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Analysis of ion channel expression by astrocytes in red nucleus brain stem slices of the rat.
|
The red nucleus (RN) has been widely used to study the formation and remodeling of synaptic connections during development and in post-lesion plasticity. Since glial cells are thought to contribute to synaptic plasticity, and information on functional properties of brain stem glia is missing, we analyzed voltage-gated ion channels as well as glutamate receptors expressed by glial cells of the RN. The patch-clamp technique was applied to identified cells in acute brain stem slices of 5- to 12-days-old rats. Based on their pattern of membrane currents, two types of glial cells could be distinguished. A first type was characterized by passive, symmetrical currents. The second population of cells, which was the focus of the present study, expressed a complex pattern of voltage-gated channels. These cells could be labeled with antibodies against glutamine synthetase and S100 beta, suggesting an astroglial origin. Depolarizing voltage steps activated transient and delayed rectifier K+ currents as well as Na+ currents. In addition, a subset of cells expressed Ba2+ sensitive inward rectifier K+ currents activated by hyperpolarization. All "complex" glial cells analyzed possessed ionotropic glutamate receptors of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) subtype, while functional kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors could not be detected. Receptor activation blocked outward rectifying K+ currents, similar to previous observations in glial cells of the hippocampus and the corpus callosum.
|
['Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Brain Stem', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Female', 'Ion Channel Gating', 'Ion Channels', 'Neuroglia', 'Potassium', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Glutamate', 'Red Nucleus', 'Sodium', 'alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid']
| 9,063,730
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['G02.111.820.400', 'G04.835.400', 'G07.265.625'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.200.450'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.875.642'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D03.383.129.385.025']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regulation of animal experimentation: United States of America.
|
Two national mechanisms regulate the humane treatment of the 20-40 million laboratory animals that are used annually for experimental purposes in the United States each year. They are: the Public Health Service policy (commonly called the National Institutes of Health (NIH) policy) of 1985, and the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 as amended, a federal law. National policies are constantly being strengthened. Until 1984, national policies covered mainly animal husbandry practices. But the 1985 revised NIH policy directly involves the laboratory for the first time by requiring protocol review for humane concerns. Protocol review of proposed experiments is to be conducted by Animal Care and Use Committees--the institutional oversight committees. It is with effective protocol review that the Refinement, Reduction, and Replacement (of Russell and Burch's three Rs) to reduce ethical costs of experiments can be made an everyday reality. With this new authority for Animal Care and Use Committees, and a mandate for broader representation in membership, the revised NIH policy should bring improvements. Proposals are currently being considered by the U.S. Congress to strengthen the Animal Welfare Act. This law is in need of revision since about 90% of the laboratory animals are currently excluded from its coverage. The Scientists Center for Animal Welfare has been active in identifying ways in which national policies can be strengthened. In particular, focus has been made on meaningful protocol review by institutional oversight committees. Some recommendations for effective oversight committees based on recent workshops conducted by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare are described.
|
['Animal Testing Alternatives', 'Animal Welfare', 'Animals', 'Legislation, Veterinary', 'National Institutes of Health (U.S.)', 'United States']
| 3,469,871
|
[['E05.017.080.100'], ['I01.880.604.100'], ['B01.050'], ['N03.706.615.686'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.496', 'N03.540.052.750', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.496'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Microbial Disruption Indices to Detect Colonization With Multidrug-Resistant Organisms.
|
OBJECTIVE To characterize the microbial disruption indices of hospitalized patients to predict colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). DESIGN A cross-sectional survey of the fecal microbiome was conducted in a tertiary referral, acute-care hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS The study population consisted of adult patients hospitalized in general medical/surgical wards. METHODS Rectal swabs were obtained from patients within 48 hours of hospital admission and screened for MDRO colonization using conventional culture techniques. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to assess the fecal microbiome. Microbial diversity and composition, as well as the functional potential of the microbial communities present in fecal samples, were compared between patients with and without MDRO colonization. RESULTS A total of 44 patients were included in the study, of whom 11 (25%) were colonized with at least 1 MDRO. Reduced microbial diversity and high abundance of metabolic pathways associated with multidrug-resistance mechanisms characterized the fecal microbiome of patients colonized with MDRO at hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that microbial disruption indices may be key to predicting MDRO colonization and could provide novel infection control approaches. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1312-1318.
|
['Aged', 'Cross Infection', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microbiota', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Tertiary Care Centers']
| 28,899,445
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G06.591', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['N02.278.421.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The bovine alpha-lactalbumin promoter directs expression of ovine trophoblast interferon in the mammary gland of transgenic mice.
|
A hybrid construct derived from ovine trophoblastin cDNA and bovine alpha-lactalbumin-encoding gene, was injected into the pronuclei of mouse eggs. In one of the resulting transgenic mouse lines, expression of the hybrid construct was detected and found to be limited to the mammary gland of lactating females which secreted active ovine trophoblastin. This strongly suggests that important cis-acting DNA sequences involved in tissue-specific expression of the bovine gene are located within the second half of the 3' untranslated region, or/and the proximal 5' and 3' regions flanking the transcriptional unit.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Southern', 'Cattle', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Interferon Type I', 'Lactalbumin', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Sheep', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Trophoblasts']
| 2,060,621
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890', 'D23.529.374.440.890'], ['D12.776.034.398', 'D12.776.256.159.750.816.250'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['A11.382.992', 'A16.254.500.766', 'A16.710.802']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ecdysteroids as regulators of host and parasite interactions: a study of interrelationships between Schistosoma mansoni and the host snail, Biomphalaria glabrata.
|
Ecdysteroids have been detected in trematode parasites and in several species of gastropod snails. The potential role of these and other hormones as regulators of host/parasite interactions is discussed. This study considers the role of ecdysteroids in the host parasite interactions between Schistosoma mansoni and Biomphalaria glabrata interactions. beta-Ecdysterone was found to be effective in stimulating host location activities in S. mansoni miracidia and in enhancing growth and egg production in B. glabrata. However, plant extracts rich in phytoecdysteroids were not attractive to miracidia and did not affect growth and egg production in snails. The potential role of ecysteroids in the process of parasitism and snail physiological processes is discussed. Plants rich in phytoecdysteroids do not appear to be of value in process which may interfere with the host parasite interactions in schistosomes.
|
['Animals', 'Biomphalaria', 'Chemotaxis', 'Ecdysteroids', 'Ecdysterone', 'Female', 'Herb-Drug Interactions', 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'Invertebrate Hormones', 'Oviposition', 'Plant Extracts', 'Schistosoma mansoni']
| 2,052,849
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.644.400.750.185'], ['F01.145.113.780.500', 'F01.145.875.439.500.500', 'G04.198.424', 'G07.568.500.590.500', 'G11.427.410.568.850.500'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.265.165', 'D04.210.500.247.808.756.143', 'D06.472.445.573.271', 'D10.570.938.795.143', 'D23.704.500.143'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.265.165.750', 'D06.472.445.573.271.750'], ['G07.690.773.968.755'], ['G16.527.200.400'], ['D06.472.445'], ['G08.686.784.480'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715.770.680.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Carbon nanotube signal amplification for ultrasensitive fluorescence polarization detection of DNA methyltransferase activity and inhibition.
|
A versatile sensing platform based on multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) signal amplification and fluorescence polarization (FP) is developed for the simple and ultrasensitive monitoring of DNA methyltransferase (MTase) activity and inhibition in homogeneous solution. This method uses a dye-labeled DNA probe that possess a doubled-stranded DNA (dsDNA) part for Mtase and its corresponding restriction endonuclease recognition, and a single-stranded DNA part for binding MWCNTs. In the absence of MTase, the dye-labeled DNA is cleaved by restriction endonuclease, and releases very short DNA carrying the dye that cannot bind to MWCNTs, which has relatively small FP value. However, in the presence of MTase, the specific recognition sequence in the dye-labeled DNA probe is methylated and not cleaved by restriction endonuclease. Thus, the dye-labeled methylated DNA product is adsorbed onto MWCNTs via strong ð-ð stacking interactions, which leads to a significant increase in the FP value due to the enlargement of the molecular volume of the dye-labeled methylated DNA/MWCNTs complex. This provides the basic of a quantitative measurement of MTase activity. By using the MWCNT signal amplification approach, the detection sensitivity can be significantly improved by two orders of magnitude over the previously reported methods. Moreover, this method also has high specificity and a wide dynamic range of over five orders of magnitude. Additionally, the suitability of this sensing platform for MTase inhibitor screening has also been demonstrated. This approach may serve as a general detection platform for sensitive assay of a variety of DNA MTases and screening potential drugs.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'DNA Methylation', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Enzyme Assays', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Fluorescence Polarization', 'Humans', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific)']
| 24,287,418
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['E05.196.427'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.350.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Geochemistry and quality of groundwater of the Yarmouk basin aquifer, north Jordan.
|
Quality of groundwater in the Yarmouk basin, Jordan has been assessed through the study of hydrogeochemical characteristics and the water chemistry as it is considered the main source for drinking and agriculture activities in the region. The results of the relationship between Ca2+ + Mg2+ versus HCO3- + CO32-, Ca2+ + Mg2+ versus total cations, Na+ + K+ versus total cations, Cl- + SO42- versus Na+ + K+, Na+ versus Cl-, Na+ versus HCO3- + CO32-, Na+ versus Ca2+, and Na+: Cl- versus EC describe the mineral dissolution mechanism through the strong relationship between water with rocks in alkaline conditions with the release of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, CO32-, SO42-, and F- ions in the groundwater for enrichment. Furthermore, evaporation processes, groundwater depletion, and ion exchange contribute to the increased concentration of Na+ and Cl- ions in groundwater. Anthropogenic sources are one of the main reasons for contamination of groundwater in the study area and for increasing the concentration of Mg2+, Na+, Cl-, SO42-, and NO3- ions. Results show the quality of groundwater in the study area is categorized as follows: HCO3- + CO32- > Cl- > SO42- > NO3- > F- and Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. In conclusion, the results of TDS, TH, and chemical composition showed that 26% of the groundwater samples were unsuitable for drinking. About 28% of groundwater samples in the study area have a high concentration of Mg2+, Na+, and NO3- above the acceptable limit. Also, based on high SAR, 10% of the groundwater samples were not suitable for irrigation purposes.
|
['Agricultural Irrigation', 'Anions', 'Cations', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Groundwater', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Jordan', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 29,299,860
|
[['J01.040.044'], ['D01.248.497.158'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G01.311.355'], ['G02.300'], ['Z01.252.245.500.400'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Cystic neoplasms of the exocrine pancreas.
|
Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are rare and their diagnosis and treatment can be difficult. This report details 7 patients who had histologically proven serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenoma and cystadeno carcinoma. Computed tomography and sonography allowed excellent preoperative assessment but to attempt a distinction between the histological variants may be hazardous. Two tumours were only autopsy findings and 5 patients underwent laparotomy. It is confirmed that potentially malignant mucinous cystadenomas and cytadenocarcinomas should be resected whenever possible; serous cystadenomas are always benign and should therefore be resected only when the diagnosis is doubtful or if they cause symptoms.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cystadenocarcinoma', 'Cystadenoma', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 2,278,913
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.480', 'C04.557.470.590.480'], ['C04.557.470.035.320', 'C04.557.470.590.485'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Perceptions of a tattooed college instructor.
|
128 undergraduates' perceptions of tattoos on a model described as a college instructor were assessed. They viewed one of four photographs of a tattooed or nontattooed female model. Students rated her on nine teaching-related characteristics. Analyses indicated that the presence of tattoos was associated with some positive changes in ratings: students' motivation, being imaginative about assignments, and how likely students were to recommend her as an instructor.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude', 'Character', 'Faculty', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Professional Competence', 'Social Desirability', 'Students', 'Tattooing', 'Teaching']
| 20,712,173
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100'], ['F01.752.190'], ['M01.526.702.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.399.630'], ['F01.145.813.628'], ['M01.848'], ['E02.218.085.840', 'E04.085.840'], ['I02.903']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An Early Report of the Use of a Modular Dual Mobility Articulation in Revision Acetabular Reconstruction.
|
BACKGROUND: Instability remains one of the main problems after revision hip surgery. The aim of this study was to review the clinical, radiological, and patient-reported outcomes with the use of modular dual-mobility articulation for revision acetabular reconstruction and investigate the risk of fretting corrosion by measuring serum trace metal ion levels.METHODS: Sixty consecutive patients with a minimum of 24-month follow-up after the insertion of a modular dual-mobility (Stryker, Mahwah, NJ) cup at the time of revision hip surgery were identified. Follow-up included clinical and radiological patient review and functional outcome measures, and a subset of patients had their metal ion (cobalt and chromium) levels checked.RESULTS: At the most recent follow-up, 5 patients had died, 3 patients have been revised because of ongoing instability, and 3 patients have had revision surgery due to infection. Overall functional outcome (mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Indexfunction 76, University of California, Los Angeles 5.6, mean Oxford 74.7, Short Form-12 physical 41.6/mental 53.3) and overall pain relief (mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain score 78.3) scores were good. The mean satisfaction score was 78 of 100. The median serum trace metal chromium and cobalt levels at the most recent follow-up were 0.4 µg/L (range 0.1-6.1 µg/L) and 0.42 µg/L (range 0.21-9.42 µg/L), respectively. The survival with revision as the end point was 90%.CONCLUSIONS: Dual-mobility cups with modularity represent an excellent option for the patient having revision hip surgery at high risk of instability. This series presents good patient-reported outcome measures and a low complication and revision rate.
|
['Acetabulum', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Chromium', 'Cobalt', 'Corrosion', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hip Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Ions', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Metals', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Reoperation', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,807,791
|
[['A02.835.232.043.825.108'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.110.110.110', 'E04.650.110.110', 'E04.680.101.110.110'], ['D01.268.556.175', 'D01.268.956.124', 'D01.552.544.175'], ['D01.268.556.185', 'D01.268.956.155', 'D01.552.544.185'], ['G02.165'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E07.695.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['D01.552'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 1
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Photodynamic activity of chlorin e6 and chlorin e6 ethylenediamide in vitro and in vivo.
|
Several parameters of chlorin e6 and its derivative chlorin e6 ethylenediamide have been investigated as these compound are potential sensitizers for photodynamic therapy. A study carried out to compare the cellular uptake of the pigments indicates that chlorin e6 ethylenediamide possesses an enhanced affinity for tumour cells and cellular membranes. Comparison of the uptake in induced sarcoma shows that chlorin e6 ethylenediamide is a much better tumour localizer than chlorin e6. The efficiency of phototherapy with chlorin e6 ethylenediamide is higher than that with chlorin e6. These data show the influence of the substitution of the carboxyl groups in chlorin e6 by ester and amide groups on the photosensitizing properties of the pigments.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor', 'Ethylenediamines', 'Kinetics', 'Light', 'Methylcholanthrene', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Porphyrins', 'Radiation-Sensitizing Agents', 'Sarcoma, Experimental', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 1,403,368
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['C04.557.470.200.200', 'C04.619.169'], ['D02.092.782.258.368'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.149.500', 'D04.615.149.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['E02.186.500', 'E02.319.685', 'E02.774.722'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['D27.505.954.600'], ['C04.557.450.795.830', 'C04.619.857', 'E05.598.500.496.968'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, total antioxidant capacity, and total oxidant status in central serous chorioretinopathy.
|
BACKGROUND: The objective of this work is to evaluate plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) levels in patients diagnosed with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) and control samples.METHODS: The TAC, TOS, and DHEA-S levels were assessed in the plasma of 46 CSCR patients and compared with 40 control samples.RESULTS: The TAC level was 1.16 ± 0.08 and 1.20 ± 0.09 mmol Trolox eq./l; TOS level was 28.77 ± 33.33 and 19.95 ± 10.42 ìmol H202/l; DHEA-S level was 203.79 ± 84.75 ìg/dl and 249.36 ± 122.93 ìg/dl in the CSCR group and in the control group, respectively. The plasma TAC and DHEA-S values were significantly lower in the CSCR group than in the control group (p = 0.027 and p = 0.046, respectively). There was no significant difference between the CSCR and the control groups in terms of age, gender, and TOS levels (p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that the levels of plasma DHEA-S and antioxidative parameters were reduced in CSCR. Our results suggest that the antioxidant defense system may be inadequate or corrupted in CSCR. Reduced DHEA-S level is one of the factors that trigger this insufficiency.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Antioxidants', 'Central Serous Chorioretinopathy', 'Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Male', 'Oxidants']
| 23,749,383
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['C11.768.175'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.625.300', 'D04.210.500.578.502.400.300', 'D06.472.040.502.400.300', 'D06.472.334.851.968.952.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['D27.720.642', 'D27.888.569.540']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Successful treatment of Legionella pneumonia with moxifloxacin in a hemodialysis patient].
|
Moxifloxacin, a recent, new quinolone agent, has superior pharmacokinetics and appears to be safe for patients with renal failure, as it is mainly excreted in the bile. The case of a hemodialysis patient with Legionella pneumonia who was successfully treated with moxifloxacin is reported. A 76-year-old woman, who had been on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure secondary to diabetic nephropathy, visited her hospital with a cough and fever. Pneumonia was diagnosed, and intravenous administration of cefotiam hydrochloride was begun, but her respiratory condition deteriorated. She was transferred to our hospital with dyspnea. A chest radiograph showed consolidation in both lung fields and cardiomegaly. A urinary antigen test for Legionella was positive. Legionella pneumonia with heart failure was diagnosed and she was started on 400 mg a day moxifloxacin. Her clinical condition improved. Moxifloxacin appears to be useful in the treatment of Legionella pneumonia in patients with renal failure.
|
['Aged', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Aza Compounds', 'Female', 'Fluoroquinolones', 'Humans', "Legionnaires' Disease", 'Moxifloxacin', 'Pneumonia, Bacterial', 'Quinolines', 'Renal Dialysis']
| 19,637,806
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['D02.145'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.252.400.500.501', 'C01.748.382.380', 'C08.730.382.380'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.327'], ['C01.150.252.620', 'C01.748.610.540', 'C08.381.677.540', 'C08.730.610.540'], ['D03.633.100.810'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Rabies post-exposure vaccination in 2 visits within a week: A 4-site intradermal regimen.
