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A comparison of methods for the isolation of salmonellae from sewage sludge.
|
Methods for the isolation of salmonellae from sewage sludge were compared. Buffered peptone water and lactose broth were compared to determine their efficiencies as preenrichment media and temperature and duration of incubation were also investigated. In addition five enrichment and five plating media were compared together with the effects of multiple plating of enrichment broths. Buffered peptone water incubated at 43 degrees C for 24 h was shown to be the pre-enrichment method of choice with enrichment in the RB 10 form of Rappaport's broth incubated at 43 degrees C for 48 h and plating at 24 and 48 h onto brilliant green agar containing sulphamandelate supplement and Hynes' modification of desoxycholate citrate agar. Of the 100 samples used in the study. 96 were found to be positive for salmonella by at least one of the procedures used. A total of 15 Salmonella serotypes were isolated. Salmonella virchow being the most common.
|
['Bacteriological Techniques', 'Humans', 'Salmonella', 'Sewage', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Water Microbiology']
| 6,377,754
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.440.450.425.800', 'B03.660.250.150.710'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Interaction between macrophages and aortic smooth muscle cells. Enhancement of cholesterol esterification in smooth muscle cells by media of macrophages incubated with acetylated LDL.
|
Mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured for 24 h in Dulbecco-Vogt medium containing 10% calf serum. This medium was replaced with Dulbecco-Vogt medium containing 1% bovine serum albumin to which all subsequent additions were made. Medium changes, accompanied by appropriate additions, were made every 48 or 72 h and the media were used for incubation of aortic smooth muscle cells, prelabeled with [3H]cholesterol. The amount of labeled cholesteryl ester in the smooth muscle cells incubated for 48 h with macrophage media which had been collected 48-144 h after addition of acetylated LDL was increased 3-4 times above that present prior to postincubation. A marked increment in cholesteryl ester mass occurred also after incubation of smooth muscle cells with macrophage media conditioned with acetylated LDL and this effect was shared by maleylated LDL, but not by other negatively charged compounds. The increase in labeled cholesteryl ester in smooth muscle cells was more pronounced with media collected at later time intervals of incubation with macrophages and was evident 8 hr after postincubation. Only the d less than 1.063 fraction of the medium enhanced cholesterol esterification in smooth muscle cells. The acetylated LDL reisolated from macrophage media at d less than 1.063 did not compete with native LDL for degradation by smooth muscle cells. No increase in degradation of 125I-labeled acetylated LDL preincubated with macrophages was observed above that of non-preincubated acetylated LDL. The macrophage medium conditioned with acetylated LDL depressed [14C]acetate incorporation into sterols in smooth muscle cells and this effect was abolished by extraction of the medium with diethyl ether. The ratio of free to total cholesterol in the macrophage media collected after incubation with acetylated LDL increased from 28-70%, and a decrease occurred after incubation with smooth muscle cells. The enhancement of cholesterol esterification could be abolished by addition of high density apolipoprotein/sphingomyelin mixture during incubation with macrophages, even though excretion of free cholesterol into the medium increased 3-fold. It is proposed that when smooth muscle cells are presented with a lipoprotein in which an increase in the free to esterified cholesterol ratio occurred, and which is not recognized by a specific receptor, the enhancement of cellular cholesterol esterification is due mostly to a surface transfer of lipoprotein-free cholesterol. The present results offer another view of the possible interactions between macrophages and smooth muscle cells. A modified lipoprotein, not recognized by smooth muscle cells, is ingested by macrophages, which leads to accumulation of esterified cholesterol. Part of the esterified cholesterol undergoes hydrolysis and is excreted back into the medium, leading to enrichment of the lipoproteins in the medium with free cholesterol. This enrichment with free cholesterol promotes cholesterol esterification in smooth muscle cells.
|
['Acylation', 'Animals', 'Aorta', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cholesterol Esters', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Rats']
| 7,295,747
|
[['G02.111.012', 'G02.607.063', 'G03.040'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284.200', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197.200', 'D10.570.938.208.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Excellent activity of newer quinolones on Legionella pneumophila in J774 macrophages.
|
The activity of six antibiotics directed against intracellularly multiplying Legionella pneumophilia was examined in tissue cultures with J774 macrophages. The drugs tested were the new quinolones, BAY Y 3118 and clinafloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin and ampicillin served as reference drugs. Additionally, the MICs of these drugs against L. pneumophila were determined in vitro by broth microdilution. Despite their low MIC values, ampicillin and gentamicin did not inhibit intracellular multiplication of L. pneumophila in J774 macrophages. In contrast, an inhibition of intracellular growth could be demonstrated for the four other antibiotics. The new quinolones BAY Y 3118 and clinafloxacin showed the highest activity against intracellular L. pneumophila. At a concentration of 0.00078 mg/L already, a marked reduction in bacterial counts was seen for both drugs in comparison to the growth control without antibiotics. The corresponding effective concentrations were 0.0125 mg/L for ciprofloxacin and 0.2 mg/L for erythromycin. It may be concluded that new quinolone derivatives might become an alternative to erythromycin and rifampicin which at present are the drugs of primary choice for the treatment of legionnaires' disease.
|
['Ampicillin', 'Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Erythromycin', 'Fluoroquinolones', 'Gentamicins', 'Legionella pneumophila', "Legionnaires' Disease", 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Penicillins', 'Quinolones', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,084,116
|
[['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.186'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['D02.540.576.500.992'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322'], ['D09.408.051.374'], ['B03.440.400.425.450.450.500', 'B03.660.250.460.460.580'], ['C01.150.252.400.500.501', 'C01.748.382.380', 'C08.730.382.380'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D02.065.589.099.750', 'D02.886.108.750', 'D03.633.100.300.750'], ['D03.633.100.810.835'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An induced current method for measuring zeta potential of electrolyte solution-air interface.
|
This paper reports a novel and very simple method for measuring the zeta potential of electrolyte solution-air interface. When a measuring electrode contacts the electrolyte solution-air interface, an electrical current will be generated due to the potential difference between the electrode-air surface and the electrolyte solution-air interface. The amplitude of the measured electric signal is linearly proportional to this potential difference; and depends only on the zeta potential at the electrolyte solution-air interface, regardless of the types and concentrations of the electrolyte. A correlation between the zeta potential and the measured voltage signal is obtained based on the experimental data. Using this equation, the zeta potential of any electrolyte solution-air interface can be evaluated quickly and easily by inserting an electrode through the electrolyte solution-air interface and measuring the electrical signal amplitude. This method was verified by comparing the obtained results of NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions of different pH values and concentrations with the zeta potential data reported in the published journal papers.
|
['Air', 'Calcium Chloride', 'Electricity', 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Electrodes', 'Electrolytes', 'Magnesium Chloride', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Solutions', 'Water']
| 24,370,408
|
[['G16.500.275.063.150', 'N06.230.300.100.150'], ['D01.146.300', 'D01.210.450.150.150'], ['G01.358.500.249'], ['E05.301'], ['E07.305.250'], ['D01.248'], ['D01.210.450.150.500', 'D01.524.475'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['D26.776'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Paradoxes of GP fundholding: contracting for community health services in the British National Health Service.
|
The expansion of GP fundholding (GPFH) is central to the British government's attempt to maintain the revolution under way in the National Health Service (NHS). Evaluations of the NHS reforms have portrayed GPFH as an important mechanism for competition, and GPFH's bargaining power is reported to have secured significant changes in health service provision. However, these developments have been acknowledged to be less applicable in relation to community health services (CHS) than acute hospital services. On the basis of case studies of the process of contracting for CHS, GPFHs are shown to display ambivalent and sometimes contradictory views which have to be related to broader policy developments in general practice and primary care. Although this paper focuses on the British situation, many of the issues raised by reforms in primary and community health services have implications for developments in other Western health care systems.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Community Health Services', 'Competitive Bidding', 'Family Practice', 'Health Policy', 'Humans', 'State Medicine', 'United Kingdom']
| 9,428,087
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['N02.421.143'], ['N03.219.463.100.110'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Who multi-tasks and why? Multi-tasking ability, perceived multi-tasking ability, impulsivity, and sensation seeking.
|
The present study examined the relationship between personality and individual differences in multi-tasking ability. Participants enrolled at the University of Utah completed measures of multi-tasking activity, perceived multi-tasking ability, impulsivity, and sensation seeking. In addition, they performed the Operation Span in order to assess their executive control and actual multi-tasking ability. The findings indicate that the persons who are most capable of multi-tasking effectively are not the persons who are most likely to engage in multiple tasks simultaneously. To the contrary, multi-tasking activity as measured by the Media Multitasking Inventory and self-reported cell phone usage while driving were negatively correlated with actual multi-tasking ability. Multi-tasking was positively correlated with participants' perceived ability to multi-task ability which was found to be significantly inflated. Participants with a strong approach orientation and a weak avoidance orientation--high levels of impulsivity and sensation seeking--reported greater multi-tasking behavior. Finally, the findings suggest that people often engage in multi-tasking because they are less able to block out distractions and focus on a singular task. Participants with less executive control--low scorers on the Operation Span task and persons high in impulsivity--tended to report higher levels of multi-tasking activity.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Executive Function', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Impulsive Behavior', 'Individuality', 'Male', 'Personality Inventory', 'Risk-Taking', 'Self Efficacy', 'Self Report', 'Sensation', 'Task Performance and Analysis']
| 23,372,720
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.527'], ['F01.752.488'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['F01.145.722'], ['F01.752.747.792.700'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['F02.830.816', 'G11.561.790'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The resistance to change of observing.
|
Observing responses produce contact with discriminative stimuli and have been considered analogous to attending. Many studies have examined the effects of reinforcement rate on the resistance to change of simple operant behavior, but nothing is known about the resistance to change of observing. Two experiments examined the effects of primary reinforcement rate on the resistance to change of observing behavior of pigeons. In Experiment 1, a multiple schedule of observing-response procedures was arranged. In a rich component, observing responses produced stimuli correlated with a high rate of random-interval (RI) reinforcement or extinction. In a lean component, observing responses produced stimuli correlated with a lower rate of RI reinforcement or extinction. In both components, observing responses produced the multiple-schedule stimuli on a fixed-interval 0.75-s schedule. In Experiment 2, a similar procedure was used, but observing in the rich and lean components produced schedule-correlated stimuli on an RI 15-s schedule. Observing in the rich component occurred at a higher rate and was more resistant to disruptions produced by presession feeding and response-independent food deliveries during intercomponent intervals. Despite more frequent observing during unsignaled periods of extinction than unsignaled periods of RI reinforcement, observing during extinction periods was less resistant to change. In addition, replicating the usual result, responding on the food key was generally more resistant to change in the presence of stimuli associated with higher reinforcement rates. These results suggest that quantitative descriptions of resistance to change derived with simple food-maintained responding may be applicable to observing, and perhaps by extension, to attending.
|
['Animals', 'Appetitive Behavior', 'Association Learning', 'Attention', 'Color Perception', 'Columbidae', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Extinction, Psychological', 'Motivation', 'Orientation', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Reinforcement Schedule']
| 14,964,708
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113.111'], ['F02.463.425.069.296'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.593.932.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.165.150'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['F02.463.425.770.232'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F02.463.425.770.644']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development and application of a high-performance liquid chromatography method using monolithic columns for the analysis of ecstasy tablets.
|
A rapid and selective HPLC method using monolithic columns was developed for the separation and quantification of the principal amphetamines in ecstasy tablets. Three monolithic (Chromolith RP18e) columns of different lengths (25, 50 and 100 mm) were assessed. Validation studies including linearity, selectivity, precision, accuracy and limit of detection and quantification were carried out using the Chromolith SpeedROD, RP-18e, 50 mm x 4.6 mm column. Column backpressure and van Deemter plots demonstrated that monolithic columns provide higher efficiency at higher flow rates when compared to particulate columns without the loss of peak resolution. Application of the monolithic column to a large number of ecstasy tablets seized in Ireland ensured its suitability for the routine analysis of ecstasy tablets.
|
['3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Hallucinogens', 'N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine', 'Reference Standards', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Tablets', 'Technology, Pharmaceutical']
| 16,466,734
|
[['D02.092.471.683.152.660'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D27.505.696.388', 'D27.505.954.427.700.372'], ['D02.092.471.683.152.670'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['D26.255.830'], ['E05.916', 'J01.897.836']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Admixture analysis of plasma cholesterol levels in a Jewish population sample in Jerusalem.
|
The frequency distribution of total plasma cholesterol levels (TC) in 17-year-old Jerusalem youngsters and their parents (n = 6,170) was examined for evidence of admixture of normal distributions. Probability plots indicated bimodality of age-adjusted TC in both sexes. Using a maximum likelihood procedure, two normal distributions fitted the age- and sex-adjusted data significantly better than 1, with 0.9% males and 1.2% females coming from a lower distribution 2-3 standard deviations below the major mode and 0.2% males and 1.1% females belonging to the higher distribution. These results suggest that single genes may determine high as well as low cholesterol levels, but are open to other interpretations, and thus require confirmation by segregation analysis. Jews originating from Europe showed the highest TC levels followed by those from Israel, Asia, and Africa. Adjustment of TC for ethnicity did not alter the above estimates. Analysis of bimodality within countries of origin showed greater separation of the distributions in Asian and Israeli origin groups than in European and North African groups, in whom there was less evidence for admixture.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cholesterol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Israel', 'Jews', 'Lipoproteins, HDL', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Triglycerides']
| 6,745,957
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375'], ['M01.686.754.600'], ['D10.532.432', 'D12.776.521.479'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
[Megaloblastic anemia and platelet function--a qualitative platelet defect in pernicious anemia].
|
In order to know the entities of platelet defect in pernicious anemia, we investigated platelet functions in ten cases with pernicious anemia. Three of the cases had total gastrectomy. Five cases showed thrombocytopenia and four cases revealed prolongation of Ivy bleeding time. Decreased adhesiveness was observed in three cases. Various abnormalities in platelet aggregation were observed. However, almost all of the cases showed remarkable improvement of decreased platelet functions after the therapy of Vitamin B12 injection. The results of adenine nucleotides in platelets and the release of them following collagen or epinephrine aggregation were analysed in comparison with normal platelets. The ADP was definitely decreased and the ATP/ADP ratio was increased. In addition, the release of ATP and ADP at collagen or epinephrine induced aggregation was markedly decreased, and after the therapy of Vitamin B12, the decrease of adenine nucleotide release remarkably increased. In summary, the acquired defects of platelet function in pernicious anemia are regarded as a secondary storage pool disease, and its defects improve after Vitamin B12 therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anemia, Macrocytic', 'Anemia, Megaloblastic', 'Anemia, Pernicious', 'Blood Platelets', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency']
| 2,329,689
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C15.378.071.252'], ['C15.378.071.252.196'], ['C15.378.071.252.196.500', 'C18.654.521.500.133.699.923.280'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['C15.378.100.685', 'C15.378.140.735', 'C15.378.463.735']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of magnesium coating on bone-implant interfaces with and without polyether-ether-ketone particle interference: A rabbit model based on porous Ti6Al4V implants.
|
We investigated the effects of magnesium (Mg) on osteogenesis and bone resorption at a porous structure interface. A three-dimensional (3D)-printed porous Ti6Al4V implant coated with Mg was introduced, and polyether-ether-ketone wear particles were added to generate an animal model of implant loosening. We also examined the effects of Mg leach liquor on osteoblast/osteoclast gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, and bone resorption in vitro. Mg inhibited the early stage of osteoclast differentiation and inhibited bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. However, Mg did not enhance osteogenesis in vitro or in vivo in the porous structures or in peripheral areas around the implants. For implants with porous structures, the Mg coating did not improve the osteogenic ability by itself, but could restrain peri-implant osteolysis, which may make it favorable for use in patients with osteoporosis. Further studies are needed to examine the precise mechanism of Mg-induced anti-osteolysis and the long-term effects of Mg-coated implants in humans. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2388-2396, 2019.
|
['Animals', 'Bone-Implant Interface', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Coated Materials, Biocompatible', 'Humans', 'Implants, Experimental', 'Ketones', 'Magnesium', 'Materials Testing', 'Osteoclasts', 'Osteogenesis', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Printing, Three-Dimensional', 'Rabbits', 'Titanium']
| 30,684,307
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.835.232.022', 'A10.165.265.183', 'E07.695.125'], ['G04.152'], ['D25.130.420', 'J01.637.051.130.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.695.340'], ['D02.522'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['E05.570'], ['A11.329.372.700', 'A11.627.482.700'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['J01.897.564', 'L01.224.108.150.500', 'L01.296.110.150.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis on Two Typical Landslide Hazard Phenomena in The Wenchuan Earthquake by Field Investigations and Shaking Table Tests.
|
Based on our field investigations of landslide hazards in the Wenchuan earthquake, some findings can be reported: (1) the multi-aspect terrain facing empty isolated mountains and thin ridges reacted intensely to the earthquake and was seriously damaged; (2) the slope angles of most landslides was larger than 45°. Considering the above disaster phenomena, the reasons are analyzed based on shaking table tests of one-sided, two-sided and four-sided slopes. The analysis results show that: (1) the amplifications of the peak accelerations of four-sided slopes is stronger than that of the two-sided slopes, while that of the one-sided slope is the weakest, which can indirectly explain the phenomena that the damage is most serious; (2) the amplifications of the peak accelerations gradually increase as the slope angles increase, and there are two inflection points which are the point where the slope angle is 45° and where the slope angle is 50°, respectively, which can explain the seismic phenomenon whereby landslide hazards mainly occur on the slopes whose slope angle is bigger than 45°. The amplification along the slope strike direction is basically consistent, and the step is smooth.
|
['China', 'Disasters', 'Earthquakes', 'Landslides', 'Risk Assessment']
| 26,258,785
|
[['Z01.252.474.164'], ['N06.230.100'], ['G01.311.250', 'N06.230.100.230.200'], ['G01.311.603', 'N06.230.100.230.625'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Angiographic diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas.
|
Balloon embolization was attempted in 7 patients with posttraumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas. The procedure was successful in 4 patients and failed in 3 other. Two of these fistulas showed spontaneous regression after failed embolization. In one patient, premature detachment of the balloon led to cerebral infarction, but with total clinical recovery. One patient showed temporary palsy of the VIth cranial nerve after embolization.
|
['Angiography', 'Arteriovenous Fistula', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Catheterization', 'Cavernous Sinus', 'Craniocerebral Trauma', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Humans', 'Vision Disorders']
| 2,488,453
|
[['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['C14.240.850.750.147', 'C14.240.850.984.750', 'C14.907.150.125', 'C14.907.933.555', 'C16.131.240.850.750.125', 'C23.300.575.950.250'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['A07.015.908.224.334'], ['C10.900.300', 'C26.915.300'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.751.941', 'C11.966', 'C23.888.592.763.941']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
ST-segment elevation resolution in lead aVR: a strong predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome.
|
BACKGROUND: The impact of ST-segment elevation resolution in lead aVR on outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS) is unclear.METHODS AND RESULTS: Electrocardigrams (ECGs) were recorded on admission and 6 h later in 367 patients with NSTE-ACS. ST-segment deviation >or=0.5 mm was considered significant: 92 patients had ST-segment elevation in lead aVR on admission ECG (ST upward arrowaVR), and 275 did not. Among patients with ST upward arrowaVR, 50 had ST resolution, defined as a reduction >50% in the degree of ST-segment elevation in lead aVR from admission to 6 h later, and 42 did not. ST upward arrowaVR without ST resolution was associated with older age, greater ST-segment depression in other leads on admission and 6 h later, higher rates of positive troponin T, left main and/or 3-vessel coronary disease, and adverse events such as death, (re)infarction, or urgent revascularization within 30 days after admission. Multivariate analysis showed that ST upward arrowaVR without ST resolution was the strongest independent predictor of death or (re)infarction within 30 days after admission (hazard ratio 5.62, p=0.018).CONCLUSIONS: ST upward arrowaVR without ST resolution is a strong predictor of 30-day adverse outcomes and correlates with the extent and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with NSTE-ACS.
