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Neurotoxicology and development: human, environmental and social impacts.
|
The 12th International symposium of the Scientific Committee on Neurotoxicology and Psychophysiology, International Commission on Occupational Health was held in Cape Town, South Africa on March 24-27, 2013. Reflecting the meeting aiming to build greater focus on challenges facing working populations and communities in developing countries, the Symposium theme was Neurotoxicology and Development: Human, Environmental and Social Impacts. A total of 23 countries were represented with strong participation from 5 African countries. In addition to the more traditional topics of these Symposia, like metal, solvents and pesticides neurotoxicity, the conference embraced several new themes including affective disorders arising from chemical exposure, neurodevelopmental impacts in early life and novel approaches to genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for the assessment of neurotoxic impact. The theme of the conference prompted extensive discussions, which have laid the basis for a number of new directions for research, advocacy and capacity building to prevent and manage chemical neurotoxicity in workplace and community settings across the globe.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Congresses as Topic', 'Developing Countries', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Humans', 'Neurotoxicity Syndromes', 'Socioeconomic Factors']
| 25,124,738
|
[['D23.101'], ['N03.540.199'], ['I01.615.500.300'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.720', 'C25.723.705'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mid-infrared fiber-coupled photoacoustic sensor for biomedical applications.
|
Biomedical devices employed in therapy, diagnostics and for self-monitoring often require a high degree of flexibility and compactness. Many near infrared (NIR) optical fiber-coupled systems meet these requirements and are employed on a daily basis. However, mid-infrared (MIR) fibers-based systems have not yet found their way to routine application in medicine. In this work we present the implementation of the first MIR fiber-coupled photoacoustic sensor for the investigation of condensed samples in the MIR fingerprint region. The light of an external-cavity quantum-cascade laser (1010-1095 cm(-1)) is delivered by a silver halide fiber, which is attached to the PA cell. The PA chamber is conically shaped to perfectly match the beam escaping the fiber and to minimize the cell volume. This results in a compact and handy sensor for investigations of biological samples and the monitoring of constituents both in vitro and in vivo. The performance of the fiber-coupled PA sensor is demonstrated by sensing glucose in aqueous solutions. These measurements yield a detection limit of 57 mg/dL (SNR = 1). Furthermore, the fiber-coupled sensor has been applied to record human skin spectra at different body sites to illustrate its flexibility.
|
['Absorption', 'Biomedical Technology', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Infrared Rays', 'Optical Fibers', 'Photoacoustic Techniques', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Skin', 'Solutions', 'Vibration']
| 23,282,584
|
[['G01.015', 'G02.010', 'G03.015', 'G03.787.024', 'G07.690.725.015'], ['J01.897.120.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.552', 'G01.590.540.552', 'G01.750.250.650.552', 'G01.750.770.578.552', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.400', 'G16.500.750.775.525.400', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.400'], ['E07.632.750'], ['E01.370.565', 'E05.696'], ['L01.224.800'], ['A17.815'], ['D26.776'], ['G01.374.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Health literacy and health care spending and utilization in a consumer-driven health plan.
|
We examined health literacy and health care spending and utilization by linking responses of three health literacy questions to 2006 claims data of enrollees new to consumer-driven health plans (n = 4,130). Better health literacy on all four health literacy measures (three item responses and their sum) was associated with lower total health care spending, specifically, lower emergency department and inpatient admission spending (p < .05). Similarly, fewer inpatient admissions and emergency department visits were associated with higher adequate health literacy scores and better self-reports of the ability to read and learn about medical conditions (p-value <.05). Members with lower health literacy scores appear to use services more appropriate for advanced health conditions, although office visit rates were similar across the range of health literacy scores.
|
['Community Participation', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'European Union', 'Health Benefit Plans, Employee', 'Health Expenditures', 'Health Literacy', 'Health Policy', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Office Visits', 'Social Responsibility']
| 21,951,260
|
[['N02.421.143.212', 'N03.540.245.360'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['I01.615.500.475'], ['N01.824.417.700.325', 'N03.219.521.576.343.290', 'N04.452.677.800.325'], ['N03.219.151.450', 'N05.300.385'], ['I02.233.332.186.500', 'L01.143.450.500', 'N02.421.726.407.229.500'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.452.758.635'], ['F01.829.500.760', 'K01.752.566.869']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cells derived from adult rat spinal cord: in vitro characteristics and response to PDGF, bFGF and NT-3.
|
We have analysed in detail the properties of oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cells derived from the spinal cords of adult rats to gain further insights into the mechanisms that control the generation of oligodendrocytes in the healthy and demyelinated adult central nervous systems (CNS). When O-2A progenitor cells from adult spinal cord are exposed in vitro to the AA homodimeric form of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AA), they express a unipolar morphology, an O4-positive, vimentin-negative antigenic phenotype, divide at slow rates, and appear to generate oligodendrocytes by asymmetric division and differentiation. Furthermore, exposure of these cells to PDGF-AA is sufficient to stimulate their proliferation at clonal density. When adult spinal cord O-2A progenitor cells are exposed simultaneously to PDGF-AA and basic fibroblast growth factor (PDGF/bFGF), they are almost completely inhibited from differentiating into oligodendrocytes, divide more rapidly than cells treated with PDGF-AA, and express a bipolar morphology and an O4-negative, vimentin-positive antigenic phenotype. These findings indicate that adult spinal cord O-2A progenitor cells resemble in many aspects their well-characterised adult optic nerve counterparts. In addition, evidence is presented to indicate that neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is not mitogenic for adult spinal cord O-2A progenitor cells and that it does not enhance their proliferative response to PDGF-AA or PDGF/bFGF. Since relatively large numbers of O-2A progenitor cells can be obtained from adult spinal cord, it should facilitate the further characterisation of these cells.
|
['Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Polarity', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Growth Substances', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'Neurotrophin 3', 'Oligodendroglia', 'Optic Nerve', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Spinal Cord', 'Stem Cells']
| 8,787,770
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G04.250'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['D27.505.696.377'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.644.276.860', 'D12.776.467.860', 'D12.776.631.600', 'D23.529.850'], ['D12.644.276.860.775', 'D12.776.467.860.775', 'D12.776.631.600.775', 'D23.529.850.775'], ['A08.637.600', 'A11.650.600'], ['A08.800.800.120.680'], ['D12.644.276.910', 'D12.776.124.625', 'D12.776.467.910', 'D23.529.910'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A08.186.854'], ['A11.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High-performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis of neutral lipids and phospholipids in Biomphalaria glabrata patently infected with Echinostoma caproni.
|
This study examined the effects of larval trematode infection on the neutral lipid and phospholipid content of Biomphalaria glabrata patently infected with the daughter rediae of Echinostoma caproni. Uninfected snails were used as matched controls. As determined by qualitative high-performance silica gel thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), the major neutral lipids present in the whole bodies and digestive gland-gonad complexes in both snail populations were free sterols, free fatty acids, and triacylglycerols, and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Quantitative analysis by HPTLC with visible and UV scanning reflectance densitometry showed no significant differences in the concentrations of these lipids in whole bodies of infected snails vs the controls, but the concentration of triacylglycerols in the infected digestive gland-gonad complex was significantly less than that of the uninfected. No qualitative differences in neutral lipids and phospholipids in shell or plasma samples were found between infected vs uninfected snails.
|
['Animals', 'Biomphalaria', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Echinostoma', 'Echinostomiasis', 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Parasitic Diseases, Animal']
| 16,583,202
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.644.400.750.185'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715.360.310'], ['C01.610.335.865.282'], ['G16.527.200.400'], ['D10.570'], ['C01.610.701', 'C22.674']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The contribution of school breaks to the all-day physical activity of 9- and 10-year-old overweight and non-overweight children.
|
OBJECTIVES: This study examines whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), in at least 30-min school breaks (SB), helps to achieve the health-related amount of daily physical activity (PA) and whether these exercises influence after-school PA.METHODS: The ActiTrainer-based PA was monitored over two school days in 239 children aged from 9 to 10 (57.3% female; 20.1% overweight, and 19.2% obese), in Katowice, in February 2010. PA was assessed based on steps, heart rate, and duration of PA.RESULTS: MVPA, for 30 min during SB, represented an average of 1,258 steps for overweight girls and 1,620 steps for boys, and 1,336 steps for non-overweight girls and 1,758 steps for boys. Children with 30 min of MVPA during SB attained a higher daily amount of steps (p < 0.001) and duration of overall PA (p < 0.01), in comparison with less physically active children.CONCLUSION: The daily 30 min of MVPA during SB amounts to 12.5% of the overall number of steps for girls and 16.3% for boys, thus contributing to higher school PA and overall PA and leading to the achievement of the health-related minimum of PA.
|
['Child', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Leisure Activities', 'Male', 'Overweight', 'Physical Education and Training', 'Poland', 'Schools', 'Time Factors']
| 22,415,372
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I03.450'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['I02.233.543'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Association of serum ferritin levels with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in postmenopausal women.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between serum ferritin levels and the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in postmenopausal women.METHODS: Two hundred and forty-one postmenopausal women who participated in a heath examination program were enrolled in the present study. Serum ferritin tertiles were categorized as follows: T1, ?46.4 ng/ml; T2, 46.5-76.1 ng/ml; and T3, ?76.2 ng/ml. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for NAFLD were calculated after adjusting for confounding variables across serum ferritin tertiles using multiple logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 41.4% and was significantly increased in accordance with the serum ferritin tertiles as follows: 30.0% for T1, 40.7% for T2, and 54.3% for T3, respectively. As compared with the lowest tertile, the OR (95% CI) for NAFLD in the highest tertile was 2.69 (1.16-5.28) after adjusting for age, body mass index, regular exercise, mean arterial pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and leukocyte count.CONCLUSION: The serum ferritin level was positively and independently associated with NAFLD in postmenopausal women and could be a useful additional measure in assessing the risk of NAFLD in postmenopausal women.
|
['Aged', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Ferritins', 'Humans', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Logistic Models', 'Middle Aged', 'Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'Postmenopause', 'Prevalence', 'Republic of Korea', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 30,106,314
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['D12.776.157.427.249', 'D12.776.556.579.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.552.241.519'], ['G08.686.157.500.625', 'G08.686.841.249.500.625'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Intercellular induction of apoptosis signalling pathways.
|
Intercellular signalling plays an important role in the progression of a transformed cell to a tumour. In order to characterise the underlying mechanisms, a well-defined model cell system of intercellular induction of apoptosis was used where neighbouring normal cells can selectively eliminate transformed cells. In the absence of non-transformed cells, the induction of apoptosis in transformed 208Fsrc3 cells occurs via autocrine destruction and is dominated by peroxidase (PO), which initiates the PO/hypochlorous acid signalling pathway at high local cell densities. However, when the transformed cells are co-cultured with the non-transformed 208F cells, apoptosis in transformed cells additionally occurs as a result of intercellular signalling with the non-transformed cells and is predominantly due to the production of nitric oxide (NO(•)), which initiates the NO(•)/peroxynitrite pathway.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Fibroblasts', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Rats', 'Signal Transduction']
| 21,113,059
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of 1-chloro-2-formyl indenes and tetralenes as novel antistaphylococcal agents exhibiting sortase A inhibition.
|
Tetralene and indene compounds have shown inhibitory activity against human pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Their potential use as antistaphylococcal agent against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has not been explored so far. We determined in vitro antistaphylococcal activity and mechanism of action of these compounds as sortase A inhibitors through in silico analysis followed by biological assays. Tetralene and indene series were tested against S. aureus strains MTCC96, MRSA, and VA30. Three compounds showed significant reduction in MIC in both wild-type and drug-resistant S. aureus strains. In silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity analysis of identified leads and cytotoxicity testing with colorimetric method using Vero and WRL-68 cell lines showed no significant cytotoxic effects. Molecular docking of these molecules with sortase A (PDB: 2KID) showed H-bond interaction with functional site residue Arg197 of sortase A. Sortase A inhibition assay was developed by expressing SrtA?N from S. aureus strain MTCC96. Tetralene and indene compounds were found to have sortase A inhibitory potential. S. aureus strain MTCC96 treated with these compounds showed surface-sorting inhibition of fibronectin-binding protein and reduction in adherence to host extracellular matrix protein, fibronectin. 1-Chloro, 2-formyl, 6-methoxy, 1-tetralene (Tet-5), 1,5-dichloro, 2-formyl, 1-indene (Tet-20) and 1-chloro, 2-formyl, 5,6-methylenedioxy, and 1-indene (Tet-21) exhibited antistaphylococcal activity along with sortase A inhibition. The results also indicate the possible role of these leads in other reactions essential for cell viability.
|
['Aminoacyltransferases', 'Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'Computational Biology', 'Cysteine Endopeptidases', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Indenes', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Staphylococcus aureus']
| 23,817,664
|
[['D08.811.913.050.200'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D12.776.097'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.346'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.486', 'D04.615.486'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 1
| 1
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|
Involvement of protein kinase C in C5a-primed neutrophils for ANCA-mediated activation.
|
C5a and the neutrophil C5a receptor play a central role in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-mediated neutrophil recruitment and activation. Our recent study found that activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) are all important steps in the translocation of ANCA antigens by C5a-mediated priming and activation of neutrophils. The current study further investigated the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway of C5a-mediated neutrophils for ANCA-induced activation. The effect of the PKC inhibitor (bisindolylmaleimide I, BIS) was tested on respiratory burst and degranulation of C5a-primed neutrophils activated with ANCA, as well as on C5a-induced increase in expression of PR3 and MPO. For C5a-primed neutrophils for MPO-ANCA-induced respiratory burst, the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) value was 369.8±18.8, which decreased to 308.3±14.2 upon pre-incubation with BIS (P<0.001). For PR3-ANCA-positive IgG, the MFI value increased in C5a-primed neutrophils, which decreased upon pre-incubation with BIS. The lactoferrin concentration increased from 414.8±26.9 ng/ml in the non-primed neutrophils supernatant to 1099.8±80.7 ng/ml in C5a-primed neutrophils induced by MPO-ANCA-positive IgG supernatant (P<0.001), and decreased to 814.5±45.3 ng/ml upon pre-incubation with BIS (P<0.01). The lactoferrin concentration also increased in C5a-primed neutrophils induced by PR3-ANCA-positive IgG supernatant and decreased upon pre-incubation with BIS. Membrane expression of PR3 (mPR3) expression increased from 788.0±87.5 in untreated cells to 1071.3±81.3 after C5a treatment and decreased to 827.3±48.1 by BIS (P<0.05). Activation of PKC is an important step in the translocation of ANCA antigens and C5a-induced activation of neutrophils by ANCA.
|
['Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic', 'Cell Degranulation', 'Cell Respiration', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Complement C5a', 'Humans', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Myeloblastin', 'Neutrophils', 'Peroxidase', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Protein Transport']
| 23,201,854
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.190', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.190', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.190', 'D23.101.050'], ['G04.468.160'], ['G03.197', 'G04.270'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.024.270', 'D12.776.124.486.274.450.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.530', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.530'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['G03.143.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Treatment of depression in type 2 diabetic patients: effects on depressive symptoms, quality of life and metabolic control.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) almost doubles the risk of comorbid depression, with lifetime prevalence up to 29%. Recognition and treatment of depression in T2DM are important because of its association with hyperglycemia, diabetic complications and poor quality of life (QoL). However, although currently available medical therapy for depression is effective in reducing depressive symptoms, it does not consistently improve HbA1c levels. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of antidepressant therapy on depressive symptoms, health-related QoL and metabolic control in T2DM.METHODS: 48 T2DM (47.8% males, age 59.8 ± 11.1, T2DM duration 9.5 ± 6.5 years) who had a major depressive disorder diagnosed with a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) test score greater than 16 and confirmed with a structured interview, were prescribed citalopram 20mg once daily. 10 out of 48 refused the prescription and were used as controls. BDI score, BMI, HbA1c and the Spanish version of the SF-36 Health Survey were recorded baseline and after 6 months of treatment. Sociodemographic characteristics, complications related to T2DM and comorbidities were also recorded.RESULTS: No differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the two groups. When compared with the untreated group (n=10), patients treated with citalopram (n=38) showed significant improvements in BDI score and in almost all areas of quality of life, except in general health and bodily pain. No differences in HbA1c, waist circumference or BMI were found.CONCLUSIONS: Treating depressive symptoms with medical therapy in T2DM is associated with improvements in QoL and depression, but with no improvement in metabolic control or weight.
|
['Aged', 'Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation', 'Citalopram', 'Depression', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Life', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,800,573
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122.050'], ['D02.092.831.170', 'D02.626.320', 'D03.633.100.127.187'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of celastrol, a triterpene with antitumorigenic activity, on conformational and functional aspects of the human 90kDa heat shock protein Hsp90á, a chaperone implicated in the stabilization of the tumor phenotype.
|
BACKGROUND: Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone essential for cell viability in eukaryotes that is associated with the maturation of proteins involved in important cell functions and implicated in the stabilization of the tumor phenotype of various cancers, making this chaperone a notably interesting therapeutic target. Celastrol is a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid compound with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities; however, celastrol's action mode is still elusive.RESULTS: In this work, we investigated the effect of celastrol on the conformational and functional aspects of Hsp90á. Interestingly, celastrol appeared to target Hsp90á directly as the compound induced the oligomerization of the chaperone via the C-terminal domain as demonstrated by experiments using a deletion mutant. The nature of the oligomers was investigated by biophysical tools demonstrating that a two-fold excess of celastrol induced the formation of a decameric Hsp90á bound throughout the C-terminal domain. When bound, celastrol destabilized the C-terminal domain. Surprisingly, standard chaperone functional investigations demonstrated that neither the in vitro chaperone activity of protecting against aggregation nor the ability to bind a TPR co-chaperone, which binds to the C-terminus of Hsp90á, were affected by celastrol.CONCLUSION: Celastrol interferes with specific biological functions of Hsp90á. Our results suggest a model in which celastrol binds directly to the C-terminal domain of Hsp90á causing oligomerization. However, the ability to protect against protein aggregation (supported by our results) and to bind to TPR co-chaperones are not affected by celastrol. Therefore celastrol may act primarily by inducing specific oligomerization that affects some, but not all, of the functions of Hsp90á.GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first work to use multiple probes to investigate the effect that celastrol has on the stability and oligomerization of Hsp90á and on the binding of this chaperone to Tom70. This work provides a novel mechanism by which celastrol binds Hsp90á.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Humans', 'Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Neoplasms', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Multimerization', 'Protein Stability', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Triterpenes']
| 24,954,307
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['D12.776.580.216.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.585.475', 'D12.776.575.750'], ['D12.776.624'], ['C04'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.694'], ['G02.111.700'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D02.455.849.919']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Adolescent pathways to adult smoking: ethnic identity, peer substance use, and antisocial behavior.
|
African-Americans and Puerto Ricans were interviewed during adolescence, in their early twenties, and then again in their mid-twenties. Results indicated that earlier adolescent smoking, family conflict, and weak ethnic identity were significantly related to antisocial behavior, which in turn was related to associating with friends who smoked and/or used illegal drugs, and ultimately, to their own smoking. Results further indicate that early interventions in the development of tobacco use should focus on decreasing parental and adolescent smoking and parent-child conflict. If intervention occurs at a later time point, the emphasis should be on increasing ethnic identity and decreasing antisocial behavior. (Am J Addict 2010;00:1-9).