|
Rabies is fatal in all unvaccinated patients bitten by dogs, and so post-exposure vaccine regimens must be robust enough to ensure their survival under all conditions. Treatment tends to be excessive for most people, but there is justified anxiety about reducing vaccine dosage and shortening regimens. Recently, World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended one week primary post-exposure intradermal regimens requiring 3 clinic visits, but these are unlikely to prove economical where rabies vaccination is most needed, in deprived rural areas of Africa and Asia. A highly immunogenic regimen involving two doses of intradermal vaccine given one week apart has advantages over other regimens. Anyone exposed to a possibly rabid animal would be given intradermal (ID) injections at 4 sites using a whole vial of vaccine. Those who had not been previously vaccinated would be given 2-site ID injections using half a vial one week later. Those who might be immunosuppressed could be given an optional single ID dose on day 28. The rationale for this regimen is discussed in the context of the recently revised WHO recommendations for rabies prophylaxis.
|
['Bites and Stings', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Humans', 'Immunization Schedule', 'Injections, Intradermal', 'Post-Exposure Prophylaxis', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Rabies', 'Rabies Vaccines', 'Rabies virus', 'Vaccination', 'World Health Organization']
| 30,691,982
|
[['C25.723.127', 'C26.176'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.470', 'E05.478.550.545'], ['E02.319.267.530.620.410'], ['N02.421.726.755'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['C01.925.782.580.830.750'], ['D20.215.894.899.700'], ['B04.820.480.937.750.500.700'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Syntagmatic and paradigmatic development of cochlear implanted children in comparison with normally hearing peers up to age 7.
|
OBJECTIVE: Grammatical development is shown to be delayed in CI children. However, the literature has focussed mainly on one aspect of grammatical development, either morphology or syntax, and on standard tests instead of spontaneous speech. The aim of the present study was to compare grammatical development in the spontaneous speech of Dutch-speaking children with cochlear implants and normally hearing peers. Both syntagmatic and paradigmatic development will be assessed and compared with each other.METHOD: Nine children with cochlear implants were followed yearly between ages 2 and 7. There was a cross-sectional control group of 10 normally hearing peers at each age. Syntactic development is measured by means of Mean Length of Utterance (MLU), morphological development by means of Mean Size of Paradigm (MSP). This last measure is relatively new in child language research.RESULTS: MLU and MSP of children with cochlear implants lag behind that of their normally hearing peers up to age 4 and up to age 6 respectively. By age 5, CI children catch up on MSP and by age 7 they caught up on MLU.CONCLUSION: Children with cochlear implants catch up with their normally hearing peers for both measures of syntax and morphology. However, it is shown that inflection is earlier age-appropriate than sentence length in CI children. Possible explanations for this difference in developmental pace are discussed.
|
['Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cochlear Implants', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Language Development', 'Male', 'Speech', 'Speech Production Measurement']
| 26,199,138
|
[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E07.305.250.319.381.500.500', 'E07.695.150', 'E07.695.202.381.500.500', 'E07.814.458.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['F01.525.200.310'], ['F01.145.209.908.677', 'G11.561.812', 'L01.559.423.676'], ['E01.370.760']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Dimeric structure of a human apolipoprotein B mRNA editing protein and cloning and chromosomal localization of its gene.
|
Apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA editing consists of a posttranscriptional C-->U conversion involving the first base of the codon CAA encoding glutamine-2153 to UAA, a stop codon, in apoB mRNA. Using a cloned rat cDNA as a probe, we cloned the cDNA and genomic sequences of the gene for a human apoB mRNA editing protein. Expression of the cDNA in HepG2 cells results in editing of the intracellular apoB mRNA. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, we localized the gene for the editing protein to chromosome band 12p13.1-p13.2. By Northern blot analysis, it was shown that the human editing protein mRNA is expressed exclusively in the small intestine. The cDNA sequence predicts a translation product of 236-aa residues. By attaching an epitope tag sequence to the C terminus of the editing protein, we examined the polymerization state of the editing protein synthesized in vitro. We found that the editing protein undergoes spontaneous polymerization. The migration of the human apoB mRNA editing protein on an HPLC column and the stoichiometry of polymeric epitope-tagged to untagged protein indicate that the protein exists as a dimer. Dimerization does not require glycosylation of a consensus N-linked glycosylation sequence present in the protein and is not mediated by disulfide bridge formation. The human apoB mRNA editing protein is a cytidine deaminase showing structural homology to some known mammalian and bacteriophage deoxycytidylate deaminases. The latter enzymes exist as homopolymers. The fact that the apoB mRNA editing protein also exists as a homodimer has important implications for the mechanism of apoB mRNA editing in humans.
|
['APOBEC-1 Deaminase', 'Base Sequence', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cytidine Deaminase', 'DNA Primers', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes', 'Humans', 'Intestine, Small', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 8,078,915
|
[['D08.811.277.151.486.250.500.500'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.183'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D08.811.277.151.486.250'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['D05'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The degradation of platelet-activating factor and related lipids: susceptibility to phospholipases C and D.
|
1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3) is an ether-linked lipid that exhibits selective cytotoxicity toward several types of tumor cells and is relatively inactive toward normal cells under the same conditions of treatment. The mechanis of this selective cytotoxicity is unknown. We conducted studies to determine whether this compound is metabolized by phospholipases C and D and, if so, whether sensitive and resistant cells differ in their ability to degrade ET-18-OCH3 by these enzymes. We have examined the metabolism of the L-isomer of ET-18-OCH3, 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (L-ET-18-OCH3), by lysophospholipase D of rat liver microsomes and by a phospholipase D from the marine bacterium Vibrio damsela. The metabolism of L-ET-18-OCH3 was also examined in cell culture using Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, human promyelocytic leukemia cells and human myelocytic leukemia cells. In these studies, L-ET-18-OCH3 and related 1-O-alkyl-linked phosphocholine analogs radiolabeled with 3H in the 1-O-alkyl chain were used. L-ET-18-OCH3 was not hydrolyzed by lysophospholipase D from rat liver microsomes under conditions where cleavage of 1-O-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was observed. However, phospholipase D from the marine bacterium V. damsela readily hydrolyzed L-ET-18-OCH3 to 1-O-[3H]octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, demonstrating that L-ET-18-OCH3 can be degraded by a phospholipase D. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lyso-PAF were also substrates for the bacterial phospholipase D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Humans', 'Phospholipase D', 'Phospholipases', 'Phospholipid Ethers', 'Platelet Activating Factor', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Type C Phospholipases']
| 3,444,369
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.710'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680', 'D08.811.277.352.640.700'], ['D02.033.800.875.875.750', 'D02.355.460.750', 'D10.570.755.375.760.400.985'], ['D02.033.100.291.211.500', 'D02.092.063.291.211.500', 'D02.092.877.883.333.710', 'D02.675.276.232.710', 'D10.570.755.375.760.400.985.910', 'D23.119.865', 'D23.469.050.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone resorption by targeting BET proteins and epigenetic regulation.
|
Emerging evidence suggests that RANKL-induced changes in chromatin state are important for osteoclastogenesis, but these epigenetic mechanisms are not well understood and have not been therapeutically targeted. In this study, we find that the small molecule I-BET151 that targets bromo and extra-terminal (BET) proteins that 'read' chromatin states by binding to acetylated histones strongly suppresses osteoclastogenesis. I-BET151 suppresses pathologic bone loss in TNF-induced inflammatory osteolysis, inflammatory arthritis and post-ovariectomy models. Transcriptome analysis identifies a MYC-NFAT axis important for osteoclastogenesis. Mechanistically, I-BET151 inhibits expression of the master osteoclast regulator NFATC1 by suppressing expression and recruitment of its newly identified upstream regulator MYC. MYC is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis macrophages and its induction by RANKL is important for osteoclastogenesis and TNF-induced bone resorption. These findings highlight the importance of an I-BET151-inhibited MYC-NFAT axis in osteoclastogenesis, and suggest targeting epigenetic chromatin regulators holds promise for treatment of inflammatory and oestrogen deficiency-mediated pathologic bone resorption.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Resorption', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Female', 'Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'NFATC Transcription Factors', 'Osteoclasts', 'Osteogenesis', 'Osteoporosis', 'Ovariectomy', 'RANK Ligand']
| 25,391,636
|
[['B01.050'], ['C05.116.264', 'G11.427.213.150'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['G05.308.203'], ['D03.633.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.776.930.608'], ['A11.329.372.700', 'A11.627.482.700'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.562', 'D12.776.467.374.750.562', 'D23.529.374.750.562']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Circulation, oxygen and acid-base balance in the extremities in response to stimulation of the sympathetic trunk].
|
The lumbar part of the dog right sympathetic trunk was stimulated with the 20 Hz current. This entailed a rise of general and regional arterial tension, a reduction of arterial lumen in the extremity, a decrease of volume blood flow and pulse blood content, a retardation of microcirculation, a decline of oxygen tension in tissues, a development of metabolic acidemia, a depression of oxidative process, an alteration of oxygen utilization in blood. Frequent recurrence of the stimulation brought about accumulation of the above changes.
|
['Acid-Base Equilibrium', 'Animals', 'Dogs', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electrochemistry', 'Hindlimb', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Muscles', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxygen', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Sympathetic Nervous System']
| 3,699,188
|
[['G02.111.007', 'G02.300.176', 'G03.030', 'G07.410.110', 'G09.188.050'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.723.402'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['A13.473'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['A08.800.050.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Plastid transcriptomics and translatomics of tomato fruit development and chloroplast-to-chromoplast differentiation: chromoplast gene expression largely serves the production of a single protein.
|
Plastid genes are expressed at high levels in photosynthetically active chloroplasts but are generally believed to be drastically downregulated in nongreen plastids. The genome-wide changes in the expression patterns of plastid genes during the development of nongreen plastid types as well as the contributions of transcriptional versus translational regulation are largely unknown. We report here a systematic transcriptomics and translatomics analysis of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plastid genome during fruit development and chloroplast-to-chromoplast conversion. At the level of RNA accumulation, most but not all plastid genes are strongly downregulated in fruits compared with leaves. By contrast, chloroplast-to-chromoplast differentiation during fruit ripening is surprisingly not accompanied by large changes in plastid RNA accumulation. However, most plastid genes are translationally downregulated during chromoplast development. Both transcriptional and translational downregulation are more pronounced for photosynthesis-related genes than for genes involved in gene expression, indicating that some low-level plastid gene expression must be sustained in chromoplasts. High-level expression during chromoplast development identifies accD, the only plastid-encoded gene involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, as the target gene for which gene expression activity in chromoplasts is maintained. In addition, we have determined the developmental patterns of plastid RNA polymerase activities, intron splicing, and RNA editing and report specific developmental changes in the splicing and editing patterns of plastid transcripts.
|
['Chloroplasts', 'Introns', 'Lycopersicon esculentum', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plastids', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA Editing', 'RNA Splicing', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 18,441,214
|
[['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700.140'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.322'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['D12.776.765'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['G02.111.760.250', 'G03.839.250', 'G05.308.700.250'], ['G02.111.760.700', 'G03.839.700', 'G05.308.700.700'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical under staging of high risk nonmuscle invasive urothelial carcinoma treated with radical cystectomy.
|
PURPOSE: The role of radical cystectomy in patients with nonmuscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder remains controversial. The risk of overtreatment must be balanced against the potential benefit of aggressive therapy. We reviewed our results in these patients with a particular emphasis on clinical under staging.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 214 consecutive patients who underwent radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma between April 1995 and August 1999, focusing on those with nonmuscle invasive, stages T1 or less disease. We assessed clinical and pathological data as well as outcomes based on pathological disease extent.RESULTS: A total of 78 patients (36%) underwent radical cystectomy for clinical stages T1 or less disease. Indications included disease refractory to intravesical therapy in 29 cases (37%), pathological findings reflective of high grade stage T1 or multifocal disease in 26 (33%), radiographic suspicion of invasive disease in 15 (20%) and severe symptoms in 8 (10%). Cancer was clinically under staged with stages pT2 or greater disease in 31 patients (40%) according to final pathology results. Under staging was most pronounced in the 10 patients (67%) with suspicious radiography and in the 18 (64%) with absent muscle in the biopsy specimen. Of the 78 patients with pathological stages pT1 disease or less 98% had no evidence of disease compared to 65% with stages pT2 or greater disease (p <0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Despite the intent to perform early cystectomy a significant percent of patients harbored occult muscle invasive and/or metastatic disease. In clinical and pathological, superficial stages T1 or less cases disease-free survival was excellent. Due to these results, the selection of high risk superficial transitional cell carcinoma cases for continued bladder sparing treatment should include uninvolved muscle on biopsy and absent radiographic suspicion of invasion.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Transitional Cell', 'Cystectomy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 11,458,053
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.430'], ['E04.950.774.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Trends in premature avertable mortality from non-communicable diseases for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a population-based study.
|
BACKGROUND: The reduction by a third of premature non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality by 2030 is the ambitious target of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.4. However, the indicator is narrowly defined, including only four major NCDs (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases) and only for people aged 30-70 years. This study focuses on premature avertable mortality from NCDs-premature deaths caused by NCDs that could be prevented through effective public policies and health interventions or amenable to high-quality health care-to assess trends at global, regional, and national levels using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017.METHODS: We reviewed existing lists of NCD causes of death that are either preventable through public health policies and interventions or amenable to health care to create a list of avertable NCD causes of death, which was mapped to the GBD cause list. We estimated age-standardised years of life lost (YLL) per 100 000 population due to premature avertable mortality from NCDs, avertable NCD cause clusters, and non-avertable NCD causes by sex, location, and year and reported their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We examined trends in age-standardised YLL due to avertable and non-avertable NCDs, assessed the progress of premature avertable mortality from NCDs in achieving SDG 3.4, and explored specific avertable NCD cause clusters that could make a substantial contribution to overall trends in premature mortality.FINDINGS: Globally, premature avertable mortality from NCDs for both sexes combined declined -1·3% (95% UI -1·4 to -1·2) per year, from 12 855 years (11 809 to 14 051) in 1990 to 9008 years (8329 to 9756) in 2017. However, the absolute number of avertable NCD deaths increased 49·3% (95% UI 47·3 to 52·2) from 23·1 million (22·0-24·1) deaths in 1990 to 34·5 million (33·4 to 35·6) in 2017. Premature avertable mortality from NCDs reduced in every WHO region and in most countries and territories between 1990 and 2017. Despite these reductions, only the Western Pacific and European regions and 25 countries (most of which are high-income countries) are on track to achieve SDG target 3.4. Since 2017, there has been a global slowdown in the reduction of premature avertable mortality from NCDs. In 2017, high premature avertable mortality from NCDs was clustered in low-income and middle-income countries, mainly in the South-East Asia region, Eastern Mediterranean region, and African region. Most countries with large annual reductions in such mortality between 1990 and 2017 had achieved low levels of premature avertable mortality from NCDs by 2017. Some countries, the most populous examples being Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, Uzbekistan, Haiti, Mongolia, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Ukraine, Laos, and Egypt, reported both an upward trend and high levels of premature avertable mortality from NCDs. Cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and chronic respiratory diseases have been the main drivers of the global and regional reduction in premature avertable mortality from NCDs, whereas premature mortality from substance use disorders, chronic kidney disease and acute glomerulonephritis, and diabetes have been increasing.INTERPRETATION: Worldwide, there has been a substantial reduction in premature avertable mortality from NCDs, but progress has been uneven across populations. Countries vary substantially in current levels and trends and, hence, the extent to which they are on track to achieve SDG 3.4. By accounting for premature avertable mortality while avoiding arbitrary age cutoffs, premature avertable mortality from NCDs is a robust, comprehensive, and actionable indicator for quantifying and monitoring global and national progress towards NCD prevention and control.FUNDING: None.
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['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Global Health', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mortality, Premature', 'Noncommunicable Diseases', 'Sustainable Development', 'Young Adult']
| 32,199,120
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.550', 'N01.224.935.698.700', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.550'], ['C23.550.291.898'], ['I01.655.500.608.700', 'N06.230.080.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Tube angulation effect on radiographic analysis of the implant-abutment interface.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum permissible x-ray tube angulation that can be used to verify the fit of an abutment. An implant and an abutment were assembled with an abutment screw. A variety of openings were created between the abutment and the implant. Radiographs were taken combining the different gaps with various x-ray tube angulations. The radiographs were randomly presented to 8 clinicians, who judged the interface as open or closed. The results indicate that a radiographic analysis of interface openings becomes subjective with tube angulations of more than 5 degrees.
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['Chi-Square Distribution', 'Dental Abutments', 'Dental Implants', 'Dental Impression Materials', 'Dental Prosthesis Design', 'Humans', 'Observer Variation', 'Polyvinyls', 'Radiography, Dental', 'Siloxanes', 'Surface Properties']
| 10,074,756
|
[['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E06.780.346.500', 'E07.695.190.175'], ['D25.339.312', 'E06.780.346.593', 'E07.695.185', 'J01.637.051.339.312'], ['D25.339.334', 'J01.637.051.339.334'], ['E06.780.346.625', 'E06.912.145'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.616', 'D02.455.326.271.884.533', 'D05.750.716.721', 'D25.720.716.721', 'J01.637.051.720.716.721'], ['E01.370.350.700.720', 'E06.342.764'], ['D01.837.800', 'D02.756.650', 'D05.750.900', 'D25.720.900', 'J01.637.051.720.900'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Determination of activity for nociceptin in the mouse vas deferens.
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The recently discovered neuropeptide nociceptin was found to inhibit electrically induced contractions of the mouse vas deferens. Nociceptin and its 14-Tyr analog were each partial agonists, but with high affinity (ED50 of 20 nM). This activity was not opioid in nature, as it was not inhibited by either selective or non-selective opiate antagonists.
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['Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electrophysiology', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Narcotic Antagonists', 'Opioid Peptides', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Opioid', 'Vas Deferens']
| 8,791,013
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G11.427.494'], ['D27.505.696.543', 'D27.505.696.663.850.512', 'D27.505.954.427.550'], ['D12.644.400.575', 'D12.776.631.650.575'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610'], ['A05.360.444.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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[Assessment of internal thoracic artery grafts using duplex scanning].