|
['Acute Coronary Syndrome', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Myocardial Revascularization', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Triage', 'Troponin T']
| 18,577,810
|
[['C14.280.647.124', 'C14.907.585.124'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E04.100.376.719', 'E04.928.220.520'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['N02.421.297.900'], ['D05.500.945.962', 'D05.750.078.730.825.962', 'D12.776.210.500.910.962', 'D12.776.220.525.825.962']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of Age and Noise Exposure on Proxy Measures of Cochlear Synaptopathy.
|
Although there is strong histological evidence for age-related synaptopathy in humans, evidence for the existence of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy in humans is inconclusive. Here, we sought to evaluate the relative contributions of age and noise exposure to cochlear synaptopathy using a series of electrophysiological and behavioral measures. We extended an existing cohort by including 33 adults in the age range 37 to 60, resulting in a total of 156 participants, with the additional older participants resulting in a weakening of the correlation between lifetime noise exposure and age. We used six independent regression models (corrected for multiple comparisons), in which age, lifetime noise exposure, and high-frequency audiometric thresholds were used to predict measures of synaptopathy, with a focus on differential measures. The models for auditory brainstem responses, envelope-following responses, interaural phase discrimination, and the co-ordinate response measure of speech perception were not statistically significant. However, both age and noise exposure were significant predictors of performance on the digit triplet test of speech perception in noise, with greater noise exposure (unexpectedly) predicting better performance in the 80 dB sound pressure level (SPL) condition and greater age predicting better performance in the 40 dB SPL condition. Amplitude modulation detection thresholds were also significantly predicted by age, with older listeners performing better than younger listeners at 80 dB SPL. Overall, the results are inconsistent with the predicted effects of synaptopathy.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Audiometry, Pure-Tone', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Cochlea', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem', 'Female', 'Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Noise', 'Speech Perception']
| 31,558,119
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.055'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['A09.246.300.246'], ['G07.265.216.500.370.300', 'G07.888.250.300', 'G11.561.200.500.370.300'], ['C09.218.458.341.887.460', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887.460', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mutations in the nucleotide binding domain of the alpha subunits of the F1-ATPase from thermophilic Bacillus PS3 that affect cross-talk between nucleotide binding sites.
|
Inactivation of MF1 (bovine mitochondrial F1-ATPase) with 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoylethenoadenosine is caused by labeling alpha Y244 [Verburg, J. G., and Allison, W. S. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 8065-8074]. In the crystal structure [Abrahams, J.P., Leslie, A. G. W., Lutter, R., and Walker, J. E. (1994) Nature 370, 621-628], alpha Y244 is hydrogen bonded to alpha R304 which is also hydrogen bonded to alpha Y300. The catalytic properties of mutant alpha 3 beta 3 gamma subcomplexes of the TF1-ATPase from the thermophilic Bacillus PS3 containing the alpha F244C, alpha R304C, and alpha Y300C substitutions have been examined. Each has unique features for hydrolyzing ATP and forming inhibitory ADP-fluoroaluminate complexes in catalytic sites. Unlike wild-type, the (alpha R304C)3 beta 3 gamma and (alpha Y300C)3 beta 3 gamma subcomplexes entrap inhibitory MgADP in a catalytic site during turnover which fails to dissociate when ATP binds to noncatalytic sites. Although the hydrolytic properties of the (alpha F244C)3 beta 3 gamma subcomplex and wild-type are similar, the mutant forms ADP-fluoroaluminate complexes 7 times faster than wild-type when Al3+ and F- are added to it in the presence of excess ADP and Mg2+. It also resists inhibition by high Mg2+ concentrations in the assay medium. At least one noncatalytic site of the (alpha F244C)3 beta 3 gamma subcomplex has increased affinity for ADP, indicating that the enhanced rate of formation of the ADP-fluoroaluminate complex reflects augmented cooperativity between noncatalytic and catalytic sites. The rate of formation of the ADP-fluoroaluminate complex in (alpha Y300C)3 beta 3 gamma increases only 40% when MgADP in bound to two catalytic sites rather than one, compared to a 9-fold increase exhibited by wild type. When Al3+ and F- are added to the (alpha Y300C)3 beta 3 gamma subcomplex after incubation with excess ADP and Mg2+, ADP-fluoroaluminate complexes are formed in three catalytic sites rather than two observed with the other subcomplexes. Reconciliation of the catalytic properties of the mutant subcomplexes in terms of the crystal structure suggests that alpha F244, alpha R304, and alpha Y300 of TF1 are part of a pathway that propagates conformational signals from one catalytic site to another.
|
['Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Aluminum', 'Arginine', 'Bacillus', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Binding Sites', 'Cysteine', 'Fluorine', 'Hydrolysis', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Phenylalanine', 'Proton-Translocating ATPases', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Tyrosine']
| 9,454,591
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D01.268.557.050', 'D01.552.547.050'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218', 'B03.353.500.100.218', 'B03.510.100.100.218', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['D01.268.380.300'], ['G02.380'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.325', 'D08.811.913.696.650.150.500', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.500'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Elderly people at home disabled by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
|
BACKGROUND: We compared uptake of hospital and community-based support in elderly people disabled by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), normal controls (NCs) and patients with Parkinsons disease, stroke, amputation, or arthritis (disabled controls; DCs).METHODS: There were 65 subjects (35 men) aged 70-93 years (mean 78) with COPD, 55 NCs [23 men; age range 71-90 years (mean 78)] and 53 DCs [27 men; age range 70-92 years (mean 78)]. Patients with COPD and DCs were outpatients with Nottingham extended activities of daily living (NEADL) score < 16. NCs came from a community survey. Subjects with COPD were clinically stable. All were cognitively intact.RESULTS: Mean NEADL scores (and range) were: 10.2 (3-15) for patients with COPD, 9.4 (3-15) for DCs (t=1.14, P=0.26) and 19.0 (11-21) for NCs. There was no difference in meals-on-wheels, district nurse or hospital or physiotherapy provision between patients with COPD and NCs, but those with COPD received more home care (P < 0.01). DCs received more home care (P=0.04), more district nurse input (P < 0.001) and more physiotherapy (P < 0.0001) than those with COPD.CONCLUSIONS: Despite moderate or severe disability, elderly patients with COPD receive little statutory domiciliary support. Reasons for this need further exploration.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Disabled Persons', 'Female', 'Home Care Services', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases, Obstructive', 'Male']
| 9,884,013
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.150'], ['N02.421.143.524', 'N02.421.539.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.495']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of aging and beta-amyloid on the properties of brain synaptic and mitochondrial membranes.
|
The effects of aging and of different amyloid beta-peptides (A beta) on the properties of purified synaptosomal plasma and mitochondrial membranes were studied using different fluorescent dyes. Aging led to opposite membrane alterations in both mouse brain fractions. Cholesterol levels were significantly enhanced in synaptosomal plasma membranes (SPM) from aged mice only. Flexibility of membrane fatty acids was decreased in synaptosomal plasma and mitochondrial membranes, mobility of pyrene was enhanced, but in SPM only. With regard to acyl chain flexibility in aged brain membranes, both membrane preparations were less sensitive to A beta. By contrast, effects of A beta on the mobility of pyrene were not reduced for aged synaptic membranes, but even seemed to be enhanced in the case of aged mitochondrial membranes. The data presented significantly enhance our understanding of the mechanism of the A beta's disordering effects on synaptosomal membranes that are also detectable for mitochondrial membranes and show for the first time that A beta effects are modified by brain aging. This is of special interest since membrane alterations and in particular modifications of membrane cholesterol were recently linked to Alzheimer's Disease.
|
['Aging', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cholesterol', 'Diphenylhexatriene', 'Fatty Acids', 'Female', 'Fluorescence Polarization', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Intracellular Membranes', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Mitochondria', 'Pyrenes', 'Synaptic Membranes', 'Synaptosomes']
| 11,716,141
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.250'], ['D10.251'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.390'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['A11.284.149.450', 'A11.284.835.514'], ['D10.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.799', 'D04.615.799'], ['A08.850.800', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.800', 'A11.284.149.844'], ['A11.284.835.859']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of 2 generational improvements in colonoscopes on adenoma miss rates: results of a prospective randomized multicenter tandem study.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Numerous randomized studies have shown that changing certain features of colonoscopes, usually incorporated when switching from one endoscope generation to the next, mostly do not increase adenoma yield. There is, however, indirect evidence that it may be necessary to skip one instrument generation (ie, changing from one generation to the next but one) to achieve this effect.METHODS: We compared the latest-generation colonoscopes from one company (Olympus Exera III, 190-C) with the next to last one (Olympus 160/5-C) in a prospective multicenter study randomized for the order of colonoscopes in a tandem fashion, involving 2 different examiners. Patients with increased risk for colorectal neoplasia undergoing colonoscopy (positive fecal occult blood test, personal/familial history of colorectal cancer/adenoma, rectal bleeding, recent change in bowel movements) were included. The primary outcome was the adenoma miss rate with the 190 (190-C) colonoscope in comparison with the 160/5 colonoscope (160/5-C).RESULTS: A total of 856 patients (48.8% male; mean age, 58.3 years) with a personal (41%) or family (38%) history of colorectal neoplasia, rectal bleeding (19%), and other indications were included. Of the 429 patients in the 190-C first group, 16.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.0%-20.1%) had at least one adenoma missed during the first procedure, compared with 30.2% (95% CI, 25.9%-34.6%) in the group with 160/5-C first (P < .001). Similarly, the adenoma detection rate during the first colonoscopy was 43.8% versus 36.5% (P = .030) for 190-C versus 160/5-C, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: This randomized tandem trial showed lower adenoma miss rates and higher adenoma detection rates for the newer 190 colonoscopes compared with the 160/5 series. These results suggest that it takes multiple improvements, such as those implemented over 2 instrument generations, before an effect on adenoma (miss) rate can be observed. (Study registration number: ISRCTN 2010-A01256-33.).
|
['Adenoma', 'Adenomatous Polyps', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Colonic Polyps', 'Colonoscopes', 'Colonoscopy', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies']
| 29,410,020
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['C04.557.470.035.215'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.300.825.411.235'], ['E07.230.220.260.160', 'E07.858.240.260.160'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Polymorphism in apolipoprotein(a) kringle IV 37(Met/Thr): frequency in a London population and its association with coronary artery disease.
|
BACKGROUND: A raised concentration of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in human plasma has been considered as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Apolipoprotein(a) and plasminogen genes are exceptionally similar to a variable number of plasminogen-like kringle IV repeats in the apo(a) gene. Polymorphisms have been previously identified in the apolipoprotein(a) kringle IV 37.HYPOTHESIS: In order to determine the frequency of the apolipoprotein(a) kringle IV 37 Met66-->Thr polymorphism in a London-based population and to assess the relationship of this polymorphism with CAD in Caucasian patients, we genotyped two groups of people of different ethnic origin (Caucasian and Afro-Caribbean) for the mutation using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques.METHODS: The first group consisted of 182 unrelated Caucasian patients (107 men and 75 women, mean age 59.7 +/- 10.2 years) recruited at St. George's Hospital. They were defined as patients with 0, 1 or > or = 2 vessel disease patients depending on the degree of stenosis in none, one, or several major epicardial arteries. The second group comprised 64 unrelated patients of Afro-Caribbean origin attending a hypertension clinic at St. George's Hospital.RESULTS: It was shown that the prevalence of the Met66-->Thr mutation is markedly higher in Caucasians than in Afro-Caribbeans and that this mutation is not associated with either Lp(a) levels or severity of CAD.
|
['Aged', 'Apolipoproteins A', 'Coronary Disease', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'London', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Point Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors']
| 9,377,824
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D10.532.091.200', 'D12.776.070.400.200', 'D12.776.521.120.200'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.433.553', 'Z01.542.363.300.553'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A Dyadic Analysis on Source Discrepancy and a Mediation Analysis via Self-Efficacy in the Parental Support and Physical Activity Relationship among Black Girls.
|
BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) declines in adolescence among black girls. This study assesses how moderate/vigorous physical activity (MVPA) relates to caregiver- vs. adolescent-reported parental support and whether the relationship is mediated by self-efficacy.METHODS: MVPA was assessed through accelerometry. Parental support and encouragement on adolescents' PA were reported by caregivers and adolescents with a 10-item Social Support and Exercise Survey. Adolescent-reported self-efficacy related to PA was assessed with an 8-item scale. Structural equation modeling assessed source variation (caregiver vs. adolescent report) in the relationship between parental support and MVPA and mediation through adolescent self-efficacy.RESULTS: The sample includes black adolescent girls (n = 272), with mean age of 11.6 years (standard deviation = 0.7), and average MVPA/day of 40.6 minutes. Caregiver/adolescent agreement on parental support was low (weighted Kappa <0.20). There was significant source variation in the parental support-MVPA relationship (Wald ÷2 = 4.18, df = 1, p = 0.041); adolescent-reported support was related to MVPA (b = 0.40, standard error = 0.14, p = 0.003) and mediated through self-efficacy (95% bootstrapped confidence interval: 0.05-0.29). Caregiver-reported support or BMI z-score was not related to MVPA.CONCLUSIONS: The association between MVPA and adolescent-reported parental support among black adolescent girls is explained by positive self-efficacy. Findings suggest that effective adolescent/caregiver communication around parental support on PA relates to high adolescent self-efficacy and supports objectively measured PA. Additional research is merited to examine longitudinal patterns. Furthermore, although 51.5% of girls in the sample were overweight or obese, the lack of association between MVPA and body composition minimizes its implication for mitigating obesity among overweight/obese black adolescent girls.
|
['African Americans', 'Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Parents', 'Pediatric Obesity', 'Self Efficacy', 'Social Support', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 30,653,347
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['C18.654.726.500.720', 'C23.888.144.699.500.750', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.750'], ['F01.752.747.792.700'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Feasibility study of semi-selective protein precipitation with salt-tolerant copolymers for industrial purification of therapeutic antibodies.
|
We present a feasibility study for an antibody capturing process from clarified cell culture fluid using semi-selective protein precipitation with salt-tolerant copolymers. Protein precipitation is mediated by hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions with the copolymer that can be customized for the respective target. Precipitation yield with different copolymers at ionic strength of 2-22.5 mS cm⁻? and pH 5.0-pH 5.7 was evaluated using pure monoclonal antibody solutions. Optimized parameters were used to elucidate yield and purity of various antibodies precipitated at physiological conditions from cell culture fluid of CHO, NS0, and SP2/0 cell culture fluid. Precipitated protein was easily redissolved in small volume, enabling concentrating monoclonal antibodies (mAb) more than 40-fold and up to 100-fold, while residual polymer was removed to >98% using cationic polymer attached to silica flakes. mAb recovery of >90% and host cell protein clearance of >80% were achieved, not requiring any pre-dilution of cell culture fluid. Precipitation showed no impact on mAb binding affinity when compared to non-precipitated mAb. The obtained yield and purity were lower compared to a protein A based purification and loss of mAb was factor 1.5-3.0 higher. Yet, for high titer mAb purification processes being implemented in the future, precipitation is an attractive option due to its ease of scalability and cost-effectiveness.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Biological Products', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Line', 'Chemical Fractionation', 'Chemical Precipitation', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Salts', 'Technology, Pharmaceutical']
| 23,637,026
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D20.215'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.196.155'], ['E05.196.150', 'G02.159'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['G02.300'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D01.786'], ['E05.916', 'J01.897.836']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Location and characterization of two functions on RP1 that inhibit the fertility of the IncW plasmid R388.
|
Two fertility-inhibition functions which reduce R388 (IncW) transfer were detected on RP1 (60 kb, IncP). The respective genes, fiwA and fiwB, were mapped by transposon insertion mutagenesis to the regions between coordinates 32.8 to 31.7 kb (fiwA), and 59.8 to 0.8 kb (fiwB). The fiwA function occurs in a non-essential region of RP1 whereas fiwB is straddled by essential plasmid-maintenance and host-range determinants and apparently coincides (or overlaps) with the gene for tellurite-resistance.
|
['DNA Transposable Elements', 'Escherichia coli', 'Fertility', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Mutation', 'Phenotype', 'R Factors']
| 2,559,940
|
[['D13.444.308.520', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.340.024.425.200'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G08.686.210'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.360.600.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Male patients with rheumatoid arthritis have an increased risk of osteoporosis: Frequency and risk factors.
|
Most previous research investigating osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has focused on female patients and there is a lack of data regarding clinical characteristics of osteoporosis in male patients with RA.The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of osteoporosis between male patients with RA and healthy patients, and to identify the risk factors for osteoporosis and low bone mineral density (BMD) in male patients with RA.We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study including 76 South Korean male patients with RA aged over 50 years and 76 age-matched male healthy individuals. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (L1-4) and left hip (femoral neck and total hip) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis was defined as a T-score of ? -2.5 according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification.The frequency of osteoporosis at either the spine or the hip among male patients with RA was significantly higher than that among controls (22.4% vs 10.5%, P = .049) and RA patients had a significantly lower total hip BMD than healthy individuals (0.92 ± 0.14 vs 0.96 ± 0.1 g/cm, P = .027). For male RA patients, the mean 28-joint Disease Activity Scores using erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and body mass index (BMI) were 3.28 and 22 kg/m, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models, BMI ? 22 kg/m (odds ratio = 3.43, P = .043) and DAS28-ESR > 3.2 (odds ratio = 3.85, P = .032) were independent risk factors for osteoporosis at either site in male patients with RA.Our data demonstrate that male patients with RA had a 2.1 times higher risk for osteoporosis compared with healthy individuals. This suggests that appropriate management of osteoporosis in patients with RA is crucial not only for postmenopausal women but also for men aged over 50 years, especially those with low BMI and higher disease activity.
|
['Absorptiometry, Photon', 'Aged', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Bone Density', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoporosis', 'Republic of Korea', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 29,901,636
|
[['E01.370.350.700.024', 'E05.196.712.224.187'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['G11.427.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The alignment of sets of sequences and the construction of phyletic trees: an integrated method.
|
In this paper we argue that the alignment of sets of sequences and the construction of phyletic trees cannot be treated separately. The concept of 'good alignment' is meaningless without reference to a phyletic tree, and the construction of phyletic trees presupposes alignment of the sequences. We propose an integrated method that generates both an alignment of a set of sequences and a phyletic tree. In this method a putative tree is used to align the sequences and the alignment obtained is used to adjust the tree; this process is iterated. As a demonstration we apply the method to the analysis of the evolution of 5S rRNA sequences in prokaryotes.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Biological Evolution', 'Prokaryotic Cells', 'RNA, Ribosomal']
| 6,433,036
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['A11.760'], ['D13.444.735.686']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
SDF-2 induction of terminal differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum is mediated by the membrane-spanning sensor kinase DhkA.
|
SDF-2 is a peptide released by prestalk cells during culmination that stimulates prespore cells to encapsulate. Genetic evidence indicates that the response is dependent on the dhkA gene. This gene encodes a member of the histidine kinase family of genes that functions in two-component signal transduction pathways. The sequence of the N-terminal half of DhkA predicts two hydrophobic domains separated by a 310-amino-acid loop that could bind a ligand. By inserting MYC6 epitopes into DhkA, we were able to show that the loop is extracellular while the catalytic domain is cytoplasmic. Cells expressing the MYC epitope in the extracellular domain of DhkA were found to respond only if induced with 100-fold-higher levels of SDF-2 than required to induce dhkA+ cells; however, they could be induced to sporulate by addition of antibodies specific to the MYC epitope. To examine the enzymatic activity of DhkA, we purified the catalytic domain following expression in bacteria and observed incorporation of labelled phosphate from ATP consistent with histidine autophosphorylation. Site-directed mutagenesis of histidine1395 to glutamine in the catalytic domain blocked autophosphorylation. Furthermore, genetic analyses showed that histidine1395 and the relay aspartate2075 of DhkA are both critical to its function but that another histidine kinase, DhkB, can partially compensate for the lack of DhkA activity. Sporulation is drastically reduced in double mutants lacking both DhkA and DhkB. Suppressor studies indicate that the cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase RegA and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase PKA act downstream of DhkA.
