase genes form a distinct phylogenetic group, separated from previously described heterotrophic arsenite oxidase genes, with the exception of the heterotroph Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The arsenite oxidase primers described here represent a powerful culture-independent tool to assess the diversity of arsenite oxidase genes in environmental bacteria.
|
['Agrobacterium tumefaciens', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Arsenites', 'Carbon Monoxide', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Phylogeny', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 17,257,587
|
[['B03.440.400.425.700.024.050', 'B03.660.050.662.024.500'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D01.075.050', 'D01.248.497.158.055'], ['D01.200.250', 'D01.362.200', 'D01.650.550.250'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D08.811.682'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.620.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The ectodermal dysplasia receptor represses the Lef-1/beta-catenin-dependent transcription independent of NF-kappaB activation.
|
EDAR plays a key role in the process of ectodermal differentiation via activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. We present evidence that EDAR also represses Lef-1/beta-catenin-dependent transcription and this ability is defective in EDAR mutants associated with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. While IKK1/IKKalpha and IKK2/IKKbeta are required for EDAR-induced NF-kappaB activation, they are dispensable for its ability to repress Lef-1/beta-catenin-dependent transcription. In contrast, NIK is not involved in EDAR-induced NF-kappaB activation or Lef-1/beta-catenin transcriptional repression. As Lef-1/beta-catenin pathway controls the expression of EDAR ligand, ectodysplasin-A (EDA), our results point to a negative feedback regulation of EDA-EDAR axis.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Ectodermal Dysplasia', 'Edar Receptor', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'I-kappa B Kinase', 'Luciferases', 'Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'NF-kappa B', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Receptors, Ectodysplasin', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Transfection', 'beta Catenin']
| 15,013,427
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.776.220'], ['D12.776.260'], ['C16.131.077.350', 'C16.131.831.350', 'C16.320.850.250', 'C17.800.804.350', 'C17.800.827.250'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.550', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.347.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.494', 'D12.644.360.361', 'D12.776.476.378'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['D12.776.260.730.500', 'D12.776.660.235.400.800.500', 'D12.776.664.235.400.800.500', 'D12.776.930.875.500'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.347'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G05.308.800'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pentacyclic triterpenes from Chrysobalanaceae species: cytotoxicity on multidrug resistant and sensitive leukemia cell lines.
|
Plants are known as important source in the search for new anti-cancer agents. Cytotoxicity-guided fractionation of leaves and fruits from Licania tomentosa Bench and leaves from Chrysobalanus icaco L. resulted in the isolation of betulinic, oleanolic and pomolic acids. These triterpenoids inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of K562, an erythroleukemia cell line. Most importantly, they also inhibited the proliferation of Lucena 1, a vincristine-resistant derivative of K562 that displays several multidrug resistance (MDR) characteristics. Taken together, our findings emphasize the anti-tumor activity of these triterpenes on leukemia cell lines and call attention to their potential as anti MDR agents.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Cell Division', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Humans', 'K562 Cells', 'Leukemia', 'Plant Extracts', 'Rosales', 'Triterpenes', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Vincristine']
| 12,565,171
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.510', 'A11.251.860.180.510', 'A11.443.240.497.480'], ['C04.557.337'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937'], ['D02.455.849.919'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Juvenile psoriasis in European and Asian children: similarities and differences.
|
BACKGROUND: The first manifestations of psoriasis begin in childhood in more than one-third of patients. However, epidemiological data of juvenile psoriasis are lacking.OBJECTIVES: To compare Dutch (NL group) and Singaporean (SG group) children with psoriasis with the aim of studying the characteristics of juvenile psoriasis and to highlight similarities and differences between these different ethnic groups.METHODS: Data were collected from 207 patients younger than 18 years diagnosed with psoriasis from Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands and the National Skin Centre, Singapore.RESULTS: A striking difference in familial distribution was found, with more Dutch children having an affected family member (73·3% vs. 13·6%). Presence of itch and triggering factors were more common among Dutch children (80% vs. 14·2% and 33·3% vs. 7·4%, respectively). However, both groups shared similar triggering factors like stress and infections. Other similarities included mean age at presentation (NL group 11·3 years; SG group 14·1 years) and gender ratio (NL group, M/F 1 : 1·1; SG group, M/F 1 : 1·4). Plaque psoriasis was the most common type in both cohorts while guttate and pustular psoriasis were rare. In both groups, the head, followed by the limbs, was the most common site involved. Similar proportions of children in both countries had nail involvement and psoriatic arthritis was rare.CONCLUSIONS: The disparity in familial distribution may point to genetic differences between the two groups. Further studies to evaluate this difference in familial distribution may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age of Onset', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Netherlands', 'Psoriasis', 'Risk Factors', 'Singapore']
| 21,418,172
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['C17.800.859.675'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.252.145.774']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Dialectic of the daily life of patients with chronic kidney failure: the unavoidable and the casual].
|
The objective of this study was to understand the social reality of patients' daily life with chronic renal failure in hemodialysis. To understand this phenomenon from the theoretical-methodological referential of the historic and dialectic materialism. The interviews were performed with 18 patients submitted to analysis of speech procedure revealing dialectics subjects. These subjects were analyzed regarding the categories: health-disease process; possibility x reality and need x casualness. These patients, considered hemodialysis as a treatment unavoidable and the transplant casual, thus, between this dialectic relationship there is the nursing which needs to extend its comprehension on thr arduous, sad, difficult and monotonous reality and the possibilities o transformation.
|
['Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Quality of Life', 'Renal Dialysis']
| 14,686,045
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of sources contributing to PM2.5 and ozone at elevated sites in the western U.S. by receptor analysis: Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, and Great Basin National Park, Nevada.
|
The proposed revision of the United States (US) air quality standard for ozone will result in violations in sparsely populated remote rural areas in the Western US. Replicating air quality as measured at surface monitoring sites by modeling is particularly difficult in this region due to complex terrain, poorly represented in regional and global models, and uncertainties in emission rates and timing at all scales (locally as well as hundreds to thousands of km upwind). As an alternative method, a fully empirical, receptor-based scheme using in situ aerosol composition and simple meteorological variables to simulate ozone (O3) measurements was tested and found to produce O3 simulation results comparable in uncertainty to regional modeling, and supporting trajectory-based identification of O3 source regions. This approach was tested using two widely-separated (650 km) high altitude (approx. 2 km above sea level) monitoring sites, Lassen Volcanic National Park, in northern California (LAVO) and Great Basin National Park in eastern Nevada (GRBA). Comparing correlations between observed O3 and aerosols, and examining back-trajectories associated with peak concentrations for the two sites permitted distinguishing among local, distant North American, and Asian sources of particulate matter (PM2.5) and O3. This analysis indicates that anthropogenic enhancement of O3 at LAVO is primarily due to transport from Asia. Asia is also the dominant source of anthropogenic O3 at GRBA in spring, but regional North American sources of O3 appear to drive additional ozone peaks in late summer and fall at this more interior site.
|
['Aerosols', 'Air Pollutants', 'Air Pollution', 'California', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Models, Chemical', 'Nevada', 'Ozone', 'Particulate Matter']
| 25,864,796
|
[['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['D27.888.284.101'], ['N06.850.460.100'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['E05.599.495'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.550'], ['D01.362.670.600'], ['D20.633']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Hyper-insulinemia increases the glutamate-excitotoxicity in cortical neurons: A mechanistic study.
|
Insulin resistance in type-2 diabetic condition increases the risk of stroke and cognitive deficits in which involvement of glutamate has been postulated. It has been hypothesized that hyper-insulinemia in cortical neurons increases the vulnerability towards glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. To mimic insulin resistance, cortical neurons were incubated with high insulin (1 µM) and high glucose (50 mM final concentration) in in-vitro condition for 24 h. Pre-treatment of cortical neurons with high insulin blocked acute insulin-induced activation of Akt and GSK-3â but not in the case of high glucose. Our results demonstrate that chronic high insulin exposure increases glutamate-induced excitotoxity, which was blocked by insulin receptor antagonist (S961) and GSK-3â inhibitor (SB216763). These inhibitors also ameliorated pAkt (Ser473) and pGSK-3â(Ser9) levels after chronic insulin exposure. Increase in glutamate-excitotoxicity in insulin-resistant cortical neurons was found to be associated with increased expression of PICK1. However, GluR2 did not get altered in hyper-insulinemia condition. This study demonstrates that hyper-insulinemia increases glutamate excitotoxicity which could be attributed to activation of GSK-3â and increased expression of PICK1.
|
['Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta', 'Indoles', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Maleimides', 'Models, Animal', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Neurons', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Peptides', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptor, Insulin', 'Receptors, AMPA', 'Signal Transduction']
| 30,017,861
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D12.776.220'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['D05.500.117.875.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.429.500.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.625.500', 'D12.644.360.300.500.500', 'D12.776.476.081.875.500', 'D12.776.476.300.500.500'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['D02.241.081.337.502.524', 'D02.478.440', 'D03.383.129.578.399'], ['E05.598'], ['G11.561.638'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.100'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nanopore analysis of amyloid fibrils formed by lysozyme aggregation.
|
The measurement of single particle size distributions of amyloid fibrils is crucial for determining mechanisms of growth and toxicity. Nanopore sensing is an attractive solution for this problem since it gives information on aggregates' shapes with relatively high throughput for a single particle technology. In this paper we study the translocation of lysozyme fibrils through quartz glass nanopores. We demonstrate that, under appropriate salt and pH conditions, lysozyme fibrils translocate through bare quartz nanopores without causing significant clogging. This enables us to measure statistics on tens of thousands of translocations of lysozyme fibrils with the same nanopore and track their development over a time course of aggregation spanning 24 h. Analysis of our events shows that the statistics are consistent with a simple bulk conductivity model for the passage of rods with a fixed cross sectional area through a conical glass nanopore.