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In an effort to develop a noninvasive method to evaluate flow characteristics of the internal thoracic artery grafts (ITAG) after coronary artery bypass grafting, we performed duplex scanning of ITAGs of 51 patients who underwent bypass grafting. The ITAG was visualized with a duplex scanner of 7.5 MHz through the first or second left intercostal space. The visualization of the ITAG was adequate to make reliable measurements in 47 patients (92.2%). The diameter of the vessel, systolic peak velocity, and diastolic peak velocity were recorded, and systolic flow volume, diastolic flow volume, velocity ratio, flow volume ratio, and diastolic flow volume fraction were calculated. The velocity ratio, flow volume ratio, and diastolic flow volume fraction were markedly higher in the unstenotic subjects than in the stenotic subjects. In the group in which severe LAD stenosis were recognized preoperatively, both systolic and diastolic flow volumes were increased compared with moderately stenotic group. No differences in flow characteristics could be demonstrated between the subjects with old anterior myocardial infarction and without it. In 10 patients in whom flow pattern was abnormal or not identified, angiography revealed graft stenosis or predominant native coronary arterial flow. Duplex scanning is thought to be a reliable, sensitive, and noninvasive technique for the assessment of the ITAG.
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['Adult', 'Aged', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mammary Arteries', 'Middle Aged', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex', 'Vascular Patency']
| 10,402,783
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.015.114.891.525'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.850.850.850'], ['G09.330.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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The structures of katanosins A and B.
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1H and 13C NMR studies on katanosin A confirmed the presence of eight usual amino acid residues which were previously deduced by amino acid analysis and suggested the presence of beta-hydroxyaspartic acid, beta-hydroxyleucine and beta-phenylserine residues. These amino acids were isolated and confirmed, including their stereochemistries, by comparison with the respective authentic specimens. Stereochemistries of the usual amino acids were determined by comparing the L-leucylated amino acids with reference compounds by HPLC. Lithium borohydride reduction and chromic acid oxidation of katanosin A and alkali-treated katanosin A elucidated a lactone linkage between the C-terminal Ser and phenylserine residues. Edman degradation on alkali-treated katanosin A clarified the total amino acid sequence. The difference in katanosins A and B was determined to be replacement of Val in A by Ile in B. Thus, the structures of katanosins A and B were elucidated.
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['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acids', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry', 'Depsipeptides', 'Peptides']
| 3,403,365
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.125'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G02'], ['H01.181'], ['D04.345.566.297', 'D12.644.641.297'], ['D12.644']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Behavioral rehabilitation of functional alexia.
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A 10-year-old boy with a functional reading deficit (i.e. functional alexia) was successfully treated with hospital based escape/avoidance procedures. A multiple baseline design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Generalization of treatment effects across individuals, settings and time was demonstrated. Extension of these procedures to other functional deficits is discussed.
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['Behavior Therapy', 'Child', 'Dyslexia, Acquired', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Somatoform Disorders']
| 3,611,386
|
[['F04.754.137'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.300.200', 'C10.597.606.150.550.200.500', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.300.200', 'C23.888.592.604.150.550.200.500', 'F03.615.700', 'F03.625.562.400.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F03.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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[Clinical effectiveness of carbenicillin in suppurative inflammatory processes of varying localization].
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The study on sensitivity of clinical strains of the causative agents of purulent infections to carbenicillin showed that 34.6% of the staphylococcal strains, 48.1% of the E. coli strains and 40.3% of the Proteus strains were sensitive to the antibiotic. The strains of Ps. aeruginosa were characterized by moderate sensitivity to carbenicillin. The MTC for most of the isolates ranged within 25-128 microgram/ml. High therapeutic efficacy of carbenicillin in treatment of cases with purulent inflammatory processes of various localization was shown. Positive results were obtained in 82.5% of the adults and 76.2% of the premature infants treated with carbenicillin. A satisfactory therapeutic effect was observed in the cases with sepsis, diffuse purulent peritonitis and abscessing pneumonia treated with carbenicillin in combination with gentamicin.
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['Adult', 'Ampicillin', 'Carbenicillin', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Gentamicins', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Infant, Premature, Diseases', 'Inflammation', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Suppuration']
| 380,455
|
[]
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[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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N-linked oligosaccharide chains of the insulin receptor beta subunit are essential for transmembrane signaling.
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Insulin receptor (IR) is a glycoprotein possessing N-linked oligosaccharide side chains on both alpha and beta subunits. The present study focuses for the first time on the potential contribution of N-linked oligosaccharides of the beta subunit in the processing, structure, and function of the insulin receptor. To investigate this point, a receptor mutant (IR beta N1234) was obtained by stable transfection into Chinese hamster ovary cells of an IR cDNA modified by site-directed mutagenesis on the four potential N-glycosylation sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) of the beta subunit. The mutated receptor presents an alpha subunit of 135 kDa, indistinguishable from the wild type alpha subunit, but the beta subunit has a reduced molecular mass (80 kDa instead of 95 kDa) most likely due to the absence of N-glycosylation. Metabolic labeling experiments indicate a normal processing and maturation of this mutated receptor which is normally expressed at the surface of the cells as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. The affinity of the mutant for insulin (Kd = 0.12 nM) is similar to that of the wild type receptor (Kd = 0.12 nM). However, a major defect of the mutated IR tyrosine kinase was assessed both in vitro and in vivo by (i) the absence of insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the poly(Glu-Tyr) substrate in vitro; (ii) the reduction of the insulin maximal stimulation of the mutated IR autophosphorylation in vitro (2-fold stimulation for the mutant receptor as compared to a 7-fold stimulation for the wild type); and (iii) a more complex alteration of the mutated receptor tyrosine autophosphorylation in vivo (3-fold increase of the basal phosphorylation and a 4-fold simulation of this phosphorylation as compared to the wild type receptor, the phosphorylation of which is stimulated 14-fold by insulin). The physiological consequences of this defect were tested on three classical insulin cellular actions; in Chinese hamster ovary IR beta N1234, glucose transport, glycogen synthesis, and DNA synthesis were all unable to be stimulated by insulin indicating the absence of insulin transduction through this mutated receptor. These data provide the first direct evidence for a critical role of oligosaccharide side chains of the beta subunit in the molecular events responsible for the IR enzymatic activation and signal transduction.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Base Sequence', 'CHO Cells', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cricetinae', 'Cysteine', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Glycosylation', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Kinetics', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Methionine', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Oligosaccharides', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Receptor, Insulin', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sulfur Radioisotopes', 'Transfection']
| 1,324,936
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['A11.284.149'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D05'], ['D02.886.030.676', 'D12.125.142.557', 'D12.125.154.549', 'D12.125.166.676'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['D09.698.629'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D01.268.185.900.500.690', 'D01.496.749.858', 'D01.496.868.690'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Diagnostic accuracy of CSF neurofilament light chain protein in the biomarker-guided classification system for Alzheimer's disease.
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We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light chain (NFL) protein in the classification of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitively healthy control individuals (HCs) and patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) as comparisons. Particularly, we tested the performance of CSF NFL concentration in differentiating patient groups stratified by fluid biomarker profiles, independently of the severity of cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD dementia individuals), using a biomarker-guided descriptive classification system for AD. CSF NFL concentrations were examined in a multicenter cross-sectional study of 108 participants stratified in AD pathophysiology-negative (both CSF tau and the 42-amino acid-long amyloid-beta (Aâ) peptide (Aâ1-42)) (n = 15), tau pathology-positive only (n = 15), Aâ pathology-positive only (n = 13), AD pathophysiology-positive (n = 33), FTD (n = 9) patients, and HCs (n = 23), according to the biomarker-based classification system. The performance of CSF NFL in discriminating AD pathophysiology-positive patients from HCs is fair, whereas the ability in differentiating tau-positive patients from HCs is poor. The classificatory performance in distinguishing AD pathophysiology-positive patients from FTD is unsatisfactory.
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['Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Biomarkers', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurofilament Proteins', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Pilot Projects', 'Retrospective Studies', 'tau Proteins']
| 28,527,630
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D05.750.078.593.630', 'D12.776.220.475.630', 'D12.776.631.630'], ['D12.644.541'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Characterization of de novo microdeletions involving 17q11.2q12 identified through chromosomal comparative genomic hybridization.
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High-resolution array-comparative genome hybridization (CGH) is a powerful tool for detection of submicroscopic chromosome deletions and duplications. We describe two patients with mild mental retardation (MR) and de novo microdeletions of 17q11.2q12. Although the deletions did not involve the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene, they overlap with long-range deletions of the NF1 region which have been encountered in a small group of NF1 patients with more severe MR. Given the overlap of the deletions in our two patients with the large-sized NF1 microdeletions but not with the more frequent and smaller NF1 deletions, we hypothesize that more than one gene in the 17q11.2q12 region may be involved in MR. We discuss candidate genes for MR within this interval that was precisely defined through array-CGH analysis.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chromosome Deletion', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17', 'Cytogenetic Analysis', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization']
| 17,916,097
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.550.210.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.029.530.175', 'G05.365.590.175.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.762.180', 'G05.558.800.180', 'G05.700.131.500.500'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.425', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.425'], ['E01.370.225.500.385', 'E05.200.500.385', 'E05.242.385', 'E05.393.285'], ['F03.625.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Epidermal growth factor receptor blockade mediates smooth muscle cell apoptosis and improves survival in rats with pulmonary hypertension.
|
BACKGROUND: We previously reported that administration of elastase inhibitors reverses fatal pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rats by inducing smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis. We showed in pulmonary artery (PA) organ culture that the mechanism by which elastase inhibitors induce SMC apoptosis involves repression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and subsequent signaling through alphavbeta3-integrins and epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs). This suggests that blockade of these downstream effectors may also induce regression of PAH.METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we first showed in PA organ culture that MMP inhibition or alphavbeta3-integrin blockade with agents in clinical and preclinical use (SC-080 and cilengitide, respectively) mediates SMC apoptosis and regression of medial hypertrophy. We also documented similar results with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. We then induced PAH in rats by injection of monocrotaline and, at day 21, began a 2-week treatment with SC-080, cilengitide, or the EGFR inhibitor PKI166. No vehicle- or cilengitide-treated animal survived beyond 2 weeks. Administration of SC-080 resulted in 44% survival at 2 weeks, and PKI166 therapy resulted in 78% and 54% survival in daily or 3-times-weekly treated animals, respectively. Four weeks after cessation of PKI166, we documented survivals of 50% and 23% in the 2 treatment groups, associated with reductions in pulmonary pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and abnormally muscularized distal arteries.CONCLUSIONS: We propose that selective blockade of EGFR signaling may be a novel strategy to reverse progressive, fatal PAH.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Integrin alphaVbeta3', 'Male', 'Metalloproteases', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'Quinazolines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Tyrphostins']
| 16,027,270
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['C08.381.423', 'C14.907.489.556'], ['D12.776.395.550.625.439', 'D12.776.543.550.625.439', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.460.870.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.541'], ['D08.811.277.656.675'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['A11.620.520'], ['E05.481.500.484'], ['D27.505.519.389.745'], ['D03.633.100.786'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.795', 'D02.626.886', 'D03.633.100.857.885']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular bases of cytoskeleton plasticity during the Trypanosoma brucei parasite cycle.
|
African trypanosomes are flagellated protozoan parasites responsible for sleeping sickness and transmitted by tsetse flies. The accomplishment of their parasite cycle requires adaptation to highly diverse environments. These transitions take place in a strictly defined order and are accompanied by spectacular morphological modifications in cell size, shape and positioning of organelles. To understand the molecular bases of these processes, parasites isolated from different tissues of the tsetse fly were analysed by immunofluorescence with markers for specific cytoskeleton components and by a new immunofluorescence-based assay for evaluation of the cell volume. The data revealed striking differences between proliferative stages found in the midgut or in the salivary glands and the differentiating stage occurring in the proventriculus. Cell proliferation was characterized by a significant increase in cell volume, by a pronounced cell elongation marked by microtubule extension at the posterior end, and by the production of a new flagellum similar to the existing one. In contrast, the differentiating stage found in the proventriculus does not display any increase in cell volume neither in cell length, but is marked by a profound remodelling of the posterior part of the cytoskeleton and by changes in molecular composition and/or organization of the flagellum attachment zone.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Flagella', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Gastrointestinal Tract', 'Proventriculus', 'Salivary Glands', 'Trypanosoma brucei brucei', 'Tsetse Flies']
| 21,159,115
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['A11.284.180.290'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['A03.556'], ['A13.853.710'], ['A03.556.500.760', 'A10.336.779', 'A14.549.760'], ['B01.268.475.868.887.080'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.400.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ribavirin monotherapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a retrospective study of 95 patients.
|
Ribavirin is a purine nucleoside that inhibits the replication of a variety of RNA viruses and was shown to have a transient efficacy in chronic hepatitis C during short-term therapy. We have analysed retrospectively its efficacy in 95 patients with liver biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis C. Patients received oral ribavirin (600-1200 mg daily) for a mean duration of 11 months. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels returned to normal values in 38 patients (40%) and decreased by more than 50% in 20 other patients (21%). HCV RNA clearance from serum was observed in seven patients (8%). The biochemical response rate was higher in patients with chronic hepatitis (54%) than in those with cirrhosis (24%) (P = 0.003). Clearance of HCV RNA was observed in 10% of the patients with chronic hepatitis vs 4% of the patients with cirrhosis. In non-responders to interferon (IFN) therapy, ALT levels returned to normal values in 11 (26%) and HCV RNA became negative in one (2%), as compared to 48% and 3%, respectively, in those contraindicated for IFN. In 17 patients in whom paired liver biopsy specimens were available, the histology activity index (HAI) improved in 12. Therapy was generally well tolerated although 11 patients had to stop therapy because of side-effects, which were more common in cirrhotic patients. In conclusion, our results suggest that long-term administration of ribavirin is well tolerated and may be beneficial in controlling the progression of chronic hepatitis C. This may represent an alternative therapy in patients who have contraindications for interferon therapy or as a palliative approach in non-responders to IFN.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Female', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Ribavirin', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 9,658,373
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D13.570.800.790'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A) gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: The association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A) polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been investigated in several studies, but these studies yielded contradictory results. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between three polymorphisms (Gly482Ser, Thr394Thr and Thr612Met) in PPARGC1A and T2DM.METHODS: A literature-based search was conducted to collect data. The additive model was chosen to investigate the association between the three polymorphisms and T2DM. The random effects model was used if there was heterogeneity between studies. In addition, subgroup meta-analyses were made according to the ethnic groups.RESULTS: Twenty-three studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis (7539 cases and 9562 controls for Gly482Ser, 1818 cases and 2376 controls for Thr394Thr, 2042 cases and 1289 controls for Thr612Met). In the combined analysis of all eligible studies, a significant association was found between Gly482Ser, Thr394Thr and T2DM with pooled odds ratios 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.34] and 1.33 (95% CI 1.04-1.70), respectively, but great heterogeneity was found between studies. In the subgroup meta-analyses, we found that Gly482Ser and Thr394Thr polymorphisms were associated with the risk of T2DM, and the pooled odds ratios were 1.66 (95% CI 1.28-2.15) and 1.72 (95% CI 1.45-2.03), respectively, in the Indian population; no significant evidence was found in the Caucasian and East Asian populations.CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis indicated that Gly482Ser and Thr394Thr polymorphisms of PPARGC1A gene were significantly associated with the risk of T2DM, especially in the Indian population. No relationship was found between the Thr612Met and risk of T2DM.
|
['Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Humans', 'Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Risk Factors', 'Transcription Factors']
| 21,294,239
|
[['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360.024.314.650', 'D12.776.157.057.080.650', 'D12.776.157.725.813.875', 'D12.776.476.024.394.650', 'D12.776.660.675.650', 'D12.776.664.962.813.875', 'D12.776.930.617.650'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of fiber orientation on the polymerization shrinkage strain of fiber-reinforced composites.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize the linear polymerization shrinkage strain of glass fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) according to the fiber orientation.METHODS: Test specimens (n=5) (10.0 x 10.0 x 1.5mm) were prepared from different brands of photopolymerizable resin-preimpregnated FRC; unidirectional continuous FRC, experimental random-oriented FRC, and bidirectional continuous FRC. As control materials, particulate filler composite resin and unfilled dimethacrylate monomer resin were used. Two uniaxial strain gages (gage length 2mm) were used to measure shrinkage strains in two directions: longitudinally and transversally to the fiber direction. The uncured composite or resin was placed on top of the strain gages, covered with a separating sheet and a glass plate, and irradiated for 40s with a light-curing unit. The shrinkage strain was monitored for 300 s. ANOVA and Tukey's posthoc test were used at a significance level of 0.05.RESULTS: ANOVA revealed that orientation of fiber and brand of material had a significant effect (P<0.05) on shrinkage strain. The unidirectional FRC revealed no shrinkage longitudinally to the fiber direction, whereas the shrinkage occurred transversally to the fiber direction. Particulate filler composite resin and unfilled resin revealed equal shrinkage strain in both of the measured directions.SIGNIFICANCE: Anisotropic nature of FRC exists with regard to polymerization shrinkage strain. The variation of polymerization shrinkage strains of FRC compared to those of particulate filler composites and unfilled resin might be important for future clinical applications.
|
['Anisotropy', 'Composite Resins', 'Dental Stress Analysis', 'Glass', 'Hardness', 'Phase Transition']
| 16,239,026
|
[['G01.590.040', 'G02.050'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.308'], ['J01.637.437'], ['G01.374.647'], ['G01.645', 'G02.734']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Colonic conduit for esophageal replacement: long-term endoscopic and histopathologic changes in colonic mucosa.