|
['Animals', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Membrane', 'Dictyostelium', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Peptides', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Kinases', 'Proteins', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins']
| 10,373,524
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.284.149'], ['B01.046.550.200.300'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['D12.776.543'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['D12.776'], ['D12.776.820'], ['D12.776.828.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Children's emotional and physiological responses to interadult angry behavior: the role of history of interparental hostility.
|
Relations between history of marital discord and responses to interadult angry behavior were examined in preschoolers. Children watched/listened to an angry interaction between two adults, while their heart rate (HR) and skin conductance response (SCR) and skin conductance level (SCL) were monitored; then they were interviewed about their emotional responses to the argument. Children were also videotaped during the session and their overt behavioral distress responses were coded. In comparison to children from low-conflict homes, children from high-conflict homes (a) exhibited more overt behavioral distress in response to the argument, and (b) perceived the angry interaction as less negative in affect. Children's HR reactivity to the angry interaction was influenced by both marital conflict and the gender of the subject. In comparison to girls from low-conflict homes, those from high-conflict homes exhibited more HR reactivity to the argument. For boys, physical violence in the home was negatively associated with HR reactivity.
|
['Child Behavior', 'Child, Preschool', 'Conflict, Psychological', 'Family', 'Female', 'Galvanic Skin Response', 'Heart Rate', 'Hostility', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Parents', 'Psychology, Child', 'Sex Factors']
| 7,876,455
|
[['F01.145.179'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.658.209'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['E05.796.332', 'F02.830.702.315', 'F04.669.332', 'G07.265.563', 'G13.750.415'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['F01.470.596'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['F04.096.628.193'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A membrane lipid imbalance plays a role in the phenotypic expression of cystic fibrosis in cftr(-/-) mice.
|
A deficiency in essential fatty acid metabolism has been reported in plasma from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, its etiology and role in the expression of disease is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether alterations in fatty acid metabolism are specific to CF-regulated organs and whether they play a role in the expression of disease. A membrane lipid imbalance was found in ileum, pancreas, and lung from cftr(-/-) mice characterized by an increase in phospholipid-bound arachidonic acid and a decrease in phospholipid-bound docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This lipid imbalance was observed in organs pathologically affected by CF including lung, pancreas, and ileum and was not secondary to impaired intestinal absorption or hepatic biosynthesis of DHA. As proof of concept, oral administration of DHA to cftr(-/-) mice corrected this lipid imbalance and reversed the observed pathological manifestations. These results strongly suggest that certain phenotypic manifestations of CF may result from remediable alterations in phospholipid-bound arachidonic acid and DHA levels.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Arachidonic Acid', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator', 'Docosahexaenoic Acids', 'Ileum', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Liver', 'Lung', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Pancreas', 'Phenotype', 'Phospholipids', 'Pneumonia', 'Pseudomonas']
| 10,570,187
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166.100'], ['C06.689.202', 'C08.381.187', 'C16.320.190', 'C16.614.213'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.304.500', 'D12.776.157.530.400.175.125', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.125', 'D12.776.543.585.100.304.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.500.500'], ['D10.212.302.380.410.210', 'D10.251.355.337.250', 'D10.627.430.450.375'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A03.620'], ['A04.411'], ['D10.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A03.734'], ['G05.695'], ['D10.570.755'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changing academic culture to improve undergraduate STEM education.
|
Improving undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education requires faculty with the skills, resources, and time to create active learning environments that foster student engagement. Current faculty hiring, promotion, and tenure practices at many universities do not measure, reward, nor encourage faculty pursuit of these skills. A cultural change is needed to foster improvement.
|
['Engineering', 'Faculty', 'Mathematics', 'Science', 'Technology', 'Universities']
| 25,449,051
|
[['J01.293'], ['M01.526.702.250'], ['H01.548'], ['H01.770'], ['J01.897'], ['I02.783.830', 'J03.832.830']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Thymomas non associated with myasthenia gravis. Nosologic aspects and therapeutic correlations].
|
A series of nine tumors of the thymus gland without myasthenia is presented. Five neoplasms were benign, while four malignant in their biological behaviour and histology. The classification of these neoplasms was possible according to the embryology of the anterosuperior mediastinum and thymus as well as to the macroscopic and histologic appearance of the masses. Based on pathologic considerations thymomas are divided into lymphoepithelial thymomas, carcinomas, primary Hodgkin's disease of the thymus and lymphosarcomas. The variable biological behaviour of these tumors is discussed and the possibilities of surgical treatment are expounded.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myasthenia Gravis', 'Thymoma', 'Thymus Neoplasms']
| 2,733,847
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.614.550.500', 'C04.730.856.490', 'C10.114.656', 'C10.574.781.588', 'C10.668.758.725', 'C20.111.258.500'], ['C04.557.435.850', 'C04.588.894.949.500', 'C15.604.861.800'], ['C04.588.894.949', 'C15.604.861']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Activities of sordarins in murine histoplasmosis.
|
Sordarins are new antifungals which inhibit fungal protein synthesis by blocking elongation factor 2. Three compounds were evaluated in a murine model of histoplasmosis. Immune-competent mice were infected intravenously with 10(6) to 10(8) CFU of Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cells. Mice were treated either orally with sordarins or fluconazole from day 2 through 8 after infection or intraperitoneally with amphotericin B during the same period. Protection was measured by increased rates of survival for 30 days after infection or reduction of lung or kidney tissue counts 9 days after infection. All three of the antifungal drugs tested were protective compared with controls. Sordarins were effective at doses as low as 2 mg/kg of body weight/day. This novel class of drugs compared favorably with amphotericin B and fluconazole for the treatment of histoplasmosis.
|
['Amphotericin B', 'Animals', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Fluconazole', 'Histoplasma', 'Histoplasmosis', 'Indenes', 'Kidney', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR']
| 10,390,228
|
[['D02.540.576.500.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['D03.383.129.799.450'], ['B01.300.381.440'], ['C01.150.703.450'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.486', 'D04.615.486'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Insulin transcriptionally down-regulates carboxylesterases through pregnane X receptor in an Akt-dependent manner.
|
Insulin is a major therapy for diabetes, and therefore, its role and mechanisms in the regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), is of clinical importance to facilitate the rational drug use. Carboxylesterases are regarded as one of the major determinants of the metabolism and disposition of various substrates through their actions in the liver and intestine, alterations in the activity of CESs enzymes are often important causes of drug interactions. Therefore, investigation on the mechanism of CESs regulation is significantly important. In this study, we demonstrated that insulin markedly down-regulated CESs expression and suppressed the hydrolytic activity of CESs in an Akt-dependent manner. Moreover, overexpression of PXR abrogated the decrease of CES1 and CES2 expression induced by insulin in HepG2 cells, suggesting PXR was involved in insulin-induced reduction of CESs. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter assay showed that PXR increased the transcriptional activity of CES1 and CES2 gene promoter, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay verified that PXR bound to the site (-244 to -234) in CES1 gene promoter region and bound to the site (-814 to -804 and -794 to -784) in CES2 gene promoter region for the first time. In summary, our data indicate that down-regulation of PXR mediates insulin-induced suppression of CESs. Accordingly, insulin may impact the therapeutic effects of carboxylesterases substrate drugs and also inhibit expression of other genes targeted by PXR, thus inducing a wide range of potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) during the treatment of diabetes.
|
['Animals', 'Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases', 'Down-Regulation', 'Drug Interactions', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Pregnane X Receptor', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 31,005,591
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.352.100'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['A11.436.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['D12.776.826.750.075', 'D12.776.930.778.175'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Precocious puberty: identifying early sexual development.
|
Primary care providers should have the ability to identify normal and abnormal variations of sexual development in children. The incidence of precocious puberty is approximately one child in every 10,000 children in the United States. While etiologies vary, precise differential diagnosis is essential because it will determine the course of treatment required. New forms of therapy using long-acting luteinizing releasing factor agonists are currently being investigated. Developmentally appropriate explanations for affected children regarding the diagnosis and treatment plan are a crucial component of care. Ongoing educational and emotional support for the child and family are essential as they learn to cope with early sexual development.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Counseling', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nurse Practitioners', 'Nursing Assessment', 'Puberty, Precocious']
| 2,586,857
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.650.640', 'N02.360.650.640'], ['N04.590.233.508.480'], ['C19.391.693']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Imaging the ER and Endomembrane System in Cereal Endosperm.
|
The cereal endosperm is a complex structure comprising distinct cell types, characterized by specialized organelles for the accumulation of storage proteins. Protein trafficking in these cells is complicated by the presence of several different storage organelles including protein bodies (PBs) derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and dynamic protein storage vacuoles (PSVs). In addition, trafficking may follow a number of different routes depending on developmental stage, showing that the endomembrane system is capable of massive reorganization. Thus, developmental sequences involve progressive changes of the endomembrane system of endosperm tissue and are characterized by a high structural plasticity and endosomal activity.Given the technical dexterity required to access endosperm tissue and study subcellular structures and (seed storage protein) SSP trafficking in cereal seeds, static images are the state of the art providing a bulk of information concerning the cellular composition of seed tissue. In view of the highly dynamic endomembrane system in cereal endosperm cells, it is reasonable to expect that live cell imaging will help to characterize the spatial and temporal changes of the system. The high resolution achieved with electron microscopy perfectly complements the live cell imaging.We therefore established an imaging platform for TEM as well as for live cell imaging. Here, we describe the preparation of different cereal seed tissues for live cell imaging concomitant with immunolocalization studies and ultrastructure.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Edible Grain', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Endosperm', 'Intracellular Membranes', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Molecular Imaging', 'Plant Proteins']
| 29,043,684
|
[['D23.101'], ['A18.024.500.750.500', 'B01.650.160.250', 'B01.650.510.250', 'G07.203.300.300.550', 'G07.203.300.775.500', 'J02.500.300.550', 'J02.500.775.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['A18.024.500.750.666'], ['A11.284.149.450', 'A11.284.835.514'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E01.370.350.557', 'E05.601.555'], ['D12.776.765']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Involvement of NK1 and NK2 receptors in pulmonary responses elicited by non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic vagal stimulation in guinea-pigs.
|
Previous studies from our laboratory using exogenously administered neurokinin (NK) agonists have shown that both NK1- and NK2-receptor subtypes are involved in plasma extravasation in the guinea-pig airways. In the present study, we have extended these observations using antidromic vagal stimulation to stimulate sensory c-fibres as a means of eliciting the release of endogenous tachykinins in propranolol- and atropine-treated guinea-pigs. Antidromic vagal stimulation (5 ms, 30 s) induced frequency-dependent (1-10 Hz) bronchoconstriction that was completely abolished by co-administration of the NK1-selective antagonist CP-99,994 ((2s-methoxy-benzyl)-(2-phenyl-piperidin-3s-yl)-amine), and the NK2-selective antagonist SR-48,968 ((S)-N-methyl-N-[4-(4-acetylamino-4-phenyl piperidino)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) butyl]benzamide), each at a dose sufficient to block NK1 and NK2 receptors, respectively (each at 0.3 mg kg-1, i.v.). In contrast, SR-48,968 when given alone only partially blocked the vagal stimulation-induced bronchospasm, whereas CP-99,994 had no effect. Significant increases (2-3-fold) in plasma extravasation of [125I]fibrinogen in the trachea, main bronchi, distal airways and oesophagus following vagal stimulation (5 Hz, 5 min, 10 V, 5 ms) were observed. Pretreatment with the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, thiorphan (1 mg kg-1, i.v.), and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril (1 mg kg-1, i.v.), potentiated both vagal stimulation-induced bronchoconstriction and plasma leakage in all tissues examined. This potentiation was due to reduced metabolism of endogenously released tachykinins since enhanced plasma overflow of immunoreactive substance P was observed following vagal stimulation in thiorphan- and enalapril-treated guinea-pigs. CP-99,994 substantially blocked plasma leakage in all parts of the airways and in the oesophagus. In comparison, SR-48,968 had no significant effect in the trachea and the oesophagus but partially inhibited plasma leakage in the main bronchi and distal airways. Co-administration of both CP-99,994 and SR-48,968 abolished the residual plasma leakage in these two regions. These results support the hypothesis that both NK1 and NK2 receptors are involved in tachykinin-induced pulmonary responses in the airways.
|
['Animals', 'Benzamides', 'Bronchi', 'Bronchoconstriction', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Enalapril', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Male', 'Piperidines', 'Receptors, Neurokinin-1', 'Receptors, Neurokinin-2', 'Substance P', 'Thiorphan', 'Trachea', 'Vagus Nerve']
| 8,708,985
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['A04.411.125'], ['G09.772.705.700.080'], ['G03.143.330', 'G09.330.165'], ['D12.644.456.345.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.862.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.830.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.830.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.862.540', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.830.540', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.830.540'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['D02.886.030.893', 'D12.125.166.893', 'D12.125.481.700.750'], ['A04.889'], ['A08.800.050.050.925', 'A08.800.050.600.825', 'A08.800.800.060.920', 'A08.800.800.120.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Traumatic Rupture of Posterior Tibial Tendon Following Closed Supination-Adduction Ankle Fracture: A Case Report.
|
CASE: A 25-year-old man with no known comorbidities presented with pain and swelling of the left ankle following a twisting injury that had occurred during a road traffic accident. On examination, a 1 ? 1-cm abrasion was noted on the medial malleolus and tenderness was noted over the medial and lateral malleoli. A radiograph of the left ankle revealed a fracture of the medial malleolus and an infrasyndesmotic avulsion fracture of the lateral malleolus (a supination-adduction injury). Immediate surgery was performed for the treatment of the medial malleolar fracture. On exploration, the posterior tibial tendon was found to be severed and frayed 2 cm proximal to the medial malleolar fracture. The medial malleolus was fixed with 2 parallel malleolar screws. The ruptured tendon was explored proximally, and the ends were debrided and repaired.CONCLUSION: At 1 year of follow-up, the ankle had good union and function of the tendon was restored. Posterior tibial tendon ruptures, although rare, should be suspected in cases of closed ankle fracture, irrespective of the mechanism of injury.
|
['Adult', 'Ankle Fractures', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Tendon Injuries']
| 29,252,652
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C26.404.014'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.874']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Thermodynamic entropy of organic oxidation in the water environment: experimental evaluation compared to semi-empirical calculation.
|
Residual organic matters in the secondary effluent are usually less biodegradable in terms of the total organic carbon content, and when discharged into a receiving water body, their further decomposition most likely mainly occurs due to chemical oxidation. Using this scenario, a semi-empirical method was previously developed to calculate the thermodynamic entropy of organic oxidation to quantitatively evaluate the impact of organic discharge on the water environment. In this study, the relationship between the entropy increase (ÄSC) and excess organic mass (ÄTOC) was experimentally verified via combustion heat measurement using typical organic chemicals and mixtures. For individual organic chemicals, a linear relationship was detected between ÄSC and ÄTOC with the same proportionality coefficient, 54.0 kJ/g, determined in the previous semi-empirical relationship. For the organic mixtures, a linear relationship was also identified; however, the proportionality coefficient was 69.2 kJ/g, indicating an approximately 28 % increase in the oxidation heat required to decompose the same organic mass. This increase in energy can likely be attributed to the synergistic effects of hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, ð-ð interactions, and van der Waals interactions between functional groups of different organic compounds. Intermolecular interactions may result in 17-32 % more dissociation energy for organic mixtures compared to the organic components' chemical structures. Because organics discharged into a water body are always a mixture of organic compounds, the proportionality coefficient obtained using organic mixtures should be adopted to modify the previously proposed semi-empirical equation.
|
['Entropy', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Thermodynamics', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 27,502,459
|
[['G01.906.345'], ['G02.409'], ['E05.599'], ['D02'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G01.906'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Second M3
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The bronchodilator tiotropium binds not only to its main binding site on the M3 muscarinic receptor but also to an allosteric site. Here, we have investigated the functional relevance of this allosteric binding and the potential contribution of this behaviour to interactions with long-acting â-adrenoceptor agonists, as combination therapy with anticholinergic agents and â-adrenoceptor agonists improves lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: ACh, tiotropium, and atropine binding to M3 receptors were modelled using molecular dynamics simulations. Contractions of bovine and human tracheal smooth muscle strips were studied.KEY RESULTS: Molecular dynamics simulation revealed extracellular vestibule binding of tiotropium, and not atropine, to M3 receptors as a secondary low affinity binding site, preventing ACh entry into the orthosteric binding pocket. This resulted in a low (allosteric binding) and high (orthosteric binding) functional affinity of tiotropium in protecting against methacholine-induced contractions of airway smooth muscle, which was not observed for atropine and glycopyrrolate. Moreover, antagonism by tiotropium was insurmountable in nature. This behaviour facilitated functional interactions of tiotropium with the â-agonist olodaterol, which synergistically enhanced bronchoprotective effects of tiotropium. This was not seen for glycopyrrolate and olodaterol or indacaterol but was mimicked by the interaction of tiotropium and forskolin, indicating no direct â-adrenoceptor-M3 receptor crosstalk in this effect.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: We propose that tiotropium has two binding sites at the M3 receptor that prevent ACh action, which, together with slow dissociation kinetics, may contribute to insurmountable antagonism and enhanced functional interactions with â-adrenoceptor agonists.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Bronchodilator Agents', 'Cattle', 'Cholinergic Antagonists', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Receptor, Muscarinic M3', 'Tiotropium Bromide', 'Trachea']
| 31,077,341
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200.200'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.110', 'D27.505.954.796.050.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D27.505.519.625.120.200', 'D27.505.696.577.120.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500.300'], ['D02.145.074.722.822.887', 'D03.132.889.601.887', 'D03.605.084.500.722.822.887', 'D03.605.869.822.887'], ['A04.889']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Repair roles of hSMUG1 assessed by damage specificity and cellular activity.
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Single-strand-selective monofunctional uracil-DNA glycosylase (SMUG1) was previously identified as a putative backup enzyme of major mammalian uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG). However, the subsequent studies have shown conflicting results about the substrate specificity of SMUG1. In the present study, to clarify the repair role of SMUG1, we determined the damage specificity of purified human SMUG1 (hSMUG1) and its contribution to repair of oxidized bases in HeLa cell extracts.
|
['DNA Glycosylases', 'DNA Repair', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'N-Glycosyl Hydrolases', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Uracil-DNA Glycosidase']
| 14,510,481
|
[['D08.811.074.249', 'D08.811.277.450.430.099'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.450.430'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D08.811.074.249.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Impact of a novel environment on alcohol-induced locomotor activity in Wistar rats.
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Clinical studies have shown a positive correlation between novelty-seeking behavior and the susceptibility to consume drugs of abuse. Although several animal studies have demonstrated this correlation with psychostimulants or morphine, studies with alcohol have shown conflicting results. The aim of this work was to investigate alcohol-induced motor effects in Wistar rats with different responses to novelty. Animals were classified as Low- (LR) or High-Responders (HR) to novelty, depending on their horizontal activity in an automated open field. Motor activity was recorded in na?ve, saline, and alcohol-administered rats at different doses (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.5 g/kg). Horizontal movements, rearings, and stereotyped behaviors were evaluated. After the behavioral test, animals were sacrificed and blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) were measured. Low (0.1 and 0.25 g/kg) and high (2.5 g/kg) alcohol doses decreased horizontal movements in LR animals, whereas 1.0 g/kg increased this parameter in HR rats. Rearings were increased by alcohol 1.0 g/kg in LR animals. In HR rats, alcohol doses of 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg also increased this parameter. Stereotyped behaviors were decreased by an alcohol dose of 2.5 g/kg in LR animals, but were increased by an intermediate dose (1.0 g/kg) in HR rats. Differences in horizontal movements and rearings were found between LR and HR animals at certain ethanol doses. Horizontal movements (0.25 g/kg) and rearings (0.5 g/kg) were lower in LR than HR rats; however, rearings were lower in HR than LR rats at 1.0 g/kg. BACs were similar between LR and HR rats at all ethanol doses. These findings suggest that HR rats are more responsive to the stimulant effects of intermediate alcohol doses, whereas LR animals are sensitive to low/high doses of the drug. Sensitivity to alcohol motor effects may substantially depend on the initial animal's response to a novel environment. The stimulant effects of alcohol may constitute important behavioral traits significantly associated with the rewarding properties of the drug.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Alcohol Content', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Ethanol', 'Exploratory Behavior', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Stereotyped Behavior']
| 29,929,089
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.033.375.135'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.033.375'], ['F01.145.387', 'F01.658.370'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['F01.145.896']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Football training improves cardiovascular health profile in sedentary, premenopausal hypertensive women.