|
['Amyloid', 'Muramidase', 'Nanopores']
| 25,994,201
|
[['D05.500.049', 'D12.776.049'], ['D08.811.277.450.642'], ['J01.637.512.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessing potential predisposition of elementary school children to heart disease.
|
Physical well-being has been designated a top priority for the children in the Clovis (California) Unified School District. In an effort to diminish coronary risk factors and encourage a healthy life style, a health assessment battery was developed for students in grades 1 through 6. The battery included measurements in height, weight, blood pressure, sit and reach flexibility, and skin-fold test for body fat composition. More than 5000 students were administered the tests by a health assessment team consisting of two nurses, three physical education resource teachers, and two clerical staff members. A random sample of 100 males and 100 females at each grade level was utilized for the statistical analysis. The correlation between body fat and weight was .80 (p v .05) in the fifth and sixth grades. Body fat was positively correlated with both systolic and diastolic measures of blood pressure. The coefficient averaged .21 (p v .05) over the 6 grades for systolic and .22 (p .05) over the 6 grades for diastolic blood pressure. Future plans call for the development of a longitudinal profile of students, as well as establishing district norms for the test battery.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Height', 'Body Weight', 'California', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Obesity']
| 6,925,092
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C14.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Recognition of carboxylate anions and carboxylic acids by selenium-based new chromogenic fluorescent sensor: a remarkable fluorescence enhancement of hindered carboxylates.
|
A selenium metal-based new fluorescence sensor 5-pivaloylamino-1,2,5-selenodiazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-7-(6H)-one (receptor 1) has been reported for the recognition of monocarboxylic acids and carboxylate anions both by UV-vis and fluorescence methods. Receptor 1 recognizes carboxylate anions more than monocarboxylic acids and it is a selective sensor for carboxylates with specially hindered carboxylate anions. The changes of fluorescence intensity are remarkably enhanced with red shift in presence of bulky carboxylate anions. The X-ray crystal structure of receptor 1 with pivalic acid has been reported.
|
['Carboxylic Acids', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Fluorescence', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Organoselenium Compounds']
| 19,728,733
|
[['D02.241'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.731']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risk factors and impact of orthopaedic monitoring on the outcome of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in adults with sickle cell disease: 215 patients case study with control group.
|
INTRODUCTION: Sickle cell disease is a public health problem. The WHO has recommended that global management be implemented to reduce mortality and morbidity. Since no comprehensive care programme for bone and joint complications exists, the Caribbean Sickle Cell Disease Center added orthopaedic consultation to screen for and monitor these complications in 1992.HYPOTHESIS: Comprehensive medical and surgical care of patients with sickle cell disease will reduce the complications and disability associated with this disease.POPULATIONS AND METHODS: Two populations were compared to evaluate the impact of comprehensive disease management on the occurrence of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head (femoral head AVN). The case-control series, [E-1994], included 115 patients (58 SS and 57 S) without orthopaedic monitoring and was evaluated retrospectively. The other patient series, [E-2008], included 215 patients (94 SS and 121 SC) with systematic orthopaedic care and was followed prospectively. Age, gender, duration of follow-up, haemoglobin levels, genotype, pain before treatment, associated humerus AVN and leg ulcers were analysed.RESULTS: Femoral head AVN occurred in young adult patients (35.3 ± 4 years for [E-1994] and 29 ± 3.4 years for [E-2008]). Only elevated haemoglobin levels were associated with the occurrence of femoral head AVN, which suggests that increased blood viscosity contributes to the condition ([E-1994], P<0.0001; [E-2008], P=0.001). Treatment in [E-2008] patients reduced the number of femoral head AVN cases from 36.5% in [E-1994] to 14.4% in [E-2008] (P<0.0001).DISCUSSION: The prevention and management of femoral head AVN must include medical treatment of the disease to reduce the occurrence of painful vaso-occlusive crises, which are known to trigger femoral head AVN. The effectiveness of this programme hinged on identifying risk factors and using simple approaches (hydration, pain medication, rest and crutches) to manage painful joint crises before femoral head AVN appeared. These approaches could be implemented in disadvantaged countries where sickle cell disease is prevalent.CONCLUSION: By knowing the risk factors, symptomatic patients who are at risk for femoral head AVN can be identified and additional evaluations can be performed early on in cases of hip pain.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Anemia, Sickle Cell', 'Caribbean Region', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Femur Head Necrosis', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Orthopedic Procedures', 'Prognosis', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution', 'Survival Rate', 'Time Factors', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Young Adult']
| 22,079,613
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.150', 'C15.378.420.155', 'C16.320.070.150', 'C16.320.365.155'], ['Z01.107.084'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['C05.116.852.175', 'C23.550.717.732.368'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.718', 'E04.555'], ['E01.789'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The stress on the anterior lens surface during human in vivo accommodation.
|
PURPOSE: To determine the qualitative change in stress on the lens capsule during in vivo human accommodation.METHODS: Nine subjects (mean age: 30 years; range: 25-38 years) were studied, each of whom had undergone a phakic refractive intraocular lens (PRL) surgical procedure. The change, during accommodation, of stress on the surface of the anterior lens capsule (ALS) was determined by employing high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). This was done by comparing the ratio of the intensity of the image from the anterior surface of the natural lens (ALS) to the images of the anterior corneal surface (ACS), posterior corneal surface (PCS) and the posterior surface of the phakic refractive intraocular lens (PPRLS) before and during accommodation.RESULTS: The intensities of the OCT images of the ACS and PPRLS did not significantly change during accommodation when compared with their respective baselines, while the intensity ratios: ALS/ACS, ALS/PCS and ALS/PPRLS all significantly increased during accommodation (p<0.01).CONCLUSIONS: The stress on the anterior lens capsule is increased during in vivo human accommodation. This observation is consistent with a mechanism of accommodation in which zonular tension increases with accommodation, which is opposite to the predictions of the Helmholtz theory.
|
['Accommodation, Ocular', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lens Capsule, Crystalline', 'Male', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence']
| 18,211,940
|
[['G14.010'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A09.371.060.500.155'], ['G01.374.835'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Diverticulitis of the colon. Clinical review of acute presentations and management.
|
A series of 46 patients treated surgically for acute sequelae of diverticular disease of the colon was reviewed. Perforation of sigmoid diverticulitis and colon obstruction were the most common indications for surgical treatment. Resection of the involved colon was carried out in 44 of 46 patients. Primary resection was performed in 27 patients and primary anastomosis was achieved in 19 of these. Staged resections were employed in 17 patients. The mortality rate was 4.4 percent and the complication rate 28.3 percent. Some suggestions are made in an effort to decrease morbidity in the future.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Colonic Diseases', 'Diverticulitis, Colonic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Obstruction', 'Intestinal Perforation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 7,081,565
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C06.405.469.158'], ['C06.405.205.282.500.250', 'C06.405.469.158.587.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.531'], ['C06.405.469.557'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Colchicine attenuates renal injury in a model of hypertensive chronic kidney disease.
|
Hypertension is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease, particularly when associated with impaired renal autoregulation and thereby increased intraglomerular pressure (Pgc). Elevated Pgc can be modeled in vitro by exposing glomerular mesangial cells to mechanical strain. We previously showed that RhoA mediates strain-induced matrix production. Here, we show that RhoA activation is dependent on an intact microtubule network. Upregulation of the profibrotic cytokine connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) by mechanical strain is dependent on RhoA activation and inhibited by microtubule disruption. We tested the effects of the microtubule depolymerizing agent colchicine in 5/6 nephrectomized rats, a model of chronic kidney disease driven by elevated Pgc. Colchicine inhibited glomerular RhoA activation and attenuated both glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis without affecting systemic blood pressure. Upregulation of the matrix proteins collagen I and fibronectin, as well as CTGF, was attenuated by colchicine. Activity of the profibrotic cytokine TGF-â, as assessed by Smad3 phosphorylation, was also inhibited by colchicine. Microtubule disruption significantly decreased renal infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. Our studies thus indicate that colchicine modifies hypertensive renal fibrosis. Its protective effects are likely mediated by inhibition of RhoA signaling and renal infiltration of inflammatory cells. Already well-established in clinical practice for other indications, prevention of hypertension-associated renal fibrosis may represent a new potential use for colchicine.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Colchicine', 'Collagen Type I', 'Connective Tissue Growth Factor', 'Cytoprotection', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Fibronectins', 'Fibrosis', 'Hypertension, Renal', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Microtubules', 'Nephrectomy', 'Nephritis', 'Phosphorylation', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Renal Insufficiency, Chronic', 'Smad3 Protein', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Transfection', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'rhoA GTP-Binding Protein']
| 23,946,291
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.132.225'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.100', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.100'], ['D12.644.276.200.100', 'D12.776.467.200.100', 'D12.776.860.300.200.100', 'D23.529.237.100'], ['G07.690.773.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['C23.550.355'], ['C12.777.419.331', 'C13.351.968.419.331', 'C14.907.489.631'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['E04.950.774.435'], ['C12.777.419.570', 'C13.351.968.419.570'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C12.777.419.780.750', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750'], ['D12.644.360.024.334.500.300', 'D12.776.157.057.170.500.300', 'D12.776.260.713.500.300', 'D12.776.476.024.428.500.300', 'D12.776.744.741.875', 'D12.776.930.806.500.300'], ['G01.374.835'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700.200', 'D12.644.360.525.700.200', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700.200', 'D12.776.476.525.700.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The antithrombotic effect of heparin in deep venous thrombosis: relation to four heparin assays.
