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p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in colorectal carcinoma correlates with advanced disease stage and p53 mutations.
|
Defects in the mechanisms controlling the cell cycle are crucial in cell transformation and/or tumour progression. p21WAF1/CIP1 is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, induced by p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways, which can block progression through the cell cycle. p21WAF1/CIP1 expression has been investigated immunohistochemically in a series of 191 patients with colorectal cancer of known p53 status. The purpose of the study was two-fold: to assess the relationship between p21WAF1/CIP1 immunoreactivity and p53 alterations, and to evaluate the prognostic significance of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression. In 96 carcinomas (51 per cent), p21WAF1/CIP1 was expressed in over 10 per cent of tumour cells, whereas in 26, p21WAF1/CIP1 was detected in under 10 per cent of neoplastic cells; 69 tumours lacked p21WAF1/CIP1 expression. Immunoreactivity was more frequent in tumours of the right colon (p < 0.003) and was inversely correlated with tumour stage (p < 0.03), p53 gene mutations (p < 0.0007), p53 protein accumulation (p < 0.019), and Bcl-2 expression (p < 0.0005). In univariate analysis, down-regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression was associated with poor overall (p = 0.0022) and disease-free survival (p = 0.0009). Multivariate analysis, however, did not confirm any independent prognostic significance of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression. The results indicate that p21WAF1/CIP1 is associated with abnormal accumulation of p53 protein and the occurrence of p53 gene mutations in colorectal cancer and that lack of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression is correlated with reduced patient survival in univariate analysis. These data underline the crucial pathogenetic role of the p53-p21WAF1/CIP1 pathway in carcinomas of the large bowel.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21', 'Cyclins', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Genes, p53', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Survival Rate']
| 10,398,083
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['D12.644.360.225.500', 'D12.776.157.687.250', 'D12.776.167.187.500', 'D12.776.476.225.500', 'D12.776.624.776.355.500', 'D12.776.660.720.250'], ['D12.644.360.262', 'D12.776.167.218', 'D12.776.476.262'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.385', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.624'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Management of obesity: a challenge for medical training and practice.
|
Health-care providers are in a unique position to encourage people to make healthy lifestyle choices. However, lifestyle modification counseling is a complex task, made even more so by the cultural and socioeconomic diversity of patient populations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of attending and physician-in-training weight control counseling in an urban academic internal medicine clinic serving a unique low-income multiethnic high-risk population. In 2006, patients (n = 256) from the Associates in Internal Medicine clinic (Division of General Medicine at the New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY) were recruited and completed a questionnaire, which assessed demographic variables, health conditions, access to health-care services, physician weight control counseling, and weight loss attempts. Seventy-nine percent of subjects were either overweight or obese. Only 65% of obese subjects were advised to lose weight. Attending physicians were more likely than physicians-in-training to counsel subjects on weight control (P < 0.01). Factors that were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with different types of weight control counseling included obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, female gender, nonblack race, college education, married status, and attending physician. Subjects advised to lose weight were more likely to report an attempt to lose weight (P < 0.01). Rates of weight control counseling among physicians are suboptimal, particularly among physicians-in-training. Training programs need to promote effective clinical obesity prevention and treatment strategies that address socioeconomic, linguistic, and cultural factors.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Counseling', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Education, Medical', 'Educational Status', 'Employment', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Income', 'Life Style', 'Male', 'Marital Status', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Characteristics']
| 19,107,125
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['I02.358.399'], ['N01.824.196'], ['N01.824.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.824.417'], ['F01.829.458'], ['F01.829.263.315.500', 'I01.240.361.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500', 'N01.224.361.500', 'N01.824.308.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G08.686.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Purification and characterization of a novel peptide with antifungal activity from Bothrops jararaca venom.
|
Different peptides have been isolated from a wide range of animal species. It is has become increasingly clear that due to the development of antibiotic-resistant microbes, antibacterial and antifungal peptides have attracted the attention in recent years, in order to find new therapeutic agents. In this work, a novel peptide with high inhibitory activity against fungi growth have been isolated from the venom of the Brazilian snake Bothrops jararaca. A Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration column was employed for further separation of proteins. The FV fraction with high antifungal activity was named Pep5Bj, pooled and submitted to reverse-phase chromatography in HPLC. The fraction containing the isolated peptide inhibited the growth of different phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and yeast (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The peptide minimal inhibitory concentration is comparable to other known antifungal peptides, like insect defensins and cecropins, found in the last years in a large diversity of animals. We investigate F. oxysporum cells membrane permeabilization using SYTOX Green uptake, an organic compound that fluoresces upon interaction with nucleic acids after penetration in cell with compromised plasma membranes. When viewed under fluorescence optical microscopy, F. oxysporum cells exposed to Pep5Bj display strong SYTOX Green fluorescence in the cytosol, especially in the nuclei. The SYTOX Green data suggested that this effect is related to membrane permeabilization. The molecular masses of this peptide was obtained by MALDI-TOF spectrometry and corresponded to 1370Da.
|
['Animals', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Bothrops', 'Crotalid Venoms', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Fungi', 'Glucose', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Peptides']
| 15,904,677
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.672.125.937.240.375'], ['D20.888.850.960.200', 'D23.946.833.850.960.200'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.300'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D02'], ['D12.644']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Temperature acclimation and oxygen binding properties of blood of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla.
|
Temperature acclimation of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, resulted in red cell GTP/Hb molar ratios of 1.20, 1.77 and 0.80 at 2, 17 and 29 degrees C, respectively. A small increase in blood oxygen capacity was present in 29 degrees C acclimated eels. The CO2 Bohr effect and the shape of the oxygen binding curve (n-Hill) were invariant with both temperature and GTP/Hb. The significant differences in the GTP/Hb ratio corresponded with a strong enhancement of the temperature effect on blood oxygen affinity between 2 and 17 degrees C and a similarly strong compensation between 17 and 29 degrees C. Predicted in vivo P50 values were 3.0, 13.8 and 17.6 mmHg at 2 degrees C, 17 and 29 degrees C, respectively. The adaptational value of these findings are discussed in relation to standard metabolic rates at the various temperatures. A tentative hypothesis is proposed that the present study confirms and expands earlier work and supports the contention that adjustments in blood oxygen affinity of thermally acclimated teleosts serve to provide them with an unloading O2 tension for diffusion closely matching the standard oxygen requirements at the various temperatures.
|
['Acclimatization', 'Anguilla', 'Animals', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Guanosine Triphosphate', 'Hemoglobins', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Oxygen', 'Species Specificity', 'Temperature']
| 2,859,959
|
[['G07.025.133', 'G16.012.500.133'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.338.282'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.504', 'D13.695.667.454.504', 'D13.695.827.426.504'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G16.824'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Randomised double-blind cross-over trial of potassium on blood-pressure in normal subjects.
|
A randomised double-blind cross-over study of increased oral potassium 64 mmol a day versus placebo was conducted in 20 young healthy males on normal sodium unrestricted diet. A significantly greater proportion had lower systolic and diastolic blood-pressures on potassium than on placebo. The mean diastolic pressure was significantly lowered, by 2.4 mm Hg, during potassium supplementation. Change in diastolic pressure correlated negatively with change in 24-hour urinary potassium and positively which change in 24-hour urinary sodium/potassium ratio in individual subjects.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Diastole', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Potassium', 'Random Allocation', 'Sodium']
| 6,128,451
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['G09.330.580.295', 'G11.427.494.554.250', 'G11.427.494.570.295'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A retrospective clinicopathologic study of 212 dogs with cutaneous hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas.
|
The relationship between skin pigmentation and piliation and the development of hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue was studied in 212 dogs. These 212 dogs had a combined total of 306 tumors; 38 of these 212 dogs had two or more of the same tumor in a different location or a combination of hemangioma and hemangiosarcoma. The average age of the dogs at the time of excision of these tumors was greater than 10 years. There was no sex predilection for the presence or absence of tumors. Cutaneous hemangiomas (73%) were more common than cutaneous hemangiosarcomas (27%). Hemangiomas had no predilection for dermis (51%) or subcutaneous tissue (47%), but hemangiosarcomas had a marked predilection for dermis (73%) over subcutaneous tissue (7%). Dogs with short hair coats and lightly pigmented skin had more hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas of the dermis (65%) than did dogs with variable length hair coats and pigmentation (28%). Dogs with short hair coats and lightly pigmented skin had fewer hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas of the subcutaneous tissue (10%) than did dogs with variable length hair coats and pigmentation (22%). Dogs with short hair coats and lightly pigmented skin also had more hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas of ventral glabrous skin (65%) than did dogs with variable length hair coats and pigmentation (22%). In addition, there was no predilection of subcutaneous hemangiosarcoma for haired (33%) versus glabrous (33%) skin, but dermal hemangiosarcoma had a marked predilection for the glabrous skin (63%) when compared with haired skin (10%). The increased incidence of dermal hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas in ventral glabrous skin suggests an association between solar radiation and the biologic properties of glabrous skin in the genesis of these tumors.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Breeding', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hair', 'Hemangioma', 'Hemangiosarcoma', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sex Factors', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Skin Pigmentation']
| 1,514,218
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A17.360'], ['C04.557.645.375'], ['C04.557.450.795.390', 'C04.557.645.390'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['E01.370.600.115.450.500', 'E01.370.600.620.750', 'G07.100.175.500', 'G13.750.837', 'G16.690.890']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Stroke and intracranial venous thrombosis during pregnancy and puerperium.
|
OBJECTIVES: To determine nationally representative estimates of the incidence of stroke and intracranial venous thrombosis during pregnancy and the puerperium, and to identify potential risk factors for these conditions.METHODS: National Hospital Discharge Survey data were analyzed for the period 1979 to 1991. Nationally representative estimates of risk were calculated by age, race, presence of pregnancy-related hypertension, census region, hospital ownership, and number of hospital beds. Multivariate models were developed using logistic regression.RESULTS: There were an estimated 8,918 cases of stroke and 5,723 cases of intracranial venous thrombosis during pregnancy and the puerperium in the United States among 50,264,631 deliveries, giving risks of 17.7 cases of stroke and 11.4 cases of intracranial venous thrombosis per 100,000 deliveries. In the multivariate models, stroke was associated strongly with pregnancy-related hypertension, larger hospital size, and proprietary hospital ownership, and inversely associated with living in the South. Intracranial venous thrombosis was associated with maternal age.CONCLUSIONS: Stroke and intracranial venous thrombosis are relatively common complications of pregnancy and the puerperium. Collectively, rates for these conditions are about 50% greater for the entire period of pregnancy and the puerperium than for the immediate peripartum period.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Incidence', 'Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Postpartum Period', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic', 'Risk Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States', 'Venous Thrombosis']
| 9,855,513
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C10.228.140.300.525', 'C14.907.253.566', 'C14.907.355.590.213'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['G08.686.702'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.667', 'C15.378.785'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['C14.907.355.830.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Recent progress and perspectives in the field of fibrinolysis].
|
Employing newly developed imaging techniques, the spatio-temporal regulatory mechanism of fibrinolysis by platelets and vascular endothelial cells has been clarified. Upon activation, platelets release polyphosphate and inhibitors of fibrinolysis, and modify fibrin fibers which are relatively resistant to fibrinolysis. Platelets, in turn, initiate fibrinolysis. The details of the mechanism by which vascular endothelial cells (VECs) maintain high fibrinolytic potential, as well as how VECs develop anti-fibrinolytic activity, have also been clarified. These mechanisms as well as their modifications in response to inflammation are discussed herein. Newly developed drugs targeting fibrinolytic components are also introduced.
|
['Antifibrinolytic Agents', 'Blood Platelets', 'Drug Design', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Fibrinolysis', 'Humans', 'Inflammation']
| 27,076,246
|
[['D27.505.519.421.500', 'D27.505.954.502.270.463.091'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['A11.436.275'], ['G09.188.390.150.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Complications of laparoscopic procedures of inguinal hernias, diagnosed on colonoscopy].
|
AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim was to assess significance of colonoscopy in detection of inguinal hernias - dislocation of the mesh into the lumen of the large intestine, following inguinal hernia laparoscopic procedures (TAPP).MATERIAL, METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: From 01-01-2004 to 31-12-2006, the authors performed 3 colonoscopies in 3 subjects after TAPP inguinal hernia laparoscopic procedures. The subjects included 2 males and 1 female, 4 to 9 months after the laparoscopic procedure, colonoscopy was performed, which was indicated for the lower abdominal pain and enterorrhagia. However, no signs of a relapsing hernia were recorded. Endoscopy detected irritation and bleeding of the sigmoid, and a mesh, which passed through the intestinal wall was detec ted in the sigmoid lumen. The subjects were then reoperated and the mesh was removed. In one subject, resection of the sigmoid had to be performed as well. The subject recovered.CONCLUSION: The postoperative complications of the TAPP procedure included dislocation of the mesh into the intestinal lumen. Detection of the mesh dislocation into the lumen of the large intestine facilitates indication for surgical management.
|
['Aged', 'Colonoscopy', 'Device Removal', 'Female', 'Hernia, Inguinal', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Reoperation', 'Surgical Mesh']
| 17,969,978
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['E04.199'], ['C23.300.707.374.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.690'], ['E07.858.708']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
NYHA Class II subgrouping: correlation with left ventricular dysfunction questionnaire (LVD-36) and ejection fraction.
|
AIM: NYHA classification divides into four classes. Although subjective and lacking of standardization, NYHA class II is in clinical practice often further subgrouped in IIA and IIB, where IIA class can be defined as dyspnea after running or climbing ? 2 ramps of stairs, and IIB class as dyspnea after fast walking or climbing 2 ramps of stairs. Validation of NYHA IIA and IIB sub-grouping was performed with left ventricular dysfunction questionnaire (LVD-36) results and echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction.METHODS: The study includes a total of 127 patients with both systolic and diastolic heart failure (mean age 65 ± 17, range 38-85 years). Sixteen patients were in NYHA class I, 81 patients in NYHA class II (45 in class IIA and 36 in class IIB) and 30 in class III.RESULTS: In class IIA patients' mean age was 64 ± 9 years, LVD-36 score 31.79 ± 14.06, EF 43 ± 10% (P = ns, P<0.001 and P=ns, respectively, vs. class I patients). In class IIB patients' mean age was 67 ± 10 years, LVD-36 score 48.90 ± 15.51, EF 39 ± 12% (P = ns, P < 0.0001 and P = ns, respectively, vs. IIA patients). In class III patients' mean age was 65 ± 11 years, LVD-36 score 65.17 ± 16.35, EF 32.77 ± 12.91% (P = ns, P < 0.01 and P = ns, respectively, compared with class IIB).CONCLUSION: NYHA class II sub-grouping appears an accurate method of classification and could represent a further useful tool in monitoring functional capacity of heart failure patients. NYHA class II sub-grouping correlates well with patients functional impairment and can therefore be implemented as an accurate method to better characterize heart failure patients.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Stroke Volume', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Terminology as Topic', 'Ultrasonography', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']
| 20,938,411
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['L01.559.598.400'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['C14.280.945.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Antidepressant administration has a differential effect on rat brain alpha 2-adrenoceptor sensitivity to agonists and antagonists.
|
The aim of this study was to characterize the action of antidepressants on rat brain alpha 2-adrenoceptor function by examining their effect on the yohimbine-sensitive component of the cAMP response to adrenoceptor agonists. Using a prelabeling technique for measuring cAMP accumulation, it was found that chronic (2 weeks) administration of antidepressants increased the potency of yohimbine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, to inhibit norepinephrine-stimulated cAMP accumulation in rat brain cerebral cortical slices. In contrast, antidepressant treatment decreased the ability of the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist 6-fluoronorepinephrine to augment isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation. The results suggest that antidepressants alter rat brain alpha 2-adrenergic function by shifting the receptor to antagonist-preferring state. Such an effect may contribute to the change in noradrenoceptor responsiveness that is characteristic of antidepressant administration.
|
['Adrenergic alpha-Agonists', 'Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists', 'Animals', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Male', 'Norepinephrine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 2,880,736
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.100'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Foreign elites from the Oxus civilization? A craniometric study of anomalous burials from Bronze Age Tepe Hissar.
|
Discovery of a small number of individuals in the Period III necropolis at the large northern Iranian Bronze Age site of Tepe Hissar directly associated with a complex of imported artifacts raises the question of whether these individuals represent elites who had access to these exotic commodities, or an imposed foreign elite that may have brought these unusual artifacts from their homelands. The source of the atypical objects is believed to be the Oxus civilization of central Asia. This study investigates the identity of these individuals by employing canonical discriminant function analysis of 20 craniometric variables among 174 adult males from Tepe Hissar Period III and Oxus civilization males from Sapalli tepe and Djarkutan. Dicriminant function analysis provides a strong separation between Tepe Hissar Period III males and Oxus civilization males and a high level of correct assignation by sample (95.8%). Imposition of the five males associated with imported central Asian artifacts from the Period III necropolis indicates that the majority (4/5) are phenetically indistinguishable from other Period III Tepe Hissar males. The results indicate that these individuals most likely represent local elite inhabitants of Tepe Hissar, rather than the presence of an imposed foreign elite. However, given the scarcity of crucial specimens, especially females, and comparative skeletal series, this conclusion must remain tentative.
|
['Adult', 'Anthropology, Physical', 'Anthropometry', 'Emigration and Immigration', 'Face', 'Female', 'Fossils', 'Humans', 'Iran', 'Male', 'Skull', 'Social Class']
| 10,564,573
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.076.368'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['I01.240.600.525.500', 'N01.224.625.525.500', 'N06.850.505.400.700.525.500'], ['A01.456.505'], ['I01.076.368.584.311'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350'], ['A02.835.232.781'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Regulation of D1 dopamine receptor trafficking and signaling by caveolin-1.