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The present study examined the effects of short-term recreational football training on blood pressure (BP), fat mass, and fitness in sedentary, 35-50-year-old premenopausal women with mild hypertension. Forty-one untrained, hypertensive women were randomized into a football training group (n = 21; FTG) and a control group (n = 20; CON). FTG performed 45 ± 1 1-h small-sided football training sessions during the 15-week intervention period. BP, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), blood lipid profile, and fitness level were determined pre- and post-intervention. After 15 weeks, systolic and diastolic BP, respectively, were lowered more (P < 0.05) in FTG (-12 ± 3 and -6 ± 2 mmHg) than in CON (-1 ± 1 and 1 ± 2 mmHg). Total body fat mass decreased more (P < 0.05) in FTG than in CON during the 15-week intervention period (-2.3 ± 0.5 kg vs 0.4 ± 0.3 kg). After 15 weeks, both total cholesterol (-0.4 ± 0.1 mmol/L vs 0.1 ± 0.2 mmol/L) and triglyceride (-0.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L vs 0.3 ± 0.2 mmol/L) were lowered more (P < 0.05) in FTG than in CON. Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 1 test performance increased more (P < 0.05) in FTG than in CON (111 ± 18% vs 1 ± 3%) during the 15-week intervention period. In conclusion, short-term football training resulted in a marked reduction in BP and induced multiple improvements in fitness and cardiovascular health profile of untrained, premenopausal women with mild hypertension.
|
['Adiposity', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Pressure Determination', 'Cholesterol', 'Exercise Test', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Middle Aged', 'Physical Fitness', 'Premenopause', 'Sedentary Behavior', 'Soccer', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Triglycerides']
| 24,944,131
|
[['E01.370.600.115.100.062.500', 'G02.111.130.134.500', 'G03.180.134.500', 'G07.100.049.134.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.370.140', 'E01.370.600.100'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.685', 'I03.450.642.845.054.800', 'N01.400.545'], ['G08.686.157.500.812', 'G08.686.841.249.500.812'], ['F01.145.749', 'F01.829.458.705'], ['I03.450.642.845.800'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Carbon flux to growth or polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis under microaerophilic conditions is affected by fatty acid chain-length in Pseudomonas putida LS46.
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Economical production of medium-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) is dependent on efficient cultivation processes. This work describes growth and mcl-PHA synthesis characteristics of Pseudomonas putida LS46 when grown on medium-chain length fatty acids (octanoic acid) and lower-cost long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs, derived from hydrolyzed canola oil) in microaerophilic environments. Growth on octanoic acid ceased when the oxygen uptake rate was limited by the oxygen transfer rate, and mcl-PHA accumulated to 61.9% of the cell dry mass. From LCFAs, production of non-PHA cell mass continued at a rate of 0.36 g L-1 h-1 under oxygen-limited conditions, while mcl-PHA accumulated simultaneously to 31% of the cell dry mass. The titer of non-PHA cell mass from LCFAs at 14 h post-inoculation was double that obtained from octanoic acid in bioreactors operated with identical feeding and aeration conditions. While the productivity for octanoic acid was higher by 14 h, prolonged cultivation on LCFAs achieved similar productivity but with twice the PHA titer. Simultaneous co-feeding of each substrate demonstrated the continued cell growth under microaerophilic conditions characteristic of LCFAs, and the resulting polymer was dominant in C8 monomers. Furthermore, co-feeding resulted in improved PHA titer and volumetric productivity compared to either substrate individually. These results suggest that LCFAs improve growth of P. putida in oxygen-limited environments and could reduce production costs since more non-PHA cell mass, the cellular factories required to produce mcl-PHA and the most oxygen-intensive cellular process, can be produced for a given oxygen transfer rate.
|
['Bioreactors', 'Carbon', 'Fatty Acids', 'Industrial Microbiology', 'Polyhydroxyalkanoates', 'Pseudomonas putida']
| 29,799,090
|
[['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['D01.268.150'], ['D10.251'], ['H01.158.273.540.460', 'J01.897.120.460'], ['D05.750.078.789', 'D05.750.728.890', 'D10.751'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.675', 'B03.660.250.580.590.580']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative effects of acebutolol and practolol on the lipolytic response to isoprenaline.
|
1 The effects of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on the metabolic responses to isoprenaline have been studied in an in vitro system of isolated fat cells and in six normal subjects. 2 The inhibitory effects of varying concentrations of acebutolol, practolol and propranolol on free fatty acid (FFA) release produced by isoprenaline (10(-7) M) were compared in isolated fat cells prepared from rat epididymal adipose tissue. Acebutolol and practolol, at equimolar concentrations, showed a similar inhibitory effect whilst propranolol was approximately 100 times more potent then either drug. At 10(-5)M concentration of propranolol, lipolysis was virtually abolished whilst at the same molar concentration, acebutolol and practolol halved the response. 3 Six healthy volunteers received three successive 15 min intravenous isoprenaline challenges (0.03 mug kg-1 min-1) per individual experiment. The first acted as a control whilst the following two were given either after single oral doses of placebo, acebutolol or practolol. The mean (+/- s.e. mean) basal FFA level was 0.77 +/- 0.06 mE1/1 and subsequent resting values after the administration of placebo or beta-adrenoceptor blocker were not significantly different. 4 Acebutolol inhibited the respective mean rises in FFA, produced by both post-control isoprenaline challenges, by (mean +/- s.e. mean) 70 +/- 4% and 84% +/- 5%. The comparable figures for practolol were 33 +/- 15% and 24 +/- 20%. The higher serum concentration of acebutolol produced greater inhibition but correlation of log serum concentration of the drug with percentage inhibition of FFA rise did not achieve significance. 5 Administration of isoprenaline, acebutolol or practolol did not significantly alter serum glucose, triglyceride or cholesterol levels. 6 Acebutolol and practolol effectively blocked the isoprenaline-induced tachycardia. The degree of blockade produced by practolol was greater than its inhibitory effect on FFA release. The diatolic fall in blood pressure in response to isoprenaline was abolished by acebutolol suggesting that its beta-adrenoceptor blocking action encompasses peripheral vascular sites. The comparable effect with practolol was a partial inhibition of the diastolic fall.
|
['Acebutolol', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Fatty Acids, Nonesterified', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Isoproterenol', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Placebos', 'Practolol', 'Propranolol', 'Rats']
| 973,938
|
[['D02.033.100.624.698.025', 'D02.033.755.624.698.025', 'D02.092.063.624.698.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D10.251.310'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['G03.458'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.705', 'D02.033.755.624.698.705', 'D02.065.199.092.800', 'D02.092.063.624.698.705', 'D02.092.146.113.092.800'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.711', 'D02.033.755.624.698.711', 'D02.092.063.624.698.711', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.945', 'D04.615.638.945'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system activities in Pima Indians and Caucasians.
|
It has been proposed that both hypercortisolism and low sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity contribute to obesity. Because glucocorticoids inhibit SNS activity, we hypothesized that hypercortisolism and low SNS activity may be found in association in Pima Indians, a population with a high prevalence of obesity. We therefore measured indices of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and SNS activities in 39 nondiabetic men, 20 Pimas (age, 30+/-5 years; weight, 94+/-26 kg; 35%+/-8% body fat [mean +/- SD]) and 19 Caucasians (33+/-9 years, 91+/-23 kg, 28%+/-11% body fat). HPA axis activity was assessed by measurements of morning fasting plasma corticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol concentrations and 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) excretion. SNS activity was assessed as muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) by microneurography and by measurement of catecholamines (fasting plasma concentration and 24-hour urinary excretion). Plasma ACTH and cortisol and UFC were similar in Pimas and Caucasians. MSNA was positively correlated with percent body fat (r = .49, P = .002) and was lower in Pimas compared with Caucasians after adjustment for percent body fat (24+/-9 v 31+/-10 bursts/min, P = .04). We conclude that Pima Indians, a population with a high prevalence of obesity, have lower SNS activity but normal HPA axis activity compared with Caucasians.
|
['Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Adult', 'Catecholamines', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Diet', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Hormones', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System', 'Indians, North American', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Obesity', 'Pituitary-Adrenal System', 'Sympathetic Nervous System', 'United States']
| 10,094,120
|
[['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D02.092.311', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['D06.472', 'D27.505.696.399.472'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['A06.688.357', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435', 'A08.713.357'], ['M01.686.508.150.600'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['A06.300.691'], ['A08.800.050.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
pdb-care (PDB carbohydrate residue check): a program to support annotation of complex carbohydrate structures in PDB files.
|
BACKGROUND: Carbohydrates are involved in a variety of fundamental biological processes and pathological situations. They therefore have a large pharmaceutical and diagnostic potential. Knowledge of the 3D structure of glycans is a prerequisite for a complete understanding of their biological functions. The largest source of biomolecular 3D structures is the Protein Data Bank. However, about 30% of all 1663 PDB entries (version September 2003) containing carbohydrates comprise errors in glycan description. Unfortunately, no software is currently available which aligns the 3D information with the reported assignments. It is the aim of this work to fill this gap.RESULTS: The pdb-care program http://www.glycosciences.de/tools/pdb-care/ is able to identify and assign carbohydrate structures using only atom types and their 3D atom coordinates given in PDB-files. Looking up a translation table where systematic names and the respective PDB residue codes are listed, both assignments are compared and inconsistencies are reported. Additionally, the reliability of reported and calculated connectivities for molecules listed within the HETATOM records is checked and unusual values are reported.CONCLUSION: Frequent use of pdb-care will help to improve the quality of carbohydrate data contained in the PDB. Automatic assignment of carbohydrate structures contained in PDB entries will enable the cross-linking of glycobiology resources with genomic and proteomic data collections.
|
['Carbohydrate Conformation', 'Carbohydrate Sequence', 'Carbohydrates', 'Software']
| 15,180,909
|
[['G02.111.570.820.235'], ['G02.111.570.160', 'L01.453.245.667.160'], ['D09'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neuromuscular excitability changes in the vastus medialis following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
|
PURPOSE: Quadriceps weakness following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is prevalent despite intensive rehabilitation. Diminished neuromuscular excitability is one potential factor that may limit muscular recovery following injury or surgery. The H-reflex provides a measure of alpha motorneuron (neuromuscular) excitability in the sensory-motor pathway of the respective muscle and nerve. To date the vastus medialis (VM) and soleus (SOL) H-reflexes have been examined primarily in control subjects with induced knee joint effusion. This prospective, randomized clinical trial evaluated the affect of ACLR, utilizing hamsting (HS) or bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autograft, on VM and SOL H-reflex latency and amplitude in twenty subjects.METHODS: Preoperatively bilateral VM and SOL H-reflex tests were conducted. VM and SOL H-reflexes were subsequently conducted on the involved lower extremity at 1 and 3 months post surgery. At each test session subjects completed visual analog scales and knee girth was measured.RESULTS: The VM H-reflex amplitude increased in the HS group at 3 months compared to 1-month post surgery (p<.05). Significant changes over time were also noted in the visual analog pain and functional scales and the mid-patella girth.CONCLUSIONS: The increased VM H-reflex amplitude at 3 months following HS autograft ACLR demonstrates an increase in VM neuromuscular excitability. Increased VM neuromuscular excitability was not evident in patients following BTB reconstruction. The increased neuromuscular excitability, observed only in the HS group, warrants consideration when selecting graft type for patients with extensive preoperative quadriceps dysfunction.
|
['Adult', 'Anterior Cruciate Ligament', 'Female', 'H-Reflex', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Male', 'Motor Neurons', 'Pain Measurement', 'Patellar Ligament', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quadriceps Muscle', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Recovery of Function', 'Transplantation, Autologous', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 19,280,799
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A02.513.514.100', 'A02.835.583.512.100', 'A10.165.669.514.100'], ['G11.561.731.643.474'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['A02.513.514.475', 'A02.835.583.512.475', 'A02.880.438', 'A10.165.669.514.475'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A02.633.567.850'], ['E04.680'], ['G16.757'], ['E04.936.664'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The right-hemisphere bias in conditional reasoning: a short report on multiple failures to replicate previous findings.
|
The present set of studies attempted to replicate Gellatly's (1985) findings that were supportive of Evan's (1982) hypothesis that the right hemisphere produces a selective bias towards the incorrect solution of a complex reasoning task. Subjects solved problems of the form "if p then q." In four studies, participants simultaneously performed a bottle--balancing task on each hand to interfere with processing of the reasoning task in the right hemisphere. In the fifth study, the bottle--balancing task was replaced by a finger--sequencing task. The results of the five studies did not show that the interference with right-hemisphere activity resulted in better performance on the conditional-reasoning task. It is concluded that the hypothesis of a right-hemisphere bias in conditional reasoning is still in need of reliable findings.
|
['Attention', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Dominance, Cerebral', 'Humans', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Problem Solving', 'Psychomotor Performance']
| 1,620,797
|
[['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['F02.830.297', 'G11.561.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F02.463.425.725', 'F02.463.785.810'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
T cell development from kit-negative progenitors in the Foxn1Delta/Delta mutant thymus.
|
Foxn1Delta is a hypomorphic allele of the nude gene that causes arrested thymic epithelial cell differentiation and abnormal thymic architecture lacking cortical and medullary domains. T cells develop in the Foxn1Delta/Delta adult thymus to the double- and single-positive stages, but in the apparent absence of double-negative 3 (DN3) cells; however, DN3 cells are present in the fetal thymus. To investigate the origin of this seemingly contradictory phenotype, we performed an analysis of fetal and adult DN cells in these mutants. Neither adult bone marrow-derived cells nor fetal liver cells from wild-type or Rag1-/- mice were able to differentiate to the DN2 or DN3 stage in the Foxn1Delta/Delta thymus. Our data suggest that thymopoiesis in the Foxn1Delta/Delta adult thymus proceeds from CD117- atypical progenitors, while CD117+ DN1a cells are absent or blocked in their ability to differentiate to the T lineage. Wild-type cells generated by this pathway in the postnatal thymus were exported to the periphery, demonstrating that these atypical cells contributed to the peripheral T cell pool. The Foxn1Delta/Delta adult (but not fetal) thymus also preferentially supports B cell development, specifically of the B-1 type, and this phenotype correlated with reduced Notch ligand expression in the adult stroma.
|
['Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Forkhead Transcription Factors', 'Gene Deletion', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Mutation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit', 'Stem Cells', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Thymus Gland']
| 18,178,831
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G04.152'], ['D12.776.260.950.249', 'D12.776.930.977.249'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.050', 'D12.776.543.750.630.124', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.150.100', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.200.170', 'D12.776.624.664.700.183'], ['A11.872'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Modeling the impacts of climate change and technical progress on the wheat yield in inland China: An autoregressive distributed lag approach.
|
This study aims to evaluate the impacts of climate change and technical progress on the wheat yield per unit area from 1970 to 2014 in Henan, the largest agricultural province in China, using an autoregressive distributed lag approach. The bounded F-test for cointegration among the model variables yielded evidence of a long-run relationship among climate change, technical progress, and the wheat yield per unit area. In the long run, agricultural machinery and fertilizer use both had significantly positive impacts on the per unit area wheat yield. A 1% increase in the aggregate quantity of fertilizer use increased the wheat yield by 0.19%. Additionally, a 1% increase in machine use increased the wheat yield by 0.21%. In contrast, precipitation during the wheat growth period (from emergence to maturity, consisting of the period from last October to June) led to a decrease in the wheat yield per unit area. In the short run, the coefficient of the aggregate quantity of fertilizer used was negative. Land size had a significantly positive impact on the per unit area wheat yield in the short run. There was no significant short-run or long-run impact of temperature on the wheat yield per unit area in Henan Province. The results of our analysis suggest that climate change had a weak impact on the wheat yield, while technical progress played an important role in increasing the wheat yield per unit area. The results of this study have implications for national and local agriculture policies under climate change. To design well-targeted agriculture adaptation policies for the future and to reduce the adverse effects of climate change on the wheat yield, climate change and technical progress factors should be considered simultaneously. In addition, adaptive measures associated with technical progress should be given more attention.
|
['China', 'Climate Change', 'Triticum']
| 28,950,027
|
[['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Clinical application of Web Accessible Population Pharmacokinetic Service-Hemophilia (WAPPS-Hemo): Patterns of blood sampling and patient characteristics among clinician users.
|
BACKGROUND: Use of population pharmacokinetics (PopPK) to facilitate PK-informed prophylaxis in clinical practice has gained momentum among haemophilia providers due to the accessibility of tools such as the Web Accessible Population Pharmacokinetic Service-Hemophilia (WAPPS-Hemo) and availability of extended half-life (EHL) factor concentrates. It is unknown how clinicians implement PopPK.AIM: To investigate the evolution of PopPK use in clinical practice by comparing blood sampling strategies, patient features, and factor group between initial and recent periods of WAPPS-Hemo availability.METHODS: PK data for haemophilia A and haemophilia B patients from two time periods were extracted from the WAPPS-Hemo database: early availability (10/2015-09/2016) and recent use (10/2017-09/2018). We compared patient characteristics (age, body weight, haemophilia type), product type and dose, and blood sampling times between the time frames.RESULTS: Over 1900 eligible infusions were submitted to WAPPS-Hemo during the periods studied, with 85% representing FVIII concentrates. In the recent cohort, PK profiles were requested for younger patients (median age 18 vs 26 years), with increased proportional EHL FVIII use (29% vs 14% of infusions). High-use centres generally submitted fewer blood samples per infusion than non-high-use centres, although the number of samples collected by non-high-use centres decreased significantly over time. During both periods, blood sample timing was generally consistent with ISTH recommended windows.CONCLUSION: The use of WAPPS-Hemo by haemophilia providers grew by over threefold between the time periods investigated. While sampling times have included key time points proposed first by Bj?rkman since early WAPPS-Hemo usage, a trend towards minimizing sampling was observed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Specimen Collection', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Factor VIII', 'Hemophilia A', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Internet', 'Middle Aged', 'Physicians', 'Young Adult']
| 31,742,831
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.225.998.110', 'E04.665.150', 'E05.200.998.110'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D12.776.124.125.350', 'D12.776.811.286', 'D23.119.350'], ['C15.378.100.100.500', 'C15.378.100.141.500', 'C15.378.463.500', 'C16.320.099.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Treatment of chronic sternal fistulae following cardiac surgery with a bone substitute.
|
Chronic sternal infection is a relatively rare complication following cardiac surgery that can cause high morbidity and mortality and can require repeated surgical procedures, including sternal resection, to resolve. However, preserving sternal integrity is essential, particularly in children. A variety of conservative treatments for this complication of cardiac surgery have been reported. Here, we report three cases of children in whom a bone substitute containing tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite was used to fill sternal defects. After extensive surgical debridement, this method yielded primary wound closure with good resolution, preventing the recurrence of sternal infection.
|
['Biocompatible Materials', 'Bone Substitutes', 'Calcium Phosphates', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Child', 'Chronic Disease', 'Durapatite', 'Female', 'Fistula', 'Humans', 'Infection Control', 'Male', 'Sternotomy', 'Sternum', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Wound Healing']
| 24,049,817
|
[['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['D25.130.325', 'J01.637.051.130.325'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075', 'D01.146.360', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300.150', 'D01.146.360.050.300.200', 'D01.578.122.477.300', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300.150'], ['C23.300.575'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.780.200.450'], ['E04.928.710'], ['A02.835.232.570.750'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Challenges in the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: influence of "family coaching" on the mini-mental state examination.