|
In a prospective study, 280 patients with phlebographically proven deep venous thrombosis received intravenous heparin infusion; 224 of the patients were subjected to control phlebography after 5-8 days of treatment. Females above 70 years showed least phlebographic improvement despite similar heparin dosage and heparin activity. Heparin activity in daily drawn blood samples was determined by four different assays. Chromogenic substrate (CS) assay (Coatest heparin), activated partial thromboplastin time (Cephotest), and thrombin time with recalcified plasma (CaTT) showed weak but significant correlations with thrombus resolution judged by phlebography (p = 0.004, 0.003 and 0.018, respectively). A linear prediction equation showed that the phlebographic result was about equally influenced by the mean dose and by the result of any of the three heparin assays. Thrombin time with citrated plasma showed no correlation. CS assay and CaTT showed significantly lower mean heparin activity in patients with (n = 13) than without clinically diagnosed pulmonary embolism (p = 0.012 and 0.001, respectively).
|
['Aged', 'Blood Coagulation Tests', 'Female', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phlebography', 'Prospective Studies', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Thrombophlebitis']
| 6,496,186
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.625.115', 'E05.200.625.115'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700.060.600', 'E01.370.370.050.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C08.381.746', 'C14.907.355.350.700'], ['C14.907.355.830.925.770', 'C14.907.617.718.788', 'C14.907.940.740.910']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Factors controlling drug reinforced behavior.
|
An overview is provided of factors controlling drug reinforced behavior. Drug reinforced behavior is defined, and control procedures for rigorously identifying such behavior are discussed. Factors affecting drug reinforced behavior include the drug itself, animal species, route of administration, current circumstance variables, subject's experimental history, and response consequences. Current circumstance variables concern conditions present during opportunities for drug self-administration and include such factors as stimulus control, food deprivation, drug-access conditions, and brain lesions. Response consequence variables include reinforcement schedule, punishment, drug dose, and competing reinforcers. Drug reinforced behavior is a member of a more general class of behavior, namely operant behavior. Over the last 25 years there has been a rapid increase in understanding drug reinforcement, and this pattern of expanding knowledge suggests that the high rate of progress will continue.
|
['Animals', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Humans', 'Psychotropic Drugs', 'Reinforcement, Psychology', 'Self Administration', 'Self Medication', 'Substance-Related Disorders']
| 3,628,452
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.179.509'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.954.427.700'], ['F02.463.425.770'], ['E02.319.890', 'E02.900.890'], ['E02.319.900', 'E02.900.900'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Level-specific amputations and resulting regenerative outcomes in the mouse distal phalanx.
|
Mouse digit tip regeneration involves an intricate coordinated regrowth of the terminal phalanx, nail, dermis and epidermis. During this time, regenerating digits undergo wound healing, blastema formation, and differentiation. However, the regenerative response of the digit is dependent on the level of the amputation. Amputation of <30% of the distal phalanx (P3), with part of the base nail remaining, results in extensive digit regeneration. In contrast, >60% P3 removal results in no regeneration. This level-dependent regenerative ability of the mouse digit provides a comparative model between regeneration and non-regeneration that may enable identification of specific factors critical to regeneration. Although the ability to create regenerating and non-regenerating conditions has been well established, the regenerative response between these regions ("intermediate" zone) has received less scrutiny, and may add insight to the regenerative processes, including the degree of histolysis, and the level of blastema formation. The objective of this study is then to compare the regeneration capacity between amputation levels within the regenerating (<30%), intermediate (40-59%), and non-regenerating (>60%) regions. Results indicated that regenerative and intermediate amputations led to significant histolysis and blastema formation of the distal phalanx 14 days post-amputation. Unlike the regenerating digits, intermediate amputations led to incomplete regeneration whereby regrowth of the digits were not to the levels of the intact or regenerating digits. Non-regenerating amputations did not exhibit significant histolysis or blastema formation. Remarkably, the histolytic process resulted in day 14 P3 lengths that were similar regardless of the initial amputation over 19%. The differences in histolysis, blastema formation and injury outcomes were also marked by changes in the number of proliferating cells and osteoclasts. Altogether, these results indicate that although intermediate amputations result in histolysis and blastema formation similar to regenerating digits, the resulting cellular composition of the blastema differs, contributing to incomplete regeneration.
|
['Amputation', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Hindlimb', 'Hoof and Claw', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Osteoclasts', 'Regeneration', 'Toe Phalanges', 'Wound Healing']
| 28,493,324
|
[['E04.555.080'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.152'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A13.473'], ['A13.491'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A11.329.372.700', 'A11.627.482.700'], ['G16.762'], ['A02.835.232.043.300.800'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Montanide IMS 1312 VG adjuvant enhances the efficacy of immersion vaccine of inactivated viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.
|
Vaccination by immersion is suitable for mass vaccination of small size fish. However, no viral vaccine has been developed for immersion applications, because of low efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of immersion vaccine against viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) containing Montanide IMS 1312 VG adjuvant in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Healthy fish were vaccinated by an immersion method with a heat-inactivated FP-VHS2010-1 strain of VHS virus (VHSV) in combination with Montanide IMS 1312 VG for 5 min at 20 ± 2 °C. The control group was vaccinated with sterile PBS. No toxicity of immersion vaccine with Montanide IMS 1312 VG adjuvant was observed by hematological and histopathological analysis. Immersion vaccine with adjuvant enhanced gene expression of immune-associated genes, i.e., genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1â, IL-6, IL-8, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3. Relative percent survival (RPS) of fish was measured on weeks 4 and 8 post vaccination. In fish vaccinated with adjuvant, RPS was significantly higher than that of fish vaccinated without adjuvant. The results of the present study provide evidence that the VHSV immersion vaccine with Montanide IMS 1312 VG induces protective immunity in olive flounder against VHS.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Cytokines', 'Fish Proteins', 'Flatfishes', 'Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Viral', 'Novirhabdovirus', 'Toll-Like Receptors', 'Vaccination', 'Viral Vaccines']
| 27,965,163
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['D12.776.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.418'], ['C01.925.782.580.830.450', 'C22.362.450', 'C23.550.470.790.500.900.400'], ['B04.820.480.937.750.600'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D20.215.894.899']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Experimental observations of the hydrodynamic behavior of solvent systems in high-speed counter-current chromatography. I. Hydrodynamic distribution of two solvent phases in a helical column subjected to two types of synchronous planetary motion.
|
Hydrodynamic distribution of two-phase solvent systems in a rotating helical column subjected to centrifugal fields produced by two different types of synchronous planetary motion has been studied by the use of the combined horizontal flow-through coil planet centrifuge. With continuous elution of the mobile phase, the simpler type of motion resulted in low retention of the stationary phase in the column whereas a more complex motion, which produces a quasi-radial centrifugal field varying in both intensity and direction, yielded high stationary phase retention for commonly used solvent systems having a wide range of hydrophobicity. These solvent systems display highly complex modes of hydrodynamic interaction in the coil according to their particular physical properties.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Solvents']
| 6,501,495
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D27.720.844']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Total glenohumeral joint replacement.
|
Some of the anatomical considerations of the glenohumeral joint with respect to prosthetic replacement have been discussed. One approach to prosthetic design has been presented along with the early clinical experience with this design. It is hoped that this information will serve as a reference point for future work to be done in this area.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthropathy, Neurogenic', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Humeral Fractures', 'Humerus', 'Joint Prosthesis', 'Male', 'Metals', 'Middle Aged', 'Polyethylenes', 'Scapula', 'Shoulder', 'Shoulder Joint']
| 1,128,882
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C05.550.186'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.088.390', 'C26.404.500'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.400'], ['E07.695.400'], ['D01.552'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550', 'D05.750.716.507', 'D25.720.716.507', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507'], ['A02.835.232.087.783'], ['A01.378.800.750'], ['A02.835.583.748']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The ten-year pattern of hip diseases in Singapore.
|
PURPOSE: To review patients with hip diseases undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) during 2 different periods.METHODS: During the periods 1994 to 1996 and 2004 to 2006, 12 men and 28 women (mean age, 57 years) and 55 men and 78 women (mean age, 62 years) underwent THA for hip diseases, respectively. The aetiologies of the hip diseases were classified. Preand post-operative radiographs of the pelvis and hip were reviewed. The femoral head-tilt ratio (FHR) was measured.RESULTS: The number of patients undergoing THA increased 3-fold over 10 years; the proportion of different aetiologies was similar. Respectively, the most common aetiologies were acetabular dysplasia (33% vs. 40%) and avascular necrosis (33% vs. 42%). Only less than 5% of the patients had advanced osteoarthritis with no demonstrable cause, most of whom being Caucasians. The overall mean FHR was 1.07. There was no significant difference between male and female subjects.CONCLUSION: The pattern of hip diseases in Singapore remained similar over the 10-year interval, but the number of patients undergoing THA had increased 3-fold.
|
['Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Hip Joint', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Joint Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Singapore', 'Time Factors']
| 21,187,534
|
[['E04.555.110.110.110', 'E04.650.110.110', 'E04.680.101.110.110'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['A02.835.583.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C05.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.252.145.774'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Segment-directed mutagenesis: construction in vitro of point mutations limited to a small predetermined region of a circular DNA molecule.
