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[Potential of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Berliner for controlling Aedes aegypti].
|
The importance of the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in the control of Aedes aegypti is presented. The use and potential of B. thuringiensis israelensis against the mosquito vector of dengue fever is described. Other aspects such as insect's resistance development against chemicals and advantages and constraints of using microbial control are discussed. Emphasis is given to the importance of the use of this bacterium in Brazil, which could contribute significantly to solving the mosquito problem without affecting the environment, humans and others invertebrate organisms in critical regions.
|
['Aedes', 'Animals', 'Bacillus thuringiensis', 'Brazil', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dengue', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Insect Vectors', 'Mosquito Control']
| 14,666,315
|
[['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.800', 'B03.353.500.100.218.800', 'B03.510.100.100.218.800', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.800', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.800'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C01.920.500.270', 'C01.925.081.270', 'C01.925.782.350.250.214', 'C01.925.782.417.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.500', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.425.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
From mice to humans: identification of commonly deregulated genes in mammary cancer via comparative SAGE studies.
|
Genetically engineered mouse mammary cancer models have been used over the years as systems to study human breast cancer. However, much controversy exists on the utility of such models as valid equivalents to the human cancer condition. To perform an interspecies gene expression comparative study in breast cancer we used a mouse model that most closely resembles human breast carcinogenesis. This system relies on the transplant of p53 null mouse mammary epithelial cells into the cleared mammary fat pads of syngeneic hosts. Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was used to obtain gene expression profiles of normal and tumor samples from this mouse mammary cancer model (>300,000 mouse mammary-specific tags). The resulting mouse data were compared with 25 of our human breast cancer SAGE libraries (>2.5 million human breast-specific tags). We observed significant similarities in the deregulation of specific genes and gene families when comparing mouse with human breast cancer SAGE data. A total of 72 transcripts were identified as commonly deregulated in both species. We observed a systematic and significant down-regulation in all of the tumors from both species of various cytokines, including CXCL1 (GRO1), LIF, interleukin 6, and CCL2. All of the mouse and most human mammary tumors also displayed decreased expression of genes known to inhibit cell proliferation, including NFKBIA (IKBalpha), GADD45B, and CDKN1A (p21); transcription-related genes such as CEBP, JUN, JUNB, and ELF1; and apoptosis-related transcripts such as IER3 and GADD34/PPP1R15A. Examples of overexpressed transcripts in tumors from both species include proliferation-related genes such as CCND1, CKS1B, and STMN1 (oncoprotein 18); and genes related to other functions such as SEPW1, SDFR1, DNCI2, and SP110. Importantly, abnormal expression of several of these genes has not been associated previously with breast cancer. The consistency of these observations was validated in independent mouse and human mammary cancer sets. This is the first interspecies comparison of mammary cancer gene expression profiles. The comparative analysis of mouse and human SAGE mammary cancer data validates this p53 null mouse tumor model as a useful system closely resembling human breast cancer development and progression. More importantly, these studies are allowing us to identify relevant biomarkers of potential use in human studies while leading to a better understanding of specific mechanisms of human breast carcinogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Division', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Chemokine CXCL1', 'Chemokines, CXC', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Interleukin-6', 'Leukemia Inhibitory Factor', 'Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Mice', 'NF-kappa B', 'Proteins']
| 15,520,179
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990.600', 'D23.125.300.110.990.600', 'D23.469.200.110.990.600', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.050', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.050', 'D12.776.624.664.700.049', 'D23.125.300.120.050', 'D23.469.200.120.050', 'D23.529.374.200.120.050'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120', 'D23.125.300.120', 'D23.469.200.120', 'D23.529.374.200.120'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.644.276.374.470', 'D12.776.467.374.470', 'D23.529.374.470'], ['C04.588.531.500', 'C04.619.590', 'E05.598.500.496.843'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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An investigation of enumeration and DNA partitioning in Bacillus subtilis L-form bacteria.
|
Cell numbers of two morphogenic forms of Bacillus subtilis (the cell-walled parental and the derived stable cell wall-deficient L-form) have been compared by two methods: DNA hybridization (i.e. deduced genome numbers) and viable cell counts (i.e. number of colony-forming units (cfu)). The DNA hybridization method was shown to be a reliable and reproducible method for estimating genome numbers. Comparison of different L-form populations showed that the two methods of enumeration gave different values, with the deduced genome numbers much higher (by several orders of magnitude) than cell numbers deduced from viable cell counts. In contrast, when a culture of the cell-walled form was enumerated, the discrepancy between the two methods was low (by a factor of about 6) The combination of a high number of L-form genomes detected by DNA hybridization and a relatively low number of cfu was thought to be a consequence of a diminished co-ordination between the DNA replication and cell division processes in L-form bacteria. This suggestion was further substantiated by assessing the stability of plasmid pPL608 in a transformed B. subtilis L-form cell line, where even in the presence of continued kanamycin selection, 25% of the population lost kanamycin resistance. The results are discussed with particular reference to cell division in cell wall-deficient, stable L-form bacteria.
|
['Bacillus subtilis', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'L Forms', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Plasmids', 'Transformation, Genetic']
| 8,002,476
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['B03.110.422', 'B05.110.422'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G05.728.865']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in myocardial metabolism induced by ethanol administration.
|
The utilization of ethyl alcohol in the myocardium and the reactions connected with its metabolism were investigated in rabbits which were given over a period of two months a 30% ethanol solution per os in a dosage of 1 g/kg body weight, and in a control group. Alcohol intoxication led to a reduction of the reserve of oxidized nicotinamide coenzymes, to an intensification of glycolytic processes, to slowed down utilization of substrates in the citric acid cycle and to an accumulation of less-oxidized metabolism products (dihydroxyacetone phosphate, lactate, pyruvate, malate, oxaloacetate, 2-oxoglutarate). A change was also observed in the myocardial microstructure. Metabolic changes are evidently one of the links of the pathogenetic mechanism of alcohol intoxication, which cause disorders in cardiac activity diagnosed as alcoholic myocardial dystrophy.
|
['Alcoholism', 'Animals', 'Ethanol', 'Humans', 'Mitochondria, Heart', 'Myocardium', 'Rabbits']
| 6,684,536
|
[['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.033.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627.603', 'A11.284.835.626.627.603'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Electrolytes of breast-cyst fluid.
|
We constructed an electrolyte balance sheet for 11 individual specimens and two pooled specimens of breast-cyst fluid. Na+ and K+ ranged in concentrations from those representative of extracellular fluids (147 and 9 mmol/L, respectively) to those of intracellular fluid or a high K+ secretion (23 and 168 mmol/L, respectively). Cl- concentrations ranged from 9 to 98 mmol/L (mean, 31), bicarbonate concentrations from 0 to 34 mmol/L (mean, 16). Ca2+ concentrations did not exceed 2.1 mmol/L. Total protein ranged from 14.7 to 35.8 gL. Fluid osmolality ranged from 249 to 300 mOsm/kg of water (mean, 280). The difference between measured cations and anions indicates an "anion gap" of 140 mmol/L, which must be carried by 46 mOsm/kg of water. We suggest that tricarboxylic acids of the Krebs cycle may account for the missing trivalent anions.
|
['Bicarbonates', 'Breast Diseases', 'Calcium', 'Chlorides', 'Cysts', 'Electrolytes', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Potassium', 'Sodium']
| 436,244
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Variation in Rural African Gut Microbiota Is Strongly Correlated with Colonization by Entamoeba and Subsistence.
|
The human gut microbiota is impacted by host nutrition and health status and therefore represents a potentially adaptive phenotype influenced by metabolic and immune constraints. Previous studies contrasting rural populations in developing countries to urban industrialized ones have shown that industrialization is strongly correlated with patterns in human gut microbiota; however, we know little about the relative contribution of factors such as climate, diet, medicine, hygiene practices, host genetics, and parasitism. Here, we focus on fine-scale comparisons of African rural populations in order to (i) contrast the gut microbiota of populations inhabiting similar environments but having different traditional subsistence modes and either shared or distinct genetic ancestry, and (ii) examine the relationship between gut parasites and bacterial communities. Characterizing the fecal microbiota of Pygmy hunter-gatherers as well as Bantu individuals from both farming and fishing populations in Southwest Cameroon, we found that the gut parasite Entamoeba is significantly correlated with microbiome composition and diversity. We show that across populations, colonization by this protozoa can be predicted with 79% accuracy based on the composition of an individual's gut microbiota, and that several of the taxa most important for distinguishing Entamoeba absence or presence are signature taxa for autoimmune disorders. We also found gut communities to vary significantly with subsistence mode, notably with some taxa previously shown to be enriched in other hunter-gatherers groups (in Tanzania and Peru) also discriminating hunter-gatherers from neighboring farming or fishing populations in Cameroon.
|
['African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Animals', 'Diet', 'Entamoeba', 'Feces', 'Fishes', 'Gastrointestinal Microbiome', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Phenotype', 'Rural Population', 'Tanzania']
| 26,619,199
|
[['M01.686.508.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['B01.046.500.100.700.335'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['G06.591.375', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.375', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.250'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.695'], ['N01.600.725'], ['Z01.058.290.120.840']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Caffeic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behaviour and neuroinflammation in mice.
|
Accumulating data links inflammation, oxidative stress and immune system in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorders. Sickness behaviour is a set of behavioural changes that develop during infection, eventually leading to decrease in mobility and depressed behaviour. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a depression-like state in animals that mimics sickness behaviour. Caffeic acid, a naturally occurring polyphenol, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was designed to explore the potential of caffeic acid against LPS-induced sickness behaviour in mice. Caffeic acid (30mg/kg) and imipramine (15mg/kg) were administered orally one hour prior to LPS (1.5mg/kg) challenge. Behavioural assessment was carried out between 1 and 2h and blood samples were collected at 3h post-LPS injection. Additionally, cytokines (brain and serum) and brain oxidative stress markers were estimated. LPS increased the systemic and brain cytokine levels, altered the anti-oxidant defence and produced key signs of sickness behaviour in animals. Caffeic acid treatment significantly reduced the LPS-induced changes, including reduced expression of inflammatory markers in serum and whole brain. Caffeic acid also exerted an anti-oxidant effect, which was evident from the decreased levels of oxidative stress markers in whole brain. Our data suggests that caffeic acid can prevent the neuroinflammation-induced acute and probably the long term neurodegenerative changes.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Brain', 'Caffeic Acids', 'Cytokines', 'Illness Behavior', 'Inflammation', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Oxidative Stress']
| 27,597,761
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['F01.145.113'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D02.241.223.200.054'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['F01.145.499'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Male clients of female commercial sex workers: HIV, STDs and risk behaviour.
|
Social stigma and taboo limit current understanding of sexual behaviours and epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in clients of commercial sex workers/prostitutes. We designed a study to determine risk behaviours and prevalence of STIs in a group of sexual health clinic attending male clients of female commercial sex workers (FCSWs) in Sydney, and to compare these characteristics with men who denied any commercial sexual contact. Eight hundred and ninety cases and 2670 controls were included. Clients of FCSWs were older, more likely to be married and of non-English speaking background than controls. Clients had more sexual partners but reported more condom usage than controls. Prevalence of STIs at presentation was lower in clients than controls but clients were more likely to report STIs in the past than controls. HIV prevalence was low in both groups.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Australia', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Risk-Taking', 'Sex Work', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases']
| 11,564,334
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F01.145.722'], ['F01.145.802.790', 'I01.880.735.679'], ['F01.145.802'], ['C01.221.812', 'C01.778', 'C12.294.668', 'C13.351.500.711', 'C23.550.291.531.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Native Italian speakers' perception and production of English vowels.
|
This study examined the production and perception of English vowels by highly experienced native Italian speakers of English. The subjects were selected on the basis of the age at which they arrived in Canada and began to learn English, and how much they continued to use Italian. Vowel production accuracy was assessed through an intelligibility test in which native English-speaking listeners attempted to identify vowels spoken by the native Italian subjects. Vowel perception was assessed using a categorial discrimination test. The later in life the native Italian subjects began to learn English, the less accurately they produced and perceived English vowels. Neither of two groups of early Italian/English bilinguals differed significantly from native speakers of English either for production or perception. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis of the speech learning model [Flege, in Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Theoretical and Methodological Issues (York, Timonium, MD, 1995)] that early bilinguals establish new categories for vowels found in the second language (L2). The significant correlation observed to exist between the measures of L2 vowel production and perception is consistent with another hypothesis of the speech learning model, viz., that the accuracy with which L2 vowels are produced is limited by how accurately they are perceived.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Middle Aged', 'Phonetics', 'Speech', 'Speech Perception', 'Speech Production Measurement']
| 10,573,909
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.559.598.518'], ['F01.145.209.908.677', 'G11.561.812', 'L01.559.423.676'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875'], ['E01.370.760']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Strain-specificity of antibody to haemagglutinin following inactivated A/port chalmers/1/73 vaccine in man: evidence for a paradoxical strain-specific antibody response.
|
An analysis was carried out of the anti-haemagglutinin antibody responses in adult human recipients of inactivated whole virus A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2) vaccine using single radial diffusion combined with antibody adsorption techniques to determine antibody specificity. Antibody was characterised as cross-reactive (i.e. directed against antigenic determinants of haemagglutinin which are common for viruses within the H3 subtype) or strain-specific. Strain-specific antibodies for the vaccine strain and also for A/Hong Kong/68(H3N2) virus were assayed. A high proportion of vaccinees developed antibody of the cross-reactive specificity. The titre and frequency of such antibody increased with vaccine dose (100 iu to 1600 iu per dose). Many individuals developed strain-specific in addition to cross-reactive antibodies. A notable finding was that in 70% of vaccinees who developed strain-specific antibody, this was a paradoxical response directed against the strain specific determinant of A/Hong Kong/68 virus (the first number of the H3 subtype). Only 30% developed strain-specific antibody to the haemagglutinin of the vaccine strain. The percentage of vaccinees developing strain-specific antibodies to the vaccine strain was not significantly increased by increasing the dose of vaccine to 1600 iu. A second dose of A/Port Chalmers/73 vaccine administered approximately one year after the first dose only slightly increased the percentage with A/Port Chalmers strain-specific antibody.
|
['Antibodies, Viral', 'Cross Reactions', 'Hemagglutinins, Viral', 'Humans', 'Immunization', 'Influenza A virus', 'Influenza Vaccines', 'Species Specificity', 'Time Factors']
| 604,109
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['G12.122.281'], ['D12.776.964.970.880.345', 'D23.050.327.461'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400'], ['D20.215.894.899.302'], ['G16.824'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Depletion of gentamicin and its major components from various tissues of turkeys.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine tissue depletion profiles for gentamicin and its 3 major components (C1, C1a, and C2) in turkeys.ANIMALS: Twenty 10-week-old male turkeys.PROCEDURE: birds were maintained as untreated controls. The remaining birds were treated with gentamicin sulfate at a dosage of 2 mg/kg, IM, once daily for 5 days. Treated birds were euthanatized 45, 60, 75, and 90 days (4 birds at each sample time) after the last dose of gentamicin was administered, and samples of muscle, liver, kidney, and skin and fat were collected. Control birds were euthanatized on day 45. Concentrations of the 3 major components of gentamicin were measured by means of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.RESULTS: Total gentamicin concentration (ie, sum of the concentrations of the 3 major components) was < 100 microg/kg for all muscle and skin and fat samples by day 45 and all liver samples by day 75. At all sample times, concentration of the gentamicin C1 component was higher than concentrations of the C1a and C2 components in all tissues.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that tissue depletion profiles of the 3 major components of gentamicin differ from each other. Withdrawal time, therefore, may depend on the ratio of the components in the pharmaceutical preparation used.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Gentamicins', 'Kidney', 'Kinetics', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Skin', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Turkeys']
| 14,596,459
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D09.408.051.374'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['A17.815'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.800', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Requirement for Fc effector mechanisms in the APOBEC3/Rfv3-dependent neutralizing antibody response.
|
Antiretroviral neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses are often evaluated in the absence of Fc-dependent immune effectors. In murine Friend retrovirus infection, Apobec3/Rfv3 promotes a potent polyclonal NAb response. Here, we show that the Apobec3/Rfv3-dependent NAb response correlated with virus-specific IgG2 titers and that the in vivo neutralization potency of Apobec3/Rfv3-resistant antisera was dependent on activating Fcã receptors but not complement. The data strengthen retroviral vaccine strategies aimed at eliciting NAbs that activate specific Fcã receptors.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Neutralizing', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Cytidine Deaminase', 'Friend murine leukemia virus', 'Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL']
| 25,589,647
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.244', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.244', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.244'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['D08.811.277.151.486.250'], ['B04.613.807.375.525.225', 'B04.820.650.375.525.225'], ['D12.644.541.500.697', 'D12.776.124.486.485.538.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.697', 'D12.776.124.790.651.538.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.660', 'D12.776.377.715.548.538.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.660'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Segregation of platelet aggregatory and procoagulant microdomains in thrombus formation: regulation by transient integrin activation.
|
OBJECTIVE: Platelets play a dual role in thrombosis by forming aggregates and stimulating coagulation. We investigated the commitment of platelets to these separate functions during collagen-induced thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo.METHODS AND RESULTS: High-resolution 2-photon fluorescence microscopy revealed that in thrombus formation under flow, fibrin(ogen)-binding platelets assembled into separate aggregates, whereas distinct patches of nonaggregated platelets exposed phosphatidylserine. The latter platelet population had inactivated alphaIIb beta3 integrins and displayed increased binding of coagulation factors. Coated platelets, expressing serotonin binding sites, were not identified as a separate population. Thrombin generation and coagulation favored the transformation to phosphatidylserine-exposing platelets with inactivated integrins and reduced adhesion. Prolonged tyrosine phosphorylation in vitro resulted in secondary downregulation of active alphaIIb beta3.CONCLUSIONS: These results lead to a new spatial model of thrombus formation, in which aggregated platelets ensure thrombus stability, whereas distinct patches of nonaggregated platelets effectuate procoagulant activity and generate thrombin and fibrin. Herein, the hemostatic activity of a developing thrombus is determined by the balance in formation of proaggregatory and procoagulant platelets. This balance is influenced by antiplatelet and anticoagulant medication.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Blood Platelets', 'Hemorheology', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex', 'Thrombosis']
| 17,761,939
|
[['B01.050'], ['G09.188.390.150'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['E05.830.250', 'G09.188.370', 'G09.330.380.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['D12.776.395.550.625.785', 'D12.776.543.550.625.785', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.460.700', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.784'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The broad distribution of GP2 in mucous glands and secretory products.
|
GP2, a GPI-anchored glycoprotein that is a useful marker for M cells of Peyer's patches, is functionally related to the uptake of pathogenic bacteria in the gut lumen. Our immunostaining throughout the whole body of mice detected a broader localization than previously found of GP2 in various mucous glands and secretory cells. In the oral cavity, the palatine gland and lingual gland intensely expressed GP2 with immunolabeling along the basolateral membrane of acini and in luminal secretions of ducts. Secretory portions of the duodenal gland as well as the pancreas were immunoreactive for GP2 in the digestive tract. Luminal contents in the small intestine contained aggregations of GP2-immunoreactive substances which mixed with bacteria. The bulbourethral gland of Cowper displayed the GP2 immunoreactivity among the male reproductive organs. The vaginal epithelium contained many GP2-immunoreactive goblet-like cells, the occurrence of which dramatically changed according to the estrous cycle. These findings show that GP2 is a popular secretory product released from mucous glands and secretory cells and may support defense mechanisms against pathogenic bacteria in the tubular organs open to the external milieu.