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Adult', 'African Americans', 'Age Factors', 'Age of Onset', 'Drug Users', 'Family Conflict', 'Female', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Peer Group', 'Smoking', 'Social Behavior Disorders', 'Social Identification']
| 20,163,390
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['M01.169'], ['F01.829.263.370.054', 'F01.829.401.142'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.316.483'], ['F01.145.805'], ['I01.880.735.784'], ['F01.145.813.708']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[p35 and p25 expressions and Cdk5 kinase activity in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons with X-ray exposure].
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the expressions of p35 and p25 and Cdk5 kinase activity in cultured rats hippocampal neurons following X-ray exposure to provide experimental evidence for prevention and treatment of radiation encephalopathy.METHODS: The hippocampal neurons cultured for 12 days were subjected to a single-dose X-ray exposure of 30 Gy. Western blotting was used to detect the p35 and p25 protein levels, and the effect of pretreatment with roscovitine, a Cdk5 inhibitor, on the apoptosis of the hippocampal neurons following the exposure was examined with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining.RESULTS: The protein level of p35 increased significantly 3.5 and 4 h after the irradiation by 1.51-/+0.13 and 1.45-/+0.14 folds in comparison with the control level, respectively (P<0.01), and the p25 level increased significantly 6 h after irradiation by 1.62-/+0.28 folds (P<0.05). Nuclear condensation occurred in (24.8-/+3.97)% of the neurons 24 h after 30 Gy X-ray exposure, a rate significantly higher than that in the nonexposed cells [(1.82-/+1.08)%, P<0.01) and that in roscovitine-pretreated neurons [(7.74-/+2.27)%, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: X-ray exposure activates Cdk5 by increasing the p35 and p25 expressions in rat hippocampal neurons, and inhibition of Cdk5 activity with roscovitine can significantly protect the neurons from apoptosis.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5', 'Female', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Neurons', 'Phosphotransferases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 19,304,511
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.500.500', 'D12.644.360.250.067.875', 'D12.776.167.200.067.875', 'D12.776.476.250.067.875'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D08.811.913.696'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of XRCC2 and RAD51B mutations on somatic and meiotic recombination in Arabidopsis thaliana.
|
Homologous recombination is key to the maintenance of genome integrity and the creation of genetic diversity. At the mechanistic level, recombination involves the invasion of a homologous DNA template by broken DNA ends, repair of the break and exchange of genetic information between the two DNA molecules. Invasion of the template in eukaryotic cells is catalysed by the RAD51 and DMC1 recombinases, assisted by a number of accessory proteins, including the RAD51 paralogues. Eukaryotic genomes encode a variable number of RAD51 paralogues, ranging from two in yeast to five in animals and plants. The RAD51 paralogues form at least two distinct protein complexes, believed to play roles in the assembly and stabilization of the RAD51-DNA nucleofilament. Somatic recombination assays and immunocytology confirm that the three 'non-meiotic' paralogues of Arabidopsis, RAD51B, RAD51D and XRCC2, are involved in somatic homologous recombination, and that they are not required for the formation of radioinduced RAD51 foci. Given the presence of all five proteins in meiotic cells, the apparent absence of a meiotic role for RAD51B, RAD51D and XRCC2 is surprising, and perhaps simply the result of a more subtle meiotic phenotype in the mutants. Analysis of meiotic recombination confirms this, showing that the absence of XRCC2, and to a lesser extent RAD51B, but not RAD51D, increases rates of meiotic crossing over. The roles of RAD51B and XRCC2 in recombination are thus not limited to mitotic cells.
|
['Animals', 'Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Bleomycin', 'Cell Nucleus', 'DNA, Plant', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Homologous Recombination', 'INDEL Mutation', 'Meiosis', 'Mitosis', 'Phenotype', 'Plant Roots', 'Rad51 Recombinase']
| 23,521,529
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['D09.400.420.110', 'D12.644.233.110'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['D13.444.308.435'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.728.615'], ['G05.365.590.500', 'G05.558.370'], ['G04.144.220.220.687', 'G05.113.220.687'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['G05.695'], ['A18.400'], ['D08.811.739.650.500', 'D12.776.260.695', 'D12.776.313.968']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hypogalactosylation of immunoglobulin G in rheumatoid arthritis: relationship to HLA-DRB1 shared epitope, anticitrullinated protein antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and correlation with inflammatory activity.
|
BACKGROUND: Galactosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is reduced in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and assumed to correlate with inflammation and altered humoral immunity. IgG hypogalactosylation also increases with age. To investigate dependencies in more detail, we compared IgG hypogalactosylation between patients with RA, patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), and healthy control subjects (HC), and we studied it in RA on the background of HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE), anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), and/or rheumatoid factor (RF) status.METHODS: Patients with RA (n = 178), patients with axSpA (n = 126), and HC (n = 119) were characterized clinically, and serum IgG galactosylation was determined by capillary electrophoresis. Markers of disease activity, genetic susceptibility, and serologic response included C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), DAS28, SE, HLA-B27, ACPA, and RF. Expression of glycosylation enzymes, including beta 1-4 galactosyltransferase (B4GALT3) activity, were estimated from transcriptome data for B-cell development (GSE19599) and differentiation to plasma cells (GSE12366).RESULTS: IgG hypogalactosylation was restricted to RA and associated with increasing CRP levels (p < 0.0001). In axSpA, IgG hypogalactosylation was comparable to HC and only marginally increased upon elevated CRP. Restriction to RA was maintained after correction for CRP and age. Treatment with sulfasalazine resulted in significantly reduced IgG hypogalactosylation (p = 0.003) even after adjusting for age, sex, and CRP (p = 0.009). SE-negative/ACPA-negative RA exhibited significantly less IgG hypogalactosylation than all other strata (vs SE-negative/ACPA-positive, p = 0.009; vs SE-positive/ACPA-negative, p = 0.04; vs SE-positive/ACPA-positive, p < 0.02); however, this indicated a trend only after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. In SE-positive/ACPA-negative RA IgG hypogalactosylation was comparable to ACPA-positive subsets. The relationship between IgG hypogalactosylation and disease activity was significantly different between strata defined by SE (CRP, p = 0.0003, pBonferroni = 0.0036) and RF (CRP, p < 0.0001, pBonferroni < 0.0012), whereas ACPA strata revealed only a nonsignificant trend (p = 0.15). Gene expression data indicated that the key enzyme for galactosylation of immunoglobulins, B4GALT3, is expressed at lower levels in B cells than in plasma cells.CONCLUSIONS: Increased IgG hypogalactosylation in RA but not in axSpA points to humoral immune response as a precondition. Reduced B4GALT3 expression in B cells compared with plasma cells supports relatedness to early B-cell triggering. The differential influence of RA treatment on IgG hypogalactosylation renders it a potential diagnostic target for further studies.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Autoantibodies', 'Biomarkers', 'Citrullination', 'Epitopes', 'Female', 'Galactose', 'HLA-DRB1 Chains', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rheumatoid Factor']
| 29,540,200
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['D23.101'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.300', 'G02.111.691.600.300', 'G03.734.871.790.600.300', 'G05.308.670.600.300'], ['D23.050.550'], ['D09.947.875.359.377'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440.200.010', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440.333.500', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440.333.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D23.469'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.732', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.732', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.732']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Deep transfer learning-based hologram classification for molecular diagnostics.
|
Lens-free digital in-line holography (LDIH) is a promising microscopic tool that overcomes several drawbacks (e.g., limited field of view) of traditional lens-based microcopy. However, extensive computation is required to reconstruct object images from the complex diffraction patterns produced by LDIH. This limits LDIH utility for point-of-care applications, particularly in resource limited settings. We describe a deep transfer learning (DTL) based approach to process LDIH images in the context of cellular analyses. Specifically, we captured holograms of cells labeled with molecular-specific microbeads and trained neural networks to classify these holograms without reconstruction. Using raw holograms as input, the trained networks were able to classify individual cells according to the number of cell-bound microbeads. The DTL-based approach including a VGG19 pretrained network showed robust performance with experimental data. Combined with the developed DTL approach, LDIH could be realized as a low-cost, portable tool for point-of-care diagnostics.
|
['Algorithms', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Deep Learning', 'Holography', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Machine Learning', 'Neoplasms', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Pathology, Molecular', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 30,451,953
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D23.101.140'], ['G17.035.250.500.250', 'G17.485.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530.250', 'L01.224.050.375.605.500'], ['E01.370.350.400.500', 'E01.370.350.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['L01.224.308'], ['G17.035.250.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530'], ['C04'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['H01.158.201.636.475.750', 'H01.158.273.343.595.475.750', 'H01.181.122.650.475.680', 'H02.403.650.505'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid in the loss of substance with bone exposure.
|
OBJECTIVE: : In lower-extremity surgery, the complex wound with bone exposure remains a challenging problem for the plastic surgeon. The purpose of this study was to describe a new therapeutic approach to stimulate the regeneration of the lower-extremity complex wounds based on a combined treatment composed of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) dressing.DESIGN: : Wounds with posttraumatic bone exposure have been treated with HA dressing alone or in combination with PRP.PATIENT: : Fifteen patients affected by lower-extremity wound with posttraumatic bone exposure have been treated at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.RESULTS: : After a single treatment, the authors observed that the mean re-epithelialization time was 8.1 weeks in 73.3% patients treated with PRP and HA dressing versus the 30% patients treated with HA dressing only.CONCLUSION: : These data confirm the evidence of using PRP technology in the healing of both soft- and hard-tissue wounds. Moreover, the satisfaction of the patient confirms the quality of this study's results.
|
['Bandages', 'Blood Platelets', 'Bone and Bones', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Leg', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Platelet-Rich Plasma', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Surgery, Plastic', 'Viscosupplements', 'Wound Healing', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 21,422,842
|
[['E07.101'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.698.373.475'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A12.207.152.693.600', 'A12.207.270.695.600', 'A15.145.693.600'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['H02.403.810.788'], ['D27.505.696.706.888', 'D27.720.556.500', 'D27.720.944.500'], ['G16.762.891'], ['C26']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Memory functioning and negative symptoms as differential predictors of social problem solving skills in schizophrenia.
|
BACKGROUND: Neurocognition in general, and memory functioning in particular, as well as symptoms have all been shown to be related to social problem solving (SPS) in schizophrenia. However, few studies have directly compared the relative contribution of neurocognition vs. psychiatric symptoms to the components of SPS.METHOD: Sixty outpatients (aged 21-65) who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were administered a broad battery of memory tests and assessed for severity of positive and negative symptoms as part of a baseline assessment of a study of psychiatric rehabilitation. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the contribution of memory functioning vs. symptoms on receiving, processing, and sending skill areas of social problem solving ability.RESULTS: An index of verbal learning was the strongest predictor of processing skills whereas negative symptoms were the strongest predictor of sending skills. Positive symptoms were not related to any of the three skill areas of social problem solving.CONCLUSIONS: Memory functioning and psychiatric symptoms differentially predict selected areas of social problem solving ability in persons with schizophrenia. Consistent with other reports, positive symptoms were not related to social problem solving. Consideration of both neurocognition and negative symptoms may be important to the development of rehabilitation interventions in this area of functioning.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Problem Solving', 'Psychotic Disorders', 'Regression Analysis', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Social Behavior', 'Verbal Learning', 'Young Adult']
| 23,235,142
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['F02.463.425.725', 'F02.463.785.810'], ['F03.700.675'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824'], ['F01.145.813'], ['F02.463.425.952'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Large-scale computational and statistical analyses of high transcription potentialities in 32 prokaryotic genomes.
|
This article compares 32 bacterial genomes with respect to their high transcription potentialities. The sigma70 promoter has been widely studied for Escherichia coli model and a consensus is known. Since transcriptional regulations are known to compensate for promoter weakness (i.e. when the promoter similarity with regard to the consensus is rather low), predicting functional promoters is a hard task. Instead, the research work presented here comes within the scope of investigating potentially high ORF expression, in relation with three criteria: (i) high similarity to the sigma70 consensus (namely, the consensus variant appropriate for each genome), (ii) transcription strength reinforcement through a supplementary binding site--the upstream promoter (UP) element--and (iii) enhancement through an optimal Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence. We show that in the AT-rich Firmicutes' genomes, frequencies of potentially strong sigma70-like promoters are exceptionally high. Besides, though they contain a low number of strong promoters (SPs), some genomes may show a high proportion of promoters harbouring an UP element. Putative SPs of lesser quality are more frequently associated with an UP element than putative strong promoters of better quality. A meaningful difference is statistically ascertained when comparing bacterial genomes with similarly AT-rich genomes generated at random; the difference is the highest for Firmicutes. Comparing some Firmicutes genomes with similarly AT-rich Proteobacteria genomes, we confirm the Firmicutes specificity. We show that this specificity is neither explained by AT-bias nor genome size bias; neither does it originate in the abundance of optimal SD sequences, a typical and significant feature of Firmicutes more thoroughly analysed in our study.
|
['AT Rich Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Computational Biology', 'Consensus Sequence', 'DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Enhancer Elements, Genetic', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Genomics', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Sigma Factor', 'Thermotoga maritima', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 18,440,978
|
[['G02.111.570.080.040', 'G05.360.080.040'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['G02.111.570.580.175'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330', 'G05.360.080.689.330', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.930.800'], ['B03.440.425.410.748.500'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Patients' knowledge of diabetes five years after the end of an educational program].
|
We present a cross-sectional study that aims to describe the sociodemographic and clinical conditions of individuals with diabetes mellitus and to analyze their knowledge of treatment five years after the end of an educational program in which they took part. In 2010, 40 individuals who had participated in a diabetes educational program for 12 months in 2005 at a primary care service were interviewed. A form was used for data collection that included their knowledge of the notion, physiopathology, and treatment of the disease; exercise; nutrition; foot care; self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose at home; hypoglycemia; chronic complications; special situations; and family support. The results showed that the volunteers incorporated the information about the notion, physiopathology, and treatment of the disease; exercise; foot care; self-monitoring; care associated with hypoglycemia; chronic complications; and special situations. In contrast, nutrition and family support require further reinforcement. It is concluded that five years after the end of the educational program, the participants kept most of the information provided.
|
['Aged', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Time Factors']
| 24,346,454
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of consumption of pomegranate juice on carotid intima-media thickness in men and women at moderate risk for coronary heart disease.
|
This randomized, double-blind, parallel trial assessed the influence of pomegranate juice consumption on anterior and posterior carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) progression rates in subjects at moderate risk for coronary heart disease. Subjects were men (45 to 74 years old) and women (55 to 74 years old) with > or =1 major coronary heart disease risk factor and baseline posterior wall CIMT 0.7 to 2.0 mm, without significant stenosis. Participants consumed 240 ml/day of pomegranate juice (n = 146) or a control beverage (n = 143) for up to 18 months. No significant difference in overall CIMT progression rate was observed between pomegranate juice and control treatments. In exploratory analyses, in subjects in the most adverse tertiles for baseline serum lipid peroxides, triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, TGs/HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein-B100, those in the pomegranate juice group had significantly less anterior wall and/or composite CIMT progression versus control subjects. In conclusion, these results suggest that in subjects at moderate coronary heart disease risk, pomegranate juice consumption had no significant effect on overall CIMT progression rate but may have slowed CIMT progression in subjects with increased oxidative stress and disturbances in the TG-rich lipoprotein/HDL axis.
|
['Aged', 'Antioxidants', 'Beverages', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Carotid Stenosis', 'Coronary Disease', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Flavonoids', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Lythraceae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phenols', 'Phytotherapy', 'Polyphenols', 'Reference Values', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tunica Intima', 'Tunica Media']
| 19,766,760
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['C10.228.140.300.200.360', 'C14.907.137.230', 'C14.907.253.123.360'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.833.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['E02.190.755'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.715', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260.777'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A07.015.700'], ['A07.015.733']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The levels of evidence in pediatric orthopaedic journals: where are we now?
|
BACKGROUND: In recent years, it has become common to publish a level of evidence grading for orthopaedic journal publications. Our primary research question is: is there an improvement in levels of evidence of articles published in pediatric orthopaedic journals over time? In addition, what is the current status of levels of evidence in pediatric orthopaedic journals?METHODS: All articles in Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics-A (JPO-A) and Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics-B (JPO-B) for 2001, 2002, 2007, and 2008 and those in Journal of Children's Orthopaedics (JCO) for 2007 and 2008, were collected by an independent reviewer. Of the 1,039 articles identified, animal, cadaveric and basic science studies, expert opinion and review articles were excluded. Seven hundred fifty remaining articles were blinded and randomized with respect to journal, title, publication date, author, and institution. According to the currently accepted grading system, study type and level of evidence was assigned to each article. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were investigated. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software.RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in study type or levels of evidence in articles published before and after 2003. Of articles published during 2007/2008, 3.0% were graded as level I, 5.0% as level II, 24.1% as level III, and 58.0% as level IV. Analysis of the separate journals for all 4 years revealed that JPO-A published 2.6% (13 of 503) level I studies, whereas JPO-B published 4.3% (7 of 163) and JCO published 1.2% (1 of 84). The intraobserver reliability was high for study type (ê, 0.842) and substantial for level of evidence (ê, 0.613). The interobserver reliability for study type and level of evidence was high (ê 0.921 and 0.860, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Since the introduction of levels of evidence to orthopaedic journals in 2003, there has been minimal change in the quality of evidence in pediatric orthopaedic publications. We note a modest increase in level III articles and a corresponding decrease in level IV articles. Articles can be reliably graded by nonepidemiologically trained individuals.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Not applicable.
|
['Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Humans', 'Observer Variation', 'Orthopedics', 'Pediatrics', 'Periodicals as Topic']
| 21,841,452
|
[['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['H02.403.810.494'], ['H02.403.670'], ['L01.178.682.829.678']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The scale bandwidth of visual search.
|
Observers were asked to locate a target in a brief, two-scale display. Accuracy of locating the target was measured as a function of the ratio between the two scales. At each scale ratio, the probability of locating the target as a function of the number of elements is well fit by the idea that the observer accurately monitors only a "critical" number of elements. The dependence of critical number on scale ratio is well accounted for by a model that assumes that the observer's decision is based on an evenly spaced array of samples. The sample spacing is under attentional control, but is always uniform.
|
['Adult', 'Attention', 'Humans', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Reaction Time']
| 8,160,407
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Economic conditions and suicide rates in New York City.
|
Extant analyses of the relation between economic conditions and population health were often based on annualized data and were susceptible to confounding by nonlinear time trends. In the present study, the authors used generalized additive models with nonparametric smoothing splines to examine the association between economic conditions, including levels of economic activity in New York State and the degree of volatility in the New York Stock Exchange, and monthly rates of death by suicide in New York City. The rate of suicide declined linearly from 8.1 per 100,000 people in 1990 to 4.8 per 100,000 people in 1999 and then remained stable from 1999 to 2006. In a generalized additive model in which the authors accounted for long-term and seasonal time trends, there was a negative association between monthly levels of economic activity and rates of suicide; the predicted rate of suicide was 0.12 per 100,000 persons lower when economic activity was at its peak compared with when it was at its nadir. The relation between economic activity and suicide differed by race/ethnicity and sex. Stock market volatility was not associated with suicide rates. Further work is needed to elucidate pathways that link economic conditions and suicide.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Commerce', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Statistical', 'New York City', 'Regression Analysis', 'Seasons', 'Sex Factors', 'Suicide']
| 22,362,583
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['J01.219'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.530.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530.530', 'Z01.433.741'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Oseltamivir-resistant variants of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus are not attenuated in the guinea pig and ferret transmission models.