|
The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a commonly used clinical tool for evaluating the cognitive aspects of mental function. In this study, 40 consecutive patients presenting to a memory disorder clinic and their caregivers were evaluated for coaching of the patient with respect to MMSE content over the 24 hours prior to clinical evaluation. Caregivers completed a questionnaire concerning MMSE practice sessions with the patient prior to the physician encounter; then, the patients were asked to spell the word "WORM" backwards instead of "WORLD" during the MMSE test. Some or all of the MMSE content was reviewed with the patient prior to the interview by 42.5 percent of the caregivers; 17.5 percent of patients spelled or attempted to spell "WORLD" backwards instead of "WORM". These results demonstrate that coaching of patients prior to administration of the MMSE is not uncommon, and that this needs to be taken into consideration when forming therapeutic decisions based on MMSE results.
|
['Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Caregivers', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motivation', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Teaching']
| 16,634,466
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F04.711.513'], ['I02.903']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Fusion expression of SLT-IIeB gene and FedF gene of Ee in Escherichia coli and its immunogenicity].
|
The DNA fragment encoding the truncated SLT-IIeB and FedF of Ee strain were fused to the downstream of glutathione S-transferase (GST) of pGEX-KG expression vector, resulting in the fusion expression plasmid pKSF. After transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) and induced by IPTG, the results of SDS-PAGE showed that the GST-SF fusion protein was expressed in high level. Western blot was performed to confirm that the expressed fusion protein could specifically react with mouse anti-SLT-IIeB antiserum, mouse anti-FedF antiserum and moue anti-GST monoclonal antibody respectively. The fusion protein was further purified and used as an antigen for preparation of immune serum. The anti-sera of GST-SF were able to restrain the toxicity of SLT-IIe to Vero-E6 cells and inhibit the adhesin of F18 fimbriae to brush borders of swine in vitro. Groups of SPF KM mice were vaccinated subcutaneously at 0 week with 25 micrograms and at 2 weeks with 25 micrograms of purified GST-SF, GST-B, GST-F and challenged intraperitoneally with volume of 5 LD50 Ee strain. The results show the fusion protein GST-SF had more shrong immunogenicity and better protection against Ee strain.
|
['Adhesins, Bacterial', 'Animals', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Female', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'Plasmids', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Shiga Toxins', 'Vero Cells']
| 18,271,261
|
[['D12.776.097.120.050', 'D12.776.543.100.050', 'D23.050.161.050'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.700.750.750', 'D23.946.123.794', 'D23.946.330.575'], ['A11.251.210.955', 'A11.436.955']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of oral appliance therapy on blood pressure in Japanese patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
|
OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment in patients with OSA and hypertension reduces blood pressure (BP). Oral appliance (OA) therapy is nowadays prescribed for patients with mild to moderate OSA. This study aimed to clarify the effect of OA therapy on BP reduction in Japanese patients with mild to moderate OSA.METHODS: Polysomnography was employed to detect sleep-disordered breathing. Totally, 237 patients without cardiac and/or cerebrovascular diseases and those with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ? 5/h-< 30/h were enrolled. Office BP change after receiving 8-12 weeks of OA therapy was assessed and the factors related to the degree of BP reduction were analyzed.RESULTS: The study patients consisted of 188 men and 49 women, the mean age was 54.7 ± 13.2 years old, and the body mass index (BMI) was 24.6 ± 3.4 kg/m(2). The antihypertensive effect of OA therapy resulted in systolic BP (SBP) -2.4 ± 14.8 (p = 0.078) and diastolic BP (DBP) -2.0 ± 11.7 mm Hg (p = 0.045) in all patients. SBP before OA therapy played a significant role in the degree of SBP reduction (â = -0.597, p < 0.001), whereas DBP before OA therapy was a significant factor of the degree of DBP reduction (â = -0.522, p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: A certain time period of OA therapy effected BP reduction in mild to moderate OSA patients without cardiac and/or cerebrovascular diseases. Its antihypertensive effect was greater in OSA patients whose BP was higher before receiving OA therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood Pressure Determination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polysomnography', 'Respiratory Therapy', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 27,158,750
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.140', 'E01.370.600.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520.625'], ['E02.880'], ['C08.618.085.852.850', 'C10.886.425.800.750.850'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The effects of anesthesia on otoacoustic emissions.
|
We have measured transient-evoked and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) in the chinchilla and compared them in the awake and anesthetized animal (using either ketamine or barbiturate agents). We report a significant increase in OAE amplitudes during anesthesia, particularly using ketamine. These effects are most evident for transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) as measured in the non-linear mode. Our data support the hypothesis that tonic activity levels in cochlear efferents may be reduced by anesthetic effects, either directly or indirectly (e.g., by general reductions in descending pathway activity), and that reduced cochlear efferent activity will result in the observed increase of OAE amplitudes.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adjuvants, Anesthesia', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Anesthetics, Dissociative', 'Animals', 'Atropine', 'Barbiturates', 'Chinchilla', 'Cochlea', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem', 'Ketamine', 'Neurons, Efferent', 'Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous', 'Sodium Chloride']
| 9,282,886
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['D27.505.954.427.010'], ['E03.155.197'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.035.075.035', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.035.075.035'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.145.074.722.229.199', 'D03.132.760.180.572.199', 'D03.132.889.180.648.199', 'D03.605.084.500.722.229.199', 'D03.605.869.229.199'], ['D03.383.742.698.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.328'], ['A09.246.300.246'], ['G07.265.216.500.370.300', 'G07.888.250.300', 'G11.561.200.500.370.300'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367.652'], ['A08.675.655', 'A11.671.655'], ['G07.888.500.750', 'G11.561.790.263.570'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nodular histiocytic aggregates in the endometrium: a report of 7 cases.
|
Nodular aggregates of nonfoamy histiocytes in the endometrium are uncommon. We describe herein the clinical and pathologic characteristics of 7 additional cases in endometrial biopsies or curettages. The patients ranged in age from 48 to 72 years, and the most common presenting symptom was abnormal uterine bleeding. Five of seven patients had undergone prior endometrial sampling (including 1 who had undergone 3 endometrial biopsies over the preceding 5 yr for follow-up of abnormal uterine bleeding). In 2 cases, an endometrial polyp was present in the same sample, and an additional 2 were found to have endometrial polyps on subsequent biopsies that were performed within 4 months of original samplings. The lesions, which ranged in size from 1 to 8 mm, were composed of monomorphic cells with abundant pink eosinophilic cytoplasm with a vaguely nodular arrangement. Two cases showed focally high mitotic activity with up to 4 mitoses per high-power field. Patient outcomes were unremarkable, which affirms the benign nature of the proliferation. Several features of this lesion, including mitotic activity, focal necrosis, and tight aggregation of cells, may raise the possibility of a neoplastic proliferation. This differential diagnosis can be readily resolved by awareness of the lesion and immunohistochemical analyses. Possible pathogenetic considerations are discussed, but these nodules represent, in our opinion, reaction to necrotic tissue in the endometrial cavity, possibly related to prior procedure.
|
['Aged', 'Endometrium', 'Female', 'Histiocytes', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Uterine Diseases']
| 24,300,536
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['A11.329.372.385', 'A11.627.482.385', 'A11.733.397.385', 'A15.382.670.522.385', 'A15.382.680.397.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C13.351.500.852']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A cost-effectiveness comparison of embryo donation with oocyte donation.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare the cost-effectiveness of embryo donation (ED) to that of oocyte donation (OD).DESIGN: Calculation of cost-effectiveness ratios (costs per outcome achieved) using data derived from clinical practices.SETTING: In vitro fertilization centers and embryo donation programs.PATIENT(S): Infertile couples undergoing oocyte donation or embryo donation.INTERVENTION(S): Oocyte donation or embryo donation cycles.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cost-effectiveness ratios.RESULT(S): For a single cycle, ED is approximately twice as cost-effective as OD, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of $21,990 per live delivery compared to 40,600 dollars. When strategies of up to three cycles (to achieve one live delivery) are used, ED costs 13,505 dollars per live delivery compared to 31,349 dollars for OD.CONCLUSION(S): Cost-effectiveness is a compelling reason for infertile couples to consider embryo donation.
|
['Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infertility, Female', 'Oocyte Donation', 'Pregnancy', 'Reproductive Techniques, Assisted', 'United States']
| 19,406,398
|
[['N03.219.151.125'], ['N03.219.151'], ['E04.520.252'], ['E02.875.800.500', 'E05.820.800.500'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['E02.875.800.968', 'E05.820.800.968'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E02.875.800', 'E05.820.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
alpha-Adrenolytic treatment in patients with autonomous bladders.
|
The effect of alpha-adrenolytic treatment (phenoxybenzamine) was studied in 8 patients with lower motor neuron lesions (autonomous bladders). In the cystometrograms, the bladders were more hypotonic and the "autononous waves" appeared at a higher level of filling or were totally extinguished after this pharmacological treatment. With an isotonic volume registration method, a bladder volume increase was recorded after alpha-adrenergic blockage. Using spincterometry or urethral pressure profile studies, a decrease in the urethral resistance was observed after alpha-adrenolytic treatment, resulting in a decrease in residual urine. This decrease in bladder wall tension and in residual urine effected an increased functional bladder capacity in patients with autonomous bladders.
|
['Adult', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phenoxybenzamine', 'Pressure', 'Urethra', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic', 'Urination', 'Urodynamics']
| 362,818
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['E05.290.625', 'E05.337.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.092.471.739'], ['G01.374.715'], ['A05.360.444.492.726', 'A05.810.876'], ['A05.810.890'], ['C10.597.900', 'C12.777.829.839', 'C13.351.968.829.760', 'C23.888.592.900'], ['G08.852.880'], ['G08.852.898']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Nanoimprinted thin films of reactive, azlactone-containing polymers: combining methods for the topographic patterning of cell substrates with opportunities for facile post-fabrication chemical functionalization.
|
Approaches to the fabrication of surfaces that combine methods for the topographic patterning of soft materials with opportunities for facile, post-fabrication chemical functionalization could contribute significantly to advances in biotechnology and a broad range of other areas. Here, we report methods that can be used to introduce well-defined nano- and microscale topographic features to thin films of reactive polymers containing azlactone functionality using nanoimprint lithography (NIL). We demonstrate that NIL can be used to imprint topographic patterns into thin films of poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) and a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone using silicon masters having patterns of grooves and ridges ranging in width from 400 nm to 2 microm, demonstrating the potential of this method to transfer patterns to films of these reactive polymers over a range of feature sizes and densities. We demonstrate further that the azlactone functionality of these polymers survives temperatures and pressures associated with NIL, and that topographically patterned films can be readily functionalized post-fabrication by treatment of surface-accessible azlactone functionality with small molecules and polymers containing primary amines. The results of experiments in which NIH-3T3 cells were seeded onto films imprinted with lined patterns having a pitch of 4 microm demonstrated that cells attach and proliferate on these azlactone-containing films and that they align in the direction of the imprinted pattern. Finally, we demonstrate that the treatment of these materials with amine-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can be used to create regions of topographically patterned films that prevent cell adhesion. The results of this study suggest approaches to the functionalization of topographically patterned surfaces with a broad range of chemical functionality (e.g., peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, etc.) of biotechnological interest. The ability to manipulate and define both the physical topography and chemical functionality of these reactive materials could provide opportunities to investigate the combined effects of substrate topography and chemical functionality on cell behavior and may also be useful in a broad range of other applications.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Lactones', 'Methacrylates', 'Mice', 'Molecular Imprinting', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'Nanotechnology', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Polymers', 'Silicon', 'Surface Properties']
| 19,290,643
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D02.540'], ['D02.241.081.069.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.196.655', 'E05.197.453', 'J01.897.836.249.437'], ['A11.251.210.100.550', 'A11.329.228.100.550'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D01.268.513.937'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biological and biochemical anti-HIV activity of the benzothiadiazine class of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
|
A series of benzothiadiazine derivatives were screened against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and certain structure-activity relationships were defined for anti-HIV activity in this chemical class. The selected representative NSC 287474 was a highly potent inhibitor of HIV-induced cell killing and HIV replication in a variety of human cell lines, as well as in fresh human peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages. The compound was active against a panel of biologically diverse laboratory and clinical strains of HIV-1, including the AZT-resistant strain G910-6. However, the agent was inactive against HIV-2, and also against both nevirapine- and pyridinone-resistant strains (N119 and A17) of HIV-1, which are cross-resistant to several structurally diverse nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The compound selectively inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, but not HIV-2 reverse transcriptase. Combination of NSC 287474 with AZT synergistically inhibited HIV-1-induced cell killing in vitro. The compound did not inhibit the replication of the Rauscher murine leukemia retrovirus or the simian immunodeficiency virus. The benzothiadiazine class of compounds represents a new active anti-HIV-1 chemotype within the diverse group of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
|
['Antiviral Agents', 'Base Sequence', 'Benzothiadiazines', 'Cell Line', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Drug Synergism', 'HIV Reverse Transcriptase', 'HIV-1', 'HIV-2', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Virus Replication', 'Zidovudine']
| 7,529,014
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D02.886.590.700.135', 'D02.886.655.500', 'D03.633.100.174'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.187', 'D12.776.964.775.375.545.875', 'D12.776.964.775.375.750.187', 'D12.776.964.775.562.764.875', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.545.875', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.750.187', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.545.875', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.750.187'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D27.505.519.389.675.850', 'D27.505.954.122.388.308'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G06.920.925'], ['D03.383.742.680.705.950', 'D13.570.230.500.950', 'D13.570.230.855.950', 'D13.570.685.705.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mediterranean Dietary Pattern is Associated with Low Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer: MCC-Spain Study.
|
PURPOSE: We explored the association of the previously described Western, prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns with prostate cancer risk by tumor aggressiveness and extension.MATERIALS AND METHODS: MCC-Spain (Multicase-Control Study on Common Tumors in Spain) is a population based, multicase-control study that was done in 7 Spanish provinces between September 2008 and December 2013. It collected anthropometric, epidemiological and dietary information on 754 histologically confirmed incident cases of prostate cancer and 1,277 controls 38 to 85 years old. Three previously identified dietary patterns, including Western, prudent and Mediterranean, were reconstructed using MCC-Spain data. The association of each pattern with prostate cancer risk was assessed by logistic regression models with random, province specific intercepts. Risk according to tumor aggressiveness (Gleason score 6 vs greater than 6) and extension (cT1-cT2a vs cT2b-cT4) was evaluated by multinomial regression models.RESULTS: High adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern rich not only in fruits and vegetables but also in fish, legumes and olive oil was specifically associated with a lower risk of Gleason score greater than 6 prostate cancer (quartile 3 vs 1 relative RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46-0.96 and quartile 4 vs 1 relative RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.46-1.01, p-trend = 0.023) or with higher clinical stage (cT2b-T4 quartile 4 vs 1 relative RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25-0.96, p-trend = 0.024). This association was not observed with the prudent pattern, which combines vegetables and fruits with low fat dairy products, whole grains and juices. The Western pattern did not show any association with prostate cancer risk.CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional recommendations for prostate cancer prevention should consider whole dietary patterns instead of individual foods. We found important differences between the Mediterranean dietary pattern, which was associated with a lower risk of aggressive prostate cancer, and Western and prudent dietary patterns, which had no relationship with prostate cancer risk.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Diet Surveys', 'Diet, Mediterranean', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Protective Factors', 'Risk Factors', 'Spain']
| 28,842,246
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.308.980.485.350', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469.300', 'N06.850.505.616.300', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469.350'], ['E02.642.249.270', 'G07.203.650.240.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.582', 'N05.715.350.200.675', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.570', 'N06.850.490.625.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.582'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.542.846']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The epidermal growth factor-like domain from tissue plasminogen activator. Cloning in E. coli, purification and ESR studies of its interaction with human blood platelets.
|
To examine whether the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain Pro47-Asp87 is involved in the interaction of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) with platelets, we have expressed this domain in E. coli. The peptide fragment was produced from a plasmid expression vector as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase Met1-Val444 at high yield in eight clones of E. coli. The fusion protein was purified and subjected to mild acid hydrolysis with formic acid, then the peptide Pro47-Asp87, identified by immunoblotting using specific antibodies to t-PA, was isolated by HPLC. After incubation with blood platelets spin labelled with 16-doxylstearic acid or 5-doxylstearic acid, the Pro47-Asp87 peptide fragment reduced fluidity of the membrane lipid bilayer to the same extent as did intact t-PA as indicated by ESR measurements. Our data suggest that the EGF-like domain of t-PA can directly interact with blood platelets and thus it seems to contain those sites of the t-PA molecule that bind the platelet membrane components.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Escherichia coli', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Tissue Plasminogen Activator']
| 8,030,371
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['E05.393.220'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.875', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.875', 'D12.776.124.125.662.768', 'D23.119.970']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The antral gastrin-producing cells in duodenal ulcer patients. An ultrastructural study before and during treatment with cimetidine.
|
Ultrastructural examination of the antral G cells has been carried out on 11 patients with chronic duodenal ulcer, before and after treatment with a histamine H-2 - receptor antagonist (cimetidine 1 g/day) for 8 weeks. The study demonstrated an increased area of the Golgi complex, rough endoplasmic reticulum and electron-dense granules, indicating increased G cell activity during treatment. An increased number of lysosomes was a constant feature during treatment. As an hypothesis we suggest that these lysosomes may participate in the secretory mechanism of human G cells, by destroying superfluous (Gastrin) components produced during hyperactivity.
|
['Adult', 'Cimetidine', 'Duodenal Ulcer', 'Endocrine Glands', 'Female', 'Gastrins', 'Golgi Apparatus', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pyloric Antrum']
| 3,923,703
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.078.370.200', 'D03.383.129.308.130'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.348', 'C06.405.748.586.349'], ['A06.300'], ['D06.472.317.413', 'D06.472.699.280', 'D12.644.400.320', 'D12.644.548.280', 'D12.776.631.650.320'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A03.556.875.875.716']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Federal environmental and occupational toxicology regulations and reporting requirements: a practical approach to what the medical toxicologist needs to know, part 1.
|
Toxicologists are often called upon to assist in environmental, industrial, occupational and public health assessments. Accordingly, medical toxicologists may find it prudent to be aware of applicable federal toxicological regulations and reporting requirements and of the roles of relevant federal agencies. These regulations are numerous, complex, and have evolved and expanded over time, making it difficult for toxicologists to sustain a current knowledge base. This article reviews the pertinent federal toxicological reporting requirements with regard to the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Atomic Energy Act (AEA), the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA), the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Department of Transportation, and information about the National Response Center. We reference internet-based government resources and offer direct links to applicable websites in an attempt to offer rapid and current sources of practical information. The format of the article is a series of hypothetical scenarios followed by commentary. Discussions of the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act are beyond the scope of this paper. For those desiring a more in-depth discussion of the relevant federal environmental laws and statutes and applicable case law, the reader is directed to resources such as the Environmental Law Handbook, the websites of individual laws found at www.epa.gov and the decisions of individual courts of appeal. It is our hope that this article provides not only useful practical information for the practicing toxicologist but also serves as a key reference for medical toxicology core content on environmental laws and regulations.
|
['Ecotoxicology', 'Government Agencies', 'Hazardous Waste', 'Humans', 'Occupational Health', 'Toxicology', 'United States', 'United States Environmental Protection Agency']
| 25,023,223
|
[['H01.158.273.248.500', 'H01.158.891.211', 'H01.277.249.500', 'H02.884.211'], ['I01.409.418', 'N03.540.400'], ['D20.944.380', 'D27.888.426.500', 'N06.850.460.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.400.525'], ['H01.158.891', 'H02.884'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['I01.409.418.750.937', 'N03.540.348.500.500.937']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Inhibition of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) activities of human placenta by steroids and non-steroidal hormone agonists and antagonists.