|
['Animals', 'Exocrine Glands', 'Female', 'GPI-Linked Proteins', 'Gastrointestinal Microbiome', 'Gene Expression', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Intracellular Space', 'Mice', 'Mucus', 'Protein Transport']
| 28,003,582
|
[['B01.050'], ['A10.336'], ['D12.776.395.550.448', 'D12.776.543.484.500', 'D12.776.543.550.418'], ['G06.591.375', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.375', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.250'], ['G05.297'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A10.082.750', 'A11.284.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A12.200.503'], ['G03.143.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Autogenous translational regulation of the Borna disease virus negative control factor X from polycistronic mRNA using host RNA helicases.
|
Borna disease virus (BDV) is a nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA virus that employs several unique strategies for gene expression. The shortest transcript of BDV, X/P mRNA, encodes at least three open reading frames (ORFs): upstream ORF (uORF), X, and P in the 5' to 3' direction. The X is a negative regulator of viral polymerase activity, while the P phosphoprotein is a necessary cofactor of the polymerase complex, suggesting that the translation of X is controlled rigorously, depending on viral replication. However, the translation mechanism used by the X/P polycistronic mRNA has not been determined in detail. Here we demonstrate that the X/P mRNA autogenously regulates the translation of X via interaction with host factors. Transient transfection of cDNA clones corresponding to the X/P mRNA revealed that the X ORF is translated predominantly by uORF-termination-coupled reinitiation, the efficiency of which is upregulated by expression of P. We found that P may enhance ribosomal reinitiation at the X ORF by inhibition of the interaction of the DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX21 with the 5' untranslated region of X/P mRNA, via interference with its phosphorylation. Our results not only demonstrate a unique translational control of viral regulatory protein, but also elucidate a previously unknown mechanism of regulation of polycistronic mRNA translation using RNA helicases.
|
['Borna disease virus', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Viral', 'Host-Pathogen Interactions', 'RNA Helicases', 'RNA, Viral', 'Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins']
| 19,893,625
|
[['B04.820.480.937.149.135'], ['G05.308.385'], ['G06.462', 'G16.527.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.720'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['D12.776.964.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sex differences in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affect extracellular volume in healthy subjects.
|
Several studies reported sex differences in aldosterone. It is unknown whether these differences are associated with differences in volume regulation. Therefore we studied both aldosterone and extracellular volume in men and women on different sodium intakes. In healthy normotensive men ( n = 18) and premenopausal women ( n = 18) we investigated plasma aldosterone, blood pressure, and extracellular volume (125I-iothalamate), during both low (target intake 50 mmol Na+/day) and high sodium intake (target intake 200 mmol Na+/day) in a crossover setup. Furthermore, we studied the adrenal response to angiotensin II infusion (0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 ng·kg-1·min-1 for 1 h) on both sodium intakes. Men had a significantly higher plasma aldosterone, extracellular volume, and systolic blood pressure than women during high sodium intake ( P < 0.05). During low sodium intake, extracellular volume and blood pressure were higher in men as well ( P < 0.05), whereas the difference in plasma aldosterone was no longer significant ( P = 0.252). The adrenal response to exogenous angiotensin II was significantly lower in men than in women on both sodium intakes. Constitutive sex differences in the regulation of aldosterone, characterized by a higher aldosterone and a lower adrenal response to exogenous angiotensin II infusion in men, are associated with a higher extracellular volume and blood pressure in men. These findings suggest that sex differences in the regulation of aldosterone contribute to differences in volume regulation between men and women.
|
['Adrenal Glands', 'Adult', 'Aldosterone', 'Angiotensin II', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Water', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Diet, Sodium-Restricted', 'Female', 'Fluid Shifts', 'Healthy Volunteers', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Random Allocation', 'Renin-Angiotensin System', 'Sex Factors', 'Sodium, Dietary', 'Water-Electrolyte Balance', 'Young Adult']
| 28,592,435
|
[['A06.300.071'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.062', 'D06.472.040.585.353.118'], ['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['A12.207.200'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['E02.642.249.290', 'G07.203.650.240.290'], ['G07.313'], ['M01.774.500', 'M01.955.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['G03.820', 'G09.330.380.813'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['D01.857.875'], ['G02.111.635.500', 'G03.615.500', 'G07.410.810.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A comparative study of serum ultrafiltrable, ionized, and total calcium in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with intermittent or no elevation in total calcium.
|
Measurement of serum ionized calcium has been shown to be more sensitive a method of diagnosing primary hyperparathyroidism than total calcium in patients with subtle or intermittent elevations of total calcium. The measurement of ionized calcium, however, is technically difficult. The measurement of serum ultrafiltrable calcium would circumvent technical difficulties because atomic absorption spectroscopy would be used to measure the calcium of a filtrate produced by passing serum through a filter which excludes protein-complexed calcium (Worthington ultrafree filter). The normal range for ultrafiltrable calcium (4.7 to 6.8 mg/dl) was determined in 138 patients by nonlinear least-squares analysis and chart review. The serum concentration of ultrafiltrable calcium correlated well with ionized calcium (r = 0.91). Previous studies have demonstrated no benefit in measuring ionized calcium, as opposed to total calcium, in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism unless there was subtle, intermittent, or no elevation of the total calcium. This comparative study of ultrafiltrable, ionized, and total calcium was, therefore, done in six patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who exhibited intermittent, minimal, or no elevations in serum total calcium. All six patients had symptoms referrable to hyperparathyroidism. All six underwent parathyroid surgery, and a parathyroid adenoma was found in each case. These six patients had a total of 24 concurrent preoperative determinations of ionized, ultrafiltrable, and total calcium levels. The total calcium value was elevated in only 9 of these 24 determinations (38%), ultrafiltrable calcium was elevated in 15 (63%), and ionized calcium was elevated in 23 (96%). The values of ionized calcium were elevated more frequently than both total calcium (p less than 0.0005) and ultrafiltrable calcium (p less than 0.025). The values for ultrafiltrable calcium were more frequently elevated than those for total calcium; this difference, however, was not significant. This study confirms our previous reports showing that ionized calcium is a more sensitive indicator of primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with intermittent or borderline elevation of the total calcium and extends those observations to show that ionized calcium is also a more sensitive indicator of primary hyperparathyroidism than ultrafiltrable calcium in this group of patients.
|
['Calcium', 'Hemofiltration', 'Humans', 'Hyperparathyroidism', 'Ions', 'Regression Analysis']
| 3,194,840
|
[['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E02.870.225', 'E04.292.471'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.642.355'], ['D01.248.497'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Glycomics for drug discovery: metabolic perturbation in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells induced by unnatural hexosamine mimics.
|
Inhibited: N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) derivatives with a fluorine atom at the C4 position (2-4) were synthesized, and their ability to inhibit cancer-cell growth was investigated. The administration of these 4F-GlcNAc derivatives to cells led to the unnatural sugar nucleotide 1. Furthermore, N-glycan profiles of cells were determined by using a glycoblotting-based enrichment analysis, which is suitable for high-throughput screenings for drug discovery.
|
['Acetylglucosamine', 'Androgens', 'Apoptosis', 'Carbohydrate Sequence', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Fluorine', 'Glycomics', 'Glycosylation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Prostatic Neoplasms']
| 22,345,046
|
[['D09.067.342.531.050'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G02.111.570.160', 'L01.453.245.667.160'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['D01.268.380.300'], ['H01.158.201.085.320', 'H01.158.273.180.350.150', 'H01.158.273.343.350.086', 'H01.181.122.508'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biomechanical and physical properties of lengthened bone in a canine model.
|
Reports on the mechanical and physical properties of lengthened bone after completion of the lengthening process remain scarce. Varied results of torsional testing of lengthened bone have been reported. Furthermore, torsional testing provides information on the shear properties of the tissue but does not reflect the elastic properties obtained from tensile, compressive, or bending tests. The present study evaluated the mechanical properties of lengthened bone at various time points, using a uniaxial tension test. Physical properties (density and ash weight) were determined as well. Results indicate that the tensile properties of the lengthened bone increase with time after the completion of lengthening, but they remain significantly weaker than controls (50%) even after 12 weeks. Density and ash weight measurements also increased with time, correlating with the increase in the tensile mechanical properties.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Bone Density', 'Bone Lengthening', 'Dogs', 'External Fixators', 'Radiography', 'Tensile Strength', 'Tibia', 'Time Factors', 'Torsion Abnormality']
| 8,070,201
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['G11.427.100'], ['E04.555.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E07.858.442.660.430', 'E07.858.690.725.430'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['G01.374.850'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C23.300.970']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction predicts severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 10-year follow-up study.
|
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the development of severe hypoglycemia (SH) in the presence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS From January 2001 to December 2002, a total of 894 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. A cardiovascular autonomic function test (AFT) was performed using the following heart rate variability parameters: expiration-to-inspiration ratio, response to Valsalva maneuver, and standing. From the results for each of the three tests (0 for normal, 1 for abnormal), a total AFT score of 1 was defined as early CAN, and an AFT score of ?2 was defined as definite CAN. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 9.5 years. The mean age was 54.5 ± 10.1 years, and the mean duration of diabetes was 8.9 ± 6.3 years. One hundred ninety-six patients (31.4%) showed an abnormal cardiovascular AFT score at baseline. Sixty-two patients (9.9%) experienced 77 episodes of SH (1.33 per 100 patient-years). The number of SH events increased as the CAN score increased (23 patients [5.4%] with normal score; 17 patients [17.2%] with early CAN; and 22 patients [22.7%] with definite CAN; P for trends < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that SH was associated with definite CAN (normal vs. definite CAN: hazard ratio 2.43 [95% CI 1.21-4.84]; P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Definite CAN was an independent prognostic factor for the development of SH in patients with type 2 diabetes.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Autonomic Nervous System', 'Cardiovascular System', 'Cohort Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Incidence', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Posture', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Factors', 'Valsalva Maneuver']
| 23,959,567
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A08.800.050'], ['A07'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.984'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.695'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.370.380.950', 'E01.370.386.700.950', 'G09.330.380.875', 'G09.772.910']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Spirometry results after treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis: comparison between patients with and without previous lung disease: a multicenter study.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare patients with and without previous lung disease, in terms of the spirometry results after they had been treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and cured, as well as to analyze risk factors related to functional severity.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted at four referral centers in Brazil. Patients were divided into two groups: those with a history of lung disease or smoking (LDS+ group); and those with no such history (LDS- group). Patients underwent spirometry (at least six months after being cured). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected.RESULTS: A total of 378 patients were included: 174 (46.1%) in the LDS+ group and 204 (53.9%) in the LDS- group. In the sample as a whole, 238 patients (62.7%) had spirometric changes. In the LDS+ group, there was a predominance of obstructive lung disease (in 33.3%), whereas restrictive lung disease predominated in the LDS- group (in 24.7%). Radiological changes were less common in the LDS- group than in the LDS+ group (p < 0.01), as were functional changes (p < 0.05). However, of the 140 (79.1%) LDS- group patients with a normal or minimally altered chest X-ray, 76 (54%) had functional changes (p < 0.01). The risk factors associated with functional severity in the LDS- group were degree of dyspnea (p = 0.03) and moderate or severe radiological changes (p = 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Impaired pulmonary function is common after treatment for PTB, regardless of the history of lung disease or smoking. Spirometry should be suggested for patients who develop moderate/severe dyspnea or relevant radiological changes after treatment for PTB.
|
['Antitubercular Agents', 'Brazil', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Lung Diseases', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Smoking', 'Spirometry', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 32,130,330
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['C08.381'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F01.145.805'], ['E01.370.386.700.750'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Bilingual medical students as interpreters--what are the benefits and risks?
|
AIMS: To identify the frequency of medical students interpreting in healthcare settings and to explore the issues related to the use of non-professional interpreters.METHODS: All 4th and 5th year University of Otago medical students were surveyed to identify bilingual medical students who have interpreted for patients. Students and key informants were interviewed and audiotaped.RESULTS: Of the 102 bilingual students identified, 59 interpreted for patients. We analysed 39 student interviews. Most reported a 'good' interpreting experience and thought student interpreting was 'a good idea', but some encountered 'bad' experiences. Stakeholders (professional interpreters, DHB policy staff, and clinicians who use interpreters) thought students should not interpret. Issues explored were: student comfort, clinician's choice, the interpreter's role, cultural competency, awareness, and provision of interpreting services.CONCLUSIONS: A considerable proportion of bilingual clinical medical students have interpreted for patients contrary to Capital and Coast District Health Board policy and professional interpreter recommendations. In conjunction with published literature and after consulting with interpreter trainers, we have developed a document which canvasses the issues involved and proposed practical guidelines, to better prepare healthcare professionals and non-professional interpreters for interpreting situations. More research is required to find out why clinicians are asking medical students and others to interpret rather than engaging professional interpreters.
|
['Communication Barriers', 'Humans', 'Multilingualism', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Risk Assessment', 'Students, Medical', 'Translating']
| 18,815,600
|
[['L01.143.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.559.423.452'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['M01.848.769.602'], ['L01.559.423.796']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Drug diffusion mechanism through pH-sensitive hydrophobic/polyelectrolyte hydrogel membranes.
|
Methylmethacrylate/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate cross-linked with divinylbenzene is a pH-sensitive hydrogel. We have studied the diffusion mechanisms of drugs with different water solubilities through this hydrogel. A water-soluble model drug (aminopyrine) was used to study the diffusion coefficient changes in different pHs. The results showed a water-content dependent diffusion for this pH-sensitive polycationic hydrogel. However, decreasing the solubility of the drug and increasing the hydrophobic character of the polymer by changing the pH caused a greater affinity (or partition coefficient) between the hydrogel and the drug. Aminopyrine diffusion was shown to follow the free-volume theory, suggesting the 'pore' type mechanism for water soluble drugs, while the 'partition' or 'solution-diffusion' mechanism better described the slow diffusion of water insoluble solutes through this pH-sensitive hydrogel. Comparing the swelling interface number for aminopyrine release through this pH-sensitive hydrogel showed a non-Fickian mechanism in the hydrated form of the hydrogel (pH 1.2), while Fickian in the dehydrated form (pH 7.4).
|
['Aminopyrine', 'Caffeine', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Diffusion', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Methylgalactosides', 'Methylmethacrylate', 'Solubility', 'Theobromine']
| 11,343,888
|
[['D03.383.129.539.850.077'], ['D03.132.960.175', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.175'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['G02.300'], ['D09.408.320.500', 'D09.408.514.455'], ['D02.241.081.069.800.550.450', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650.605.450', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650.605.450', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650.605.450'], ['G02.805'], ['D03.132.960.651', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.651']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A dose-ranging study of ranitidine and its effect on intragastric and intra-oesophageal acidity in subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
|
METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover study was designed to assess the effects of three regimens of ranitidine (150 mg b.d., 300 mg b.d. and 300 mg q.d.s.) and placebo on intra-oesophageal and intragastric pH in subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Twenty-six subjects were screened, and 9 were evaluable by the admission criteria. These 9 subjects received each of the regimens for 72 h, and a wash-out period of at least 48 h followed each dosing period. Standard meals and beverages were provided.RESULTS: With increasing doses of ranitidine, 24-h intragastric mean H+ and integrated H+ fell, and the percentage of the time the pH was equal to or greater than 4 (% time pH > or = 4) rose: the minimum effective dose for these effects was ranitidine 300 mg daily. With increasing doses of ranitidine there was also a progressive decline in mean 24-h intra-oesophageal H+ and integrated H+, and increasing % time pH > or = 4. The minimal effective dose was 300 mg daily for intra-oesophageal mean H+ and integrated H+, and 600 mg for % time pH > or = 4. The minimal effective dose to decrease the number of reflex episodes was 1200 mg ranitidine. For the daytime upright position, a dose effect of increasing ranitidine was also seen, with minimal effective ranitidine doses of 300 mg for a decrease in mean H+, and 1200 mg for % time pH > or = 4.CONCLUSION: If these higher doses of ranitidine are confirmed to be more effective than the standard 150 mg b.d. regimen for the treatment of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, then the mechanism of this action probably relates to the lower exposure of the oesophageal mucosa to acid.
|
['Adult', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Esophagus', 'Female', 'Gastroesophageal Reflux', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Posture', 'Ranitidine', 'Stomach']
| 7,986,969
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E02.319.283'], ['A03.556.875.500'], ['C06.405.117.119.500.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.695'], ['D03.383.312.750'], ['A03.556.875.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Capillary electrophoretic determination of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine and its major metabolites in human urine: feasibility investigation using on-column detection of non-derivatized solutes in capillaries with minimal electroosmosis.
|
The capillary electrophoretic analysis of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine and some of its metabolites in human urine is reported using (i) on-column detection of underivatized solutes, (ii) minimal sample pretreatment and (iii) capillary columns with minimized electroosmosis. Experimental results obtained with two apparatus, the HPE-100 (Bio-Rad), featuring coated fused silica capillaries of 25 microns i.d., and with the Tachophor 2127 (LKB), having Teflon capillaries of 500 microns i.d. are discussed. Drug concentrations down to 0.2 mg/mL on capillary isotachophoresis and 0.03 mg/mL on capillary zone electrophoresis can be monitored with these instruments.
|
['Carbocysteine', 'Electrophoresis', 'Humans', 'Molecular Structure', 'Osmosis']
| 2,257,847
|
[['D02.886.030.230.310', 'D12.125.119.270', 'D12.125.166.230.310'], ['E05.196.401', 'E05.301.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G01.154.090.750', 'G02.111.655', 'G02.691', 'G02.723.495']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The clinico-instrumental characteristics of the lesions of the precerebral arteries in patients with atherosclerotic circulatory encephalopathy].
|
Results have been analysed of comprehensive evaluation of 175 patients with discirculatory encephalopathy of atherosclerotic genesis, consisting of inspection of the neck vessels projection, study of neurological status, ultrasonic investigation of the major brain arteries structure and hemodynamics, their angiographic features. At stage I discirculatory encephalopathy subjective complaints predominated, being caused by syndrome of thoracic outlet, steal syndrome, stenosing lesions of brachiocephalic arteries. Encountered more frequently in the middle-aged and elderly patients were affections of several major brain arteries. Specific weight of correlation between ultrasonic investigation and angiography in stenosing lesions of brachiocephalic arteries in patients with discirculatory encephalopathy constituted 84-100%. Therefore patients with discirculatory encephalopathy of atherosclerotic genesis require ultrasonic investigation of brachiocephalic arteries with the purpose of finding out exactly the pathological process and choosing the tactics of treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arteries', 'Brain', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Arteriosclerosis', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurologic Examination']
| 7,975,546
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.015.114'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.510.800', 'C14.907.137.126.372', 'C14.907.253.560.350'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.376.550', 'E01.370.600.550']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Treatment with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma alters the activation of SER/THR protein kinases and the metabolic response to IGF-I in mouse c2c12 myogenic cells.