|
There is accumulating evidence that G protein-coupled receptor signaling is regulated by localization in lipid raft microdomains. In this report, we determined that the D1 dopamine receptor (D1R) is localized in caveolae, a subset of lipid rafts, by sucrose gradient fractionation and confocal microscopy. Through coimmunoprecipitation and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays, we demonstrated that this localization was mediated by an interaction between caveolin-1 and D1R in COS-7 cells and an isoform-selective interaction between D1R and caveolin-1alpha in rat brain. We determined that the D1R interaction with caveolin-1 required a putative caveolin binding motif identified in transmembrane domain 7. Agonist stimulation of D1R caused translocation of D1R into caveolin-1-enriched sucrose fractions, which was determined to be a result of D1R endocytosis through caveolae. This was found to be protein kinase A-independent and a kinetically slower process than clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Site-directed mutagenesis of the caveolin binding motif at amino acids Phe313 and Trp318 significantly attenuated caveolar endocytosis of D1R. We also found that these caveolin binding mutants had a diminished capacity to stimulate cAMP production, which was determined to be due to constitutive desensitization of these receptors. In contrast, we found that D1Rs had an enhanced ability to maximally generate cAMP in chemically induced caveolae-disrupted cells. Taken together, these data suggest that caveolae has an important role in regulating D1R turnover and signaling in brain.
|
['Amino Acid Motifs', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'COS Cells', 'Caveolae', 'Caveolin 1', 'Cell Membrane', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Cholesterol', 'Endocytosis', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Dopamine D1', 'Signal Transduction']
| 17,699,686
|
[['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['A11.284.149.165.175.160', 'A11.284.149.165.570.160', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.180.160'], ['D12.644.360.024.264', 'D12.776.157.057.010', 'D12.776.476.024.280', 'D12.776.543.990.100.500', 'D12.776.744.287'], ['A11.284.149'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['G04.417'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.400'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intracranial intrasellar kissing carotid arteries: case report.
|
Intracranial "kissing" carotid arteries are a rare variant of the carotid arteries, where both internal carotid arteries deviate medially and touch each other near the midline within the sphenoid sinus or the sphenoid bone, including the sella. This anomaly is particularly important since it may cause or mimic pituitary disease and also may complicate transsphenoidal surgery. We report a rare case of intracranial intrasellar kissing carotid arteries in a 57-years-old woman that was submitted to a computed tomography angiography during investigation of a sudden headache, and to discuss the clinical relevance of this radiological finding.
|
['Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Carotid Artery, Internal', 'Female', 'Headache', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Radiography', 'Sphenoid Bone', 'Sphenoid Sinus']
| 17,607,445
|
[['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['A07.015.114.186.200.230'], ['C23.888.592.612.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.525'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A02.835.232.781.802'], ['A04.531.621.827']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
EGF receptor as a therapeutic target: patient selection and mechanisms of resistance to receptor-targeted drugs.
|
Emerging results from clinical trials of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors indicate good tolerability and at best modest to no clinical activity in a variety of human carcinomas. The lack of molecular evidence to suggest a pathogenic role for the EGFR in most common solid tumors is not inconsistent with the modest clinical activity observed in these single-agent trials. In addition, the lack of enrollment of patients with EGFR-dependent tumors onto these trials leaves open the possibility that these studies may have included some tumors that benefited from these therapies but for which this benefit was diluted and thus not detected within the enrolled patient population at large. These considerations suggest that the enrollment of unselected patients onto trials with EGFR inhibitors should be revisited to identify a cohort of EGFR-dependent tumors against which EGFR inhibitors might exhibit clinical activity. This approach would also exclude patients for whom these drugs will not induce any clinical benefit.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms', 'Patient Selection']
| 14,645,415
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of serum granulocyte colony stimulating factor levels in infants of preeclamptic mothers.
|
In this study we aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels and absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) in infants of preeclamptic mothers. The study group consisted of 31 infants of preeclamptic mothers while the control group consisted of 24 gestational age-adjusted infants of normotensive mothers. G-CSF levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mean G-CSF level was 981.8 +/- 1682.5 (25.7-5924) pg/ml in the study group and 770.8 +/- 1779 (18-8526) pg/ml in control group (p > 0.05). There was no correlation between G-CSF levels and absolute or total neutrophil counts on the 1st, 2nd and 7th days in infants of preeclamptic mothers. There were positive correlations between G-CSF levels and ANC on the 1st and 7th days of life in infants of normotensive mothers. Neutropenia developed in 42.3% of the study group and in 21.7% of the control group on the 1st day of life (p > 0.05). On the 2nd day, neutropenia was observed in 61.5% of the study group and 26.1% of the control group (p = 0.013). Serum G-CSF levels were not low in neutropenic babies of preeclamptic mothers. In contrast, higher G-CSF levels in neutropenic infants suggest impaired G-CSF response in infants of preeclamptic mothers.
|
['Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Very Low Birth Weight', 'Male', 'Neutropenia', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Pregnancy']
| 17,479,645
|
[['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.350', 'D12.776.395.240.200', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.350', 'D23.529.374.410.240.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.375', 'D12.776.395.240.300', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.375', 'D23.529.374.410.240.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.600'], ['C15.378.553.546.184.564'], ['C13.703.395.249'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Relationship between lactate accumulation, LDH activity, LDH isozyme and fibre type distribution in human skeletal muscle.
|
Lactate concentration, total LDH activity and muscle-specific LDH isozymes were determined in pools of the two main types of human skeletal muscle fibres. Analyses were made from biopsy specimens obtained after intense dynamic exercise lasting approximately 30 s. Lactate concentration, total LDH activity and muscle-specific LDH activity displayed higher average values for FT (fast twitch) fibres than for ST (slow twitch) fibres. In addition, positive correlations were found both between the individual percentage of FT fibres and muscle lactate concentration and between lactate concentration and total LDH activity and muscle-specific LDH activity respectively.
|
['Adult', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Lactates', 'Male', 'Muscles', 'Physical Exertion']
| 665,258
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['G11.427.683']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A novel ex vivo murine retina angiogenesis (EMRA) assay.
|
Pathological retinal angiogenesis results from the imbalance of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. In particular, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in retinal neovascularization and various therapeutic VEGF blockers have evolved over time. Nevertheless, new retinal angiogenesis models are crucial for investigating anti-angiogenic therapies and bringing them to patients. Here, we developed a novel ex vivo murine retina angiogenesis (EMRA) assay in which endothelial sprouts originate from mature and quiescent retinal vessels. In this model, retina fragments from adult mice are embedded in a three-dimensional fibrin gel in the presence of human recombinant VEGF. Starting from the 3rd-4th day of incubation, endothelial cell sprouts invading the fibrin gel can be observed under an inverted microscope and measured at different time points thereafter. The effect of VEGF is dose-dependent, maximal stimulation being observed at day 7 for retina fragments stimulated with 25-75 ng/ml of the growth factor. To assess whether the EMRA assay is suitable for testing the activity of anti-angiogenic compounds, retina fragments were incubated with VEGF in the presence of the neutralizing anti-VEGF antibodies bevacizumab and ranibizumab. The results demonstrate that both antibodies inhibit VEGF activity in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the EMRA assay represents a new ex vivo model of retinal neovascularization suitable for the rapid screening of novel anti-angiogenic therapeutics.
|
['Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Antibodies, Neutralizing', 'Bevacizumab', 'Biological Assay', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Fibrin', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Ranibizumab', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Retina', 'Retinal Neovascularization', 'Retinal Vessels', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 23,631,846
|
[['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.244', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.244', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.244'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.375', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.438', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.438'], ['E05.091'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D12.776.124.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E05.481.500.484'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.868', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.868', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.868'], ['D12.776.828'], ['A09.371.729'], ['C11.768.725', 'C23.550.589.500.725'], ['A07.015.611'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Deficiency of C2 component in a 9-year old girl].
|
The authors describe a 9 year-old girl with homozygous deficiency of C2 component, causing null activity of the classical pathway of complement. The girl suffered from several recurrent infections since birth, later developed signs of the Henoch-Sch?nlein disease. At the age of 1 1/2 years she was hospitalized due-to bacterial meningitis, most probably of Neisseria meningitis etiology.
|
['Child', 'Complement C2', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immune System Diseases', 'Infections', 'Meningitis, Bacterial', 'Recurrence']
| 9,289,715
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20'], ['C01'], ['C01.150.252.223.500', 'C01.207.180.500', 'C10.228.228.180.500', 'C10.228.614.280'], ['C23.550.291.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic factors that influence short-term neurodevelopmental outcome in term hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathic neonates.
|
It is difficult to predict outcome in neonates that experience perinatal hypoxic ischaemia. Morbidity and mortality may be affected by genetic factors that augment inflammatory and coagulative responses. This prospective study analysed the effects of proinflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms (tumour necrosis factor-á [TNFA] 308G>A and interleukin-6 [IL6] 174G>C) and prothrombotic factor gene mutations (prothrombin G20210A, factor V Leiden G1691A and methylenetetra hydrofolate reductase [MTHFR] C677T) on the early neurological prognosis in 40 term hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathic neonates. There were significant relationships for Sarnat and Sarnat staging with electroencephalographic findings, transfontanelle ultrasound (US) results, early neonatal outcome and neurological morbidity. Genetic mutations in the prothrombotic proteins, the TNFA 308G>A polymorphism and the cerebrospinal fluid levels of TNF-á protein were not related to clinical stage, electroencephalography, transfontanelle US or neurological status at discharge or at postnatal months 6 and 12. The IL6 174GC genotype demonstrated a protective role, being significantly correlated with normal electroencephalography, transfontanelle US and normal neurological findings at discharge. In conclusion, the IL6 174GC gene polymorphism seems to play a role in determining the risk and/or severity of perinatal cerebral injury.
|
['Asphyxia Neonatorum', 'Coma', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Echoencephalography', 'Factor V', 'Female', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Interleukin-6', 'Male', 'Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)', 'Multiple Organ Failure', 'Muscle Hypotonia', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Prospective Studies', 'Prothrombin', 'Seizures', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 22,117,975
|
[['C16.614.092'], ['C10.597.606.358.800.200', 'C23.888.592.604.359.800.200'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.260', 'E01.370.350.700.560.260', 'E01.370.350.850.260', 'E01.370.376.537.750.260', 'E05.629.937.260'], ['D12.776.124.125.300', 'D12.776.811.272', 'D23.119.300'], ['E05.393.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.716', 'C10.228.140.624.500', 'C14.907.253.092.716', 'C23.888.852.079.797.500'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D08.811.682.662.290', 'D12.776.331.775'], ['C23.550.835.525'], ['C10.597.613.575', 'C23.888.592.608.575'], ['C10'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D08.622.709', 'D12.776.124.125.800', 'D12.776.811.243.709', 'D23.119.945'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Nerve stimulators used for peripheral nerve blocks vary in their electrical characteristics.
|
BACKGROUND: Nerve stimulation with a low-intensity electrical current has become a vital part of the performance of peripheral nerve blockade. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy and characteristics of peripheral nerve stimulators used in clinical practice in the United States.METHODS: Fifteen peripheral nerve stimulators were fitted with fresh batteries and set to deliver currents ranging from 0.1 to 4.0 mA into a series of high-tolerance resistance loads ranging from 1 to 100 komega. The current output, stimulus duration, morphology, frequency, and maximum voltage output were studied using a factory-calibrated oscilloscope.RESULTS: All peripheral nerve stimulators performed uniformly well when set to deliver currents of 1.0 mA or more into a standard resistance load of 1 or 2 komega. However, at lower currents, the median error (%) increased from 2.4 (-5-144%) at 0.5 mA to 10.4 (-24-180%) at 0.1 mA into a 1 komega load. The morphology of the stimulus was characterized by a regular monophasic square pulse at current outputs of up to 1 mA and at a resistance of 1 komega. The stimulus waveform became particularly distorted as the impedance load was increased. The duration of the default stimulus set by the manufacturer varied from 34.8 to 460 micros among the peripheral nerve stimulators tested. The maximum voltage output ranged from 7.4 to 336 Volts.CONCLUSIONS: Nerve stimulators used for regional anesthesia vary greatly in accuracy of current output and in manufacturer-selected electrical characteristics (e.g., current duration, stimulating frequency, maximum voltage output).
|
['Electric Stimulation', 'Nerve Block', 'Peripheral Nerves', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Time Factors']
| 12,657,861
|
[['E05.723.402'], ['E03.155.086.711', 'E04.525.210.550'], ['A08.800.800'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of the oligomerization domain of the phosphoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3.
|
The phosphoprotein (P) of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV 3) plays a central role in the viral genome RNA transcription and replication. It acts as an essential cofactor of the RNA polymerase (L) by forming a functional L-P complex, binds to the genomic N-RNA template to recruit the L-P complex for RNA synthesis, and interacts with the nucleocapsid protein (N) to form the encapsidation complex (N-P). We have earlier demonstrated that the P protein forms oligomers (B. P. De, M. A. Hoffman, S. Choudhary, C. C. Huntley, and A. K. Banerjee, 2000, J. Virol. 74, 5886-5895) and in this article we identified the putative oligomerization domain of the P protein and studied the role of this domain in transcription. By computer analyses, we have localized a high-score coiled-coil motif characteristic of oligomerization domain residing between the amino acid residues 423 and 457 of the P protein. Deletion of 12 amino acid residues within this coiled-coil motif (P Delta 439-450) completely abrogated oligomerization, whereas deletion in other regions outside the motif had no significant effect. The mutant P Delta 439-450 was both defective in mRNA synthesis in vitro and minigenome transcription in vivo. Interestingly, the mutant interacted with L to form L-P complex, albeit less efficiently, while its interaction with N protein to form N-P complex and with N-RNA template was similar to the wt P protein. Our results indicate that oligomerization provides a key function to the P protein in the transcription of HPIV 3 genome RNA.
|
['Amino Acid Motifs', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Dimerization', 'Gene Deletion', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Precipitin Tests', 'RNA, Viral', 'Software', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Viral Proteins', 'Virus Replication']
| 12,441,081
|
[['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.650.700.735'], ['D12.776.744'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['L01.224.900'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D12.776.964'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Human papillomavirus type 16 variant analysis of upstream regulatory region and E6, E7 oncogene from cervical cancer patients in Beijing].
|
To investigate distributional characteristics of mutations of HPV16 upstream regulatory region (URR) and E6 and E7 oncogene in the patients with cervical cancer in Beijing and to explore the potential association between oncogenesis of cervical cancer and HPV variants in this region, cervical cancer tissue from 31 cases with positive HPV16 were subjected to regular DNA extraction procedure. The corresponding primers were then designed to amplify the target sequence of URR, E6 and E7. The PCR products were sequenced and blast analysis against GenBank was carried out to evaluate the gene mutation and identify the phylogenetic branches. Among all the cases studied, URR was found to be the most frequent mutation fragments, followed by E7, and E6 was the most conservative sequence. A total of 8 hot mutation spot was identi-fied, which were URR G7521A (100%), C7435G (96.77%), C24T (45.16%), A7729C (45.16%), G7839A (45.16%), E6 T178G (41.94%), E7 A647G (45.16%), and T846C (45.16%). The most frequent HPV 16 branch was type As (54.84%), followed by type E (45.16%). Our results suggested that the mutations of G7521A, A7729C, G7839A, T178G, T350G, A647G, and G658A were likely to be associated with the enhanced oncogenic potential of HPV16 and oncogenesis of cer-vical cancer. In Beijing area, two major branches of HPV16 were type As and E. This finding provides valuable information for HPV vaccine development and infection treatment. Type As and E variants had different distributions among various ages and clinic stage groups. It might lead to a new explanation for the getting younger trend of cervical cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Base Sequence', 'China', 'Female', 'Genetic Variation', 'Human papillomavirus 16', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Oncogene Proteins, Viral', 'Oncogenes', 'Papillomavirus E7 Proteins', 'Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 20,423,887
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G05.365'], ['B04.280.210.655.050.616', 'B04.613.204.655.050.616'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.624.664.520', 'D12.776.964.700'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.420'], ['G02.111.570.080.689', 'G05.360.080.689'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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Safety of deep hypothermia in treating neonatal asphyxia.
|
BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated the efficiency and safety of mild hypothermia (33 degrees C) used for treating moderate encephalopathy. In animal models, deep hypothermia proved to be neuroprotective.OBJECTIVES: To determine the safety of whole-body deep hypothermia between 30 and 33 degrees C in moderate-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in newborn term infants.METHODS: Mortality rates, incidence of brain damage detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurological outcomes of 39 term asphyxiated infants were retrospectively compared. A first group of patients (control group C) was treated with routine standard methods, a second group (MH) was treated with mild whole-body hypothermia (32-34 degrees C) and a third group (DH) was treated with deep whole-body hypothermia (30-33 degrees C), for 72 h. Mean arterial pH, basic excess (BE) and lactic acid in the blood were measured. Laboratory and clinical side effects of hypothermia were investigated. A conventional brain MRI was performed after the second week of life.RESULTS: 39 term asphyxiated newborns were enrolled in the study: 11 in group C, 10 in group MH, and 18 in group DH. During the first 72 h, disseminated intravascular coagulation was recorded in 2 cases (18%) in group C, pulmonary hypertension in 2 patients (20%) in group MH, and pneumonia in 3 cases (16%) in group DH. Severe cerebral lesions and poor neurological outcome were observed in 4 cases (36%) in group C, 1 case (10%) in group MH, and 1 case (5%) in group DH. A statistically significant difference in brain damage and major clinical neurological abnormalities was observed between group C and groups MH and DH, whereas no differences were demonstrated between asphyxiated infants treated with mild or deep hypothermia.CONCLUSIONS: The results support the safety of deep hypothermia. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and the neuroprotective effect of this approach.
|
['Asphyxia Neonatorum', 'Body Temperature', 'Brain', 'Electroencephalography', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,025,795
|
[['C16.614.092'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.258.750'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.716', 'C10.228.140.624.500', 'C14.907.253.092.716', 'C23.888.852.079.797.500'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Age and interhemispheric transfer time: a failure to replicate.
|
In a recent study with the Poffenberger paradigm, Brizzolara et al. reported longer estimates of interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT) for children aged 7 years than for adults. They interpreted this finding as evidence for incomplete functional maturity of the corpus callosum in young children. The present study was we were unable to replicate the age effect reported by Brizzolara et al. A closer look at the original study revealed that only 80 observations per child had been collected, which makes it probable that the larger IHTTs in 7-year-olds were caused by stimulus-response compatibility rather than by the lower efficiency of the corpus callosum during childhood years.
|
['Adult', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Child', 'Child Development', 'Corpus Callosum', 'Dominance, Cerebral', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Reaction Time', 'Reference Values', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 9,134,150
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.800.750'], ['F02.830.297', 'G11.561.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['E05.978.810'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Sufentanil-propofol vs remifentanil-propofol during total intravenous anesthesia for neurosurgery. A multicentre study.