|
Oseltamivir is routinely used worldwide for the treatment of severe influenza A virus infection, and should drug-resistant pandemic 2009 H1N1 viruses become widespread, this potent defense strategy might fail. Oseltamivir-resistant variants of the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus have been detected in a substantial number of patients, but to date, the mutant viruses have not moved into circulation in the general population. It is not known whether the resistance mutations in viral neuraminidase (NA) reduce viral fitness. We addressed this question by studying transmission of oseltamivir-resistant mutants derived from two different isolates of the pandemic H1N1 virus in both the guinea pig and ferret transmission models. In vitro, the virus readily acquired a single histidine-to-tyrosine mutation at position 275 (H275Y) in viral neuraminidase when serially passaged in cell culture with increasing concentrations of oseltamivir. This mutation conferred a high degree of resistance to oseltamivir but not zanamivir. Unexpectedly, in guinea pigs and ferrets, the fitness of viruses with the H275Y point mutation was not detectably impaired, and both wild-type and mutant viruses were transmitted equally well from animals that were initially inoculated with 1:1 virus mixtures to na?ve contacts. In contrast, a reassortant virus containing an oseltamivir-resistant seasonal NA in the pandemic H1N1 background showed decreased transmission efficiency and fitness in the guinea pig model. Our data suggest that the currently circulating pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus has a high potential to acquire drug resistance without losing fitness.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Resistance, Viral', 'Ferrets', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Humans', 'Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype', 'Influenza, Human', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Orthomyxoviridae Infections', 'Oseltamivir', 'Zanamivir']
| 20,739,532
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G06.225.420', 'G06.920.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.575.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.214'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['C01.925.782.620'], ['D02.065.064.525', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.500'], ['D02.078.370.926', 'D02.241.081.844.562.668.775', 'D02.241.511.902.562.668.775', 'D03.383.663.859', 'D09.067.687.668.775', 'D09.811.589.668.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
STAT1-mediated signal integration between IFNã and LPS leads to increased EC and SMC activation and monocyte adhesion.
|
Inflammation plays an important role in host defenses against infectious agents and injury, but it also contributes to the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Signal transducer and activated transcription 1 (STAT1) has been identified as a point of convergence for the cross talk between the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon ã (IFNã) and the Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) ligand LPS in immune cells. However, there is no information available on the role of STAT1 in TLR4-mediated progression of atherosclerosis and on potential synergism between lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and IFNã signaling in cells from the vasculature. Cultured human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) exposed to LPS activated STAT1 in a delayed manner that was inhibited by cycloheximide treatment. Pretreatment of HMECs as well as primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with IFNã followed by LPS resulted in a significant increase in STAT1 phosphorylation compared with both factors alone. Increased STAT1 protein levels, strictly mediated by IFNã, correlated with the augmented STAT1 phosphorylation that was absent in TLR4(-/-) cells. As assessed by PCR, Western analysis, and ELISA, this coincided with increased expression of the chemokine interferon gamma-induced protein 10 kDa (IP-10) and the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 in a TLR4-dependent manner.The STAT1-inhibitor fludarabine markedly reduced these effects as well as IFNã and LPS-dependent adhesion of U937 cells to endothelial cells, emphasizing the potential importance of STAT1 in the integration of both signals. With the established roles of IFNã and TLRs in atherosclerotic pathology, the STAT1-dependent signal integration between IFNã and TLR in ECs and VSMCs in response to exogenous and endogenous atherogenic ligands could result in amplification of pro-inflammatory responses in the damaged vessel and be a novel mechanism involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Line', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Monocytes', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Phosphorylation', 'STAT1 Transcription Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4', 'Vidarabine']
| 21,346,151
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['G04.022'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.436.275'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['A11.620.520'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.644.360.024.303.500.500', 'D12.644.360.024.342.100', 'D12.776.157.057.061.500.500', 'D12.776.157.057.186.100', 'D12.776.260.513.249.500', 'D12.776.476.024.386.500.500', 'D12.776.476.024.430.100', 'D12.776.930.354.249.500', 'D12.776.930.840.100'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.400'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.138.900', 'D13.570.065.950', 'D13.570.583.138.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Gallbladder emptying in man related to fasting duodenal migrating motor contractions.
|
Animal studies have shown that the gallbladder (GB) empties partially during fasting in relation to phase II of the interdigestive motor cycle (IDMC). It has been assumed that in man the GB remains inert during fasting, although there have been no studies in which repeated sequential measurements of gallbladder volume have been made and related to the IDMC. In this study the possibility of linkage between the IDMC and GB volume has been examined in nine fasting human volunteers (five males/four females). A multilumen constantly perfused manometry catheter was positioned in the duodenum and motor activity recorded continuously. Phase III of the IDMC was characterized by phasic contractions, with a frequency of 10-12/min for at least 2 min, which had a distal propagative pattern and were followed by a motor quiescence (Phase I). GB volume was calculated at 15 min intervals from ultrasound measurements of the maximal length and diameter of the GB by the summation of cylinders method, and related to the time of onset of each phase III of the IDMC. In all nine subjects GB volume decreased prior to the onset of phase III and increased following its passage (P less than 0.01). GB volume decrease ranged between 6 and 56% of maximal GB volume (median 18%) and subsequent filling ranged from 14 to 53% (median 27%). The maximal volume decrease occurred 30 min prior to the onset of phase III (P less than 0.02). These studies have demonstrated that the human GB empties partially during phase II of the IDMC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adult', 'Duodenum', 'Fasting', 'Female', 'Gallbladder', 'Gastrointestinal Motility', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Time Factors', 'Ultrasonography']
| 3,524,524
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['A03.159.439'], ['G10.261.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Color signal integration for color discrimination along a long-range apparent motion trajectory.
|
In contrast to the classical view that fundamental visual attributes such as color and motion are independently processed in the visual system (e.g. Livingstone and Hubel, 1987; Marr, 1982), recent studies have revealed various forms of cross-attribute interactions, such as averaging of color appearance along the motion trajectory of an object (Nishida et al., 2007). In this study, we investigated whether such color signal integration along a motion trajectory can be induced only by motion mechanisms having large receptive fields, without simple integration within direction-selective neurons with small receptive fields, like those in V1. The stimulus consisted of discs with long-range apparent motion along a circular trajectory. The stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between disc presentations controlled the strength of the apparent motion perception. We measured observers' sensitivity in detecting color modulation on the discs. The results showed that the measured sensitivity was lowest at SOAs corresponding to the strongest motion perception. This can be interpreted as follows: color signals were integrated along an apparent motion path, and this integration reduced chromatic sensitivity by averaging color signals. Another experiment that controlled apparent motion perception in a different way also supported this idea. However, this integration effect seemed to be linked to responses of motion detectors for the apparent motion stimuli, not directly to perceptual motion representation in the visual system. These results suggest that the human visual system handles color information from retinal inputs regarding moving objects based not only on a retinotopic coordinate but also on object-based coordinates, even when the moving object yields only long-range apparent motion.
|
['Color Perception', 'Contrast Sensitivity', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Humans', 'Motion', 'Motion Perception', 'Photic Stimulation']
| 23,964,477
|
[['F02.463.593.932.217'], ['E01.370.380.850.950.500', 'F02.463.593.778.435.110', 'F02.463.593.932.281', 'F02.463.593.932.901.500', 'G14.940.500'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.482'], ['F02.463.593.932.567'], ['E05.723.729']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pharmacological characterization of cardiac histamine receptors: sensitivity to H1-and H2-receptor agonists and antagonists.
|
In the isolated guinea pig heart, histamine H1-receptor antagonists inhibit the histamine-induced negative dromotropic effect, but not the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects (Levi and Kuye, 1974, European J. Pharmacol. 27, 330). Burimamide, the H2-receptor antagonist, inhibits the positive chronotropic effect of histamine (Black et al., 1972, Nature 236, 385). In this study, the hypothesis that H1- and H2-receptors selectively mediate the various cardiac effects of histamine was tested: (a) by investigating the inhibition of cardiac histamine effects by burimamide; (b) by studying the cardiac effects of 2-methylhistamine (an H1-agonist) and 4-methylhistamine (an H2-agonist). Burimamide, as a function of concentration, inhibited the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of histamine, whereas it attenuated the negative dromotropic effect of histamine at the higher concentration only. 4-Methylhistamine caused dose-dependent positive inotropic and chronotropic but not negative dromotropic effects; conversely, with 2-methylhistamine the negative dromotropic effect prevailed. Sinus tachycardia and slowing of atrioventricular conduction were also obtained in the guinea pig in vivo by the i.v. administration of histamine. Burimamide selectively antagonized the positive chronotropic effect, whereas promethazine (an H1-antagonist) selectively inhibited the negative dromotropic effect. These results substantiate the hypothesis that H2-receptors mediate the histamine-induced increase in rate and contractility, whereas H1-receptors mediate the slowing of atrioventricular conduction.
|
['Animals', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Burimamide', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Heart', 'Heart Rate', 'Histamine', 'Histamine H1 Antagonists', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Perfusion', 'Promethazine', 'Receptors, Drug', 'Stimulation, Chemical']
| 236,192
|
[['B01.050'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['D02.065.950.898.200', 'D02.886.904.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A07.541'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['D27.505.519.625.375.425.400', 'D27.505.696.577.375.425.400'], ['E05.481'], ['E05.680'], ['D02.092.831.690', 'D02.886.369.670', 'D03.633.300.783.670'], ['D12.776.827'], ['G07.690.773.996']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tonsillar carcinoma in the early postoperative course following heart transplantation.
|
A 45-year-old male with end-stage dilative cardiomyopathy was referred for heart transplantation (HTx). Apart from severe heart disease the patient had an unremarkable medical history. Risk factors were heavy smoking and moderate consumption of alcohol. Preoperative screening including a thorough ENT status did not reveal any other risk factor or contraindication for heart transplantation. HTx was performed three months later. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of triple-drug therapy and induction therapy with antithymocyte globulin. The patient had an uneventful perioperative course. One month after transplantation the patient developed a rapidly growing squamous cell carcinoma of the left tonsil with local metastasis. Because of the rapid growth and size of the tumor surgical treatment was already impossible at that early time. Despite a course of chemotherapy the tumor continued to grow; treatment was changed to radiation therapy resulting in partial remission. Cyclosporine and azathioprine dosages were reduced at the same time. 9 months following HTx the patient developed a rapidly growing recurrence. As there were no further therapeutic options, immunosuppressive therapy was completely discontinued with the patient's agreement. He died 2 months later. The rapid tumor growth and its early manifestation following HTx suggest a preexistent occult carcinoma. A more extensive and repetitive preoperative screening in HTx candidates who are heavy smokers should be considered.
|
['Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Immunocompromised Host', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Unknown Primary', 'Tonsillar Neoplasms']
| 8,775,862
|
[['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.470'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650.895', 'C23.550.727.650.895'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.684.800', 'C07.550.745.671.800', 'C09.647.710.685.800', 'C09.775.549.685.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Smallpox: anything to declare?
|
Smallpox was eradicated in 1977, but it remains a concern owing to the potential use of the causative agent variola virus in bioterrorism. This article provides an overview of the World Health Organization's spectacular success in achieving the eradication of smallpox. It discusses how variola virus could potentially re-emerge and how prepared we are to counter such a re-emergence. Finally, the potential threat from other orthopoxviruses that exist naturally or that have been genetically engineered is considered. In the words of Rep. Christopher Shay, 'Better to be scared by the improbable possibility than to be unprepared for the catastrophic reality'.
|
['Bioterrorism', 'History, 15th Century', 'History, 16th Century', 'History, 17th Century', 'History, 18th Century', 'History, 19th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'History, 21st Century', 'History, Ancient', 'History, Medieval', 'Humans', 'Smallpox', 'Smallpox Vaccine', 'Vaccination', 'Variola virus', 'World Health Organization']
| 12,094,226
|
[['I01.198.240.856.800.100', 'I01.880.735.900.800.100', 'I01.880.735.950.500.226.100'], ['K01.400.475.500'], ['K01.400.475.750'], ['K01.400.504.750'], ['K01.400.504.875'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['K01.400.504.984'], ['K01.400.470'], ['K01.400.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.925.256.743.826'], ['D20.215.894.899.859'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['B04.280.650.160.650.930'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Reversal of Ballantyne's syndrome by selective fetal termination in a twin pregnancy].
|
OBJECTIVES: We describe Ballantyne's syndrome, a severe clinical materno-fetal entity, a pre-eclampsia-like disease.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report the case of a woman with twin pregnancy presenting a Ballantyne's syndrome. Ultrasound examination at 22 weeks of gestation (wg), found heart abnormalities for one of the fetus. The ultrasonographic supervision revealed a fetal hydrops and at 28 wg a generalized maternal edema picture occurred. At this time, a Ballantyne's syndrome was suspected.RESULTS: A selective fetal termination of the affected twin was performed leading to a complete reversal of clinical and biochemical maternal picture, allowing the continuance of the pregnancy until 32 wg.CONCLUSION: Our article illustrates that when the diagnosis of Ballantyne's syndrome is quickly suspected and a treatable cause can be found, it allows sometimes a prenatal management and improves the materno-fetal prognosis.
|
['Adult', 'Diseases in Twins', 'Female', 'Fetal Diseases', 'Gestational Age', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Hydrops Fetalis', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal', 'Syndrome', 'Twins', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal']
| 18,037,592
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.291.750'], ['C13.703.277', 'C16.300'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.703.277.060.480', 'C15.378.295.480', 'C15.378.420.826.100.350', 'C16.300.060.480', 'C16.320.365.826.100.350', 'C20.306.480', 'C23.888.277.395'], ['C13.703.395.249'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E04.520.050.600'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['M01.438.873'], ['E01.370.350.850.865', 'E01.370.378.630.865']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cumulus cell contribution to cytoplasmic maturation and oocyte developmental competence in vitro.
|
OBJECTIVE: Although several reports indicated the bidirectional communication between the oocyte and granulosa cell, and the potential negative impact of premature cumulus removal, clinical data are controversial. The present analysis report the results of a prospective randomized study done on sibling oocytes to evaluate whether or not preincubation with intact cumulus is needed in ICSI.METHODS: It was a prospective randomized study, and conducted at Alexandria IVF-ICSI center. This study was performed using 926 M2 oocytes from 141 cycles of patients undergoing ICSI. Oocytes were randomized between three protocols: protocol A (immediate denudation, immediate injection), protocol B (delayed denudation, delayed injection), and protocol C (early denudation, delayed injection). Main outcome measure(s) were maturation, fertilization, and cleavage rate after ICSI.RESULTS: Aspects of nuclear, cytoplasmic maturation and oolemma properties were improved when oocytes were preincubated with intact cumulus before ICSI.CONCLUSIONS: Preincubation, before ICSI improved results. Duration of preincubation should be program specific.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oocytes', 'Pregnancy', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic']
| 11,699,125
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E02.875.800.750.700', 'E05.820.800.750.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Potential Use of Fosfomycin-Tromethamine for Treatment of Recurrent Campylobacter Species Enteritis.
|
We report 2 cases of recurrent Campylobacter coli enteritis caused by macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-resistant strains in 2 patients with hypogammaglobulinemia, successfully treated with a prolonged course of fosfomycin-tromethamine with no side effects. Fosfomycin-tromethamine may be a feasible alternative therapy for recurrent enteritis caused by Campylobacter species resistant to first-line drugs.
|
['Agammaglobulinemia', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Campylobacter', 'Enteritis', 'Female', 'Fosfomycin', 'Humans', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Middle Aged', 'Tromethamine']
| 27,161,640
|
[['C15.378.147.142', 'C15.604.515.032', 'C20.673.088'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03.440.180', 'B03.660.150.235.250.500'], ['C06.405.205.462', 'C06.405.469.326'], ['D02.705.429.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.033.455.706.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Risk factors for definite hypertension: cross-sectional and prospective analyses of two Italian rural cohorts.
|
Risk factors for definite hypertension were examined using data from two Italian rural cohorts from the Seven Countries Study, originally composed of 1,712 men ages 40-59 at entry. Two approaches were used: cross-sectional examination of baseline exposure/outcome measurements; and prospective examination of data, correlating baseline measurements with subsequent definite hypertension, diagnosed at the 10-year follow-up exam. Hypertension was defined as diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mm Hg or systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg. Included in the cross-sectional analysis were 1,437 subjects free from other cardiovascular diseases at baseline. Of these, 590 were included in the prospective analysis. Using a multiple logistic function that did not include baseline (normal) blood pressure, age, pulse rate, and weight were confirmed as risk factors for hypertension both cross-sectionally and prospectively, thus suggesting that bias cannot explain the relationship of hypertension to these factors. Although proteinuria and vital capacity were associated with hypertension in the cross-sectional analysis, no such relationships were detected prospectively, thus implying that these factors are effects, rather than determinants, of definite hypertension. Smoking had a negative prospective (but not cross-sectional) association with hypertension, which can probably be explained by survival bias at 10 years after ascertainment of smoking habits. When mean baseline blood pressure was added to the prospective multiple logistic function, it became the only factor significantly associated with hypertension (P less than 0.001), again confirming the importance of "tracking" in the determination of hypertension.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Body Weight', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Italy', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Pulse', 'Risk', 'Rural Population']
| 3,489,935
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.370.380.650', 'G09.330.380.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['N01.600.725']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Interventions to increase breast screening. Lifespan and ethnicity issues.
|
BACKGROUND: In spite of the fact that the value of mammography has been demonstrated, it remains underused by those in need, such as older women and minority women. A consideration of lifespan and ethnicity issues may help in designing interventions designed to overcome the barriers women may face at different stages in their lives as well as the barriers that may be most salient for minority women.METHODS: There now are reports from a number of published trials indicating the value of different kinds of interventions. Interventions can be characterized as individual-directed, system-directed, social network, or multistrategy. Although little is known about what interventions may be specifically appropriate for women in their 40s, both individual-directed and multistrategy interventions have increased use of mammography significantly among women in their 50s, 60s, and 70s, including African American women.CONCLUSIONS: Although there is a considerable distance to go before all American women are getting regular mammograms, progress is being made. Attention to developing tailored interventions sensitive to lifespan and ethnicity concerns may be helpful.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mammography', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Compliance']
| 8,004,603
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Controlled-reflectance surfaces with film-coupled colloidal nanoantennas.
|
Efficient and tunable absorption is essential for a variety of applications, such as designing controlled-emissivity surfaces for thermophotovoltaic devices, tailoring an infrared spectrum for controlled thermal dissipation and producing detector elements for imaging. Metamaterials based on metallic elements are particularly efficient as absorbing media, because both the electrical and the magnetic properties of a metamaterial can be tuned by structured design. So far, metamaterial absorbers in the infrared or visible range have been fabricated using lithographically patterned metallic structures, making them inherently difficult to produce over large areas and hence reducing their applicability. Here we demonstrate a simple method to create a metamaterial absorber by randomly adsorbing chemically synthesized silver nanocubes onto a nanoscale-thick polymer spacer layer on a gold film, making no effort to control the spatial arrangement of the cubes on the film. We show that the film-coupled nanocubes provide a reflectance spectrum that can be tailored by varying the geometry (the size of the cubes and/or the thickness of the spacer). Each nanocube is the optical analogue of a grounded patch antenna, with a nearly identical local field structure that is modified by the plasmonic response of the metal's dielectric function, and with an anomalously large absorption efficiency that can be partly attributed to an interferometric effect. The absorptivity of large surface areas can be controlled using this method, at scales out of reach of lithographic approaches (such as electron-beam lithography) that are otherwise required to manipulate matter on the nanoscale.