|
UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IFN-gamma on the activation of protein kinase B (PKB), p70(S6k), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p90( rsk ), and on IGF-I-stimulated glucose uptake and protein synthesis in mouse C2C12 myotubes. 100 nmol/l IGF-I stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes by 198.1% and 10 ng/ml TNF-alpha abolished this effect. Glucose uptake in cells differentiated in the presence of 10 ng/ml IFN-gamma increased by 167.2% but did not undergo significant further modification upon the addition of IGF-I. IGF-I increased the rate of protein synthesis by 249.8%. Neither TNF-alpha nor IFN-gamma influenced basal protein synthesis, but both cytokines prevented the IGF-I effect. 10 ng/ml IL-1beta did not modify either the basal or IGF-I-dependent glucose uptake and protein synthesis. With the exception of TNF-alpha causing an 18% decrease in the level of PKB protein, the cellular levels of PKB, p70(S6k), p42(MAPK), p44(MAPK) and p90( rsk ) were not affected by the cytokines. IGF-I caused the phosphorylation of PKB (an approximate 8-fold increase above the basal value after 40 min of IGF-I treatment), p42(MAPK) (a 2.81-fold increase after 50 min), and the activation of p70(S6k) and p90( rsk ), manifesting as gel mobility retardation. In cells differentiated in the presence of TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma, this IGF-I-mediated PKB and p70(S6k) phosphorylation was significantly diminished, and the increase in p42(MAPK) and p90( rsk ) phosphorylation was prevented. The basal p42(MAPK) phosphorylation in C2C12 cells treated with IFN-gamma was high and comparable with the activation of this kinase by IGF-I. Pretreatment of myogenic cells with IL-1beta did not modify the IGF-I-stimulated phosphorylation of PKB, p70(S6k), p42(MAPK) and p90( rsk ).IN CONCLUSION: i) TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, but not IL-1beta, if present in the extracellular environment during C2C12 myoblast differentiation, prevent the stimulatory action of IGF-I on protein synthesis. ii) TNF-alpha- and IFN-gamma-induced IGF-I resistance of protein synthesis could be associated with the decreased phosphorylation of PKB and p70(S6k). iii) The activation of glucose uptake in C2C12 myogenic cells treated with IFN-gamma is PKB independent. iv) The similar effects of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma on the signalling and action of IGF-I on protein synthesis in myogenic cells could suggest the involvement of both of these cytokines in protein loss in skeletal muscle.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Glucose', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Mice', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa', 'Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 19,685,010
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.500', 'D12.644.360.450.169.500', 'D12.776.476.450.169.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.750', 'D12.644.360.450.169.750', 'D12.776.476.450.169.750'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.862.249', 'D12.644.360.600.249', 'D12.776.476.600.249'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.862.500', 'D12.644.360.600.500', 'D12.776.476.600.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Daphnane diterpenoids with nitric oxide inhibitory activities and interactions with iNOS from the leaves of Trigonostemon thyrsoideus.
|
A phytochemical investigation to search for new nitric oxide (NO) inhibitors resulted in the isolation of seven previously undescribed daphnane diterpenoids, thyrsoidpenes A-G, from the leaves of Trigonostemon thyrsoideus. Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR spectroscopic data analysis and the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Thyrsoidpenes B-G feature rare polycyclic caged structures of daphnane diterpenoid orthoester. The NO inhibitory effects were examined and all of the compounds showed inhibitory activities toward LPS-induced NO production in murine microglial BV-2 cells. The possible mechanism of NO inhibition of some bioactive compounds was also investigated using molecular docking, which revealed the interactions of bioactive compounds with the iNOS protein.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Diterpenes', 'Euphorbiaceae', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Mice', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Plant Leaves']
| 29,289,737
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D02.455.849.291'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.438'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.500', 'D12.776.157.687.575', 'D12.776.660.720.575'], ['A18.024.812']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epidermal growth factor receptor gene polymorphisms predict pelvic recurrence in patients with rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation.
|
An association between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway and response of cancer cells to ionizing radiation has been reported. Recently, a polymorphic variant in the EGFR gene that leads to an arginine-to-lysine substitution in the extracellular domain at codon 497 within subdomain IV of EGFR has been identified. The variant EGFR (HER-1 497K) may lead to attenuation in ligand binding, growth stimulation, tyrosine kinase activation, and induction of proto-oncogenes myc, fos, and jun. A (CA)(n) repeat polymorphism in intron 1 of the EGFR gene that alters EGFR expression in vitro and in vivo has also been described. In the current pilot study, we assessed both polymorphisms in 59 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy using PCR-RFLP and a 5'-end [gamma-(33)P]ATP-labeled PCR protocol. We tested whether either polymorphism alone or in combination can be associated with local recurrence in the setting of chemoradiation treatment. We found that patients with HER-1 497 Arg/Arg genotype or lower number of CA repeats (both alleles <20) tended to have a higher risk of local recurrence (P = 0.24 and 0.31, respectively). Combined analysis showed the highest risk for local recurrence was seen in patients who possessed both a HER-1 497 Arg allele and <20 CA repeats (P = 0.05, log-rank test). Our data suggest that the HER-1 R497K and EGFR intron 1 (CA)(n) repeat polymorphisms may be potential indicators of radiosensitivity in patients with rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoadjuvant Therapy', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Pilot Projects', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid']
| 15,701,846
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D12.776.419.500'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.186.450'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.708', 'G05.360.080.708']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Optimal acquisition schemes in high angular resolution diffusion weighted imaging.
|
The recent challenge in diffusion imaging is to find acquisition schemes and analysis approaches that can represent non-gaussian diffusion profiles in a clinically feasible measurement time. In this work we investigate the effect of b-value and the number of gradient vector directions on Q-ball imaging and the Diffusion Orientation Transform (DOT) in a structured way using computational simulations, hardware crossing-fiber diffusion phantoms, and in-vivo brain scans. We observe that DOT is more robust to noise and independent of the b-value and number of gradients, whereas Q-ball dramatically improves the results for higher b-values and number of gradients and at recovering larger angles of crossing. We also show that Laplace-Beltrami regularization has wide applicability and generally improves the properties of DOT. Knowledge of optimal acquisition schemes for HARDI can improve the utility of diffusion weighted MR imaging in the clinical setting for the diagnosis of white matter diseases and presurgical planning.
|
['Algorithms', 'Brain', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Information Storage and Retrieval', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 18,982,584
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['L01.313.500.750.280', 'L01.470'], ['A08.675.542.512', 'A11.671.501.512', 'A11.671.514'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Closure of a persistent ductus arteriosus of Botallo in two dogs using transarterial coil embolization].
|
Non-surgical occlusion of persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) by catheter guided coil embolisation was performed in two dogs. In both dogs the procedure was performed through the femoral artery. The exact location and the narrowest diameter of the PDA were evaluated angiographically after contrast medium injection into the ascending aorta. Based on shunt diameter measurements of 4 mm in dog no. 1 and 2.4 mm in dog no. 2, a coil of 8 mm diameter was chosen for dog no. 1, and of 5 mm diameter for dog no. 2. The coils were placed within the shunt vessel under fluoroscopic guidance using the Cook delivery-system for detachable PDA coil. The success of the intervention was documented angiographically 10 minutes after coil release. The shunt vessel was completely occluded in dog no. 1, while minimal blood flow was detected in dog no. 2 at that time. The technique of transvascular PDA closure compares favorably with the traditional surgical technique due to minimal invasiveness and hence excellent postinterventional comfort to the patient.
|
['Angiography', 'Animals', 'Catheterization, Peripheral', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Ductus Arteriosus, Patent', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Female', 'Femoral Artery', 'Male']
| 10,228,398
|
[['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['B01.050'], ['E02.148.224', 'E04.100.814.529.937', 'E04.502.382.937', 'E05.157.375'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['C14.240.400.340', 'C14.280.400.340', 'C16.131.240.400.340'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['A07.015.114.351']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Humor: no geriatric nurse should be without it.
|
Humor is an approach caregivers can use to assist the elderly in facing some of the disappointments of old age. The ability to laugh at oneself, at others, and at situations stimulates trust, commitment, and a positive sense of working together that is therapeutic to both staff and patients. Humor offers a tool for patients, families, and staff who deal with the elderly for stress management, coping, and to facilitate implementation of the nursing process. When humor is used it is important for the nurse to bear in mind that for patients who are cognitively impaired attempts at humor may be misunderstood. Sarcastic humor or humor that does not show respect for individuals should never be used. It is essential that when humor is used a careful assessment for appropriateness be made of the situation. An evaluation must also be made of the effect of the humor on the other persons in the interaction so a positive interpersonal relationship is facilitated.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Aged', 'Communication', 'Geriatric Nursing', 'Humans', 'Nurse-Patient Relations', 'Wit and Humor as Topic']
| 1,327,992
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['H02.478.676.236', 'N02.421.533.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401.650.600', 'N05.300.660.560'], ['F01.100.960', 'K01.517.946']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mammography facilities serving vulnerable women have longer follow-up times.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate mammography facilities' follow-up times, population vulnerability, system-based processes, and association with cancer stage at diagnosis.DATA SOURCES: Prospectively collected from San Francisco Mammography Registry (SFMR) 2005-2011, California Cancer Registry 2005-2012, SFMR facility survey 2012.STUDY DESIGN: We examined time to biopsy for 17 750 abnormal mammogram results (BI-RADS 4/5), categorizing eight facilities as short or long follow-up based on proportion of mammograms with biopsy at 30 days. We examined facility population vulnerability (race/ethnicity, language, education), and system processes. Among women with a cancer diagnosis, we modeled odds of advanced-stage (?IIb) cancer diagnosis by facility follow-up group.DATA EXTRACTION METHODS: Merged SFMR, Cancer Registry and facility survey data.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Facilities (N = 4) with short follow-up completed biopsies by 30 days for 82% of mammograms compared with 62% for facilities with long follow-up (N = 4) (P < 0.0001). All facilities serving high proportions of vulnerable women were long follow-up facilities. The long follow-up facilities had fewer radiologists, longer biopsy appointment wait times, and less communication directly with women. Having the index abnormal mammogram at a long follow-up facility was associated with higher adjusted odds of advanced-stage cancer (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.10-1.91).CONCLUSIONS: Providing mammography facilities serving vulnerable women with appropriate resources may decrease disparities in abnormal mammogram follow-up and cancer diagnosis stage.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Delayed Diagnosis', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Female', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Humans', 'Mammography', 'Minority Groups', 'Prospective Studies', 'Registries', 'San Francisco', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Time Factors', 'Vulnerable Populations']
| 30,394,526
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E01.110', 'E02.760.273', 'N02.421.585.273'], ['E01.390.500'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['I01.880.853.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200.700', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200.700', 'Z01.433.875'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.965']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Team management training using crisis resource management results in perceived benefits by healthcare workers.
|
BACKGROUND: Systems failures and ineffective teamwork can lead to serious errors in practice. Crisis Resource Management (CRM) teaches leadership, effective communication skills, and improved team performance. The impact of CRM taught in a simulation laboratory was evaluated.METHODS: A mail survey was used to examine perceived benefits and application of CRM principles when encountering practice and everyday life crisis situations. All participants completing the course since its inception who could be located received the survey.RESULTS: Fifty-three of 149 participants (35%) responded to the survey. Eighty-three percent had managed a crisis since the course and 68% indicated better practice performance during emergencies. Thirty-eight percent applied CRM to personal crisis experiences.CONCLUSIONS: Findings support that CRM training leads to perceived improvements in performance during critical events.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Causality', 'Communication', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Emergencies', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Inservice Training', 'Interprofessional Relations', 'Leadership', 'Male', 'Medical Errors', 'Nursing Education Research', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Patient Care Team', 'Pennsylvania', 'Professional Competence', 'Program Evaluation', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Systems Analysis', 'Videotape Recording']
| 17,907,666
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['N05.715.350.200', 'N06.850.490.625'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C23.550.291.781', 'N06.230.100.083', 'N06.850.376'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.574'], ['F01.829.401.205'], ['F01.752.609'], ['N02.421.450'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.413', 'H02.478.395.413', 'I02.358.462.612', 'N04.590.233.508.613.413'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['N04.590.715'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.550'], ['I02.399.630'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['L01.906'], ['J01.897.280.500.846.734', 'J01.897.280.500.898.840', 'L01.178.590.875.840', 'L01.178.820.090.846.734', 'L01.178.820.090.898.840', 'L01.280.940.840', 'L01.280.960.880']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The overwet phenomenon: an optical, micromorphological study of surface moisture in the acid-conditioned, resin-dentin interface.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the morphological effect of different degrees of surface wetness on "wet bonding" upon the acid-conditioned, resin-dentin interface using an acetone-containing adhesive system (All-Bond 2).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dentin surfaces were conditioned with 10% phosphoric acid (20 seconds), washed and air dried (3 seconds) or blot dried.RESULTS: The surfaces were characterized by the formation of an intact layer of resin impregnated dentin. Dentin tubules were sealed with solid cores of primers commonly below which were intratubular primer globules. Excess moisture on the dentin surface resulted in the creation of blister-like spaces at the primer-dentin interface. A layer of resin-impregnated intertubular dentin was present and below such spaces were incompletely sealed tubules. Primer globules were also observed on the dentin surface. The presence of microscopic voids at the primer-dentin interface may offer a morphological explanation for the published decrease in bond strength when this system was applied in the presence of excessive surface moisture.
|
['Acid Etching, Dental', 'Composite Resins', 'Dental Bonding', 'Dentin', 'Dentin-Bonding Agents', 'Humans', 'Methacrylates', 'Surface Properties', 'Water']
| 9,002,816
|
[['E06.931.475.111'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.095'], ['A14.549.167.900.280'], ['D25.339.291.300', 'J01.637.051.339.291.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.081.069.600'], ['G02.860'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Trust, trolleys and social dilemmas: A replication study.
|
The present manuscript addresses how perceived trustworthiness of cooperative partners in a social dilemma context is influenced by the moral judgments those partners make on Trolley-type moral dilemmas; an issue recently investigated by Everett, Pizarro, and Crockett (2016). The present research comprises 2 studies that were conducted independently, simultaneously with, and incognizant of the Everett studies. Whereas the present studies aimed at investigating the same research hypothesis, a different and more elaborate methodology was used, as such providing a conceptual replication opportunity and extension to the Everett et al.STUDIES: Overall, the present studies clearly confirmed the main finding of Everett et al., that deontologists are more trusted than consequentialists in social dilemma games. Study 1 replicates Everett et al.'s effect in the context of trust games. Study 2 generalizes the effect to public goods games, thus demonstrating that it is not specific to the type of social dilemma game used in Everett et al. Finally, both studies build on these results by demonstrating that the increased trust in deontologists may sometimes, but not always, be warranted: deontologists displayed increased cooperation rates but only in the public goods game and not in trust games. (PsycINFO Database Record
|
['Cooperative Behavior', 'Game Theory', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Judgment', 'Morals', 'Trust']
| 28,301,177
|
[['F01.145.813.115'], ['G17.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F02.463.785.626'], ['F01.829.500', 'K01.752.566'], ['F01.829.401.825']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The study on biomass fraction estimate methodology of municipal solid waste incinerator in Korea.
|
UNLABELLED: In Korea, the amount of greenhouse gases released due to waste materials was 14,800,000 t CO2eq in 2012, which increased from 5,000,000 t CO2eq in 2010. This included the amount released due to incineration, which has gradually increased since 2010. Incineration was found to be the biggest contributor to greenhouse gases, with 7,400,000 t CO2eq released in 2012. Therefore, with regards to the trading of greenhouse gases emissions initiated in 2015 and the writing of the national inventory report, it is important to increase the reliability of the measurements related to the incineration of waste materials. This research explored methods for estimating the biomass fraction at Korean MSW incinerator facilities and compared the biomass fractions obtained with the different biomass fraction estimation methods. The biomass fraction was estimated by the method using default values of fossil carbon fraction suggested by IPCC, the method using the solid waste composition, and the method using incinerator flue gas. The highest biomass fractions in Korean municipal solid waste incinerator facilities were estimated by the IPCC Default method, followed by the MSW analysis method and the Flue gas analysis method. Therefore, the difference in the biomass fraction estimate was the greatest between the IPCC Default and the Flue gas analysis methods. The difference between the MSW analysis and the flue gas analysis methods was smaller than the difference with IPCC Default method. This suggested that the use of the IPCC default method cannot reflect the characteristics of Korean waste incinerator facilities and Korean MSW.IMPLICATIONS: Incineration is one of most effective methods for disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW). This paper investigates the applicability of using biomass content to estimate the amount of CO2 released, and compares the biomass contents determined by different methods in order to establish a method for estimating biomass in the MSW incinerator facilities of Korea. After analyzing the biomass contents of the collected solid waste samples and the flue gas samples, the results were compared with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method, and it seems that to calculate the biomass fraction it is better to use the flue gas analysis method than the IPCC method. It is valuable to design and operate a real new incineration power plant, especially for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Biomass', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Gases', 'Incineration', 'Republic of Korea', 'Solid Waste']
| 27,191,178
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D01.362'], ['N06.850.860.510.900.600.500'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['D20.944.730', 'N06.850.460.710.730']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The protective role of symmetric stem cell division on the accumulation of heritable damage.
|
Stem cell divisions are either asymmetric-in which one daughter cell remains a stem cell and one does not-or symmetric, in which both daughter cells adopt the same fate, either stem or non-stem. Recent studies show that in many tissues operating under homeostatic conditions stem cell division patterns are strongly biased toward the symmetric outcome, raising the question of whether symmetry confers some benefit. Here, we show that symmetry, via extinction of damaged stem-cell clones, reduces the lifetime risk of accumulating phenotypically silent heritable damage (mutations or aberrant epigenetic changes) in individual stem cells. This effect is greatest in rapidly cycling tissues subject to accelerating rates of damage accumulation over time, a scenario that describes the progression of many cancers. A decrease in the rate of cellular damage accumulation may be an important factor favoring symmetric patterns of stem cell division.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Genes, APC', 'Genomic Instability', 'Intestine, Small', 'Mice', 'Models, Genetic', 'Mutation', 'Stem Cells']
| 25,121,484
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.050', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.050'], ['C23.550.362', 'G05.365.590.335', 'G05.370'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A11.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A biodynamic understanding of dietborne metal uptake by a freshwater invertebrate.
|
Aquatic organisms accumulate metals from dissolved and particulate phases. Dietborne metal uptake likely prevails in nature, but the physiological processes governing metal bioaccumulation from diet are not fully understood. We characterize dietborne copper, cadmium, and nickel uptake by a freshwater gastropod (Lymnaea stagnalis) both in terms of biodynamics and membrane transport characteristics. We use enriched stable isotopes to trace newly accumulated metals from diet, determine food ingestion rate (IR) and estimate metal assimilation efficiency (AE). Upon 18-h exposure, dietborne metal influx was linear over a range encompassing most environmental concentrations. Dietary metal uptake rate constants (k(uf)) ranged from 0.104 to 0.162 g g(-1) day(-1), and appeared to be an expression of transmembrane transport characteristics. Although k(uf) values were 1000-times lower than uptake rate constants from solution, biodynamic modeling showed that diet is the major Cd, Cu, and Ni source in nature. AE varied slightly among metals and exposure concentrations (84-95%). Suppression of Cd and Cu influxes upon exposure to extreme concentrations coincided with a 10-fold decrease in food IR, suggesting that feeding inhibition could act as an end point for dietary metal toxicity in L. stagnalis.
|
['Animals', 'Fresh Water', 'Invertebrates', 'Metals']
| 18,441,838
|
[['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.280', 'N06.230.232'], ['B01.050.500'], ['D01.552']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Translational Repression Protects Human Keratinocytes from UVB-Induced Apoptosis through a Discordant eIF2 Kinase Stress Response.