|
Various naturally occurring steroids, synthetic steroid derivatives and non-steroidal hormone agonists and antagonists were assayed as inhibitors of human placental 17 beta-HSD activities. Microsomal 17 beta-HSD was inhibited by C18-, C19- and C21-steroids. Soluble 17 beta-HSD was highly specific for C18-steroids. In contrast to the soluble activity, the microsomal enzyme also had a strong affinity for ethinylestradiol (KI = 0.3 microM) and danazol (KI = 0.6 microM); anabolic steroids and norethisterone were weaker inhibitors. Of the non-steroids tested only diethylstilbestrol and o-demethyl CI-680 were inhibitors and they showed a greater affinity for soluble 17 beta-HSD. KI-values for estradiol-17 beta, (0.8 microM), progesterone (27.0 microM) and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (1.5 microM) were comparable to reported tissue levels of these compounds, consistent with a possible competition in vivo among naturally occurring C18-, C19-, and C21-steroids for the active site of microsomal 17 beta-HSD.
|
['17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases', 'Female', 'Hormone Antagonists', 'Hormones', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Microsomes', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'Steroids']
| 6,597,979
|
[['D08.811.682.047.436.375'], ['D06.347', 'D27.505.696.399.450'], ['D06.472', 'D27.505.696.399.472'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['A11.284.835.540'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D04.210.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inclusion of Dap10 or 4-1BB costimulation domains in the chPD1 receptor enhances anti-tumor efficacy of T cells in murine models of lymphoma and melanoma.
|
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) utilize costimulatory domains to enhance anti-tumor efficacy. However, it is unclear which costimulatory domain is preferable. Therefore, the intracellular domains of CD28, Dap10, 41BB, GITR, ICOS, or OX40 were compared in a murine chimeric PD1 (chPD1) receptor that targets tumor-associated PD1 ligands. Upon antigen restimulation, T cells expressing chPD1-CD28 receptors had reduced lytic capacity. While most of the chPD1 T cell receptors secreted pro-inflammatory (IFNã, TNFá, IL-2, GM-CSF, IL-17, and IL-21) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), chPD1-Dap10 did not secrete IL-10. Furthermore, chPD1-Dap10 and -41BB receptors induced a memory precursor phenotype, had enhanced persistence in vivo, and superior therapeutic efficacy in murine models of T cell lymphoma and melanoma compared to chPD1-CD28 or chPD1-GITR expressing T cells. Therefore, each costimulatory domain induces differential effects in CAR-expressing T cells and inclusion of Dap10 or 4-1BB costimulatory domains may induce a preferential cytokine profile and differentiation for cancer therapy.
|
['4-1BB Ligand', 'Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Immunotherapy, Adoptive', 'Lymphoma', 'Male', 'Melanoma, Experimental', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'Receptors, Chimeric Antigen', 'Receptors, Immunologic']
| 32,106,933
|
[['D12.644.276.374.750.065', 'D12.776.395.192', 'D12.776.467.374.750.065', 'D12.776.543.550.194', 'D23.529.374.750.065'], ['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.330.050.400', 'E05.478.550.520.050.400'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510.525', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510.525', 'C04.557.665.510.525', 'C04.619.600', 'E05.598.500.496.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.776.465.844', 'D12.776.543.750.705.222.875', 'D23.050.301.264.894.790', 'D23.101.100.894.790'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824'], ['D12.776.543.750.655.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.816.824.150', 'D12.776.826.387.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Osteoid-osteoma as a cause of scoliosis.
|
In nine cases of osteoid-osteoma causing scoliosis, all lesions were in the spine and several led to significant structural spine changes. One patient had two distinct spine lesions two years apart. Almost all cases were misdiagnosed and improperly treated at first. Prompt recognition should lead to early surgical excision without spine fusion.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Laminectomy', 'Male', 'Osteoma, Osteoid', 'Scoliosis', 'Spinal Fusion', 'Spinal Neoplasms']
| 1,112,842
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.171'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.718.563', 'E04.188.400', 'E04.525.450', 'E04.555.350'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.625.625'], ['C05.116.900.800.875'], ['E04.555.100.700'], ['C04.588.149.828', 'C05.116.231.828', 'C05.116.900.801']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Detection of Pneumocystis carinii in respiratory specimens by PCR-solution hybridization enzyme-linked immunoassay.
|
By using a recently developed PCR-solution hybridization enzyme-linked assay (PCR-SHELA), we investigated Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples and induced sputa of patients with pneumocystosis. In detecting P. carinii, PCR-SHELA proved more sensitive than immunofluorescence staining or a single PCR and significantly more diagnostically specific than a nested PCR. Our data suggest that PCR-SHELA could be used to detect P. carinii organisms in respiratory samples, particularly in patients with uncertain diagnoses.
|
['AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'Adult', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Pneumocystis', 'Pneumonia, Pneumocystis', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sputum']
| 9,163,489
|
[['C01.221.250.875.100', 'C01.597.050', 'C01.610.684.050', 'C01.925.597.050', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.100', 'C20.673.480.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['B01.300.107.730'], ['C01.150.703.534.700', 'C01.150.703.770.700', 'C01.748.435.700', 'C01.748.610.675', 'C08.381.472.700', 'C08.381.677.675', 'C08.730.435.700', 'C08.730.610.675'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['A12.200.808']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Experiences of the first 16 hospitals using copper-silver ionization for Legionella control: implications for the evaluation of other disinfection modalities.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hospital-acquired legionnaires' disease can be prevented by disinfection of hospital water systems. This study assessed the long-term efficacy of copper-silver ionization as a disinfection method in controlling Legionella in hospital water systems and reducing the incidence of hospital-acquired legionnaires' disease. A standardized, evidence-based approach to assist hospitals with decision making concerning the possible purchase of a disinfection system is presented.DESIGN: The first 16 hospitals to install copper-silver ionization systems for Legionella disinfection were surveyed. Surveys conducted in 1995 and 2000 documented the experiences of the hospitals with maintenance of the system, contamination of water with Legionella, and occurrence of hospital-acquired legionnaires' disease. All were acute care hospitals with a mean of 435 beds.RESULTS: All 16 hospitals reported cases of hospital-acquired legionnaires' disease prior to installing the copper-silver ionization system. Seventy-five percent had previously attempted other disinfection methods including superheat and flush, ultraviolet light, and hyperchlorination. By 2000, the ionization systems had been operational from 5 to 11 years. Prior to installation, 47% of the hospitals reported that more than 30% of distal water sites yielded Legionella. In 1995, after installation, 50% of the hospitals reported 0% positivity, and 43% still reported 0% in 2000. Moreover, no cases of hospital-acquired legionnaires' disease have occurred in any hospital since 1995.CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the final step in a proposed 4-step evaluation process of disinfection systems that includes (1) demonstrated efficacy of Legionella eradication in vitro using laboratory assays, (2) anecdotal experiences in preventing legionnaires' disease in individual hospitals, (3) controlled studies in individual hospitals, and (4) validation in confirmatory reports from multiple hospitals during a prolonged time (5 to 11 years in this study). Copper-silver ionization is now the only disinfection modality to have fulfilled all four evaluation criteria.
|
['Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.', 'Copper', 'Cross Infection', 'Disinfection', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Humans', "Legionnaires' Disease", 'Maintenance and Engineering, Hospital', 'Silver', 'United States', 'Water Microbiology', 'Water Purification']
| 12,940,575
|
[['I01.409.418.750.600.650.200', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.225'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850.375'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.252.400.500.501', 'C01.748.382.380', 'C08.730.382.380'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.450', 'N02.628.472', 'N04.452.442.452.422.450'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
New insights into the evolution of intronic sequences of the beta-fibrinogen gene and their application in reconstructing mustelid phylogeny.
|
Mustelidae is the largest and most diverse family in the order Carnivora. The phylogenetic relationships among the subfamilies have especially long been a focus of study. Herein we are among the first to employ two new introns (4 and 7) of the nuclear beta-fibrinogen gene to clarify these enigmatic problems. In addition, two previously available nuclear (IRBP exon 1 and TTR intron 1) and one mt (ND2) data sets were also combined and analyzed simultaneously with the newly obtained sequence data in this study. Detailed characterizations of the two intronic regions not only reveal the remarkable occurrences of short interspersed element (SINE) insertion events, providing a new example supporting the attractive hypothesis that attrition of an earlier retroposition may offer a proper environment for successive retropositions by forming a "dimer-like" structure, but also demonstrate their utility in the resolution of mustelid phylogeny. All of our analyses confirm the assemblage of Mustelinae, Lutrinae, and Melinae with confidence; moreover, two clades within Mustelinae were clearly recognized, i.e., genera Mustela and Martes. Notably, genus Martes of Mustelinae was found to branch off first, followed by Melinae and then a clade containing Lutrinae and genus Mustela of Mustelinae, indicating paraphyly of Mustelinae. In addition, Mephitinae diverges before the other mustelids and the monophyletic Procyonidae in all cases, supporting its elevation to a separate family. Additional independent genetic markers are still in need to resolve the trichotomy among Mephitinae and the other two carnivoran clades, Ailuridae and Procyonidae/non-mephitine Mustelidae.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Fibrinogen', 'Introns', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Models, Genetic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mustelidae', 'Phylogeny', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements']
| 18,624,576
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['D12.776.124.050.250', 'D12.776.124.125.500', 'D12.776.811.300', 'D23.119.490'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.575'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.330.800.800', 'G05.360.080.708.330.800.800', 'G05.360.340.024.425.800.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Sodium houttuyfonate inhibits inflammation by blocking the MAPKs/NF-êB signaling pathways in bovine endometrial epithelial cells.
|
Sodium houttuyfonate (SH) has traditionally been used for the therapy of inflammatory diseases. In this research, we tried to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of SH on LPS-induced bovine endometrial epithelial cell (bEEC) inflammation. SH cell toxicity was measured using the MTT and LDH assays, and inflammatory cytokine expression was assessed by ELISA, qRT-PCR and Western blotting. We demonstrated that SH was not cytotoxic to bEECs, and that it significantly decreased the LPS-induced mRNA and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) á, interleukin (IL)-1â, IL-6 and IL-8. Furthermore, in LPS-induced bEECs, SH inhibited IêBá degradation and NF-êB p65 phosphorylation, and suppressed the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In conclusion, we found that SH could effectively block the NF-êB-mediated signaling pathway and reduce the inflammatory process, thereby exerting a protective effect on bEECs.
|
['Alkanes', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Chemokines', 'Cytokines', 'Endometritis', 'Endometrium', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Inflammation', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'NF-kappa B', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sulfites']
| 25,935,757
|
[['D02.455.326.146'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['D12.644.276.374.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200', 'D23.125.300', 'D23.469.200', 'D23.529.374.200'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['C13.351.500.056.750.249', 'C13.351.500.852.299'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['A11.436'], ['C23.550.470'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D01.248.497.158.904', 'D01.875.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Indices of the functional and secretory activity of EC cells of the stomach of the rat after electric stimulation of the vagus nerve].
|
Within 1, 5, 10 and 30 min after a direct short-term electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve, the amount of histochemically detectable EC-cells was counted and dynamics of changes in stereometric characteristics of their subcellular organelles were investigated in the antral part of the mucous membrane of the rat stomach. The maximum activation of mitochondria, Golgi complex, nucleus and nucleolus was observed within 1 min. A significant decrease in the volume and number of electron-dense secretum granules accompanied by a rise in number of vacuole-like granules occurred within 10 min, i. e. functional and metabolic activity of serotonin-producing EC-cells after vagostimulation increased earlier than the secretion of this monoamine started. The above changes in EC-cells were not accompanied by changes in their number in antral part. The data obtained elucidate the cellular mechanisms of neurohumoral regulation of secretory and trophic processes in the stomach.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Chromaffin System', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Enterochromaffin Cells', 'Male', 'Mitosis', 'Rats', 'Serotonin', 'Stomach', 'Vagus Nerve']
| 3,781,041
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['A06.224'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['E05.723.402'], ['A03.556.875.875.440.250', 'A06.224.358', 'A06.390.021', 'A10.615.550.291.162', 'A11.382.625.031', 'A11.436.294.031', 'A15.382.250'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['A08.800.050.050.925', 'A08.800.050.600.825', 'A08.800.800.060.920', 'A08.800.800.120.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels influence the balance of migration and differentiation of subventricular zone cells, but not guidance to the olfactory bulb.
|
New progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) migrate rostrally and differentiate into interneurons in the olfactory bulb (OB) throughout life. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may influence the normal progression of this migration. In the present study, mouse SVZ explant cultures were used to investigate how BDNF modulates the behavior of these migrating progenitors. Concentrations of BDNF in the physiological range (e.g. 1ng/mL) stimulated migration, whereas doses of 10 ng/mL or higher induced SVZ cell differentiation and reduced migration. Pharmacological inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway blocked the BDNF-induced differentiation of SVZ progenitors, indicating that differentiation of SVZ progenitors in response to high-dose BDNF is initiated through MAPK. Physiological concentrations of BDNF, like the presence of polysialic acid in the tissue, stimulated migration of cells from the explant without affecting the speed at which this occurs. Interestingly, in vivo immunohistochemical and molecular analysis showed similar levels of BDNF in both the SVZ and OB; that is, there was no positive gradient attracting SVZ cells towards the OB. Our data show that SVZ cells respond differently to different concentrations of BDNF.
|
['Animals', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Movement', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Neural Stem Cells', 'Neurogenesis', 'Olfactory Bulb']
| 21,177,109
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['A11.872.653'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.388']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Five-year follow-up of regenerative periodontal therapy with enamel matrix derivative at sites with angular bone defects.
|
BACKGROUND: This prospective case series report aimed at analyzing the long-term (5 years) stability of clinical attachment level (CAL) gains following regenerative therapy with the use of enamel matrix proteins in intrabony defects.METHODS: A total of 114 consecutively treated periodontal patients (mean age: 55.8 years) were initially included. Each subject exhibited at least one deep proximal intrabony defect with the inclusion criteria of 1) probing depth (PD)>or=5 mm, 2) clinical attachment loss>or=6 mm, and 3) radiographic evidence of a >or=3-mm intrabony component. A total of 146 defects met the criteria for inclusion. At least 6 months after the completion of an initial phase of mechanical infection control, a baseline examination was performed to characterize the experimental site. Reconstructive therapy with the use of enamel matrix proteins was subsequently performed. Experimental sites were reexamined 1 and 5 years after reconstructive surgery. Primary efficacy variables were considered to be changes in PD, CAL, soft tissue recession (REC), and radiographic defect depth (RDD). Stepwise regression analysis was employed for evaluation of predicting factors of CAL change between the 1- and 5-year reexaminations.RESULTS: A total of 82 patients (102 defects) were included in the analysis. One year following the regenerative surgery, a mean CAL gain of 4.3 mm (P<0.001), a mean PD reduction of 4.9 mm (P<0.001), and a mean increase in REC of 0.6 mm (P<0.001) were recorded. At the 5-year follow-up, a further mean PD reduction of 0.3 mm (P>0.05), CAL gain of 1.1 mm (P<0.01), and reduction in recession of 0.8 mm (P<0.01) had taken place. Radiographs revealed that the bone defect had been reduced in depth with an average of 2.9 mm at 1 year (P<0.001). No statistically significant alteration in defect depth was observed between 1 and 5 years of follow-up. The stepwise regression analysis identified the degree of REC and residual PD at 1 year as significant predictors of CAL change between 1 and 5 years.CONCLUSION: Results demonstrated long-term (5 years) stability of CAL gains following regenerative therapy with the use of enamel matrix proteins in intrabony defects.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Alveolar Bone Loss', 'Alveolar Process', 'Dental Enamel Proteins', 'Dental Scaling', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Furcation Defects', 'Gingival Recession', 'Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Periodontal Attachment Loss', 'Periodontal Pocket', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiography', 'Root Planing', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,460,257
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C05.116.264.150', 'C07.465.714.354.500'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.125', 'A14.521.125', 'A14.549.167.646.094'], ['D12.776.231'], ['E06.721.189.350', 'E06.761.227.350'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C07.465.714.204'], ['C07.465.714.258.447', 'C07.465.714.354.625'], ['E04.680.300.500', 'E06.645.410', 'E06.721.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C07.465.714.354.750'], ['C07.465.714.533.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E06.721.189.350.650', 'E06.721.874.650', 'E06.761.227.350.650'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
PromPDD, a web-based tool for the prediction, deciphering and design of promiscuous peptides that bind to HLA class I molecules.
|
Promiscuous peptides that can be presented by multiple human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) have great potential for the development of vaccines with wide population coverage. However, the current available methods for the prediction of peptides that bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are mainly aimed at the rapid or mass screening of potential T cell epitopes from pathogen antigens or proteomics. The current approaches do not allow deciphering the contribution of the residue at each peptide position to the promiscuous binding ability of the peptide or obtaining guidelines for the design of promiscuous peptides. In this study, we re-evaluated and characterized four matrix-based prediction models that have been extensively used for the prediction of HLA-binding peptides and found that the prediction models generated based on the average relative binding (ARB) matrix shared a consistent and conservative threshold for all well-studied HLA class I alleles. Evaluations performed using datasets of HLA supertype-specific peptides with various cross-binding abilities and peptide mutant analogues indicated that the ARB-based binding matrices could be used to decipher and design promiscuous peptides that bind to multiple HLA molecules. A web-based tool called PromPDD was developed using ARB matrix-based models, and this tool enables the prediction, deciphering and design of promiscuous peptides that bind to multiple HLA molecules within or across HLA supertypes in a simpler and more direct manner. Furthermore, we expanded the application of PromPDD to HLA class I alleles with limited experimentally verified data by generating pan-specific matrices using a derived modular method, and 2641 HLA molecules encoded by HLA-A and HLA-B genes are available in PromPDD. PromPDD, which is freely available at http://www.immunoinformatics.net/PromPDD/, is the first tool for the deciphering and design of promiscuous peptides that bind to HLA class I molecules.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computational Biology', 'Computer Simulation', 'Datasets as Topic', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class I', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Models, Chemical', 'Peptides', 'Protein Binding']
| 31,678,214
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.318.308.056', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.500', 'L01.399.250.224', 'L01.470.750.750.431', 'N05.715.360.300.224', 'N06.850.520.308.056'], ['D12.776.395.550.489', 'D12.776.543.550.439', 'D23.050.301.500.100', 'D23.050.705.552.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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A 12-lead ECG-method for quantifying ischemia-induced QRS prolongation to estimate the severity of the acute myocardial event.