|
['Absorption', 'Colloids', 'Gold', 'Light', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Silver', 'Surface Properties']
| 23,222,613
|
[['G01.015', 'G02.010', 'G03.015', 'G03.787.024', 'G07.690.725.015'], ['D20.280', 'D26.255.165'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparable molecular alterations in 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced oral and esophageal cancer in mice and in human esophageal cancer, associated with poor prognosis of patients.
|
BACKGROUND: The murine model of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO)-induced oral and esophageal cancer is frequently used to assess the effects of different cancer prevention/ therapy agents in vivo, but the molecular mechanisms in those 4-NQO-induced carcinogenesis are unknown. This study investigated aberrant expression of cell growth-critical genes in 4-NQO-induced oral and esophageal cancer tissues in mice compared to those present in the human disease for association with survival of patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57LB6/129Sv mice were given 4-NQO in their drinking water to induce oral and esophageal cancer. Quantitative-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect gene expression in the cancer tissues from mice and in 4-NQO-treated human esophageal cancer cell lines and esophageal cancer tissues. Methylation-specific PCR and DNA sequencing were performed to assess methylation of the Rarb2 promoter in murine tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to associate gene expression in esophageal cancer tissues with survival data for patients with esophageal cancer.RESULTS: 4-NQO dose-dependently induced pre-malignant and malignant lesions in the oral cavity and esophagus in mice that pathologically and morphologically mimicked human oral and esophageal cancer. Molecularly, 4-NQO inhibited Rarâ₂ but induced expression of phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (p-ERK1/2) and Cox2 proteins and Rarâ₂ gene promoter methylation in murine tumors. In vitro treatment with 4-NQO altered expression of RARâ₂, p-ERK1/2, and COX2 in human esophageal cancer cells. In tissues from 90 patients with esophageal cancer, expression of p-ERK1/2 and COX2 was up-regulated, and p-ERK1/2 expression was associated with advanced clinical tumor stage and consumption of hot beverages, while COX2 expression was associated with tumor de-differentiation in esophageal cancer. Furthermore, expression of p-ERK1/2 was associated with a worse overall survival rate of patients (p=0.014), whereas the association of COX2 expression with worse overall survival rate did not reach statistical significance (p=0.19). Knockdown of COX2 expression using transient transfection of a COX2 antisense expression vector inhibited Ki67 expression, an indicator of cell proliferation, in human esophageal cancer cells.CONCLUSION: 4-NQO-induced cancer in oral cavity and esophagus of mice not only pathologically and morphologically mimicked human oral and esophageal cancer, but also shared some molecular alterations (e.g. aberrant expression of Rarb2, p-ERK1/2, and Cox2). This study further demonstrated that targeting of the altered RARâ₂-led gene pathway could effectively suppress the development of this deadly type of cancer.
|
['4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide', 'Animals', 'Carcinogens', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'DNA Methylation', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Receptors, Retinoic Acid']
| 23,812,217
|
[['D02.640.820.600', 'D03.633.100.810.470.450', 'D03.661.243.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['G05.308.370'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.500', 'D12.644.360.450.169.500', 'D12.776.476.450.169.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.750', 'D12.644.360.450.169.750', 'D12.776.476.450.169.750'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.826.701', 'D12.776.930.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fungal diversity of rice straw for meju fermentation.
|
Rice straw is closely associated with meju fermentation and it is generally known that the rice straw provides meju with many kinds of microorganisms. In order to elucidate the origin of meju fungi, the fungal diversity of rice straw was examined. Rice straw was collected from 12 Jang factories where meju are produced, and were incubated under nine different conditions by altering the media (MEA, DRBC, and DG18), and temperature (15°C, 25°C, and 35°C). In total, 937 strains were isolated and identified as belonging to 39 genera and 103 species. Among these, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Eurotium, Fusarium, and Penicillium were the dominant genera. Fusarium asiaticum (56.3%), Cladosporium cladosporioides (48.6%), Aspergillus tubingensis (37.5%), A. oryzae (31.9%), Eurotium repens (27.1%), and E. chevalieri (25.0%) were frequently isolated from the rice straw obtained from many factories. Twelve genera and 40 species of fungi that were isolated in the rice straw in this study were also isolated from meju. Specifically, A. oryzae, C. cladosporioides, E. chevalieri, E. repens, F. asiaticum, and Penicillium polonicum (11.8%), which are abundant species in meju, were also isolated frequently from rice straw. C. cladosporioides, F. asiaticum, and P. polonicum, which are abundant in the low temperature fermentation process of meju fermentation, were frequently isolated from rice straw incubated at 15°C and 25°C, whereas A. oryzae, E. repens, and E. chevalieri, which are abundant in the high temperature fermentation process of meju fermentation, were frequently isolated from rice straw incubated at 25°C and 35°C. This suggests that the mycobiota of rice straw has a large influence in the mycobiota of meju. The influence of fungi on the rice straw as feed and silage for livestock, and as plant pathogens for rice, are discussed as well.
|
['Biodiversity', 'Fermentation', 'Food Microbiology', 'Fungi', 'Oryza', 'Plant Stems', 'Temperature']
| 24,043,125
|
[['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['B01.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['A18.024.937'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Exercise training impacts exercise tolerance and bioenergetics in gastrocnemius muscle of non-obese type-2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat in vivo.
|
The functional and bioenergetics impact of regular physical activity upon type-2 diabetic skeletal muscle independently of confounding factors of overweight remains undocumented. Here, gastrocnemius muscle energy fluxes, mitochondrial capacity and mechanical performance were assessed noninvasively and longitudinally in non-obese diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and dynamic 31-phosphorus MR spectroscopy (31P-MRS) throughout a 6-min fatiguing bout of exercise performed before, in the middle (4-week) and at the end of an 8-week training protocol consisting in 60-min daily run on a treadmill. The training protocol reduced plasmatic insulin level (-61%) whereas blood glucose and non-esterified fatty acids levels remained unaffected, thereby indicating an improvement of insulin sensitivity. It also increased muscle mitochondrial citrate synthase activity (+45%) but this increase did not enhance oxidative ATP synthesis capacity in working muscle in vivo while glycolytic ATP production was increased (+33%). On the other hand, the training protocol impaired maximal force-generating capacity (-9%), total amount of force produced (-12%) and increased ATP cost of contraction (+32%) during the fatiguing exercise. Importantly, these deleterious effects were transiently worsened in the middle of the 8-week period, in association with reduced oxidative capacity and increased basal [Pi]/[PCr] ratio (an in vivo biomarker of muscle damage). These data demonstrate that the beneficial effect of regular training on insulin sensitivity in non-obese diabetic rat occurs separately from any improvement in muscle mitochondrial function and might be linked to an increased capacity for metabolizing glucose through anaerobic process in exercising muscle.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Physical Conditioning, Animal', 'Rats']
| 29,499,298
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['G03.295'], ['G11.427.680.270'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of glycosuria and hyperglycemia by topical corticosteroid therapy.
|
A patient with psoriasis is described who had an abnormal response to the glucose tolerance test without other evidence of diabetes and then developed postprandial hyperglycemia and glycosuria during a period of topical administration of a corticosteroid cream, halcinonide cream 0.1%, under occlusion. A second patient with a similar glucose tolerance test result showed postprandial hyperglycemia when treated similarly with betamethasone valerate cream 0.1%. Two additional patients with midly abnormal responses to glucose tolerance tests showed no evidence of altered glucose metabolism when treated with halcinonide cream in a similar manner.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Adult', 'Betamethasone Valerate', 'Female', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Glycosuria', 'Humans', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prediabetic State', 'Psoriasis']
| 984,862
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['D06.472.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.199.150', 'D04.210.500.908.093.150'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['C12.777.934.363', 'C13.351.968.934.363', 'C18.452.394.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.452.394.750.774', 'C19.246.774'], ['C17.800.859.675']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Laterality in the gallop gait of horses.
|
Bilateral asymmetry in gallop stride limb contact patterns of four Quarter Horse fillies was documented by high-speed cinematography. Horses were filmed with rider by two cameras simultaneously while galloping along a straightaway. Even though signaled for each gallop lead an equivalent number of times, horses frequently switched leads, selecting the left lead nearly twice as often as the right. Velocities and stride lengths were greater for the left lead than the right, but stride frequencies did not differ between leads. Velocity effects were partitioned out in limb contact data analysis to enable the determination of persistent gallop stride asymmetries. The contact duration for the trailing (right) fore limb on the left lead exceeded the contact duration for the trailing (left) fore limb on the right lead. Selecting the right fore limb as the trailing fore limb may have allowed horses to use it to withstand the greater stresses and caused them to preferentially gallop with the left fore limb leading. Laterality may have an important influence on equine gallop motion patterns and thereby influence athletic performance.
|
['Animals', 'Functional Laterality', 'Gait', 'Horses', 'Kinesis']
| 3,611,140
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['F01.145.113.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Consistent Neural Activity Patterns Represent Personally Familiar People.
|
How does the brain encode and organize our understanding of the people we know? In this study, participants imagined personally familiar others in a variety of contexts while undergoing fMRI. Using multivoxel pattern analysis, we demonstrated that thinking about familiar others elicits consistent fine-grained patterns of neural activity. Person-specific patterns were distributed across many regions previously associated with social cognition, including medial prefrontal, medial parietal, and lateral temporoparietal cortices, as well as other regions including the anterior and mid-cingulate, insula, and precentral gyrus. Analogous context-specific patterns were observed in medial parietal and superior occipital regions. These results suggest that medial parietal cortex may play a particularly central role in simulating familiar others, as this is the only region to simultaneously represent both person and context information. Moreover, within portions of medial parietal cortex, the degree to which person-specific patterns were typically instated on a given trial predicted subsequent judgments of accuracy and vividness in the mental simulation. This suggests that people may access neural representations in this region to form metacognitive judgments of confidence in their mental simulations. In addition to fine-grained patterns within brain regions, we also observed encoding of both familiar people and contexts in coarse-grained patterns spread across the independently defined social brain network. Finally, we found tentative evidence that several established theories of person perception might explain the relative similarity between person-specific patterns within the social brain network.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Imagination', 'Judgment', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Oxygen', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Thinking', 'Young Adult']
| 28,557,690
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['F02.463.188.634'], ['F02.463.785.626'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['F02.463.785'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Experimental detection of hemorrhage in the circulation area of the superior mesenteric artery by intra-arterial nuclide angiography].
|
A new experimentally proven method for diagnosis and localisation of acute bleeding in the flow area of the arteria mesenterica superior is reported. By selective intra-arterial nuclide injection microhemorrhage below the proof limit of angiography can be registered and relatively exact localized by additional geometric procedure. Using this method, the exact location of angiographic, negative bleedings could be determined in experimentally produced bleedings in the jejunoileal transit and in the distal ileum. We explain the experimental arrangement and the results. The diagnostic value of the examination is discussed.
|
['Angiography, Digital Subtraction', 'Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dogs', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Iohexol', 'Mesenteric Arteries', 'Radionuclide Angiography', 'Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid']
| 2,168,074
|
[['E01.370.350.600.350.700.060', 'E01.370.350.700.060.060', 'E01.370.350.700.700.060', 'E01.370.350.760.060', 'E01.370.370.050.060'], ['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['D02.241.223.100.400.880.400', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.375.880.400'], ['A07.015.114.565'], ['E01.370.350.710.715', 'E01.370.370.050.650', 'E01.370.384.730.715'], ['D01.875.900', 'D01.925.950']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Physicochemical properties of carbovir, a potential anti-HIV agent.
|
(+-)-Carbovir [(+-)-9-[4 alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-cyclopent-2-ene-1 alpha-yl]guanine; NSC 614846] is a novel carbocyclic nucleoside analogue which has been shown to be a potent and selective inhibitor of HIV in vitro. As part of an effort to develop a parenteral formulation for subsequent clinical and toxicological evaluation of this compound, the aqueous solution stability of carbovir as a function of pH and temperature and various physicochemical properties of carbovir including its pKa, solubility versus pH and solvent composition, and octanol-water partition coefficient have been examined. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry indicated that carbovir has pKa values of 3.15 and 9.68, respectively, at 25 degrees C and 0.01 ionic strength. The aqueous solubility of carbovir over the pH range 7-10.5 was consistent with that expected of a weak acid with a pKa of 9.65 and an intrinsic solubility of 1.24 mg/mL. Due to the limited solubility of carbovir at physiological pH, methods for solubilizing carbovir in aqueous solution were explored, including propylene glycol-water cosolvents and complexation with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. As expected for carbovir, a semipolar compound with an octanol-water partition coefficient of 0.29, propylene glycol:water cosolvents were not highly effective in enhancing solubility. Complex formation between carbovir and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin was found to be more effective, with a K1:1 of 105 M-1 for the complexation. The pH profiles generated at 50, 70, and 90 degrees C were accounted for by acid-catalyzed degradation at low pH leading to the formation of guanine and a neutral degradation pathway which dominates above pH 4. Prototype lyophilized formulations containing (after reconstitution) 10 mg/mL of carbovir at a pH of 10.6 were developed and evaluated.
|
['2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Cyclodextrins', 'Dideoxynucleosides', 'HIV', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Infusions, Parenteral', 'Octanols', 'Propylene Glycols', 'Solubility', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Temperature', 'alpha-Cyclodextrins', 'beta-Cyclodextrins']
| 2,273,460
|
[['D04.345.103.333.500', 'D09.301.915.400.375.333.500', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.333.500'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['D04.345.103', 'D09.301.915.400.375', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375'], ['D13.570.230.500'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350'], ['G02.300'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['E02.319.267.510'], ['D02.033.415.600', 'D10.289.600'], ['D02.033.455.706'], ['G02.805'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D04.345.103.222', 'D09.301.915.400.375.222', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.222'], ['D04.345.103.333', 'D09.301.915.400.375.333', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.333']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Sperm motility index: a new parameter for human sperm evaluation.
|
OBJECTIVE: The study was performed to evaluate the correlation between sperm motility index, a novel parameter of semen quality, and routine semen analysis parameters by microscopic evaluation.DESIGN: Sperm motility index was measured by an electro-optical device, the Sperm Quality Analyzer (United Medical Systems Inc., Santa Ana, CA). Human semen samples covering the whole span of qualities were analyzed prospectively and simultaneously by both methods.SETTING: Samples were collected from patients referred to university hospital infertility clinics.PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Nine hundred sixty-eight semen samples of 812 patients and healthy men were analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Sperm motility index is a measurement of optical density fluctuations caused by motile cells; therefore, a positive correlation was anticipated between its values and semen motility parameters.RESULTS: Sperm motility index values demonstrated statistically significant correlation with motile cell concentration, total cell concentration, and percent motile cells. They were also shown to reliably represent semen quality assessment obtained by two experienced andrologists.CONCLUSIONS: The sperm motility index provides a reliable and objective reflection of semen motility parameters and quality.
|
['Autoanalysis', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Male', 'Male', 'Semen', 'Sperm Count', 'Sperm Motility', 'Spermatozoa']
| 2,065,790
|
[['E05.059'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.365.700'], ['A12.200.732'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.870', 'E01.370.225.992.624', 'E05.200.500.195.870', 'E05.200.992.624', 'E05.242.195.870', 'G04.140.870'], ['E01.370.225.992.812', 'E05.200.992.812', 'G04.198.750'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Quantitating exposure to chemical carcinogens: in vivo alkylation of hemoglobin by benzo[a]pyrene.
|
Mild acid hydrolysis of globin preparations from erythrocytes of mice, previously exposed topically to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), releases tetrols which are detectable by HPLC/fluorescence analysis. If the mouse is exposed to radiolabelled BaP, radioactivity can be found in the acid-releasable tetrols. Treatment of the globin preparations prior to acid hydrolysis with proteolytic enzymes, but not enzymes that degrade nucleic acids, followed by dialysis, reduces the amount of tetrols that can be detected. Because the procedure used for the isolation of globin preparations from mouse blood precludes the presence of non-covalently bound BaP or its cellular metabolites, it is concluded that prior to acid hydrolysis, the tetrols were covalently attached to the hemoglobin, most probably as a result of the metabolic conversion of the applied carcinogen to the chemically reactive anti-diol epoxide. There is a dose response relationship between the amount of BaP applied to the skin of the mouse and the occurrence, 24 h later, of BaP adducts to hemoglobin, while the adduct, once formed, disappears with a half-life of 6 days. The amount of anti-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (anti-BaPDE) binding to DNA and hemoglobin at various doses of BaP appears to be qualitatively similar.
|
['Alkylating Agents', 'Animals', 'Benzo(a)pyrene', 'DNA', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Hemoglobins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Protein Binding', 'Skin Absorption']
| 3,975,919
|
[['D27.505.519.124', 'D27.888.569.035'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.799.306.300', 'D04.615.799.306.300'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G03.015.500.750', 'G03.787.024.500.750', 'G07.690.725.015.500.750', 'G13.750.778']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
First impressions and last resorts: how listeners adjust to speaker variability.
|
Perceptual theories must explain how perceivers extract meaningful information from a continuously variable physical signal. In the case of speech, the puzzle is that little reliable acoustic invariance seems to exist. We tested the hypothesis that speech-perception processes recover invariants not about the signal, but rather about the source that produced the signal. Findings from two manipulations suggest that the system learns those properties of speech that result from idiosyncratic characteristics of the speaker; the same properties are not learned when they can be attributed to incidental factors. We also found evidence for how the system determines what is characteristic: In the absence of other information about the speaker, the system relies on episodic order, representing those properties present during early experience as characteristic of the speaker. This "first-impressions" bias can be overridden, however, when variation is an incidental consequence of a temporary state (a pen in the speaker's mouth), rather than characteristic of the speaker.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attention', 'Attitude', 'Humans', 'Phonetics', 'Reaction Time', 'Social Perception', 'Speech Perception']
| 18,399,885
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F01.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.559.598.518'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.463.593.752'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
In-vivo and in-vitro evaluations of a modified-release oral dosage form of nifedipine by hybridization of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropylcelluloses in dogs.
|
To maintain a suitable blood level of nifedipine for a long period of time, double-layer tablets consisting of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CyD) and 3% nonionic surfactant (HCO-60) as a fast-release portion and hydroxypropylcelluloses (HPCs) with different viscosity grades (low, medium and high) as a slow-release portion were prepared, and their in-vitro and in-vivo release behaviours were investigated. Among the seven formulations, the tablet having the mean dissolution time of 0.8-1.3 h gave prolonged plasma nifedipine levels without decrease of AUC after oral administration to dogs. Consequently, the double-layer tablet consisting of HP-beta-CyD with 3% HCO-60/(HPC-low:HPC-medium) in a weight ratio 1/(1.5:1.5) was selected as an appropriate modified-release formulation because it elicited almost comparable retarding effects with superior oral bioavailability compared with those of a commercially available slow-release nifedipine product.