|
This study delineates the mechanisms by which UVB regulates protein synthesis in human keratinocytes and the importance of translational control in cell survival. Translation initiation is regulated by phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2-P) that causes decreased global protein synthesis coincident with enhanced translation of selected stress-related transcripts, such as activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). ATF4 is a transcriptional activator of the integrated stress response (ISR) that has cytoprotective functions as well as apoptotic signals through the downstream transcriptional regulator C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP; GADD153/DDIT3). We determined that UVB irradiation is a potent inducer of eIF2-P in keratinocytes, leading to decreased levels of translation initiation. However, expression of ATF4 or CHOP was not induced by UVB as compared with traditional ISR activators. The rationale for this discordant response is that ATF4 mRNA is reduced by UVB, and despite its ability to be preferentially translated, there are diminished levels of available transcript. Forced expression of ATF4 and CHOP protein before UVB irradiation significantly enhanced apoptosis, suggesting that this portion of the ISR is deleterious in keratinocytes following UVB. Inhibition of eIF2-P and translational control reduced viability following UVB that was alleviated by cycloheximide (CHX), indicating that translation repression through eIF2-P is central to keratinocyte survival.
|
['Activating Transcription Factor 4', 'Apoptosis', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Keratinocytes', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Transcription Factor CHOP', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Unfolded Protein Response', 'eIF-2 Kinase']
| 25,950,825
|
[['D12.776.260.108.061.937', 'D12.776.930.127.061.937'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['A11.409.500', 'A11.436.397'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['G07.775'], ['D12.776.260.108.124.875', 'D12.776.660.167.875', 'D12.776.930.127.124.875'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.962', 'G02.111.691.600.850', 'G03.734.871.790.600.850', 'G05.308.670.600.850'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.300', 'D12.644.360.275', 'D12.776.476.275']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Hip arthrography in the assessment of children with developmental dysplasia of the hip and Perthes' disease.
|
In our unit, children with developmental dysplasia of the hip or Perthes' disease, for whom an operation is considered, undergo examination under anaesthetic and a hip arthrogram. This prospective study assessed whether the arthrogram modified treatment and analysed the reliability of its interpretation. All children undergoing a hip arthrogram for developmental dysplasia of the hip and Perthes' disease over a 12-month period were included. Treatment plans before and after the arthrogram were compared for each of the three children's consultants. The preoperative and arthrographic appearances were blindly reviewed to monitor reproducibility. Twenty-one patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip and 19 with Perthes' disease were included. The treatment plan was modified in 12 of the 21 (57.1%) patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip as a consequence of the arthrogram and six of the 19 patients (31.6%) with Perthes' disease. Intraobserver consultant agreement was high but interobserver agreement was only moderate. Static and dynamic arthrography helps decision-making in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip and Perthes' disease.
|
['Anesthesia, General', 'Arthrography', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Hip Dislocation, Congenital', 'Hip Joint', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease', 'Male']
| 18,391,807
|
[['E03.155.197'], ['E01.370.350.700.070'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C05.660.297.500', 'C16.131.621.297.500', 'C16.131.621.449'], ['A02.835.583.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C05.116.852.175.570']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
New Author Guidelines for Displaying Data and Reporting Data Analysis and Statistical Methods in Experimental Biology.
|
The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics has revised the Instructions to Authors for Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Molecular Pharmacology These revisions relate to data analysis (including statistical analysis) and reporting but do not tell investigators how to design and perform their experiments. Their overall focus is on greater granularity in the description of what has been done and found. Key recommendations include the need to differentiate between preplanned, hypothesis-testing, and exploratory experiments or studies; explanations of whether key elements of study design, such as sample size and choice of specific statistical tests, had been specified before any data were obtained or adapted thereafter; and explanations of whether any outliers (data points or entire experiments) were eliminated and when the rules for doing so had been defined. Variability should be described by S.D. or interquartile range, and precision should be described by confidence intervals; S.E. should not be used. P values should be used sparingly; in most cases, reporting differences or ratios (effect sizes) with their confidence intervals will be preferred. Depiction of data in figures should provide as much granularity as possible, e.g., by replacing bar graphs with scatter plots wherever feasible and violin or box-and-whisker plots when not. This editorial explains the revisions and the underlying scientific rationale. We believe that these revised guidelines will lead to a less biased and more transparent reporting of research findings.
|
['Data Analysis', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Editorial Policies', 'Guidelines as Topic', 'Research Design']
| 31,882,568
|
[['H01.548.338'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['L01.737.484'], ['N04.761.700.350', 'N05.700.350'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Estimating the prevalence of mental and somatic disorders in the community: aims and methods of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey.
|
This paper outlines the principal aims and design of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey, mental health supplement (GHS-MHS), the first nationwide, epidemiological study of both somatic and mental health in Germany on a representative sample of 4,181 subjects in the community. Both the broader context of the study--in particular its methodological relation to the social and somatic core survey of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey (GHS-CS)--and the internal methodology of the mental health supplement (GHS-MHS) are presented. The study's strategies and method are derived from a consideration of important theoretical issues arising from epidemiological studies in the field of public health. The main instrument used to assess diagnoses of mental disorders was a standardized diagnostic interview for mental disorders (following DSM-IV (CIDI)) applied by clinically trained interviewers. This diagnostic interview was supplemented by modules on comorbidity, help seeking, treatment and impairment. Somatic health diagnoses were made using an integrated approach including self-report measures, a standardized clinical interview, and laboratory measures. Findings on sampling, response rate, weighting and sample characteristics are presented. Critical issues are discussed, including the scientific objectives that have been achieved by the study. Overall, the GHS core survey and its mental health supplement provide the mental health research community with complex data that allow for high-quality analysis of mental disorders and associations with somatic disorders.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Comorbidity', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Disabled Persons', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Interview, Psychological', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'National Health Programs', 'Population Surveillance', 'Prevalence', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Somatoform Disorders', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 12,459,800
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['M01.150'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.669.599'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N03.349.550'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['F03.875'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A model for the shared care of elderly patients with cancer.
|
A model of care for elderly patients with cancer is suggested that incorporates the concept of shared care by various disciplines but in particular the oncologist and primary care provider or geriatrician. Degrees of participation will vary over time, depending upon the needs of the patient and family.
|
['Aged', 'Geriatrics', 'Humans', 'Medical Oncology', 'Models, Organizational', 'Neoplasms', 'Patient Care Team', 'Primary Health Care']
| 20,122,034
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['H02.403.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.429.515'], ['E05.599.670', 'N04.452.534'], ['C04'], ['N04.590.715'], ['N04.590.233.727']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Abnormal magnetic resonance signal in the internal capsule predicts poor neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish whether abnormal signal intensity in the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) on magnetic resonance imaging is an accurate predictor of neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).METHODS: We have examined 73 term neonates with HIE between 1 and 17 days after birth with cranial magnetic resonance imaging and related the magnetic resonance imaging findings to neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age.RESULTS: All infants with an abnormal signal intensity in the PLIC developed neurodevelopmental impairment although in 4 infants with very early scans the abnormal signal was not apparent until up to 4 days after birth. A normal signal intensity was associated with a normal outcome in all but 4 cases; 3 of these infants had minor impairments and all had persistent imaging changes within the white matter. The 4th infant with a normal signal intensity on day 2 died before a further image could be obtained. The absence of normal signal predicted abnormal outcome in term infants with HIE with a sensitivity of 0.90, a specificity of 1.0, a positive predictive value of 1.0, and a negative predictive value of 0.87. The test correctly predicted outcome in 93% of infants with grade II HIE, according to the Sarnat system. Applying a Bayesian approach, the predictive probability of the test (the probability that the test would predict an outcome correctly) was distributed with a mean of 0.94 and 95% confidence limits of 0.89 to 1.0.CONCLUSION: Abnormal signal intensity in the PLIC is an accurate predictor of neurodevelopmental outcome in term infants suffering HIE.
|
['Basal Ganglia', 'Brain', 'Brain Damage, Chronic', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Dominance, Cerebral', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia, Brain', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Neurologic Examination', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Thalamus']
| 9,685,433
|
[['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.140'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F03.625.421'], ['F02.830.297', 'G11.561.225'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.624', 'C23.888.852.079.797'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.376.550', 'E01.370.600.550'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine(H-7), a potent inhibitor of protein kinases, inhibits the differentiation of HL-60 cells induced by phorbol diester.
|
Treatment of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60, with 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) results in the differentiation into macrophage-like cell. A potent inhibitor of protein kinase C, 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine(H-7), suppressed the proliferation of HL-60 cells and also inhibited TPA-induced cell differentiation of these cells. N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide(HA-1004), a weaker analog of H-7, failed to inhibit this TPA-induced cell differentiation. H-7 also inhibited TPA-induced protein phosphorylation in these cells. Thus, protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation may be involved in the process of TPA-induced HL-60 cell differentiation.
|
['1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Depression, Chemical', 'Humans', 'Isoquinolines', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Male', 'Phosphorylation', 'Piperazines', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Sulfonamides', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']
| 3,462,446
|
[['D02.886.590.700.545', 'D03.383.606.527', 'D03.633.100.531.400'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G07.690.773.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.531'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Silibinin suppresses TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer cells through inhibition of the MAPK pathway.
|
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines highly expressed in Helicobacter pylori that inhibits gastric acid secretion. In this study we determined the effect of silibinin on TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer cell lines. MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression was dose-dependently increased by TNF-alpha in SNU216 and SNU668 gastric cancer cells. On the other hand, TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 expression was dose-dependently suppressed by silibinin. To verify the regulatory mechanism of silibinin on TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 expression, the gastric cancer cell lines were pretreated with silibinin prior to TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 expression was inhibited by the MEK1/2 specific inhibitor, UO126. Finally, we investigated the effect of adenoviral constitutively active (CA)-MEK and CA-Akt on MMP-9 expression. The expression of MMP-9 was significantly increased by CA-MEK overexpression, but not by CA-Akt overexpression. Taken together, we suggest that silibinin down-regulates TNF-alpha- induced MMP-9 expression through inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway in gastric cancer cells.
|
['Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Silybin', 'Silymarin', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 19,924,065
|
[['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.350', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.350', 'D12.644.276.848.350', 'D12.776.467.836.350'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.268.777.500', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.268.777.500'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.268.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.268.777'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Reggio Emilia, Italy.
|
Incidence and mortality rates of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) vary between countries, and in some studies appear to increase over time. We performed a study to assess ALS incidence in a northern Italy area over a 10-year period. We identified the new cases of probable or definite ALS diagnosed among residents in Reggio Emilia province between 1996 and 2005 using several sources of data, such as death certificates, clinical records, hospital discharge registers and drug prescriptions. A total of 94 newly-diagnosed patients were identified. The average standardized incidence in the period was 2.0 and 1.0 cases/100,000/year, using the Italian and the world population, respectively, as reference. There was no variation in rates over time. Incidence was 1.3 in males and 0.8 in females. No cases were observed in patients under 35 years of age. Incidence increased after the age of 55 years, reaching a peak in the group aged 70-74 years and declining thereafter. We concluded that ALS incidence in this population was similar to that observed in other Italian regions and European countries, and no variation was identified during the study period.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis', 'Death Certificates', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors']
| 18,615,339
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.854.139', 'C10.574.562.250', 'C10.574.950.050', 'C10.668.467.250', 'C18.452.845.800.050'], ['E05.318.308.940.350', 'L01.399.250.900.350', 'N04.452.859.264', 'N05.715.360.300.715.315', 'N06.850.520.308.940.350'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Therapeutic strategies for idiopathic chylothorax.
|
STUDY OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to present our institutional experience of idiopathic chylothorax in children and to propose therapeutic strategies.DESIGN: This was a retrospective, single-center study.PATIENTS: Patients were 6 children (4 boys, 2 girls) presenting with an idiopathic chylothorax diagnosed from the presence of a chylous pleural effusion with triglycerides greater than 1.2 mmol/L and a cellularity greater than 1000 cells/mL with a predominance of lymphocytes.RESULTS: Median age of onset was 7 years (range, 2-14 years). Initial symptoms included cough (n = 4), tachypnea (n = 4), asthenia (n = 5), abdominal pain (n = 2), and bronchitis (n = 1). Chest radiography showed 2 left, 2 right, and 2 bilateral pleural effusions. Serum biology assessment was normal in all children. Respiratory function assessment at diagnosis revealed a decrease in functional residual capacity in 3 children and a decrease in lung diffusing capacity in 2 children. Initially, all patients received a medium-chain triglyceride diet for 29 months (range, 10-50 months). Total parenteral nutrition was required for 4 patients (for 1-4 months), and somatostatin was tried in one child. Two children required pleuroperitoneal shunting, bilateral in one case. During the follow-up (median duration, 6 years; range, 2-16 years), chylothorax stabilized in all patients and 5 patients were able to return to a normal diet.CONCLUSION: A medium-chain triglyceride diet associated in some cases with total parenteral nutrition may stabilize idiopathic chylothorax in children. In cases where conservative treatment has failed, pleuroperitoneal shunting may be useful.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chylothorax', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Diet, Fat-Restricted', 'Drainage', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Parenteral Nutrition', 'Pleural Effusion', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,358,282
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C08.528.142'], ['E02.186'], ['E02.642.249.260', 'G07.203.650.240.260'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.421.505', 'E02.642.500.505'], ['C08.528.652'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Involvement of unique leucine-zipper motif of PSD-Zip45 (Homer 1c/vesl-1L) in group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor clustering.
|
Several scaffold proteins for neurotransmitter receptors have been identified as candidates for receptor targeting. However, the molecular mechanism underlying such receptor clustering and targeting to postsynaptic specializations remains unknown. PSD-Zip45 (also named Homer 1c/vesl-1L) consists of the NH(2) terminus containing the enabled/VASP homology 1 domain and the COOH terminus containing the leucine zipper. Here, we demonstrate immunohistochemically that metabotropic glutamate receptor 1alpha (mGluR1alpha) and PSD-Zip45/Homer 1c are colocalized to synapses in the cerebellar molecular layer but not in the hippocampus. In cultured hippocampal neurons, PSD-Zip45/Homer1c and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors are preferentially colocalized to dendritic spines. Cotransfection of mGluR1alpha or mGluR5 and PSD-Zip45/Homer 1c into COS-7 cells results in mGluR clustering induced by PSD-Zip45/Homer 1c. An in vitro multimerization assay shows that the extreme COOH-terminal leucine zipper is involved in self-multimerization of PSD-Zip45/Homer 1c. A clustering assay of mGluRs in COS-7 cells also reveals a critical role of this leucine-zipper motif of PSD-Zip45/Homer 1c in mGluR clustering. These results suggest that the leucine zipper of subsynaptic scaffold protein is a candidate motif involved in neurotransmitter receptor clustering at the central synapse.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'COS Cells', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Homer Scaffolding Proteins', 'Leucine Zippers', 'Mice', 'Neuropeptides', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptor Aggregation', 'Receptors, Kainic Acid', 'Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate']
| 10,570,153
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D12.776.476.024.381'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G04.774'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.200', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.200', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.200', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.450', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Attitudes, knowledge, and proficiency in relation to organ donation: a questionnaire-based analysis in donor hospitals in northern Denmark.
|
The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and proficiency in relation to organ donation among staff members of intensive care units (ICUs) in donor hospitals, and possibly identify areas for improvement. The investigation was carried out as a collaboration between the transplant center and appointed key persons in all 17 ICUs in 15 hospitals in northern Denmark. A total of 1168 structured questionnaires were distributed to the health care professionals in the ICUs in the region; 689 were returned, giving a response rate of 59%. In general, there is a positive attitude among health care professionals toward organ donation. However, a considerable fraction of 11% declares to be against organ donation. Only 49% of the ICU health care professionals are willing to donate their own organs after death. By comparison, 74% of the general Danish population are willing to donate organs after death. Doctors are more positive toward organ donation than the nursing staff. Thus, 95% of the doctors are positive to organ donation compared to 81% of the nurses; 70% of the doctors will donate own organs after death compared to 45% of the nurses. Further, the survey demonstrates as expected a significant lack of experience in organ donation. Our data show a considerable need for more education and training, especially on how to inform and support the donor relatives and how to identify potential donors. The survey also discloses a substantial need for information regarding the results of transplantation.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Attitude to Health', 'Cadaver', 'Denmark', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Medical Staff, Hospital', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tissue Donors', 'Tissue and Organ Procurement']
| 16,298,563
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.630.490', 'M01.526.485.740.422', 'N02.360.630.490', 'N02.360.740.422'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.898'], ['N02.421.911']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Relationships between skin temperature and temporal summation of heat and cold pain.
|
Temporal summation of heat pain during repetitive stimulation is dependent on C nociceptor activation of central N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mechanisms. Moderate temporal summation is produced by sequential triangular ramps of stimulation that control skin temperature between heat pulses but do not elicit distinct first and second pain sensations. Dramatic summation of second pain is produced by repeated contact of the skin with a preheated thermode, but skin temperature between taps is not controlled by this procedure. Therefore relationships between recordings of skin temperature and psychophysical ratings of heat pain were evaluated during series of repeated skin contacts. Surface and subcutaneous recordings of skin temperatures revealed efficient thermoregulatory compensation for heat stimulation at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) ranging from 2 to 8 s. Temporal summation of heat pain was strongly influenced by the ISIs and cannot be explained by small increases in skin temperature between taps or by heat storage throughout a stimulus series. Repetitive brief contact with a precooled thermode was utilized to evaluate whether temporal summation of cold pain occurs, and if so, whether it is influenced by skin temperature. Surface and subcutaneous recordings of skin temperature revealed a sluggish thermoregulatory compensation for repetitive cold stimulation. In contrast to heat stimulation, skin temperature did not recover between cold stimuli throughout ISIs of 3-8 s. Psychophysically, repetitive cold stimulation produced an aching pain sensation that progressed gradually and radiated beyond the site of stimulation. The magnitude of aching pain was well related to skin temperature and thus appeared to be established primarily by peripheral factors.
|
['Adult', 'Cold Temperature', 'Female', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Psychophysics', 'Skin Temperature', 'Time Factors']
| 12,843,304
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E01.370.685', 'F04.096.753'], ['G07.110.753', 'G13.750.844'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pharmacologic study of paclitaxel administered with or without the cytoprotective agent amifostine, and given as a single agent or in combination with epirubicin and cisplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors.
|
The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether the coadministration of amifostine alters the pharmacokinetic behavior of paclitaxel. Eight patients were included in the study: six received paclitaxel in combination with epirubicin and cisplatin, and two received paclitaxel as a single agent. Doses of paclitaxel in these protocols were 135, 150, 175, and 200 mg/m(2) and two patients were treated at each dose level. Pharmacokinetic sampling for paclitaxel analysis was performed in each patient during two consecutive cycles, one with and one without amifostine (750 mg/m(2) as a 15-minute intravenous infusion 30 minutes before paclitaxel administration). At each dose level, the pharmacokinetic data of paclitaxel were compared per patient for a cycle without amifostine versus a cycle with amifostine. Amifostine did not seem to interact pharmacokinetically with paclitaxel, given either alone or in combination chemotherapy. This is in line with the clinical findings that amifostine has no negative effects on the antitumor activity of various antineoplastic agents. Also, amifostine may reduce toxic effects of combination chemotherapy regimens that include paclitaxel.
|
['Amifostine', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Cisplatin', 'Drug Interactions', 'Epirubicin', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Paclitaxel', 'Radiation-Protective Agents', 'Radiation-Sensitizing Agents']
| 11,474,273
|
[['D02.705.400.625.050', 'D02.705.539.345.050', 'D02.886.300.692.050'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175.200', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175.200', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['D27.505.696.706.776', 'D27.720.799.763'], ['D27.505.954.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[3H]WIN 35,428 binding to the dopamine uptake carrier. II. Effect of membrane fractionation procedure and freezing.