|
A general method for efficiently mutagenizing a predetermined segment of a closed circular duplex DNA molecule was used to construct mutations in two specific regions of the beta-lactamase (bla) gene carried by the small plasmid pBR322. The principle of segment-directed mutagenesis is the use of a single-stranded homologous DNA fragment to direct the nicking of circular duplex DNA within a segment defined by the DNA fragment in a two-step reaction. First, Escherichia coli recA protein is used to catalyze assimilation of the homologous single-stranded DNA, producing a displacement loop ("D-loop") in the circular DNA. Second, a small amount of the single-strand-specific S1 nuclease is used to nick the displaced DNA. The segment-directed nicks are converted to small gaps, which are then mutagenized specifically with sodium bisulfite. A short (128-base pair) restriction endonuclease fragment from the center of the bla gene was used to direct mutagenesis with the result that 7.5% of the recovered plasmids were bla- mutants and 49/51 of these mutants, mapped genetically, were found to lie in a deletion interval whose endpoints approximate those of the restriction fragment. Similar results were obtained when another short fragment covering the beginning of the gene was used; many of these mutations map in the region coding the "signal" sequence thought to be involved in secretion of beta-lactamase.
|
['Base Sequence', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'DNA, Circular', 'DNA, Single-Stranded', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genetic Techniques', 'Micrococcal Nuclease', 'Mutation', 'Plasmids', 'Sulfites', 'beta-Lactamases']
| 6,254,078
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['D13.444.308.283', 'G02.111.570.820.486.212', 'G05.360.580.156'], ['D13.444.308.497', 'G02.111.570.820.486.437', 'G05.360.580.437'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['E05.393'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.350.500', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.500', 'D08.811.277.352.355.350.500', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D01.248.497.158.904', 'D01.875.750'], ['D08.811.277.087.180']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phlebitis induced by parenteral treatment with flucloxacillin and cloxacillin: a double-blind study.
|
Two studies were performed on a total of 54 patients with staphylococcal infections. Study I compares with phlebitogenic properties of flucloxacillin after intravenous infusions when either saline or sterile water was used as a solvent. No difference was observed between the two solvents, and the frequency of phlebitis for the total material without respect to solvents was 5% after 1 day of treatment and 13% after 2 days. Study II was a double-blind comparison of phlebitis caused by intravenous infusions of either flucloxacillin or cloxacillin. The frequencies of phlebitis were found to be 18 and 13%, respectively. After 2 days of treatment the frequency of phlebitis increased dramatically for both drugs. All infusions were given through a plastic cannula of 5-cm length and 1.2-mm diameter.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Cloxacillin', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Floxacillin', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Parenteral', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phlebitis', 'Staphylococcal Infections']
| 7,447,412
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.625.150', 'D02.886.108.750.625.150', 'D03.633.100.300.750.625.150'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.625.150.250', 'D02.886.108.750.625.150.250', 'D03.633.100.300.750.625.150.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.907.617.718', 'C14.907.940.740'], ['C01.150.252.410.868']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hypermetropia-succeeded myopia after hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
|
A 58-year-old man presented with a change in vision during hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. Subsequent follow-up visits showed a hypermetropic shift, which succeeded the myopic shift after each of two series of HBO treatments. The maximal refractive amplitude was 3.00 D (range -1.37 D to +1.62 D) in the right eye and 2.75 D (range -1.25 D to + 1.50 D) in the left eye. Refraction stabilized after 1.5 years at +0.62 D and +0.50 D to pretreatment values in the right and left eye, respectively. The findings are discussed with regard to possible changes in the structure of the lens.
|
['Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hyperbaric Oxygenation', 'Hyperopia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myopia', 'Refraction, Ocular']
| 16,534,462
|
[['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.880.690.490'], ['C11.744.479'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C11.744.636'], ['E01.370.380.850.700', 'G01.590.775', 'G14.760']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Surgical repair of cleft palate in the horse.
|
Surgical repair of a cleft palate was carried out in three horses. Mandibular symphisotomy allowed adequate exposure of the defect. The first subject, a young foal died from inhalation pneumonia but the other two made satisfactory recoveries. The problems of closure of the lip and symphysis are discussed.
|
['Anesthesia, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Cleft Palate', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Female', 'Halothane', 'Horse Diseases', 'Horses', 'Infusions, Parenteral', 'Male', 'Oxygen', 'Pneumonia', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Sepsis', 'Sutures', 'Tracheotomy']
| 1,095,366
|
[['E03.155.197.197'], ['B01.050'], ['C05.500.460.185', 'C05.660.207.540.460.185', 'C07.320.440.185', 'C07.465.525.185', 'C07.650.500.460.185', 'C07.650.525.185', 'C16.131.621.207.540.460.185', 'C16.131.850.500.460.185', 'C16.131.850.525.185'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['D02.455.526.340'], ['C22.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['E02.319.267.510'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['E07.858.690.820'], ['E04.580.907', 'E04.928.790']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ordered conformational changes in damaged DNA induced by nucleotide excision repair factors.
|
In response to genotoxic attacks, cells activate sophisticated DNA repair pathways such as nucleotide excision repair (NER), which consists of damage removal via dual incision and DNA resynthesis. Using permanganate footprinting as well as highly purified factors, we show that NER is a dynamic process that takes place in a number of successive steps during which the DNA is remodeled around the lesion in response to the various NER factors. XPC/HR23B first recognizes the damaged structure and initiates the opening of the helix from position -3 to +6. TFIIH is then recruited and, in the presence of ATP, extends the opening from position -6 to +6; it also displaces XPC downstream from the lesion, thereby providing the topological structure for recruiting XPA and RPA, which will enlarge the opening. Once targeted by XPG, the damaged DNA is further melted from position -19 to +8. XPG and XPF/ERCC1 endonucleases then cut the damaged DNA at the limit of the opened structure that was previously "labeled" by the positioning of XPC/HR23B and TFIIH.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'DNA', 'DNA Damage', 'DNA Repair', 'DNA Repair Enzymes', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Endonucleases', 'Humans', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Replication Protein A', 'Transcription Factor TFIIH', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription Factors, TFII', 'Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein']
| 14,981,083
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.200'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['D08.811.074'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D08.811.277.352.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D12.776.260.700'], ['D12.776.260.775.875.875', 'D12.776.930.930.875.875'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D12.776.260.775.875', 'D12.776.930.930.875'], ['D12.776.157.687.875', 'D12.776.260.975', 'D12.776.660.720.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of a cDNA clone corresponding to the long open reading frame (XBL-I) of the bovine leukemia virus.
|
Nucleotide sequence analysis of a cDNA clone corresponding to the XBL-I open reading-frame of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) revealed that the AUG initiation codon was located 44 bases downstream from that of the env gene and was part of the p34x mRNA splice donor. . .ATGG/GTAA at the end of the pol gene sequence. RNA from this clone was synthesized in vitro by the SP6 RNA polymerase and translated into a 34,000 mol wt protein in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. The protein (p34x) is recognized in Western blots by most sera of BLV-infected sheep and tumor-bearing cattle, by an anti-synthetic peptide rabbit serum, and by the serum of a rabbit immunized by XBL-I RNA programmed reticulocyte lysates. Both sera react with a 34,000 mol wt protein present in nuclei of BLV-infected cells.
|
['Base Sequence', 'DNA', 'DNA, Recombinant', 'Leukemia Virus, Bovine', 'RNA, Viral', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Retroviridae', 'Viral Proteins']
| 2,820,139
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D13.444.308.460'], ['B04.613.807.200.600', 'B04.820.650.200.600'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['D12.776.828'], ['B04.613.807', 'B04.820.650'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Plasticity of lateralization: schooling predicts hand preference but not hand skill asymmetry in a non-industrial society.
|
Considerable variation in the frequency of left-handedness between cultures has been reported, ranging from 0.5 to 24%. This variation in hand preference may have evolved under natural or cultural selection. It has been suggested that schooling affects handedness but as in most human societies only a selected and minor part of the population does not attend school this is difficult to test. We investigated to what extent schooling affects both hand preference and asymmetry in hand skill in a non-industrial population in the highlands of New Guinea. This provided unique opportunities because of the relatively recent establishment of a primary school in this population, and where people still live a non-industrial traditional life reflecting conditions in which handedness may have evolved. We interviewed 620 inhabitants (aged 5-70 y) to collect demographic data and school history, tested hand preference on 10 ecologically relevant activities, and measured performance of each hand on three tasks (pegboard, grip force, ball throwing). Schooled individuals were overall faster in fine motor performance, had greater grip strength and greater throwing accuracy. This suggests that there is implicit selection on the fitter part of the population to enter school. Schooling is associated with hand preference, as schooled individuals were more likely to be extremely right-handed and less likely to be strongly right-handed, but not with asymmetry of hand skill (controlled for sex and age). Developmental plasticity in hand preference but not skill asymmetry, and the weak correlations between hand preference and hand skill asymmetry indicate that they represent different aspects of brain lateralization. Furthermore, the weak correlations between hand preference and hand skill asymmetry leave room for moderating factors such as schooling, sex and age to have a differential effect on hand preference and hand skill, and each needs to be studied in its own right.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Hand', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Strength Dynamometer', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Sex Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 22,230,229
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.230.460'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Strategy Configurations Directly Linked to Higher Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Starts: An Applied Use of Configurational Comparative Methods.