|
['2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin', 'Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Biological Availability', 'Cellulose', 'Cyclodextrins', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Dogs', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Male', 'Nifedipine', 'Technology, Pharmaceutical', 'beta-Cyclodextrins']
| 7,932,048
|
[['D04.345.103.333.500', 'D09.301.915.400.375.333.500', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.333.500'], ['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['D04.345.103', 'D09.301.915.400.375', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['D03.383.725.203.540'], ['E05.916', 'J01.897.836'], ['D04.345.103.333', 'D09.301.915.400.375.333', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.333']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cost-effectiveness of culture-guided antimicrobial prophylaxis for the prevention of infections after prostate biopsy.
|
BACKGROUND: Clinical findings suggest that the use of rectal culture-guided antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the infection rate following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUSBx).METHODS: A decision-analytic model was designed to compare the outcomes of TRUSBx performed with (rectal culture-guided group) and without (standard ciprofloxacin prophylaxis) rectal swab culture-guided antimicrobial prophylaxis in Hong Kong. The post-biopsy infection rate, infection-related costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost for infection, and incremental cost per QALY saved (ICER) were assessed. Model inputs were retrieved from local epidemiology data and the medical literature. A sensitivity analysis was performed to test the robustness of the model results.RESULTS: Base-case analysis showed that the infection rate in the culture-guided group was reduced from 2.42% to 0.23% and saved 0.0002 QALYs, with a lower cost (USD 31.4 versus USD 55.6) (USD 1=HKD 7.8). The number needed to screen to prevent an infection episode was 45.7. The hospital days avoided per 100 patients using culture-guided prophylaxis was 7.08 days. The relative effectiveness of culture-guided antimicrobial prophylaxis versus standard prophylaxis in carriers and non-carriers of FQ-resistant rectal flora were identified as potential influencing factors. In 10000 Monte Carlo simulations, ICERs of the culture-guided group were below the willingness-to-pay threshold 99.12% of the time.CONCLUSIONS: Using rectal culture-guided antimicrobial prophylaxis for men undergoing TRUSBx appears to be a cost-saving strategy to avert post-biopsy infection and QALY loss in Hong Kong.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Antibiotic Prophylaxis', 'Biopsy', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration', 'Hong Kong', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Rectum', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 26,686,941
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['E02.319.162.150', 'E02.319.703.150'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.186'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['E01.390.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119.500.500', 'E01.370.225.500.384.100.370.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119.500.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.370.500', 'E01.370.350.850.855.500', 'E01.370.388.100.100.500.500', 'E01.370.388.100.370.500', 'E04.074.119.500.500', 'E04.074.370.500', 'E04.502.890.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119.500.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.370.500', 'E05.200.998.054.119.500.500', 'E05.200.998.054.370.500', 'E05.242.384.100.119.500.500', 'E05.242.384.100.370.500'], ['Z01.252.474.164.450'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Lipoprotein(a) is not elevated in non-diabetic microalbuminuric subjects. A longitudinal study of lipoprotein(a) concentrations and apolipoprotein(a) size isoforms.
|
Microalbuminuric non-diabetic subjects have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease which is not explained by standard risk factors. In diabetic patients, microalbuminuria is associated with increased lipoprotein(a) concentrations. We have determined lipoprotein(a) concentrations and duplicate measures of albumin excretion rate, on two occasions separated by around 3 years, in 125 Europid subjects aged 40-75 years without hypertension or glucose intolerance and in 49 offspring aged 15-40 years. The apolipoprotein(a) isoform size, the major genetic determinant of lipoprotein(a) concentration, was also determined. There were no differences in lipoprotein(a) concentration between the 42 subjects who were microalbuminuric on either or both samples at screening (median 9.4 mg/dl, 20th and 80th percentiles 2.6 and 46.3 mg/dl) and the 79 who had been normoalbuminuric at both collections (median 10.9 mg/dl, 20th and 80th percentiles 2.9 and 53.0 mg/dl; P = 0.58). Lipoprotein(a) concentrations were not significantly different between subjects with or without microalbuminuria at recell (P = 0.55) or between those with or without microalbuminuria classified by mean albumin excretion rate in either collection (P = 0.24 and P = 0.73, respectively). There were no significant relationships between albumin excretion rate as a continuous variable and lipoprotein(a) concentration, or between changes in the two variables over 3 years. The microalbuminuric and normoalbuminuric subjects had similar distributions of size isoforms. There were also no differences in lipoprotein(a) concentration or isoform distribution between offspring of microalbuminuric and of normoalbuminuric subjects. In conclusion, we found no evidence that microalbuminuric subjects with normal blood pressure and normal glucose tolerance have elevated concentrations of lipoprotein(a) to explain their increased cardiovascular risk.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Albuminuria', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Humans', 'Lipoprotein(a)', 'Microchemistry', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors']
| 8,739,855
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C12.777.934.734.269', 'C13.351.968.934.734.269', 'C23.888.942.750.269'], ['C14'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.532.350', 'D12.776.521.400'], ['E05.196.620', 'H01.181.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A colorimetric boronic acid based sensing ensemble for carboxy and phospho sugars.
|
[structure: see text] A cadmium-centered tris-boronic acid receptor was synthesized, and its binding properties toward various anionic sugars were determined. This receptor shows high affinity for different anionic sugars, especially gluconic acid, which has an association constant near approximately 10(7) M(-)(1) at neutral pH. Further, using an indicator displacement assay, a color change of pyrocatechol violet was observed upon addition of anionic sugars. This colorimetric test was used as a facile screening technique to qualitatively analyze guest affinities.
|
['Boronic Acids', 'Cadmium', 'Carbohydrates', 'Colorimetry', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Molecular Structure', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Sugar Phosphates']
| 16,597,132
|
[['D01.029.260.110', 'D01.132.285', 'D02.203.200'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['D09'], ['E05.196.922.250'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.691'], ['D09.894']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Adult hypolactasia, milk consumption, and age-specific fertility.
|
Beta-galactosidase (lactase) allows the digestion of lactose as its component sugars, galactose and glucose. Considerable variation exists worldwide in the prevalence of adults who lose the ability to digest lactose after infancy (hypolactasia) as well as in the amount of milk products they consume. Clearly, those populations in which hypolactasia is infrequent and milk consumption high will have greater dietary exposure to galactose. Because there is clinical and experimental evidence that galactose may be toxic to ovarian germ cells, the authors sought to determine whether age-specific fertility rates in various countries correlate with the prevalence of adult hypolactasia and per capita milk consumption by analysis of published data on these variables. The authors found significant correlations among these variables such that fertility at older ages is lower and the decline in fertility with aging is steeper in populations with high per capita consumption of milk and greater ability to digest its lactose component. These demographic data add to existing evidence that dietary galactose may deleteriously affect ovarian function.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Causality', 'Diet', 'Female', 'Galactose', 'Global Health', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Lactase', 'Lactose Intolerance', 'Milk', 'Ovum', 'Population Surveillance', 'Prevalence', 'Regression Analysis', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 8,116,603
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['N05.715.350.200', 'N06.850.490.625'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D09.947.875.359.377'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100.500'], ['C06.405.469.637.506', 'C16.320.565.202.589', 'C18.452.603.506', 'C18.452.648.202.589'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['A05.360.490.690', 'A11.497.497', 'A16.690'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Solar disinfection of infectious biomedical waste: a new approach for developing countries.
|
Poor developing countries cannot afford expensive technologies such as incineration for management of infectious biomedical waste. We assessed solar heating as an alternative technology. We immersed simulated infectious waste with added challenge bacteria in water in a box-type solar cooker, which was left in the sun for 6 h. In 24 sets of observations, the amount of viable bacteria was reduced by about 7 log. We also tested infectious medical waste with a heavy load of bacteria (10(8)-10(9)/g) from our hospital's burn unit for solar heat disinfection in 20 experiments. Our results showed a similar 7 log reduction in the amount of viable bacteria. Solar heating thus seems to be a cheap method to disinfect infectious medical waste in less economically developed countries.
|
['Developing Countries', 'Disinfection', 'Humans', 'Medical Waste Disposal', 'Solar Energy']
| 14,575,975
|
[['I01.615.500.300'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D20.944.460.300', 'N06.850.460.710.460.300', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.600'], ['G01.750.897', 'N06.230.132.644.500']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Neurophysiological profile of peripheral neuropathy associated with childhood mitochondrial disease.
|
INTRODUCTION: Peripheral nerve involvement is common in mitochondrial disease but often unrecognised due to the prominent central nervous system features. Identification of the underlying neuropathy may assist syndrome classification, targeted genetic testing and rehabilitative interventions.METHODS: Clinical data and the results of nerve conduction studies were obtained retrospectively from the records of four tertiary children's hospital metabolic disease, neuromuscular or neurophysiology services. Nerve conductions studies were also performed prospectively on children attending a tertiary metabolic disease service. Results were classified and analysed according to the underlying genetic cause.RESULTS: Nerve conduction studies from 27 children with mitochondrial disease were included in the study (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) - 7, POLG - 7, SURF1 - 10, PDHc deficiency - 3). Four children with mtDNA mutations had a normal study while three had mild abnormalities in the form of an axonal sensorimotor neuropathy when not acutely unwell. One child with MELAS had a severe acute axonal motor neuropathy during an acute stroke-like episode that resolved over 12months. Five children with POLG mutations and disease onset beyond infancy had a sensory ataxic neuropathy with an onset in the second decade of life, while the two infants with POLG mutations had a demyelinating neuropathy. Seven of the 10 children with SURF1 mutations had a demyelinating neuropathy. All three children with PDHc deficiency had an axonal sensorimotor neuropathy. Unlike CMT, the neuropathy associated with mitochondrial disease was not length-dependent.CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest study to date of peripheral neuropathy in genetically- classified childhood mitochondrial disease. Characterising the underlying neuropathy may assist with the diagnosis of the mitochondrial syndrome and should be an integral part of the assessment of children with suspected mitochondrial disease.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Mitochondrial Diseases', 'Neural Conduction', 'Peripheral Nervous System Diseases', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tertiary Care Centers', 'Young Adult']
| 27,475,922
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C18.452.660'], ['G07.265.753', 'G11.561.601'], ['C10.668.829'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N02.278.421.830'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Third nerve palsy as the only manifestation of occult temporal arteritis].
|
CASE REPORT: Two patients (80 and 67 year-old) presented with diplopia for a sudden right 3rd cranial nerve palsy without other ocular or systemic symptoms related to temporal arteritis. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels were normal. Subsequent biopsy of the superficial temporal artery confirmed the diagnosis of temporal arteritis.DISCUSSION: Patients with ocular nerve palsy could have occult temporal arteritis. Aged patients with an acute ocular ischemic lesion, without elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein levels and systemic symptoms, should raise a high index of suspicion for temporal arteritis.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Giant Cell Arteritis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oculomotor Nerve Diseases']
| 19,728,240
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.114.875.700', 'C10.228.140.300.850.500', 'C14.907.253.946.700', 'C14.907.940.090.530', 'C14.907.940.907.700', 'C17.800.862.252', 'C20.111.258.962.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.292.562.700', 'C11.590.436']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Squamous cell cancer of hypopharynx and larynx - evaluation of metastatic nodal disease based on computed tomography perfusion studies.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In patients with squamous cell cancer metastatic disease in lymph nodes still remains the single most important negative predicting factor and when detected, it reduces overall 5-year survival by 50%. The aim of the study was to evaluate contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) with computed tomography perfusion (CTP) examination in order to differentiate malignant from non-malignant cervical lymph nodes in patients with squamous cell cancer of hypopharynx and larynx.MATERIAL/METHODS: This was a prospective three-center study. From November 2007 until March 2010 33 consecutive patients with squamous cell cancer of the hypopharynx and 27 patients with laryngeal cancer underwent computed tomography (CT) examination followed by CTP. During first part of examination 80 ml of contrast was administered, with flow rate 1 ml/s and 100 s delay; standard head and neck examination was performed. Next, perfusion images were acquired with the coverage of 8 cm and different groups of lymph nodes were evaluated - groups II, III, IV and V. Perfusion maps for basic parameters (blood flow [BF], blood volume [BV], mean transit time [MTT] and permeability surface [PS]) were reconstructed for all patients using dedicated software. The long and short axis diameters, the density of the node before and after contrast medium administration and average values of each perfusion parameter were calculated for every node separately. Results were compared with histologic analysis of resected nodes.RESULTS: Out of the total number of 293 nodes evaluated on CECT and CTP it was possible to correlate 208 resected nodes with histologic findings. 125 of them were proven to be malignant and 83 were benign. Malignant nodes showed remarkably higher density and hyperperfusion, comparing to benign ones. The average density values in Hounsfield units (HU) for cervical nodes were: 91.9HU for metastatic comparing to 72.3 HU for non-metastatic, but this difference did not show statistical significance. The average value of BF in malignant nodes was 136.4 ml/100g/min, BV was 7.7 ml/100g, MTT was 4.4s and PS was 19.4 ml/100g/min. The average values for benign nodes were: BF was 80.7 ml/100g/min, BV was 4.7 ml/100g, MTT was 5.6s and PS was 12.8 ml/100g/min. Comparing to non-malignant nodes, malignant ones showed significantly higher BF, BV and PS values (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Although CECT findings may draw our attention, pointing at abnormal morphology of the node, CTP seems to provide additional functional information regarding its possible malignancy. CTP may be useful in differentiation between malignant and benign lymph nodes, based on evaluation of the value of BF, BV and PS.
|
['Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Laryngeal Neoplasms', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Perfusion Imaging', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 21,324,623
|
[['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.485', 'C07.550.745.436', 'C09.647.710.485', 'C09.775.549.485'], ['C04.588.443.665.481', 'C08.360.369', 'C08.785.481', 'C09.400.369', 'C09.647.481'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.710.600', 'E01.370.384.730.354'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Preventing smoking and other drug use: let the buyers beware and the interventions be apt.
|
Those concerned with smoking prevention programs in the schools may be misled by a recent report that "we know what works; now let's make it happen." The advocated "social influences" programs appear to have no reliable effects on regular (greater than or equal to weekly) smoking and only short-term and small effects (5-8 percentage points) on "experimental" (less than weekly) smoking. To prevent smoking and other drug abuse among the children most at risk, it may be crucial to use broad-based, multidisciplinary interventions that go well beyond the health education classroom.
|
['Adolescent', 'Canada', 'Child', 'Health Behavior', 'Health Education', 'Humans', 'Program Evaluation', 'School Health Services', 'Smoking Prevention', 'Social Control, Informal', 'Substance-Related Disorders']
| 2,611,746
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.488'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['N02.421.726.809'], ['I02.233.332.812', 'N02.421.726.407.840'], ['I01.880.630'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Association between PON 1 polymorphisms, PON activity and diabetes complications.
|
The paraoxonase (PON) gene cluster maps to human chromosome 7q21-22. In the PON 1 gene, several polymorphisms in the promoter and coding regions have been identified and are known to influence gene expression levels. Promoter polymorphisms have been shown to have the strongest influence on paraoxonase activity levels. Paraoxonase, a high-density lipoprotein associated enzyme, protects lipoproteins from oxidation. Lipid oxidation may play an important role in the development of micro- and macrovascular disease. There is evidence that paraoxonase activity is reduced in patients with diabetes. We therefore hypothesise that PON 1genotypes influence paraoxonase activity levels and increase the risk of microvascular disease in type 1 diabetes. Genotyping of 156 Caucasian adolescents with diabetes for seven PON 1 polymorphisms was performed, including that of a novel PON 1 promoter polymorphism A(-1074)G. PON genotypes were related to paraoxonase and arylesterase activities and diabetes complication status. There was strong linkage disequilibrium between the PON 1 promoter polymorphisms. Both promoter and coding region polymorphisms strongly influenced activity levels and were associated with diabetes complications. PON 1 genotypes Leu/Leu 54, AA(-162) and GG(-1074) were associated with higher urinary albumin loss, while the genotype GG(-907) was protective for retinopathy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Albuminuria', 'Aryldialkylphosphatase', 'Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Angiopathies', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Genetic']
| 16,949,520
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C12.777.934.734.269', 'C13.351.968.934.734.269', 'C23.888.942.750.269'], ['D08.811.277.352.660.500'], ['D08.811.277.352.100'], ['C19.246.099'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C14.907.320', 'C19.246.099.500'], ['C12.777.419.192', 'C13.351.968.419.192', 'C19.246.099.875'], ['C11.768.257', 'C14.907.320.382', 'C19.246.099.500.382'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.348.500'], ['G05.365.795']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Biodiesel from Citrullus colocynthis oil: sulfonic-ionic liquid-catalyzed esterification of a two-step process.
|
Biodiesel was prepared from Citrullus colocynthis oil (CCO) via a two-step process. The first esterification step was explored in two ionic liquids (ILs) with 1,3-disulfonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate (DSIMHSO4) and 3-methyl-1-sulfonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate (MSIMHSO4). Both ILs appeared to be good candidates to replace hazardous acidic catalyst due to their exceptional properties. However, the two sulfonic chains existing in DSIMHSO4 were found to increase the acidity to the IL than the single sulfonic chain in MSIMHSO4. Based on the results, 3.6 wt% of DSIMHSO4, methanol/CCO molar ratio of 12 : 1, and 150 °C offered a final FFA conversion of 95.4% within 105 min. A 98.2% was produced via second KOH-catalyzed step in 1.0%, 6 : 1 molar ratio, 600 rpm, and 60 °C for 50 min. This new two-step catalyzed process could solve the corrosion and environmental problems associated with the current acidic catalysts.
|
['Biofuels', 'Catalysis', 'Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic', 'Citrullus colocynthis', 'Esterification', 'Ionic Liquids', 'Plant Oils']
| 24,987,736
|
[['D20.147', 'N06.230.132.644.124'], ['G02.130'], ['E05.197', 'J01.897.836.249'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.300.140.500'], ['G02.111.270', 'G02.607.250', 'G03.344'], ['D27.720.844.500'], ['D10.627.700', 'D20.215.784.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Quantitative relation between emphysema and lung mineral content in coalworkers.
|
The relation between quantified emphysema and measured lung content of coal and silica was investigated in the lungs of 264 deceased underground coalworkers who had been exposed to mixed coal and silica dust. Lung specimens obtained at postmortem and inflated and fixed under standard conditions were used to quantify the extent of emphysema and then to measure the amount of coal and silica present in the lungs at the time of death. These data were combined with clinical and other pathological information from the subjects. Multiple regression analysis showed that the extent of emphysema (E score) had a strong positive quantitative relation with coal content of the lungs (p < 0.0003), age (p < 0.0001), and smoking (p < 0.0001). There was a significant negative interaction of uncertain biological importance between coal content of the lungs and smoking (p < 0.004; E score = -1.79 + 0.62 coal + 0.06 age + 0.21 smoking -0.17 coal x smoking; adjusted R2 = 0.25). In lifelong non-smokers emphysema was particularly strongly related to coal content and age (coal: p < 0.001; age: p < 0.002; E score = -1.56 + 0.78 coal + 0.06 age; adjusted R2 = 0.66). The relation was basically unchanged by adding a lung silica content term. Emphysema score was highly negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1; % predicted, obtained within five years of death) (r = -0.44, p < 0.0001). Degree of lung fibrosis was highly positively associated with lung silica content (chi 2(1) = 12.9, p < 0.0003). These results provide strong evidence that emphysema in coalworkers is actually related to lung coal content. The role silica in development of emphysema, however remains unclear.