|
In the present study the dopamine transporter on rat striatal membranes was labeled with [3H]WIN 35,428 (2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-fluorophenyl)-tropane) and its binding state or form was compared between fresh and frozen tissue fractionated by various protocols. Freezing striatal tissue resulted in a decrease in binding to crude or P2 membranes, but did not consistently generate upward concave Scatchard plots. Among various conditions, sodium phosphate buffers containing sucrose, employed for homogenization and for measurement of binding to freshly prepared P2 membranes, were most likely to give multiple binding component resolutions. These results allow us to reconcile the existing literature on [3H]WIN 35,428 binding and to identify (1) the 'universal' binding component common to all studies thus far, (2) a high-affinity component measured with sufficiently low ligand concentration, and (3) a low-affinity component observed with sufficiently high ligand concentration.
|
['Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Chemical Fractionation', 'Cocaine', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Dopamine', 'Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Female', 'Freezing', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Membranes', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Tritium']
| 8,189,748
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157'], ['E05.196.155'], ['D02.145.074.722.388', 'D03.132.889.354', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388', 'D03.605.869.388'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.124', 'D12.776.157.530.562.374.500.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.124', 'D12.776.543.585.562.374.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.500'], ['G01.645.500', 'G01.906.595.272.437', 'G02.734.466'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['A10.615'], ['D12.776.631'], ['G02.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of the Mas receptor is upregulated in skeletal muscle wasting.
|
Skeletal muscle atrophy during sepsis, immobilization, and chronic diseases is characterized by an increase in expression and activity of the muscle-specific ubiquitin 3 ligases atrogin-1 and MuRF-1. The classical renin-angiotensin system (RAS), by high level of circulating angiotensin II (AngII) is directly involved in skeletal muscle wasting associated with cardiac and renal failure. Ang (1-7), a peptide belonging to the non-classical RAS system, produces effects that are opposite to AngII. The actions of Ang (1-7) are mediated by its binding and signalling through the Mas receptor. Our purpose is to assess the effects of atrophic stimuli AngII, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and immobilization on the expression of the Mas receptor in skeletal muscle. For that we used gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles of C57BL10 mice treated with AngII, LPS or subjected to unilateral hindlimb immobilization by casting. In addition, we used C2C12 myotubes incubated with AngII or LPS. We evaluated Mas expression by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot immunohistochemical analysis. Skeletal muscle atrophy was corroborated by the expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 and the fibre diameter. Our results show that Mas receptor expression was increased by AngII or LPS in vitro and in vivo, and upregulated by immobilization. The increase of the Mas expression was concomitantly with the upregulation of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 and the reduction of the fibre diameter. These results from studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrate for the first time that the Mas receptor is increased under atrophic stimulus and suggest that the non-classical RAS system could have an important role in muscle wasting.
|
['Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Immunoblotting', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Muscular Atrophy', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Protein Binding', 'Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled', 'Up-Regulation']
| 25,208,653
|
[['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C10.597.613.612', 'C23.300.070.500', 'C23.888.592.608.612'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.543.750.695'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dental hygiene students' attitudes toward ethical dilemmas in practice.
|
This article reports the findings of a survey-based study conducted in 2006 to determine graduating dental hygiene students' attitudes toward ethical dilemmas in eight areas of practice: substandard care, overtreatment of patients, scope of practice, fraud, confidentiality, impaired professionals, sexual harassment, abuse, and health status. The findings, based on responses from 1,165 students at 141 U.S. dental hygiene programs, indicate that many dental hygiene students do not understand what behaviors in the patient care environment are consistent with ethical practice and which are not. Responding students believed that hygienists have a strong duty to report, intercede, or educate in areas of abuse, sexual harassment, detection of cancer, and smoking cessation. However, they were less likely to report concerns about ethical transgressions such as fraud, inadequate infection control, exceeding practice scope, and failure to diagnose disease when such disclosures could potentially threaten their employment status. Based on the results, we recommend that dental hygiene programs explore curriculum enhancements to improve students' comprehension of what constitutes fraud and other ethical transgressions and the proper reporting mechanisms.
|
['Attitude', 'Confidentiality', 'Dental Care', 'Dental Hygienists', 'Disclosure', 'Domestic Violence', 'Ethics, Professional', 'Fraud', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Infection Control, Dental', 'Informed Consent', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Professional Impairment', 'Professional Practice', 'Risk Factors', 'Sexual Harassment', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Students']
| 19,289,724
|
[['F01.100'], ['F04.096.544.335.240', 'I01.880.604.473.650.500', 'I01.880.604.583.080', 'N03.706.437.650.124', 'N03.706.535.230'], ['E06.170', 'N02.421.240.190'], ['M01.526.485.067.105.376', 'N02.360.067.105.376'], ['F01.829.401.046', 'I01.880.604.583.080.134', 'L01.143.335'], ['I01.198.240.856.350', 'I01.880.735.900.350'], ['K01.752.566.479.171', 'N05.350.340'], ['I01.198.240.300'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E06.470', 'N06.850.780.200.450.500'], ['I01.880.604.473.650.718', 'I01.880.604.583.427', 'N03.706.437.650.312', 'N03.706.535.489'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['I01.880.604.583.524.528', 'N03.706.535.606.528'], ['N04.452.758'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.802.950', 'F01.145.813.606'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['M01.848']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Attitudes of hospital staff toward mentally ill patients in a teaching hospital, Turkey.
|
UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of hospital staff toward major mental diseases: schizophrenia and depression. Negative attitudes were common among all of the hospital staff, and were more common among academicians, resident physicians and nurses. Causes of attitude variations were discussed.BACKGROUND: Attitudes of hospital staff are important for admission, early diagnosis and treatment, and the rehabilitation process of mentally ill patients.AIMS: The main objective of this study was to investigate and compare hospital workers' attitudes toward and knowledge of schizophrenia and depression.METHODS: In 2001, a total of 160 hospital staff (40 academicians, 40 resident physicians, 40 nurses and 40 hospital employees) in a teaching hospital were interviewed with a questionnaire. The questionnaire included items about background information, a one-paragraph vignette, questions on social distance and expected burden, recognition of mental illness, hospitalization, prognostic outcome, and to whom and where the patient should be admitted.RESULTS: Although academicians, resident physicians, and nurses have sufficient knowledge about schizophrenia and depression, the frequency of their negative attitudes towards mentally ill subjects was more than that for uneducated hospital employees.CONCLUSIONS: It was commented that this difference might be as a result of negative effects of the medical education system.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Attitude to Health', 'Depression', 'Health Services Research', 'Hospitals, Teaching', 'Humans', 'Inpatients', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Personnel, Hospital', 'Schizophrenia', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Turkey', 'Workforce']
| 12,793,512
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['N02.278.020.300', 'N02.278.421.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643.470'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['M01.526.485.740', 'N02.360.740'], ['F03.700.750'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Quality control guidelines for testing cefotetan in the reference agar dilution procedure for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria.
|
Reference values for quality control of in vitro susceptibility tests with cefotetan against anaerobic bacteria were determined in two independent multilaboratory studies with the approved National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards agar dilution method and three control strains (Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741, and Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124). The results of the two studies were in agreement. The recommended MIC control limits for B. fragilis ATCC 25285 and B. thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741 are 4.0 to 16 micrograms/ml and 32 to 128 micrograms/ml, respectively. MICs for C. perfringens ATCC 13124 were too variable to be useful for controlling tests with cefotetan.
|
['Bacteria, Anaerobic', 'Cefotetan', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Multicenter Studies as Topic', 'Quality Control', 'Reference Values']
| 2,643,621
|
[['B03.130'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.250.199', 'D02.886.665.074.250.199', 'D03.383.129.617.235', 'D03.633.100.300.249.250.199'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['E05.318.372.658', 'N05.715.360.330.643', 'N06.850.520.450.643'], ['J01.897.608'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Early effects of liver regeneration on endocrine pancreas: in vivo change in islet morphology and in vitro assessment of systemic effects on â-cell function and viability in the rat model of two-thirds hepatectomy.
|
Liver and pancreas share key roles in glucose homeostasis. Liver regeneration is associated with systemic modifications and depends especially on pancreatic hormones. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of systemic factors released after two-thirds hepatectomy (2/3H) on early possible consequences of liver regeneration on endocrine pancreas structure and function. The pancreas and serum were harvested 1, 2, or 3 days after 2/3H or sham operation in Lewis rats. The HGF and VEGF serum concentrations and plasma microparticles levels were measured. The fate of endocrine pancreas was examined through islets histomorphometry and function in sham and 2/3H rats. â-Cell line RIN-m5F viability was assessed after 24 h of growth in media supplemented with 10% serum from 2/3H or sham rats instead of FCS. Three days after surgery, the pancreas was heavier in 2/3H compared to sham rats (0.56 vs. 0.40% of body weight, p < 0.05) and the proportion of islets of intermediate size was lower in 2/3H rats (5 vs. 15%, p < 0.05). Compared to Sham, sera obtained 3 days after hepatectomy were more efficient to maintain the viability of RIN-m5F cells (99 vs. 67%, p < 0.01). Three days after surgery, no significant differences in serum HGF, a trend to significant increase in VEGF concentration and a significant increase in microparticles levels, were observed in 2/3H vs. sham rats (9.8 vs. 6.5 nM Phtd Ser Eq., p < 0.05). Liver regeneration is associated with early effects on islets and could influence â-cell viability and function by systemic effect.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Cell-Derived Microparticles', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Hepatectomy', 'Hepatocyte Growth Factor', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Insulin-Secreting Cells', 'Liver Regeneration', 'Male', 'Models, Animal', 'Organ Size', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 25,376,550
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.284.295.588.500'], ['D27.720.470.305.250', 'E07.206.250'], ['E04.210.556'], ['D12.644.276.374.420', 'D12.776.467.374.420', 'D23.529.374.420'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['A03.734.414.131', 'A06.300.414.087', 'A06.390.131', 'A11.382.625.092', 'A11.436.294.092'], ['G10.261.475', 'G16.762.468'], ['E05.598'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Do differences exist between chronic hepatitis C genotypes 2 and 3?
|
INTRODUCTION: Six genotypes of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been identified thus far, and their distribution is well defined. Genotype 1, which is the most prevalent worldwide, is always compared to genotypes 2 and 3, particularly in terms of treatment response. However, little is known about the differences between genotypes 2 and 3 because these genotypes are analyzed together in most studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, and histological parameters between HCV-2 and HCV-3.METHODS: Patients with chronic hepatitis C infected with genotypes 2 and 3 were studied retrospectively and compared according to clinical, laboratory, and histological aspects. Hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA) was analyzed quantitatively by TaqMan® real-time PCR, and the HCV genotype was determined by sequencing the 5'-untranslated region.RESULTS: A total of 306 patients with chronic HCV-2 (n=50) and HCV-3 (n = 256) were studied. Subtype 2b (n=17/50) and subtype 3a (n=244/256) were the most prevalent among patients infected with HCV-2 and HCV-3, respectively. The mean age was 47 ± 10 years, and there was a predominance of men in the group studied (61%). Comparative analysis between HCV-2 and HCV-3 showed a younger age (p=0.002), less prevalence of arterial hypertension (p=0.03), higher serum albumin levels (p=0.01), more advanced stage of liver fibrosis (p=0.03), and higher frequency of steatosis in patients with HCV-3 (p=0.001). After multivariate regression analysis, all the variables, except serum albumin, remained as variables associated with HCV-3 in the final model.CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and histological differences exist between HCV-2 and HVC-3, which suggests the need for separate analyses of these genotypes.
|
['Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA, Viral', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 24,861,286
|
[['C23.550.291.656'], ['G05.380'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
25-Hydroxy vitamin D3 modulates dendritic cell phenotype and function in Crohn's disease.
|
BACKGROUND: In Crohn's disease (CrD), vitamin D may help to balance an exaggerated immune response and thereby improve the disease course. The immunomodulating effects depend on the activation of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25-D3), into 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25-D3). This activation has previously been shown to take place in dendritic cells (DC) from healthy individuals. We hypothesised that DC from CrD patients are able to regulate and control inflammatory responses through 25-D3 activation.METHODS: During differentiation, monocyte-derived DC from 20 CrD patients were cultured with either 25-D3 or 1,25-D3 and matured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We examined DC surface marker expression, cytokine production, and the ability to induce cell proliferation in an allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction.RESULTS: Following stimulation with LPS, DC exposed to either 25-D3 or 1,25-D3 exhibited lower expression levels of CD80, CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR and diminished TNF-á production compared with DC cultured with LPS alone. In contrast, CD14 expression and IL-6 production were higher following 25-D3 or 1,25-D3 treatment. Compared with LPS alone, both forms of vitamin D3 reduced the ability of DC to activate lymphocytes.CONCLUSIONS: Following stimulation with 25-D3, DC from CrD patients displayed a reduced response to LPS with a diminished capability to activate T cells compared with DC stimulated with LPS alone. These data indicate that intrinsic activation of 25-D3 occurs in DC from CrD patients and show that 25-D3 can modulate DC function in CrD. Our data suggest that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the uncontrolled inflammatory process seen in CrD.
|
['Adult', 'Antigens, CD', 'Cholecalciferol', 'Crohn Disease', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Female', 'HLA-DR Antigens', 'Humans', 'Immunomodulation', 'Interleukin-6', 'Leukocytes', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monocytes', 'Phenotype', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Young Adult']
| 23,341,164
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196', 'D10.570.938.146'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465', 'G12.535'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['G05.695'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Skull base chordomas: management and results.
|
Growth patterns of skull base chordomas are related to important neurovascular structures. Local invasiveness results in "clinically malignant" behavior. A high rate of transient neurological deficits occurs following radical surgery. At our institution, the principle of radical removal is not followed at any price. This study compared the results of our management with recent series. Eleven patients, five females and six males aged 24-65 years (mean 41 years), underwent removal of skull base chordoma with size one <3 cm, five 3-5 cm, and five >5 cm. Mostly, standard operative approaches were chosen. All patients underwent postoperative radiotherapy. Resection was subtotal/partial in seven patients and total in four with no mortality. Neurological deterioration occurred due to transient cranial nerve deficits in six patients. Temporary surgical morbidity (including cranial nerve deficits) was observed in seven patients. Median Karnofsky performance status score improved compared to preoperative (80), early postoperative (70), and latest assessment (90) (median 36 months). Five patients underwent reoperation due to tumor recurrence after 4-48 months (mean 24 months). Most patients undergoing removal of skull base chordomas suffer from transient neurological deficits which are mainly nonsignificant as the patients return to preoperative functional status. The apparently high rate of incomplete tumor resection (64%) reflects the infiltrative behavior and relationship with neurovascular structures. The operative strategy should not be excessively aggressive at any price, but rather take into account the options of radiotherapy and observation of residual tumor.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chordoma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Skull Base Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,565,581
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.465.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.149.721.828', 'C05.116.231.754.829'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Quantification of dental plaque through planimetric analysis.
|
The aim of this study was to develop a planimetric, automatic method for evaluation of the extension and volume of plaque. Series of color macrophotographs of stained plaque were analyzed with a digitizer entering Cartesian coordinate data from the graphic records in a calculator. Estimations were carried out on the reproducibility, discriminatory power, and time required for the planimetric analysis. In addition, the ratios between values obtained before and after reproducible cleansing were interpreted as measurement of the adhesion of plaque in vivo.
|
['Adhesiveness', 'Adult', 'Dental Plaque', 'Diagnosis, Oral', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Humans', 'Photography']
| 265,083
|
[['G02.860.139'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C07.793.208.377'], ['E06.342'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Association between Porphyromonas gingivalis and scaling and root planning therapy].
|
OBJECTIVE: Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is considered to be major putative periodontal pathogens. The purpose of the study was to evaluate P. gingivalis and clinical effects of scaling and root planning (SRP) in 20 subjects after 3 months.METHODS: Twenty periodontitis patients were selected. The mean age was (44.33 +/- 13.86) years old. Clinical assessments of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were made prior to SRP and at 3 months post-therapy. Subgingival plaque samples were taken at each visit and analyzed using TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction for the presence and levels of P. gingivalis. The quantification for P. gingivalis was also performed with the help of the species-specific primers/probes and the serial dilution of the plasmid standards.RESULTS: Mean probing depth, mean clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing showed significant reduction at 3 months (P<0.001). The prevalence and level of P. gingivalis were significantly reduced after SRP (P<0.001). A positive correlation was found between the numbers of P. gingivalis and PD at baseline (P<0.001). There were no correlation between the initial level of P. gingivalis at baseline and the clinical improvement after therapy. But the number of P. gingivalis at responding sites was more decreased than non-responding sites after SRP (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: SRP produced a good clinical improvement. The prevalence and level of P. gingivalis were significantly reduced after SRP. The effect of SRP may be determined by the degree of P. gingivalis is decreased. The real-time polymerase chain reaction can be used to evaluate the effect of periodontal therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Dental Plaque', 'Dental Plaque Index', 'Dental Scaling', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Periodontal Attachment Loss', 'Periodontal Pocket', 'Periodontitis', 'Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'Root Planing']
| 18,605,451
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C07.793.208.377'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.300.300', 'E06.208.250', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.300.325', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.300.300', 'N06.890.160.090'], ['E06.721.189.350', 'E06.761.227.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C07.465.714.354.750'], ['C07.465.714.533.750'], ['C07.465.714.533'], ['B03.440.080.094.625.515', 'B03.440.425.410.194.625.515'], ['E06.721.189.350.650', 'E06.721.874.650', 'E06.761.227.350.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Renal Disorders and Drug Therapy].
|
In recent years, among patients treated with anticancer chemotherapy, the rate of chronic kidney disease has been increasing. Nephropathy is a major potential adverse event in cancer drug therapy. Anticancer chemotherapy, particularly in patients with comorbid chronic kidney disease, requires sufficient examination of the balance between the potential therapeutic benefit and the risk of decreased renal function. The overwhelming diversity of drugs used to treat cancer involves equally diverse nephropathy pathologies and dose adjustments. There is no established method for assessing renal function during cancer drug therapy. Although serum creatinine levels and eGFR are used to assess renal function in real-world clinical settings, they are generally recognized to be somewhat problematic, and there is currently no established method for assessing renal function before and after cancer drug therapy. When assessing renal function for adjusting anticancer drug doses, the Japanese eGFR is recommended. However, if the patient requires an adjustment of the anticancer drug dose, the renal functional assessment method that have used at the clinical trial have a high likelihood of being safe. In addition, despite the importance of the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury(AKI), currently, we cannot strongly recommend biomarker-based assessment for the early diagnosis of anticancer drug-induced AKI.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Neoplasms']
| 28,292,989
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['C04']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chrysotile asbestos and health in Zimbabwe: I. Analysis of miners and millers compensated for asbestos-related diseases since independence (1980).
|
Data on the health effects caused by locally mined chrysotile asbestos in Zimbabwe have been very limited. The prevailing local view has been that risk is minimal. In this report we critically reassess the cases of 51 individuals with asbestos exposure who have been compensated by the Central Pneumoconiosis Bureau since independence in 1980. Results demonstrate that the major health risks of exposure reported elsewhere--morbid asbestosis, nonmalignant pleural disease, malignant mesothelioma, and lung cancer--all occur in Zimbabwe, at least among workers in the asbestos mines and mills. It is concluded that further investigation and control measures in the industry are warranted.