|
BACKGROUND: Long-term follow-up has substantiated the colon as a durable and highly acceptable esophageal substitute. Exposure of colonic conduit to gastric acid may lead to histopathologic changes in the form of chronic inflammation.MATERIALS/METHODS: Thirty children with esophageal replacement were studied from 2 to 12 years (mean, 5.20 years) postoperatively. All cases underwent upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy to evaluate the gross appearance of colonic conduit mucosa, and punch biopsies were taken from upper and lower junctions of the conduit. All biopsies were submitted to histopathologic examination.RESULTS: Endoscopic findings were comparable with normal regarding the gross appearance of colonic mucosa in both upper and lower junctions (25 cases/83.3%). Some abnormalities were seen including cervical anastomosis stricture (2 cases/6.7%), redundancy (3 cases/10%), mucosal ulcer in the lower residual esophagus (1 case/3.3%), and hyperemia (3 cases/10%). Pathologic changes were minimal regarding the change in position of the colon to a thoracic organ during follow-up. Most of the cases were normal (22 cases/73.3%). Seven cases (23.4%) showed mild chronic nonspecific inflammation of the colonic mucosa, whereas only 1 case (3.3%) showed mildly active inflammation of colonic mucosa.CONCLUSION: The use of the colon for esophageal replacement showed that no significant pathologic changes affecting its function as a conduit because its mucosa showed no significant change in response to gastric acid reflux in long-term follow-up and can be further protected by an antireflux procedure.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Biopsy', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Colon', 'Esophageal Atresia', 'Esophagoscopy', 'Esophagus', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gastroesophageal Reflux', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Stomach', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,974,602
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E04.035'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['C06.198.330', 'C06.405.117.260', 'C16.131.314.330'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.275', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.260', 'E04.210.240.250.260', 'E04.502.250.250.250.260'], ['A03.556.875.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C06.405.117.119.500.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['C23.550.767'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical and pharmacogenetics associated with recovery time from general anesthesia.
|
AIM: Delayed recovery from general anesthesia is a well-known complication that requires predictive tools and approaches. This study aimed to determine significant factors associated with postanesthesia recovery and to develop an algorithm for estimating recovery time from general anesthesia.MATERIALS & METHODS: The genotypes of patients were determined by SNaPshot or ARMS-qPCR. The algorithm was developed via machine-learning and tested by the worm plot.RESULTS: Results showed that OPRM1 rs1799971 (p = 0.006) and ABCG2 rs2231142 (p = 0.041) were significantly associated with recovery time. Ten factors after random forest and stepwise selection were associated with recovery time. Ten factors after random forest and stepwise selection were associated with recovery time. Meanwhile, seven factors were associated with delayed recovery.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that both clinical and pharmacogenetic data are significantly associated with recovery from general anesthesia and provide the basis for pre-emptive prediction tools.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2', 'Algorithms', 'Anesthesia Recovery Period', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Pharmacogenetics', 'Prospective Studies', 'Receptors, Opioid, mu', 'Time Factors']
| 30,136,624
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.228.500', 'D12.776.395.550.020.457.500', 'D12.776.543.550.192.457.500', 'D12.776.543.585.100.228.500'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E03.160', 'E04.614.750.055', 'N02.421.585.753.750.055'], ['E03.155.197'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['H01.158.273.343.750', 'H01.158.703.052', 'H02.628.479'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620.550', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610.550', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610.550'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Biofilm activity and sludge characteristics affected by exogenous N-acyl homoserine lactones in biofilm reactors.
|
This study verified the effect of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) concentrations on mature biofilm systems. Three concentrations of an AHL mixture were used in the batch test. Introducing of 5nM AHLs significantly increased biofilm activity and increased sludge characteristics, which resulted in better pollutant removal performance, whereas exogenous 50nM and 500nM AHLs limited pollutant removal, especially COD and nitrogen removal. To further identify how exogenous signal molecular affects biofilm system nitrogen removal, analyzing of nitrifying bacteria through real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that these additional signal molecules affect nitrifying to total bacteria ratio. In addition, the running state of the system was stable during 15days of operation without an AHL dose, which suggests that the changes in the system due to AHL are irreversible.
|
['Acyl-Butyrolactones', 'Bacteria', 'Biofilms', 'Bioreactors', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Nitrification', 'Nitrogen', 'Quorum Sensing', 'Sewage', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'Waste Management']
| 27,030,953
|
[['D02.540.232'], ['B03'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G02.111.587.500', 'G02.607.560.500', 'G16.500.768.500'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G04.085.700', 'G06.550.700'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['E05.196.566.880'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Infectivity of cultured Trypanosoma fallisi (Kinetoplastida) to various anuran species and its evolutionary implications.
|
Trypanosoma fallisi, a hemoflagellate infecting Bufo americanus from Ontario, was grown in vitro, and metatrypanosomes from the primary culture were inoculated into 4 uninfected test groups from 3 anuran families: Bufonidae, Hylidae, and Ranidae. In vitro-cultured T. fallisi was found to infect B. americanus and to induce transient infections in Bufo valliceps and Hyla versicolor. The flagellate was not infective to Rana clamitans. Trypanosoma ranarum was uninfective to the bufonids and hylids tested. These data suggest that the potential for host-switching decreases with increased evolutionary distance of the potential anuran host.
|
['Animals', 'Anura', 'Biological Evolution', 'Bufonidae', 'Ranidae', 'Trypanosoma']
| 2,040,964
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.708'], ['B01.268.475.868.887']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Upregulation and function of GADD45gamma in unilateral ureteral obstruction.
|
We performed differential display analysis to determine transcriptional activity in the rat kidney, following unilateral ureteral obstruction and found a 12-fold increase in the expression of Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-45gamma (GADD45gamma), a stress-responsive molecule that interacts with cell-cycle proteins. GADD45gamma was strongly expressed in as little as 6 h following ureteric obstruction in the renal tubules, and was also found in kidney tissue of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Adenovirus-mediated expression of GADD45gamma in cultured renal tubular cells activated p38 along with a significant upregulation of C-C and C-X3-C chemokine ligands and fibrosis-related factors such as several matrix metalloproteinases, transforming growth factor-beta1, decorin, and bone morphogenetic protein 2. Silencing of GADD45gamma expression significantly blunted the upregulation of these inflammatory and fibrogenic mediators and monocyte infiltration in the ureteral obstructed rat kidney. Our study shows that GADD45gamma is quickly upregulated in the kidney with an obstructed ureter, enhancing the production of factors regulating the pathogenesis of kidney disease.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Kidney Tubules', 'Male', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Up-Regulation', 'Ureteral Obstruction']
| 18,354,378
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['A05.810.453.736.560'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200', 'D12.644.360.440', 'D12.776.476.440'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['C12.777.725.776', 'C13.351.968.725.776']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Advances in radiological anatomy of the kidney.
|
While using cortical nephrotomography to show the architecture and thickness of the cortical septa we have observed, in 76 out of 176 kidneys, the presence of 2 distinct parenchymal elements for which we suggest the term "renunculus". In such cases the upper renunculus is posterior relative to the lower. It lies rather obliquely, running downwards and laterally, while the lower renunculus lies more or less vertically and in front of the upper. The hilum of the upper renunculus as seen on CT is directed anteriorly relative to the corneal plane: the hilum of the lower renunculus is directly more medially. These anatomical observations make it easier to understand the topography and the pathogenesis of some lesions and help the surgeon to plan partial nephrectomy.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Cortex', 'Male', 'Tomography, X-Ray', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Tuberculosis, Renal']
| 7,104,566
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A05.810.453.324'], ['E01.370.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.944.847', 'C12.672.847', 'C12.777.419.912', 'C13.351.750.970', 'C13.351.968.419.912']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Age and individual variability in performance during sleep restriction.
|
The effect of sleep loss on reaction time (RT) performance varies as a function of age, with RTs of older subjects typically showing less decrement (relative to rested baseline) than those of younger subjects. In the current paper, we examined the nature of this relationship in a 7-day sleep restriction study. The number of repeated measures made it possible to model both intra-individual trajectories over days and individual differences in these trajectories. Results revealed (a) consistent individual differences in RT patterns over time after controlling for experimental design effects; (b) less cumulative RT decline among older individuals regardless of the degree of sleep restriction; and (c) consistent individual variability in performance patterns even after accounting for the effects of age.
|
['Adult', 'Aging', 'Attention', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Individuality', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Statistical', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Psychometrics', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Sleep Deprivation']
| 17,118,094
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G07.345.124'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.488'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F04.711.780'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['C10.886.425.175', 'C23.888.592.796.772', 'F02.830.855.671', 'F03.870.400.099']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Oral manifestations of lupus erythematosus - report of two cases.
|
BACKGROUND: Lupus erythematosus is a serious autoimmune disease, which can cause oral mucosal lesions, manifesting as white striae and erythematous, atrophic and hyperkeratotic areas, as well as erosions and ulcerations. Sometimes, these signs can be misdiagnosed as other oral diseases such as lichen planus. Also, on histopathological examination with haematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), the features of these diseases can overlap.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors report here two cases of oral lesions of lupus erythematosus, with a discussion of their clinical features and the process of differential diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to consider in the diagnostic process for lupus erythematosus the whole clinical information as well as haematological tests, histopathological features in HE and direct immunofluorescence, not only at first evaluation but also during patient follow-up.
|
['Adult', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lip Diseases', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Mouth Diseases', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Palate']
| 23,489,373
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240.300', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240.300', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240.300', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240.300', 'E05.478.583.375.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C07.465.409'], ['C17.300.475.479', 'C17.800.480.479'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['C07.465'], ['A10.615.550.599', 'A14.549.512'], ['A14.521.658', 'A14.549.617']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Results of pharmacoepidemiological study of arterial hypertension in Russia (PIFAGOR)].
|
AIM: To assess physicians preferences concerning the use of various groups of antihypertensive drugs in Russia.METHODS: Special questionnaires containing 8 questions related to preferential adherence to representatives of various groups of antihypertensive drugs were distributed among practicing physicians who routinely treated patients with hypertension.RESULTS: Of questionnaires returned between January and July of 2002 from 34 towns 530 were considered valid for analysis. Half of responses (50.4%) were from hospital physicians, 40.5% - from physicians of policlinics (outpatient clinics), 9.1% - from physicians working in other health care facilities. Most of respondents were internists (60.8%) and cardiologists (32.7%). Preferences concerning prescription of antihypertensive drugs were distributed in the following way: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors - 32% (50% captopril and enalapril); beta-adrenoblockers - 27% (77% atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol); diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide) - 22%; calcium antagonists - 15% (81% verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem, 64% - long acting preparations); angiotensin receptor blockers - 1.7%; centrally acting drugs - 1.5%; alpha-adrenoblockers - 0.8%.CONCLUSION: Tendencies in real life treatment of patients with hypertension in Russia should be considered positive. Basic antihypertensive therapy included agents (mostly long-acting) from 4 main classes and the use of outdated drugs such as clonidine and reserpine was low.
|
['Antihypertensive Agents', 'Drug Utilization', 'Epidemiologic Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Russia']
| 14,671,558
|
[['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['E05.318.372.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['Z01.252.122.500', 'Z01.542.248.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Structural abnormalities of the inferoseptal left ventricular wall detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in carriers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations.
|
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether structural left ventricular (LV) abnormalities can be observed in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) mutation carriers who have not yet developed echocardiographic signs of hypertrophy by using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is caused by mutations of genes encoding for sarcomeric proteins. Myocyte disarray and interstitial fibrosis precede the development of regional hypertrophy in HCM mutation carriers (carriers). No macroscopic LV structural abnormalities have been observed in carriers without LV hypertrophy.METHODS: A CMR, echocardiogram, and electrocardiogram (ECG) were performed in 16 carriers. Delayed contrast enhancement imaging was used with CMR to detect fibrosis. In 16 age- and gender-matched control subjects, CMR and ECG were performed and an echocardiogram was made when structural abnormalities were detected with CMR. All carriers had an LV wall thickness <13 mm in the year before the study, measured by echocardiography.RESULTS: In 13 carriers (81%), crypts were discerned with CMR in the basal and mid inferoseptal LV wall, not detected by routine echocardiography and not observed in healthy volunteers. In 4 of the crypt-positive carriers, both the echocardiogram and ECG were normal. Two HCM carriers revealed regional hypertrophy of the inferoseptum not detected by echocardiography, and in both carriers, focal fibrosis was present.CONCLUSIONS: In carriers who have not yet developed frank hypertrophy, crypts can be detected with CMR in the inferoseptal LV wall, even when echocardiography and ECG are normal. The crypts might represent one of the early pathological alterations of myocardium in carriers that ultimately progress into manifest HCM.
|
['Adult', 'Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic', 'Female', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation']
| 17,174,192
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.280.238.100', 'C14.280.484.048.750.070.160'], ['A07.541.560'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Combined endoscopic endonasal surgery and fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (fSRS) for complex cranial base tumors-early clinical outcomes.
|
Endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) has been shown to be a feasible approach to cranial base tumors while reducing post-operative morbidity. Using the endoscopic endonasal approach alone or in combination with open approaches may provide advantages over conventional approaches. However, the balance between maximal resection and minimal injury to neurovascular structures frequently precludes gross total resection (GTR). Consequently, adjuvant radiation therapy may be an important option to improve local control (LC) of residual disease. In this retrospective series, we report clinical outcomes, morbidity, and LC of 40 patients with cranial base tumors treated with EES +/- combined open approach followed by fSRS (CyberKnife, Accuray Inc.). 26 patients had benign disease, 7 had newly diagnosed malignant disease, and 7 had previously resected malignant disease. Surgical outcomes were evaluable in all patients. LC after fSRS was evaluable in 39 patients and defined as no evidence of regrowth by MRI, CT, & physical examination. GTR was achieved in 12/40. Median post-operative length of stay (LOS) was 3 days. In multivariable analysis controlling for anatomic location and malignant histology, post-operative complications (n = 10) were significantly associated with patients having combined open and EES (p < 0.01, OR = 16.9). SRS was delivered in 1-5 sessions to a median marginal dose of 24.9 Gy. Median follow-up was 24.7 months (range, 1.5 to 61 months). LC was achieved in 89.7% (35/39) of evaluable patients. LC was achieved in 11/12 patients who had GTR. Median progression-free survival was 19.7 months (21.0 months for benign tumors (n = 26), 5.8 months for previously resected malignant disease (n = 7), and 21.2 months for newly diagnosed malignant disease (n = 7). Of the 31 patients who had symptomatic disease at presentation, 18 (58%) reported complete symptom resolution, 9 partial, and 4 no improvement. One patient who received two prior courses of radiation therapy developed osteosclerosis (grade III). Other adverse events were erythema (grade I, n = 5), nausea (grade II, n = 2), conjunctivitis (grade II, n = 1). EES followed by fSRS is a safe and effective management strategy for selected cranial base tumors. EES combined with an open surgical approach may result in increased complications. However, initial follow-up offers encouraging results indicating shorter time to recovery, acceptable LC rates compared to conventional approaches, and similar median time to progression for benign and newly diagnosed malignant disease.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Morbidity', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radiosurgery', 'Skull Base Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 20,815,420
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525', 'N01.224.935.597', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E02.815.530', 'E04.525.800.650', 'E05.873.500'], ['C04.588.149.721.828', 'C05.116.231.754.829'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Impact of cochlear tonotopy on electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs).
|
BACKGROUND: A wide range of cochlear implant electrode designs exists. Lateral wall electrodes may be favored for their potential to preserve residual hearing by virtue of being thin and delicate; whereas perimodiolar electrodes may have advantages in case of profound hearing loss, due to electrode positioning in close proximity to the auditory nerve fibers.AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of these two array designs on the interaction between electrodes and the auditory nerve in different tonotopic regions of the cochlea.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of both adult and pediatric cochlear implant recipients (CI24RE/CI512 or CI422, Cochlear®) was undertaken. The differences of threshold Neural Response Telemetry (tNRT) acquired 12 months after surgery were analyzed with respect to the tonotopic location.RESULTS: The results of 168 implants showed that perimodiolar arrays had lowest thresholds in the basal region whereas straight arrays had lowest thresholds in the apex. Highest thresholds for both array types were encountered in the medial parts.CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: tNRTs differ depending on electrode type and location inside the cochlea. This should be considered pre implantation when choosing the electrode array type and post-implantation when mapping the CI program.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cochlear Implants', 'Cochlear Nerve', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 30,652,918
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E07.305.250.319.381.500.500', 'E07.695.150', 'E07.695.202.381.500.500', 'E07.814.458.150'], ['A08.800.800.120.910.120'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Basics of Compounding: Standardization of Compounded Medications.
|
The feasibility of standardizing concentrations of compounded drug preparations to attempt to minimize adverse events of both nonsterile and sterile compounded preparations has been discussed. It is critical that a wide variety of opinions and potential "unintended consequences" be aired in the public before an issue like this is recommended to become a standard. In this article, we combine the thoughts and recommendations of many practicing compounding pharmacists from both community and hospital practice sites that have contributed to this topic through the International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding's Compounders' Network List, a complimentary listserve for our subscribers to share information; ask questions; and provide answers, comments, and opinions. We discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and unintended consequences of standardized concentrations and provide input from numerous practitioners who are "on the front lines" daily.
|
['Drug Compounding', 'Pharmacists', 'Reference Standards']
| 30,668,534
|
[['E05.916.270'], ['M01.526.485.780', 'N02.360.780'], ['E05.978.808']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Angiotensin II-dependent proximal tubule sodium transport is mediated by cAMP modulation of phospholipase C.
|
Angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulates proximal tubule sodium transport by decreasing adenylyl cyclase activity. The role of ANG II-dependent phospholipase C is less certain. To determine the contribution of phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase to apical (AP) ANG II-dependent sodium transport, unidirectional (AP to basolateral) 22Na flux was measured in rat proximal tubule cells cultured on permeable supports. AP ANG II (100 nM)-dependent sodium flux was prevented by preincubation with concentrations of the phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122 (1 microM) that blocked ANG II-dependent inositol phosphate formation. AP ANG II-dependent sodium flux was also abolished by preincubation with the intracellular calcium mobilization inhibitor 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester (TMB-8), further suggesting that ANG II-dependent sodium transport was mediated by inositol phosphates. Neither U-73122 nor TMB-8 prevented ANG II-dependent adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) decreases. Incubation with dibutyryl cAMP (10 microM) or forskolin (10 microM) prevented ANG II-dependent sodium flux as well as ANG II-dependent inositol phosphate formation. In conclusion, ANG II-dependent proximal tubule sodium transport in cultured cells was transduced by phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase. The adenylyl cyclase effect on ANG II-dependent sodium transport was mediated by phospholipase C.
|
['Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Estrenes', 'Gallic Acid', 'Kidney Tubules, Proximal', 'Male', 'Pyrrolidinones', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sodium', 'Type C Phospholipases']
| 7,977,687
|
[['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D04.210.500.365.415'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.200', 'D02.241.511.390.200', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.200', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.200'], ['A05.810.453.736.560.570'], ['D03.383.773.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative cost analysis of hemilaryngectomy and irradiation for early glottic carcinoma.