|
['Coal Mining', 'Dust', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Pneumoconiosis', 'Pulmonary Emphysema', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Smoking', 'Time Factors']
| 8,044,232
|
[['J01.576.655.875.500.500'], ['D20.633.222'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.230', 'G09.772.650.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['C24'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['C08.381.483.581', 'C08.381.520.702', 'C24.800'], ['C08.381.495.389.750'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Differences in biochemical properties of two 5'-nucleotidases from deep- and shallow-sea Shewanella species under various harsh conditions.
|
Deep-sea Shewanella violacea 5'-nucleotidase (SVNTase) activity exhibited higher NaCl tolerance than that of a shallow-sea Shewanella amazonensis homologue (SANTase), the sequence identity between them being 70.4%. Here, SVNTase exhibited higher activity than SANTase with various inorganic salts, similar to the difference in their NaCl tolerance. In contrast, SVNTase activity decreased with various organic solvents, while SANTase activity was retained with the same concentrations of the solvents. Therefore, SVNTase is more robust than SANTase with inorganic salts, but more vulnerable with organic solvents. As to protein stability, SANTase was more stable against organic solvents and heat than SVNTase, which correlated with the differences in their enzymatic activities. We also found that SANTase retained higher activity for three weeks than SVNTase did in the presence of glycerol. These findings will facilitate further application of these enzymes as appropriate biological catalysts under various harsh conditions. Abbreviations: NTase: 5'-nucleotidase; SANTase: Shewanella amazonensis 5'-nucleotidase; SVNTase: Shewanella violacea 5'-nucleotidase; CD: circular dichroism.
|
["5'-Nucleotidase", 'Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Biocatalysis', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Enzyme Stability', 'Hot Temperature', 'Inorganic Chemicals', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Protein Conformation', 'Salt Tolerance', 'Seawater', 'Shewanella', 'Solvents']
| 30,764,715
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.600.600'], ['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['G02.111.086', 'G02.130.500', 'G03.105'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['E05.916.360', 'G02.111.700.500'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D01'], ['D02'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G07.025.133.250', 'G07.775.813.500', 'G16.012.500.133.250'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['B03.440.450.690', 'B03.660.250.021.755'], ['D27.720.844']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Sustained exposure to bacterial antigen induces interferon-gamma-dependent T cell receptor zeta down-regulation and impaired T cell function.
|
T cell antigen receptor zeta chain down-regulation and impaired in vitro T cell function have been described in cancer and autoimmune and infectious diseases. However, the immunological basis for this phenomenon is unknown. Sustained exposure to antigen and chronic systemic inflammation, factors shared by the various pathologies, might account for this phenomenon. We developed an in vivo experimental system that mimics these conditions and show that sustained exposure of mice to bacterial antigens was sufficient to induce T cell antigen receptor zeta chain down-regulation and impair T cell function, provided an interferon-gamma-dependent T helper type 1 immune response developed. This indicates zeta chain down-regulation could be a physiological response that attenuates an exacerbated immune response. However, it can act as a 'double-edged sword', impairing immune responses to chronic diseases.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Bacteroidaceae Infections', 'Blotting, Western', 'Concanavalin A', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Ionophores', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Th1 Cells']
| 14,502,285
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.161'], ['C01.150.252.400.110'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D12.776.503.499.500', 'D12.776.765.678.500'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D27.505.519.562.374', 'D27.720.395'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['B03.440.080.094.625.515', 'B03.440.425.410.194.625.515'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824'], ['G06.320.676'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Orthodontic teaching practice and undergraduate knowledge in British dental schools.
|
AIM: The aim was to survey current orthodontic teaching practice in the undergraduate syllabus at British dental schools and to test the abilities of undergraduate students according to the requirements of the GDC regulations.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Information collected by means of a questionnaire sent to each dental school in 1998 was compared with similar data from 1994. The orthodontic knowledge and treatment planning ability of students was assessed by a multiple-choice examination paper completed by a random 10% sample of students from each dental school.RESULTS: In 1998 on average 195 curriculum hours were devoted to orthodontics and each student treated five patients. The teaching of fixed appliances had increased considerably between 1994 and 1998. The average MCQ score was 58% (range 39-72%). Students scored well on questions that tested basic knowledge but much less well when they were required to apply that knowledge. Only three schools felt that it was realistic to expect undergraduates to formulate orthodontic treatment plans, as they are required to do by the GDC.CONCLUSION: Results support the view that undergraduate orthodontic training should concentrate on diagnosis and recognition of problems rather than on providing limited exposure to treatment techniques.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Curriculum', 'Education, Dental', 'Educational Measurement', 'Humans', 'Orthodontic Appliances', 'Orthodontics', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Schools, Dental', 'Teaching', 'United Kingdom']
| 15,552,073
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.158'], ['I02.358.274'], ['I02.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E06.658.453'], ['E06.658', 'H02.163.876.439'], ['N04.590.233.624'], ['I02.783.495.481'], ['I02.903'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
A controlled clinical trial of itraconazole for prevention of fungal infections secondary to chemotherapy.
|
To study the preventive effect of itraconazole against fungal infections following chemotherapy in tumor patients, we conducted a double-blind randomized clinical trial in 114 tumor patients receiving chemotherapy, who were divided into itraconazole treatment group (n=52) and control group (n=62) and the incidences of fungal infections after chemotherapy were recorded. In comparison with the control group, itraconazole treatment group exhibited a significant decrease in fungal infection episodes (12.8% vs 3.8%), illustrating the efficacy of itraconazole treatment as a preventive measure against fungal infections secondary to chemotherapy.
|
['Antifungal Agents', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Itraconazole', 'Male', 'Mycoses', 'Neoplasms', 'Opportunistic Infections', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,697,487
|
[['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E02.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.799.550', 'D03.383.606.530'], ['C01.150.703'], ['C04'], ['C01.597', 'C01.610.684', 'C01.925.597'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Relationships between throwing mechanics and shoulder distraction in professional baseball pitchers.
|
The extreme forces and torques and the high speeds and excessive ranges of motion of baseball pitching place tremendous stress on the soft tissues of the throwing shoulder. Little is known about the relationship between pitching mechanics and shoulder joint stress, especially in professional athletes. The purpose of this study was to quantify joint loads and kinematic parameters of pitching mechanics at the major league level and to study their relationships. Three-dimensional, high-speed video data were collected on 40 professional pitchers during the 1998 Cactus League spring training. A clinically significant distraction force was calculated at the shoulder joint, which reached an average peak value of 947 +/- 162 N (108% +/- 16% body weight). Descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression analysis were used to relate shoulder distraction to kinematic and kinetic parameters of pitching mechanics. This study was undertaken not only to investigate the peak forces and torques on the shoulder, but also to identify potential areas of intervention that might prevent throwing injuries. Knowledge of joint ranges of motion, angular velocities, and joint-reaction forces can provide a scientific basis for improved preventive and rehabilitative protocols for baseball pitchers.
|
['Adult', 'Baseball', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Elbow Joint', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Reference Values', 'Regression Analysis', 'Rotation', 'Shoulder Joint', 'Torque']
| 11,394,608
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I03.450.642.845.110'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A02.835.583.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['G01.482.703'], ['A02.835.583.748'], ['G01.374.860.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Absorption of Inula cappa extract based on everted intestinal sac method].
|
To investigate the absorptive characteristics of Inula cappa extract based on the rat everted intestinal sac method in vitro. Nine representative ingredients in I. cappa extract were selected as the study objects. An UPLC-MS/MS method was established to determine and detect their cumulative absorption amount for expounding the absorptive characteristics of ingredients in different intestinal sections. According to the results? the transport mechanism of 8 compounds showed passive diffusion by the reverted gut sac method. And scopolin was actively transported in the intestine. The best absorption site of chlorogenic acid was duodenum. The best absorption site of cryptochlorogenic acid? 1?3-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid? luteolin-7-glucoside and 3?4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid were jejunum. The best absorption site of neochlorogenic acid? scopolin? 4?5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 3?5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid was ileum. The absorption of all the compounds was affected by pH and bile. All of the nine ingredients in I. cappa extract could be absorbed in intestines? but with differences in the absorption rate? the best absorptive site and mechanism? indicating that the intestinal absorption of I. cappa extract was selective.
|
['Animals', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Intestines', 'Inula', 'Plant Extracts', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 29,600,630
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['A03.556.124'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100.471'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced CYP1A1 gene expression profile in lymphocytes from mice, rats, and humans: most potent induction in humans.
|
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exerts its toxicity by binding a transcription factor, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). C57BL/6 (C57) mice express AhRs that have high affinity for TCDD, and they strongly express target genes and develop severe toxic effects upon TCDD exposure. By contrast, DBA/2 (DBA) mice have a low-affinity form of AhR, weakly express target genes, and are resistant to TCDD. Although humans express low-affinity AhRs and have been assumed to be refractory to TCDD, their sensitivity to TCDD has yet to be determined. In this study we compared the TCDD-induced CYP1A1 gene expression profiles in lymphocytes from humans, C57 mice, DBA mice, and SD rats to obtain data as a basis for estimating human sensitivity to TCDD. Lymphocyte fractions prepared from the blood of individual humans and animals were cultured with TCDD. Their mRNAs for CYP1A1 and housekeeping genes were measured by RT-PCR or real-time PCR with primers designed for regions that are 100% homologous among each of the genes of all species/strains tested to obtain similar PCR efficiency. TCDD-induced CYP1A1 expression peaked at 2h in DBA mice and SD rats and at 6h in C57 mice and humans. At the peak times human lymphocytes showed the most potent CYP1A1 mRNA induction of the four species/strains tested. These results suggest that human lymphocytes are more sensitive to TCDD than the lymphocytes of mice and rats. Since the AhR-dependent gene expression did not reflect the AhR affinity for TCDD, these results also suggest that AhR-dependent gene expression in lymphocytes is modulated by an as yet unidentified mechanism in addition to the AhR affinity.
|
['Adult', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Middle Aged', 'Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Species Specificity']
| 16,839,655
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.244.453.005.332', 'D08.244.453.100.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.277', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.020.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.332', 'D12.776.422.220.453.100.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.888.284'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['G05.297'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.309.500.450', 'D03.633.300.786'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The changing epidemiology of diphtheria in the United Kingdom, 2009 to 2017.
|
BackgroundDiphtheria is a potentially fatal disease caused by toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. ulcerans or C. pseudotuberculosis.AimOur objective was to review the epidemiology of diphtheria in the United Kingdom (UK) and the impact of recent changes in public health management and surveillance.MethodsPutative human toxigenic diphtheria isolates in the UK are sent for species confirmation and toxigenicity testing to the National Reference Laboratory. Clinical, epidemiological and microbiological information for toxigenic cases between 2009 and 2017 are described in this population-based prospective surveillance study.ResultsThere were 33 toxigenic cases of diphtheria aged 4 to 82 years. Causative species were C. diphtheriae (n = 18) and C. ulcerans (n = 15). Most C. diphtheriae cases were cutaneous (14/18) while more than half of C. ulcerans cases had respiratory presentations (8/15). Two thirds (23/33) of cases were inadequately immunised. Two cases with C. ulcerans infections died, both inadequately immunised. The major risk factor for C. diphtheriae aquisition was travel to an endemic area and for C. ulcerans, contact with a companion animal. Most confirmed C. diphtheriae or C. ulcerans isolates (441/507; 87%) submitted for toxigenicity testing were non-toxigenic, however, toxin positivity rates were higher (15/23) for C. ulcerans than C. diphtheriae (18/469). Ten non-toxigenic toxin gene-bearing (NTTB) C. diphtheriae were also detected.ConclusionDiphtheria is a rare disease in the UK. In the last decade, milder cutaneous C. diphtheriae cases have become more frequent. Incomplete vaccination status was strongly associated with the risk of hospitalisation and death.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Animals', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Corynebacterium', 'Corynebacterium Infections', 'Corynebacterium diphtheriae', 'Diphtheria', 'Diphtheria Toxin', 'Diphtheria Toxoid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multilocus Sequence Typing', 'Population Surveillance', 'Prospective Studies', 'Public Health Administration', 'Public Health Surveillance', 'Travel', 'United Kingdom', 'Young Adult']
| 32,209,165
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B03.510.024.250', 'B03.510.460.400.400.200'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.246'], ['B03.510.024.250.150', 'B03.510.460.400.400.200.150'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.246.388'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.220', 'D23.946.123.305'], ['D20.215.894.691.263'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125.457.500', 'E05.200.875.150.125.457.500', 'E05.393.542.500', 'E05.393.760.700.650'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['N04.452.794'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700.324', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625.324', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700.324', 'N06.850.780.675.487'], ['I03.883'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Mechanisms underlying endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide/prostacyclin-independent, acetylcholine-induced relaxation in canine corpus cavernosum.
|
The mechanisms underlying endothelium-dependent and nitric oxide (NO)/prostacyclin-independent, acetylcholine-induced relaxation in isolated canine corpus cavernosum were investigated. In isolated canine corpus cavernous strips treated with indomethacin (10(-6) M) and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (10(-4) M), acetylcholine produced relaxations in a concentration-dependent manner. The relaxations were not affected by treatment with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazole-1-oxyl 3-oxide, sodium salt (carboxy PTIO, 3 x 10(-4) M), glibenclamide (10(-6) M), iberiotoxin (10(-7) M) or charybdotoxin (10(-7) M), but were abolished or reversed to contractions by treatment with apamin (10(-8) M) or scyllatoxin (10(-8) M). Levcromakalim (10(-7)-10(-6) M) induced a concentration-dependent relaxation which was abolished by treatment with glibenclamide (10(-6) M), but was not affected by treatment with apamin (10(-8) M) or scyllatoxin (10(-8) M). These findings indicate that endothelial cells of canine corpus cavernosum have an ability to produce a relaxing substance(s) other than NO or prostacyclin in response to acetylcholine. The substance(s) may open solely small conductance Ca2+-dependent K+ channels.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Dogs', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Epoprostenol', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitroarginine', 'Penis', 'Potassium Channels']
| 11,111,842
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['E05.481'], ['G11.427.494'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D12.125.068.050.587', 'D12.125.095.104.587'], ['A05.360.444.492'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Improving Bloom Filter Performance on Sequence Data Using k-mer Bloom Filters.
|
Using a sequence's k-mer content rather than the full sequence directly has enabled significant performance improvements in several sequencing applications, such as metagenomic species identification, estimation of transcript abundances, and alignment-free comparison of sequencing data. As k-mer sets often reach hundreds of millions of elements, traditional data structures are often impractical for k-mer set storage, and Bloom filters (BFs) and their variants are used instead. BFs reduce the memory footprint required to store millions of k-mers while allowing for fast set containment queries, at the cost of a low false positive rate (FPR). We show that, because k-mers are derived from sequencing reads, the information about k-mer overlap in the original sequence can be used to reduce the FPR up to 30 ? with little or no additional memory and with set containment queries that are only 1.3 - 1.6 times slower. Alternatively, we can leverage k-mer overlap information to store k-mer sets in about half the space while maintaining the original FPR. We consider several variants of such k-mer Bloom filters (kBFs), derive theoretical upper bounds for their FPR, and discuss their range of applications and limitations.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computational Biology', 'Computer Simulation', 'Humans', 'Probability', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Software']
| 27,828,710
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Rapid increase in diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma in situ in Sweden, 1968-1992.
|
We analyzed incidence trends of cutaneous melanoma in situ in Sweden in 1968-1992. Among men, age-standardized rates increased from 0.1/100,000 in 1968 to 2.9/100,000 in 1992, which corresponds to an average annual increase of 15.0%. Among women, rates increased from 0.3 to 3.7, and the annual increase was 12.8%. Age-specific rates increased since 1978, predominantly in men aged 45 years and older, whereas in women rates increased in all ages. Multivariate analysis showed that incidence rates could be explained by both cohort effects and period effects in addition to age. However, cohort effects seemed more important among men than among women, in whom period effects dominated. Thus, factors associated with the development of melanoma in situ may differ between the sexes. Melanoma in situ is an immediate precursor of invasive melanoma, and the increased detection and surgical excision of these tumors will prevent the occurrence of invasive melanoma.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Sweden']
| 9,727,624
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['G08.686.815'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Shoulder work intensity with Six Sigma.
|
Follow one hospital system's efforts to reduce nurses' work intensity using the "Six Sigma" problem-solving approach.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Benchmarking', 'Efficiency, Organizational', 'Florida', 'Focus Groups', 'Humans', 'Job Satisfaction', 'Nursing Administration Research', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Nursing, Supervisory', 'Organizational Culture', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Personnel Selection', 'Pilot Projects', 'Problem Solving', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care']
| 15,021,799
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['N04.452.500.150', 'N04.761.685.150', 'N04.761.700.150', 'N05.700.150', 'N05.715.360.650.150'], ['N04.452.209.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875.750.350'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.784.692.425'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.385', 'H02.478.395.385', 'N04.590.233.508.613.385'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['N04.452.758.377.750'], ['N04.452.606'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['N04.452.677.500'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['F02.463.425.725', 'F02.463.785.810'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prognostic significance of SLC9A9 in patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
|
The survival rate of esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) patients is still dismal. Therefore, novel prognostic biomarkers are critically needed for patients with ESCC. SLC9A9 has been reported to be downregulated in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer; however, the correlations between SLC9A9 and ESCC prognosis are unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression and prognostic significance of SLC9A9 in resectable ESCC. Fresh frozen or paraffin-embedded samples were collected from 167 or 59 patients with resectable ESCC, respectively. The expression of SLC9A9 was assessed by reverse transcription and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis (167 patients) and immunohistochemistry (61 patients). The expression of SLC9A9 was not associated with patient clinicopathological characteristics at both transcription and protein levels. The 5-year overall survival in the high SLC9A9 messenger RNA (mRNA) group (n = 106) was poorer than that in the low expression group (n = 61) (34.6 vs. 65.9 %, P < 0.001). Notably, higher SLC9A9 protein expression was also correlated with lower 5-year overall survival (33.1 vs. 66.5 %, P = 0.023). Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that SLC9A9 mRNA (HR, 2.41; 95 % CI, 1.47-3.97; P = 0.001) and protein (HR, 2.31; 95 %CI, 1.06-5.02; P = 0.034) were independent prognostic factors. In conclusion, the expression of SLC9A9 can be a prognostic predictor for ESCC.
|
['Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers']
| 25,835,977
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['C04.557.470.200.400.330', 'C04.557.470.700.400.565', 'C04.588.274.476.205.500', 'C04.588.443.353.500', 'C06.301.371.205.500', 'C06.405.117.430.500', 'C06.405.249.205.500'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.162.775', 'D12.776.157.530.937.703', 'D12.776.543.550.190.775', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.775', 'D12.776.543.585.937.828']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Oxidative stress-induced JNK activation contributes to proinflammatory phenotype of aging diabetic mesangial cells.