|
['Asbestos', 'Asbestos, Serpentine', 'Asbestosis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mining', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Risk Factors', "Workers' Compensation", 'Zimbabwe']
| 1,847,001
|
[['D01.578.725.050', 'D01.837.725.700.760.070'], ['D01.524.500.050', 'D01.578.725.050.075', 'D01.578.725.500.050', 'D01.837.725.700.760.070.110', 'D01.837.725.700.760.535.400'], ['C08.381.483.581.125', 'C08.381.520.702.125', 'C24.800.127'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.576.655.875.500'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N03.219.521.346.866', 'N03.219.521.576.300.900'], ['Z01.058.290.175.960']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of insulin on glucose metabolism and glucose transport in fat cells of hormone-treated hypophysectomized rats: evidence that growth hormone restricts glucose transport.
|
In earlier studies we have shown that insulin does not stimulate glucose incorporation in adipocytes of hypophysectomized (hypox) rats. Basal glucose incorporation is decreased, although basal 3-O-methylglycose transport is very rapid and cannot be further stimulated by insulin. In this study we treated hypox rats with human GH, ACTH, and T3, alone or in combination, and examined the effects of insulin on glucose incorporation into fat cells and on 3-O-methylglucose transport. The results show that chronic administration of T3 alone to hypox rats partially restores glucose incorporation into fat cells and, in combination with ACTH, completely restores this incorporation. The two hormones have no effect on the glucose carrier system. The transport rate under T3 and ACTH replacement therapy continues to proceed at a maximal rate, so that basal glucose incorporation is high but not further enhanced by insulin. In contrast, administration of human GH to hypox rats does not influence glucose incorporation but has a marked effect on glucose transport. The basal glucose transport rate returns toward normal and again responds to insulin. This suggests 1) that enzyme activities responsible for the lipogenetic capacity of the fat cell are decreased in hypox rats and returned toward normal by the combined T3/ACTH treatment, and 2) that the limitation of glucose transport in the fat cell is controlled by GH. GH seems to induce a change of the glucose-carrier system; it leads to a restriction of glucose transport, which is acutely modulated by insulin.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Cytochalasin B', 'Deoxyglucose', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Glucose', 'Growth Hormone', 'Hypophysectomy', 'Insulin', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Triiodothyronine']
| 226,351
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of genetic variants of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 gene in breast cancer in French patients.
|
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme that catalyzes the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of target proteins in response to DNA damage and has been proposed to play a role in DNA repair, recombination, transcription, cell death, cell proliferation, as well as in stabilization of the genome. We have recently shown that PARP-1 deficiency causes mammary tumorigenesis in mice. In the present study, we investigated whether genetic variants and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PARP-1 contribute to human breast cancer. To this end, we screened all PARP-1 exons, 7.1kb of intron-exon junction and 1.0-kb promoter sequences in 83 French patients with breast cancer and 100 controls by direct sequencing of genomic DNA. Twenty rare genetic variants of PARP-1, including c.1148C>A (Ser383Tyr), c.1354C>A (Arg452Arg), c.2819A>G (Lys940Arg) were detected in nine (10.8%) breast cancers of these patients. Among 31 polymorphic sites examined, five haplotype-tagging SNPs (htSNPs) of PARP-1 were identified. Interestingly, the genotype distribution of htSNP c.852T>C (Ala284Ala) was likely associated with loss of estrogen- and progesterone-receptor expression. The present study implies that genetic variants of PARP-1 may contribute to breast cancerogenesis and that PARP-1 htSNP c.852T>C (Ala284Ala) may influence hormonal therapy of breast cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Base Sequence', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Ductal', 'Case-Control Studies', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Female', 'France', 'Genetic Testing', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent', 'Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1', 'Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide']
| 17,560,163
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.232', 'C04.557.470.615.132'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.626'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.690.420'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.690'], ['G05.365.795.598']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Exploring shame, guilt, and risky substance use among sexual minority men and women.
|
This study examined the interrelations among shame-proneness, guilt-proneness, internalized heterosexism (IH), and problematic substance use among 389 gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women. Problematic alcohol and drug use were positively related to shame-proneness and negatively related to guilt-proneness. Bisexuals reported riskier substance use behaviors, lower levels of guilt-proneness, and higher levels of IH than gay men and lesbians. Furthermore, study findings indicated that shame and IH are related. Additional investigations of these associations would supplement current understandings of sexual minority stress and advance the development of substance-related intervention and prevention efforts targeting sexual minorities.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alcoholism', 'Bisexuality', 'Female', 'Guilt', 'Homosexuality, Female', 'Homosexuality, Male', 'Humans', 'Illicit Drugs', 'Male', 'Minority Groups', 'Psychological Tests', 'Risk-Taking', 'Sexism', 'Shame', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Young Adult']
| 23,469,820
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['F01.145.802.975.200', 'G08.686.867.200'], ['F01.470.483'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.400', 'G08.686.867.500.400'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.600', 'G08.686.867.500.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.878'], ['I01.880.853.300'], ['F04.711'], ['F01.145.722'], ['F01.145.813.550.750', 'F01.145.813.629.750', 'F01.829.595.750'], ['F01.470.483.666'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Knee arthrography: effects of various contrast media and epinephrine on synovial fluid.
|
Changes in synovial fluid leukocytes, total protein, and total complement were studied in 58 patients after they underwent single contrast material-enhanced knee arthrography with ionic (sodium iothalamate, sodium meglumine diatrizoate, meglumine iothalamate) and nonionic (iopamidol, iohexol) contrast media. In 30 of 58 cases, 0.3 mg epinephrine was also injected. In patients examined without epinephrine, a significant increase in the number of leukocytes was observed when sodium iothalamate and sodium meglumine diatrizoate were used. When administered with epinephrine all ionic compounds produced significant leukocytosis; articular reactions were most evident in patients examined with sodium salts. No inflammatory changes in the synovial fluid were observed when nonionic compounds were used. These data suggest that sodium-containing compounds produce a greater reaction in the joint compared with other contrast media, nonionic compounds are better tolerated by the joint, and epinephrine increases the articular reaction to ionic contrast media.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Arthrography', 'Complement System Proteins', 'Contrast Media', 'Diatrizoate Meglumine', 'Epinephrine', 'Humans', 'Iohexol', 'Iopamidol', 'Iothalamic Acid', 'Joint Diseases', 'Knee', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Middle Aged', 'Proteins', 'Synovial Fluid']
| 3,763,866
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.350.700.070'], ['D12.776.124.486.274'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['D02.033.800.813.550.500', 'D02.241.223.100.400.880.270.500', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.375.880.270.500', 'D09.067.342.600.500', 'D09.853.813.550.500'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.223.100.400.880.400', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.375.880.400'], ['D02.241.223.100.400.880.410', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.375.880.410'], ['D02.241.223.100.400.880.430', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.375.880.430'], ['C05.550'], ['A01.378.610.450'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776'], ['A02.835.583.443.800.800', 'A12.207.270.847']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Sensitivity of toad rods: Dependence on wave-length and background illumination.
|
1. There are five morphological types of photoreceptors in the retina of the toad, Bufo marinus: red and green rods, single cones, and the principal and accessory members of double cones. The largest and most abundant of these is the red rod. 2. Intracellular recordings were used to investigate the dependence of the sensitivity of red rod responses on wave-length and background light. 3. The spectral sensitivity of dark-adapted and moderately light-adapted red rods can be satisfactorily fitted with the absorbance spectrum of the red rod photopigment. There are no significant contributions to red rod responses from cones or green rods. 4. In contrast, L-type horizontal cells, whose responses are dominated by input from the red rods near threshold, can be shown also to receive input from cones. 5. Steady background light produces a response in the red rods consisting of an initial hyperpolarization, followed by a decay of potential to a steady-state plateau level. The slow decay of response amplitude is accompanied by an increase in sensitivity to increment test flashes. 6. The increment sensitivity at steady-state decreases with increasing background intensity according to a modified Weber-Fechner relation. The dependence of increment sensitivity on the wave-length of the background light can be predicted by the red rod spectral sensitivity, showing that cones do not influence the light adaptation of rods. 7. At a background [corrected] intensity of 11-5 log equivalent quanta cm-2sec-1, sensitivity begins to deviate from the Weber-Fechner relation. In background light one log unit brighter, the rods are completely saturated. 8. Small responses having the spectral sensitivity of cones can be recorded from saturated rods. These potentials have a prominent off response whose wave form resembles the d-wave of the e.r.g. 9. A comparison of the increment--sensitivity curves of single receptors shows that rods are light-adapted by backgrounds one thousand times dimmer than those which affect cones. The increment--sensitivity curves of rods and cones cross, so that single cones become more sensitive than single rods even before the rods begin to saturate.
|
['Adaptation, Ocular', 'Animals', 'Bufo marinus', 'Color Perception', 'Female', 'Light', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Neurons', 'Photoreceptor Cells', 'Retina', 'Retinal Pigments']
| 825,637
|
[['G14.020'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.210.580'], ['F02.463.593.932.217'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A08.675.650.850.625', 'A08.675.650.915.937', 'A08.800.950.937', 'A09.371.729.831.625', 'A11.671.650.850.625', 'A11.671.650.915.937'], ['A09.371.729'], ['D23.767.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risk of developing life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia associated with tefenadine in comparison with over-the-counter antihistamines, ibuprofen and clemastine.
|
An observational, historical cohort evaluation was performed to examine the hypothesis that terfenadine (Seldane) exposure increases the risk of developing life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. The study population consisted of Medicaid recipients from 4 states that were included in the Computerized On-Line Medical Pharmaceutical Analysis and Surveillance System (COMPASS). The drug exposure period was defined prospectively as 30 days in all treatment cohorts. The primary end point was the development of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation and flutter, and cardiac arrest and sudden death). The comparison cohorts included terfenadine (n = 181,672), over-the-counter antihistamines (n = 150,689), ibuprofen (n = 181,672) and clemastine (Tavist; n = 83,156). Over the exposure period, a total of 317 life-threatening ventricular arrhythmic events occurred, 244 of which were cardiac arrests. The incidence of total life-threatening ventricular arrhythmic events and cardiac arrests were more frequent in patients receiving over-the-counter antihistamines (relative risk 0.36) than in those receiving terfenadine, a finding that was consistent across all subgroups. There was no increased risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in the terfenadine cohort as compared with the ibuprofen cohort (relative risk 0.62), and in some analyses, the ibuprofen cohort had a significantly higher arrhythmic event rate. In all comparisons with the clemastine cohort, the terfenadine cohort had a statistically indistinguishable relative risk (1.08). Age, race, sex and cardiovascular risk were all considered in the adjusted relative-risk analyses. No baseline historical characteristic or imbalance of baseline medications explained the differences between groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Clemastine', 'Cohort Studies', 'Death, Sudden, Cardiac', 'Disease', 'Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'Female', 'Heart Arrest', 'Humans', 'Ibuprofen', 'Information Systems', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nonprescription Drugs', 'Product Surveillance, Postmarketing', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Terfenadine', 'Ventricular Function']
| 8,109,548
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['D03.383.773.165'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C14.280.383.220', 'C23.550.260.322.250'], ['C23.550.288'], ['C25.100'], ['C14.280.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.223.701.430'], ['L01.313.500.750.300'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D26.530'], ['E05.337.800'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.115.800', 'D03.383.621.855'], ['G09.330.955']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The pentafraction of hydroxyethyl starch inhibits ischemia-induced compartment syndrome.
|
Pentafraction (PF), a solution of biodegradable hydroxyethyl starch macromolecules with molecular weights of 10 to 100 x 10(4) daltons, has been shown to minimize tissue edema by sealing interendothelial clefts at the capillary level. The effect of PF on ischemia-reperfusion-induced compartment syndrome was studied. Ten rabbits underwent bilateral femoral artery occlusion following ligation of branches from the terminal aorta to the popliteal artery. After 7 hours of ischemia, reperfusion was established with heparinized polyethylene shunts. Experimental animals (n = 5) received PF and control animals (n = 5) received normal saline (NS) as an intravenous infusion (30 mL/kg) for 1 hour, beginning 10 minutes after shunt placement. During reperfusion, anterior compartment pressure was continuously monitored in the left lower extremity. To quantitate oxidative metabolism, triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction (micrograms of TTC per milligram of protein) of tibialis anterior muscle from the right lower extremity was measured at femoral artery occlusion, 7 hours of ischemia, and 2 hours of reperfusion. In the NS group, anterior compartment pressure significantly increased from the end of the ischemic interval, 10.8 +/- 4.14 to 36.4 +/- 9.9 mmHg and 44.6 +/- 15.4 mmHg, after 1 and 2 hours of reperfusion (p < 0.007) compared with the PF group, which did not change significantly, 10.6 +/- 2.6 to 11.4 +/- 12.9 mmHg and 7.4 +/- 2.8 mmHg, after 1 and 2 hours of reperfusion (p < 0.67).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Compartment Syndromes', 'Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives', 'Male', 'Rabbits', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Time Factors']
| 7,518,011
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['C05.651.180', 'C14.907.303'], ['D09.301.915.500', 'D09.698.365.855.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['C14.907.725', 'C23.550.767.877'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Conformational change of sodium- and potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase. Conformational evidence for the Post-Albers mechanism in Na+- and K+-dependent hydrolysis of ATP.
|
The addition of ATP with K+ to pig kidney Na+,K+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) modified with a sulfhydryl fluorescent reagent N-[p-(2-benzimidazolyl)phenyl]maleimide induced a transient decrease (t 1/2 = 0.01 s) in the fluorescence in the presence of Mg2+ with 0.64 M Na+, followed by a slow increase (t 1/2 = 0.08 s), to give a higher steady level than that observed without K+. The addition induced a transient increase (t 1/2 less than 0.02 s) in the amount of phosphoenzyme, followed by a slow decrease (t 1/2 = 0.08 s), but the addition without K+ induced a monophasic increase (t 1/2 = 0.02 s). The addition of ATP in the presence of 2 M Na+ with Ca2+ induced a monophasic decrease (t 1/2 = 0.1 s) in the fluorescence along with a much slower increase (t 1/2 = 1.2 s) in the amount of phosphoenzyme. No significant burst of acid-labile phosphate was observed. The data showed clearly the accumulation of the enzyme-ATP complex preceding the phosphoenzyme formation. Fluorescence intensity of these enzyme species and the amount of phosphoenzyme permitted the simulation using the reaction mechanism including enzyme-ATP complex, ADP-sensitive phosphoenzyme, K+-sensitive phosphoenzyme, and K+-bound enzyme. The simulation gave a good fit to the experimental data which showed that ATP is hydrolyzed in sequence through the above intermediates in the presence of both Na+ and K+.
|
['Animals', 'Hydrolysis', 'Kidney', 'Kinetics', 'Maleimides', 'Models, Biological', 'Protein Conformation', 'Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Sulfhydryl Reagents', 'Swine']
| 6,096,364
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.380'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.241.081.337.502.524', 'D02.478.440', 'D03.383.129.578.399'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.162.780', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.880', 'D12.776.157.530.813.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.800', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.890', 'D12.776.543.585.813.750'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['D27.720.470.410.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of endothelin on coronary flow, mechanical performance, oxygen uptake, and formation of purines and on outflow of prostacyclin in the isolated rabbit heart.
|
Endothelin is a 21-residue peptide formed during incubation of isolated porcine endothelial cells. Due to its pronounced vasoconstrictor activity, endothelin has been proposed to play a role in the regulation of vascular tone. We studied the effects of synthetic endothelin (0.1-10 nM) on coronary flow, mechanical performance, myocardial oxygen uptake, and formation of purines, and outflow of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (metabolite of prostacyclin) in rabbit hearts perfused with saline by the Langendorff method. Endothelin dose-dependently decreased the coronary flow, at 10 nM, by about 75%. Heart rate, ventricular contractility, myocardial oxygen uptake, and purine release were affected by endothelin no more than by a corresponding mechanical reduction of the coronary flow. In contrast, the diastolic relaxation appeared to be directly diminished by endothelin. The concentration of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha in the cardiac effluent was dose-dependently elevated by about 14 times by endothelin (10 nM) (p less than 0.001). A corresponding mechanical restriction of the coronary flow insignificantly affected the effluent concentration of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha. The calcium channel blocker nifedipine (1 microM) completely abolished the decrease in diastolic relaxation induced by endothelin and markedly counteracted the peptide-induced increase in effluent concentration of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, but did not affect the vasoconstrictor activity. These data demonstrate that endothelin induces vasoconstriction and facilitates the outflow of prostacyclin in the rabbit heart. In addition, the peptide appears to affect diastolic relaxation in this organ.
|
['6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha', 'Animals', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Endothelins', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Heart Rate', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Myocardium', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Peptides', 'Purines', 'Rabbits']
| 2,403,862
|
[['D10.251.355.255.550.400.350', 'D10.251.355.325.450', 'D23.469.050.175.725.400.350'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['D12.644.276.400', 'D12.776.467.400', 'D23.529.400'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['A07.541'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['E05.481'], ['E05.196.566'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['G03.680'], ['D12.644'], ['D03.633.100.759'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated apoptosis via JNK in MWCNT-exposed in vitro systems: size, surface functionalization and cell type specificity.
|
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the underlying mechanism of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) induced cellular response and their potential cross-talk, specifically, between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, MAPK activation and apoptosis and how these nano-bio interactions depend on the physico-chemical properties of MWCNT. For this purpose, human bronchial epithelial (Beas2B) and human hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines, were exposed to five kinds of MWCNTs which differ in functionalization and aspect ratios. Tissue-specific sensitivity was evident for calcium homeostasis, ER-stress response, MAPK activation and apoptosis, which further depended on surface functionalization as well as aspect ratios of MWCNT. By applying specific pharmaceutical inhibitors, relevant biomarkers gene and proteins expressions, we found that possibly MWCNT induce activation of IRE1á-XPB1 pathway-mediated ER-stress response, which in turn trigger apoptosis through JNK activation in both type of cells but with variable intensity. The information presented here would have relevance in better understanding of MWCNT toxicity and their safer applications.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress', 'Humans', 'JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Nanotubes, Carbon']
| 32,493,873
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251'], ['G04.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374', 'D12.644.360.450.340', 'D12.776.476.450.340'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synaptonemal complex karyotype of zebrafish.
|
Meiotic cells of zebrafish have been prepared to show synaptonemal complexes (SCs) by light and electron microscopy. Completely paired SCs from both spermatocytes and oocytes were measured to produce an SC karyotype. The SC karyotype resembles the somatic karyotype of zebrafish and has no recognisable sex bivalent. Measurements of total SC length indicate that SCs grow longer and develop centromeres during pachytene. Oocytes consistently have longer SCs than spermatocytes, presumably correlated with the reported higher recombination frequency in females than in males.
|
['Animals', 'Chromosomes', 'Female', 'Karyotyping', 'Male', 'Meiosis', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Sex Chromosomes', 'Sex Determination Processes', 'Synaptonemal Complex', 'Zebrafish']
| 12,634,819
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.187', 'A11.284.430.106.279.345.190', 'G05.360.162'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['G04.144.220.220.687', 'G05.113.220.687'], ['G05.728'], ['G08.686.815'], ['A11.284.187.865', 'G05.360.162.865'], ['G05.813', 'G07.345.500.325.377.812', 'G07.345.750.437', 'G08.686.841.437'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.830', 'G04.144.220.220.687.883.250.500', 'G04.144.220.220.781.906.250.500', 'G05.113.220.687.883.250.500', 'G05.113.220.781.906.250.500', 'G05.360.160.830'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
DNA-Prot: identification of DNA binding proteins from protein sequence information using random forest.