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BACKGROUND: In a randomised, prospective multi-centre study, we compared the intraoperative and postoperative effects of two opioids: sufentanil and remifentanil, in combination with propofol in two groups of patients undergoing neurosurgery.METHODS: After Local Ethics Committee approval and informed consent obtaining, 69 patients undergoing neurosurgery for supratentorial tumours, between 18 and 75 years of age were randomised to receive either sufentanil or remifentanil in combination with propofol. Intraoperative and postoperative haemodynamic variables, recovery times (time to eye opening and to extubation), the incidence of postoperative respiratory depression, pain, nausea and vomiting were also evaluated. The Short Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test was used to evaluate cognitive function at 15, 45 and 180 min after emergence from anesthesia.RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups in the duration of surgery and anesthesia, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, time to eye opening or extubation. The incidence of vomiting, respiratory depression and shivering was similar in both groups. Postoperative pain requiring supplemental analgesics was significantly lower in the sufentanil group (P<0.05). Although there were no significant differences between the groups in postoperative behavioural examinations by Rancho Los Amigos Test, patients anesthetised with sufentanil had significantly better Short Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test values at 15 and 180 min postoperatively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION. We conclude that remifentanil and sufentanil are suitable adjunct to propofol for total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Patients receiving sufentanil have reduced analgesic requirements and better cognitive function postoperatively than those who received remifentanil.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anesthesia, Intravenous', 'Anesthetics, Combined', 'Anesthetics, Intravenous', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Piperidines', 'Propofol', 'Prospective Studies', 'Remifentanil', 'Sufentanil']
| 18,414,368
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E03.155.308'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.017', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.017'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.035.075', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.035.075'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.773'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D02.241.081.751.756', 'D03.383.621.828'], ['D03.383.621.265.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Amorphorization and recrystallization during plasma spraying of hydroxyapatite.
|
X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the dependence of mean crystallite size and crystallinity on the thickness of coatings. A fall in mean crystallite size but a rise in crystallinity with increased thickness was observed. The reason might be due to the differences in cooling rate of partially molten particles of hydroxyapatite. The thicker the coating, the longer the cooling time. The longer cooling time was beneficial to the occurrence of recrystallization. It was found that the critical thickness of recrystallization (rc) was about 20 microns.
|
['Biocompatible Materials', 'Crystallization', 'Durapatite', 'Hot Temperature', 'Particle Size', 'Temperature', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 8,527,597
|
[['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300.150', 'D01.146.360.050.300.200', 'D01.578.122.477.300', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300.150'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G02.712'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Urinary exosomal microRNAs in incipient diabetic nephropathy.
|
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-protein-encoding RNAs, regulate gene expression via suppression of target mRNAs. MiRNAs are present in body fluids in a remarkable stable form as packaged in microvesicles of endocytic origin, named exosomes. In the present study, we have assessed miRNA expression in urinary exosomes from type 1 diabetic patients with and without incipient diabetic nephropathy. Results showed that miR-130a and miR-145 were enriched, while miR-155 and miR-424 reduced in urinary exosomes from patients with microalbuminuria. Similarly, in an animal model of early experimental diabetic nephropathy, urinary exosomal miR-145 levels were increased and this was paralleled by miR-145 overexpression within the glomeruli. Exposure of cultured mesangial cells to high glucose increased miR-145 content in both mesangial cells and mesangial cells-derived exosomes, providing a potential mechanism for diabetes-induced miR-145 overexpression. In conclusion, urinary exosomal miRNA content is altered in type 1 diabetic patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy and miR-145 may represent a novel candidate biomarker/player in the complication.
|
['Albuminuria', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Exosomes', 'Gene Expression', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'MicroRNAs', 'Middle Aged', 'Up-Regulation']
| 24,223,694
|
[['C12.777.934.734.269', 'C13.351.968.934.734.269', 'C23.888.942.750.269'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C12.777.419.192', 'C13.351.968.419.192', 'C19.246.099.875'], ['A11.284.295.588.750', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.495'], ['G05.297'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Egocentric or allocentric frameworks for the evaluation of other people's reachability.
|
The adoption of egocentric and allocentric frameworks in the perception of other people's reachability was investigated. In study 1, 24 adults (12 experienced and 12 inexperienced dealing with children) judged vertical reachability for themselves and for two children. In study 2, 37 parents judged vertical reachability for themselves and their children. Absolute errors (|estimate-actual reachability|), absolute percent errors (|1-judgement/actual reachability|?100), and error tendency (underestimations, right judgments, or overestimations) were calculated. Adults were quite accurate in perceiving their own reachability (absolute percent errors ranging from 2.20% in study 1 to 3.12% in study 2) and clearly less precise when estimating children's reachability. Results indicated a tendency for adults to overestimate reachability of the younger child (study 1) and a tendency for parents to overestimate their children's reachability (study 2). No correlation between judgement errors for the self and for the children in any of the studies was observed. Results support the existence of an allocentric and not an egocentric framework when evaluating other people's affordances.
|
['Adult', 'Body Height', 'Distance Perception', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Judgment', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Orientation', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Young Adult']
| 21,816,496
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['F02.463.593.200.390', 'F02.463.593.778.255.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.785.626'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Site-specific nitration and oxidative dityrosine bridging of the tau protein by peroxynitrite: implications for Alzheimer's disease.
|
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive amnestic disorder typified by the pathological misfolding and deposition of the microtubule-associated tau protein into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). While numerous post-translational modifications influence NFT formation, the molecular mechanisms responsible for tau aggregation remain enigmatic. Since nitrative and oxidative injury have previously been shown to play a mechanistic role in neurodegeneration, we examined whether these events influence tau aggregation. In this report, we characterize the effects of peroxynitrite (ONOO-)-mediated nitration and oxidation on tau polymerization in vitro. Treatment of tau with ONOO- results in 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) immunoreactivity and the formation of heat-stable, SDS-insoluble oligomers. Using ESI-MS and HPLC with fluorescent detection, we show that these higher-order aggregates contain 3,3'-dityrosine (3,3'-DT). Tyrosine (Tyr) residues are critical for ONOO(-)-mediated oligomerization, as tau proteins lacking all Tyr residues fail to generate oligomers upon ONOO- treatment. Further, tau nitration targets residues Y18, Y29, and to a lesser degree Y197 and Y394, and nitration at these sites inhibits in vitro polymerization. The inhibitory effect of nitration on tau polymerization is specific for the 3-NT modification, as pseudophosphorylation at these same Tyr residues does not inhibit tau assembly. Our results suggest that the nitrative and oxidative roles of ONOO- differentially affect tau polymerization and that ONOO(-)-mediated cross-linking could facilitate tau aggregation in AD.
|
['Alzheimer Disease', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Light', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Nitrates', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Peroxynitrous Acid', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate', 'Tyrosine', 'tau Proteins']
| 15,683,253
|
[['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.625.600.800', 'D01.625.700.750'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867'], ['D02.033.415.220.720', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.632', 'D10.289.220.720'], ['D12.125.072.050.875'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Vitamin A consumption in pregnant and non pregnant rats, and in castrated rats receiving or not receiving estradiol or pregnenolone; relation to tocopherol and cytochrome P-450].
|
Consumption of vitamin A and cytochrome P 450 by pregnant Rat is more important than in non pregnant and ovariectomised Rat. Estradiol implant in ovariectomised female has some, but slighter, influence only on retinol. These physiological situations have no action on the hepatic levels of tocopherols (total and alpha). These results are discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Castration', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Diet', 'Drug Implants', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Liver', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Animal', 'Pregnenolone', 'Rats', 'Vitamin A', 'Vitamin E']
| 115,610
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The usability of the upper eyelid crease approach for correction of medial orbital wall blowout fracture.
|
BACKGROUND: There are many approaches to the medial orbital wall. However, most of them have problems with limitation of exposure, scarring, and postoperative inflammatory symptoms related to the eye. The authors used an upper eyelid crease approach to overcome these problems and investigate the usefulness of this approach.METHODS: Between 2009 and 2011, the authors used this approach in 22 patients with medial orbital wall fractures. Incisions were performed on the medial one-third of the crease and a 2- to 3-mm superomedial extension along a relaxed skin tension line.RESULTS: Postoperative computed tomographic scans demonstrated complete reduction and accurate reconstitution of the bony defect in all cases. The initial two cases had revision to correct the implant position. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 28 months, with an average of 12 months. Complications related to the operation were not observed. Diplopia and limitation of eye movement resolved in most cases. Two patients had persistent diplopia for more than 6 months that decreased with time. Enophthalmos of more than 2 mm was not observed in any orbit. The operative scar was inconspicuous.CONCLUSIONS: This approach provides several advantages, including ease of exposure, and is more familiar to the plastic surgeon than the transconjunctival approach. There is little need to retract the globe laterally, thus minimizing postoperative inflammatory symptoms related to the eye. Therefore, the authors suggest that this method should be considered as a natural and useful surgical approach to medial orbital blowout fractures.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Cohort Studies', 'Eyelids', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Fracture Healing', 'Humans', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Orbital Fractures', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Recovery of Function', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 23,018,700
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['A01.456.505.420.504', 'A09.371.337'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.555.300.300'], ['G16.762.891.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875.500', 'E05.944.600', 'N04.452.859.564.800.500', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.900.300.284.500.550', 'C26.404.750.684', 'C26.915.300.425.500.550'], ['E07.695'], ['E04.680'], ['G16.757'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Glioblastoma in children: a single-institution experience.
|
PURPOSE: Current treatment recommendations for pediatric glioblastoma include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. However, even with this multispecialty approach, overall survival remains poor. To assess outcome and evaluate treatment-related prognostic factors, we retrospectively reviewed the experience at our institution.METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-four glioblastoma patients under the age of 21 were treated with radiation therapy with curative intent at Washington University, St. Louis, from 1970 to 2008. Patients underwent gross total resection, subtotal resection or biopsy alone. Fourteen (58%) of the patients received chemotherapy. All patients received radiation therapy. Radiation consisted of whole-brain radiation therapy in 7 (29%) patients with a median dose of 50.4 Gy. Seventeen (71%) patients received three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy with a median dose of 54 Gy.RESULTS: Median follow-up was 12.5 months from diagnosis. One and 2-year overall survival rates were 57% and 32%, respectively. Median overall survival was 13.5 months. There were no differences in overall survival based on patients' age, race, gender, tumor location, radiation volume, radiation dose, or the use of chemotherapy. There was a significant improvement in overall survival for patients in whom gross total resection was achieved (p = 0.023). Three patients were alive 5 years after gross total resection, and 2 patients were alive at 10 and 24 years after diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS: Survival for children with glioblastoma remains poor. Data from this and other studies demonstrate the importance of achieving a gross total resection. Continued investigation into new treatment options is needed in an attempt to improve outcome for these patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cancer Care Facilities', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Glioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Missouri', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Radiotherapy, Conformal', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Young Adult']
| 21,220,190
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['N02.278.421.556.070'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.510.515'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E02.815.635.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
In vivo and in vitro metabolism of a novel â2-adrenoceptor agonist, trantinterol: metabolites isolation and identification by LC-MS/MS and NMR.
|
Trantinterol is a novel â(2)-adrenoceptor agonist used for the treatment of asthma. The aim of this study is to identify the metabolites of trantinterol using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), to isolate the main metabolites, and confirm their structures by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Urine, feces, bile, and blood samples of rats were obtained and analyzed. Reference standards of six metabolites were achieved with the combination of chemical synthesis, microbial transformation, and the model systems of rats. Moreover, in order to investigate the phase I metabolism of trantinterol in humans and to study the species differences between rats and humans, incubations with liver microsomes were performed. The biotransformation by a microbial model Cunninghamella blakesleana AS 3.970 was also studied. A total of 18 metabolites were identified in vivo and in vitro together, 13 of which were newly detected. Three phase I metabolites were detected in vivo and in vitro as well as in the microbial model, including the arylhydroxylamine (M1), the tert-butyl hydroxylated trantinterol (M2) and the 1-carbonyltrantinterol (M3). Another important pathway in rats is glutathione conjugation and further catabolism and oxidation to form consecutive derivatives (M4 through M10). Other metabolites include glucuronide, glucoside, and sulfate conjugates. The results of in vitro experiments indicate no species difference exists among rats, humans, and C. blakesleana AS 3.970 on the phase I metabolism of trantinterol. Our study provided the most comprehensive picture for trantinterol in vivo and in vitro metabolism to this day, and may predict its metabolism in humans.
|
['Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists', 'Animals', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Clenbuterol', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 23,338,754
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200.200'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D02.033.100.291.231', 'D02.092.063.291.231'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.340.200', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.340.725', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.340.200'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Longitudinal study of medical students selected for admission to medical school by actuarial and committee methods.
|
This study evaluates a "mid period" follow-up evaluation of the outcomes of selection of medical students by customary committee review procedures versus actuarial selection. One-third of a freshman class was selected solely on the basis of a predictor index which was a previously validated, optimally weighted combination of scores on the Medical College Aptitude Test and the premedical grade-point average. The remaining two-thirds were selected by committee decision based on review of the total application file which, in addition to the aptitude test scores and academic record, included basic demographic data, information on extracurricular activities, avocational interests, work experience, letters of recommendation, personality test profiles, and interview impressions. In a previous study, it was reported that the two groups of students were undifferentiated with respect to their academic standing at the close of their sophomore year. In the present study, the actuarially selected and committee selected students were compared on class rank at the end of the junior year, total and subtest scores on part II of the National Board Examinations administered toward the close of their senior year, and type and location of internship, and practice or training status one year after graduation. The two groups were not reliably differentiated on any of these variables. Implications of the findings are discussed with respect to reliability, efficiency, and economy in the selection process and the function of the admissions committees with respect to borderline cases and issues of school policy and philosophy.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Educational Measurement', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Internship and Residency', 'Minnesota', 'Personality', 'Regression Analysis', 'School Admission Criteria', 'Schools, Medical', 'Students, Medical']
| 1,148,133
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['I02.399'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.510', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.510'], ['F01.752'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['I02.399.750'], ['I02.783.495.552', 'N02.278.020.578'], ['M01.848.769.602']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hypnosis, placebo, and suggestion in the treatment of warts.
|
Two experiments assessed the effects of psychological variables on wart regression. In Experiment 1, subjects given hypnotic suggestion exhibited more wart regression than those given either a placebo treatment or no treatment. In Experiment 2, hypnotic and nonhypnotic subjects given the same suggestions were equally likely to exhibit wart regression and more likely to show this effect than no treatment controls. In both experiments, treated subjects who lost warts reported more vivid suggested imagery than treated subjects who did not lose warts. However, hypnotizability and attribute measures of imagery propensity were unrelated to wart loss. Subjects given the suggestion that they would lose warts on only one side of the body did not show evidence of a side-specific treatment effect.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypnosis', 'Imagination', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Placebos', 'Sex Factors', 'Suggestion', 'Warts']
| 3,387,508
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.525.217', 'F04.754.424'], ['F02.463.188.634'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E02.190.525.217.771', 'F04.754.424.771'], ['C01.925.256.650.810', 'C01.925.825.810', 'C01.925.928.914', 'C17.800.838.790.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Common genetic variants are associated with accelerated bone mineral density loss after hematopoietic cell transplantation.
|
BACKGROUND: Bone mineral density (BMD) loss commonly occurs after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Hypothesizing that genetic variants may influence post-HCT BMD loss, we conducted a prospective study to examine the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in bone metabolism pathways and acute BMD loss after HCT.METHODS AND FINDINGS: We genotyped 122 SNPs in 45 genes in bone metabolism pathways among 121 autologous and allogeneic HCT patients. BMD changes from pre-HCT to day +100 post-HCT were analyzed in relation to these SNPs in linear regression models. After controlling for clinical risk factors, we identified 16 SNPs associated with spinal or femoral BMD loss following HCT, three of which have been previously implicated in genome-wide association studies of bone phenotypes, including rs2075555 in COL1A1, rs9594738 in RANKL, and rs4870044 in ESR1. When multiple SNPs were considered simultaneously, they explained 5-35% of the variance in post-HCT BMD loss. There was a significant trend between the number of risk alleles and the magnitude of BMD loss, with patients carrying the most risk alleles having the greatest loss.CONCLUSION: Our data provide the first evidence that common genetic variants play an important role in BMD loss among HCT patients similar to age-related BMD loss in the general population. This infers that the mechanism for post-HCT bone loss is a normal aging process that is accelerated during HCT. A limitation of our study comes from its small patient population; hence future larger studies are warranted to validate our findings.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alleles', 'Bone Density', 'DNA', 'Female', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genome, Human', 'Genotype', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Genetic', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Risk Factors']
| 22,022,476
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['G11.427.100'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['G05.380'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Lumbar muscle electromyographic dynamic topography during flexion-extension.
|
The objective of this study is to introduce dynamic topography of surface electromyography (SEMG) to visualize lumbar muscle myoelectric activity and provides a new view to analyze muscle activity in vivo. A total of 20 healthy male subjects and 15 males LBP were enrolled. An electrode-array was applied to the lumbar region to collect SEMG. The root mean square (RMS) value was calculated for each channel, and then a 160x120 matrix was constructed using a linear cubic spline interpolation of each scan to create a 2-D color topographic image. Along a definite interval of action, a series of RMS topography matrices was concatenated as a function of position and time, to form a dynamic topographical video of lumbar muscle activity. Relative area (RA), relative width (RW), relative height (RH) and Width-to-Height Ratio (W/H) were chosen as the four quantitative parameters in measuring topographic features. Normal RMS dynamic topography was found to have a consistent, symmetric pattern with a high intensity area in the paraspinal area. LBP patients had a different RMS dynamic topography, with an asymmetric, broad, or disorganized distribution. Quantitative SEMG features were found significantly different between normal control and LBP. After physiotherapy rehabilitation, the dynamic topography images of LBP tended towards the normal pattern. There are obvious differences in lumbar muscle coordination between healthy subjects and LBP patients. The dynamic topography allows the continuous visualization of the distribution of surface EMG signals and the coordination of muscular contractions.