|
INTRODUCTION: Studies have shown terminal QRS distortion and resultant QRS prolongation during ischemia to be a sign of low cardiac protection and thus a faster rate of myocardial cell death. A recent study introduced a single lead method to quantify the severity of ischemia by estimating QRS prolongation. This paper introduces a 12-lead method that, in contrast to the previous method, does not require access to a prior ECG.METHODS: QRS duration was estimated in the lead that showed the maximal ST deviation according to a novel method. The degree of prolongation was determined by subtracting the measured QRS duration in the lead that showed the least ST deviation.RESULTS: The method is demonstrated in examples of acute occlusion in two of the major coronary arteries.CONCLUSION: This paper presents a 12-lead method to quantify the severity of ischemia, by measuring QRS prolongation, without requiring comparison with a previous ECG.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Algorithms', 'Coronary Stenosis', 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Electrocardiography', 'Humans', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 26,931,515
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C14.280.647.250.285', 'C14.907.585.250.285'], ['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[MR image analysis of 147 cases of meningeal tuberculosis].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the MRI features of meningeal tuberculosis.METHODS: The MR images of meningeal tuberculosis were retrospectively analyzed in 147 patients who were clinically diagnosed from 2009 to 2014 years in our hospital, including 77 males, and 70 females. Their age ranged from 14 to 70 years, and the average age was(32 ± 13)years. All cases underwent MR plain scan and enhancement scan, and 26 cases underwent 3D TOF sequence and MRA vascular reconstruction. The characteristics of the morphological change, MR signal of meningeal lesions and the secondary changes were investigated for 56 cases of meningeal carcinomatosis due to lung cancer, including 29 males and 27 females. Their age ranged from 36 to 78 years old, and the average age was (58 ± 11)years. The MR imaging characteristics of meningeal lesions were compared with those of meningeal tuberculosis. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used for count data analysis, and t-test was used for measurement data. P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.RESULTS: Among 147 cases of meningeal tuberculosis, 146 (99.32%) had involvement of the cerebral pia mater, 104 of the basal cistern, and 108 of the cistern of lateral fissure pools. Lesions located in fissura longitudinalis cerebri pool, convexity of brain and cerebellar back were found in 46, 35 and 17 cases, respectively. MRI findings in plain scan were normal in 11 patients, and abnormal in 136 cases. Thickening meningeal lesions with different degrees were shown in the abnormal cases, with irregular or nodular slightly low signal intensity in T2WI in 77 cases. The meningeal lesions of all cases had homogeneous or inhomogeneous enhancement in enhanced scanning. There were 85 cases with meningeal nodules, including nodules with scattered distribution in 23 cases, and cluster distribution in 62 cases. The number of nodules was up to 1 105, including 452 nodules with homogeneous enhancement, and 653 nodules with ring enhancement. Most nodules of cluster distribution showed ring enhancement or separate enhancement. Secondary changes included hydrocephalus in 94 cases, anterior cerebral artery involvement in 17 cases, middle cerebral artery involvement in 58 cases, posterior cerebral artery involvement in 9 cases, 42 cases complicated with cerebral infarction and optic nerve involvement in 49 cases. Comparison of MR manifestations of meningeal tuberculosis and meningeal metastasis showed that, the location, type of meningeal involvement, edge of lesions, relative position of lesions and meninges, distribution of nodules were significantly different(P<0.05), except arachnoid lesions (P=0.066).CONCLUSION: The MRI characteristics of meningeal tuberculosis were thickening of cerebral basilar cistern meninges. These signs were valuable for MRI diagnosis of meningeal tuberculosis, including cases complicated with meningeal nodules of cluster distribution. The nodules were of low signal on T2WI, with ring enhancement or separate enhancement, with secondary hydrocephalus, cerebral vasculitis in anterior circulation, and brain infarction. The result also showed that contrast-enhanced MRI was valuable for diagnosis of meningeal tuberculosis as well.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Brain', 'Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tuberculosis, Meningeal', 'Young Adult']
| 26,850,769
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C01.150.252.223.500.937', 'C01.150.252.223.850.800', 'C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.570.600', 'C01.207.180.500.937', 'C01.207.180.850.800', 'C10.228.228.180.500.937', 'C10.228.228.180.850.800', 'C10.228.614.280.915'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Expression of the addisonian autoantigen in human adrenal tumors.
|
Sera of patients with Addison's disease contain autoantibodies recognizing antigen(s) in the adrenal cortex. In the present study we have examined the antigen expression in normal (n = 6) and pathological human adrenal tissues (n = 24) and also in the human steroid-producing adrenocortical cell line NCI-H295. Sera from two patients with Addison's disease were selected as they strongly stained the human adrenal gland and identified a 54 kDa autoantigen previously demonstrated as 21-hydroxylase. These sera reacted with normal human adrenal cortex (n = 6), all hyperplasias (n = 5) and all the adrenocortical cancers (n = 9), whereas slight or no reactivity was observed in the adenomas without any detectable excess of peripheral steroids (n = 4). Both patient sera reacted in an identical manner with each tissue specimen and they also reacted strongly with the steroid-producing cell line. The data demonstrate that the expression of the Addisonian autoantigen correlates with the functional activity of adrenocortical neoplasms. Furthermore they suggest, that immunohistochemical stainings for steroid-producing enzymes may be clinically useful in the characterization of adrenal lesions.
|
['Addison Disease', 'Adrenal Cortex', 'Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Autoantibodies', 'Autoantigens', 'Blotting, Western', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 8,003,612
|
[['C19.053.500.263', 'C20.111.163'], ['A06.300.071.140'], ['C04.588.322.078.265', 'C19.053.098.265', 'C19.053.347.500', 'C19.344.078.265'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['D23.050.422'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Drug targets for cell cycle dysregulators in leukemogenesis: in silico docking studies.
|
Alterations in cell cycle regulating proteins are a key characteristic in neoplastic proliferation of lymphoblast cells in patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). The aim of our study was to investigate whether the routinely administered ALL chemotherapeutic agents would be able to bind and inhibit the key deregulated cell cycle proteins such as--Cyclins E1, D1, D3, A1 and Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDK) 2 and 6. We used Schr?dinger Glide docking protocol to dock the chemotherapeutic drugs such as Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin and others which are not very common including Clofarabine, Nelarabine and Flavopiridol, to the crystal structures of these proteins. We observed that the drugs were able to bind and interact with cyclins E1 and A1 and CDKs 2 and 6 while their docking to cyclins D1 and D3 were not successful. This binding proved favorable to interact with the G1/S cell cycle phase proteins that were examined in this study and may lead to the interruption of the growth of leukemic cells. Our observations therefore suggest that these drugs could be explored for use as inhibitors for these cell cycle proteins. Further, we have also highlighted residues which could be important in the designing of pharmacophores against these cell cycle proteins. This is the first report in understanding the mechanism of action of the drugs targeting these cell cycle proteins in leukemia through the visualization of drug-target binding and molecular docking using computational methods.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Arabinonucleosides', 'Carcinogenesis', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Cell Cycle Checkpoints', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Curcumin', 'Daunorubicin', 'Doxorubicin', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Molecular Targeted Therapy', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma']
| 24,454,966
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['D13.570.065'], ['C04.697.098', 'C23.550.727.098'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['G04.144.109'], ['D12.776.167'], ['D02.455.326.146.485.222.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.200', 'D02.455.426.559.694.222'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200', 'D04.615.562.050.200', 'D09.408.051.059.200'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.282'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['E02.319.574'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Non-specific nasal provocation in children with chronic allergic rhinitis.
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Twenty-three children with chronic allergic rhinitis (Group A) and eleven normal non-atopic subjects (group C) were submitted to non-specific nasal provocation tests with histamine (0.03; 0.06; 0.125; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 4.0 mg/ml), and one week later with methacholine (0.025; 0.1; 0.25, 0.5; 1.0; 2.5; 5.0 and 10.0 mg/ml). Measurements of total nasal resistance were performed by active anterior rhinomanometry (Berger, S.A.) and symptoms were recorded. Challenges were carried out in the morning with all children in an acclimatized room (25 degrees C/77 degrees F). Concentrations of the tested drugs were increasingly instilled, and after 5 min were followed by total nasal resistance, FEV, and FVC measurements. Considering as positive those tests in which total nasal resistance had a 100% increase, we observed that both histamine and methacholine caused an increase in total nasal resistance as instilled drug concentration rose; histamine provocations were significantly more positive among group A than group C patients (91% sensitivity, 80.8% positive predictive value). This was not observed with methacholine (55% sensitivity, 75% positive predictive value). In neither provocation was there correlation between the concentration that induced a positive response and symptoms. There were no changes in spirometric values during the tests. Nasal provocations with histamine and methacholine are safe and well tolerated. Histamine seems to be more adequate for differentiating children with allergic rhinitis from normal controls.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Histamine', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methacholine Chloride', 'Nasal Provocation Tests', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal']
| 8,727,268
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.092.877.883.555.500', 'D02.675.276.534.500'], ['E01.370.386.550'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['C08.460.799.315.500', 'C08.674.453.500', 'C09.603.799.315.500', 'C20.543.480.680.443.500'], ['C08.460.799.315.750', 'C08.674.453.750', 'C09.603.799.315.750', 'C20.543.480.680.443.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Changes in renal function during physical and mental effort.
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Aim of the study was to evaluate the renal responses to physical and mental effort in essential hypertension by means of a non-invasive radioisotopic method. Renal uptake rate of Tc99m-DMSA was evaluated in 10 subjects. Starting from 5 to 15 minutes after dose injection counts over the kidney region were acquired by means of a gamma-camera time-activity curves were obtained for each kidney. In non-stimulated patients DMSA uptake rate increased regularly; in the remaining cases both isometric exercise and mental effort induced an abrupt reduction of the uptake rate which increased again after the end of the test. Although the relation of DMSA uptake rate to renal function is not yet fully understood, we tentatively interpret these results as indicating blood flow reductions during these stressful conditions.
|
['Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Kidney', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Physical Exertion', 'Renal Circulation', 'Rest', 'Succimer', 'Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid', 'Thinking']
| 2,824,100
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D02.691'], ['G11.427.683'], ['G08.852.725', 'G09.330.100.812'], ['I03.450.769.647'], ['D02.241.081.337.759.500', 'D02.886.489.750'], ['D02.241.081.337.759.500.725', 'D02.691.825.468', 'D02.886.489.750.725'], ['F02.463.785']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Leg edema formation and venous blood flow velocity during a simulated long-haul flight.
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INTRODUCTION: Long-distance traveling in a sitting position may be associated with an increased incidence for venous thromboembolism. As major contributing factors immobility and compression of leg veins are discussed. At present no studies have been performed measuring the time course of lower limb blood flow, leg volume and leg tissue thickness during a long-haul flight.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured limb volumes (plethysmographic method), lower leg tissue thickness and lower limb venous hemodynamics before, during and after 10 h sitting in modern aircraft chairs under normobaric hypoxia in healthy volunteers (n=12).RESULTS: Lower leg volume was already significantly increased after 4 h sitting (+109 ml) reaching its maximum after 10 h (+145 ml). These changes were accompanied by an increased body weight, total body water, extracellular water and tissue thickness of the tibia. No significant changes were measured for leg vessel cross-section diameters and maximal flow velocities in superficial femoral veins. After 10 h sitting core temperature, overall surface temperature and skin temperatures in front of the tibia were significantly increased. All parameters returned to baseline one day after sitting.CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged sitting in modern aircraft seats is associated with a remarkable fluid accumulation in the lower legs which mainly occurred during the first hours. These fluid shifts were independent of lower limb venous hemodynamics and vessel cross-sectional diameters.
|
['Aircraft', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Body Composition', 'Body Temperature', 'Body Weight', 'Edema', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Plethysmography', 'Posture', 'Thromboembolism', 'Time Factors', 'Travel', 'Venous Thrombosis']
| 17,250,877
|
[['J01.937.285.100'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['C23.888.277'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['E01.370.370.610'], ['G11.427.695'], ['C14.907.355.590'], ['G01.910.857'], ['I03.883'], ['C14.907.355.830.925']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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The effect of early intervention and pre-school stimulus on the development of the Down's syndrome child.
|
This paper describes the effect on a group of D.S. children of early and continuous parental counselling together with intensive pre-school stimulation in which the parents were fully involved. The stimulated group is compared with a similar group who developed unaided in their own homes, and with a third group who were institutionalised before their second birthday. Developmental Clinics in East Kent providing the stimulus are described. The effects of social class, parental age and family pattern were noted. The tests used were the Griffiths' Developmental and Stanford-Binet Scales, and the school placement at five years was studied. The results show that the stimulated group score higher on the IQ and DQ tests and particularly on Personal Social and Speech Development. School placement acts as an unbiased measurement of progress, and suggests that they are more easily integrated into the normal community.
|
['Child Development', 'Child Rearing', 'Child, Preschool', 'Down Syndrome', 'Education of Intellectually Disabled', 'Humans', 'Intelligence', 'Intelligence Tests', 'Language Development', 'Social Class', 'Socialization']
| 158,093
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Beyond the Levant: first evidence of a pre-pottery Neolithic incursion into the Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia.
|
Pre-Pottery Neolithic assemblages are best known from the fertile areas of the Mediterranean Levant. The archaeological site of Jebel Qattar 101 (JQ-101), at Jubbah in the southern part of the Nefud Desert of northern Saudi Arabia, contains a large collection of stone tools, adjacent to an Early Holocene palaeolake. The stone tool assemblage contains lithic types, including El-Khiam and Helwan projectile points, which are similar to those recorded in Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B assemblages in the Fertile Crescent. Jebel Qattar lies ?500 kilometres outside the previously identified geographic range of Pre-Pottery Neolithic cultures. Technological analysis of the typologically diagnostic Jebel Qattar 101 projectile points indicates a unique strategy to manufacture the final forms, thereby raising the possibility of either direct migration of Levantine groups or the acculturation of mobile communities in Arabia. The discovery of the Early Holocene site of Jebel Qattar suggests that our view of the geographic distribution and character of Pre-Pottery Neolithic cultures may be in need of revision.
|
['Archaeology', 'Civilization', 'Environment', 'Humans', 'Saudi Arabia']
| 23,894,294
|
[['I01.076.201.208'], ['I01.076.201.450.226'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.750']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Seasonal variation of potential flavivirus vectors in an urban biological reserve in northeastern Brazil.
|
Although yellow fever (YF) has not been reported on the eastern coast of Brazil since 1942, there was a reemergence of dengue fever in Brazil in 1987 due to the reintroduction of Aedes aegypti (L.). To assess areas of potential risk for transmission of vector-borne diseases, a surveillance system was placed in a large Atlantic Forest reserve in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, where in 2004 unexplained epizootics were reported among marmosets. The etiologic agent causing the mortality in marmosets has not been identified. Wyeomyia bourrouli Lutz, Haemagogus leucocelaenus Dyar & Shannon, Ae. aegypti, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Ochlerotatus scapularis Rondani, Ochlerotatus serratus Theobald, Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus Wiedemann, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and Limatus durhami Theobald were collected in the park and in the proximity of the households adjacent to the park. Seasonal abundance fluctuation was significant for Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ochlerotatus scapularis (Rondani), and Hg. leucocelaenus. Eggs of Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Hg. leucocelaenus were more frequently found at the conclusion of the rainy season. A significant negative correlation between the number ofAe. albopictus collected and temperature was observed (r = -0.50), i.e., for each 10C increase in temperature, the number of specimens collected decreased eight-fold. The findings reported herein reinforce the need for a sustainable arboviral surveillance program in this area to decrease the potential risk of emergence of vector borne diseases as YF.
|
['Animals', 'Brazil', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Culicidae', 'Flavivirus', 'Insect Vectors', 'Larva', 'Population Density', 'Population Dynamics', 'Rain', 'Seasons', 'Temperature']
| 19,960,696
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875'], ['B04.820.578.344.350'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.500', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.500'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['G16.500.175.859', 'G16.500.275.063.725.395', 'G16.500.750.775.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.450', 'N06.230.520'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Trypanosoma cruzi: inhibition of host cell uptake of infective bloodstream forms by alpha-2-macroglobulin.
|
The infection of murine macrophages and fibroblasts by recently isolated infective bloodstream trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi is inhibited by the addition of human plasma protease inhibitor alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) or of soybean trypsin inhibitor. The ingestion of the non-infective epimastigotes by macrophages is not affected by the physiological protease inhibitor. Incubation of bloodstream trypomastigotes for 20 h in a serum-free axenic medium enhances their ability to infect macrophages in a process influenced by the temperature and sensitive to alpha 2M. After this period the infectivity of the parasites to cells was not sensitive to alpha 2M. These observations suggest that proteases located on the surface and/or secreted by the bloodstream trypomastigote form of T. cruzi may modulate its ability to infect host cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chagas Disease', 'Endocytosis', 'Fibroblasts', 'Macrophages', 'Temperature', 'Trypanosoma cruzi', 'alpha-Macroglobulins']
| 2,424,187
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['C01.610.752.300.900.200', 'C01.920.625'], ['G04.417'], ['A11.329.228'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['B01.268.475.868.887.140'], ['D12.776.124.050.080', 'D12.776.124.790.106.100', 'D12.776.124.790.720.100', 'D12.776.377.715.085.100', 'D12.776.377.715.647.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Accuracy of fetal pulse oximetry.
|
BACKGROUND: The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the agreement of fetal pulse oximetry to saturation readings from hemoximetry at low oxygen saturation.METHODS: Fetal oxygen saturation measurements obtained by pulse oximetry were compared with those obtained by hemoximetry in fetal scalp blood samplings. The prospective observational trial included fetuses with non-reassuring fetal heart rate tracings suggestive of hypoxia and requiring fetal scalp blood samplings. Arterial oxygen saturation was determined by a blinded pulse oximeter (N400, FS14; Nellcor Puritan Bennett, Pleasanton, CA, USA) and continuously stored on a notebook computer. Saturation from fetal scalp blood samples was measured by hemoximetry (Bayer Diagnostics 865; ABL 625, Radiometer). Data analysis focussed on the absolute and relative difference between hemoximetry and pulse oximetry of fetuses, showing the most distinct difference in neonatal outcome. Normal outcome was defined as spontaneous delivery and umbilical artery pH >or= 7.20 + Apgar 5 >or= 7 (n = 42). In contrast, a group of neonates with combined respiratory and metabolic acidemia at birth was defined by pH <or= 7.16 and an additional base excess <or= -9.4 mmol/l in the umbilical artery (n = 18).RESULTS: The correlation coefficient between hemoximetry and pulse oximetry measurements was r = 0.72; p = 0.002 in the acidemic group. The median of absolute differences in saturation was + 5.2% (95%CI 2.5-10.3) saturation. The absolute differences ranged from -21% to + 36% saturation. The median of relative differences amounted to 23% (95%CI 15.1-55.0). The relative differences ranged from -30% to + 217%. Observing the saturation distribution in the two groups (hemoximetry and pulse oximetry, respectively) presented a median hemoximetry pulse oximetry of 38% (42%) in the normal and 26% (39%) in the acidemic group. In this small group of cases, the correlation coefficient between pH and saturation from pulse oximetry in fetal scalp blood from the samplings was r = 0.19.CONCLUSION: Fetal pulse oximetry tends to overestimate arterial oxygen saturation compared with hemoximeter values.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Gas Analysis', 'Female', 'Fetal Blood', 'Fetal Monitoring', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Oximetry', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Prospective Studies']
| 12,027,815
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100', 'E01.370.386.700.100', 'E05.200.124.100.100'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['E01.370.378.230', 'E01.370.520.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100.600', 'E01.370.370.380.600', 'E01.370.386.700.100.600', 'E05.200.124.100.100.600'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with a transportable electrohydraulic lithotripter: experience with >300 patients.
|
OBJECTIVE: To review a multicentre experience of using a transportable lithotripter (STS-T, Medstone, Inc, Aliso Viejo, CA. USA) for treating patients with urolithiasis in all parts of the urinary tract.PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 326 patients with a total of 370 stones were treated as outpatients with the STS-T lithotripter. All patients received a single shock wave lithotripsy treatment and were followed after 4-6 weeks in the outpatient clinic, the primary endpoint being to determine the efficacy (as defined by the stone-free rate). Secondary objectives included establishing a database of patient demographic information, stone characteristics, stone location, procedural endpoints, and complication rates.RESULTS: In all there were 370 procedures, with a mean of 2394 shocks administered at an energy level of 24 kV. The mean treatment time was 51 min, excluding anaesthesia-induction time. The mean stone aggregate size was 8.2 mm; 62% of the stones were in the kidney while 38% were in various locations in the ureter. Of the treated stones, 90% had definite or probable evidence of fragmentation. The overall stone-free rate after one treatment with the STS-T was 52.8%. Of patients with residual fragments, most (61%) had fragments of <4 mm in aggregate diameter. The overall complication rate was 3.8%, the most common complication being postoperative pain.CONCLUSION: The Medstone STS-T lithotripter was an effective device for treating urolithiasis in all parts of the urinary tract. This system had a high margin of safety, as shown by the low complication rate. With no apparent sacrifice of efficacy compared to first-generation or fixed (not transportable) second-generation devices, the Medstone STS-T represents an important advance in the development of a truly transportable lithotripter.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Database Management Systems', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Kidney Calculi', 'Lithotripsy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ureteral Calculi', 'Urinary Calculi', 'Urination Disorders']
| 16,104,918
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['L01.224.068', 'L01.224.900.280', 'N04.452.515.110'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.600.500', 'C12.777.967.249.500', 'C12.777.967.500.503', 'C13.351.968.419.600.500', 'C13.351.968.967.249.500', 'C13.351.968.967.500.503', 'C23.300.175.850.550'], ['E02.600', 'E04.943.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C12.777.725.938.500', 'C12.777.967.374.500', 'C12.777.967.500.851', 'C13.351.968.725.938.500', 'C13.351.968.967.374.500', 'C13.351.968.967.500.851', 'C23.300.175.850.750'], ['C12.777.967.500', 'C13.351.968.967.500', 'C23.300.175.850'], ['C12.777.934', 'C13.351.968.934']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Urinary monitoring of saccharin and acesulfame-K as biomarkers of exposure to these additives.