|
BACKGROUND: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) cares for more patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) than any other US health care system. We tracked the implementation strategies that VA sites used to implement highly effective new treatments for HCV with the aim of uncovering how combinations of implementation strategies influenced the uptake of the HCV treatment innovation. We applied Configurational Comparative Methods (CCMs) to uncover causal dependencies and identify difference-making strategy configurations, and to distinguish higher from lower HCV treating sites.METHODS: We surveyed providers to assess VA sites' use of 73 implementation strategies to promote HCV treatment in the fiscal year 2015. CCMs were used to identify strategy configurations that uniquely distinguished higher HCV from lower HCV treating sites.RESULTS: From the 73 possible implementation strategies, CCMs identified 5 distinct strategy configurations, or "solution paths." These were comprised of 10 individual strategies that collectively explained 80% of the sites with higher HCV treatment starts with 100% consistency. Using any one of the following 5 solution paths was sufficient to produce higher treatment starts: (1) technical assistance; (2) engaging in a learning collaborative AND designating leaders; (3) site visits AND outreach to patients to promote uptake and adherence; (4) developing resource sharing agreements AND an implementation blueprint; OR (5) creating new clinical teams AND sharing quality improvement knowledge with other sites AND engaging patients. There was equifinality in that the presence of any one of the 5 solution paths was sufficient for higher treatment starts.CONCLUSIONS: Five strategy configurations distinguished higher HCV from lower HCV treating sites with 100% consistency. CCMs represent a methodological advancement that can help inform high-yield implementation strategy selection and increase the efficiency and effectiveness of future implementation efforts.
|
['Antiviral Agents', 'Critical Pathways', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Medication Adherence', 'Program Evaluation', 'United States', 'United States Department of Veterans Affairs', 'Veterans Health Services']
| 32,187,105
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['N04.590.233.624.625', 'N04.590.275'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['I01.409.418.750.700', 'N03.540.348.500.500.700'], ['N02.421.917', 'N04.452.524']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Sensitivity and specificity of medial temporal lobe visual ratings and multivariate regional MRI classification in Alzheimer's disease.
|
BACKGROUND: Visual assessment rating scales for medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy have been used by neuroradiologists in clinical practice to aid the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently multivariate classification methods for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data have been suggested as alternative tools. If computerized methods are to be implemented in clinical practice they need to be as good as, or better than experienced neuroradiologists and carefully validated. The aims of this study were: (1) To compare the ability of MTL atrophy visual assessment rating scales, a multivariate MRI classification method and manually measured hippocampal volumes to distinguish between subjects with AD and healthy elderly controls (CTL). (2) To assess how well the three techniques perform when predicting future conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD.METHODS: High resolution sagittal 3D T1w MP-RAGE datasets were acquired from 75 AD patients, 101 subjects with MCI and 81 CTL from the multi-centre AddNeuroMed study. An automated analysis method was used to generate regional volume and regional cortical thickness measures, providing 57 variables for multivariate analysis (orthogonal partial least squares to latent structures using seven-fold cross-validation). Manual hippocampal measurements were also determined for each subject. Visual rating assessment of MTL atrophy was performed by an experienced neuroradiologist according to the approach of Scheltens et al.RESULTS: We found prediction accuracies for distinguishing between AD and CTL of 83% for multivariate classification, 81% for the visual rating assessments and 89% for manual measurements of total hippocampal volume. The three different techniques showed similar accuracy in predicting conversion from MCI to AD at one year follow-up.CONCLUSION: Visual rating assessment of the MTL gave similar prediction accuracy to multivariate classification and manual hippocampal volumes. This suggests a potential future role for computerized methods as a complement to clinical assessment of AD.
|
['Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Least-Squares Analysis', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Temporal Lobe']
| 21,811,624
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['F03.615.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.750.400', 'N05.715.360.750.695.440', 'N06.850.520.830.750.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Increased neuronal damage and apoE immunoreactivity in human apolipoprotein E, E4 isoform-specific, transgenic mice after global cerebral ischaemia.
|
Apolipoprotein E (apoE, protein; APOE, gene) is expressed as three isoforms in humans (E2, E3, E4). The APOE-epsilon4 allele is associated with a poor outcome in patients after head injury of which ischaemic brain damage is a contributor of mortality and morbidity. The aim of the study was to determine whether mice expressing human APOE-epsilon4 displayed more extensive ischaemic neuronal damage 72 h after transient global ischaemia compared with mice which express human APOE-epsilon3. APOE-epsilon3 and -epsilon4 transgenic mice, under the control of a human promoter, were used which express human APOE in neurons and glia. Ischaemic neuronal damage in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer in the APOE-epsilon4 transgenic mice was significantly greater than in the APOE-epsilon3 mice after global ischaemia (36.4+/-8.9%, 18.2+/-7.3%; P<0.05). This was associated with more extensive neuronal apoE immunoreactivity in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer in the APOE-epsilon4 transgenic mice compared with APOE-epsilon3 transgenic mice. In contrast, in the caudate nucleus, there were similar levels of ischaemic neuronal damage in the APOE-epsilon3 and -epsilon4 transgenic mice (39.2 +/-10.1%; 44.6+/-8.4%, P = 0.32). In the caudate, similar numbers of neurons were immunostained for apoE in the APOE-epsilon3 and -epsilon4 transgenic mice. The present study demonstrated that the APOE-epsilon4 allele is associated with an increased vulnerability of a specific brain region to the effects of global ischaemia, which is closely associated with an increase in neuronal apoE. The data extend previous work and are consistent with an association of the APOE-epsilon4 allele with a poor outcome after acute brain injury in humans.
|
['Alleles', 'Animals', 'Apolipoprotein E3', 'Apolipoprotein E4', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Brain', 'Caudate Nucleus', 'Humans', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Neuroglia', 'Neurons', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Pyramidal Cells', 'Time Factors']
| 11,122,341
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.050'], ['D10.532.091.500.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500.500'], ['D10.532.091.500.750', 'D12.776.070.400.500.750', 'D12.776.521.120.500.750'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550.184'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['A08.675.790', 'A11.671.790'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
CD19 expression levels regulate B lymphocyte development: human CD19 restores normal function in mice lacking endogenous CD19.
|
Establishing signal transduction thresholds that regulate B lymphocyte responses to foreign Ags and tolerance to self Ags is critical for humoral immune responses. The effects of altered signaling thresholds in B lymphocytes were examined in CD19-deficient mice and transgenic mice that expressed human CD19 at varying densities. Human CD19 restored normal B cell function and development to CD19-deficient mice when expressed at levels comparable to those of circulating human B cells. While CD19 expression levels were found to be developmentally regulated and tightly controlled in normal mice, two- or threefold changes in cell surface CD19 expression in transgenic mice dramatically affected B cell development, mitogen responses, serum Ig levels, humoral immune responses, and germinal center formation. B cells from mice that overexpressed CD19 also had decreased levels of surface IgM and a cell surface phenotype consistent with increased signaling in these cells. These results suggest that CD19 may serve similar functions in humans and mice and that CD19 defines signaling thresholds in vivo for the Ag receptor as well as other cell surface receptors that regulate B lymphocyte selection, activation, and differentiation.
|
['Animals', 'Antibody Formation', 'Antigens, CD19', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Calcium', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Germinal Center', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Signal Transduction']
| 9,144,478
|
[['B01.050'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.119', 'D23.050.301.264.051.119', 'D23.050.301.500.600.200', 'D23.050.705.552.600.200', 'D23.101.100.110.119', 'D23.101.100.150.119'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['A10.549.400.500', 'A15.382.520.604.412.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Distribution of the erm (B) gene, tetracycline resistance genes, and Tn1545-like transposons in macrolide- and lincosamide-resistant enterococci from pigs and humans.
|
The distribution of the erm (B) and the tetracycline resistance genes tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), and tet(S) was investigated among macrolide- and lincosamide-resistant enterococci originating from humans, pigs, and pork carcasses. The presence of transposons of the Tn916/Tn1545 family was also traced in these isolates. Furthermore, the porcine strains were tested for the presence of glycopeptide resistance genes vanA and vanB. The erm(B) gene was found in 85% of the porcine and in all human isolates. Ninety-eight percent of the porcine and 89% of the human erm(B)-positive enterococci carried the tet(M) gene. Seventy-seven percent and 70%, respectively, of these strains harbored a Tn1545-like element. Tet(L) was observed in 68% of the porcine and in 65% of the human enterococci. The other tetracycline resistance genes were very rare and the glycopeptide resistance genes vanA and vanB were not detected among the porcine isolates. The similar frequencies of resistance genes and the highly mobile Tn1545-like transposon among porcine and human enterococci might indicate exchange of resistant strains or their resistance genes between humans and pigs or the existence of a common reservoir.
|
['Animals', 'DNA Transposable Elements', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Enterococcus', 'Humans', 'Macrolides', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Swine', 'Tetracycline Resistance']
| 15,650,380
|
[['B01.050'], ['D13.444.308.520', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.340.024.425.200'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['B03.353.750.250.250', 'B03.510.550.250.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.540.505', 'D02.540.576.500', 'D04.345.674.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G06.099.225.937', 'G06.225.347.937', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Efficiency of excitation energy trapping in the green photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum.
|
During the millions of years of evolution, photosynthetic organisms have adapted to almost all terrestrial and aquatic habitats, although some environments are obviously more suitable for photosynthesis than others. Photosynthetic organisms living in low-light conditions require on the one hand a large light-harvesting apparatus to absorb as many photons as possible. On the other hand, the excitation trapping time scales with the size of the light-harvesting system, and the longer the distance over which the formed excitations have to be transferred, the larger the probability to lose excitations. Therefore a compromise between photon capture efficiency and excitation trapping efficiency needs to be found. Here we report results on the whole cells of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. Its efficiency of excitation energy transfer and charge separation enables the organism to live in environments with very low illumination. Using fluorescence measurements with picosecond resolution, we estimate that despite a rather large size and complex composition of its light-harvesting apparatus, the quantum efficiency of its photochemistry is around ~87% at 20 °C, ~83% at 45 °C, and about ~81% at 77 K when part of the excitation energy is trapped by low-energy bacteriochlorophyll a molecules. The data are evaluated using target analysis, which provides further insight into the functional organization of the low-light adapted photosynthetic apparatus.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Bacteriochlorophyll A', 'Chlorobi', 'Energy Transfer', 'Fluorescence', 'Fluorometry', 'Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes', 'Photochemistry', 'Photosynthesis']
| 30,537,470
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['D12.776.752.249.500'], ['B03.250'], ['G01.154.240', 'G02.111.255', 'G02.216'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['E05.196.712.516.600'], ['D05.500.562.488.490', 'D08.811.600.710.490', 'D12.776.543.930.500.490', 'D12.776.765.199.750.750.490'], ['H01.181.529.711'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Monocytes treated with ciprofloxacin and oxyLDL express myristate, priming atherosclerosis.