|
The cost of hemilaryngectomy (15 patients) was compared to that of radiation treatment (18 patients) in epidermoid carcinoma confined to the true vocal cord with normal mobility (T1N0). An average of $3,495 was saved if radiation therapy was chosen; savings in terms of working hours were also substantial. We maintain that, if different treatment methods yield the same cure rate and quality of life, then cost should be the next strong consideration in choosing a particular treatment method.
|
['Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Humans', 'Laryngeal Neoplasms', 'Laryngectomy', 'Missouri', 'Radiotherapy']
| 6,841,194
|
[['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['N03.219.151'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.665.481', 'C08.360.369', 'C08.785.481', 'C09.400.369', 'C09.647.481'], ['E04.580.369'], ['Z01.107.567.875.510.515'], ['E02.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Protein synthesis by granulation tissue in bipedicle tube flaps.
|
The protein synthesis and the collagen synthesis by 2- to 7-week-old granulation tissue from implanted cylinders in bipedicle tube flaps on rabbits were measured in vitro by the incorporation of 14C-proline in proteins and in collagen hydroxyproline. Granulation tissue from cylinders implanted in skin folds were used as controls. In the skin flap group the protein synthesis was high at week 2, after which it decreased to week 5. In the controls the protein synthesis was the same as in the skin flap group at week 2. A decrease occurred between weeks 2 and 4 and a further decrease between weeks 6 and 7. At weeks 5 and 6 the protein synthesis was higher in the controls than in the skin flap group, but at week 7 it was the reverse. The collagen synthesis was high and equal in both groups at weeks 2 and 3 and then decreased to weeks 4 and 5. Between weeks 6 and 7 a further decrease was found in the controls, but not in the skin flap group.
|
['Animals', 'Collagen', 'Female', 'Foreign Bodies', 'Granulation Tissue', 'Male', 'Methods', 'Proline', 'Rabbits', 'Skin', 'Time Factors', 'Wound Healing']
| 1,162,291
|
[['B01.050'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['C26.392'], ['A10.165.450'], ['E05.581'], ['D12.125.072.401.623'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['A17.815'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative SEM studies of the enamel surface appearance following the use of glass ionomer cement and a diacrylate resin for bracket bonding.
|
The enamel surface appearance after the use of glass ionomer cement and a diacrylate resin for orthodontic bracket bonding was compared in an in vivo test using scanning electron microscopy and an enamel surface index system. Significant alterations in the enamel surface were found irrespective of the bonding procedure. The use of glass ionomer cement resulted however in a somewhat less affected enamel surface compared to the acrylate resin.
|
['Acid Etching, Dental', 'Acrylic Resins', 'Composite Resins', 'Dental Bonding', 'Dental Debonding', 'Dental Enamel', 'Glass Ionomer Cements', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Orthodontic Brackets', 'Replica Techniques', 'Resin Cements', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Tooth Abrasion']
| 8,236,031
|
[['E06.931.475.111'], ['D05.750.716.822.111', 'D25.720.716.822.111', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.095'], ['E06.178'], ['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['D25.339.291.402', 'J01.637.051.339.291.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['E06.658.453.255.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.620', 'E01.370.225.750.600.620', 'E05.200.500.620.620', 'E05.200.750.600.620'], ['D05.750.716.822.730', 'D25.339.291.750', 'D25.720.716.822.730', 'J01.637.051.339.291.750', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.730'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725'], ['C07.793.818.124']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Latent Class Analysis of Gambling Activities in a Sample of Young Swiss Men: Association with Gambling Problems, Substance Use Outcomes, Personality Traits and Coping Strategies.
|
The study aimed to identify different patterns of gambling activities (PGAs) and to investigate how PGAs differed in gambling problems, substance use outcomes, personality traits and coping strategies. A representative sample of 4989 young Swiss males completed a questionnaire assessing seven distinct gambling activities, gambling problems, substance use outcomes, personality traits and coping strategies. PGAs were identified using latent class analysis (LCA). Differences between PGAs in gambling and substance use outcomes, personality traits and coping strategies were tested. LCA identified six different PGAs. With regard to gambling and substance use outcomes, the three most problematic PGAs were extensive gamblers, followed by private gamblers, and electronic lottery and casino gamblers, respectively. By contrast, the three least detrimental PGAs were rare or non-gamblers, lottery only gamblers and casino gamblers. With regard to personality traits, compared with rare or non-gamblers, private and casino gamblers reported higher levels of sensation seeking. Electronic lottery and casino gamblers, private gamblers and extensive gamblers had higher levels of aggression-hostility. Extensive and casino gamblers reported higher levels of sociability, whereas casino gamblers reported lower levels of anxiety-neuroticism. Extensive gamblers used more maladaptive and less adaptive coping strategies than other groups. Results suggest that gambling is not a homogeneous activity since different types of gamblers exist according to the PGA they are engaged in. Extensive gamblers, electronic and casino gamblers and private gamblers may have the most problematic PGAs. Personality traits and coping skills may predispose individuals to PGAs associated with more or less negative outcomes.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Behavior, Addictive', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Gambling', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Personality', 'Risk Factors', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Sweden', 'Young Adult']
| 25,929,440
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.527.100.120'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['F01.145.722.408', 'F03.250.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Sudden monocular visual loss in pseudotumor cerebri.
|
We describe a patient with papilledema due to benign intracranial hypertension who had sudden, painless monocular visual loss. Fear of further visual deterioration prompted vigorous therapeutic efforts to reduce intracranial pressure. Subsequent neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation disclosed that the visual loss was due to a subretinal neovascular membrane. Vision continued to improve after medical therapy was discontinued, and was accompanied by complete resolution of papilledema and headache. In any patient with minimal papilledema, sudden visual deterioration should initiate a search for other causes rather than zealous therapeutic efforts to reduce intracranial pressure.
|
['Blindness', 'Fluorescein Angiography', 'Functional Laterality', 'Fundus Oculi', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Pressure', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Papilledema', 'Pseudotumor Cerebri', 'Remission, Spontaneous', 'Retinal Diseases', 'Retinal Hemorrhage']
| 454,249
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Karyofund of Chironomus plumosus (Diptera, Chronomidae) in the Palearctic region].
|
Quantitative and qualitative analyses of chromosomal polymorphism in 38 Palearctic populations of Chironomus plumosus were made. It was shown that most of the populations studied were highly polymorphic: in average 63.2 +/- 4.0% of larvae were heterozygous for inversions with 0.95 + 0.08 heterozygous inversion per larvae. Polymorphism on the size of centromeric heterochromatin and the presence of B-chromosomes were observed in many populations studied. The karyofund of Ch. plumosus in Palearctic was estimated. In total 35 banding sequences were found in Palearctic Ch. plumosus. Fifteen banding seguences have been described for the first time. On mapping the used banding sequences, we employed the conventions of Keyl (Keyl, 1962; Devai et al., 1989) and Maximova (Maximova, 1976; Shobanov, 1994a) for arms A, C, D, E and F, and the conventions of Maximova for arms B and G.
|
['Animals', 'Chironomidae', 'Chromosome Banding', 'Chromosomes', 'Karyotyping', 'Polymorphism, Genetic']
| 11,517,668
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.130', 'E01.370.225.500.620.670.130', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.130', 'E05.200.500.385.130', 'E05.200.500.620.670.130', 'E05.200.750.600.670.130', 'E05.242.385.130', 'E05.393.285.130'], ['A11.284.187', 'A11.284.430.106.279.345.190', 'G05.360.162'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['G05.365.795']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An investigation of the pathology and pathogens associated with porcine respiratory disease complex in Denmark.
|
Respiratory infections are among the most important diseases of growing pigs. In order to elucidate the multifactorial aetiology of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) in Denmark, lungs from 148 finishing pigs with cranioventral bronchopneumonia (case group) and 60 pigs without lung lesions (control group) were collected from abattoirs. The pathogens involved in PRDC and their interactions were identified and linked to the histopathological diagnosis. The lung samples were cultured for bacteria and tested by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for presence of swine influenza virus (type A), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (both European and US type), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine respiratory coronavirus, porcine cytomegalovirus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyorhinis. All cases had cranioventral lobular bronchopneumonia consistent with PRDC. There was a broad range of microscopical lesions and the cases were characterized as acute (n=10), subacute (n=24) or chronic (n=114) bronchopneumonia. Five bacterial species, five viruses and two Mycoplasma spp. were detected in different combinations. PCV2, M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis and Pasteurella multocida were detected most frequently among the PRDC affected swine and the diversity and number of pathogens were higher in these animals compared with controls. No clear-cut associations were detected between pathogens and histological lesions or histopathological diagnoses. PRDC occurs more frequently than enzootic pneumonia among Danish finishing pigs and has complex and varied histopathology.
|
['Abattoirs', 'Animals', 'Bronchopneumonia', 'Circovirus', 'Denmark', 'Lung', 'Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae', 'Mycoplasma hyorhinis', 'Pasteurella multocida', 'Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome', 'Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus', 'Swine', 'Swine Diseases']
| 20,181,357
|
[['J01.576.423.200.700.100', 'J03.540.020'], ['B01.050'], ['C01.748.610.127', 'C08.127.509', 'C08.381.677.127', 'C08.730.610.127'], ['B04.280.120.150'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['A04.411'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553.420'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553.425'], ['B03.440.450.600.600.500', 'B03.660.250.550.590.500'], ['C01.925.782.600.100.700', 'C22.905.700'], ['B04.820.578.500.080.500.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['C22.905']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
A case of adult-onset Satoyoshi syndrome with gastric ulceration and eosinophilic enteritis.
|
BACKGROUND: The patient was misdiagnosed as having Sj?gren's syndrome (on the basis of a lower-limb rash and dry eyes and mouth) in 1999, and then as having systemic lupus erythematosus (on the basis of hair loss and a high antinuclear antibody titer) in 2005. Total alopecia, muscular spasms and diarrhea developed over the following 2 years, and the patient experienced gastric ulceration in 2006. A rheumatologic opinion was sought in 2007.INVESTIGATIONS: Physical examination, CBC, glucose tolerance test, iron studies, HLA typing, immunological investigations and complete gastrointestinal investigations, including gastroscopy, colonoscopy and small bowel biopsy.DIAGNOSIS: Satoyoshi syndrome with autoimmune features (high levels of antinuclear antibody and antibodies to thyroid tissue) and malabsorption due to eosinophilic enteritis. This patient is only the fifth adult in the world reported to have Satoyoshi syndrome, and the first-reported adult case from South Africa.MANAGEMENT: The patient had only a transitory response to glucocorticoid treatment. Complete amelioration of symptoms resulted on two occasions when treated with intravenous immunoglobulin; however, the remissions only lasted for 6-8 weeks. More-intensive immunosuppression with azathioprine is currently being attempted.
|
['Enteritis', 'Eosinophilia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Spasm', 'Stomach Ulcer', 'Syndrome']
| 18,607,399
|
[['C06.405.205.462', 'C06.405.469.326'], ['C15.378.553.231'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.597.613.750', 'C23.888.592.608.750'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.849', 'C06.405.748.586.849'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Rumen microbial diversity in Svalbard reindeer, with particular emphasis on methanogenic archaea.
|
Ruminal methanogens, bacteria and ciliate protozoa of Svalbard reindeer grazing natural pastures in October (late fall) and April (late winter) were investigated using molecular-based approaches. The appetite of the Svalbard reindeer peaks in August (summer) and is at its lowest in March (winter). Microbial numbers, quantified by real-time PCR, did not change significantly between October and April, when food intakes are at similar levels, although the numbers of methanogens tended to be higher in October (P=0.074), and ciliate numbers tended to be higher in April (P=0.055). Similarly, no change was detected in the bacterial and protozoal population composition by rRNA gene-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. Dominant methanogens were identified using a 16S rRNA gene library (97 clones) prepared from pooled PCR products from reindeer on October pasture (n=5). Eleven of the 22 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) generated exhibited a high degree of sequence similarity to methanogens affiliated with Methanobacteriales (eight OTUs), Methanomicrobiales (one OTU) and Methanosarcinales (two OTUs). The remaining 11 OTUs (53% of the clones) were associated with a cluster of uncultivated ruminal archaea. This study has provided important insights into the rumen microbiome of a high-arctic herbivorous animal living under harsh nutritional conditions, and evidence suggesting that host type affects the population size of ruminal methanogens.
|
['Alveolata', 'Animals', 'Archaea', 'Bacteria', 'DNA, Archaeal', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'Female', 'Gene Library', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Reindeer', 'Rumen', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 19,702,875
|
[['B01.043'], ['B01.050'], ['B02'], ['B03'], ['D13.444.308.180'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['G05.360.325'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.373.644'], ['A13.869.804'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A P300-based Brain Computer Interface Using Stereo-electroencephalography Signals.
|
Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) signals can be obtained by implanting deep intracranial electrodes, which are currently used for epileptic diagnosis. In this study, we implemented a P300-based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) using SEEG signals. 40 buttons corresponding to 40 numbers displayed in a graphical user interface (GUI) were intensified in a random order. To select a number, the user could focus on the corresponding button when it was flashing. Five epileptic patients implanted with SEEG electrodes attended the experiment and achieved an average online accuracy of 97.33%. Moreover, through single contact decoding and simulated online analysis, we found that these subjects achieved an average accuracy of 82.00% using a single channel of signal. These results indicated that our SEEG-based BCI had a high performance, which was mainly because of the high quality of SEEG signals.
|
['Brain', 'Brain-Computer Interfaces', 'Electrodes, Implanted', 'Electroencephalography', 'Epilepsy', 'Event-Related Potentials, P300', 'Humans', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 31,946,534
|
[['A08.186.211'], ['E07.305.076'], ['E07.305.250.319', 'E07.695.202'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['G07.265.216.500.350', 'G11.561.200.500.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Eicosenoic and docosenoic acid incorporation in serum lipoproteins in rats fed rapeseed oil.
|
Rats were fed rapeseed oil rich in eicosenoic (20:1) and docosenoic (22:1) acids for 7 days, and the fatty acid composition of the lipid classes of serum and serum lipoproteins was determined. Concentrations of 20:1 and 22:1 acids in the lipid classes were variable, especially among lipoproteins, and were a direct function of the alimentary state of the animal. The results suggest differences in the incorporation of the above acids among the major lipoprotein types and various lipid classes within a given lipoprotein type. The quick partial disappearance of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and of low density lipoproteins (LDL) containing 20:1 and 22:1 acids upon starvation and the preferential incorporation of these acids in the triacylglycerols of high density lipoproteins (HDL) are discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Brassica', 'Cholesterol', 'Dietary Fats', 'Fasting', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Lipoproteins', 'Male', 'Oils', 'Phospholipids', 'Rats', 'Triglycerides']
| 634,044
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.200'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['D10.251.355'], ['D10.532', 'D12.776.521'], ['D10.627'], ['D10.570.755'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical importance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity during propylthiouracil treatment.
|
BACKGROUND: Propylthiouracil (PTU) is the mainstay of antithyroid drug therapy. Previous studies reported antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive vasculitis in patients treated for Graves' disease. ANCA has been associated with either PTU or to the disease itself. However, this issue has not been investigated in toxic multinodular goitre (TMNG). The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of ANCA positivity in both TMNG and Graves' disease patients treated with PTU, and to investigate the clinical importance of this issue.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied the presence of ANCA in 46 patients treated with PTU (30 Graves' disease, 16 TMNG). Two years after the discontinuation of PTU, ANCA was re-evaluated in 29 patients (18 Graves' disease, 11 TMNG).RESULTS: By indirect immunofluorescence, 19 of the 46 patients (41.3%) on PTU treatment were ANCA positive [13 of the 30 patients in Graves disease (43.3%), six of the 16 patients in TMNG (37.5%)]. There was no statistically significant difference between Graves' disease and TMNG patients for ANCA positivity (p = 0.362). ANCA positivity was not related to gender, thyroid autoantibodies, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, neutrophil count and PTU dose. Two years after withdrawal of PTU treatment, 10.3% of patients continued to have positive ANCA (p < 0.0001). Signs and symptoms of vasculitis could not be detected in any of the ANCA-positive patients.CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that PTU but not Graves' disease itself is the most important factor for ANCA development. The frequency of ANCA positivity is 41.3% in our country which was not different in Graves' disease and TMNG patients. The dose of PTU and ethnic factors are not associated with ANCA positivity. After cessation of PTU, vasculitis did not develop during the 2 years of follow-up despite positive ANCA.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic', 'Antithyroid Agents', 'Female', 'Graves Disease', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Propylthiouracil', 'Thyroid Function Tests', 'Young Adult']
| 18,284,438
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.190', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.190', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.190', 'D23.101.050'], ['D06.347.100', 'D27.505.696.399.450.100'], ['C11.675.349.500', 'C19.874.283.605', 'C19.874.397.370', 'C20.111.555'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.842.708'], ['E01.370.374.750'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Semisynthetic Glycoconjugate Vaccines To Elicit T Cell-Mediated Immune Responses and Protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 (ST3) is one of the main pneumococcal strains that can cause severe invasive diseases, but its current vaccines are relatively inefficient. To develop more effective ST3 vaccines, tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugates of the synthetic penta-, hexa-, hepta-, and octasaccharide analogs of ST3 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) were systematically studied. These conjugates, especially those of penta- and hexasaccharides, were demonstrated to induce extremely robust T cell-dependent immune responses in mouse. Various studies also revealed that the induced antibodies could recognize ST3 CPS and mediate in vitro opsonophagocytic killing of ST3 cells. It was proved ultimately that immunization with the hexasaccharide-TT conjugate could completely protect mice from ST3-caused infection and lung damage and significantly elongate mouse survival. It was proposed that this conjugate functions through the help of CD4+ T cells and via promoting Th cell differentiation into carbohydrate antigen-specific Th2 cells to establish humoral immunity. In conclusion, ST3 CPS hexasaccharide-TT was identified as a particularly promising ST3 vaccine candidate worthy of further investigation and development.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Female', 'Glycoconjugates', 'Lung', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Pneumococcal Infections', 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial', 'Serogroup', 'Streptococcal Vaccines', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'Tetanus Toxoid', 'Th1 Cells']
| 31,126,171
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['D09.400'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.670'], ['D09.698.718', 'D23.050.161.616'], ['G05.695.825'], ['D20.215.894.135.750'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.550', 'B03.510.400.800.872.550', 'B03.510.550.737.872.550'], ['D20.215.894.691.824'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ultrasound: an aid to diagnosing gallstones in the radiographically nonvisualized gallbladder.