|
['Back', 'Chronic Disease', 'Electromyography', 'Humans', 'Low Back Pain', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Movement', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Task Performance and Analysis']
| 19,540,776
|
[['A01.923.176'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612.107.400'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Synergistic deep removal of As(III) and Cd(II) by a calcined multifunctional MgZnFe-CO3
|
A high removal rate (>99.7%) of combined arsenite (As(III)) and Cd (Cd(II)) in low concentration (1000 ìg/L) from contaminated water was achieved by a calcined MgZnFe-CO3 layered double hydroxide (CMZF) adsorbent. Batch control studies and a series of spectroscopy detection technologies were employed to investigate the removal mechanism and interactions between As(III) and Cd(II) on the interface of water/CMZF. Synergistic adsorption and photooxidation occurred based on the systematical kinetic and isotherm studies. The enhanced removal of As(III) was achieved by the photooxidation, formation of ternary As(III)Cd(II) surface complexes and enhanced hydrogen bond. Meanwhile, oxidative formed negative charged As(V) could reduce the electrostatic repulsion force between Cd(II) cations and play a role as anion bridging, consequently resulted in a stronger attraction between CMZF and Cd(II). Combined with the verdicts of relevant characterizations such as XRD, XPS and EPR, it was assumed that the deep co-removal mechanism could be attributed to the coupling of various processes including intercalation, complexation, photooxidation of As(III) and precipitation of CdCO3. Moreover, the successful removal of As(III) and Cd(II) from real water matrix qualified the CMZF a potentially attractive adsorbent for both As(III) and Cd(II) deep treatment in practical engineering.
|
['Adsorption', 'Arsenic', 'Cadmium', 'Chemical Precipitation', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hydroxides', 'Iron', 'Kinetics', 'Magnesium', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Photochemical Processes', 'Temperature', 'Zinc']
| 30,870,628
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D01.268.513.249'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['E05.196.150', 'G02.159'], ['G02.300'], ['D01.045.250', 'D01.248.497.158.459'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G02.740'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Type-specific associations of human papillomavirus load with risk of developing cervical carcinoma in situ.
|
We have previously shown that high human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 load in Papanicolaou smears negative for dysplasia is strongly associated with risk for carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix. Here we study the amount of HPV DNA for some of the most frequent high-risk HPV types as determinants of progression to cervical CIS. Real-time PCR is used to estimate the normalized viral load of HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 58 and 67 in 457 cases of cervical CIS and 552 matched population controls. A total of 2,747 archival Pap smears from gynecologic health examinations, collected over a period of up to 26 years, were analyzed to assess viral load during the infection history. Cervical smear samples differ widely in amount of DNA, underscoring the need for normalization of HPV load to number of cells in the sample. The risk of developing cervical CIS increases with higher viral load for most of the HPV types studied. The range of copy numbers per cell does not differ between HPV types but the odds ratio for CIS in the percentile with highest viral load is substantially higher for HPV 16 (OR = 36.9; 95% CI = 8.9-153.2) than for HPV 31 (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.1-9.1) or HPV 18/45 (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.0-6.4). Therefore, HPV viral load may be predictive of future risk of cervical CIS at a stage when smears are negative for squamous abnormalities, but differences between HPV types need closer attention.
|
['Adult', 'Carcinoma in Situ', 'Case-Control Studies', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Papanicolaou Test', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Risk Assessment', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Vaginal Smears', 'Viral Load']
| 15,386,375
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.470.200.240'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.422', 'E01.370.225.998.054.422', 'E04.074.422', 'E05.200.500.384.100.422', 'E05.200.998.054.422', 'E05.242.384.100.422'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Behavioral and neurochemical studies on brain aging in galanin overexpressing mice.
|
To study possible involvement of galanin in brain aging quality, we have investigated behavioral, neurochemical and morphological parameters in aged mice overexpressing galanin under the platelet-derived growth factor B promoter (GalOE mice) compared to wild-type littermates (WT mice). The behavioral analysis in the forced swim test showed that old GalOE animals spent more time in immobility compared to WT. In the activity cage test, galanin overexpression counteracted the age-induced decrease in exploratory behavior. The neurochemical analysis showed a 30% decrease in noradrenaline overflow in the cerebral cortex of WT old mice that was not present in age-matched GalOE mice. Our results indicate that overexpression of galanin can influence several behavioral and neurochemical parameters in old mice.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Anxiety', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Brain', 'Depression', 'Dopamine', 'Exploratory Behavior', 'Galanin', 'Gene Expression', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Norepinephrine', 'Tritium']
| 15,944,027
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F01.145.113'], ['A08.186.211'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['F01.145.387', 'F01.658.370'], ['D12.644.400.250', 'D12.776.631.650.250'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Factors associated with the development of chorioretinal atrophy around choroidal neovascularization in pathologic myopia.
|
PURPOSE: To examine the influencing factors on the development of chorioretinal atrophy, which is the main cause of long-term visual decrease in myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV), in a large series of highly myopic patients.METHODS: Sixty-five patients (81 eyes) with myopic CNV were studied retrospectively. The influence of the patient's age, refractive error, axial length, visual acuity at onset of CNV, size of CNV, and grade of myopic retinopathy on the extent of chorioretinal atrophy more than 3 years after CNV onset was investigated by means of multiple linear regression analysis.RESULTS: Seventy-seven of 81 eyes (95.1%) developed chorioretinal atrophy around myopic CNV during the follow-up period. Multiple linear regression revealed that age was the most influencing factor for the development of chorioretinal atrophy in all the subjects. When we divided the subjects into two groups according to their age, however, CNV size was the only factor to influence the development of chorioretinal atrophy in the patients younger than 40 years, whereas age was still the only influencing factor in those older than 40 years.CONCLUSIONS: The factors influencing the development of chorioretinal atrophy differ according to patient age. Local factors, such as CNV size, determine the tendency to develop chorioretinal atrophy in young patients. Systemic factors, such as patient age, play a greater part in older subjects.
|
['Atrophy', 'Choroid', 'Choroidal Neovascularization', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myopia', 'Retina', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Visual Acuity']
| 14,648,134
|
[['C23.300.070'], ['A09.371.894.223'], ['C11.941.160.244', 'C23.550.589.500.145'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C11.744.636'], ['A09.371.729'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Use of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in de novo renal transplant recipients with high incidence of delayed graft function.
|
Patients with delayed graft function (DGF) are at risk of increased incidence for acute rejection episodes (ARE). Mycophenolate mofetil or induction therapy has produced a reduction in ARE incidence. An open, prospective, 3-month trial was performed in a group of Argentinian renal transplant recipients. We recruited 46 patients, 71.7% men, aged 41.7 +/- 13.8 years; including 36 (78.3%) recipients of cadaveric donors (CD) who were aged 43.4 +/- 15.5 years with a cold ischemia time of 19.4 hours +/- 5.4 minutes, and 10 (27.7%) recipients of living donors (LD) aged 37.8 +/- 12.9 years. HLA mismatches >or= 3 were observed in 58.4% of CD and in 7% of LD. All patients received two doses of basiliximab (20 mg each, days 0 and 4), cyclosporine microemulsion (CsA-ME) monitored by the second-hour concentrations (C2), enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS; 720 mg twice a day, and steroids. A 58% incidence of DGF was observed. At the end of the third month the incidence of biopsy-proven ARE was 15%, with a median serum creatinine of was 1.54 +/- 0.42 mg/dL, including three grafts lost. Two patients died. No patient required EC-MPS dose discontinuation but 20% of patients required dose adjustments. The absence of discontinuations and the low incidence of dose adjustments of EC-MPS in this high-risk de novo population provided support of a suitable tolerability profile for this EC-MPS, and the possibility to impact efficacy results.
|
['Adult', 'Cyclosporine', 'Emulsions', 'Female', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Living Donors', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycophenolic Acid', 'Tablets, Enteric-Coated']
| 16,647,505
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['D20.280.260', 'D26.255.165.260'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.898.656'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.241.081.193.678', 'D10.251.618'], ['D26.255.210.860', 'D26.255.830.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Functional hybrid rubisco enzymes with plant small subunits and algal large subunits: engineered rbcS cDNA for expression in chlamydomonas.
|
There has been much interest in the chloroplast-encoded large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) as a target for engineering an increase in net CO(2) fixation in photosynthesis. Improvements in the enzyme would lead to an increase in the production of food, fiber, and renewable energy. Although the large subunit contains the active site, a family of rbcS nuclear genes encodes the Rubisco small subunits, which can also influence the carboxylation catalytic efficiency and CO(2)/O(2) specificity of the enzyme. To further define the role of the small subunit in Rubisco function, small subunits from spinach, Arabidopsis, and sunflower were assembled with algal large subunits by transformation of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant that lacks the rbcS gene family. Foreign rbcS cDNAs were successfully expressed in Chlamydomonas by fusing them to a Chlamydomonas rbcS transit peptide sequence engineered to contain rbcS introns. Although plant Rubisco generally has greater CO(2)/O(2) specificity but a lower carboxylation V(max) than Chlamydomonas Rubisco, the hybrid enzymes have 3-11% increases in CO(2)/O(2) specificity and retain near normal V(max) values. Thus, small subunits may make a significant contribution to the overall catalytic performance of Rubisco. Despite having normal amounts of catalytically proficient Rubisco, the hybrid mutant strains display reduced levels of photosynthetic growth and lack chloroplast pyrenoids. It appears that small subunits contain the structural elements responsible for targeting Rubisco to the algal pyrenoid, which is the site where CO(2) is concentrated for optimal photosynthesis.
|
['Algal Proteins', 'Arabidopsis', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Western', 'Chlamydomonas', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Enzyme Stability', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Helianthus', 'Kinetics', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Photosynthesis', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plasmids', 'Protein Engineering', 'Protein Subunits', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase', 'Temperature', 'Transformation, Genetic']
| 20,424,165
|
[['D12.776.037'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['B01.650.940.150.385'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['E05.916.360', 'G02.111.700.500'], ['G05.308.320'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['D12.776.765'], ['G05.360.600'], ['E05.393.420.601'], ['D12.776.813'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.800', 'D12.776.765.199.499'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G05.728.865']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Interrelationship among annual cycles of sex steroids, corticosterone and body condition in Nyctibatrachus humayuni.
|
Synergism between extrinsic and intrinsic factors is crucial for the seasonality of reproduction. Environmental factors such as photoperiod and temperature activate the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis leading to the secretion of steroid hormones that are crucial for reproduction. Sex steroids are not only essential for the maturation of gonads, but also for development of secondary sexual characters in males and reproductive behaviour of both the sexes. In the present study, we quantified the urinary testosterone (UTM) and corticosterone (UCM) metabolites in males and urinary estradiol metabolites (UEM) and UCM in females of Nyctibatrachus humayuni for two consecutive years to determine annual and seasonal variation in the levels of sex steroids, corticosterone and body condition index (BCI). The results show that sex steroids were highest during the breeding season and lowest during the non-breeding season in both the sexes. An increase in UTM and UEM was observed in males and females respectively during the breeding season. Testicular histology showed the presence of all stages of spermatogenesis throughout the year indicating that spermatogenesis is potentially continuous. Ovarian histology showed the presence of vitellogenic follicles only during the breeding season indicating that oogenesis is strictly seasonal. In males, UCM levels were highest during the breeding season, while in females their levels were highest just prior to the breeding season. In males, BCI was highest during the pre-breeding season, declined during the breeding season to increase again during the post-breeding season. In females, BCI was comparable throughout the year. In males, UTM levels were positively correlated with UCM levels but negatively correlated with BCI. Interestingly, UEM, UCM and BCI were not correlated in females. These results indicate that N. humayuni exhibits an associated pattern of reproduction. Quantification of urinary progesterone metabolites (UPM) during the breeding season showed UPM levels were higher in post-spawning females, suggesting the significance of progesterone in ovulation. Further, non-invasive enzyme immunoassay has been successfully standardized in N. humayuni for the quantification of urinary metabolites of steroid hormones.
|
['Animals', 'Anura', 'Body Constitution', 'Corticosterone', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'Male', 'Ovary', 'Photoperiod', 'Progesterone', 'Reproduction', 'Seasons', 'Testis', 'Testosterone']
| 29,339,182
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180'], ['E01.370.600.115', 'G07.100'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.237', 'D06.472.040.585.353.237'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D06.472.334.851'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G01.910.675'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['G08.686.784'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Beta-secretase BACE1 is differentially controlled through muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling.
|
The beta-amyloid peptides derived by proteolytic cleavage from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) play a major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by forming aggregated, fibrillary complexes that have been shown to be neurotoxic. The beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE1) has been identified as the key enzyme leading to beta-amyloid formation, and cholinergic mechanisms have been shown to control APP processing. The present study sought to determine whether BACE1 expression is controlled by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes in the neuroblastoma cell line SK-SH-SY5Y. Stimulation of cells with the M1/M3-selective mAChR agonist talsaclidine for 1 hr resulted in a dose-dependent increase in BACE1 expression up to twofold over basal levels. Similar effects of BACE1 up-regulation were observed when protein kinase C was directly activated by phorbol esters. However, when the MAP kinases MEK/ERK were inhibited, BACE1 expression was no longer up-regulated by the activation of M1-mAChR. In contrast, BACE1 expression was suppressed by stimulation of M2-mediated pathways via selective M2-agonist binding or direct activation of adenylate cyclase with forskolin, an effect that was prevented by inhibiting protein kinase A. These results may explain the observed deterioration of AD patients after initial improvements with AChE inhibitor or M1-mAChR agonist treatment.
|
['Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases', 'Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases', 'Brain', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endopeptidases', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Muscarinic Agonists', 'Neurons', 'Phorbol Esters', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Receptor, Muscarinic M1', 'Receptor, Muscarinic M2', 'Receptors, Muscarinic', 'Signal Transduction', 'Treatment Failure', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Up-Regulation']
| 15,211,591
|
[['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.032'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['D27.505.519.625.120.140.500', 'D27.505.696.577.120.140.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500.099'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475.200', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760'], ['A11.251.860'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Thermography and thermoregulation of the face.
|
BACKGROUND: Although clinical diagnosis of thermoregulation is gaining in importance there is no consistent evidence on the value of thermography of the facial region. In particular there are no reference values established with standardised methods.METHODS: Skin temperatures were measured in the facial area at 32 fixed measuring sites in 26 health subjects (7-72 years) with the aid of a contact thermograph (Eidatherm). A total of 6 measurements were performed separately for the two sides of the face at intervals of equal lengths (4 hours) over a period of 24 hours. Thermoregulation was triggered by application of a cold stimulus in the region of the ipsilateral ear lobe.RESULTS: Comparison of the sides revealed significant asymmetry of face temperature. The left side of the face showed a temperature that was on the average 0.1 degrees C lower than on the right. No increase in temperature was found following application of the cold stimulus. However, a significant circadian rhythm with mean temperature differences of 0.7 degrees C was observed.CONCLUSION: The results obtained should be seen as an initial basis for compiling an exact thermoprofile of the surface temperature of the facial region that takes into account the circadian rhythm, thus closing gaps in studies on physiological changes in the temperature of the skin of the face.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Body Temperature Regulation', 'Child', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Face', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Skin Temperature', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Thermography']
| 17,362,518
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.110.232', 'G07.410.421', 'G16.012.500.535'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['A01.456.505'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G07.110.753', 'G13.750.844'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.370.350.800', 'E05.933.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A quartz crystal microbalance method for rapid detection and differentiation of shiga toxins by applying a monoalkyl globobioside as the toxin ligand.
|
A simple globobiosyl (Gb2) ceramide mimic carrying a monoalkyl chain (C18) was applied for a monolayer Langmuir-Blodgett (L-B) technique to detect Shiga toxins (Stxs) by a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method. The artificial glycolipid, synthesized from penta-O-acetyl-D-galactopyranose via a conventional glycosidation pathway, was developed at the air-water surface for the formation of the monolayer film. Then, the film was transferred onto a QCM cell surface modified with alkanethiols. Upon the addition of each of Stx-1 and Stx-2, the decrease of frequency reached saturation within 45 min at a few nanogram order per quartz cell. Binding constants (Ka) estimated for each of Stx-1 and Stx-2 showed little difference between the two toxins. On the other hand, in the presence of an artificial acrylamido Gb2 copolymer as a competitive inhibitor, the two toxins showed a large difference in the binding behavior to the L-B monolayer.
|
['Binding, Competitive', 'Clinical Laboratory Techniques', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Escherichia coli O157', 'Globosides', 'Humans', 'Ligands', 'Molecular Mimicry', 'Protein Binding', 'Quartz', 'Shiga Toxin 1', 'Shiga Toxin 2', 'Shiga Toxins', 'Surface Properties', 'Weights and Measures']
| 12,005,508
|
[['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['E01.370.225', 'E05.200'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300.800.250.500', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100.800.250.500'], ['D02.065.313.425', 'D09.400.410.420.525.200.425', 'D10.390.470.675.200.425', 'D10.570.877.360.612.200.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['G02.111.560', 'G05.545', 'G16.012.750.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D01.578.750.600', 'D01.650.550.825.600', 'D01.837.725.600'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.700.750.750.120', 'D12.776.097.275.877', 'D23.946.123.794.100', 'D23.946.330.575.120'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.700.750.750.124', 'D12.776.097.275.879', 'D23.946.123.794.124', 'D23.946.330.575.124'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.700.750.750', 'D23.946.123.794', 'D23.946.330.575'], ['G02.860'], ['E05.978']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Long-term ungulate exclusion reduces fungal symbiont prevalence in native grasslands.
|
When symbionts are inherited by offspring, they can have substantial ecological and evolutionary consequences because they occur in all host life stages. Although natural frequencies of inherited symbionts are commonly <100 %, few studies investigate the ecological drivers of variation in symbiont prevalence. In plants, inherited fungal endophytes can improve resistance to herbivory, growth under drought, and competitive ability. We evaluated whether native ungulate herbivory increased the prevalence of a fungal endophyte in the common, native bunchgrass, Festuca campestris (rough fescue, Poaceae). We used large-scale (1 ha) and long-term (7-10 year) fencing treatments to exclude native ungulates and recorded shifts in endophyte prevalence at the scale of plant populations and for individual plants. We characterized the fungal endophyte in F. campestris, Epichlo? species FcaTG-1 (F. campestris taxonomic group 1) for the first time. Under ungulate exclusion, endophyte prevalence was 19 % lower in plant populations, 25 % lower within plant individuals, and 39 % lower in offspring (seeds) than in ungulate-exposed controls. Population-level endophyte frequencies were also negatively correlated with soil moisture across geographic sites. Observations of high within-plant variability in symbiont prevalence are novel for the Epichlo? species, and contribute to a small, but growing, literature that documents phenotypic plasticity in plant-endophyte symbiota. Altogether, we show that native ungulates can be an important driver of symbiont prevalence in native plant populations, even in the absence of evidence for direct mechanisms of mammal deterrence. Understanding the ecological controls on symbiont prevalence could help to predict future shifts in grasslands that are dominated by Epichlo? host plants.