|
Chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress (OS) play an important role in diabetic nephropathy progression. Herein, we show that mesangial cells from streptozotocin-induced aging diabetic mice, a model of progressive diabetic nephropathy, exhibited increased OS and a proinflammatory phenotype characterized by elevated chemokines and ICAM-1 expression. This phenotypic change was consistent with the extensive inflammatory lesions present in aging diabetic kidneys and was not found in mesangial cells from old and young controls or young diabetic mice. Activation of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway was a likely contributor to the proinflammatory phenotype of aging diabetic mesangial cells since 1) phosphorylated JNK levels and JNK kinase activity were increased in these cells, 2) suppression of JNK significantly decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production in these cells, and 3) activation of JNK in normal mesangial cells induced inflammation. Elevated OS in aging diabetic mesangial cells may be a cause of JNK activation and inflammation, because antioxidant treatment decreased JNK phosphorylation and MCP-1 production. Additionally, decreased expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 5 (MKP5) may also contribute to increased JNK and inflammation in aging diabetic mesangial cells since overexpression of MKP5 in these cells normalized phosphorylated JNK levels and reversed the proinflammatory phenotype. Moreover, knocking down of MKP5 expression in old control mesangial cells resulted in JNK activation and MCP-1 production, a phenotype seen in aging diabetic mesangial cells. Interestingly, MKP5 phosphatase activity was diminished by free radicals in vitro. Thus, OS may induce inflammation in mesangial cells by activating JNK through either a direct activation of JNK or indirectly by suppression of MKP5 activity. Proinflammatory phenotype of mesangial cells may contribute to chronic inflammatory lesions and disease progression of aging diabetic mice.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cellular Senescence', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Chemokine CXCL1', 'Chemokine CXCL2', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Down-Regulation', 'Dual-Specificity Phosphatases', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Glomerular Mesangium', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Inflammation', 'JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Kidney Glomerulus', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Phenotype', 'Phosphorylation', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 19,776,174
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['G04.043'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990.600', 'D23.125.300.110.990.600', 'D23.469.200.110.990.600', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.050', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.050', 'D12.776.624.664.700.049', 'D23.125.300.120.050', 'D23.469.200.120.050', 'D23.529.374.200.120.050'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.100', 'D12.644.276.374.200.600.940', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.100', 'D12.776.467.374.200.600.940', 'D23.125.300.120.100', 'D23.125.300.600.940', 'D23.469.200.120.100', 'D23.469.200.600.940', 'D23.529.374.200.120.100', 'D23.529.374.200.600.940'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625.225', 'D08.811.277.352.650.775.250', 'D08.811.641.755', 'D12.644.360.268', 'D12.776.476.268'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['G05.297'], ['A05.810.453.324.359.620.500', 'A05.810.453.736.520.620.500'], ['E05.481'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374', 'D12.644.360.450.340', 'D12.776.476.450.340'], ['A05.810.453.324.359', 'A05.810.453.736.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['G05.695'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Outbreak of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli infections after transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate.
|
DESIGN: We conducted an investigation after identifying a cluster of 4 serious infections following transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate (TRUBP) during a 2-month period.SETTING: Veterans Affairs medical center.PATIENTS: Patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) after TRUBP and time-matched controls with no evidence of infection.METHODS: The incidence of UTI within 30 days after TRUBP was calculated from 2002 through 2010. We evaluated the correlation between infection with fluoroquinolone-resistant gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and fluoroquinolone resistance in outpatient Escherichia coli urinary isolates and performed a case-control study to determine risk factors for infection with fluoroquinolone-resistant GNB. Processes for TRUBP prophylaxis, procedures, and equipment sterilization were reviewed.RESULTS: An outbreak of UTI due to fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli after TRUBP began 2 years before the cluster was identified and was correlated with increasing fluoroquinolone resistance in outpatient E. coli. No deficiencies were identified in equipment processing or biopsy procedures. Fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli UTI after TRUBP was independently associated with prior infection with fluoroquinolone-resistant GNB (adjusted odds ratio, 20.8; P=.005). A prediction rule including prior UTI, hospitalization in the past year, and previous infection with fluoroquinolone-resistant GNB identified only 17 (49%) of 35 cases.CONCLUSIONS: The outbreak of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli infections after TRUBP closely paralleled rising rates of fluoroquinolone resistance among outpatient E. coli isolates. The delayed detection of the outbreak and the absence of sensitive predictors of infection suggest that active surveillance for infection after TRUBP is necessary in the context of increasing fluoroquinolone resistance in the United States.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Fluoroquinolones', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Odds Ratio', 'Prostate', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Urinary Tract Infections']
| 23,388,361
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['N06.850.290'], ['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119.500.500', 'E01.370.225.500.384.100.370.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119.500.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.370.500', 'E01.370.350.850.855.500', 'E01.370.388.100.100.500.500', 'E01.370.388.100.370.500', 'E04.074.119.500.500', 'E04.074.370.500', 'E04.502.890.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119.500.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.370.500', 'E05.200.998.054.119.500.500', 'E05.200.998.054.370.500', 'E05.242.384.100.119.500.500', 'E05.242.384.100.370.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of adenylyl cyclase in heart sarcolemma in the absence or presence of alamethicin.
|
Alamethicin is commonly used as an agent for unmasking the latent enzyme activities in vesicular membrane preparations; however, relatively little is known about the effect of this agent on the characteristics of adenylyl cyclase in heart sarcolemma. By employing rat heart sarcolemmal preparation, we observed 5 to 6 fold increase in adenylyl cyclase activity upon treatment with alamethicin. Kinetic experiments using various concentrations of MgATP revealed that the increase in adenylyl cyclase activity in alamethicin treated membranes was associated with an increase in Vmax as well as affinity of the substrate for the enzyme. Dose-responses of the control and alamethicin-treated preparations to various activators of adenylyl cyclase revealed that the sensitivity of the enzyme to forskolin, NaF and GppNHp, was markedly increased upon treating sarcolemma with alamethicin. The activation of adenylyl cyclase by forskolin was also enhanced by increasing the concentration of alamethicin in the incubation medium. Furthermore, there was a greater increase in adenylyl cyclase activity with different concentrations of Mn2+ in the presence of alamethicin. These results suggest that alamethicin treatment alters the characteristics of adenylyl cyclase in addition to unmasking the enzyme activity in the purified sarcolemmal vesicular preparation.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Alamethicin', 'Animals', 'Colforsin', 'Enzyme Activation', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate', 'Kinetics', 'Myocardium', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, beta', 'Sarcolemma', 'Sodium Fluoride']
| 8,384,298
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['D04.345.566.040', 'D12.644.504.111', 'D12.644.641.040'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.455.849.291.300'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.504.400', 'D13.695.667.454.504.400', 'D13.695.827.426.504.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.340', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.340', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.340'], ['A11.284.149.707'], ['D01.303.350.300.875', 'D01.857.725', 'D25.223.716', 'J01.637.051.223.716']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human serum paraoxonase (PON1) isozymes Q and R hydrolyze lactones and cyclic carbonate esters.
|
It is well established that human serum paraoxonase (PON1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of organophosphate insecticides and nerve agents, as well as that of a number of aromatic carboxylic acid esters. Our laboratory has recently found a new class of PON1 substrates that includes at least 30 lactones and cyclic carbonate esters. The lactone substrates vary in their ring size from 4 to 7 atoms. Substituents on the ring carbons may enhance or reduce the rate of lactone hydrolysis. An appreciable degree of stereospecificity exists with some activities differing up to 9-fold between enantiomers (i.e., S-alpha-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone is hydrolyzed 5 to 9 times faster than the R form). Thiolactones are hydrolyzed less efficiently, and some lactams are potent inhibitors. Four lactone-containing drugs-spironolactone, mevastatin, simvastatin, and lovastatin-have been identified as substrates for PON1. All lactone substrates are hydrolyzed by both the Q and R isozymes of human serum PON1. However, some lactone substrates are hydrolyzed faster by the Q than R isozyme, whereas others show a reverse preference. Moreover, these new substrates include homogentisic acid lactone, mevalonic acid lactone, homocysteine thiolactone, and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid lactone-all lactone forms of endogenous compounds. It is reasonable to expect that further investigations may uncover PON1 lactone substrates that are, themselves, endogenous compounds. In this article we characterize the basic enzymatic properties of PON1's newly identified hydrolytic activities with lactone and cyclic carbonate ester substrates and compare these properties with those of representative arylesters and organophosphates.
|
['Aryldialkylphosphatase', 'Carbonates', 'Esterases', 'Esters', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Isoenzymes', 'Lactones']
| 11,038,162
|
[['D08.811.277.352.660.500'], ['D01.045.125', 'D01.200.275.150', 'D01.248.497.158.165'], ['D08.811.277.352'], ['D02.241.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D02.540']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ureteropelvic junction injuries secondary to blunt abdominal trauma.
|
PURPOSE: To describe the clinical and imaging findings of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) injuries caused by blunt trauma.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In two children (aged 10 and 16 years) and eight adults (aged 23-82 years) with UPJ injuries, findings at computed tomography (CT) (n = 10), excretory urography (n = 6), and retrograde pyelography (n = 8) were retrospectively reviewed to identify the location and extent of contrast material extravasation. Clinical and follow-up data were correlated with radiologic findings.RESULTS: CT and urography played complementary roles in diagnosis. UPJ avulsion, defined as complete transection of the ureter with no filling of the ipsilateral ureter below the level of the UPJ, was diagnosed in four patients. UPJ laceration, defined as contrast material extravasation from the UPJ with contrast material in the ipsilateral ureter distal to the point of injury, was diagnosed in six patients. Medial perirenal contrast extravasation was seen in all 10 patients but failed to help differentiate UPJ avulsion from laceration. A distinctive pattern of contrast material extravasation at CT termed "circumrenal urinoma" was present in five patients and was found to be specific for UPJ injury.CONCLUSION: Medial perinephric contrast material extravasation was highly suggestive of UPJ injury. Demonstration of ureteral filling differentiated UPJ laceration from avulsion.
|
['Abdominal Injuries', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Pelvis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ureter', 'Urography', 'Wounds, Nonpenetrating']
| 9,356,633
|
[['C26.017'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453.537'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['A05.810.776'], ['E01.370.350.700.830', 'E01.370.390.830'], ['C26.974']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of atipamezole, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, on the anesthesia induced by barbiturates and medetomidine.
|
We studied the effects of atipamezole, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, on hypnosis induced by medetomidine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist (1 mg/kg IP), and pentobarbital (40 mg/kg IP) by testing the righting reflex in the rat. The duration of antinociception was assessed with repeated pinch tests. Medetomidine-induced hypnosis and antinociception were inhibited by atipamezole at doses greater than 0.1 mg/kg. Atipamezole restored the righting reflex at a dose ratio that was 1:10 or more to that of medetomidine used to induce hypnosis. Subcutaneous atipamezole (1.5 mg/kg) increased the duration of hypnosis induced by pentobarbital (40 mg/kg) and pentobarbital + medetomidine (0.3 mg/kg). Hypnosis induced by methohexital (60 mg/kg IP) was also prolonged by atipamezole. The capacity of atipamezole to reverse the effects of medetomidine is also reduced in the presence of barbiturates. Thus, atipamezole should be used only at low doses to reverse a combination anesthesia induced by barbiturates and medetomidine.
|
['Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists', 'Anesthesia', 'Anesthetics', 'Animals', 'Barbiturates', 'Drug Interactions', 'Drug Synergism', 'Imidazoles', 'Male', 'Medetomidine', 'Methohexital', 'Nociceptors', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pentobarbital', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Reflex', 'Time Factors']
| 1,354,946
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.100'], ['E03.155'], ['D27.505.696.277.100', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.383.742.698.253'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['D03.383.129.308.521'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.488'], ['A08.675.650.915.875', 'A08.800.950.875', 'A11.671.650.915.875'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.593'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E01.370.376.550.650', 'E01.370.600.550.650', 'F02.830.702', 'G11.561.731'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structures of human and rabbit beta-globin precursor messenger RNAs in solution.
|
The structures in solution of human and rabbit beta-globin precursor messenger RNAs containing their first intervening sequence have been investigated. This was accomplished by chemical probing experiments to determine sites of potential base pairing, and by cross-linking experiments to determine the sites of long-range interactions. Secondary structures for both molecules were predicted by using this information. Both molecules are arranged into two separate domains. The first domain, consisting of the first exon, contains several long-range interactions between the beginning of the molecule and sites adjacent to the donor splice site and a partially conserved stem/loop structure. The second domain contains part of the intervening sequence and the beginning of the second exon. The secondary structures involved in the second domain are different in the two molecules. These studies indicate a lack of connection between the donor and acceptor splice sites in these two molecules on the level of the secondary structure. Furthermore, given the absence of strongly conserved structures, it is unlikely that there could be any strict requirements for secondary structures that influence splice site usage.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Genes', 'Globins', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Plasmids', 'RNA Precursors', 'Rabbits', 'Species Specificity', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Trioxsalen']
| 2,789,996
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['D12.776.422.316'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D13.400.730', 'D13.444.735.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G16.824'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.794.875', 'D03.633.100.150.446.794.875', 'D03.633.300.770.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A study orientation questionnaire in mathematics for use in a tertiary environment.
|
The Study Orientation Questionnaire in Mathematics Tertiary is being developed as a diagnostic measure for South African lecturers and counselors to help students improve their orientation toward the study of mathematics. In this pilot study subjects were freshman black students registered for the Five-year Study Programme in the School of Engineering at the University of Pretoria. During the first phase of the standardisation in 2000, 33 students (28 men; 5 women, M age=19.6, SD=.9) were assessed, and in 2001, 40 students (27 men, 13 women, M age=19.2, SD=.9). In 2002 the questionnaire was administered to 51 students (39 men, 12 women, M age= 19.1, SD= .9). Analysis showed satisfactory reliability coefficients and item-field correlations. Step-wise linear regression in 2001 indicated that a combination of two fields, namely, Information Processing and Problem-solving Behaviour in mathematics, contributed significantly (R2=46.9%) to predicting achievement in calculus. In 2002 one field, Mathematics Confidence, contributed significantly (R2= 25.2%) to that prediction.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude', 'Environment', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Mathematics', 'South Africa', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 15,666,941
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['H01.548'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Development of a gas chromatographic/ion trap mass spectrometric method for the determination of levoglucosan and saccharidic compounds in atmospheric aerosols. Application to urban aerosols.
|
We developed and validated a gas chromatographic/ion trap mass spectrometric method for the determination of levoglucosan and the related monosaccharide anhydrides, mannosan, galactosan and 1,6-anhydro-beta-D-glucofuranose in urban atmospheric aerosols collected on quartz fiber filters. The method is based on extraction with dichloromethane-methanol (80 : 20, v/v), trimethylsilylation, multiple reaction monitoring in the tandem mass spectrometric mode using the ion at m/z 217, and the use of an internal standard calibration procedure with the structurally related compound methyl beta-L-arabinopyranoside. In addition, the method allows the quantification of other saccharidic compounds, arabitol, mannitol, glucose, fructose, inositol and sucrose, which were found to be important in summer aerosols. The recovery of levoglucosan was estimated by spiking blank filters and was better than 90%. The precision evaluated by analyzing parts of the same filters was about 2% for the monosaccharide anhydrides and 7% for the other saccharidic compounds in the case of a winter aerosol sample, and the corresponding values for a summer aerosol sample were 5% and 8%. The method was applied to urban PM(10) (particulate matter of <10 microm aerodynamic diameter) aerosols collected at Ghent, Belgium, during a 2000-2001 winter and a 2001 summer episode and revealed interesting seasonal variations. While monosaccharide anhydrides were relatively more important during the winter season owing to wood burning, the other saccharidic compounds were more prevalent during the summer season, with some of them, if not all, originating from the vegetation.
|
['Aerosols', 'Air Pollutants', 'Cities', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Galactose', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Glucose', 'Mannose', 'Monosaccharides', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 12,489,085
|
[['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['D27.888.284.101'], ['G16.500.275.069', 'N06.230.069', 'Z01.433'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D09.947.875.359.377'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D09.947.875.359.588'], ['D09.947.875'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Comparison of the results obtained by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance for the determination of antibody affinity.
|
The aim of this study was to compare the affinity values obtained for a monoclonal antibody/antigen complex using two different techniques, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approach recently described by Bobrovnik S.A. and by Stevens F.J. These two techniques can be used in particular to determine the equilibrium dissociation constant, K(D), of the complex in solution or on a surface. Bobrovnik's method gives two K(D) values that differ by a factor of 100, demonstrating that two populations of complexes are present in solution. In an initial step, one protein binds relatively weakly to the other (high K(D)) and this is followed by a conformational change in the most flexible portion of the antigen, which increases the affinity (low K(D)). Only the higher of the two K(D) values can be detected when complex formation in solution is investigated using SPR, because the interaction measured concerns the fibronectin/antibody complexes of lowest affinity. In contrast, when measuring association at the sensor surface, SPR gives an average result between the two K(D) values because complexes corresponding to both affinities can form in this situation. The constants that characterise the kinetics of the fibronectin-antibody interaction obtained by SPR and ELISA are therefore different, because the methods do not allow the same phenomena to be observed. However they are consistent and complementary.
|
['Acid-Base Equilibrium', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibody Affinity', 'Antigen-Antibody Reactions', 'Biophysical Phenomena', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Fibronectins', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Mice', 'Protein Binding', 'Surface Plasmon Resonance']
| 19,854,197
|
[['G02.111.007', 'G02.300.176', 'G03.030', 'G07.410.110', 'G09.188.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.040', 'G12.122.125'], ['G12.122'], ['G01.154'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E05.196.890', 'E05.601.043.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lung growth and maturation in the rat model of experimentally induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
|
This paper explores whether, in addition to the previously described lung hypoplasia with arteriolar hypermuscularization present in the nitrofen-induced foetal rat model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), there are changes in the respiratory exchange epithelium, consistent with the hypothesis that abnormal surfactant production and/or release could account in part for the respiratory insufficiency in this condition. Foetal lungs from nitrofen-treated rats were obtained on the 21st day of gestation, weighed and processed for light and electron-microscopic studies and compared to controls of the same age. Tissues from 29 control and 26 CDH foetuses were examined. In addition, lungs from 19 foetuses born to nitrofen-treated dams but without CDH were also studied. The lungs from CDH animals were hypoplastic by weight in comparison with control ones and so were those from treated foetuses without CDH. Airway branching was arrested in CDH at the pseudo-glandular stage of development, corresponding to the 16th day of gestation and the very narrow air spaces were lined by generally mature type II pneumocytes rich in glycogen and lamellar bodies corresponding to the 19th day of gestation. This pattern was in contrast to that of the control foetuses which had a normal terminal sac pattern with flat type I pneumocyte lining corresponding to their gestational age. Nitrofentreated animals without CDH had intermediate patterns. These findings support the hypothesis that the surfactant-producing system has the same lesions in this experimental model as in other less-affordable ones, like the foetal lamb one. Further studies on the contribution of this factor to the altered respiratory physiology in CDH using this model are warranted.
|
['Animals', 'Diaphragm', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Herbicides', 'Hernia, Diaphragmatic', 'Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital', 'Lung', 'Phenyl Ethers', 'Pregnancy', 'Pulmonary Surfactants', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 8,466,881
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.633.567.900.300'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['D27.720.031.700.366', 'D27.888.723.366'], ['C23.300.707.960.500'], ['C16.131.433', 'C23.300.707.960.500.116'], ['A04.411'], ['D02.355.726', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D27.505.954.796.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Oestrogen receptor alpha gene intronic polymorphisms and autoimmune myasthenia gravis in Caucasian women.