|
The accuracy and reproducibility of ultrasound as a modality to identify gallstones were evaluated. A credible result raises the possibility of the use of ultrasound to diagnose gallstones in the radiographically nonvisualized gallbladder.
|
['Cholelithiasis', 'Humans', 'Radiography', 'Ultrasonography']
| 400,875
|
[['C06.130.409'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessment of the in vivo genotoxicity of 2-hydroxy 4-methoxybenzophenone.
|
The genotoxic potential of 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy-benzophenone (benzophenone-3, Bz-3), a commonly used sunscreen, has been evaluated previously with in vitro systems. Data from Salmonella studies (with and without activation) have been predominantly negative, but two reports have shown weakly positive results in a single bacterial strain under conditions of metabolic activation. In addition, Bz-3 has been reported to induce chromosome aberrations and equivocal results for sister chromatid exchange in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We used the Drosophila somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) and in vivo cytogenetics in rat bone marrow to define the potential for in vivo expression of this in vitro activity. For the SMART assay, larva from a mating of "multiple wing hair" (mwh) females with heterozygous "flare" (flr) males were exposed to 0, 3000, or 3500 ppm Bz-3 or 25 ppm dimethylnitrosamine (DMN, positive control) for 72 hr. A recombination between the mwh and flr genes produces twin wing spots, while events such as deletions produce single spots. None of the Bz-3-treated larva produced flies with significantly more single or multiple wing spots than controls. In contrast, DMN-treated larva produced flies with significantly more single or multiple wing spots than controls. The in vivo cytogenetic assay in rat bone marrow cells was conducted to evaluate the clastogenicity of Bz-3. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by oral gavage with a single administration of 0.0, 0.5, 1.67, or 5 gm/kg Bz-3 or a single dose of 5 gm/kg/day Bz-3 for 5 consecutive days. Cyclophosphamide (CP) was the positive control and was administered at 20 mg/kg with both treatment regimens. Colchicine growth-arrested bone marrow cells were collected 8 and 12 hr after the single treatment and 12hr after the last daily treatment. Under either treatment protocol none of the Bz-3 concentrations caused any significant increase in chromosomal aberrations. Results from these two studies strongly support the conclusion that Bz-3 is not genotoxic in vivo.
|
['Animals', 'Benzophenones', 'Bone Marrow', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Female', 'Male', 'Mutagenesis', 'Mutagenicity Tests', 'Mutagens', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sunscreening Agents', 'Wings, Animal']
| 8,013,479
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.134', 'D02.522.223'], ['A15.382.216'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['G05.558'], ['E05.393.560', 'E05.940.560'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D27.505.696.706.776.800', 'D27.505.954.444.695', 'D27.720.269.800', 'D27.720.799.763.764'], ['A13.395.823']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Age and individual characteristics in the structure of the celiac trunk in man].
|
The individual and developmental features of the structure of the celiac trunk were studied in 155 human corpses of either sex, age and habitus. The method used was the dissection preceded by the injection of vessels with roentgen-contrast masses and roentgenography. The individual and developmental features of the level of branching the celiac trunk off from the abdominal part of the aorta have been revealed, as well as the angle of its branching, the length and diameter of the celiac trunk and the form of its ramification.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Body Constitution', 'Celiac Artery', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 901,191
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E01.370.600.115', 'G07.100'], ['A07.015.114.207'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Elevated Lin28B expression is correlated with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinomas.
|
BACKGROUND: Lymph node (LN) metastasis is the most common cause of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-related death. Searching the detailed molecular mechanisms involved LN metastasis in OSCC is still an open question.METHODS: Paired tissue samples from tumor (T) and adjacent non-cancerous matched tissues (NCMT) parts, as well as LN metastatic lesions in patient with OSCC tissues were subjected to quantitative real-time PCR analysis for the expression levels of Lin28B. Arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, was to explore whether expression of Lin28B could be changed dose dependent in oral epithelial cells. Control and Lin28B-knockdown arecoline-stimulated oral epithelial cells were subjected to migration/invasion/anchorage-independent growth assay.RESULTS: Compared with NCMT samples from the same OSCC patient, the expression of Lin28B was increased in all of the tumor samples. A similar upregulation of Lin28B was also observed in LN metastatic when compared with local tumors. Arecoline treatment dose dependently induced Lin28B expression in SG and FaDu cells. Lentiviral-mediated silencing Lin28B expression significantly attenuated arecoline-induced oncogenicity including proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and anchorage-independent growth in SG and FaDu cells.CONCLUSIONS: Lin28B may be a useful biomarker and novel molecular target for LN metastasis OSCC patients' treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arecoline', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Female', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck', 'Up-Regulation']
| 25,726,847
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D03.066.515.292', 'D03.132.080', 'D03.383.725.547.292'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['C04.557.470.200.400.565', 'C04.588.443.177'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The comparative test performance of dot filter hybridization (Viratype) and conventional morphologic analysis to detect human papillomavirus.
|
To investigate the test performance of a commercially available detection kit for human papillomavirus (HPV), the relationship between the detection of HPV by dot filter hybridization (DFH) and by standard morphologic methods was studied. Four hundred two cervical samples taken from 381 patients referred to a colposcopy clinic were examined. Human papillomavirus DNA sequences were identified and typed using commercially available anti-sense RNA probes. Simultaneous cytologic smears were obtained in 289 patients, directed biopsy samples in 284, and both smears and biopsy samples in 171 samples. Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 164 specimens (41%), of which 24 (15%) were type 6/11, 74 (45%) were type 16/18, 39 (24%) were type 31/33/35, and 27 (16%) were untyped due to the presence of multiple positive signals. Viral types 16/18 and 31/33/35 were eight and six times more frequent in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II/CIN III lesions than in condyloma/CIN I, respectively. When the cytologic diagnosis was considered the standard of reference, the results of DFH for the detection of HPV were concordant in 167 (56%) paired samples. The sensitivity of DFH was 48% and the specificity was 77%. The distribution of the morphologic diagnoses in the group of false-negative results and true-positive results was similar. When the histologic diagnosis was considered the standard of reference, the efficiency of DFH was 62%, the sensitivity was 59%, and the specificity was 79%. In the subgroup of 118 samples with simultaneous smear and biopsy and at least one positive examination, 42 (36%) were positive by all three methods, 42 (36%) by two, and 34 (29%) by one, including 6 (5%) by DFH alone. Fifteen cases more were detected by the complementary use of DFH and cytology than with cytology alone. The results demonstrated that the sets of patients positive for HPV when detected by DFH or by morphologic methods were not identical but rather overlapped. The detection of HPV may be slightly improved by using DFH in addition to conventional examinations. A significant number of HPV-positive patients without a morphologic lesion and patients with low-grade lesions had HPV 16/18 or 31/33/35, suggesting a possible role for typing in establishing a risk profile. However, given uncertainties in understanding the biology of HPV-associated lesions, the role, if any, of clinical testing for HPV by DFH remains to be defined.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biopsy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Tumor Virus Infections', 'Uterine Cervical Diseases', 'Vaginal Smears']
| 1,309,483
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['C01.925.928'], ['C13.351.500.852.593'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Dissection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae asci.
|
Yeast is a highly tractable model system that is used to study many different cellular processes. The common laboratory strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae exists in either a haploid or diploid state. The ability to combine alleles from two haploids and the ability to introduce modifications to the genome requires the production and dissection of asci. Asci production from haploid cells begins with the mating of two yeast haploid strains with compatible mating types to produce a diploid strain. This can be accomplished in a number of ways either on solid medium or in liquid. It is advantageous to select for the diploids in medium that selectively promotes their growth compared to either of the haploid strains. The diploids are then allowed to sporulate on nutrient-poor medium to form asci, a bundle of four haploid daughter cells resulting from meiotic reproduction of the diploid. A mixture of vegetative cells and asci is then treated with the enzyme zymolyase to digest away the membrane sac surrounding the ascospores of the asci. Using micromanipulation with a microneedle under a dissection microscope one can pick up individual asci and separate and relocate the four ascopores. Dissected asci are grown for several days and tested for the markers or alleles of interest by replica plating onto appropriate selective media.
|
['Diploidy', 'Mycology', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Spores, Fungal']
| 19,455,096
|
[['G05.700.264'], ['H01.158.273.540.553'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['A11.870.710', 'A19.374.500', 'B05.775.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Incorporating oliguria into the diagnostic criteria for acute kidney injury after on-pump cardiac surgery: impact on incidence and outcomes.
|
OBJECTIVES: Consensus definitions represent an important step toward defining the epidemiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the oliguric component of these definitions remains of uncertain impact and utility after cardiac surgery. The authors sought to define the specific impact of oliguric criteria, both alone and in combination with serum creatinine criteria, on the observed incidence of AKI and associated adverse outcomes following adult cardiac surgery.DESIGN: Retrospective observational study over a 1-year period.SETTING: Academic medical institution.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 311 adult patients undergoing elective valve and/or coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.INTERVENTIONS: No interventions were performed as part of the study.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Hourly urine output and daily serum creatinine were recorded in the 2 days following surgery. AKI was defined by Acute Kidney Injury Network oliguric and serum creatinine criteria. Defined by serum creatinine criteria alone, the incidence of AKI was 17.7% and was associated strongly with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 6.6, 95% confidence interval 1.4-30.5, p = 0.02) and renal replacement therapy (odds ratio 12.7, 95% confidence interval 2.4-67.3, p = 0.003) as well as time to discharge from the intensive care unit and hospital. Defined by oliguric criteria alone through 48 hours following surgery, the incidence of AKI dramatically increased to 55.6% but was not associated with mortality, renal replacement therapy, or time to discharge.CONCLUSIONS: Acute Kidney Injury Network oliguric criteria applied over 48 hours after surgery dramatically increased the measured incidence of AKI after cardiac surgery, but was not associated with adverse outcomes.
|
['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Cohort Studies', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Creatinine', 'Critical Care', 'Female', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oliguria', 'ROC Curve', 'Renal Replacement Therapy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,735,469
|
[['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C12.777.934.600', 'C13.351.968.934.600', 'C23.888.942.400'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E02.870'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Glutathione-S-transferase pi expression in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
|
Glutathione-S-transferase pi (GST pi) is a multifunctional protein that acts as an enzyme, involved in the detoxification of drugs and carcinogens. It has been implicated both in drug resistance and malignant transformation of epithelium. Using an indirect immunohistochemical technique, we have evaluated cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in normal urothelium, 23 superficial bladder tumours and 26 invasive tumours. All 26 invasive tumours had been treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Cytoplasmic staining was seen in normal urothelium and all bladder tumours. Nuclear staining was seen in 1 superficial tumour and in 13 invasive tumours. There was no association between nuclear staining and response to chemotherapy. Nuclear staining was seen in 1 area of dysplasia and in 2 of 3 areas of carcinoma in situ. GST pi expression is not a predictor of response to chemotherapy. Increased intra-nuclear expression of GST pi may be associated with progression of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
|
['Carcinoma, Transitional Cell', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cytoplasm', 'Drug Resistance', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Humans', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 8,281,406
|
[['C04.557.470.200.430'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.890'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A randomized, controlled dose response study of intravenous sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection.
|
Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (Imuthiol, DTC) has previously been observed to promote T-cell maturation in animal models and to reduce lymphadenopathy and improve survival in a murine AIDS model. In addition, several clinical studies have suggested that one dosage regimen may be active in patients with HIV infection. We conducted a randomized, controlled dose response study of intravenous DTC in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC). Drug associated toxicities included gastrointestinal upset, burning at the infusion site, metallic taste, sneezing, confusional states, hyperactivity, delusional thinking, and myoclonus. Toxicity was ameliorated by dose reduction. The maximally tolerated dose varied for individual patients from 200 mg/m2 weekly to 800 mg/m2 twice weekly. No myelosuppression was observed. In patients with greater than 200 CD4+ cells/uL, a statistically significant reduction of lymphadenopathy occurred; whereas no beneficial effects were observed in patients with less than 200 CD4+ cells/uL. Improvement in symptom score and stabilization of CD4+ count also occurred in the treated group, although these trends did not reach statistical significance. Further controlled clinical trials of DTC in earlier HIV infection are warranted.
|
['AIDS-Related Complex', 'Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Adult', 'Ditiocarb', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Tolerance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic']
| 2,557,513
|
[['C01.221.250.875.080', 'C01.221.812.640.400.080', 'C01.778.640.400.080', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.080', 'C01.925.813.400.080', 'C01.925.839.080', 'C20.673.480.080'], ['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D02.241.081.251.869.220', 'D02.886.706.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.992'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Developmental regulation of calcium-binding proteins (calelectrins and calpactin I) in mammary glands.
|
We recently showed that mammary glands contain a novel class of calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) that bind to membranes in a calcium-dependent manner. We have also established that these mammary CBPs are equivalent to the calelectrins and calpactin I/p36. Since it has been suggested that these proteins might be involved in exocytosis, we examined mammary glands for these CBPs during secretory differentiation. Immunohistochemical examination showed glands from virgin animals to be rich in calelectrins and calpactin I/p36, while glands from lactating animals contained little immunoreactive material. In addition, silver-staining and immunoblot estimation of the CBPs in lysates from collagenase harvested secretory epithelia showed these proteins to be significantly reduced compared to nonsecretory epithelia. Close examination of the CBP immunoreactive cells of the mammary gland shows that ductal cells are prominent in their staining and that the immunoreactive material is associated with the cell surface. Also, in juvenile glands the myoepithelial stem cells (cap cells) of the elongating end bud are devoid of the CBPs. In contrast to the in vivo data, epithelia cultivated on collagen gels demonstrate comparable levels of the CBPs in both nonsecretory and secretory monolayers. The in vivo data indicate that the CBPs are developmentally regulated during mammary gland differentiation such that secretory epithelia are essentially devoid of these novel proteins. Furthermore, a role for calelectrin and calpactin I/p36 in exocytotic casein secretion is questioned.
|
['Animals', 'Annexins', 'Blotting, Western', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Collagen', 'Epithelium', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Mice', 'Molecular Weight']
| 2,522,458
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.125.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['A11.251'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['A10.272'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['E05.481'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.494']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pasteurella haemolytica cytotoxin: production by recognized serotypes and neutralization by type-specific rabbit antisera.
|
A sterile culture supernatant from each of the 12 recognized serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica was toxic to bovine alveolar macrophages when assayed by 51Cr release. Types appeared to differ in their ability to liberate cytotoxin, although this may have reflected strain variation rather than serotype-related differences. Toxicity was partially neutralized by type-specific rabbit antisera, with neutralization of the homologous toxin being more effective than that of the heterologous serotype.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Vaccines', 'Cytotoxins', 'Immune Sera', 'Pasteurella', 'Rabbits', 'Serotyping', 'Vaccination']
| 6,869,971
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['D20.215.894.135'], ['D27.888.569.213'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['B03.440.450.600.600', 'B03.660.250.550.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E01.370.225.812.742', 'E01.370.225.875.150.125.890', 'E05.200.812.742', 'E05.200.875.150.125.890', 'E05.478.594.780'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver. Ultrasound and CT features.
|
Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver is characterized by a well-circumscribed, encapsulated inflammatory mass consisting of inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. We report the radiological findings of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver in two patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, showing a poorly defined, heterogeneous, hypovascular mass, mimicking a tumor. Radiological findings are not characteristic and definitive diagnosis requires needle biopsy or surgery.
|
['Aged', 'Bile Duct Neoplasms', 'Cholangiocarcinoma', 'Cholangitis', 'Cholelithiasis', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Granuloma, Plasma Cell', 'Humans', 'Liver Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Recurrence', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography']
| 7,895,198
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.274.120.250', 'C06.130.120.120', 'C06.130.320.120', 'C06.301.120.250'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.450'], ['C06.130.120.200'], ['C06.130.409'], ['E01.171'], ['C23.550.382.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Metformin inhibits the proliferation of hypopharyngeal carcinoma Fadu cells and enhances the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of cells].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of metformin on the growth inhibition induced by chemotherapeutic agents in hypopharyngeal carcinoma Fadu cells.METHODS: Fadu cells were treated with different concentrations of metformin for different time or treated with different concentrations of cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil or paclitaxel with or without metformin 5 mmol/L. MTT assay was used to evaluate the influence of metformin on the proliferation of Fadu cells. Cell-cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of AMP-dependent/activated protein kinase (AMPK) and P21 were examined by immunocytochemistry.RESULTS: Metformin inhibited the proliferation of Fadu cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Flow cytometry showed that cell cycle arrest in G1 phase was induced by metformin in Fadu cells.Immunocytochemistry showed the expressions of both AMPK and P21 in cells treated with metformin were higher than those in cells untreated with metformin. The growth inhibition of cells induced by cisplatin or paclitaxel but not 5-fluorouracil was enhanced by metformin. The combined indexes of cisplatin/paclitaxel/5-fluorouracil and metformin for 48 h were 0.43, 0.37, and 1.15, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Metformin may inhibit the proliferation of Fadu cells by inducing the cell cycle arrest in G1 phase mediated in part by AMPK and P21. Metformin enhances the sensitivity of Fadu cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel.
|
['AMP-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Cycle Checkpoints', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cisplatin', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Humans', 'Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Metformin', 'Paclitaxel']
| 24,931,021
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.085', 'D12.644.360.062', 'D12.776.476.062'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.144.109'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['D12.644.360.225.500', 'D12.776.157.687.250', 'D12.776.167.187.500', 'D12.776.476.225.500', 'D12.776.624.776.355.500', 'D12.776.660.720.250'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.485', 'C07.550.745.436', 'C09.647.710.485', 'C09.775.549.485'], ['D02.078.370.141.450'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cytochemical observations on the nervous system of adult Corrigia vitta.