|
Antibiotics are essential in many life-threatening diseases. On the other hand, improper use of antibiotics can be disastrous. Cell morphological changes were observed in the ciprofloxacin-treated cells starting at 48 hours. Changes in cell morphology were continuously observed up to 14 days, which showed gradual morphological changes from monocyte to plaque-like cells at day 12, and foam cell, which is an intermediate stage in atherosclerosis was observed at day 8, which was confirmed with Oil Red O staining. Flow cytometry data revealed that oxidized LDL (oxyLDL)-induced cells showed 60.16% of CD64 (proinflammatory macrophage markers) and no expression of CD23 (anti-inflammatory macrophage markers), whereas ciprofloxacin-treated cells expressed 67.97% of CD64 and 13.78% of CD23. Chemokine antibody array analysis revealed that ciprofloxacin exposed cells showed a proinflammatory role (ENA78, Eotaxin1, Eotaxin2, IP-10, MIG, MIP-3â, SDF-1â, TECK, CXCL16, and Fractalkine). Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed that myristic acid was incorporated into a protein with 68 kDa molecular mass in exposing oxyLDL-induced monocytes with ciprofloxacin, which could be a reason for the observed foam cells and in vitro plaque formation. As myristic acid primes atherosclerosis, it is better to limit the intake of antibiotics like ciprofloxacin for common illness, specifically the high-risk patients, which may contribute to atherosclerosis.
|
['Atherosclerosis', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Monocytes', 'Myristic Acid', 'THP-1 Cells']
| 31,926,051
|
[['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.186'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D10.251.640.630'], ['A11.251.210.190.815', 'A11.251.860.180.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Portacaval shunting attenuates portal hypertension and systemic hypotension in rat anaphylactic shock.
|
Anaphylactic shock in rats is characterized by antigen-induced hepatic venoconstriction and the resultant portal hypertension. We determined the role of portal hypertension in anaphylactic hypotension by using the side-to-side portacaval shunt- and sham-operated rats sensitized with ovalbumin (1 mg). We measured the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), portal venous pressure (PVP), and central venous pressure (CVP) under pentobarbital anesthesia and spontaneous breathing. Anaphylactic hypotension was induced by an intravenous injection of ovalbumin (0.6 mg). In sham rats, the antigen caused not only an increase in PVP from 11.3 cmH(2)O to the peak of 27.9 cmH(2)O but also a decrease in MAP from 103 mmHg to the lowest value of 41 mmHg. CVP also decreased significantly after the antigen. In the portacaval shunt rats, in response to the antigen, PVP increased slightly, but significantly, to the peak of 17.5 cmH(2)O, CVP did not decrease, and MAP decreased to a lesser degree with the lowest value being 60 mmHg. These results suggest that the portacaval shunt attenuated anaphylactic portal hypertension and venous return decrease, partially preventing anaphylactic hypotension. In conclusion, portal hypertension is involved in rat anaphylactic hypotension presumably via splanchnic congestion resulting in decreased venous return and thus systemic arterial hypotension.
|
['Anaphylaxis', 'Anesthesia', 'Animals', 'Antigens', 'Blood Pressure', 'Central Venous Pressure', 'Hypertension, Portal', 'Hypotension', 'Liver', 'Liver Circulation', 'Male', 'Ovalbumin', 'Portacaval Shunt, Surgical', 'Portal Pressure', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Veins', 'Venous Pressure']
| 21,181,324
|
[['C20.543.480.099'], ['E03.155'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G09.330.380.076.732.336'], ['C06.552.494'], ['C14.907.514'], ['A03.620'], ['G09.330.100.881.552'], ['D12.644.861.557', 'D12.776.034.614', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663', 'D12.776.290.663', 'D12.776.872.557'], ['E04.035.760.755', 'E04.100.814.868.937.790'], ['G09.330.380.076.732.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A07.015.908'], ['G09.330.380.076.732']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Environmental effects on vibrational properties of carotenoids: experiments and calculations on peridinin.
|
Carotenoids are employed in light-harvesting complexes of dinoflagellates with the two-fold aim to extend the spectral range of the antenna and to protect it from radiation damage. We have studied the effect of the environment on the vibrational properties of the carotenoid peridinin in different solvents by means of vibrational spectroscopies and QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations. Three prototypical solvents were considered: cyclohexane (an apolar/aprotic solvent), deuterated acetonitrile (a polar/aprotic solvent) and methanol (a polar/protic solvent). Thanks to effective normal mode analysis, we were able to assign the experimental Raman and IR bands and to clarify the effect of the solvent on band shifts. In the 1500-1650 cm(-1) region, seven vibrational modes of the polyene chain were identified and assigned to specific molecular vibrations. In the 1700-1800 cm(-1) region a strong progressive down-shift of the lactonic carbonyl frequency is observed passing from cyclohexane to methanol solutions. This has been rationalized here in terms of solvent polarity and solute-solvent hydrogen bond interactions. On the basis of our data we propose a classification of non-equivalent peridinins in the Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Proteins, light-harvesting complexes of dinoflagellates.
|
['Acetonitriles', 'Carotenoids', 'Cyclohexanes', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Methanol', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Quantum Theory', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman']
| 21,946,923
|
[['D02.626.080'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249', 'D02.455.849.131', 'D23.767.261'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367'], ['G02.282'], ['D02.033.623'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['H01.671.579.800'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Feeding dynamics, consumption rates and daily ration of wahoo Acanthocybium solandri in Indo-Pacific waters.
|
This study reports the diet composition of 363 wahoo Acanthocybium solandri captured from the Indo-Pacific. The study also provides the first estimates of consumption and daily ration for the species worldwide, which are important parameters for ecosystem models and may improve ecosystem-based fisheries management. Thirty-four prey taxa were identified from A. solandri stomachs with Scombridae having the highest relative importance. Actinopterygii comprised 96% of the total prey wet mass, of which 29% were epipelagic fishes, with 22% alone from Scombridae. There was no significant relationship between fish size and the size of prey items consumed. Feeding intensity, as measured by stomach fullness, did not significantly differ either among seasons or reproductive activity. The mean daily consumption rate was estimated as 344 g day-1 , which corresponded to a mean daily ration of 2·44% body mass day-1 . The results from this study suggest A. solandri is an opportunistic predator similar to other pelagic piscivores, worldwide.
|
['Animals', 'Diet', 'Ecosystem', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Fishes', 'Seasons']
| 28,217,894
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Time trends in radiocaesium in the Japanese diet following nuclear weapons testing and Chernobyl: Implications for long term contamination post-Fukushima.
|
Estimation of time changes in radiocaesium in foodstuffs is key to predicting the long term impact of the Fukushima accident on the Japanese diet. We have modelled >4000 measurements, spanning 50 years, of 137Cs in foodstuffs and whole diet in Japan after nuclear weapons testing (NWT) and the Chernobyl accident. Broadly consistent long term trends in 137Cs activity concentrations are seen between different agricultural foodstuffs; whole diet follows this general trend with remarkably little variation between averages for different regions of Japan. Model blind tests against post-NWT data for the Fukushima Prefecture showed good predictions for radiocaesium in whole diet, spinach and Japanese radish (for which good long term test data were available). For the post-Fukushima period to 2015, radiocaesium in the average diet followed a declining time trend consistent with that seen after NWT and Chernobyl. Data for different regions post-Fukushima show a high degree of mixing of dietary foodstuffs between regions: significant over-estimates of average dietary 137Cs were made when it was assumed that only regionally-produced food was consumed. Predictions of mean committed effective internal doses from dietary 137Cs (2011 to 2061) in non-evacuated parts of the Fukushima Prefecture show that average internal dose is relatively low. This study focused on average regional ingestion dose rates and does not attempt to make site specific predictions. However, temporal trends identified could form a basis for site specific predictions of long term activity concentrations in agricultural products and diet both outside and (to assess potential re-use) inside currently evacuated areas.
|
['Cesium Radioisotopes', 'Chernobyl Nuclear Accident', 'Diet', 'Dietary Exposure', 'Fukushima Nuclear Accident', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Nuclear Weapons', 'Radiation Monitoring', 'Time Factors']
| 28,605,864
|
[['D01.268.549.125.500.300', 'D01.268.556.165.500.300', 'D01.496.180.300', 'D01.496.749.190', 'D01.552.528.160.500.300', 'D01.552.544.165.500.300'], ['K01.400.504.968.150', 'N06.850.135.848.500'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['N06.850.460.350.040'], ['K01.400.504.984.186', 'N06.850.135.848.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['J01.637.870.175.500', 'J01.637.870.900.575'], ['E05.799.638', 'N06.850.780.375.700', 'N06.850.810.370'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Automatic detection of open and closed eye states in the electroencephalographic (EEG) record for background EEG interpretation by the trigger method.