|
['Animals', 'Endophytes', 'Epichloe', 'Grassland', 'Poaceae', 'Prevalence', 'Symbiosis']
| 27,113,054
|
[['B01.050'], ['B05.237'], ['B01.300.107.501.310'], ['G16.500.275.157.531', 'N06.230.124.390'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['G06.550.800', 'G16.840']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Anti-Inflammatory and Cytoprotective Effect of Plant Sterol and Galactooligosaccharides-Enriched Beverages in Caco-2 Cells.
|
Plant sterol (PS) (1 g/100 mL) enriched milk-based fruit beverages with or without galactooligosaccharides (GOS) (1.8 g/100 mL) were used in differentiated Caco-2 cells. Their potential cytopreventive effect against oxidative stress induced by cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) and their anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated. Preincubation (24 h) with bioaccessible fractions from beverages without and with GOS (MfB and MfB-G) completely prevented the COPs (60 ìM/4 h) induced oxidative stress independent to GOS presence with exception to calcium influx and GSH content, where a partial protective effect was observed. Besides, MfB produced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of IL-8 (40%) and IL-6 (50%) after IL-1â-induction (1 ng/mL/24 h) through the inhibition of NF-êB p65 translocation into the nucleus (16%) compared to control cells, while GOS presence compromised their anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, PS-enriched milk-based fruit beverage could be an interesting strategy to prevent intestinal injury produced by COPs and to attenuate the pro-inflammatory process in intestinal human diseases. GOS addition had no extra beneficial antioxidant effect and even reduced their anti-inflammatory properties.
|
['Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Beverages', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Cytoprotection', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Oligosaccharides', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Phytosterols', 'Protective Agents', 'Transcription Factor RelA']
| 31,290,324
|
[['D27.505.954.158'], ['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['A11.251.210.190.160', 'A11.251.860.180.160', 'A11.436.140'], ['G07.690.773.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['D09.698.629'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.756', 'D10.570.938.795', 'D23.704.500'], ['D27.505.696.706', 'D27.720.799'], ['D12.776.260.600.249', 'D12.776.660.600.249', 'D12.776.930.600.249']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hirsutenone inhibits phorbol ester-induced upregulation of COX-2 and MMP-9 in cultured human mammary epithelial cells: NF-kappaB as a potential molecular target.
|
Inappropriate upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various types of cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effects of hirsutenone, a diarylheptanoid isolated from the medicinal plant Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica, on the expression of COX-2 and MMP-9 induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in MCF10A human breast epithelial cells. Treatment of MCF10A cells with TPA led to the expression of COX-2 and MMP-9. Hirsutenone at 12 microM inhibited the TPA-induced COX-2 expression at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Hirsutenone also suppressed the synthesis of prostaglandin E(2), one of the major products of COX-2, and its catalytic activity. The upregulation of MMP-9 by TPA was also significantly reduced by hirsutenone. Likewise, hirsutenone attenuated the invasiveness and motility of MCF10A cells stimulated with TPA. Hirsutenone blocked the TPA-induced DNA binding of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and translocation of p65, the functionally active NF-kappaB subunit, to the nucleus. The luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that hirsutenone abrogated the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB. Treatment of MCF10A cells with N-alpha-Tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, a specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB, reduced the TPA-induced expression of COX-2 and MMP-9. In summary, hirsutenone inhibits the TPA-induced upregulation of COX-2 and MMP-9 in human breast epithelial cells, possibly by targeting NF-kappaB, which may contribute to its chemopreventive effects.
|
['Active Transport, Cell Nucleus', 'Catechols', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Movement', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Diarylheptanoids', 'Dinoprostone', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Humans', 'Mammary Glands, Human', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Molecular Structure', 'NF-kappa B', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Up-Regulation']
| 16,380,122
|
[['G03.143.310.100', 'G03.143.700.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.166'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D02.455.326.146.485.222', 'D02.455.426.559.694'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['A11.436'], ['G05.308.320'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.236.249', 'A10.336.532'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.350', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.350', 'D12.644.276.848.350', 'D12.776.467.836.350'], ['D12.776.543'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Post-transcriptional regulation of expression of the Bronze2 gene of Zea mays L.
|
The glutathione S-transferase encoded by Bronze2 performs the last genetically defined step in maize anthocyanin biosynthesis, being required for pigment sequestration into vacuoles. The Bz2 primary transcript contains a single intron; in maize leaves both spliced and unspliced Bz2 transcripts are usually present and are predicted to encode 26 and 14 kDa proteins, respectively. To increase understanding of the role and regulation of Bz2 transcript splicing, we examined Bz2 expression during development in transgenic maize plants expressing a 35S:Bz2 (35S:mycBz2i) gene and, by transient expression analysis, in Black Mexican Sweet maize protoplasts. We show here that the gene is expressed in diverse tissues that lack functional copies of one or both transcription factors regulating anthocyanin synthesis, that transcript levels are much higher when the R/B plus C1/Pl transcription factors are present, and that the splicing decision depends on local sequence context. The predicted 14 kDa protein was never detected indicating that unspliced transcripts are likely to be non-coding. The native 26 kDa BZ2 protein is loosely membrane-bound, but it was detectable only in tissues accumulating anthocyanin. Consequently, BZ2 accumulation appears to be limited by stringent post-transcriptional regulation.
|
["5' Untranslated Regions", 'Anthocyanins', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cadmium', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genotype', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plant Roots', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional', 'RNA Splicing', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Zea mays']
| 14,756,308
|
[['D13.444.735.544.875.885', 'D13.444.735.790.878.885', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.885', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.885'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.087', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.087', 'D09.408.084', 'D23.767.124'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['G05.308.320'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.380'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['D12.776.765'], ['A18.400'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.760', 'G03.839', 'G05.308.700'], ['G02.111.760.700', 'G03.839.700', 'G05.308.700.700'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reaction to the Diagnosis of Cancer Questionnaire: development and psychometric evaluation.
|
The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to assess the initial reactions of individuals to the diagnosis of cancer. Content validity was built into the Reaction to the Diagnosis of Cancer Questionnaire (RDCQ) through responses supplied by 340 ambulatory cancer patients to the question, "What do you remember of your feelings when first told you had cancer?" Test-retest reliability was .86 at a 3-week interval. Factor analysis on a convenience sample of 441 ambulatory cancer patients confirmed the existence of two separate and distinct dimensions, confronting reactions and distress reactions, to the initial diagnosis of cancer that explained 61% of the variance. Internal consistency for both the total tool (alpha = .896) and the two subscales of the RDCQ (confronting dimension = .82, distress dimension = .91) was high.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Attitude to Health', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Psychological Tests', 'Psychometrics', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 2,587,293
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['F04.711'], ['F04.711.780'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Free full thickness mucosal grafts in the mouth.
|
Examples of full thickness mucosal grafts used in sulcoplasty and the closure of defects in the tongue and cheek following tumour ablation are shown and the techniques in their use are demonstrated. The problems and advantages in this are considered.
|
['Aged', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cheek', 'Denture, Complete, Lower', 'Female', 'Gingival Hyperplasia', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Tongue Neoplasms', 'Transplantation, Autologous']
| 1,068,666
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A01.456.505.173', 'A14.194'], ['E06.780.346.760.775.379', 'E07.695.190.200.205.210'], ['C07.465.714.258.428.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A10.615.550.599', 'A14.549.512'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['C04.588.443.591.925', 'C07.465.530.925', 'C07.465.910.470'], ['E04.936.664']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Baseline data of reproductive system in the JPHC study. Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study on Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases.
|
Hormonal status in the body is closely related to the occurrence of estrogen-related cancers. Baseline survey data about the female reproductive system in JPHC study showed different gynecological and gestational profiles in each study area. Late menarche (15-16 y/o) was characteristic in the rural areas. Earlier gestational age and larger number of children were also more common in the rural areas. Baseline survey data, including gynecological past history, frequency of examination for uterine cancers, and so forth, showed some profile of middle aged women in the different areas in Japan.
|
['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Breast Feeding', 'Female', 'Genital Neoplasms, Female', 'Health Status', 'Health Surveys', 'Hormone Replacement Therapy', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Mass Screening', 'Menarche', 'Menopause', 'Menstrual Cycle', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Population Surveillance', 'Pregnancy', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 11,763,141
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['C04.588.945.418', 'C13.351.937.418'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['E02.319.452'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['G08.686.760.410', 'G08.686.841.374.410'], ['G08.686.157.500', 'G08.686.841.249.500'], ['G08.686.605'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Comparison between solid phase microextraction (SPME) and hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HFLPME) for determination of extractables from post-consumer recycled PET into food simulants.
|
Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HFLPME) and solid phase microextraction (SPME) methods for pre-concentration of contaminants (toluene, benzophenone, tetracosane and chloroform) in food simulants were investigated. For HFLPME 1-heptanol, 2-octanone and dibutyl-ether were studied as extracting solvents. Analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), flame ionization (GC-FID) and electron capture detectors (GC-ECD) were carried out. In addition, the methods were employed to evaluate the safety in use of a PET material after the recycling process (comprising washing, extrusion and solid state polymerization (SSP)) through extractability studies of the contaminants using 10% (v/v) ethanol in deionized water and 3% (w/v) acetic acid in deionized water as food simulants in different conditions: 10 days at 40°C and 2h at 70°C. The HFLPME preconcentration method provided increased sensitivity when compared to the SPME method and allowed to analyze concentration levels below 10 µg surrogate per kg food simulant. The results of the extractability studies showed considerable reductions after the extrusion and SSP processes and indicated the compliance with regulations for using recycled PET in contact with food.
|
['Acetic Acid', 'Alkanes', 'Benzophenones', 'Chloroform', 'Ethanol', 'Food Contamination', 'Food Packaging', 'Liquid Phase Microextraction', 'Polyethylene Terephthalates', 'Recycling', 'Solid Phase Microextraction', 'Toluene']
| 24,913,857
|
[['D02.241.081.018.165', 'D10.251.400.045.500'], ['D02.455.326.146'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.134', 'D02.522.223'], ['D02.455.526.439.224', 'D02.455.526.913.810'], ['D02.033.375'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['J01.576.423.200.375', 'J01.576.423.850.600', 'J01.576.761.400'], ['E05.196.155.650.500'], ['D05.750.728.764', 'D25.720.728.764', 'J01.637.051.720.728.764'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.525', 'N06.850.860.510.244'], ['E05.196.155.800.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.832']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Expression of the Opa1 mitochondrial protein in retinal ganglion cells: its downregulation causes aggregation of the mitochondrial network.
|
PURPOSE: Mutations in the mitochondrial dynamin-related GTPase OPA1 cause autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA), but the pathophysiology of this disease is unknown. As a first step in functional studies, this study was conducted to evaluate the expression of Opa1 in whole retina and in isolated retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and to test the effects of Opa1 downregulation in cultured RGCs.METHODS: Opa1 mRNA isoforms from total retina and from RGCs freshly isolated by immunopanning were determined by RT-PCR. Protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot with antibodies against Opa1 and cytochrome c, and the mitochondrial network was visualized with a mitochondrial marker. Short interfering (si)RNA targeting OPA1 mRNAs were transfected to cultured RGCs and mitochondrial network phenotypes were followed for 15 days, in comparison with those of cerebellar granule cells (CGCs).RESULTS: Opa1 expression did not predominate in rat postnatal RGCs as found by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The pattern of mRNA isoforms was similar in whole retina and RGCs. After a few days in culture, isolated RGCs showed fine mitochondrial punctiform structures in the soma and neurites that colocalized with cytochrome c and Opa1. Opa1 knockdown in RGCs induced mitochondrial network aggregation at a higher rate than in CGCs.CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the level of expression and the mRNA isoforms do not underlie the vulnerability of RGCs to OPA1 mutations. However, aggregation of the mitochondrial network induced by the downregulation of Opa1 appears more frequent in RGCs than in control CGCs.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Down-Regulation', 'GTP Phosphohydrolases', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Silencing', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Isoenzymes', 'Mitochondria', 'Mitochondrial Diseases', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Retinal Diseases', 'Retinal Ganglion Cells', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transfection']
| 16,249,510
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D08.811.277.040.330'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['C18.452.660'], ['D12.776.575'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['C11.768'], ['A08.675.650.850.875', 'A09.371.729.831.875', 'A11.671.650.850.875'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lifetime weight gain linked to oesophageal and stomach cancers.
|
People who are overweight in early adulthood and become obese in later life are three times more likely to develop cancer of the oesophagus or upper stomach, new study results suggest.
|
['Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Weight Gain']
| 28,247,779
|
[['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Experimental uveitis can be maintained in rabbits for a period of six weeks after a safe sensitization method.
|
PURPOSE: New treatments against long-lasting uveitis need to be tested. Our aim was to develop a six-week model of uveitis in rabbits.METHODS: Rabbits were presensitized with an s.c. injection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA emulsified with TiterMax Gold adjuvant. Uveitis was induced at day 28 and 50, by intravitreal challenges of antigen suspension. Ocular inflammation was assessed till euthanasia at day 71 after s.c. injection of M. tuberculosis H37RA by: (a) the number of inflammatory cells in aqueous humor (AH); (b) the protein concentration in AH; (c) the clinical score (mean of conjunctival hyperaemia, conjunctival chemosis, oedema and secretion); (d) the microscopical score (mean presence of fibrin and synechiae, aqueous cell density and aqueous flare grade, as scored by slit lamp).RESULTS: At the sites of presensitization injection, rabbits presented flat nodules which progressively vanished. The first challenge induced a significant increase in the four parameters (p < 0.05 the Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis test). The AH contained 764 ± 82 cells/µl and 32 ± 0.77 mg protein/ml. During the following days, inflammatory parameters decreased slightly. The second intravitreal challenge increased inflammation (3564 ± 228 cells/µl AH and 31 ± 1 mg protein/ml), which remained at a high level for a longer period of time.CONCLUSION: We developed a model of long-term uveitis, which could be maintained in rabbits for at least six weeks. Such a model could be used to test the efficacy of either new drugs or various drug delivery systems intended to deliver active agents during a few months.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Aqueous Humor', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Immunization', 'Injections, Subcutaneous', 'Intravitreal Injections', 'Rabbits', 'Time Factors', 'Uveitis']
| 23,294,112
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.161'], ['A09.371.060.067.070', 'A12.207.270.040'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['E02.319.267.530.620'], ['E02.319.267.530.475.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C11.941.879']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
First description of the male of Yaobinthrips yangtzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).
|
The monobasic Thripinae genus Yaobinthrips has been known only from females, and the objective here is to provide a description of the male. A member of the Frankliniella genus-group, the type species, yangtzei Zhang et al. (2010) was described from specimens taken in Sichuan Province of Southwestern China from the flowers of Dalbergia yunnanensis [Fabaceae]. In April, 2015 a sample of both sexes of this thrips species was taken from the white flowers of the same plant species, but in Yunnan Province. This plant is actually widespread in southwestern China in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou Provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Provinces, growing at an elevation ranging from 1400 to 2200 meters, and flowering from April to May (Li et al. 2007).
|
['Animal Structures', 'Animals', 'Body Size', 'China', 'Fabaceae', 'Female', 'Flowers', 'Male', 'Organ Size', 'Thysanoptera']
| 27,395,534
|
[['A13'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401'], ['A18.024.249.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Localization of acetylcholinesterase activity and mRNA in the rabbit embryo between 10 and 15 days.
|
Histoenzymatic methods and in situ hybridization were used to follow AChE expression in rabbit embryos from 10 to 15 days. Transcripts of AChE are detected at the same developmental stages in all structures where enzymatic activity is found, except in neuronal extension and the ventral part of mesonephros. AChE and BChE expression were compared. BChE transcripts are detected before BChE activity can be revealed in blood cells and mesonephros.
|
['Acetylcholinesterase', 'Animals', 'Butyrylcholinesterase', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Embryonic and Fetal Development', 'Gestational Age', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rabbits']
| 8,186,691
|
[['D08.811.277.352.100.170.176'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.170.250'], ['A16.254'], ['G07.345.500.325', 'G08.686.784.170'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stimulation of synovial fibroblasts by calcium oxalate and monosodium urate monohydrate. A mechanism of connective tissue degradation in oxalosis and gout.
|
The responses of cultured rabbit synovial fibroblasts to amorphous and microcrystalline calcium oxalate were compared with responses to MSUM. Like urate crystals, crystalline calcium oxalate (but not amorphous oxalate) caused marked stimulation of secretion of latent collagenase and PGE2 after 3 days of culture without significant change in cell protein or gross cellular morphology. Collagenase rose from undetectable levels in control cultures to 32.4 +/- 6.0 and 27.4 +/- 7.9 U/mg of cell protein for crystalline calcium oxalate and MSUM, respectively. PGE2 rose from a control level of 0.24 +/- 0.14 to 19.47 +/- 5.15 and 23 +/- 4.84 micrograms/mg of cell protein for crystalline calcium oxalate and sodium urate compared to 1.22 +/- 0.48 microgram for amorphous calcium oxalate. Although the crystalline species studied caused LDH in the media to increase threefold, this was minimal. Cell stimulation by amorphous oxalate and the crystals did not correlate with membranolytic potential as measured with an erythrocyte lysis assay. Stimulation of resident synovial cells by crystalline calcium oxalate and sodium urate may contribute to the chronic inflammation and destruction of joint tissues that occurs in oxalosis and gout.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium Oxalate', 'Connective Tissue Diseases', 'Crystallization', 'Dinoprostone', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gout', 'Hemolysis', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Microbial Collagenase', 'Prostaglandins E', 'Rabbits', 'Synovial Fluid', 'Uric Acid']
| 6,292,314
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.241.081.337.593.750.500'], ['C17.300'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.329.228'], ['C05.550.114.423', 'C05.550.354.500', 'C05.799.414', 'C16.320.565.798.368', 'C18.452.648.798.368'], ['C23.550.403', 'G12.122.545'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.500', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.500'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['A02.835.583.443.800.800', 'A12.207.270.847'], ['D03.132.960.877', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.877']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Swimmer's view: a diagnostic adjunct for oesophageal foreign bodies.