|
Adult Corrigia vitta (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidea) inhabit the pancreatic duct of the fieldmouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, where, in numbers, they may occlude the duct lumen and prevent the flow of pancreatic secretions. Enzyme histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques, in conjunction with confocal scanning laser microscopy, have been used to examine the localization and distribution of cholinergic, serotoninergic (5-HT, serotonin) and peptidergic components of the nervous system of the adult worm. All three classes of neuronal mediator showed a common pattern of staining, occurring throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Of the four peptide immunoreactivities (IR) demonstrated (pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), substance P (SP), FMRFamide), PP-IR was the most predominant, occurring not only within the central ganglia and longitudinal nerve cords, but also in subtegumental plexuses and in fibres associated with the egg-forming apparatus. PYY and FMRFamide IRs were evident throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems; FMRFamide immunostaining, in particular, highlighted innervation of the ootype and immunoreactive cell bodies around the Mehlis' gland. Both SP- and 5-HT-IRs were restricted to the cerebral ganglia, ventral nerve cords and associated cell bodies. The distribution patterns of these peptides and 5-HT within the nervous system of C. vitta suggest they are likely to function as neuronal mediators. PP, PYY and FMRFamide may also serve in regulating egg production.
|
['Animals', 'Cholinesterases', 'FMRFamide', 'Gastrointestinal Hormones', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lasers', 'Microscopy', 'Muridae', 'Nervous System', 'Neuropeptides', 'Neurotransmitter Agents', 'Pancreatic Polypeptide', 'Peptide YY', 'Peptides', 'Rodent Diseases', 'Serotonin', 'Substance P', 'Trematoda', 'Trematode Infections']
| 7,507,138
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.170'], ['D12.644.400.235', 'D12.776.631.650.235'], ['D06.472.317'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635'], ['A08'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650'], ['D27.505.519.625', 'D27.505.696.577'], ['D06.472.699.587.700', 'D12.644.400.600', 'D12.644.548.586.700', 'D12.776.631.650.600'], ['D06.472.317.662', 'D06.472.699.595', 'D12.644.548.595'], ['D12.644'], ['C22.795'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715'], ['C01.610.335.865']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Corticotropin and nonshivering thermogenesis.
|
Chronic treatment with corticotropin led to reduced calorigenic effect of norepinephrine in cold acclimatized rats, but potentiated its effect in controls. This inhibitory effect was not due to the observed decrease in corticosterone plasma level, as it was shown by metopirone administration. It is concluded that corticotropin could have a competitive action on receptor sites mediating the calorigenic effect of norepinephrine in nonshivering thermogenesis.
|
['Acclimatization', 'Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Animals', 'Body Temperature Regulation', 'Metyrapone', 'Norepinephrine', 'Rats', 'Shivering']
| 200,459
|
[['G07.025.133', 'G16.012.500.133'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['B01.050'], ['G07.110.232', 'G07.410.421', 'G16.012.500.535'], ['D03.383.725.463'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G07.110.232.778.500', 'G07.410.421.778.500', 'G16.012.500.535.778.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The genomic analysis of rubella virus detected from outbreak and sporadic cases in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.
|
BACKGROUND: The molecular epidemiology of rubella virus (RV) based on the analysis of the viral E1 gene sequences indicated the existence of two genotypes that differ from each other by 8 to 10% in their nucleotide sequences: genotype I is present in Europe, North America and Asia; and genotype II is present only in Asia.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to identify the RV genotypes circulating in Brazil.STUDY DESIGN: In this study, we analysed 86 clinical samples collected between 1996 and 1999 during a rubella outbreak and from sporadic cases of rubella in Rio de Janeiro State. For the molecular characterisation of RV strains we have used PCR/nested amplification and direct sequencing of a 513-nucleotide region of the E1 gene.RESULTS: The E1 gene sequences of 14 RVs were obtained and were assigned to two lineages, both within genotype I. The percentage divergence of nucleotide sequence ranged from 3.4 to 5.1% between these two lineages. These results were in agreement with the pattern of variation observed among the sequences obtained from other lineages of RV.CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrated that two new lineages of RV circulated simultaneously between the years 1996 and 1999 in the state of Rio de Janeiro. These results provided new approaches for monitoring the progress of vaccination efforts in Brazil.
|
['Adolescent', 'Brazil', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Genes, Viral', 'Humans', 'Molecular Epidemiology', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Viral', 'Rubella', 'Rubella virus']
| 12,829,043
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N06.850.290'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.416', 'E05.393.522', 'H01.158.201.636.475.500', 'H01.158.273.343.595.475.500', 'H01.181.122.650.475.550', 'H02.403.720.500.300', 'N06.850.520.470'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['C01.925.782.930.700.700'], ['B04.820.578.875.700.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha/cachectin on thyroid hormone metabolism in mice.
|
To elucidate the mechanism by which low T3 and low T4 syndrome occurs in patients with acute or chronic infection or malignancy, recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)/cachectin (TNF) was administered ip to mice and thyroid hormone metabolism was studied. Since administration of TNF caused a decrease in food intake and body weight, all experiments were performed using pair-fed control (PFC) mice. Administration of TNF at a dose of 1-100 micrograms/day for 3 days decreased serum T4, T3, and rT3 concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. In PFC mice, serum T4 and T3 also decreased, but rT3 was significantly increased. T3/T4 ratio was greater in TNF-treated mice than in PFC mice. Type I iodothyronine-5'-deiodinating activity in the liver was significantly decreased in PFC mice but not in TNF-treated mice. The effect of TNF was reversible and could be abolished by boiling the cytokine. Furthermore, T3 and T4 response to TSH was greatly diminished in TNF-treated mice in comparison with PFC mice. These findings suggest that TNF directly inhibited the effect of TSH on the thyroid gland and decreased the serum concentrations of T4 and T3. Although TNF decreased food intake and body weight in TNF-treated mice, it did not decrease type I 5'-deiodinating activity in the liver, resulting in a greater T3/T4 ratio and lower serum rT3 concentration than those in PFC mice. We speculate that TNF is at least partly involved in the altered thyroid hormone metabolism (decreased serum T4, T3, and rT3 concentrations) caused by infections in mice.
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Reference Values', 'Serum Albumin', 'Thyroid Hormones', 'Thyrotropin', 'Thyroxine', 'Triglycerides', 'Triiodothyronine', 'Triiodothyronine, Reverse', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 3,402,392
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.978.810'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['D06.472.931'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.883', 'D12.644.548.691.525.883'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767'], ['D10.351.801'], ['D06.472.931.740.385', 'D12.125.072.050.767.741.894'], ['D06.472.931.740.590', 'D12.125.072.050.767.741.947'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[A combined therapy for maxillary cancer].
|
Forty-three patients with cancer of the maxillary sinus were treated by surgery combined with radiation and regional chemotherapy as a series of treatment in 1978-1989. The combined therapy consisted of the followings: 1) Operation to reduce tumor-mass. 2) Irradiation of total dose of 16 Gy, that is, 8 Gy preoperatively and 8 Gy postoperatively. 3) Chemotherapy with arterial infusion of 1,000 mg fluorouracil (5-FU) and 2,000 mg broxuridine (BUdR) for 4 days after operation. Of the 16 patients with neck metastasis, 14 accepted extirpation of the metastatic cervical lymph nodes and upper neck dissection was performed in other 2 cases. Five-year survival was 87% in the 32 patients of stage II and III but 41% in the 11 of stage IV. The combined therapy for patients of stage II and III disease is recommended because of the satisfactory results. However, a further study is required in our therapeutic schema for the case of stage IV since the prognosis was poor.
|
['Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intra-Arterial', 'Lymph Node Excision', 'Male', 'Maxillary Neoplasms', 'Middle Aged', 'Survival Rate']
| 1,888,179
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['E02.186'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.370'], ['E04.446'], ['C04.588.149.721.450.601', 'C05.116.231.754.450.601', 'C05.500.499.601', 'C05.500.693.528', 'C07.320.515.601', 'C07.320.660.601'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol is intravenously self-administered by squirrel monkeys.
|
Two endogenous ligands for cannabinoid CB1 receptors, anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), have been identified and characterized. 2-AG is the most prevalent endogenous cannabinoid ligand in the brain, and electrophysiological studies suggest 2-AG, rather than anandamide, is the true natural ligand for cannabinoid receptors and the key endocannabinoid involved in retrograde signaling in the brain. Here, we evaluated intravenously administered 2-AG for reinforcing effects in nonhuman primates. Squirrel monkeys that previously self-administered anandamide or nicotine under a fixed-ratio schedule with a 60 s timeout after each injection had their self-administration behavior extinguished by vehicle substitution and were then given the opportunity to self-administer 2-AG. Intravenous 2-AG was a very effective reinforcer of drug-taking behavior, maintaining higher numbers of self-administered injections per session and higher rates of responding than vehicle across a wide range of doses. To assess involvement of CB1 receptors in the reinforcing effects of 2-AG, we pretreated monkeys with the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor inverse agonist/antagonist rimonabant [N-piperidino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methylpyrazole-3-carboxamide]. Rimonabant produced persistent blockade of 2-AG self-administration without affecting responding maintained by food under similar conditions. Thus, 2-AG was actively self-administered by monkeys with or without a history of cannabinoid self-administration, and the reinforcing effects of 2-AG were mediated by CB1 receptors. Self-administration of 2-AG by squirrel monkeys provides a valuable procedure for studying abuse liability of medications that interfere with 2-AG signaling within the brain and for investigating mechanisms involved in the reinforcing effects of endocannabinoids.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Arachidonic Acids', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Endocannabinoids', 'Extinction, Psychological', 'Glycerides', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Motivation', 'Piperidines', 'Pyrazoles', 'Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1', 'Reinforcement, Psychology', 'Rimonabant', 'Saimiri', 'Self Administration']
| 21,562,266
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D10.251.355.255.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166'], ['F01.145.113'], ['D10.251.265'], ['F02.463.425.770.232'], ['D10.351'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.125.100'], ['F02.463.425.770'], ['D03.383.129.539.888', 'D03.383.621.834'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.600.150.710.710'], ['E02.319.890', 'E02.900.890']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Determination of iodide in seawater by capillary ion chromatography using hexadimethrine bromide modified C30 stationary phases.
|
A novel and simple capillary ion chromatographic method for the determination of iodide is reported. Separation was achieved on a laboratory-made packed capillary column (100 mm ? 0.32 mm i.d.) packed with triacontyl-functionalized silica, followed by a modification with hexadimethrine bromide, where 1 mM sodium chloride-acetonitrile (95:5, v/v) was used as the eluent and UV-absorbing analyte anions were detected at 225 nm. The effects of the eluent composition on the retention behavior of inorganic anions were investigated. The addition of a small amount of an organic substance in an eluent such as acetonitrile increased the retention of iodide, while the addition of methanol decreased its retention. The present analytical method was successfully applied to the rapid and direct determination of iodide in seawater without any preconcentration. Also, this modified column could be used for about two months (6 h operation per day) without hexadimethrine bromide being contained in the eluent.
|
['Chromatography, Liquid', 'Hexadimethrine Bromide', 'Iodides', 'Limit of Detection', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Seawater', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Time Factors']
| 23,303,081
|
[['E05.196.181.400'], ['D02.092.782.420', 'D05.750.470', 'D25.720.470', 'J01.637.051.720.470'], ['D01.248.497.158.490', 'D01.475.410'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Interaction between aberrations to improve or reduce visual performance.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate how pairs of Zernike modes interact to increase or decrease visual acuity.SETTING: Visual Optics Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.METHODS: Subjects read aberrated and unaberrated visual acuity charts 3 times. Each aberrated chart was produced by convolving an aberrated point-spread function with an unaberrated acuity chart. Point-spread functions were defined by 4 pairs of Zernike modes. For each pair, 9 combinations were used, ranging from all aberration being loaded into the first mode to all aberration being loaded into the second mode. The root mean square (RMS) wavefront error always totaled 0.25 microm (6.0 mm pupil), a level similar to the aberration induced by traditional flying small-spot laser refractive surgeries.RESULTS: For all conditions (except the unaberrated charts), visual acuity decreased. Acuity varied significantly depending on which modes were mixed and the relative contribution of each mode. Modes 2 radial orders apart and having the same sign and angular frequency tended to combine to increase visual acuity. Modes within the same radial order tended to combine to decrease acuity.CONCLUSIONS: For low levels of aberration, the RMS wavefront error is not a good predictor of visual acuity. Clinically, it is important to define how aberrations interact to optimize visual performance. New metrics of optical/neural performance that correlate better with clinical measures of visual performance need to be adopted or developed, as well as new clinically viable measures of visual performance that are sensitive to subtle changes in optical performance.
|
['Adult', 'Astigmatism', 'Humans', 'Mathematics', 'Middle Aged', 'Retina', 'Visual Acuity']
| 12,954,294
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C11.744.212'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.548'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A09.371.729'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The use of the photoplethysmograph to monitor the training of a cross-leg free flap prior to division.
|
The cross-leg free flap is an important, although rarely used, option in the reconstruction of lower limb trauma. We report the use of photoplethysmography in the assessment of such a flap's training and the time of pedicle division.
|
['Adult', 'Humans', 'Leg Injuries', 'Male', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Photoplethysmography', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Surgical Flaps']
| 10,927,690
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.558'], ['G09.330.630'], ['E01.370.370.610.600'], ['E04.680'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The use of near-infrared spectroscopy during an extubation readiness trial as a predictor of extubation outcome.
|
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the measurement of cerebral and somatic regional oxygen saturation during an extubation readiness trial predicts extubation failure in postoperative cardiac patients.DESIGN: Prospective observational study.SETTING: Tertiary care center cardiac ICU.PATIENTS: Pediatric patients 1 day to 21 years old following cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease. Patients were included if they were intubated for greater than 12 hours and were undergoing an extubation readiness trial.INTERVENTIONS: None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data collection included patient demographic, procedural, laboratory, and physiologic variables. Regional oxygen saturation values were recorded using near-infrared spectroscopy at baseline, during a 2-hour extubation readiness trial, and in the first 2 hours postextubation. Ninety-nine extubation readiness trials were conducted in 79 patients. Adjusting for baseline somatic regional oxygen saturation, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that patients with a decline in their minimum somatic regional oxygen saturation of at least 10% during an extubation readiness trial had a 6-time increased odds of extubation failure (p = 0.02; 95% CI, 1.26-29.8). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that a 12% decline in the minimum regional oxygen saturation best predicted extubation failure with 54% sensitivity and 82% specificity.CONCLUSIONS: A 12% decline in somatic regional oxygen saturation during an extubation readiness trial is associated with an increased risk of extubation failure following a successful extubation readiness trial. The addition of somatic regional oxygen saturation measurements to an extubation readiness trial may improve our ability to predict extubation outcome.
|
['Adolescent', 'Airway Extubation', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Oximetry', 'Postoperative Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'ROC Curve', 'Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared', 'Ventilator Weaning', 'Young Adult']
| 23,823,194
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E02.041.249', 'E05.008'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100.600', 'E01.370.370.380.600', 'E01.370.386.700.100.600', 'E05.200.124.100.100.600'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E01.370.350.750', 'E05.196.867.851'], ['E02.041.625.950', 'E02.880.820.950'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A Comparison of the Immunochemical Methods, PETINIA and EMIT, With That of HPLC-UV for the Routine Monitoring of Mycophenolic Acid in Heart Transplant Patients.
|
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate particle enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (PETINIA) recently developed for mycophenolic acid (MPA) determination in plasma and to compare it with a reference high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, using samples from heart transplant recipients. The results are presented in the context of PETINIA being compared with enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT).METHODS: PETINIA evaluation was performed using 194 routine trough plasma samples at steady state. EMIT was evaluated using 677 samples from 61 steady-state 12-hour profiles obtained from 35 heart transplant patients. Evaluation was undertaken on a Dimension EXL 200 analyzer (PETINIA) and on a Viva-E analyzer (EMIT).RESULTS: The mean MPA concentration measured by PETINIA was significantly higher than that measured by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with UV detector (2.36 ± 1.30 mcg/mL versus 1.82 ± 1.23 mcg/mL, respectively, P < 0.0001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a mean bias of 0.54 mcg/mL [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.49-0.59] comprising 33.48% (95% CI, 30.34-36.61). Passing-Bablok regression was: y = 1.100x + 0.38 (95% CI for slope: 1.044-1.154 and for intercept: 0.30-0.47). Regardless of a significant observed correlation (r = 0.9230, P < 0.0001), the statistical analyses showed a significant difference between PETINIA and the reference chromatographic method. The mean MPA concentration measured by EMIT was significantly higher than that measured by HPLC (7.48 ± 8.34 mcg/mL versus 5.57 ± 6.61 mcg/mL, respectively, P < 0.0001) with a mean bias of 1.91 mcg/mL (95% CI, 1.75-2.07) comprising 35.91% (95% CI, 34.37-37.45). The significant difference between EMIT and HPLC was confirmed by Passing-Bablok regression: y = 1.300x + 0.24 (95% CI for slope: 1.279-1.324 and for intercept: 0.18-0.29). The analysis of the determinations, grouped by sampling time, revealed positive bias between EMIT and HPLC ranging from 24.54% to 42.77% and inversely proportional to MPA concentrations with r = 0.9122 (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The new immunochemical PETINIA method was associated with significantly higher MPA concentrations in routine therapeutic drug monitoring samples from heart transplant patients. The magnitude of the MPA overestimation was similar to that observed by use of the EMIT method.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Drug Monitoring', 'Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique', 'Female', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycophenolic Acid', 'Nephelometry and Turbidimetry', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Young Adult']
| 25,380,305
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E01.370.520.200'], ['E05.478.566.350.180', 'E05.478.583.400.180', 'E05.601.470.350.180'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.241.081.193.678', 'D10.251.618'], ['E05.196.712.650'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative functional and physiologic status of active and dropout coronary bypass patients of a rehabilitation program.
|
To assess the benefits of regular participation in a medically supervised cardiac rehabilitation program, 22 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass (2 groups of 11 each) were studied retrospectively. Group I (mean age 53 years) was currently enrolled in the rehabilitation program. Group II (mean age 56 years) had begun but had discontinued the program. The stated reasons for discontinuation were not medical. There was no difference in entry exercise tests, and presurgical catheterization data in both groups were comparable. Mean peak oxygen consumption (VO2) by modified Douglas bag technique, heart rate X systolic blood pressure product, and treadmill duration time were recorded in a single testing period. Results revealed that Group I had higher peak VO2 (30 ml/kg/min) than Group II (24) (p less than 0.005) and greater treadmill time (11 minutes) than Group II (8) (p less than 0.01). Nine of 11 subjects in Group I were fully employed, versus 4 of 11 in Group II (p less than 0.01). One of 11 subjects in Group I had been rehospitalized versus 5 in Group II. None in Group I but 4 of 11 subjects in Group II smoked. Thus, based on the sampling and methodology of this study, it is concluded that coronary artery bypass patients in rehabilitation programs have greater peak VO2 and treadmill test time, smoke less, are less often rehospitalized, and are more often fully employed than those who are not in such programs.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Disease', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Exercise Test', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Dropouts', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors']
| 6,601,451
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.610', 'F01.145.488.887.500.610', 'N05.300.150.800.500.610'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cross-reactivity of Rickettsia japonica and Rickettsia typhi demonstrated by immunofluorescence and Western immunoblotting.