|
Automatic detection of open and closed eye states in electroencephalographic (EEG) records was investigated in this study as a part of procedures for the precise interpretation of the background EEG to achieve a comprehensive automatic EEG interpretation system. The features of eye open and closure were extracted from the EEG using a Markov process amplitude (MPA) EEG model, which could efficiently express the features of the EEG using a small number of parameters. A new technique, named the trigger method, was also developed to overcome the difficulty resulting from large differences in the EEG features among different subjects, because an accurate detection could not be obtained by using the conventional threshold method. The proposed method gave satisfactory results which conformed with those of visual inspection by a qualified EEGer and could be clinically used as a preprocessing method for the automatic interpretation of the awake background EEG.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Automation', 'Brain', 'Electroencephalography', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Markov Chains', 'Middle Aged', 'Ocular Physiological Phenomena']
| 10,898,472
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['J01.897.104'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E05.318.740.600.500', 'E05.318.740.996.500', 'G17.830.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.500', 'N05.715.360.750.770.500', 'N06.850.520.830.600.500', 'N06.850.520.830.996.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G14']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Inclusion of cetaceans within the order Artiodactyla based on phylogenetic analysis of pancreatic ribonuclease genes.
|
Mammalian secretory ribonucleases (RNases 1) form a family of extensively studied homologous proteins that were already used for phylogenetic analyses at the protein sequence level previously. In this paper we report the determination of six ribonuclease gene sequences of Artiodactyla and two of Cetacea. These sequences have been used with ruminant homologues in phylogenetic analyses that supported a group including hippopotamus and toothed whales, a group of ruminant pancreatic and brain-type ribonucleases, and a group of tylopod sequences containing the Arabian camel pancreatic ribonuclease gene and Arabian and Bactrian camel and alpaca RNase 1 genes of unknown function. In all analyses the pig was the first diverging artiodactyl. This DNA-based tree is compatible to published trees derived from a number of other genes. The differences to those trees obtained with ribonuclease protein sequences can be explained by the influence of convergence of pancreatic RNases from hippopotamus, camel, and ruminants and by taking into account the information from third codon positions in the DNA-based analyses. The evolution of sequence features of ribonucleases such as the distribution of positively charged amino acids and of potential glycosylation sites is described with regard to increased double-stranded RNA cleavage that is observed in several cetacean and artiodactyl RNases which may have no role in ruminant or ruminant-like digestion.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Artiodactyla', 'Base Sequence', 'Cetacea', 'DNA Primers', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'Ribonuclease, Pancreatic', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid']
| 10,093,226
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.875'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.350.715', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350.715'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Less is more: Negative income shock increases immediate preference in cross commodity discounting and food demand.
|
Negative income shock, or the rapid reduction in financial stability, has previously been shown to increase impulsive choice for money and demand for fast food. The interplay of these conditions for obesity is called reinforcer pathology. The present work examines the impact of negative income shock on monetary and fast food discounting using a cross-commodity delay discounting task and on purchasing of fast food and an alternative commodity. An obese sample (n = 120) was recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and assigned to read one of two narratives: negative income shock (n = 60) or control (n = 60). Participants then completed both within- and cross-commodity discounting tasks of money and food, and purchase tasks for fast food and bottled water. The negative income shock group demonstrated greater impulsive choice across discounting tasks, as well as higher intensity of demand for fast food but not for a non-caloric control commodity (bottled water). These results suggest that negative income shock increases preference for immediate reinforcement regardless of commodity type (money or fast food), but has specific effects increasing demand for particular commodities (fast food but not an alternative). In a reinforcer pathology framework, negative income shock increasing discounting of the future while increasing demand for fast food specifically represents a high-risk state for negative health behavior in obesity.
|
['Adult', 'Choice Behavior', 'Delay Discounting', 'Fast Foods', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Impulsive Behavior', 'Income', 'Male', 'Obesity', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 29,959,952
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['F02.463.785.373.346.700'], ['G07.203.300.477', 'J02.500.477'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.527'], ['N01.824.417'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of 8h of eucapnic and poikilocapnic hypoxia on middle cerebral artery velocity and heart rate in humans.
|
This study examines the effects of prolonged hypoxia, with and without control of end-tidal CO2 partial pressure (PET,CO2), on the intensity-weighted mean velocity of blood flow in the middle cerebral artery (VIWM) and on heart rate (HR). Specifically, the time course of the responses, their reversibility with brief periods of hyperoxia and the recovery phase following prolonged hypoxia were all investigated. Twelve subjects were studied, of whom nine provided satisfactory data. A purpose-built chamber was used for the prolonged control of the end-tidal gases, and an end-tidal forcing system was used for generating the brief variations in end-tidal gases. Three 16 h protocols were employed: (1) 8 h eucapnic (average PET,CO2 = 39 mmHg) hypoxia (end-tidal O2 partial pressure, PET,O2 = 55 mmHg) followed by 8 h eucapnic euoxia (PET,O2 = 100 mmHg); (2) 8 h poikilocapnic (average PET,CO2 4 mmHg below eucapnia) hypoxia (PET,O2 = 55 mmHg) followed by 8 h poikilocapnic euoxia (PET,O2 = 100 mmHg); and (3) control (air inspired throughout). VIWM (using Doppler ultrasound) and HR were measured during brief exposures to hypoxic/euoxic and hyperoxic conditions with PET,CO2 held 1-2 mmHg above eucapnia, at 0, 20, 240 and 480 min in the first 8 h, and at the same times in the second 8 h. There were no significant trends in VIWM under hypoxic conditions for either hypoxic protocol (ANOVA) and no significant differences between the three protocols for VIWM in hyperoxia (ANOVA). In contrast to VIWM, there was a significant increase in HR over time during both hypoxic exposures (P < 0.01, ANOVA). HR increased to a similar extent for the two types of hypoxia, and there was some suggestion that HR remained elevated after the relief of hypoxia. The results suggest that, with the level of hypoxia employed, progressive changes in HR occur, but that this level and duration of hypoxia has little sustained effect on VIWM.
|
['Blood Flow Velocity', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Hypocapnia', 'Hypoxia', 'Male', 'Time Factors', 'Ultrasonography']
| 9,257,119
|
[['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['A07.015.114.228'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.614'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Center and other factor effects in recipients of living-donor kidney transplants.
|
UNLABELLED: 1.LIVING DONOR KIDNEY TRANSPLANTS: Using 1996-2001 UNOS Registry data, we assessed the joint influence of center, 19 pre- and 5 posttransplant factors on renal allograft function in 21,830 patients transplanted with living donor kidneys. During an initial risk period, 21,033 recipients were projected to keep their grafts through one year (an average 96.4% one-year graft survival), and, in a second risk period, 17,775 recipients were projected to keep their grafts through 5 years (84.5% conditional 5-year graft survival after surviving one year posttransplant). 2. CENTER EFFECTS: Following multivariate log-linear analysis, 57.5% and 26.5% of assignable variation in one- and 5-year living-donor graft survival rates were due to the variation across 234 transplant centers. Center effect dominated other factors in influencing early outcomes among living kidney donor transplants. A program's size was associated with this center effect since all large centers (400+ living donor kidneys) had better-than-average one-year graft survival rates, whereas smaller centers (< or = 100 grafts) had wide ranges in short-term outcomes (87-100%). Center size did not play a role in explaining long-term variation, and the extent to which uniformity in care remains the responsibility of the original center needs to be investigated. 3.PRETRANSPLANT FACTOR EFFECTS: The impact of the 19 pretransplant cofactors on short-term outcomes among living donor transplants was clinically small--adjusted one-year graft survival rates across all categories exceeded 94%. However, their long-term effects were stronger and more typical of cadaveric results. The following 4 factors, each explaining > 10% of the assignable variation in conditional 5-year graft survival, were ranked and independently yielded poor results: 1) kidneys from parental donors; 2) grafts in male recipients; 3) teenage/adult recipients (> 12 years); and 4) black recipients. Recipient's original disease and body mass index, donor's race and age, and HLA matching were highly significant factors, but their impact on long-term graft survival was less than those observed previously in cadaveric renal transplants. 4.POSTTRANSPLANT FACTOR EFFECTS: Short- and long-term outcomes were relatively stable regardless of the maintenance drug initiated at hospital discharge. Living donor transplant outcomes were similar for Neoral versus Tacrolimus and for MMF versus azathioprine. Kidney graft survival among living donor transplants was strongly affected by delays in graft function or acute rejection episodes. 5.CONCLUSIONS: During the first year posttransplant, the benefits of receiving a living donor kidney (versus a cadaver kidney) mitigate negative cofactor risks of graft failure. Beyond one-year, recipients of living donor kidneys are subjected to the same deleterious effects from cofactors and early posttransplant events that impact the long-term graft survival following cadaveric transplantation.
|
['Female', 'Graft Rejection', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Living Donors', 'Male', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,211,785
|
[['G12.875.545.328'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.898.656'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Procedure- and Hospital-Level Variation of Deep Sternal Wound Infection From All-Japan Registry.