|
We describe the use of a common radiographic view of the lower cervical skeleton, 'Swimmer's View', to aid the diagnosis of foreign bodies in the upper oesophagus, which may be obscured by the clavicles. We further recommend this view when there is uncertainty over the nature of an impacted food bolus in this location, and luminal air is the only visible sign on a plain soft-tissue cervical radiograph.
|
['Adult', 'Esophagus', 'Foreign Bodies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Radiography']
| 12,363,193
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A03.556.875.500'], ['C26.392'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Jagged1 (JAG1) mutations in Alagille syndrome: increasing the mutation detection rate.
|
Alagille syndrome (AGS) is caused by heterozygous mutations in JAG1, and mutations have been previously reported in about 70% of patients who meet clinical diagnostic criteria. We studied a cohort of 247 clinically well-defined patients, and using an aggressive and sequential screening approach we identified JAG1 mutations in 94% of individuals. Mutations were found in 232 out of 247 patients studied and 83 of the mutations were novel. This increase in the mutation rate was accomplished by combining rigorous clinical phenotyping, with a combination of mutation detection techniques, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), genomic and cDNA sequencing, and quantitative PCR. This higher rate of mutation identification has implications for clinical practice, facilitating genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, and evaluation of living-related liver transplant donors. Our results suggest that more aggressive screening may similarly increase the rate of mutation detection in other dominant and recessive disorders.
|
['Alagille Syndrome', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Cohort Studies', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Genetic Testing', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Jagged-1 Protein', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mutation', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Serrate-Jagged Proteins']
| 16,575,836
|
[['C06.130.120.135.250.125', 'C06.552.150.125', 'C14.240.400.044', 'C16.131.077.065', 'C16.131.240.400.044', 'C16.320.051'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['D12.644.276.930.500', 'D12.776.157.125.797.500', 'D12.776.543.800.500', 'D23.529.930.500'], ['D12.776.543'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D12.644.276.930', 'D12.776.157.125.797', 'D12.776.543.800', 'D23.529.930']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Henna (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) induced haemolytic anaemia in siblings.
|
Henna is a traditional cosmetic agent and is used worldwide. It is used worldwide not only as a cosmetic agent to stain the hair, skin and nails but also is applied to the body on lesions in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis or fungal infections. Different pathologies have been described as caused by henna. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the adverse effects of henna, applied over the whole body, observed in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme deficient siblings. In the present paper, we report on two siblings with G6PD deficiency who developed haemolytic anaemia following topical application of henna to their whole body to treat skin lesions. Their parents were also found to be G6PD deficient. Even though anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects of henna have been shown, it may cause severe side-effects in some cases. For this reason, especially, in the regions where G6PD enzyme deficiency is common, people should be informed about the side-effects of topical henna application and clinicians should be aware of these manifestations.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Anemia, Hemolytic', 'Child', 'Dermatologic Agents', 'Female', 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency', 'Humans', 'Ichthyosis Vulgaris', 'Male', 'Naphthoquinones', 'Pedigree', 'Siblings']
| 15,206,514
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['C15.378.071.141'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D27.505.954.444'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.480', 'C16.320.070.480', 'C16.320.565.202.402', 'C18.452.648.202.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.131.831.512.410', 'C16.320.850.405', 'C17.800.428.333.410', 'C17.800.804.512.410', 'C17.800.827.405'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.721', 'D02.806.550', 'D04.615.638.721'], ['E05.393.673'], ['F01.829.263.500.490', 'I01.880.853.150.500.505', 'M01.781']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of sialic acids in infant formula by chromatographic methods: a comparison of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography methods.
|
Sialic acid determination in an infant formula presents many challenges, including efficient sialic acid release from glycoconjugates, effective sample preparation, and rugged chromatography. This work compares 2 chromatographic assays developed for determination of sialic acids in infant formula. Prior to chromatography, both assays release sialic acids by acid hydrolysis and treat the hydrolysate with a subsequent anion-exchange sample preparation. Both high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and fluorescence ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) sample analysis methods were evaluated to compare assay performance and convenience. Calibration ranges were chosen to encompass the expected amounts of 2 sialic acids in infant formula: N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Response was linear by either method with coefficients of determination of 1.00 by HPAEC-PAD between 5.0 and 100pmol of Neu5Ac and between 0.34 and 6.8 pmol of Neu5Gc and >0.99 by UHPLC between 5.0 and 260 pmol of Neu5Ac and between 0.20 and 9.8 pmol of Neu5Gc. Both methods had sufficient sensitivity to determine these sialic acids in infant formula. Three infant formulas were analyzed to evaluate accuracy and precision of the assays. The HPAEC-PAD assay was found to be faster overall and the UHPLC assay was more sensitive. Reaction efficiency, and therefore sensitivity, was dependent on the sample matrix. This work illustrates sample-specific complexity that must be considered in choosing an assay.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant Formula', 'N-Acetylneuraminic Acid', 'Neuraminic Acids', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 22,365,198
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G07.203.100.712.249', 'G07.203.300.525.350.500', 'G07.203.300.525.500.500', 'J02.200.712.249', 'J02.500.525.350.500', 'J02.500.525.500.500'], ['D02.241.081.844.562.668.050', 'D02.241.511.902.562.668.050', 'D09.067.687.668.030', 'D09.811.589.668.030'], ['D02.241.081.844.562', 'D02.241.511.902.562', 'D09.067.687', 'D09.811.589'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Structural analysis of the SH3 domain of beta-PIX and its interaction with alpha-p21 activated kinase (PAK).
|
The PAK Ser/Thr kinases are important downstream effectors of the Rho family GTPases Cdc42 and Rac, partly mediating the role of these G proteins in cell proliferation and cytoskeletal rearrangements. As well as small G proteins, PAK interacts with the Cdc42/Rac exchange factor beta-PIX via the PIX SH3 domain and a nontypical Pro-rich region in PAK. This interaction is thought to affect the localization of PAK, as well as increased GTP/GDP exchange of Rac and Cdc42. We have determined the structure of the PIX-SH3/PAK peptide complex and shown that it differs from typical Src-like SH3/peptide complexes. The peptide makes contacts through the Pro-rich sequence in a similar way to standard SH3/peptide complexes, even though the Pro residue positions are not conserved. In addition, there are interactions with a Pro and Lys in the PAK, which are C-terminal to the conserved Arg found in all SH3-binding sequences. These contact a fourth binding pocket on the SH3 domain. We have measured the affinity of PIX-SH3 for the PAK peptide and found that it is of intermediate affinity. When PAK is activated, Ser-199 in the PIX-binding site is phosphorylated. This phosphorylation is sufficient to reduce the affinity for PIX 6-fold.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors', 'Guanosine Diphosphate', 'Guanosine Triphosphate', 'Humans', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Peptides', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Quaternary', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors', 'Signal Transduction', 'cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein', 'p21-Activated Kinases', 'rac GTP-Binding Proteins', 'src Homology Domains']
| 16,101,281
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.167'], ['D12.644.360.325.300', 'D12.776.476.325.300'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.340', 'D13.695.667.454.340', 'D13.695.827.426.340'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.504', 'D13.695.667.454.504', 'D13.695.827.426.504'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.550'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.644.360.325.300.099', 'D12.776.476.325.300.099'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700.050', 'D12.644.360.525.700.050', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700.050', 'D12.776.476.525.700.050'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.596', 'D12.644.360.552', 'D12.776.476.548'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700.100', 'D12.644.360.525.700.100', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700.100', 'D12.776.476.525.700.100'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.500.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fetal heart rate transmission with the facsimile telecopier in rural areas.
|
Over a 30-month period, 24 portable facsimile telecopiers were placed in rural hospitals with delivery services, allowing 24-hour direct transmission of fetal heart rate tracings for consultation. An analysis of the first 209 intrapartum fetal heart rate strips is presented. Variable decelerations were the most frequent indication for consultation, but they were less commonly interpreted as indicating fetal distress. Such units have major advantages in terms of both cost and versatility over previously described systems and have proved extremely valuable to the rural practitioner of obstetrics.
|
['Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart Rate, Fetal', 'Hospital Communication Systems', 'Hospitals', 'Hospitals, Rural', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Telecommunications', 'Utah']
| 2,729,378
|
[['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['G09.330.380.500.430'], ['N02.278.216.500.937', 'N04.452.442.452.322'], ['N02.278.421'], ['N02.278.421.518'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['L01.178.847'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Linking attentional control and PTSD symptom severity: the role of rumination.
|
Although deficits in attentional control have been linked to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the mechanism that may account for this association has not been fully elucidated. The present study examined rumination as a mediator of the relationship between attentional control and PTSD symptoms. Veterans with PTSD and trauma-exposed veterans without PTSD completed measures of attentional control, rumination, and PTSD symptom severity. As predicted, the findings showed that veterans with PTSD reported significantly lower levels of attentional control than veterans without PTSD. Veterans with PTSD also reported significantly higher levels of rumination than veterans without PTSD. Subsequent analysis of the total sample revealed that the relationship between attentional control and PTSD symptom severity was accounted for by excessive rumination. Attentional control may contribute to PTSD symptoms through excessive rumination. Attentional control and rumination may be important targets for PTSD interventions.
|
['Adult', 'Attention', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Rumination, Cognitive', 'Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic', 'Survivors', 'Trauma Severity Indices', 'Veterans']
| 28,632,107
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.188.878'], ['F03.950.750.500'], ['M01.860'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875', 'E05.944', 'N04.452.859.564.800', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.875'], ['M01.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Reasons for poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy postnatally in HIV-1 infected women treated for their own health: experiences from the Mitra Plus study in Tanzania.
|
BACKGROUND: In a study of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) by triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (the Mitra Plus study), retrospective viral load testing revealed a high and increasing frequency of detectable viral load during follow-up for two years postnatally in women given continuous ART for their own health suggesting poor adherence. This study explored women's own perceived barriers to adherence to ART post-delivery so as to identify ways to facilitate better drug adherence among women in need of ART for their own health.METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 of the 48 women who had detectable viral load at 24 months postnatally. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.RESULTS: Most women in the study did not acknowledge poor adherence until confronted with the viral load figures. Then, however, they revealed multiple reasons for failing to adhere. They said that their motivation to take ART decreased once they had protected their children from becoming infected and successfully weaned them. Feeling well for some, and a feeling of hopelessness for others, also decreased motivation to continue ART. The overwhelming demands of everyday life, poverty and lack of empowerment also posed significant barriers to long-term adherence. The need to keep their HIV status a secret and not let anyone see them taking the drugs was another steep barrier.CONCLUSION: Reasons for postnatal failure to adhere by mothers put on ART for life during pregnancy included lack of motivation to continue ART after weaning the child, poverty and stigma. Projects that simultaneously address stigma, poverty and women's lack of empowerment may be necessary for PMTCT and ART to reach their full potential. Our results indicate that the new WHO proposal to start all HIV-infected pregnant women on lifelong ART regardless of CD4 cell count needs to address the challenging realities of women in resource-poor contexts if it is to be successful.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Retroviral Agents', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical', 'Maternal Health Services', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Compliance', 'Postnatal Care', 'Pregnancy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tanzania', 'Viral Load']
| 23,647,555
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N06.850.335.875'], ['N02.421.143.620', 'N02.421.800.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['E02.760.703.500', 'N02.421.143.620.550.500', 'N02.421.585.703.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.058.290.120.840'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Rheological alteration of erythrocytes exposed to carbon nanotubes.
|
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been increasingly used in a variety of biomedical applications, such as in vivo delivery of drugs and tumor imaging. Potential exposure of SWNTs to human red blood cells (RBCs) may cause serious toxicity including alteration of mechanical properties of cells. The present study investigated the cellular response to exposure of SWNTs with measuring rheological characteristics of RBCs, including hemolysis, deformability, aggregation, and morphological changes. RBCs were exposed to two different dispersion-state samples (i.e. individual SWNTs and bundled SWNTs) in chitosan hydroxyphenyl acetamide (CHPA) solutions. The concentrations of SWNTs were carefully chosen to avoid any hemorheological alterations due to hemolysis. Rheological characteristics were measured using microfluidic-laser diffractometry and aggregometry. Our results show that the bundled SWNTs had higher hemolytic activity than did the individual SWNTs. RBC aggregation apparently decreased as the concentration of SWNTs or incubation time increased. Additionally, bundled SWNTs caused significant alterations in the shape and fusion of RBCs. In conclusion, bundled SWNTs were found to be more toxic than individual SWNTs. These results provide important insights into the interactions between RBCs and SWNTs and will facilitate assessment of the risk of nanomaterial toxicity of blood.
|
['Erythrocytes', 'Humans', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Rheology']
| 27,392,849
|
[['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Priming of semantic autobiographical knowledge: a case study of retrograde amnesia.
|
The case of a 36-year-old man who suffers dense retrograde and anterograde amnesia as a result of closed-head injury that caused extensive damage to his left frontal-parietal and right parieto-occipital lobes is described. Patient K.C. has normal intelligence and relatively well-preserved perceptual, linguistic, short-term memory, and reasoning abilities. He possesses some fragmentary general knowledge about his autobiographical past, but he does not remember a single personal event or happening from any time of his life. He has some preserved expert knowledge related to the work he did for 3 years before the onset of amnesia, although he has no personal recollections from that period. Some features of K.C.'s retrograde amnesia can be interpreted in terms of the distinction between episodic and semantic memory, and in terms of the distinction between episodic and semantic autobiographical knowledge. K.C.'s semantic knowledge, but not his episodic knowledge, showed progressive improvement, or priming, in the course of the investigation.
|
['Adult', 'Amnesia', 'Amnesia, Retrograde', 'Autobiographies as Topic', 'Brain', 'Cues', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Radiography', 'Semantics']
| 3,166,816
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.597.606.525.100', 'C23.888.592.604.529.100', 'F01.700.625.100', 'F03.615.200'], ['C10.597.606.525.100.150', 'C23.888.592.604.529.100.150', 'F01.700.625.100.150', 'F03.615.200.150'], ['K01.517.211.215'], ['A08.186.211'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['L01.559.598.745']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A diagnostic odyssey: detection of an unusual anterior papillary muscle of the tricuspid valve.
|
A routine chest X-ray in a 78-year-old female patient suggested a retained vascular catheter in the right ventricle (RV). On transthoracic echocardiography, a prominent linear echo was found in the RV and the patient was referred for cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Although neither of these tests showed evidence of a retained foreign body in the RV, they could not clarify the nature of the linear structure within the RV cavity. Finally, transesophageal echocardiography, using a matrix array three-dimensional probe solved the mystery: the linear structure in question within the RV was a large papillary muscle with attachments to the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve and an unusual origin from the interventricular septum.
|
['Aged', 'Echocardiography', 'Echocardiography, Transesophageal', 'Female', 'Foreign Bodies', 'Heart Septal Defects, Atrial', 'Heart Septum', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Papillary Muscles', 'Tricuspid Valve']
| 20,053,656
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.235', 'E01.370.350.850.220.235', 'E01.370.370.380.220.235'], ['C26.392'], ['C14.240.400.560.375', 'C14.280.400.560.375', 'C16.131.240.400.560.375'], ['A07.541.459'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A02.633.580.680', 'A07.541.510.619', 'A07.541.704.750'], ['A07.541.510.893']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
ATP-dependent transport of bilirubin glucuronides by the multidrug resistance protein MRP1 and its hepatocyte canalicular isoform MRP2.
|
Bilirubin is secreted from the liver into bile mainly as monoglucuronosyl and bisglucuronosyl conjugates. We demonstrate for the first time that ATP-dependent transport of both bilirubin glucuronides is mediated by the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) as well as by the distinct canalicular (apical) isoform MRP2, also termed cMRP or cMOAT (canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter). In membrane vesicles from MRP1-transfected HeLa cells mono[3H]glucuronosylbilirubin and bis[3H]glucuronosylbilirubin (each at 0.5 microM) were transported with rates of 5.3 and 3.1 pmol/min per mg of protein respectively. Rat hepatocyte canalicular membrane vesicles, which contain Mrp2 (the rat equivalent of MRP2), transported mono[3H]glucuronosylbilirubin and bis[3H]glucuronosylbilirubin at rates of 8.9 and 8.5 pmol/min per mg of protein, whereas membrane vesicles from mutant liver lacking Mrp2 showed no transport of the conjugates. In membrane vesicles from human hepatoma Hep G2 cells, which predominantly expressed MRP2, transport rates were 8.3 and 4.4 pmol/min per mg of protein for monoglucuronosylbilirubin and bisglucuronosylbilirubin respectively. ATP-dependent transport of the glutathione S-conjugate -3H-leukotriene C4, an established high-affinity substrate for MRP1 and MRP2, was inhibited by both bilirubin glucuronides with IC50 values between 0.10 and 0.75 microM. The ratios of leukotriene C4 transport and bilirubin glucuronide transport, determined in the same membrane vesicle preparation, indicated substrate specificity differences between MRP1 and MRP2 with a preference of MRP2 for the glucuronides.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B', 'ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Bilirubin', 'Biological Transport', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Membrane', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Leukotriene C4', 'Liver', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,355,767
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.249.184', 'D03.633.400.909.249.184', 'D04.345.783.249.184', 'D23.767.193.184'], ['G03.143'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A11.284.149'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450.855.455', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887.855.455', 'D23.469.050.175.450.725.400'], ['A03.620'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G02.111.835'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High Serum Folate Is Associated with Brain Atrophy in Older Diabetic People with Vitamin B12 Deficiency.