|
Cross-reactivity between Rickettsia japonica and R. typhi was observed by immunofluorescence tests using sera from patients with Oriental spotted fever (OSF), from whom the causative agent was isolated and identified as R. japonica. Western immunoblotting with these sera revealed that only the 120-kilodalton surface polypeptide, i.e., rickettsial outer membrane protein (rOmp) B, has a common antigenicity with the 105-kilodalton surface polypeptide of R. typhi. In some cases, antibodies specifically reactive with R. typhi were detected in acute-phase sera followed by a significant rise in titers, possibly because of an anamnestic response to a previous infection with an R. typhi-like agent; the sera retained reactivity to R. typhi even after absorption by a homologous strain. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-like antigen of R. typhi was found to be reactive with some sera of OSF patients. The ladder bands on Western immunoblot of rickettsial organisms were confirmed to be polysaccharide in nature, which was demonstrated by comparing them with the pattern of silver-stained gel of proteinase K-treated rickettsial specimens after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
|
['Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cross Reactions', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Rickettsia', 'Rickettsia Infections', 'Rickettsia typhi', 'Species Specificity']
| 8,789,054
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['G12.100'], ['D23.050.161'], ['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G12.122.281'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['B03.660.050.783.875.650.650'], ['C01.150.252.400.789.725', 'C01.920.914.725'], ['B03.660.050.783.875.650.650.810'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Main factors governing the transfer of carotenoids from emulsion lipid droplets to micelles.
|
Carotenoids might lower the incidence of several diseases, yet the mechanisms governing their intestinal absorption are still poorly understood. The aim was to identify and study the main factors governing the transfer of carotenoids from emulsion lipid droplets to mixed micelles, presumed to be a key step in carotenoid absorption. An in vitro model was devised to measure the transfer, and a factorial design was applied to identify the main factors affecting the transfer. Experiments were then conducted to assess the effect of physiological variations of the main factors on the transfer efficiency. Finally, different carotenoids were simultaneously incorporated in emulsion lipid droplets to determine whether they interacted during the transfer. The factorial design gave three factors that significantly affected the transfer: type of carotenoid, pH, and bile lipid concentration. The transfer was (i) inversely related to carotenoid hydrophobicity, (ii) maximum between pH 6 and 7, (iii) maximum from 2 mmol/l bile salts, (iv) impaired by other carotenoids in the case of carotenes, but not in the case of xanthophylls. The transfer mainly depends on carotenoid hydrophobicity, pH, and bile lipid concentration. Physiological variations in pH and bile lipid concentration markedly affect the transfer. Both carotenes and xanthophylls can impair the transfer of carotenes, whereas they have apparently no effect on the transfer of xanthophylls.
|
['Bile', 'Carotenoids', 'Emulsions', 'Gastrointestinal Contents', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lipids', 'Micelles', 'Water']
| 11,731,338
|
[['A12.200.087'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249', 'D02.455.849.131', 'D23.767.261'], ['D20.280.260', 'D26.255.165.260'], ['A12.519'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D10'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cerebral aneurysms: accuracy of 320-detector row nonsubtracted and subtracted volumetric CT angiography for diagnosis.
|
PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of 320-detector row nonsubtracted and subtracted volumetric computed tomographic (CT) angiography for detection of cerebral aneurysms.MATERIALS AND METHODS: After institutional review board approval and informed written consent were obtained, 282 consecutive patients suspected of having cerebral aneurysms underwent CT angiography with a 320-detector row volumetric CT scanner and three-dimensional (3D) rotational digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of nonsubtracted and subtracted volumetric CT angiography for depiction of aneurysms were analyzed, with 3D DSA as the reference standard. P values less than .05 were considered to indicate a significant difference.RESULTS: Among the 282 patients, 198 (70.2%) had 239 cerebral aneurysms that were detected on the basis of 3D DSA. Nonsubtracted volumetric CT angiography showed 231 of the 239 (96.7%) aneurysms. The primary reason for missed aneurysms was close proximity to bone tissue. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of nonsubtracted volumetric CT angiography for depicting aneurysms were 96.7%, 100%, and 97.5%, respectively, on a per-aneurysm basis. Subtracted volumetric CT angiography showed 237 of 239 (99.2%) aneurysms. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of subtracted volumetric CT angiography for depicting aneurysms were 99.2%, 100%, and 99.4%, respectively, on a per-aneurysm basis. There was no statistically significant difference in accuracy between subtracted volumetric CT angiography and 3D DSA (P = .500). However, nonsubtracted volumetric CT angiography was significantly less sensitive than 3D DSA and subtracted volumetric CT angiography (P = .031 and .008, respectively).CONCLUSION: Subtracted 320-detector row volumetric CT angiography provides excellent sensitivity for detection of cerebral aneurysms and should be the first-line imaging technique for the noninvasive evaluation of aneurysms. The accuracy of nonsubtracted volumetric CT angiography was lower than that for subtracted volumetric CT angiography, especially for aneurysms adjacent to bone tissue.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Angiography, Digital Subtraction', 'Cerebral Angiography', 'Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Intracranial Aneurysm', 'Iohexol', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 24,009,353
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700.060', 'E01.370.350.700.060.060', 'E01.370.350.700.700.060', 'E01.370.350.760.060', 'E01.370.370.050.060'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.180', 'E01.370.350.700.060.180', 'E01.370.350.700.560.180', 'E01.370.370.050.180', 'E01.370.376.537.750.180', 'E05.629.937.180'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['C10.228.140.300.510.600', 'C14.907.055.635', 'C14.907.253.560.300'], ['D02.241.223.100.400.880.400', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.375.880.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Reaction-based genetically encoded fluorescent hydrogen sulfide sensors.
|
The detection of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), a toxic gas and an important biological signaling molecule, has been a long-time challenge. Here we report genetically encoded fluorescent protein (FP)-based probes that can selectively detect H(2)S. By expanding the genetic codes of E. coli and mammalian cells, FP chromophores were modified with the sulfide-reactive azide functional group. These structurally modified chromophores were selectively reduced by H(2)S, resulting in sensitive fluorescence enhancement detectable by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Exploration of a circularly permuted FP led to an improved sensor with faster responses, and the feasibility of using such a genetically encoded probe to monitor H(2)S in living mammalian cells has also been demonstrated.
|
['Animals', 'Azides', 'Biosensing Techniques', 'Escherichia coli', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Gene Expression', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Sulfide', 'Models, Molecular', 'Oxidation-Reduction']
| 22,642,566
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.625.100', 'D02.159'], ['E05.601.043'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['G05.297'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.029.260.340', 'D01.362.350', 'D01.875.350'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The radical transbasal approach for resection of anterior and midline skull base lesions.
|
OBJECT: Craniofacial surgery can be performed to treat midline and anterior skull base lesions by creating a bicoronal scalp incision without the need for an additional transfacial procedure. Originally described as the transbasal approach, several modifications for further exposure of the skull base have been described. The authors present data on the application and outcomes of a modified transbasal approach. The radical transbasal approach consists of a bifrontal craniotomy and a frontoorbitonasal osteotomy.METHODS: Between 1992 and 2002, 41 patients (28 male and 13 female patients with a mean age of 38.3 years [range 7-77 years]) underwent 44 radical transbasal procedures. Twenty-three malignant and 18 benign lesions involving the midline skull base were treated. These cases were reviewed retrospectively. Gross-total resection of 30 lesions was achieved. Seven lesions were resected subtotally and six partially; one lesion was debulked. Complications occurred in 26 (59.1%) of the 44 operations and mostly consisted of cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The surgery-related mortality rate was 6.8% (three patients). Based on their pre- and postoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale scores, 86.4% of patients improved or remained the same.CONCLUSIONS: The radical transbasal approach increases the midline craniofacial corridor by allowing the globes to be safely retracted laterally. It also enhances exposure of the maxillary sinus from above. The morbidity and mortality rates associated with this procedure are high but consistent with the known rates for craniofacial surgery. This approach is best suited for the treatment of anterior skull base tumors that extend into the nasal cavity, orbit, ethmoid sinus, nasopharynx, and upper clivus. The approach may allow resection of tumors involving the maxillary sinus area without the need for an additional transfacial approach.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Craniotomy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasal Cavity', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Orbit', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Skull Base', 'Skull Base Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,235,681
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E04.525.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A04.531.449'], ['E04.525'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.690'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A01.456.830', 'A02.835.232.781.750'], ['C04.588.149.721.828', 'C05.116.231.754.829'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Catecholamine-producing tumors].
|
We report 93 patients with catecholamine producing tumors that were analyzed at the Hormone Laboratory of the Institute of Cardiology. They are 75 pheochromocytoma patients and 18 children with neuroblastoma. Fluorimetric methods were used to measure urinary and plasma catecholamines on neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma patients. Dopamine high excretion (mean value 2889 micrograms/24 hs), was constantly observed in the neuroblastoma children as were adrenaline and noradrenaline in the benign and malignant pheochromocytoma patients. The mean values for the malignant tumours were 53 for adrenaline and 1436 micrograms/24 hs for noradrenaline. Structural and biochemical differences of the catecholamine producing tumours are reflected on the clinical manifestations which are observed in the patients bearing such neoplasms.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adrenal Gland Neoplasms', 'Adult', 'Catecholamines', 'Child', 'Dopamine', 'Epinephrine', 'Female', 'Fluorometry', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Norepinephrine', 'Pheochromocytoma']
| 1,793,308
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C04.588.322.078', 'C19.053.347', 'C19.344.078'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D02.092.311', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['E05.196.712.516.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.700.725', 'C04.557.580.625.650.700.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A combined liquid three-phase micro-extraction and differential pulse voltammetric method for preconcentration and detection of ultra-trace amounts of buprenorphine using a modified pencil electrode.
|
A combination of polytetrafluorethylene membrane-based liquid three-phase micro-extraction and voltammetry was used for the micro-separation and determination of buprenorphine. Type of the organic solvent used, pH levels of the donor and acceptor phases, salt concentration, extraction time, stirring rate, and electrochemical parameters as the essential factors affecting the liquid three-phase micro-extraction of buprenorphine were investigated. Differential pulse voltammetry exhibited two linear dynamic ranges of 1.0-109.0 pmol L(-1) and 0.109 nmol L(-1)-0.11 µmol L(-1) of buprenorphine and the detection limit was found to be as low as 0.6 pmol L(-1) of buprenorphine. Also, the effects of a number of common substances potentially interfering with selectivity were studied. The results indicate that the proposed method is highly selective and sensitive for buprenorphine detection in real samples such as human urine and plasma of both drug-addict and non-addict human subjects.
|
['Buprenorphine', 'Calibration', 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Electrodes', 'Graphite', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Limit of Detection', 'Liquid Phase Microextraction', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Morphine Dependence', 'Narcotics', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Solvents']
| 24,148,523
|
[['D03.132.577.249.150', 'D03.605.497.150', 'D03.633.400.686.150', 'D04.615.723.795.150'], ['E05.978.155'], ['E05.301'], ['E07.305.250'], ['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['E05.196.155.650.500'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['C25.775.643.500.600', 'F03.900.647.500.600'], ['D27.505.696.277.600', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600'], ['D05.750.395.616', 'D25.720.395.616', 'J01.637.051.720.395.616'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['D27.720.844']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Is heart rate variability an objective parameter with which to manage treatment of infants with heart failure due to left-to-right shunting?
|
Treatment in heart failure could be guided by additional non-clinical measures, such as neurohumoral levels. Variability in heart rate is known to reflect neurohumoral stimulation. With this in mind, we sought to assess retrospectively the variability in heart rate to guide the treatment of infants in heart failure. We analysed retrospectively the data from 20 infants with a significant left-to-right shunt. All were unsuitable for cardiac surgery or interventional therapy at the time the treatment had commenced. None of the infants improved while receiving diuretics, spironolactone, and digoxin alone, but improved after the addition of propanolol or metoprolol. None of the infants had problems during or after the subsequent operation. Parasympathetic activity reflected by parameters of variability in heart rate, such as the square root of adjacent RR-intervals, and the amount of adjacent RR-intervals greater than 50 milliseconds, improved in nearly all infants during beta blockade. On the other hand, parameters of variability in heart rate reflecting sympathetic activity did not change. Parasympathetic activity reflected the clinical state of nearly all the infants. These parameters, therefore, seem to be a good non-clinical parameter, showing the optimal treatment for heart failure in an ambulatory setting.
|
['Heart Failure', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Parasympathetic Nervous System', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Weight Gain']
| 15,831,154
|
[['C14.280.434'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A08.800.050.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sodium in smooth muscle relaxation.
|
The contraction of guinea-pig taenia coli due to high K+ could not be reversed by washing when Na+ was absent from the medium. Reintroduction of Na+ (7 mM or more) caused relaxation. Similar results were obtained with rat uterus. The effect of sodium replacement was not due to change in ionic strength because equal or higher osmoles of choline, Ca++, K+, Mn++, or Mg++ had little or no effect. Persistence of contraction in the Na+-free medium was not due to a "catch state" of the contractile apparatus. Impairment of Ca+ removal from the cytoplasm rather than persistent increase in Ca+ influx seemed to sustain the mechanical response. This was because D600 (a calcium influx blocker) failed to completely relax K+-induced contraction in the absence of Na+ and also because the ability of EGTA to produce relaxation was reduced in the absence of Na+. Measurement of tissue calcium content using the lanthanum method revealed coincident decrease in tissue calcium and tension to control level during Na+-mediated relaxation. The results suggest a role for transmembrane Na+-Ca++ exchange in causing the Na+-mediated relaxation of taenia undergoing Na+-free contracture.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Choline', 'Colon', 'Guinea Pigs', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lanthanum', 'Magnesium', 'Manganese', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Potassium', 'Sodium']
| 835,696
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D02.033.100.291.211', 'D02.092.063.291.211', 'D02.092.877.883.333', 'D02.675.276.232'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.481'], ['D01.268.558.362.500', 'D01.552.550.399.500'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['D01.268.556.484', 'D01.268.956.374', 'D01.552.544.484'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The use of cytogenetic microarrays in myelodysplastic syndrome characterization.
|
Various microarray platforms, including BAC, oligonucleotide, and SNP arrays, have been shown to -provide clinically useful diagnostic and prognostic information for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Clinically useful arrays are designed with specific purposes in mind and with attention to genomic content and probe density. All array types have been shown to detect genomic copy gains and losses, with SNP arrays having the added advantage of detecting copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (CNLOH). The finding of CNLOH has led to the identification of certain disease genes implicated in the initiation or progression of myeloid diseases. In addition, SNP karyotyping alone, or in conjunction with routine cytogenetics, can affect the outcome prediction and improve prognostic stratification of patients with MDS. Patients who were reclassified after array testing as having adverse-risk chromosomal findings correlated with poor survival. Results of over 25 published studies support the use of arrays in MDS testing. Because few balanced translocations are found in MDS, this disease is particularly amenable to microarray testing, and studies have shown better disease classification, identification of cryptic changes, and prognostication in this heterogeneous group of disorders. Novel genomic alterations identified by array testing may lead to better targeted therapies for treating patients with MDS.
|
['Animals', 'Comparative Genomic Hybridization', 'Humans', 'Myelodysplastic Syndromes', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide']
| 23,412,784
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.393.285.240', 'E05.393.520.500', 'E05.393.661.187'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.378.190.625'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['G05.365.795.598']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Probability of viral labeling of neural stem cells in vivo.
|
In the neuroscience field over the past several decades, viral vectors have become powerful gene delivery systems to study neural populations of interest. For neural stem cell (NSC) biology, such viruses are often used to birth-date and track NSCs over developmental time in lineage tracing experiments. Yet, the probability of successful infection of a given stem cell in vivo remains unknown. This information would be helpful to inform investigators interested in titrating their viruses to selectively target sparsely-populated clusters of cells in the nervous system. Here, we describe a novel approach to calculate the probability of successful viral infection of NSCs using experimentally-derived cell cluster data from our newly-developed method to sparsely label adult NSCs, and a simple statistical derivation. Others interested in precisely defining their viral infection efficiency can use this method for a variety of basic and translational studies.
|
['Animals', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Hippocampus', 'Lentivirus', 'Neural Stem Cells', 'Retroviridae', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 29,777,716
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.393.350'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B04.820.650.589'], ['A11.872.653'], ['B04.613.807', 'B04.820.650'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multiple functionalization of fluorescent nanoparticles for specific biolabeling and drug delivery of dopamine.
|
The development of fluorescent biolabels for specific targeting and controlled drug release is of paramount importance in biological applications due to their potential in the generation of novel tools for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in several neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the controlled delivery of its agonists already proved to have beneficial effects both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we report the synthesis and multiple functionalization of highly fluorescent CdSe/CdS quantum rods for specific biolabeling and controlled drug release. After being transferred into aqueous media, the nanocrystals were made highly biocompatible through PEG conjugation and covered by a carbohydrate shell, which allowed specific GLUT-1 recognition. Controlled attachment of dopamine through an ester bond also allowed hydrolysis by esterases, yielding a smart nanotool for specific biolabeling and controlled drug release.
|
['Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Cadmium', 'Cadmium Compounds', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Dopamine', 'Dopamine Agents', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Glucose Transporter Type 1', 'Humans', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Quantum Dots', 'Selenium', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Sulfides']
| 22,037,807
|
[['F03.625.094.150'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['D01.142'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D27.505.519.625.150', 'D27.505.696.577.150'], ['E02.319.300'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.500.500.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.563.500', 'D12.776.543.585.500.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.625.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['E07.705', 'J01.637.512.600.650'], ['D01.268.185.850', 'D01.578.700'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['D01.248.497.158.874', 'D01.875.350.850', 'D02.886.520']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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