|
A method was developed to determine the levels of two intense sweeteners, saccharin and acesulfame-K, in human urine. Measurement of these two analytes in urine allowed an assessment to be made of dietary exposure to the sweeteners using intake/excretion curves. This paper describes an intake/excretion study in which 22 volunteers consumed known amounts of saccharin and acesulfame-K at five different levels ranging between 1.4 and 70 mg of saccharin (0.7-30% of the ADI for a 60 kg person) and 2.2-102 mg of acesulfame-K (0.4-19% of the ADI for a 60 kg person). Urine collections were then carried out by the volunteers for 24 h after each dose. The data obtained from this study were used to construct intake/excretion curves for both sweeteners. To test the methodology developed, 188 volunteers aged between 3 and 74 years were asked to carry out a 24-h urine collection whilst keeping a 48-h food diary. Comparison of the intake data obtained using the biomarker approach with the questionnaire-based results was generally good, although discrepancies due to the format and assessment of the questionnaire data were noticed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Child', 'Diet', 'Diet Records', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Saccharin', 'Sweetening Agents', 'Thiazines']
| 10,560,576
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['N04.452.859.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.886.675.687', 'D03.383.129.708.089.708', 'D03.633.100.185.708'], ['D27.720.372.300.353.609', 'G07.203.300.514.500.400.700', 'J02.500.514.500.400.700'], ['D02.886.665', 'D03.383.855']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Changes in phospholipid composition in rat liver microsomes and mitochondria under chemical carcinogenesis].
|
Considerable change in phospholipid composition of microsomal and mitochondrial rat liver membranes under 3,4-benzpyrene-induced cancerogenesis is observed. The content of main phospholipid fractions (phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines) in rat liver microsomes increases at precancer stage and decreases during the tumour growth. On the contrary, the content of these phospholipids in mitochondrias decreases at precancer stage and increases at the period of vigerous tumour growth. The content of phosphatidylserines in rat liver microsomes sharply increases during the tumour growth, while in mitochondrias in decreases to an extremely low concentration beginning from early cancerogenesis stages. Lysophosphatides content in rat liver microsomes considerably increases under cancerogenesis. The noticeable amount of characteristic microsomal phospholipids, sphingomyelins, appears in rat liver mitochondrias under the growth of induced tumours. The peroxides of phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines appear in rat liver mitochondrias at later cancerogenesis stages, as compared with microsomes.
|
['Animals', 'Benzopyrenes', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Phosphatidylethanolamines', 'Phospholipids', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Rats', 'Sphingomyelins']
| 889,961
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.799.306', 'D04.615.799.306'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.461', 'A11.284.835.626.461'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.840'], ['D10.570.755'], ['C04.834'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D09.400.410.420.525.870', 'D10.390.470.675.870', 'D10.570.755.893', 'D10.570.877.360.612.870']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of a multi-modality life support system.
|
The purpose of this study was to describe the design and utilization of a multi-modality life support system (MMLSS), which is used to provide extracorporeal support for cases such as left heart bypass (LHB), extracorporeal life support (ECLS), veno-venous bypass, and hypothermic resuscitation. The design of the MMLSS consisted of a mobile cart outfitted with a centrifugal pump, heater cooler, an in-line blood gas monitor, oxygen blender/flow meter, and assorted safety devices (pressure sensors and level and bubble detectors). A single disposable circuit was used for all procedures and designed to be easily modifiable to support a variety of clinical scenarios, with and without the use of an oxygenator. The system was designed for rapid deployment throughout the hospital. From January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007, the MMLSS has been used in three LHB procedures (63 +/- 72 minutes), four adult ECLS cases (57.2 +/- 56.9 hours), four veno-venous bypasses (72 +/- 35 minutes), and one hypothermic resuscitation (182 minutes). The MMLSS was designed to be used in patients > 20 kg and could achieve flows in the range of 1-5.5 L. There were no complications associated with the device. The MMLSS is a versatile system that can be used throughout the hospital with a single disposable circuit, accommodating a diverse caseload in a safe and reproducible manner.
|
['Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Equipment Design', 'Extracorporeal Circulation', 'Heart Bypass, Left', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia, Induced']
| 19,192,756
|
[['E04.292.413'], ['E02.186'], ['E05.320'], ['E04.292'], ['E04.292.465'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.258.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[A case of pelvic paragonimiasis combined with myoma uteri and pelvic inflammatory disease].
|
Paragonimus westermani is a lung fluke of humans that is usually found in the lungs but may be found elsewhere in many unusual locations. A case of pelvic paragonimiasis was found incidentally by surgical intervention of inflammatory disease and myoma uteri. She was a 51-year-old Korean woman complaining of lower abdominal pain and intermittent vaginal spotting. Numerous Paragonimus ova were observed in the resected omentum in the pelvis after total abdominal hysterectomy. It is suggested that pelvic paragonimiasis may be one of causative agents of pelvic inflammatory disease.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Leiomyoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Paragonimiasis', 'Pelvic Inflammatory Disease', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 8,241,090
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['C04.557.450.590.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.610.335.865.741'], ['C01.635.500', 'C13.351.500.056.750'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of cyanide on the efflux of calcium from squid axons.
|
1. The average rate constant for loss of (45)Ca from an unpoisoned squid axon was 1.8 x 10(-3) min(-1), corresponding to an efflux of 0.2 p-mole/cm(2) sec.2. The Ca efflux from unpoisoned axons was reduced if external calcium was replaced with magnesium, or external sodium with lithium, choline or dextrose. Replacing both sodium and calcium reduced the efflux to about 40%.3. Cyanide caused little immediate change in Ca efflux but after 1(1/2)-2(1/2) hr the efflux increased to 5-15 times its normal value. The effect was rapidly reversed when cyanide was removed.4. The large Ca efflux into cyanide was reduced by a factor of three when external calcium was replaced with magnesium and by a further factor of about six when external sodium was replaced with lithium.5. The Ca efflux from both poisoned and unpoisoned axons had a Q(10) of 2-3, was not affected by ouabain and was greatly reduced by injecting ethyleneglycol bis (aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetra-acetic acid (EGTA).6. After injecting (45)Ca along the axis, the efflux of calcium reached its maximum much more rapidly in a cyanide-treated axon than in an unpoisoned axon.7. Pre-treatment with cyanide greatly increased the rate at which calcium was lost from axoplasm extruded into flattened dialysis bags. A similar effect was observed when cyanide was applied after extrusion.8. Replacing external sodium glutamate with potassium glutamate greatly reduced the loss of (45)Ca from intact axons poisoned with cyanide but had little effect on the loss from extruded axoplasm.9. The rate constant for loss of the Ca EGTA complex was about 3 x 10(-5) min(-1) for intact axons and 2 x 10(-2) min(-1) for extruded axoplasm.10. A possible explanation of the cyanide effect is that, after poisoning, calcium ions are released from a store and can then exchange at a higher rate with external sodium or calcium.11. The experiments suggest that part of the calcium efflux may be coupled to sodium entry.12. Theoretical equations for ;diffusion and chemical reaction in a cylinder' are described in the Appendix.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Isotopes', 'Cyanides', 'Cytoplasm', 'Dialysis', 'Ethers', 'Imides', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Kinetics', 'Mollusca', 'Sodium', 'Time Factors']
| 5,764,408
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['G03.143.310'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D01.268.552.100.500', 'D01.496.098', 'D01.552.539.288.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.291', 'D01.625.400.100'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['E05.196.353', 'G02.186'], ['D02.355'], ['D02.478'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.500.644'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Analysis of discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnoses in 188 cases].
|
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnoses in hospitals of different grades and with respect to duration of hospitalization.METHODS: A total of 188 autopsy cases collected from hospitals of different grades were retrospectively reviewed and the discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnoses were analyzed.RESULTS: The overall rate of misdiagnosis was 48.9% (92/188). The misdiagnosis rate in grade I hospitals (75.8%, 25/33) was significantly higher than that in grade III (39.6%, 38/96; chi(2) = 12.861, P = 0.000) and grade II hospitals (49.2%, 29/59; chi(2) = 6.179, P = 0.016 ). The misdiagnosis rate of patients beyond 24 hours of admission was lower than that admitted within 24 hours (chi(2) = 20.991, P = 0.000). The overall rate of missed diagnosis was 34.6% (65/188). The rate of missed diagnosis in grade I hospitals was remarkably higher than that of the grade III hospitals (chi(2) = 8.241, P = 0.006). There was no difference between grades I and III hospitals on the rate of missed diagnosis within 24 hours of admission, however, this rate was lower in grade III hospitals in comparing with that of grade I hospitals in patients admitted beyond 24 hours (chi(2) = 5.181, P = 0.047). The distribution of disease entities commonly encountered in patients of both misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis were heart problems, infections, arterial diseases and pulmonary embolism.CONCLUSIONS: The rate of discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnoses is relatively high. The misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis rate in grade I hospitals was significantly higher than that in grade III hospitals and was closely related with the duration of hospitalization. Autopsy study thus still remains an important measure in clinical audit.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aortic Aneurysm', 'Autopsy', 'Cause of Death', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Female', 'Hospitals, Community', 'Hospitals, General', 'Hospitals, Teaching', 'Humans', 'Infections', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocarditis', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 19,781,340
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.055.239', 'C14.907.109.139'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['N02.278.421.306'], ['N02.278.421.389'], ['N02.278.020.300', 'N02.278.421.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C14.280.238.625'], ['C08.381.746', 'C14.907.355.350.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Voltammetric determination of cefixime in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids.
|
Electroreduction and adsorption of cefixime was studied in phosphate buffer by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPCAdSV), and square-wave cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWCAdSV) at hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). These fully validated sensitive and reproducible cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedures were applied for the trace determination of the bulk drug in pharmaceutical formulations and in human urine. The optimal experimental parameters were as follows: accumulation potential=-0.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3M KCl), accumulation time=50s, frequency=140 Hz, pulse amplitude=0.07 V, and scan increment=10 mV in phosphate buffer (pH 2.6). The first peak current showed a linear dependence with the drug concentration over the range of 50 ng ml(-1) to 25.6 ìg ml(-1). The achieved limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 3.99 and 13.3 ng ml(-1) by SWCAdSV and 7.98 and 26.6 ng ml(-1) by DPCAdSV, respectively. The procedure was applied to assay the drug in tablets. Applicability was also tested in urine samples. Peak current was linear with the drug concentration in the range of 1 to 60 ìg ml(-1) of the urine, and minimum detectability was found to be 12.6 ng ml(-1) by SWCAdSV and 58.4 ng ml(-1) by DPCAdSV.
|
['Adsorption', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Cefixime', 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Electrodes', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Tablets']
| 20,678,464
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.190.190.115', 'D02.886.665.074.190.190.115', 'D03.633.100.300.249.190.190.115'], ['E05.301'], ['E07.305.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['D26.255.830']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Rapid genetic analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal signaling during hair regeneration.
|
Hair follicle morphogenesis, a complex process requiring interaction between epithelia-derived keratinocytes and the underlying mesenchyme, is an attractive model system to study organ development and tissue-specific signaling. Although hair follicle development is genetically tractable, fast and reproducible analysis of factors essential for this process remains a challenge. Here we describe a procedure to generate targeted overexpression or shRNA-mediated knockdown of factors using lentivirus in a tissue-specific manner. Using a modified version of a hair regeneration model, we can achieve robust gain- or loss-of-function analysis in primary mouse keratinocytes or dermal cells to facilitate study of epithelial-mesenchymal signaling pathways that lead to hair follicle morphogenesis. We describe how to isolate fresh primary mouse keratinocytes and dermal cells, which contain dermal papilla cells and their precursors, deliver lentivirus containing either shRNA or cDNA to one of the cell populations, and combine the cells to generate fully formed hair follicles on the backs of nude mice. This approach allows analysis of tissue-specific factors required to generate hair follicles within three weeks and provides a fast and convenient companion to existing genetic models.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Communication', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Hair Follicle', 'Keratinocytes', 'Mesoderm', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Regeneration', 'Signal Transduction', 'Skin']
| 23,486,463
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.085'], ['A11.436'], ['A10.272.497.500', 'A17.360.710', 'A17.815.250.500'], ['A11.409.500', 'A11.436.397'], ['A16.504.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['G16.762'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Conformational drug determinants of the sequence specificity of drug-stimulated topoisomerase II DNA cleavage.
|
To gain further knowledge of the molecular features of topoisomerase II inhibitors required for drug-receptor complex formation, we investigated the conformational drug determinants of the sequence specificities of drug-stimulated DNA cleavage by computer-aided molecular modeling techniques. DNA sequence specificities of bisantrene, genistein, piroxantrone and ellipticinium were determined by using simian virus 40 DNA and compared to those of mitoxantrone, 4-demethoxydaunorubicin, VM-26 and mAMSA. DNA cleavage intensity patterns of bisantrene and mAMSA were virtually identical in sequencing gels, although these drugs are of distinct chemical classes. Genistein and ellipticinium showed drug-specific DNA cleavage intensity patterns with no apparent similarity to other drugs or to each other. From 54 to 72 drug-stimulated sites were sequenced, and local base sequence specificities were established by statistical analyses. In complete agreement with mAMSA requirements, bisantrene required an adenine at position +1. Ellipticinium required a thymine and excluded a cytosine at position -1. Genistein was the only drug showing base requirements (thymines) at both positions -1 and +1. Piroxantrone (structurally related to mitoxantrone) required a pyrimidine at position -1. Since the common sequence specificity of bisantrene and mAMSA could not be simply explained by the nature of some chemical substituents, a comparative molecular modeling analysis of the drugs was carried out based on their steric and electronic attributes. Energy-minimized structures of mAMSA and bisantrene were very similar, since their planar aromatic domains and pendant side-chains overlapped to a very good approximation. In contrast, their most stable conformations were different from other drug structures. In particular, the planar system and pendant sugar moiety of doxorubicin, which also required an adenine but at position -1, was not superimposed to the corresponding moieties of mAMSA and bisantrene even when considering computer-generated conformations with higher energy contents. The most stable conformations of the other drugs studied revealed specific three-dimensional motifs. Therefore, since in a simple model of drug action each spatial region has a single chemical-pharmacological function, these results suggest that bisantrene and mAMSA share common steric and electronic features that may constitute a specific pharmacophore. We suggest that the molecular properties of this pharmacophore may be critical determinant of the +1 position specificity shown by mAMSA and bisantrene.
|
['Anthracenes', 'Anthraquinones', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Computer Graphics', 'DNA', 'DNA Topoisomerases, Type II', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Ellipticines', 'Genistein', 'Intercalating Agents', 'Isoflavones', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Pyrazoles', 'Receptors, Drug', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 8,308,885
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.117', 'D04.615.117'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.117.159', 'D02.806.100', 'D04.615.117.159'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['L01.224.108', 'L01.296.110'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D08.811.399.403.741'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D03.132.436.681.333', 'D03.633.100.473.144.249', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.333', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.333', 'D03.633.300.148.249'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.400.375', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.400.375'], ['D27.720.470.410.360'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.400', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['D12.776.827'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Predictors of anxiety among pregnant New Zealand women hospitalised for complications and a community comparison group.
|
OBJECTIVE: to investigate predictors of anxiety for women experiencing hospitalisation during pregnancy and a comparison group of pregnant women (with or without medical complications) in the community.DESIGN: correlational, cross-sectional observational questionnaire study.SETTING: regional antenatal inpatient unit and community-based settings in New Zealand in 2009 and 2010.PARTICIPANTS: 118 pregnant women in hospital and 114 pregnant women in community.MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS: women in hospital and community groups completed a battery of questionnaires on pregnancy and health history, life events, anxiety, optimism, coping, and relationship factors. Midwives caring for the women provided ratings of health status and psychological distress. Both groups of women had scores on state anxiety significantly above local norms; women in the hospital were significantly higher than those in the community on state anxiety and worry about their pregnancy. The groups did not differ on factors such as life events, optimism, and coping self-efficacy. Ratings of health and distress made by women and their midwives showed poor agreement. Predictors of acute anxiety differed across the groups: for hospitalised women, anxiety was predicted by their rating of their health and their dispositional optimism; for women in the community, anxiety was predicted by stressful life events, dispositional optimism, and coping self-efficacy.KEY CONCLUSIONS: many women hospitalised during pregnancy are extremely anxious, and those most vulnerable are those who are less optimistic and see their health as poor. Health care professionals may not be aware of how anxious women are, and women and their hospital caregivers had poor agreement on ratings of the woman?s health status.IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE: women hospitalised during pregnancy are at risk for high levels of anxiety. Midwives are well placed to help women by recognising their distress, supporting informed optimism, and guiding women toward realistic coping strategies and using existing social support networks. Research is needed on strategies for implementation and effectiveness of brief interventions to support women to manage anxiety and stress during pregnancy both in hospital and in the community.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Anxiety', 'Attitude to Health', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'New Zealand', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnant Women', 'Prenatal Care', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 25,987,104
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['M01.975.807'], ['E02.760.786', 'N02.421.143.620.704', 'N02.421.585.786'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A chemically induced rat model of hemolysis with disseminated thrombosis.
|
Although hemolytic anemia and thrombosis, which can be serious or even lethal, are often encountered in daily common practice, their pathogenesis has remained obscure, partially because of the absence of appropriate models. Here we present a unique chemically induced rat model of hemolytic anemia and disseminated thrombosis in which the organs developing infarction are comparable to those seen in humans. We exposed male and female Fischer F344 rats to two, three, or four daily doses of 2-butoxyethanol (BE) at 250 mg/kg body weight and examined for hemolysis and histopathological evidence of disseminated thrombosis on d 2, 3, 4, and 29. Time-course BErelated erythrocytic changes were statistically significant in both sexes. Evidence of thrombosis and infarction was seen mainly in females dosed more than once with widespread thrombotic crisis after two or three dosing, likely explicable by the more significant morphological changes in erythrocytes and hemolysis observed in this gender. We documented thrombosis and infarction in the heart, brain, lungs, eyes, and bones. Our model with its list of target organs similar to that observed in human diseases characterized by hemolysis and thrombosis [for example, thalassemia, sickle cell disease (SCD), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNF), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)] suggests that it can be an excellent tool to study the pathogenesis of such complications.
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Ethylene Glycols', 'Female', 'Hemolysis', 'Male', 'Organ Size', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Sex Factors', 'Spleen', 'Thrombosis']
| 12,665,664
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D02.033.455.250'], ['C23.550.403', 'G12.122.545'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Posterior fossa extraaxial cyst: diagnosis with metrizamide CT cisternography.
|
This study describes a new technique for the study of posterior fossa extraaxial cysts. Using metrizamide (Amipaque) CT cisternography, a rapid, simple, low morbidity method is now available which gives both anatomic and physiologic information that may obviate the need for pneumoencephalography and angiography. Two cases are reported; in a third the diagnosis was definitively excluded. By doing serial CT scans following the intrathecal introduction of metrizamide, data concerning the diffusion characteristics of these cysts as well as the accompanying hydrocephalus are obtained.
|
['Adult', 'Brain Diseases', 'Contrast Media', 'Cysts', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Iodobenzoates', 'Male', 'Metrizamide', 'Myelography', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 402,836
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.140'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['C04.182', 'C23.300.306'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E02.319.267.530.580'], ['D02.241.223.100.400', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.375'], ['D02.241.223.100.400.880.520', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.375.880.520', 'D09.408.051.545'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.505', 'E01.370.350.700.560.505', 'E01.370.376.537.750.505', 'E05.629.937.505'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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