|
Previous studies have reported the adverse cognitive effects of high folate status in older individuals with vitamin B12 (VB12) deficiency. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate how high serum folate and VB12 deficiency could collaboratively aggravate neuronal degeneration. In total, 146 older non-demented diabetic individuals with an average age of 75 ± 3.9 were recruited. VB12 deficiency and high folate status were based on high serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations (> 0.3 ìmol/L) and the serum folate concentration being in the top tertile (> 31.4 nmol/L) respectively. Among these subjects, there were 20 with elevated MMA and high folate. The structural magnetic resonance imaging data of these subjects were analyzed by performing flexible factorial analysis with the "folate level" and "MMA level" added as main effects, and the interaction effect of folate and VB12 on brain volume was evaluated. The results showed significant gray matter atrophy of the right middle occipital gyrus and the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus in subjects with a simultaneous high folate status and VB12 deficiency. Together with previous observational studies on cognitive function, this study lends support to the notion that high serum folate concentrations in older people with VB12 deficiency may be associated with increased neurodegeneration.
|
['Aged', 'Brain Diseases', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Vitamin B 12 Deficiency']
| 29,083,449
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140'], ['C19.246.099'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.699.923']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An alpha modulation index for electroencephalographic studies using complex demodulation.
|
An automated technique for measuring the relative amount of amplitude modulation of electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha activity is developed to increase the number of existing tools for differentiating the various types of alpha activity. EEG data collected from 12 normal males is used to characterize alpha modulation frequency characteristics. From these findings, a complex demodulation method is constructed to extract the amplitude modulation envelope of alpha activity from an epoch of EEG data while disregarding both continuous amplitude alpha activity and activity outside the alpha band. A threshold technique is then used to determine the relative amount of modulation contained within the data epoch. This metric is termed the alpha modulation index (AMI). Good correlation (R2 = 0.86) is found when automated scoring results are compared with manual scoring of physiologic EEG alpha modulation. The flexibility of this technique makes it easily adaptable to other EEG frequency bands and applications.
|
['Electroencephalography', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted']
| 10,912,347
|
[['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibition of lymphocyte adhesion to cytokine-activated synovial fibroblasts by glucocorticoids involves the attenuation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 gene expression.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of glucocorticoids to inhibit lymphocyte adhesion to human synovial fibroblasts.METHODS: Adhesion of lymphocytes to cultured synovial fibroblasts was measured by counting the number of cells bound to fibroblasts. Surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) surface expression was measured by flow cytometry. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were assessed by Northern blot analysis.RESULTS: Stimulation of synovial fibroblasts by the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interferon-gamma resulted in a dose-dependent increase in lymphocyte adhesion to synovial fibroblasts. This response was inhibited by preincubation of the cells with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Since lymphocyte adhesion to synovial fibroblasts is known to be mediated by VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, we examined the modulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in these cells. All 3 cytokines stimulated VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 surface and mRNA expression. Dexamethasone inhibited both VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 surface and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, which correlated with the inhibition of lymphocyte adhesion.CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that glucocorticoids may reduce inflammatory responses at extravascular sites by inhibiting the expression of these adhesion molecules, thereby reducing the adhesion of lymphocytes to connective tissue cells.
|
['Blotting, Northern', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cytokines', 'Dexamethasone', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Fibroblasts', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Lymphocytes', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Synovial Membrane', 'Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1']
| 8,849,372
|
[['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['G04.022'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A11.329.228'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.450', 'D12.776.543.550.200.450', 'D23.050.301.350.450'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A02.835.583.443.800'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.920', 'D12.776.543.550.200.920', 'D23.050.301.350.920']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The association of self-rated health and mortality--a 7-year follow-up study of a Japanese community].
|
This study aims to examine whether self-rated health is an independent predictor of cause-specific mortality even after the influence by a variety of factors in relation to mortality reported by previous studies have been excluded. This study included randomly selected 4,259 inhabitants (1,827 men and 2,432 women) in Y city, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan, aged from 30 to 79 in 1987. These subjects were surveyed in 1987 by self-administered questionnaires regarding self-rated health as well as life habits, and followed up for their vital status and underlying causes of death. After excluding the individuals who were lost to follow up or who didn't respond to the question on self-rated health, 4,046 individuals were analysed to see the relationship between self-rated health and cause-specific mortality by Cox proportional hazard models, controlling for sex, age, smoking, BMI, medical care use and ADL. It was shown that relative risks for all causes, cancer, circulatory disease and other causes among the unhealthy group were 2.95 (95% CI: 1.93-4.50), 2.96 (1.53-5.73), 2.32 (0.86-6.26) and 4.09 (2.12-7.89), relatively. In the analyses of the subgroup (subjects without diseases in 1987 or subjects excluding deceased cases within first 3 years after follow-up), to avoid selection bias, the association between self-rated health and mortality was substantially similar to the results obtained in the former analysis, even the association was weakened. Even after excluding both of the subjects with diseases in 1987 and the subjects who died in the first 3 years after follow-up, self-rated health could be associated with mortality from all causes (RR = 1.89, 95%CI; 0.91-3.94). From the results it is suggested that self-rated health itself can be the independent predictor of mortality.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cause of Death', 'Cohort Studies', 'Community Medicine', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mortality', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Self Concept', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 8,701,113
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['H02.403.220'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Psychiatric disorders during adolescence (author's transl)].
|
The psychopathology of adolescence shows three areas of dysfunction: 1. maturity deficits with an attitude of protest, loss of motivations, conversion symptomatology, 2. hypochondriac symptoms, obsessive-compulsive features, dysphorias, intellectual-physical handicaps, 3. antisocial behaviour, delinquency, neglect, addiction. 3. different courses can be distinguished longitudinally: 1. a double peak course with a disorder during childhood and adolescence with antisocial behavior, personality disorders and neurotic developments, 2. disorders during childhood which improve later (enuresis, encopresis, tics), 3. psychosis, maturity crisis, depressive reactions, obsessive compulsive syndromes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Antisocial Personality Disorder', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Humans', 'Hypochondriasis', 'Mental Disorders', 'Neurotic Disorders', 'Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder', 'Personality Disorders']
| 6,170,177
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F03.675.050'], ['F03.625.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.875.450'], ['F03'], ['F03.080.550', 'F03.650'], ['F03.080.600'], ['F03.675']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Methodical experiences for registration of parameters under ergometric loads of children and young people (author's transl)].
|
Evaluation of the cardiovascular capacity is possible by means of bicycle ergometers. An important and useful parameter is the actual heart rate. The author describes the registration of heart rate using modified electrodes for thorax and the advantages of this methodical proceeding are shown.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Electrocardiography', 'Electrodes', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Physical Exertion', 'Physical Fitness']
| 7,315,624
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E07.305.250'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.683'], ['G11.427.685', 'I03.450.642.845.054.800', 'N01.400.545']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Inhibitory activity of tryptanthrin on prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis.
|
The indolo[2,1- b]quinazoline alkaloid tryptanthrin has previously been identified as the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory principle in the extract ZE550 prepared from the medicinal plant Isatis tinctoria (Brassicaceae). We here investigated the potential inhibitory activity of tryptanthrin and ZE550 on COX-2, COX-1 in cellular and cell-free systems. A certain degree of selectivity towards COX-2 was observed when COX-1-dependent formation of thromboxane B(2) (TxB(2)) in HEL cells and COX-2-dependent formation of 6-ketoprostaglandin F(1alpha) (6-keto-PGF(1alpha)) in Mono Mac 6 and RAW 264.7 cells were compared. Preferential inhibition of COX-2 by two orders of magnitude was found in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) activated bovine aortic coronary endothelial cells (BAECs). Assays with purified COX isoenzymes from sheep confirmed the high selectivity towards COX-2. The leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) release from calcium ionophore-stimulated human granulocytes (neutrophils) was used as a model to determine 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity. Tryptanthrin and the extract ZE550 inhibited LTB(4) release in a dose dependent manner and with a potency comparable to that of the clinically used 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton.
|
['Animals', 'Brassicaceae', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclooxygenase 1', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors', 'Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'Leukotriene B4', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Neutrophils', 'Phytotherapy', 'Plant Extracts', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'Prostaglandins', 'Quinazolines', 'Sheep']
| 12,391,548
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.600.720.500'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D27.505.519.389.310.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.310', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450.411', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887.411', 'D23.469.050.175.450.415'], ['D12.776.543'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['E02.190.755'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D08.811.600.720', 'D08.811.682.690.708.715'], ['D10.251.355.255.550', 'D23.469.050.175.725'], ['D03.633.100.786'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human hyperimmune globulin protects against the cytotoxic action of staphylococcal alpha-toxin in vitro and in vivo.
|
Alpha-toxin, the major cytolysin of Staphylococcus aureus, preferentially attacks human platelets and cultured monocytes, thereby promoting coagulation and the release of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. Titers of naturally occurring antibodies in human blood are not high enough to substantially inhibit these pathological reactions. In the present study, F(ab')2 fragment preparations from hyperimmune globulin obtained from immunized volunteers were tested for their capacity to inhibit the cytotoxic action of alpha-toxin in vitro and in vivo. These antibody preparations exhibited neutralizing anti-alpha-toxin titers of 80 to 120 IU/ml, whereas titers in commercial immunoglobulin preparations were 1 to 4 IU/ml. In vitro, the presence of 2 to 4 mg of hyperimmune globulin per ml protected human platelets against the action of 1 to 2 micrograms of alpha-toxin per ml. Similarly, these antibodies fully protected human monocytes against the ATP-depleting and cytokine-liberating effects of 0.1 to 1 microgram of alpha-toxin per ml. Intravenous application of 0.5 mg (85 to 120 micrograms/kg of body weight) of alpha-toxin in cynomolgus monkeys elicited acute pathophysiological reactions which were heralded by a selective drop in blood platelet counts. Toxin doses of 1 to 2 mg (170 to 425 micrograms/kg) had a rapid lethal effect, the animals presenting with signs of cardiovascular collapse and pulmonary edema. Prior intravenous application of 4 ml of hyperimmune globulins per kg inhibited the systemic toxic and lethal effects of 1 mg (200 micrograms/kg) of alpha-toxin. In contrast, normal human immunoglobulins exhibited no substantial protective efficacy in vitro and only marginal effects in vivo. It is concluded that high-titered anti-alpha-toxin antibodies effectively protect against the cytotoxic actions of alpha-toxin.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Biological Factors', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation', 'Hemolysin Proteins', 'Humans', 'Immunization, Passive', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Macaca fascicularis', 'Monocytes', 'Monokines', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Staphylococcus aureus']
| 2,777,380
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.946.123'], ['D23'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['A11.251'], ['C15.378.100.220', 'C15.378.463.250', 'C15.378.925.220'], ['D12.776.543.695.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.330', 'E05.478.550.520'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.520'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D12.644.276.374.500', 'D12.776.467.374.500', 'D23.529.374.500'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The role of monocytes in phagocytosis and mixed leukocyte reactivity in human acute myeloid leukemia.
|
Lymphocyte proliferation, as measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR), was significantly enhanced (p less than 0.01) when macrophages sensitized by target myeloblasts were added to monocyte-depleted lymphocyte fractions in the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) with human leukemic myeloblasts as stimulators and panels of normal lymphocytes as responders. Monocyte addition in the same concentration range to unfractionated lymphocytes resulted in highly significant facilitation (p less than 0.0001) of MLR response patterns to myeloblastic stimulation. However, with substitution of a different myeloblastic stimulator, this facilitation was not observed. At higher monocyte-lymphocyte ratios (1:15) the monocytes appeared to be capable of strongly inhibiting the MLR. Monocyte capacity to engulf and kill Candida albicans organisms was normal in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients given "immunotherapy" with BCG and leukemic cells.
|
['Cell Separation', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed', 'Male', 'Monocytes', 'Phagocytosis']
| 155,645
|
[['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['G12.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['E01.370.225.812.385.475', 'E05.200.812.385.475', 'E05.478.594.385.429'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pancreatic islet GLUT2 glucose transporter mRNA and protein expression in humans with and without NIDDM.
|
GLUT2 glucose transporter mRNA has been shown to be underexpressed in pancreatic islets of numerous animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It has been proposed that this molecular defect contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes, although information concerning the expression of GLUT2 in human pancreatic islet tissue is lacking. In contrast to the high abundance of GLUT2 in rat islets, human islets were found to express distinctly low levels of this glucose transporter mRNA and protein. Thus, a sensitive competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to quantify human GLUT2 mRNA. We obtained pancreases from 4 human organ donors with previously diagnosed NIDDM and 11 nondiabetic donors and found no significant differences in GLUT2 mRNA between the two groups. GLUT2 mRNA was 0.24 +/- 0.08 amol/micrograms RNA (mean +/- SE) in pancreases from humans with diabetes and 0.27 +/- 0.06 amol/microgram RNA in those without this diagnosis. Similarly, human pancreatic islet GLUT2 protein was measured by immunoblot and found to be present at similar levels in two individuals with diabetes relative to six control samples. These results thus demonstrate the existence of species differences in the abundance of islet GLUT2 mRNA and protein. Furthermore, the analysis of islet GLUT2 in a small sample of human organ donors with and without diabetes raises the possibility that decreased beta-cell GLUT2 may not represent a widespread feature of humans with NIDDM.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Western', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Gene Expression', 'Glucose Transporter Type 2', 'Humans', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Monosaccharide Transport Proteins', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Proinsulin', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tissue Donors']
| 7,589,840
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['G05.297'], ['D12.776.157.530.500.500.750', 'D12.776.157.530.937.563.750', 'D12.776.543.585.500.500.750', 'D12.776.543.585.937.625.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.157.530.500', 'D12.776.543.585.500'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500', 'D12.776.811.706'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['M01.898']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Operational control of water fluoridation in Niter?i, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil].
|
The aim of this study was to evaluate the operational control of water fluoridation at the city water supply plant in Niter?i, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from January to December 2000. The water treatment supervisor filled out a questionnaire on the control of water fluoridation. In addition, water samples were collected every two weeks for fluoride analysis before and after treatment. Samples were analyzed by an independent laboratory using an ion-specific electrode. According to the water treatment supervisor, the entire process for controlling fluoride concentration in the water was rigorous and complied with Brazilian guidelines, but according to testing, 96% of samples were inadequate in terms of risks/benefits of fluoride use from water. The information obtained from the plant supervisor and the test data were thus mutually inconsistent. Based on these data, an independent water fluoride concentration control program is needed to ensure the benefits of dental caries prevention for the population.
|
['Brazil', 'Fluoridation', 'Fluorides', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Water Supply']
| 12,700,784
|
[['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E06.761.382', 'N06.890.235'], ['D01.248.497.158.380', 'D01.303.350.300'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['J01.293.821.500']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Peripheral surgical wounding and age-dependent neuroinflammation in mice.
|
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction is associated with morbidity and mortality. However, its neuropathogenesis remains largely to be determined. Neuroinflammation and accumulation of â-amyloid (Aâ) have been reported to contribute to cognitive dysfunction in humans and cognitive impairment in animals. Our recent studies have established a pre-clinical model in mice, and have found that the peripheral surgical wounding without the influence of general anesthesia induces an age-dependent Aâ accumulation and cognitive impairment in mice. We therefore set out to assess the effects of peripheral surgical wounding, in the absence of general anesthesia, on neuroinflammation in mice with different ages. Abdominal surgery under local anesthesia was established in 9 and 18 month-old mice. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-á (TNF-á), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Iba1 positive cells (the marker of microglia activation), CD33, and cognitive function in mice were determined. The peripheral surgical wounding increased the levels of TNF-á, IL-6, and Iba1 positive cells in the hippocampus of both 9 and 18 month-old mice, and age potentiated these effects. The peripheral surgical wounding increased the levels of CD33 in the hippocampus of 18, but not 9, month-old mice. Finally, anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen ameliorated the peripheral surgical wounding-induced cognitive impairment in 18 month-old mice. These data suggested that the peripheral surgical wounding could induce an age-dependent neuroinflammation and elevation of CD33 levels in the hippocampus of mice, which could lead to cognitive impairment in aged mice. Pending further studies, anti-inflammatory therapies may reduce the risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients.
|
['Age Factors', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Cognition', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Conditioning, Psychological', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Fear', 'Female', 'Hippocampus', 'Ibuprofen', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-6', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3', 'Surgical Procedures, Operative', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Wound Healing']
| 24,796,537
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F03.615.250'], ['F02.463.425.179'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['F01.470.361'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D02.241.223.701.430'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C10'], ['C23.550.767'], ['D12.776.503.921.400', 'D23.050.301.264.900.565', 'D23.101.100.900.565'], ['E04'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pathway Grafting for Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Production in Ashbya gossypii through Golden Gate Rapid Assembly.
|
Here we present a Golden Gate assembly system adapted for the rapid genomic engineering of the industrial fungus Ashbya gossypii. This biocatalyst is an excellent biotechnological chassis for synthetic biology applications and is currently used for the industrial production of riboflavin. Other bioprocesses such as the production of folic acid, nucleosides, amino acids and biolipids have been recently reported in A. gossypii. In this work, an efficient assembly system for the expression of heterologous complex pathways has been designed. The expression platform comprises interchangeable DNA modules, which provides flexibility for the use of different loci for integration, selection markers and regulatory sequences. The functionality of the system has been applied to engineer strains able to synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (up to 35% of total fatty acids). The production of the industrially relevant arachidonic, eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acids remarks the potential of A. gossypii to produce these functional lipids.
|
['Biomass', 'Eremothecium', 'Fatty Acid Desaturases', 'Fatty Acids, Omega-3', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Metabolic Engineering', 'Plasmids', 'Synthetic Biology']
| 30,261,136
|
[['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['B01.300.107.795.250', 'B01.300.930.350'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.392'], ['D10.212.302.380.410', 'D10.251.355.337', 'D10.627.430.450'], ['D10.251.355'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['E05.393.420.526', 'E05.481.500.311.249', 'J01.293.069.249.249'], ['G05.360.600'], ['H01.158.273.904', 'J01.293.069.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Anencephaly does not cause structural alterations in the fetal penis.