|
DNA-binding proteins (DNABPs) are important for various cellular processes, such as transcriptional regulation, recombination, replication, repair, and DNA modification. So far various bioinformatics and machine learning techniques have been applied for identification of DNA-binding proteins from protein structure. Only few methods are available for the identification of DNA binding proteins from protein sequence. In this work, we report a random forest method, DNA-Prot, to identify DNA binding proteins from protein sequence. Training was performed on the dataset containing 146 DNA-binding proteins and 250 non DNA-binding proteins. The algorithm was tested on the dataset containing 92 DNA-binding proteins and 100 non DNA-binding proteins. We obtained 80.31% accuracy from training and 84.37% accuracy from testing. Benchmarking analysis on the independent of 823 DNA-binding proteins and 823 non DNA-binding proteins shows that our approach can distinguish DNA-binding proteins from non DNA-binding proteins with more than 80% accuracy. We also compared our method with DNAbinder method on test dataset and two independent datasets. Comparable performance was observed from both methods on test dataset. In the benchmark dataset containing 823 DNA-binding proteins and 823 non DNA-binding proteins, we obtained significantly better performance from DNA-Prot with 81.83% accuracy whereas DNAbinder achieved only 61.42% accuracy using amino acid composition and 63.5% using PSSM profile. Similarly, DNA-Prot achieved better performance rate from the benchmark dataset containing 88 DNA-binding proteins and 233 non DNA-binding proteins. This result shows DNA-Prot can be efficiently used to identify DNA binding proteins from sequence information. The dataset and standalone version of DNA-Prot software can be obtained from http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/EPNSugan/index_files/dnaprot.htm.
|
['Algorithms', 'Amino Acids', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Databases, Protein', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 19,385,697
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D12.125'], ['D12.776.260'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.750', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.710', 'L01.470.750.750.300.750', 'L01.470.750.750.325.710'], ['G02.409'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of dried plums on colon cancer risk factors in rats.
|
Dried plums (that is, prunes) are a fruit that show promise as a food to lower colon cancer risk, based on their high content of dietary fiber and polyphenolics. In this study, we have examined the effect of diets containing dried plums on the number of colonic precancerous lesions (aberrant crypts, ACs), fecal bile acid concentration, and cecal bacterial enzyme activities related to colon cancer risk. Rats were fed one of four diets: a basal diet (a modified AIN-93G diet), a low-concentration dried plum diet (LCDP, 4.75% dried plum powder), a high-concentration dried plum diet (HCDP, 9.5% dried plum powder), or a diet matched to the carbohydrate content of the HCDP diet (CH-M) for 10 days. All animals were then administered azoxymethane (15 mg/kg, s.c., given two times, 1 wk apart) and fed their respective diets for 9 additional weeks. The number of AC foci (ACF), large ACF (>3 AC/ACF), or ACF multiplicity (AC/ACF) did not differ among the four groups. When compared with the basal diet, rats fed the LCDP diet had significantly lower concentrations of total fecal bile acids, deoxycholic acid, and hyodeoxycholic acid. Rats fed the HCDP diet had significantly lower fecal concentrations of lithocholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid. The LCDP and HCDP diets significantly decreased the cecal activity of 7alpha-dehydroxylase, and the LCDP also had lower beta-glucuronidase activity. The LCDP, HCDP, and CH-M groups had significantly greater cecal nitroreductase activities than the basal group. There was a significant correlation between 7alpha-dehydroxylase activity and fecal lithocholic acid concentration. Compared with the basal diet, both the LCDP and HCDP diets greatly increased cecal supernatant oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). These results suggest that, although dried plums did not reduce ACF number, they favorably altered other colon cancer risk factors.
|
['Animals', 'Azoxymethane', 'Bile Acids and Salts', 'Cecum', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Feces', 'Glucuronidase', 'Male', 'Nitroreductases', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Prunus', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Risk Factors']
| 16,351,514
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.172.080'], ['D04.210.500.105'], ['A03.556.124.526.209', 'A03.556.249.249.209'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A12.459'], ['D08.811.277.450.426'], ['D08.811.682.655'], ['D08.811.682'], ['C04.834'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500.625'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A review of Papanicolaou smears in a black hospital.
|
Results of 3,009 Papanicolaou smears from black women are reviewed. The modus operandi and cost for the outpatient component are presented. Abnormal results were reported in 11.6 percent of the combined outpatients and inpatients. The major portion of the changes in this subset were due to atypia present in a substantial number of women with Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis. Programs of this nature with a specific objective may be easily merged into the basic medical services provided by an outpatient and inpatient department.
|
['African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Cervix Uteri', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Papanicolaou Test', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Vagina', 'Vaginal Neoplasms', 'Vaginal Smears']
| 3,712,481
|
[['M01.686.508.100'], ['A05.360.319.679.256'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.422', 'E01.370.225.998.054.422', 'E04.074.422', 'E05.200.500.384.100.422', 'E05.200.998.054.422', 'E05.242.384.100.422'], ['C04.834'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['A05.360.319.779'], ['C04.588.945.418.955', 'C13.351.500.894.834', 'C13.351.937.418.937'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An unusual pectate lyase from a Bacillus sp. with high activity on pectin: cloning and characterization.
|
The gene pelA encoding a pectate lyase from the strain Bacillus sp. BP-23 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of a 1214 bp DNA fragment containing pelA gene was determined, revealing an ORF of 666 nucleotides that encoded a protein of 23233 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence of the encoded enzyme showed homology to pectate lyases A, B, C and D from Fusarium solani, Pel-3 and PelB from Erwinia carotovora and Pell from Erwinia chrysanthemi. Homology was also found to the protein deduced from the Bacillus subtilis yvpA gene, the function of which is unknown. The heterologous expressed enzyme depolymerized polygalacturonate and pectins of methyl esterification degree from 22 to 89%, and exhibited similar activity on polygalacturonate and on 89% esterified citrus pectin. Optimum temperature and pH for enzymic activity were 50 degrees C and pH 10, respectively. Ca2+ was required for activity on pectic substrates, while the enzyme was strongly inhibited by Ba2+.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacillus', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Pectins', 'Polysaccharide-Lyases', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 10,658,655
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218', 'B03.353.500.100.218', 'B03.510.100.100.218', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218'], ['E05.393.220'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D05.750.078.738', 'D09.698.670', 'D20.215.784.500.618'], ['D08.811.520.241.700'], ['E05.393.751'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cutaneous drainage lymphatic map with interstitial multidetector-row computed tomographic lymphography using iopamidol: preliminary results.
|
We performed preliminary tests of the feasibility of multi-detector computed tomographic lymphography (MDCT-LG) with interstitial injection of iopamidol for mapping cutaneous lymphatic drainage pathways. MDCT-LG images were obtained following cutaneous injection of a total of 1ml iopamidol bilaterally into hind legs of 10 dogs. The locations of the first draining lymph nodes were marked on the skin under MDCT-LG guidance. Five dogs served for postmortem examination of lymphatic anatomy, and the remaining 5 underwent MDCT-LG after ligation of the afferent lymphatic vessels of the first draining popliteal nodes. Clinically, MDCT-LG was attempted in 6 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma and compared with Tc-99m-human serum albumin lymphoscintigraphy. MDCT-LG clearly visualized the first draining lymph nodes and their afferent lymphatic vessels draining from the contrast injection sites with detailed underlying anatomy in all dogs. At surgery, all these first draining nodes could be found at predicted locations under MDCT-LG guidance. MDCT-LG showed rerouting of lymphatic vessels after ligation of the afferent lymph vessels of the popliteal nodes in the second 5 dogs. Clinically, MDCT-LG also allowed accurate mapping and biopsy of the first draining nodes from primary tumors at predicted locations, with minimal skin incision. Lymphoscintigraphy failed to identify these nodes due to overlapping radioactivity of clustered nodes or transport of the radiotracer to subsequent distant nodes in 4 patients. Although a more extensive study is warranted for further validation, preoperative interstitial MDCT-LG appears to have the potential feasibility for accurate sentinel lymph node mapping and biopsy in patients with cutaneous melanoma.
|
['Aged', 'Animals', 'Contrast Media', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Iopamidol', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphography', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy', 'Skin', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 17,853,616
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['D02.241.223.100.400.880.410', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.375.880.410'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['E01.370.350.700.475'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.580', 'E01.370.225.998.054.580', 'E01.370.388.100.580', 'E04.074.580', 'E04.446.819', 'E05.200.500.384.100.580', 'E05.200.998.054.580', 'E05.242.384.100.580'], ['A17.815'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Gastrostomy placement improves height and weight gain in girls with Rett syndrome.
|
BACKGROUND: Growth failure and undernutrition complicate the clinical course of girls with Rett syndrome (RTT). These abnormalities are, in part, the consequence of oral motor dysfunction and inadequate dietary intake.OBJECTIVE: To determine whether gastrostomy placement for nutritional therapy alters the natural history of growth failure and undernutrition in RTT.HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that gastrostomy placement for nutritional therapy reverses the decline in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) z scores in RTT.METHODS: Standard stadiometric and anthropometric measures were obtained to derive height, weight, and BMI z scores and estimates of fat-free mass (FFM) and body fat in a cohort of girls (n = 92) with RTT before and after gastrostomy placement. Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) mutations and the presence or absence of a fundoplication were recorded.RESULTS: The differences in height (n = 73), weight (n = 81), and BMI (n = 81) z score slopes before and after gastrostomy placement were 1.31 + 2.06 (P < 0.001), 2.38 +/- 3.18 (P < 0.001), and 3.25 +/- 3.32 (P < 0.001), respectively. FFM and body fat (n = 43) increased after gastrostomy by 41 +/- 27 g/cm height (P < 0.001) and 7.5% +/- 5.7% body weight (P < 0.001), respectively. The differences in height, weight, and BMI z score slopes were similar regardless of the age at which the gastrostomy was placed. The differences in height, weight, and BMI z score slopes, as well as the change in FFM and body fat deposition after gastrostomy placement, did not differ between those who did or did not have a fundoplication and among the classes of MECP2 mutations.CONCLUSION: Gastrostomy placement for aggressive nutritional therapy favorably altered the natural history of growth failure and undernutrition in RTT, but did not restore height and weight z scores to birth values, regardless of the age at which surgery occurred and in the presence or absence of a fundoplication.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Adolescent', 'Body Fluid Compartments', 'Body Height', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Size', 'Body Weight', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Fundoplication', 'Gastrostomy', 'Growth', 'Growth Disorders', 'Humans', 'Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2', 'Mutation', 'Nutritional Support', 'Rett Syndrome']
| 19,525,868
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['M01.060.057'], ['A10.082', 'A12.207.180'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E04.210.390'], ['E04.210.496', 'E04.579.408'], ['G07.345.249'], ['C23.550.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.260.536', 'D12.776.660.235.550', 'D12.776.664.235.700'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E02.642.500'], ['C10.597.606.360.455.937', 'C16.320.322.500.937', 'C16.320.400.525.937']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Dental school deans' perceptions of the organizational culture and impact of the ELAM program on the culture and advancement of women faculty.
|
In 2006, deans of the sixty-four U.S. and Canadian dental schools were surveyed to gain their perspectives on their institutions' organizational culture for faculty, family-friendly policies, processes used by deans to develop faculty leadership, and the impact of the Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine (ELAM) Program for Women. The deans reported (52 percent response rate) an improved climate in terms of gender equity, yet recognized that inequities still exist. Of fifteen family-friendly policies, only three were available at more than 50 percent of the schools, with little indication that additional policies were under consideration. The deans reported active engagement in behaviors to develop the leadership of their faculty members. Of the nine processes, 50 percent of the deans indicated three they believed to be particularly effective with women. They agreed that ELAM has had a positive impact on their alumnae and their schools. Results are discussed in terms of how the deans' perceptions compare to faculty perceptions and within the larger context of higher education and other organizations. The responsibility of the dean to shape the dental school's culture, particularly in the face of the changing demographics of dental faculty, adds to the importance of the unique perspective provided by the deans.
|
['Administrative Personnel', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Canada', 'Career Mobility', 'Dentists, Women', 'Education, Dental', 'Faculty, Dental', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leadership', 'Male', 'Organizational Culture', 'Organizational Policy', 'Schools, Dental', 'Staff Development', 'United States', 'Women, Working', 'Workplace']
| 19,491,345
|
[['M01.526.070'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['N01.824.245.175', 'N01.824.547.330'], ['M01.526.485.330.310', 'M01.975.310', 'N02.360.330.310'], ['I02.358.274'], ['M01.526.485.360', 'M01.526.702.250.273', 'N02.360.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.609'], ['N04.452.606'], ['I01.655.500.550', 'I01.880.604.825.550', 'N03.623.500.550'], ['I02.783.495.481'], ['I02.574.700', 'N04.452.677.822'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.975.825'], ['N01.824.245.925', 'N04.452.677.975']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
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| 1
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Effect of pulse duration of Er: YAG laser on dentin ablation.
|
The present study examined the effects on dentin ablation efficiency arising from various pulse durations of Er: YAG laser at a fixed energy fluence. Ten flat human dentin disks were prepared and exposed to an Er: YAG laser at 1 pps for three seconds at pulse durations of 100-500 microsec with 150 mJ/pulse (40.0 J/cm x pulse). The depth and diameter of the ablated dentin were measured and the ablation volume was estimated. Irradiated surfaces and cross-sections were observed using a SEM. Depth of the removed dentin increased and the diameter of the spot decreased without a change in the estimated volume at increased pulse durations. SEM observation of the irradiated surfaces revealed that there were no morphological differences when the pulse duration was changed. When the specimens were cross-sectioned, the ablated dentin had a dome shape and there was a dark layer under the irradiated surface.
|
['Color', 'Dentin', 'Humans', 'Laser Therapy', 'Lasers, Solid-State', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Smear Layer', 'Time Factors']
| 18,717,173
|
[['G01.590.540.199'], ['A14.549.167.900.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['E07.632.490.490', 'E07.710.520.490'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['C07.793.208.688'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Synthesis of novel triazoles and a tetrazole of escitalopram as cholinesterase inhibitors.
|
A novel serie of escitalopram triazoles (60-88) and a tetrazole (89) have been synthesized and subjected to a study to establish the inhibitory potential of these compounds toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Some selectivity in inhibition has been observed. The 4-chlorophenyl- (75, IC50, 6.71 ± 0.25 ìM) and 2-methylphenyl- (70, IC50, 9.52 ± 0.23 ìM) escitalopram triazole derivatives depicted high AChE inhibition, while 2-fluorophenyl- (76, IC50 = 4.52 ± 0.17 ìM) and 4-fluorophenyl- (78, IC50 = 5.31 ± 0.43 ìM) have found to be excellent BChE inhibitors. It has also been observed that ortho, meta and para substituted electron donating groups increase the inhibition, while electron withdrawing groups reduce the inhibition. Docking analyses of inhibitors with AChE have depicted the binding energies for 70 and 75 as ÄG(bind) -6.42 and -6.93 kcal/mol, respectively, while ligands 76 and 78 have shown the binding affinity ÄG(bind) -9.04 and -8.51 kcal/mol, respectively, for BChE.
|
['Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'Citalopram', 'Molecular Structure', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Triazoles']
| 26,189,031
|
[['D27.505.519.389.275', 'D27.505.519.625.120.300', 'D27.505.696.577.120.300'], ['D02.092.831.170', 'D02.626.320', 'D03.633.100.127.187'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D03.383.129.799']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Alternative polyadenylation in glioblastoma multiforme and changes in predicted RNA binding protein profiles.
|
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is widely present in the human genome and plays a key role in carcinogenesis. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the APA products in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, one of the most lethal brain tumors) and normal brain tissues and further developed a computational pipeline, RNAelements (http://sysbio.zju.edu.cn/RNAelements/), using covariance model from known RNA binding protein (RBP) targets acquired by RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis. We identified 4530 APA isoforms for 2733 genes in GBM, and found that 182 APA isoforms from 148 genes showed significant differential expression between normal and GBM brain tissues. We then focused on three genes with long and short APA isoforms that show inconsistent expression changes between normal and GBM brain tissues. These were myocyte enhancer factor 2D, heat shock factor binding protein 1, and polyhomeotic homolog 1 (Drosophila). Using the RNAelements program, we found that RBP binding sites were enriched in the alternative regions between the first and the last polyadenylation sites, which would result in the short APA forms escaping regulation from those RNA binding proteins. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first comprehensive APA isoform dataset for GBM and normal brain tissues. Additionally, we demonstrated a putative novel APA-mediated mechanism for controlling RNA stability and translation for APA isoforms. These observations collectively lay a foundation for novel diagnostics and molecular mechanisms that can inform future therapeutic interventions for GBM.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Brain', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Databases, Nucleic Acid', 'Glioblastoma', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Humans', 'MADS Domain Proteins', 'MEF2 Transcription Factors', 'Myogenic Regulatory Factors', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Polyadenylation', 'Polycomb Repressive Complex 1', 'RNA Precursors', 'RNA Stability', 'RNA, Neoplasm', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Software']
| 23,421,905
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.630', 'L01.470.750.750.300.500', 'L01.470.750.750.325.630'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.260.400.249', 'D12.776.930.397'], ['D12.776.210.500.570.294', 'D12.776.260.103.750.294', 'D12.776.260.400.249.624', 'D12.776.930.125.750.294', 'D12.776.930.397.700'], ['D12.776.210.500.570', 'D12.776.260.103.750', 'D12.776.930.125.750'], ['D12.776.624'], ['G02.111.760.225.710', 'G03.839.225.710', 'G05.308.700.225.710'], ['D05.500.781.100', 'D08.811.464.938.750.280', 'D12.776.660.235.600.100', 'D12.776.664.235.800.100', 'D12.776.930.780.890.100'], ['D13.400.730', 'D13.444.735.640'], ['G02.111.780'], ['D13.444.735.615'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Grandmother's support for new mothers in Japan.
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OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to describe grandmothers' intentions regarding providing satisfactory infant care support for new mothers.DESIGN AND SAMPLE: Qualitative inductive analysis was performed using semistructured interviews conducted with 19 pairs of grandmothers and new mothers with one child aged 3-4 months old.RESULTS: Support that satisfied the new mothers was categorized into five concepts, which included support activities such as "minding the grandchild" and "supporting family life". Six reasons were attributed by the new mothers for their satisfaction such as "reduced anxiety toward infant care" and "lifestyle stability including infant care". The grandmothers' intentions in providing satisfactory infant care support for new mothers were categorized into seven concepts that included "sympathizing with the hardships of motherhood upon seeing the mother's situation" and "balancing the desire to provide support and maintain their own lifestyle".CONCLUSIONS: Grandmothers wanted to help new mothers by supporting and empowering them. Data also showed that grandmothers could potentially benefit from research-based information on modern infant care practices as well as reliable and up-to-date infant care information obtained from within the community. Supporting grandmothers in their role will ultimately benefit infants and new mothers and contribute to grandmothers' personal fulfillment.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Female', 'Grandparents', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant Care', 'Intergenerational Relations', 'Japan', 'Middle Aged', 'Mothers']
| 29,770,966
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.829.263.403', 'I01.880.853.150.452', 'M01.264'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['N02.421.088.120'], ['F01.829.263.370.110', 'F01.829.401.190'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Activation of respiratory muscles during weaning from mechanical ventilation.
|
PURPOSE: Respiratory muscle dysfunction is a key component of weaning failure. Balancing respiratory muscle loading and unloading by applying different ventilation modes along with spontaneous breathing episodes are established weaning strategies. However, the effects of body positioning on the respiratory muscles during weaning remains unclear.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study aimed at assessing respiratory drive by surface electromyography (EMG) of the diaphragm (EMGdia) and parasternal muscles (EMGpara) in tracheotomized patients during prolonged weaning in 3 randomized body positions-supine, 30° semirecumbent, and 80° sitting-during mechanical ventilation and spontaneous breathing.RESULTS: Nine patients were included for analysis. Cardiorespiratory parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, dyspnea) did not change under each condition (all P>.05). EMGpara and EMGdia did not change under mechanical ventilation (both P>.05). EMGdia changed under spontaneous breathing from supine to sitting (0.45±0.26 vs 0.32±0.19; P=.012) and between semirecumbent to sitting (0.41±0.23 vs 0.32±0.19; P=.039), whereas EMGpara did not change.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show that body positioning influences respiratory drive to the diaphragm in tracheotomized patients with prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation during unassisted breathing. Sitting position reduces respiratory drive compared with semirecumbent and supine positioning and might therefore be favored during spontaneous breathing trials.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Diaphragm', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oximetry', 'Patient Positioning', 'Pulmonary Gas Exchange', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Muscles', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ventilator Weaning']
| 27,951,475
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A02.633.567.900.300'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100.600', 'E01.370.370.380.600', 'E01.370.386.700.100.600', 'E05.200.124.100.100.600'], ['E02.760.670', 'N02.421.585.700'], ['E01.370.386.700.650', 'G03.143.775.602', 'G09.772.705.760.602'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['A02.633.567.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E02.041.625.950', 'E02.880.820.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Toll-like receptor 3 agonist protection against experimental Francisella tularensis respiratory tract infection.