|
BACKGROUND: The outcome of cardiovascular surgery has been improving over time, but the treatment of postoperative complications such as deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) still needs critical attention. A nationwide surgical registry was analyzed for procedural details and hospital factors related to DSWI.METHODS: The study used the Japan Adult Cardiovascular Surgery Database, which captured data from 82% of all the hospitals performing cardiac surgery in Japan. A total of 109,717 surgical cases (34,980 coronary artery bypass grafting, 43,602 valve operations, 31,135 thoracic aortic operations) were included in the study.RESULTS: The overall incidence of DSWI was 1738 (1.6%). The 30-day mortality and operative mortality were 3311 (3.0%) and 5155 (4.7%), respectively. Across the 3 procedures, thoracic aortic operation showed the highest odds ratio (2.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.32 to 2.94) for operative mortality but the lowest (0.91; 95% CI:,0.73 to 1.13) for DSWI incidence. Conversely, coronary artery bypass grafting showed the lowest odds ratio (1.36; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.49) for operative mortality but the highest (1.52; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.76) for DSWI. There was also hospital-level variation: Correlation was statistically significant between the observed-to-expected ratio of DSWI incidence and the observed-to-expected mortality ratio of cardiovascular procedures across the hospitals, but the coefficient was small (r = .24, P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: Hospitals that have a lower risk-adjusted mortality rate of cardiovascular procedures do not always have a lower risk-adjusted DSWI occurrence rate. In addition, the incidence of DSWI varies across hospitals. We need to consider DSWI independently of surgical mortality, whereas for treatment we should consider both the specific hospital environment and the multidisciplinary care.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Female', 'Heart Valves', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Registries', 'Sternum', 'Surgical Wound Infection']
| 31,336,072
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['A07.541.510'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['A02.835.232.570.750'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A novel concept in antiangiogenic and antitumoral therapy: multitarget destabilization of short-lived mRNAs by the zinc finger protein ZFP36L1.
|
Angiogenesis inhibitors have shown clinical benefits in patients with advanced cancer, but further therapeutic improvement is needed. We have previously shown that the zinc finger protein 36, C3H type-like 1 (ZFP36L1) enhances vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA decay through its interaction with AU-rich elements within VEGF 3'-untranslated region. In this study, we evaluated the possibility to develop an antiangiogenic and antitumoral strategy using the mRNA-destabilizing activity of ZFP36L1. We engineered a cell-penetrating ZFP36L1, by fusing it to the protein transduction domains (PTDs) TAT derived from HIV, or the polyarginine peptides R7 or R9. PTD-ZFP36L1 fusion proteins were expressed in bacterial cells and affinity-purified to homogeneity. TAT-, R7- and R9-ZFP36L1 were efficiently internalized into living cells and decreased both endogenous VEGF mRNA half-life and VEGF protein levels in vitro. Importantly, a single injection of R9-TIS11b fusion protein into a high-VEGF expressing tissue in vivo (in this study, the mouse adrenal gland) markedly decreased VEGF expression. We further evaluated the effect of R9-ZFP36L1 on tumor growth using Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LL/2) cells implanted subcutaneously into nude mice. Intratumoral injection of R9-ZFP36L1 significantly reduced tumor growth and markedly decreased the expression of multiple angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines, including VEGF, acidic fibroblast growth factor, tumor necrosis factor á, interleukin (IL)-1á and IL-6, with a concomitant obliteration of tumor vascularization. These findings indicate that R9-ZFP36L1 fusion protein may represent a novel antiangiogenic and antitumoral agent, and supports the emerging idea that modulation of mRNA stability represents a promising therapeutic approach to treat cancer.
|
['Adrenal Glands', 'Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Butyrate Response Factor 1', 'COS Cells', 'Carcinoma, Lewis Lung', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Cytokines', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Mice, SCID', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'RNA Stability', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 20,802,528
|
[['A06.300.071'], ['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.725.030', 'D12.776.260.114', 'D12.776.460.287', 'D12.776.664.962.061'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['C04.557.470.200.280', 'C04.619.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['G02.111.780'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risk factors associated with secondary enucleation after fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in uveal melanoma.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate risk factors for secondary enucleation after fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (fSRT) in uveal melanoma.METHODS: In this retrospective study, clinical data of 118 consecutive patients who had initially been treated with fSRT between 1999 and 2009 were collected and analysed. The patients who had undergone secondary enucleation were identified and examined for clinical, histopathological and cytogenetical (fluorescence in situ hybridization determined) data. Also, the reasons for secondary enucleation, such as treatment failure (progressive tumour growth or tumour recurrence) or complications following fSRT (painful blind eye), were recorded and examined.RESULTS: The secondary enucleation rate was 16% after a median follow-up of 4.7 years, with 5% due to treatment failure and 11% due to complications. In the univariate analysis, large tumour diameter (p = 0.019) and large tumour height (p = 0.001) were associated with secondary enucleation, tumour involvement of the optic disc showed borderline significance (p = 0.068). Cox regression multivariate analysis displayed large tumour height as independent prognostic factor (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.12-1.81, p = 0.004). Following secondary enucleation, mitotic figures were present in five of 18 tumours, and gain of chromosome 8q was also present in five tumours. Within the subgroup of patients who required secondary enucleation due to failed tumour control by fSRT (N = 6), mitotic figures were present in four of six tumours while gain of 8q was present in three of six tumours.CONCLUSION: Secondary enucleation after previous fSRT was associated with large tumour height. High mitotic counts and gain of chromosome 8q were frequently found in secondary enucleations and possibly indicate a more aggressive or radiation-resistant tumour.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8', 'Dose Fractionation, Radiation', 'Eye Enucleation', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitotic Index', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Radiosurgery', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Treatment Failure', 'Uveal Neoplasms']
| 25,879,399
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.340', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.340'], ['E02.815.639.200'], ['E04.540.429'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.500', 'E05.200.500.385.500', 'E05.242.385.500'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E02.815.530', 'E04.525.800.650', 'E05.873.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760'], ['C04.588.364.978', 'C11.319.494', 'C11.941.855']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Paraplegia following removal of an epidural catheter].
|
Acute paraplegia caused by an epidural hematoma developed in a patient following the removal of an epidural catheter. This catheter had been used for 3 days for postoperative pain relief with no apparent complications. Heparin (10,000 units/day) had been infused for thrombosis prophylaxis and was associated with a normal activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) for the first two postoperative days. However, test results from blood drawn prior to catheter removal revealed, in retrospect, an unexpected prolongation of the aPTT (75 s) and PT (56%, Quick's method). An epidural hematoma extending from T12 to L4 was evacuated during emergency laminectomy and neurologic deficits resolved completely over the next days. Thus, the removal of an epidural catheter has the potential for inducing formation of an epidural hematoma. Accordingly, it may be safest to leave epidural catheters in place if test results demonstrate a bleeding diathesis or if a potential for bleeding is suspected on clinical grounds.
|
['Analgesia, Epidural', 'Catheters, Indwelling', 'Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Paraplegia']
| 1,822,600
|
[['E03.091.080'], ['E07.132.500'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.450.300', 'C10.900.300.837.300', 'C14.907.253.573.400.400', 'C23.550.414.838.349', 'C23.550.414.913.400', 'C26.915.300.490.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['C10.597.622.669', 'C23.888.592.636.637']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Higher levels of hepatitis C virus RNA found in blood donors co-infected with HIV as compared to HCV mono-infected donors.
|
INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are public health problems in sub-Saharan countries such as the Republic of Congo. HIV infection could impact the characteristics of HCV infection in co-infected people. We investigated HCV-HIV co-infection among blood donors in Congo.METHODOLOGY: Ninety-nine HIV-positive and/or HCV-seropositive blood donors were selected during screening and subsequently tested for aminotransferases and HCV RNA.RESULTS: A total of 29 donors were found positive for HCV RNA (HCV-infected individuals), including 19/60 (31.66%) HIV donors (co-infected) and 10/39 (25.64%) non-HIV donors (mono-infected). Most of the co-infected donors (17/19) displayed a high viral load (> 5 log). The median HCV RNA level was at least 2 logs higher in co-infected people. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also slightly higher in co-infected donors than in HCV mono-infected donors.CONCLUSION: This study reports HCV-HIV co-infection among blood donors in Congo and shows that HCV viral load is higher in HIV donors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Donors', 'Congo', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'RNA, Viral', 'Transaminases', 'Viral Load', 'Young Adult']
| 25,116,677
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.898.313'], ['Z01.058.290.100.140'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['D08.811.913.477.700'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Bacterial translocation in organ donors: clinical observations and potential risk factors.
|
Thirty-nine solid-organ donors were evaluated to determine the incidence of bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes. In addition, clinical variables from 59 local recipients of renal allografts from these donors were examined to assess whether translocation in donors was associated with increased morbidity in the recipients of organs from node-positive donors. Ileocecal lymph node cultures were positive in 18 of 39 donors (46%). Sixteen donors (41%) were hypotensive [systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mmHg] and 27 (69%) received blood product transfusions before organ donation. The presence of hypotension and blood product transfusion were associated with positive and negative cultures, respectively. In 24 (41%) of 59 organs transplanted from donors with periods of hypotension, significantly more (16 of 24, 67%) were associated with positive lymph node cultures than with negative cultures (8 of 24, 33%; p = 0.029). In recipients of organs from node-positive versus node-negative donors there was a trend toward higher incidence of infection (32% vs. 25%), need for hemodialysis post-transplant (29% vs. 23%), graft loss within 1 yr (24% vs. 19%), and lack of blood transfusion prior to organ procurement (43% vs. 23%), although these variables were not significantly different between the groups. Hypotension or inadequate resuscitation may contribute to increased bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes. The overall impact upon the recipients of organs from donors with demonstrable translocation to lymph nodes remains undefined.
|
['Bacterial Infections', 'Bacterial Translocation', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Cecum', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Graft Survival', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Hypotension', 'Ileum', 'Incidence', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Length of Stay', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Mesentery', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Resuscitation', 'Risk Factors', 'Tissue Donors']
| 9,267,714
|
[['C01.150.252'], ['G06.099.114'], ['E02.095.135'], ['A03.556.124.526.209', 'A03.556.249.249.209'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.514'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.451'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E02.365.647'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['M01.898']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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