|
Autoimmune myasthenia gravis is a disorder with a complex pathomechanism in which sex hormones, in particular oestrogen, have long been considered to play a role. Here we report the result of a case-control study which evaluated the association of two oestrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms with myasthenia gravis in Caucasian patients. PvuII (rs2234693) and XbaI (rs9340799) restriction fragment polymorphisms of the oestrogen receptor alpha gene were analyzed in 113 female myasthenia patients and 184 female controls. Distribution of these polymorphisms was compared with PCR-RFLP. Patients were divided into groups according to their oestrogen receptoralpha genotypes, and acetylcholine receptor antibody status and age of onset were compared between the groups. We found no significant difference between any of the groups implying that these two polymorphisms probably do not play a role in the pathomechanism of myasthenia gravis in Caucasian women.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Estrogen Receptor alpha', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Myasthenia Gravis', 'Odds Ratio', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Receptors, Cholinergic', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Young Adult']
| 19,793,653
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.174'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['E05.393.385'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.614.550.500', 'C04.730.856.490', 'C10.114.656', 'C10.574.781.588', 'C10.668.758.725', 'C20.111.258.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.360'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Intranasal nerve growth factor enhances striatal neurogenesis in adult rats with focal cerebral ischemia.
|
Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been proved with the potential of promoting neurogenesis in adult mammalians. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of intranasal (IN) NGF on striatal neurogenesis and functional recovery in adult rats with focal cerebral ischemia. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h, and then reperfused. NGF or vehicle was intranasally administered 24 h after cerebral reperfusion, and the treatments continued for 6 consecutive days there after. All animals were injected with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) twice daily for 5-7 days after MCAO, and sacrificed 1 day and 28 days, respectively, after the last BrdU injection. Neural cell proliferation and survival in different brain regions were analyzed. Functional tests and immunohistochemical staining were also performed. The results showed that treatment with IN NGF failed to increase cell proliferation but improved survival of newly generated cells in ipsilateral striatum and subventricular zones (SVZ). Double immunofluorescence with BrdU and neuronal nuclei protein, a mature neuronal marker, were increased in striatum and SVZ in rats treated with IN NGF. The functional recovery was also observed at time of neurogenesis enhancement in striate. In conclusion, IN NGF may enhance neurogenesis and survival of newly generated cells, which may result in improved functional recovery after cerebral ischemia.
|
['Administration, Intranasal', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery', 'Male', 'Nerve Growth Factor', 'Neurogenesis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reperfusion Injury']
| 21,348,576
|
[['E02.319.267.120.655.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200.450', 'C10.228.140.300.510.200.387', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200.450', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200.450', 'C14.907.253.560.200.387', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200.450', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200.450', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200.450'], ['D12.644.276.860.437', 'D12.776.467.860.437', 'D12.776.631.600.437', 'D23.529.850.437'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C14.907.725', 'C23.550.767.877']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The adenovirus L3 23-kilodalton proteinase cleaves the amino-terminal head domain from cytokeratin 18 and disrupts the cytokeratin network of HeLa cells.
|
Immunofluorescence studies revealed that adenovirus induces a reorganization of the cytokeratin system in lytically infected HeLa cells. At 24 h postinfection, the cytokeratin network began to disassemble into prominent spheroid globules. By 36 h postinfection, host cell lysis occurred, accompanied by the formation of perinuclear cytokeratin clumps and additional spheroid globules. Immunoblots detected 41- and 44-kDa fragments of cytokeratin 18 and reduced levels of cytokeratin 7 at 24 and 36 h postinfection. Cytokeratin proteins isolated from HeLa cells at 36 h postinfection were deficient in filament polymerization. The 41-kDa proteolytic cytokeratin 18-specific fragment was purified, and its amino-terminal sequence was determined to be GGIQNEKETM. These residues correspond to amino acids 74 through 83 of cytokeratin 18, identifying a cleavage site at the junction of the globular head domain and the alpha-helical rod domain. Moreover, this truncation event occurs at a consensus cleavage site for the adenovirus L3 23-kDa proteinase. The temperature-sensitive mutant H2-ts1, which contains a mutation in the proteinase, neither induced cleavage of cytokeratin 18 nor precipitated the formation of spheroid globules during lytic infection at the nonpermissive temperature. The active proteinase is therefore required for cleavage of cytokeratin 18 and morphological rearrangement of the cytokeratins. We suggest that disruptions in the cytokeratin system weaken the mechanical integrity of the cell, thus promoting host cell lysis and release of progeny virions.
|
['Adenoviruses, Human', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Endopeptidases', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Intermediate Filaments', 'Keratins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis', 'Time Factors']
| 7,684,469
|
[['B04.280.030.500.350'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.410'], ['D05.750.078.593.450', 'D12.776.220.475.450', 'D12.776.860.607'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.558'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Satisfaction with care among low-income female outpatients.
|
Patient satisfaction correlates with important health behaviors and outcomes. Little is known about satisfaction in disadvantaged populations of different racial/ethnic backgrounds. The current study evaluated demographic and psychological correlates of patient satisfaction among a low-income, multiethnic sample of female outpatients attending cervical cancer screening. Participants included 338 African American, Latina, and white women ages 18 - 49 years attending University of Texas Medical Branch Regional Maternal & Child Health Clinics. Data were obtained via self-report and chart review. Patient satisfaction was assessed using the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ). Total PSQ scores reflected two distinct underlying subscales (satisfaction and dissatisfaction), which differed from the original factor structure of the PSQ. Satisfaction was predicted by patient beliefs that their health is self-determined, beliefs that doctors control their health, self-esteem, and education. Dissatisfaction was predicted by patient beliefs that good health is a matter of chance/luck, self-esteem, social desirability, and income. Higher self-esteem, education, and beliefs that health is controlled by oneself or doctors correlated with higher satisfaction with care in the clinic setting. Understanding the influence of patient characteristics on perceptions of care is important for physicians to foster relationships with patients that increase feelings of satisfaction, decrease dissatisfaction, and ultimately, improve health outcomes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Ambulatory Care', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Poverty', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Texas']
| 17,510,904
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.760.106', 'N02.421.585.106'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Lipid peroxidation in brain tissue of newborn rats derived from two models of disturbed pregnancy.
|
Two models of disturbed pregnancy, both causing decreased fetal body mass, were used: the endotoxin-model (treatment of pregnant rats with heat-denaturated bacterial material) and the stress-model (chronic restraint of prenatally lithium-treated pregnant dams). Fetuses were delivered by Caesarean section in the morning of the 21st gestational day. After disturbed pregnancy lipid peroxidation (iron-stimulated formation of thiobarbituric acid reagible substances) was not changed in 9,000 g supernatant of total brain. The values of all groups were higher after determination in frozen/thawed tissue in comparison to freshly prepared material. The results do not indicate an enhanced vulnerability of brain tissue after both models of disturbed pregnancy.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Brain', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Fetal Growth Retardation', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 8,329,876
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C13.703.277.370', 'C16.300.390', 'C23.550.393.450'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dislocation after total hip arthroplasty: risk factors and treatment options.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the setting for dislocations and redislocations after primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), identify risk factors and optimize treatment.METHODS: This study included 56 patients with a dislocated hip following THA (n=5,205) between 1984 and 2005 and a matched control group (n=55). Hospital charts and radiographs of all patients in both groups were analyzed. Thirty-one patients in the study group were followed both clinically and radiologically.RESULTS: The dislocation rate after primary THA was 1.1% (56/5,205) and the redislocation rate after a first occurrence was as high as 39%. There was a positive correlation between the time intervals from the surgery to first dislocation and from the first dislocation to second dislocation (r=0.4). Most of the primary dislocations occurred within a short period of time after surgery, thus favoring consecutive dislocations. Female gender, as well as revision arthroplasty, was associated with a higher incidence of dislocations. No relation was found between the orientation of the acetabular cup and dislocation.CONCLUSION: To prevent redislocations after the first occurrence, we suggest thorough evaluation of possible technical faults which should be addressed surgically. Considering the high redislocation rate, we also advocate a stringent conservative treatment regime especially after the first THA dislocation.
|
['Adult', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Female', 'Hip Dislocation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Matched-Pair Analysis', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Recurrence', 'Reoperation', 'Risk Factors']
| 23,619,542
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.555.110.110.110', 'E04.650.110.110', 'E04.680.101.110.110'], ['C05.550.518.384', 'C26.289.384', 'C26.531.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.485', 'E05.318.740.475', 'N05.715.360.325.500', 'N05.715.360.750.500', 'N06.850.520.445.485', 'N06.850.520.830.475'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in patients with large adrenal tumors.
|
OBJECTIVES: The maximum size of adrenal tumors that should be removed by laparoscopic adrenalectomy is controversial. We conducted a retrospective comparison of the results of laparoscopic adrenalectomy between patients with adrenal tumors > or =6 cm ('large tumors') and patients with adrenal tumors <6 cm ('small tumors').METHODS: The participants in the study were 16 patients with large tumors and 111 patients with small tumors. The patients comprised 59 men and 68 women (mean age, 49.0 years; age range, 23-79) with varying diagnoses. Of the 16 patients with large tumors, five had Cushing's syndrome, four had pheochromocytomas, six had a non-functional tumor and one had malignant lymphoma. Adrenal tumors were confirmed by hormonal assays, biochemical tests and computed tomography. Of the 16 large tumors, five tumors were on the right and 11 were on the left.RESULTS: We found no significant differences in general demographic parameters between patients with large and small tumors. The mean duration of surgery was not significantly different between two groups. (large tumors, 210 min; small tumors,175 min). The mean volume of blood loss was 212 mL for large tumors and 30 mL for small tumors (P < 0.001, significant difference). There was no significant difference in time until walking, duration of hospitalization or number of using analgesics used. The time to first oral intake of group 1 (<6 cm) was significantly shorter than group 2 (> or =6 cm). Tumor size (> or =7.5 cm) was an independent predictor of a longer operation and greater blood loss in large tumors.CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for large tumors was safe and minimally invasive.
|
['Adrenal Gland Neoplasms', 'Adrenalectomy', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Cushing Syndrome', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Lymphoma', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pheochromocytoma', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 15,733,106
|
[['C04.588.322.078', 'C19.053.347', 'C19.344.078'], ['E04.270.115'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.414.300', 'C23.550.505.300'], ['C19.053.800.367'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.700.725', 'C04.557.580.625.650.700.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A Formative Program Evaluation of Electronic Clinical Tracking System Documentation to Meet National Core Competencies.
|
Electronic clinical tracking systems are used in many educational institutions of higher learning to document advanced practice registered nursing students' clinical experiences. Students' clinical experiences are constructed according to the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties core competencies. These competencies form a basis for evaluation of advanced practice registered nursing programs. However, no previous studies have evaluated the use of electronic clinical tracking systems to validate students' clinical experiences in meeting national core competencies. Medatrax, an electronic clinical tracking system, is evaluated using a formative program evaluation approach to determine if students' clinical documentations meet Family/Across the Lifespan Nurse Practitioner Competencies in a midsouthern family nurse practitioner program. This formative program evaluation supports the use of an electronic clinical tracking system in facilitating accreditation and program outcome goals. The significance of this study is that it provides novel evidence to support the use of an electronic clinical tracking system to assist a midsouthern school of nursing in meeting national core competencies.
|
['Advanced Practice Nursing', 'Clinical Competence', 'Curriculum', 'Documentation', 'Education, Nursing, Graduate', 'Electronic Health Records', 'Faculty, Nursing', 'Humans', 'Program Evaluation', 'Students, Nursing']
| 27,270,632
|
[['H02.478.676.074'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.158'], ['L01.453.245'], ['I02.358.337.450', 'I02.358.462.565'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625.500', 'N04.452.859.564.650.125', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530.250', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625.250'], ['M01.526.485.390', 'M01.526.702.250.473', 'N02.360.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['M01.848.769.685']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Studies on a case of HHH-syndrome (hyperammonemia, hyperornithinemia, homocitrullinuria).
|
A patient with the hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia, homocitrullinuria syndrome is described. This patient represents the 12th documented case of this rare, presumably autosomal recessive condition. Increased levels of ammonia, ornithine and homocitrulline were demonstrated in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The blood ammonia concentration could be lowered by supplementation of the diet with low doses of arginine. High doses of arginine precipitated seizures, although plasma levels of arginine and ornithine were not altered. The uptake of ornithine by the particulate fraction of the patient's fibroblasts was lower than that of controls, but still measurable. It is suggested that HHH patients have a partial impairment of the uptake of ornithine by mitochondria.
|
['Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors', 'Amino Acids', 'Ammonia', 'Biological Transport', 'Child, Preschool', 'Citrulline', 'Fibroblasts', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Ornithine', 'Psychomotor Disorders', 'Seizures', 'Syndrome']
| 3,960,284
|
[['C16.320.565.100', 'C18.452.648.100'], ['D12.125'], ['D01.362.075', 'D01.625.050'], ['G03.143'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D12.125.095.226'], ['A11.329.228'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.125.068.665', 'D12.125.095.765'], ['C10.597.606.881', 'C23.888.592.604.882', 'F01.700.875'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mice lacking lipid droplet-associated hydrolase, a gene linked to human prostate cancer, have normal cholesterol ester metabolism.
|
Variations in the gene LDAH (C2ORF43), which encodes lipid droplet-associated hydrolase (LDAH), are among few loci associated with human prostate cancer. Homologs of LDAH have been identified as proteins of lipid droplets (LDs). LDs are cellular organelles that store neutral lipids, such as triacylglycerols and sterol esters, as precursors for membrane components and as reservoirs of metabolic energy. LDAH is reported to hydrolyze cholesterol esters and to be important in macrophage cholesterol ester metabolism. Here, we confirm that LDAH is localized to LDs in several model systems. We generated a murine model in which Ldah is disrupted but found no evidence for a major function of LDAH in cholesterol ester or triacylglycerol metabolism in vivo, nor a role in energy or glucose metabolism. Our data suggest that LDAH is not a major cholesterol ester hydrolase, and an alternative metabolic function may be responsible for its possible effect on development of prostate cancer.
|
['Animals', 'Cholesterol Esters', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Lipid Droplets', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Serine Proteases', 'Triglycerides']
| 27,836,991
|
[['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284.200', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197.200', 'D10.570.938.208.250'], ['G03.295'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.393'], ['G03.458'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D08.811.277.656.959'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
mRNA decay factor AUF1 maintains normal aging, telomere maintenance, and suppression of senescence by activation of telomerase transcription.
|
Inflammation is associated with DNA damage, cellular senescence, and aging. Cessation of the inflammatory cytokine response is mediated in part through cytokine mRNA degradation facilitated by RNA-binding proteins, including AUF1. We report a major function of AUF1-it activates telomerase expression, suppresses cellular senescence, and maintains normal aging. AUF1-deficient mice undergo striking telomere erosion, markedly increased DNA damage responses at telomere ends, pronounced cellular senescence, and rapid premature aging that increases with successive generations, which can be rescued in AUF1 knockout mice and their cultured cells by resupplying AUF1 expression. AUF1 binds and strongly activates the transcription promoter for telomerase catalytic subunit Tert. In addition to directing inflammatory cytokine mRNA decay, AUF1 destabilizes cell-cycle checkpoint mRNAs, preventing cellular senescence. Thus, a single gene, AUF1, links maintenance of telomere length and normal aging to attenuation of inflammatory cytokine expression and inhibition of cellular senescence.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Anticipation, Genetic', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cellular Senescence', 'DNA Damage', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D0', 'Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D', 'Immunoblotting', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, 129 Strain', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'RNA Stability', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Telomerase', 'Telomere', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 22,633,954
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['C23.550.291.687.500.500', 'G05.420.040'], ['A11.251'], ['G04.043'], ['G05.200'], ['A16.254'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D12.776.157.725.813.750.300.500', 'D12.776.664.962.813.750.300.500'], ['D12.776.157.725.813.750.300', 'D12.776.664.962.813.750.300'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.025', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.025', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500.025'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.780'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.750', 'D12.776.157.687.613', 'D12.776.157.725.500.921', 'D12.776.660.720.613', 'D12.776.664.962.500.921'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.845', 'G05.360.160.845'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Physician gender and screening: do patient differences account for differences in mammography use?
|
Women are more likely to receive mammography if they see a female, rather than a male, physician (Lurie et al., 1993). This difference in mammography use could arise from differences in the behavior of male and female physicians, or from differences in their patients. This paper examines the extent to which differences in mammography use are attributable to physician differences, controlling for patient differences, and expands on previous research by examining both demographic and attitudinal differences between the patients of male and female physicians. A population based sample of Washington State women (n = 852) between the ages of 50 and 80 years old were asked to complete an extensive telephone interview regarding their demographic and attitudinal characteristics, their mammography use, and the gender of their primary care physician. Women patients of male and female physicians were not found to differ significantly in their education, financial status, employment, assertiveness with their physician, or values regarding physician characteristics including preventive care and communication skills. Analyses conducted to examine the contribution of physician gender to mammography use revealed almost a two-fold reduction in screening associated with having a male physician (adjusted odds ratio 1.95; p < .05). Differences in mammography use associated with male and female physicians do not appear to arise from characteristic demographic or attitudinal differences between their patient populations.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Attitude to Health', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mammography', 'Middle Aged', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Physicians, Women', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Washington']
| 9,311,098
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['M01.526.485.810.820', 'M01.975.790', 'N02.360.810.820'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.580.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Radioimmunoassay for human pancreatic chymotrypsin and measurement of serum immunoreactive chymotrypsin contents in various diseases.
|
A radioimmunoassay for human pancreatic chymotrypsin II has been developed. Serum immunoreactive chymotrypsin II content in healthy individuals ranged from 14.7 ng/ml to 77.5 ng/ml, the average being 37.5 ng/ml (SD = 19.6). Elevated values were observed in patients with acute pancreatitis and renal failure. After total pancreatectomy, serum immunoreactive chymotrypsin II was not detectable. A significant positive correlation was observed between serum immunoreactive chymotrypsin II and cationic trypsin contents.
|
['Antibody Specificity', 'Chymotrypsin', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatic Diseases', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Stomach Neoplasms']
| 6,622,821
|
[['G12.100'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.176', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.176'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['A03.734'], ['C06.689'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Focal neurological signs in cerebral malaria accounted for by preceding neurological damage.
|
In 1987 at Port Moresby General Hospital, Papua New Guinea, two out of 103 adults with a final diagnosis of cerebral malaria had focal neurological signs noted on admission. In both cases the focal signs could be explained by documented prior neurological disease with residual focal damage. Focal neurological signs in patients presenting with malaria should prompt careful investigation to exclude other active neurological disease. Where no additional diagnosis is evident a history of past neurological damage may become apparent to explain the focal nature of the malaria presentation.
|
['Adult', 'Brain Diseases', 'Consciousness', 'Female', 'Hemiplegia', 'Humans', 'Malaria', 'Male', 'Papua New Guinea', 'Quinine', 'Seizures']
| 2,760,971
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.140'], ['F02.463.188.409', 'F02.830.233'], ['C10.597.622.295', 'C23.888.592.636.312'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['Z01.639.760.590.715'], ['D03.132.206.719', 'D03.605.687.762', 'D03.633.100.810.762'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
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