|
INTRODUCTION: Anencephaly is the most severe neural tube defect in human fetuses. There is an increasing need for tissue replacement in chronic diseases and reconstructive surgeries. Fetal tissues have been used as a substitute for native organs.AIM: The aim of this article was to compare the structure and morphology of the corpora cavernosa (CC) and spongiosum (SP) of penises from anencephalic and normal human fetuses.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures of this study were the proposition of a new model for biological studies and tissue transplantation.METHODS: We studied 11 penises from normal human fetuses, aged 14-23 weeks postconception (WPC), and five penises from anencephalic fetuses, aged 18-22 WPC. The organs were removed and processed by routine histological and immunolabeling techniques. Analysis of connective tissue (Cot), smooth muscle (SMC), and elastic fiber (EF) were performed in sections. Data were expressed as area density (Ad) using digital processing and software. Means were statistically compared using the unpaired t-test and linear regression was performed. Statistical significance was considered if P<0.05.RESULTS: The intracavernosal septum was present in all samples. We did not observe differences in the Ad of Cot and SMC in the penises of anencephalic fetuses when compared with normal ones. The simple linear regression suggested that during human development, there is a gradual increase in Cot (R(2)=+0.45) and a decrease of SMC (R(2)=-0.62) in the CC in both groups studied. Elastin was observed only in fetuses from 20th WPC.CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in the structure of the CC and corpus SP of anencephalic fetuses compared with normal ones. Elastin was documented from 20th WPC, which suggests the maintenance of erectile function. Histochemistry and immunolabeling suggested that penile shaft development is maintained and unaltered in anencephalic fetuses. Further studies should be performed to analyze anencephalic fetuses as a potential tissue-donating group and a model for biological studies.
|
['Anencephaly', 'Female', 'Fetal Diseases', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Penile Diseases', 'Penis', 'Pregnancy', 'Tissue Donors']
| 22,239,726
|
[['C10.500.680.196', 'C16.131.085.197', 'C16.131.666.680.196'], ['C13.703.277', 'C16.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.494'], ['A05.360.444.492'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['M01.898']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Stable and Functional Rhomboid Proteases in Lipid Nanodiscs by Using Diisobutylene/Maleic Acid Copolymers.
|
Rhomboid proteases form a paradigm for intramembrane proteolysis and have been implicated in several human diseases. However, their study is hampered by difficulties in solubilization and purification. We here report on the use of polymers composed of maleic acid and either diisobutylene or styrene for solubilization of rhomboid proteases in lipid nanodiscs, which proceeds with up to 48% efficiency. We show that the activity of rhomboids in lipid nanodiscs is closer to that in the native membrane than rhomboids in detergent. Moreover, a rhomboid that was proteolytically unstable in detergent turned out to be stable in lipid nanodiscs, underlining the benefit of using these polymer-stabilized nanodiscs. The systems are also compatible with the use of activity-based probes and can be used for small molecule inhibitor screening, allowing several downstream applications.
|
['Alkenes', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Maleates', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nanoparticles', 'Particle Size', 'Polymers', 'Serine Proteases', 'Small Molecule Libraries']
| 30,347,979
|
[['D02.455.326.271'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10'], ['D02.241.081.337.502'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['G02.712'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D08.811.277.656.959'], ['D27.720.470.765']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Trade-offs between activity and thermoregulation in a small carnivore, the least weasel Mustela nivalis.
|
We studied factors influencing daily energy expenditures (DEE) of male least weasels (Mustela nivalis) using the doubly labelled water technique. The relationship between ambient temperature and DEE formed a triangular pattern, characterized by invariance of the maximum DEE and an inverse relationship between minimum DEE and temperature. A simple energetic model relating the DEE of male weasels to activity time (AT) and ambient temperature predicted that, across seasons, less than 10 per cent of measurements approach the upper bound of observed DEE. Male weasels were able to maintain a relatively constant maximum energy output across varying temperatures by adjusting their AT to changes in temperature. They achieved maximum energy expenditures in winter due to high thermoregulatory costs, and in spring and summer due to high levels of physical activity. This pattern exemplifies a 'metabolic niche' of a small mammal having extremely high energy expenditures primarily driven by ambient temperature.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Body Size', 'Body Temperature Regulation', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Male', 'Models, Biological', 'Mustelidae', 'Regression Analysis', 'Seasons', 'Temperature']
| 19,324,766
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['G07.110.232', 'G07.410.421', 'G16.012.500.535'], ['G03.295'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.575'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Therapeutic Interferon Interchange in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Lowers Health Care and Pharmacy Expenditures with Comparable Safety.
|
INTRODUCTION: For patients with a less-active (fewer relapses or complete recovery from relapses, less radiologic burden of disease, or no or limited disease-related disability) relapsing form of multiple sclerosis (MS), interferon (IFN) beta-1b subcutaneous is similar in efficacy to IFN beta-1a intramuscular and subcutaneous. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of patient interchange from an IFN beta-1a to IFN beta-1b.METHODS: This was a retrospective, pre-post study of adult patients with relapsing MS who underwent interchange from an IFN beta-1a to IFN beta-1b between April 15, 2014, and April 30, 2015. Health care financial and utilization outcomes between the 6 months before and after interchange were compared, and safety outcomes after interchange were assessed.RESULTS: A total of 36 primarily white, middle-age, and female patients underwent interchange. Monthly total health care and pharmacy expenditures decreased by approximately 40% and 44%, respectively, from pre-to-post interchange (p < 0.001). Health care utilization was unchanged (p < 0.05). Seven (43.8%) patients underwent interchange back to IFN beta-1a intramuscular. No patients underwent interchange back to IFN beta-1a subcutaneous. The most common adverse effect reported after interchange was injection-site reaction.CONCLUSION: Health care expenditures decreased and adverse effects were limited among patients with MS who underwent an interchange from an IFN beta-1a to IFN beta-1b. These findings suggest that a therapeutic interchange between IFNs for patients with less-active MS disease is well tolerated. Further research is needed to determine the impact of such an interchange on disease progression.
|
['Antiviral Agents', 'Female', 'Health Expenditures', 'Humans', 'Interferons', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,201,091
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['N03.219.151.450', 'N05.300.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440', 'D12.776.467.374.440', 'D23.529.374.440'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500.600', 'C10.314.350.500.600', 'C20.111.258.250.500.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Sequelae of injuries on the lower urogenital system].
|
A description of aetiology, symptomatology, and diagnosis of traumatic lesions of the bladder, urethra, and genital organs is followed by a critical discussion of therapy. Contributions to these topics coming from round-table discussions, held at several international urological meetings during the past few years, are considered. Important points concerning traumatic lesions of the bladder, and the male, female, and infant urethra are stressed. Consideration is given to diagnostic methods and to surgical methods relative to localisation, degree, and age of urethral lesion. Complications resulting with and without therapy are laid down.
|
['Abdominal Injuries', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Erectile Dysfunction', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intussusception', 'Male', 'Penis', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Urethra', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Urinary Incontinence', 'Urogenital System']
| 991,699
|
[['C26.017'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C12.294.644.486', 'F03.835.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.531.577'], ['A05.360.444.492'], ['C23.550.767'], ['A05.360.444.492.726', 'A05.810.876'], ['A05.810.890'], ['C12.777.934.852', 'C13.351.968.934.814', 'C23.888.942.343.800'], ['A05']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Mibefradil in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris: comparative studies with other calcium antagonists.
|
The ability of mibefradil, a new T-channel-selective calcium antagonist, to improve exercise tolerance and silent ischemic parameters in patients with chronic stable angina was compared in 3 separate trials with 2 other commonly used calcium antagonists: diltiazem SR (120 mg/twice daily) and amlodipine (10 mg/day). Compared with amlodipine, mibefradil 100 mg given once daily over a 3-week period resulted in a statistically significantly larger increase from baseline in total exercise tolerance test (ETT) duration (treatment difference of 40.9 sec, p = 0.04), time to onset of angina (treatment difference 61.2 sec, p < 0.001), and time to onset of ischemia (treatment difference of 54.4 sec, p = 0.004). The decrease in weekly anginal episodes was 58% with mibefradil versus 19% with amlodipine, and the reduction in nitroglycerin consumption was 58% with mibefradil versus a 10% increase with amlodipine. The decrease in the number of silent ischemic episodes detected by a 48-hour Holter recording was significantly larger (p = 0.03) with mibefradil 100 mg (88%) compared with amlodipine 10 mg (38%). Similarly, a larger decrease in the duration of silent ischemia was observed with mibefradil (69%) compared with that seen with amlodipine (38%). The preliminary results of a second trial comparing mibefradil with amlodipine were consistent with the first demonstrating that the improvement for all 3 ETT parameters was larger for mibefradil (ETT duration: 55.2 sec; delay in onset angina: 74.2 sec; time to onset of ischemia: 63.6 sec), but in this trial the treatment differences did not reach statistical significance. In the trial comparing mibefradil (100 mg once daily) with diltiazem SR (120 mg twice daily), both compounds had equivalent effects on all ETT parameters tested. Mibefradil produced a 21% increase in exercise duration compared with a 20% increase with diltiazem. Although mibefradil yielded larger increases in the time to onset of angina and the time to onset of 1-mm ST-segment depression (42% and 38%, respectively) than did diltiazem (34% and 25%, respectively), the treatment differences did not reach statistical significance. Both mibefradil and diltiazem SR were associated with at least a 70% reduction from baseline in anginal frequency and nitroglycerin consumption. Mibefradil-treated patients showed greater decreases in heart rate and the rate-pressure product at each stage of the ETT than patients treated with amlodipine or diltiazem SR. All 3 drugs were well tolerated. However, compared with mibefradil, amlodipine and diltiazem SR produced a higher incidence of leg edema. In conclusion, the effectiveness of mibefradil in improving all 3 ETT parameters was greater than that of amlodipine and equivalent to that of diltiazem SR. Moreover, mibefradil provided greater reductions in the heart rate and cardiac workload than did the other 2 drugs.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Amlodipine', 'Angina Pectoris', 'Benzimidazoles', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Chronic Disease', 'Diltiazem', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mibefradil', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitroglycerin', 'Tetrahydronaphthalenes']
| 9,286,852
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D03.383.725.203.065'], ['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['D03.633.100.103'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D03.633.100.079.150'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.585', 'D03.633.100.103.618', 'D04.615.638.960.585'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.640.636'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960', 'D04.615.638.960']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
1,4-Dioxane and ergosterol derivatives from Withania somnifera roots.
|
The chemical investigation on the n-hexane extract of Withania somnifera roots has yielded octacosane, oleic and stearic fatty acids, stigmasterone, stigmasterol, sitostanone, oleanolic acid along with the ergosterol and 1,4-dioxane derivatives as new compounds. The isolation of alkenyl-1,4-dioxane compound is rare, whereas the ergosterol derivative may have biogenetic significance in the lactone formation in the E ring of withanolides. The presence of a 1,4-dioxane derivative in the nonpolar extract of roots assumes importance as this type of compound has not been reported earlier from W. somnifera. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical transformations.
|
['Dioxanes', 'Ergosterol', 'Hexanes', 'Molecular Structure', 'Plant Roots', 'Withania']
| 22,263,592
|
[['D03.383.188'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.537'], ['D02.455.326.146.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['A18.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative effects of velnacrine, tacrine and physostigmine on the twitch responses in the rat phrenic-hemidiaphragm preparation.
|
1. Cholinesterase inhibitors potentiated twitch responses induced by nerve stimulation, with physostigmine more potent than tacrine and velnacrine. However, at higher concentrations, tacrine decreased twitch responses in a concentration-dependent manner. 2. Tacrine strongly depressed directly-induced twitch responses, whereas the other drugs had minimal effects. 3. Physostigmine was the most potent drug in reversal of tubocurarine-induced blockade, but its antagonism index was similar to those obtained with tacrine and velnacrine at higher concentrations. When evaluating their ability to reverse neomycin-induced blockade, all drugs exhibited a similar effect. 4. It is concluded that tacrine and velnacrine are less potent than physostigmine in potentiating skeletal neuromuscular transmission. Additionally, the blocking effects of tacrine could limit its therapeutic efficacy.
|
['Animals', 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'Electric Stimulation', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Neuromuscular Blocking Agents', 'Neuromuscular Junction', 'Phrenic Nerve', 'Physostigmine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Respiratory Muscles', 'Tacrine']
| 8,270,168
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.389.275', 'D27.505.519.625.120.300', 'D27.505.696.577.120.300'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E05.481'], ['G11.427.494'], ['D27.505.696.663.700.710'], ['A08.800.550.550.550', 'A08.850.550.550', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550'], ['A08.800.800.720.150.700'], ['D02.241.081.251.583.682', 'D03.132.436.545', 'D03.633.100.473.402.545', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.545'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A02.633.567.900'], ['D03.633.300.046.250.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preoperative luteinizing hormone levels predict the ovulatory response to laparoscopic ovarian drilling in patients with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome.
|
OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) is a treatment option for women with clomiphene citrate (CC)-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but appropriate indications for this procedure are lacking. The aim of this study was to analyze preoperative factors affecting the efficacy of LOD in producing ovulation in CC-resistant PCOS patients.DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 40 infertile Japanese women with CC-resistant PCOS who received LOD using argon-beam electrocoagulation. These patients satisfied the diagnostic criteria of the revised European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology/American Society for Reproductive Medicine PCOS consensus.RESULTS: After LOD, ovulation occurred in 33 (83%) patients; pregnancy occurred in 22 patients (55%). Preoperative serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were significantly higher in women who ovulated after LOD than in those who did not ovulate. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for ovulation using preoperative LH levels was 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.67-0.96). After LOD, follicle-stimulating hormone levels increased significantly in the non-ovulating group but were unchanged in the ovulating group.CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative serum LH levels may be a good predictor of LOD efficacy in patients with PCOS. Therefore, eligibility criteria for LOD should be strictly applied, since LOD for patients with inadequate LH levels is not only ineffective, but also may impair ovarian reserve.
|
['Adult', 'Clomiphene', 'Cohort Studies', 'Drug Resistance', 'Electrocoagulation', 'Female', 'Fertility Agents, Female', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Ovary', 'Ovulation', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Preoperative Care', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,390,777
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.125'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['E02.154.402', 'E04.014.170.402'], ['D27.505.696.875.552.344', 'D27.505.954.705.552.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G08.686.784.690'], ['C04.182.612.765', 'C13.351.500.056.630.580.765', 'C19.391.630.580.765'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Accidental childhood deaths. The Metropolitan Dade County experience, 1978-1982.
|
Accidental deaths in childhood were studied between 1978 and 1982 in Metropolitan Dade County. Cases were collected from both traffic and nontraffic accidental fatalities in which the victim was less than 12 years of age. Cases were then subdivided into traffic and nontraffic groups. Each group was then analyzed as to age, race, sex, cause of death, and scene circumstances. A total of 294 cases was studied.
|
['Accidents', 'Accidents, Traffic', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Florida', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Mortality']
| 3,740,004
|
[['N06.850.135'], ['N06.850.135.392'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.107.567.875.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Unemployment and suicide during and after a deep recession: a longitudinal study of 3.4 million Swedish men and women.
|
OBJECTIVES: We tested 2 hypotheses found in studies of the relationship between suicide and unemployment: causal (stress and adversity) and selective interpretation (previous poor health).METHODS: We estimated Cox models for adults (n = 3,424,550) born between 1931 and 1965. We examined mortality during the recession (1993-1996), postrecession (1997-2002), and a combined follow-up. Models controlled for previous medical problems, and social, family, and employer characteristics.RESULTS: During the recession there was no excess hazard of mortality from suicide or events of undetermined intent. Postrecession, there was an excess hazard of suicide mortality for unemployed men but not unemployed women. However, for unemployed women with no health-problem history there was a modest hazard of suicide. Finally, there was elevated mortality from events of undetermined intent for unemployed men and women postrecession.CONCLUSIONS: A small part of the relationship may be related to health selection, more so during the recession. However, postrecessionary period findings suggest that much of the association could be causal. A narrow focus on suicide mortality may understate the mortality effects of unemployment in Sweden.
|
['Adult', 'Economic Recession', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Registries', 'Suicide', 'Sweden', 'Unemployment']
| 23,597,379
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.261.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['N01.824.245.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Family nutrition program assistants' perception of farmers' markets, alternative agricultural practices, and diet quality.
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore Family Nutrition Program assistants' perception of farmers' markets and alternative agricultural practices for themselves and their clients.METHODS: Cross-section design, survey of Virginia Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (NEP) and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education Family Nutrition Program assistants (n = 52) working with limited-resource populations.RESULTS: Twenty-one percent to 55% of FNP assistants valued alternative agricultural practices, and only 5% to 8% of FNP assistants perceived that their clients did so. Benefits to shopping at farmers' markets included supporting local economies, and food price, quality, and safety. Barriers included lack of transportation, location/convenience, hours, and food prices. Assistants rated the benefits to shopping at farmers' markets similarly for themselves and their clients, but rated many of the barriers to shopping at farmers' markets as significantly lower (P < .05) for themselves than for their clients.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Future assistant trainings should address the connection between agriculture and health, and how to overcome barriers to shopping at farmers' markets for their clients.
|
['Agriculture', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Commerce', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diet', 'Family', 'Female', 'Food Assistance', 'Food Supply', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Poverty', 'Virginia']
| 24,751,655
|
[['J01.040'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['J01.219'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['I01.880.787.839.500', 'N03.219.521.346.506.281'], ['J01.576.423.750'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.837', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.870']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Study of infant milk formulas present on the Spanish market and its adaptation to the recommendations of the European Society of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Nutrition].
|
The aim of this study was to investigate energy as well as the protein and mineral composition of milk formulas available on the Spanish market. We studied 20 milk formulas, 14 of which were adapted milk formulas intended for feeding newborns during the first 4-6 months of life and the other 6 ones were follow-up milk formulas. Determinations of energy, total protein, osmolality, sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus and calcium were performed by adiabatic calorimetry, cryoscopy, flame photometry, photocolorimetry and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry respectively. Experimental energy in all formulas was higher than that determined by nutrient contents and conversion factors. Three of the adapted formulas presented higher values of protein than those recommended by ESPGAN and some of them also high levels for sodium total electrolytes. However, the estimated renal solute load for each of the formulas was lower than the minimum renal concentration ability. All formulas, except one, showed normal values for calcium and the contents of phosphorus, were within normalcy. All the follow-up formulas agreed with the ESPGAN recommendations related with protein and mineral composition.
|
['Energy Intake', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant Food', 'Minerals', 'Proteins', 'Spain']
| 3,826,944
|
[['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G07.203.300.525.500', 'J02.500.525.500'], ['D01.578'], ['D12.776'], ['Z01.542.846']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
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