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We investigated whether Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) stimulation would protect the host from inhaled Francisella tularensis. TLR3 is expressed by respiratory epithelial cells and macrophages and can be activated by a synthetic double-stranded RNA ligand called polyinosine-polycytosine [poly(I:C)]. Thus, we evaluated poly(I:C) as a novel treatment against inhaled F. tularensis. In vivo, BALB/c mice intranasally (i.n.) treated with poly(I:C) (100 microg/mouse) 1 h before or after Schu 4 or LVS (100 CFU) i.n. challenge showed that poly(I:C) treatment significantly reduced bacterial load in the lungs (P < 0.05). Bronchoalveolar lavage from poly(I:C)-treated mice alone or combined with F. tularensis infection significantly increased cytokine secretion and enhanced neutrophil influx to lung tissues. Poly(I:C) responses were transient but significantly prolonged the survival of treated mice after i.n. F. tularensis challenge relative to mock treated animals. This prolonged survival providing a longer window for initiation of levofloxacin (LEVO) treatment (40 mg/kg). Animals treated with poly(I:C), challenged with F. tularensis, and then treated with LEVO 5 days later had 100% survival relative to 0% survival in animals receiving LEVO alone. Mechanistically, poly(I:C) given to human monocyte-derived macrophages before or after Schu 4 or LVS challenge (multiplicity of infection, 20:1) had significantly reduced intracellular bacterial replication (P < 0.05). These data suggest that poly(I:C) may represent a potential therapeutic agent against inhaled F. tularensis that prolongs survival and the opportunity to initiate standard antibiotic therapy (i.e., LEVO).
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Francisella tularensis', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Factors', 'Levofloxacin', 'Lung', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Monocytes', 'Neutrophils', 'Ofloxacin', 'Poly I-C', 'Respiratory Tract Infections', 'Survival Analysis', 'Toll-Like Receptor 3', 'Tularemia']
| 20,123,717
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['A11.251'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['B03.440.400.425.340.590', 'B03.660.250.200.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.500.500'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.500'], ['D13.695.578.550.560.600', 'D13.695.578.550.650.600'], ['C01.748', 'C08.730'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.300'], ['C01.150.252.400.900', 'C01.920.930.943']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Research plan for developing trauma core competencies for nurses in Thailand.
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The aim of this research plan was identification and development of core competencies for emergency trauma nurses in Thailand. The research plan was undertaken in three phases. Phase I: a national survey of the critical dimensions of care; Phase II: development of a 64 item tool; and Phase III: efficiency study with emergency nurses representing Level-1, Regional, Community and Rural facilities. Six dimensions of competency were identified: cooperation, decision-making, leadership, problem-solving, teamwork, and technical knowledge with a content validity index (CVI) of 1.00 and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.98 (N=485 RNs in 29 hospitals). Analysis of the first year pilot study data using a 5 point likert scale (N=285 RNs in 16 hospitals), nurses rated themselves as 4.18 (SD=0.69) and their peers at 4.00 (SD=0.68). Head nurse evaluations averaged 3.98 (SD=0.55). ANOVA demonstrated no statistical significance (p=0.09) between groups. The results of the preliminary studies demonstrated appropriateness of the core competency items, but refinement is required prior to national distribution.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Clinical Competence', 'Education, Nursing, Continuing', 'Educational Measurement', 'Emergency Nursing', 'Employee Performance Appraisal', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Needs Assessment', "Nurse's Role", 'Nursing Education Research', 'Nursing Evaluation Research', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Pilot Projects', 'Self-Assessment', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Thailand', 'Traumatology', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 20,129,437
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.358.212.450', 'I02.358.462.399'], ['I02.399'], ['H02.478.676.200', 'N02.421.533.200'], ['N04.452.677.370'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.594', 'N03.349.380.565', 'N05.300.537'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.413', 'H02.478.395.413', 'I02.358.462.612', 'N04.590.233.508.613.413'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.432', 'H02.478.395.432', 'N04.590.233.508.613.432'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['F01.752.747.792.537'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.252.145.841'], ['H02.403.810.850'], ['C26']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Nuclear matrix-like filaments and fibrogranular complexes form through the rearrangement of specific nuclear ribonucleoproteins.
|
The behavior of nuclear pre-mRNA-binding proteins after their nuclease and/or salt-induced release from RNA was investigated. After RNase digestion or salt extraction, two proteins that initially exist as tetramers (A2)(3)B1 in isolated heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) complexes quantitatively reassociated to form regular helical filaments ranging in length from 100 nm to >10 microm. In highly magnified preparations prepared for scanning transmission electron microscopy, single filaments have diameters near 18 nm. In conventional negatively stained preparations viewed at low magnification, the diameters of the thinnest filaments range from 7 to 10 nm. At protein concentrations of >0.1 mg/ml, the filaments rapidly aggregated to form thicker filamentous networks that look like the fibrogranular structures termed the "nuclear matrix." Like the residual material seen in nuclear matrix preparations, the hnRNP filaments were insoluble in 2 M NaCl. Filament formation is associated with, and may be dependent on, disulfide bridge formation between the hnRNP proteins. The reducing agent 2-mercaptoethanol significantly attenuates filament assembly, and the residual material that forms is ultrastructurally distinct from the 7- to 10-nm fibers. In addition to the protein rearrangement leading to filament formation, nearly one-third of the protein present in chromatin-clarified nuclear extracts was converted to salt-insoluble material within 1 min of digestion with RNase. These observations are consistent with the possibility that the residual material termed the nuclear matrix may be enriched in, if not formed by, denatured proteins that function in pre-mRNA packaging, processing, and transport.
|
['Actin Cytoskeleton', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Disulfides', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Rats', 'Ribonucleases', 'Ribonucleoproteins', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Solubility']
| 10,793,134
|
[['A11.284.430.214.190.750.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D08.811.277.352.700'], ['D12.776.157.725.500', 'D12.776.664.962.500'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['G02.805']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stegmann Canal Expander for canaloplasty: A novel technique.
|
INTRODUCTION: The concept of canaloplasty is to increase aqueous egress through all structures that control the aqueous outflow, such as the trabecular meshwork, Schlemm's canal, and collector channels, by viscomodulation and by placing of a suture stent into the canal. Clinical studies show canaloplasty to be safe and efficient in lowering the intraocular pressure; however, proper knotting of the tensioning suture is technically challenging and even impossible if circumferential cannulation cannot be achieved; furthermore, protrusion of the suture stent is a potential lifelong risk.METHODS: The specific design of the Stegmann Canal Expander allows a permanent expansion of the canal and distension of the trabecular meshwork. Two expanders are implanted on either side of the surgically created ostium of Schlemm's canal to treat half of the circumferential outflow system. This article describes the technique step by step, provides the clinician with surgical pearls, and highlights the management of adverse events.RESULTS: Technically, implantation of the Stegmann Canal Expander is simple and does not require a long learning curve, compared to placing and knotting a tensioning suture. Most issues are related to the two-flap dissection technique (deep sclerectomy technique) and not to implantation of the Stegmann Canal Expander. Intraocular pressure reduction without medications to the low teens can be achieved.CONCLUSIONS: The Stegmann Canal Expander is a novel micro-device that has the potential to make canaloplasty a simplified, more controlled, and reproducible surgical procedure.
|
['Glaucoma, Open-Angle', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Microscopy, Acoustic', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sclera', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Sutures', 'Tissue Expansion Devices', 'Trabecular Meshwork']
| 29,973,071
|
[['C11.525.381.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['E01.370.350.515.370', 'E01.370.350.850.565', 'E05.595.370'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A09.371.784'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['E07.858.690.820'], ['E07.695.800', 'E07.858.886'], ['A09.371.060.932']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Competitive athletes with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators-How to program? Data from the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Sports Registry.
|
BACKGROUND: Athletes with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) may require unique optimal device-based tachycardia programming.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the association of tachycardia programming characteristics of ICDs with occurrence of shocks, transient loss-of-consciousness, and death among athletes.METHODS: A subanalysis of a prospective, observational, international registry of 440 athletes with ICDs followed for a median of 44 months was performed. Programming characteristics were divided into groups for rate cutoff (very high, high, or low) and detection (long-detection interval [>nominal] or nominal). Endpoints included total, appropriate, and inappropriate shocks, transient loss-of-consciousness, and mortality.RESULTS: In this cohort, 62% were programmed with high-rate cutoff and 30% with long detection. No athlete died of an arrhythmia (related or unrelated) to ICD shocks. Three patients had sustained ventricular tachycardia below programmed detection rate, presenting as palpations and/or dizziness. ICD shocks were received by 98 athletes (64 appropriate, 32 inappropriate); 2 patients received both. Programming a high-rate cutoff was associated with decreased risk of total (P = .01) and inappropriate (P = .04) shocks overall and during competition or practice. Programming long-detection intervals was associated with fewer total shocks. Single- vs dual-chamber devices and the number of zones were unrelated to risk of shock. Transient loss-of-consciousness, associated with 27 appropriate shocks, was not related to programming characteristics.CONCLUSION: High-rate cutoff and long-detection duration programming of ICDs in athletes at risk for sudden death can reduce total and inappropriate ICD shocks without affecting survival or the incidence of transient loss-of-consciousness.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Athletes', 'Child', 'Death, Sudden, Cardiac', 'Defibrillators, Implantable', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Registries']
| 30,389,442
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.072'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C14.280.383.220', 'C23.550.260.322.250'], ['E07.305.250.159.175', 'E07.305.250.319.175', 'E07.695.202.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
MacroH2A suppresses the proliferation of the B16 melanoma cell line.
|
MacroH2A is the most frequently altered histone, which participates in cancer progression. Increasing evidence demonstrates that cancer progression could be regulated by macroH2A by affecting the cell cycle. In the present study, it was demonstrated that macroH2A suppresses melanoma cell progression and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process were examined. The interference and overexpression vectors of macroH2A were constructed and then transferred into B16 melanoma cells and, following transfection, were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assays. Apoptosis and the cell cycle stage among all the treatment groups were detected. Then, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) 4, CDK6 and CDK8 expression was detected in order to elucidate the effects of macroH2A on cell cycle-related genes. The results demonstrated that the overexpression of macroH2A suppressed melanoma cell progression and arrested the cells in the G2/M stage. Furthermore, macroH2A inhibits cyclin D1, cyclin D2, CDK6 and CDK8 expression in B16 melanoma cells. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that macroH2A, a critical component of chromatin, suppresses the development of melanoma (which results from a disordered cell cycle) through regulating cyclin D1, cyclin D3 and CDK6 genes.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cyclin D1', 'Cyclin D3', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8', 'G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints', 'Histones', 'M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints', 'Melanoma, Experimental', 'Mice', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering']
| 25,119,498
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D12.644.360.262.150.100', 'D12.776.167.218.150.100', 'D12.776.476.262.150.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.100'], ['D12.644.360.262.150.300', 'D12.776.167.218.150.300', 'D12.776.476.262.150.300'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.875', 'D12.644.360.250.451', 'D12.776.167.200.451', 'D12.776.476.250.451'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.937', 'D12.644.360.250.515', 'D12.776.167.200.515', 'D12.776.476.250.515'], ['D05.500.374.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.968', 'D12.644.360.024.309.500', 'D12.644.360.250.547', 'D12.776.157.057.072.500', 'D12.776.167.200.548', 'D12.776.476.024.388.500', 'D12.776.476.250.548', 'D12.776.660.551.500'], ['G04.144.109.500', 'G04.144.500.340.500'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['G04.144.109.750', 'G04.144.220.220.781.337', 'G05.113.220.781.338'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510.525', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510.525', 'C04.557.665.510.525', 'C04.619.600', 'E05.598.500.496.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure versus conventional herniotomy in extremely low birth weight infants.
|
PURPOSE: Laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (LPEC) has become routine for repairing pediatric inguinal hernia (IH). Reports on the effective repair of IH in challenging cases, such as extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI) who become symptomatic soon after birth and have surgery before 1 year of age, are rare; and conventional herniotomy (CH) in ELBWI requires extensive experience of neonatal surgery. We compared LPEC with CH for treating ELBWI with IH.METHODS: Consecutive ELBWI with IH treated by either LPEC (n = 17) or CH (n = 22) before 1 year of age between 2012 and 2017 were reviewed. LPEC were performed by consultant pediatric surgeons (CPS; n = 3) with experience of at least 200 cases each. In CH, 11 cases were treated by CPS and 11 by CPS-supervised surgical trainees.RESULTS: There were no intraoperative complications. Operative time and anesthesia time for bilateral IH repairs were both shorter in LPEC. Postoperative sequelae were recurrence (LPEC; n = 1; repaired by redo LPEC 2 months after the initial repair) and intravenous rehydration (CH; n = 1; for persistent post-anesthetic vomiting). Recovery was unremarkable in all cases without additional analgesia.CONCLUSION: LPEC would appear to be a viable option for treating IH in ELBWI, especially bilateral cases.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Hernia, Inguinal', 'Herniorrhaphy', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Operative Time', 'Postoperative Period', 'Recurrence', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,390,137
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.300.707.374.875'], ['E04.680.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.600.500'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['E04.614.374.500', 'N02.421.585.753.374.500'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Oesophageal varices associated with busulphan-thioguanine combination therapy for chronic myeloid leukaemia.
|
5 patients receiving continuous busulphan and 6-thioguanine for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) were found to have oesophageal varices associated with abnormal liver function tests. 3 of these cases presented with gastrointestinal haemorrhage and 1 patient died. The 2 other cases had varices discovered at endoscopy. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) of the liver was identified as the cause of portal hypertension in the 4 patients on whom liver biopsies were done. The administration of busulphan and thioguanine in combination is likely to be associated with the development of NRH, with portal hypertension and oesophageal varices occurring in a substantial proportion of cases.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Busulfan', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Esophageal and Gastric Varices', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Thioguanine']
| 2,889,964
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D02.033.455.125.125', 'D02.455.326.146.100.050.500.100', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.510.100'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C06.405.117.240', 'C06.552.494.414'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['A03.620'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.633.100.759.854']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Modified catheter for percutaneous gastrojejunostomy.
|
A catheter for gastrojejunostomy was modified to include a Cope-loop retention device in the proximal part of the catheter and multiple side holes in the distal part. The modification was made to prevent catheter dislodgment, which can lead to infusion of feeding solution into the peritoneum. The catheter has been used successfully in 71 patients, and only minor complications have been reported.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Catheterization', 'Enteral Nutrition', 'Female', 'Gastrostomy', 'Humans', 'Jejunostomy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 2,506,611
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['E02.421.360', 'E02.642.500.360'], ['E04.210.496', 'E04.579.408'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.210.338.523', 'E04.579.338.523'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The safety and efficacy of antitumour necrosis factor-alpha therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in patients post liver transplantation: a case series.
|
BACKGROUND: The role of antitumour necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF) therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among liver transplant recipients is largely unknown given the rarity of this population and the paucity of literature on the subject.AIM: To investigate the safety and efficacy of anti-TNF therapy for refractory IBD in the post liver transplant population.METHODS: The liver transplant database at London Health Sciences Centre was searched to identify adult patients with IBD treated with anti-TNF therapy post transplantation.RESULTS: Six patients (five men, one woman) were identified, aged 28-65. All patients had cadaveric orthotopic liver transplants. Four patients required transplantation due to primary sclerosing cholangitis, one due to autoimmune hepatitis, and one due to biliary atresia. Five patients suffered from Crohn's disease and the remaining patient from indeterminate colitis. All patients were treated with infliximab 5 mg/kg every 8 weeks after undergoing induction at weeks 0, 2 and 6, with the exception of one patient. The duration of infliximab therapy ranged from 8 weeks to 4 years. Four patients treated with infliximab experienced sustained improvement of their IBD symptoms post transplantation, as documented by Harvey-Bradshaw Index scores demonstrating clinical remission. Of the remaining two patients, neither had sustained improvement of their IBD with infliximab or subsequent adalimumab. One patient was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and another with colorectal adenocarcinoma following anti-TNF therapy. Otherwise, no side effects were attributed to anti-TNF therapy.CONCLUSIONS: Based on this case series, anti-TNF therapy appears to be safe and effective for treating refractory IBD in patients post liver transplantation. These patients respond to anti-TNF therapy similar to those who have not been previously transplanted.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Agents', 'Humans', 'Inflammatory Bowel Diseases', 'Infliximab', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 22,616,981
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D27.505.954.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.205.731', 'C06.405.469.432'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.608', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.537', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.642'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Reducing childhood obesity through U.S. federal policy: a microsimulation analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity prevalence remains high in the U.S., especially among racial/ethnic minorities and low-income populations. Federal policy is important in improving public health given its broad reach. Information is needed about federal policies that could reduce childhood obesity rates and by how much.PURPOSE: To estimate the impact of three federal policies on childhood obesity prevalence in 2032, after 20 years of implementation.METHODS: Criteria were used to select the three following policies to reduce childhood obesity from 26 recommended policies: afterschool physical activity programs, a $0.01/ounce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) excise tax, and a ban on child-directed fast food TV advertising. For each policy, the literature was reviewed from January 2000 through July 2012 to find evidence of effectiveness and create average effect sizes. In 2012, a Markov microsimulation model estimated each policy's impact on diet or physical activity, and then BMI, in a simulated school-aged population in 2032.RESULTS: The microsimulation predicted that afterschool physical activity programs would reduce obesity the most among children aged 6-12 years (1.8 percentage points) and the advertising ban would reduce obesity the least (0.9 percentage points). The SSB excise tax would reduce obesity the most among adolescents aged 13-18 years (2.4 percentage points). All three policies would reduce obesity more among blacks and Hispanics than whites, with the SSB excise tax reducing obesity disparities the most.CONCLUSIONS: All three policies would reduce childhood obesity prevalence by 2032. However, a national $0.01/ounce SSB excise tax is the best option.
|
['Adolescent', 'Carbonated Beverages', 'Child', 'Female', 'Health Policy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Pediatric Obesity', 'Prevalence', 'Program Evaluation', 'School Health Services', 'Taxes', 'United States']
| 25,175,764
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['G07.203.100.300', 'J02.200.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['C18.654.726.500.720', 'C23.888.144.699.500.750', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['N02.421.726.809'], ['N03.219.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
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