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Kraepelin's 'lost biological psychiatry'? Autointoxication, organotherapy and surgery for dementia praecox.
|
Kraepelin believed that a chronic metabolic autointoxication, perhaps arising from the sex glands, eventually caused chemical damage to the brain and led to the symptoms of dementia praecox. The evolution of Kraepelin's autointoxication theory of dementia praecox is traced through the 5th to 8th (1895 to 1913) editions of his textbook, Psychiatrie. The historical context of autointoxication theory in medicine is explored in depth to enable the understanding of Kraepelin's aetiological assumption and his application of a rational treatment based on it--organotherapy. A brief account of the North American reception of Kraepelin's concept of dementia praecox, its autotoxic basis, and the preferred American style of rational treatment--surgery--concludes the discussion.
|
['Bacterial Infections', 'Biological Psychiatry', 'Gastrointestinal Diseases', 'Germany', 'History, 19th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Organotherapy', 'Schizophrenia', 'Thyroid Diseases', 'Toxemia', 'United States']
| 18,175,634
|
[['C01.150.252'], ['F04.096.544.090', 'H02.403.690.100'], ['C06.405'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.682', 'E02.190.701'], ['F03.700.750'], ['C19.874'], ['C01.861'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
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Antioxidant diet supplementation influences blood iron status in endurance athletes.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to check the effects of antioxidant supplementation (vitamins E and C, and beta-carotene) on the basal iron status of athletes prior to and following their training and competition season (3 months).DESIGN: Eighteen amateur trained male athletes were randomly distributed in 2 groups: placebo (lactose) and antioxidant supplemented (vitamin E, 500 mg/d; vitamin C, 1 g/d; and beta -carotene, 30 mg/d). The study was double blind. Hematological parameters, dietary intake, physical activity intensity, antioxidant status (GSH/GSSG ratio), and basal iron status (serum iron, transferrin, ferritin, and iron saturation index) were determined before and after the intervention trials.RESULTS: Exercise decreased antioxidant defenses in the placebo group but not in the antioxidant-supplemented group. No changes were found in the number of erythrocytes, hematocrit, or hemoglobin concentration, or in values of serum iron parameters, after taking the antioxidant cocktail for 3 months, in spite of the exercise completed. The placebo group showed a high oxidative stress index, and decreases in serum iron (24%) and iron saturation index (28%), which can neither be attributed to aspects of the athletes' usual diet, nor to hemoconcentration.CONCLUSIONS: Antioxidant supplementation prevents the decrease of serum iron and the iron saturation index, and a link between iron metabolism and oxidative stress may also be suggested.
|
['Adult', 'Antioxidants', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Ferritins', 'Humans', 'Iron', 'Male', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Physical Endurance', 'Transferrin', 'Vitamin E', 'beta Carotene']
| 15,118,189
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['D12.776.157.427.249', 'D12.776.556.579.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['G11.427.680', 'I03.450.642.845.054.600'], ['D12.776.124.050.800', 'D12.776.124.790.223.839', 'D12.776.157.427.750.500', 'D12.776.377.715.182.839', 'D12.776.556.579.750.500'], ['D03.383.663.283.909', 'D03.633.100.150.909'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.123', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.050', 'D02.455.849.131.123', 'D23.767.261.050']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
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BH3-only proteins are part of a regulatory network that control the sustained signalling of the unfolded protein response sensor IRE1á.
|
Adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress depends on the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1á (IRE1á), which functions as an endoribonuclease that splices the mRNA of the transcription factor XBP-1 (X-box-binding protein-1). Through a global proteomic approach we identified the BCL-2 family member PUMA as a novel IRE1á interactor. Immun oprecipitation experiments confirmed this interaction and further detected the association of IRE1á with BIM, another BH3-only protein. BIM and PUMA double-knockout cells failed to maintain sustained XBP-1 mRNA splicing after prolonged ER stress, resulting in early inactivation. Mutation in the BH3 domain of BIM abrogated the physical interaction with IRE1á, inhibiting its effects on XBP-1 mRNA splicing. Unexpectedly, this regulation required BCL-2 and was antagonized by BAD or the BH3 domain mimetic ABT-737. The modulation of IRE1á RNAse activity by BH3-only proteins was recapitulated in a cell-free system suggesting a direct regulation. Moreover, BH3-only proteins controlled XBP-1 mRNA splicing in vivo and affected the ER stress-regulated secretion of antibodies by primary B cells. We conclude that a subset of BCL-2 family members participates in a new UPR-regulatory network, thus assuming apoptosis-unrelated functions.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Bcl-2-Like Protein 11', 'Endoribonucleases', 'Gene Knockout Techniques', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Interaction Mapping', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proteome', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tumor Suppressor Proteins', 'Unfolded Protein Response']
| 22,510,886
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.360.075', 'D12.776.476.075'], ['D12.644.360.075.323', 'D12.776.476.075.323', 'D12.776.543.116', 'D12.776.624.664.700.025'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.350', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350'], ['E05.393.335.750'], ['E05.196.150.639', 'E05.478.605'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E05.601.690'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.817'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.624.776'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.962', 'G02.111.691.600.850', 'G03.734.871.790.600.850', 'G05.308.670.600.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
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| 1
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Body mass index is associated with the maternal lines but height is heritable across family lines in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study.
|
OBJECTIVES: Overweight and obesity is a problem in children in particular and determining pathways of transmission is important in prevention. We aimed to examine associations for body mass index (BMI) across three generations of the same families.PARTICIPANTS: Members of 556 families in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study 2001-2014.SETTING: Community-based study with linkage to health records in the Republic of Ireland.METHODS: Employing a novel mixed-method approach which adjusts for age and familial group, BMI correlations were estimated at three ages of the index child, that is, at birth and at ages 5 and 9. Height was also examined for comparative purposes.RESULTS: Correlation of offspring's BMI with that of the mother increased with age (correlation coefficient 0.15 increasing to 0.28, p value <0.001 in all cases) while no consistent pattern was seen with offspring and fathers. There was an association also with each parent and their own mother. Offspring's BMI was correlated to a lesser extent with that of the maternal grandmother while for girls only there was an association with that of the paternal grandmother at ages 0 and 5 (correlation coefficients 0.25, 0.28, p values 0.02, 0.01, respectively). In contrast, height of the child was strongly associated with those of all family members at age 5, but at birth and at age 9 only there was an association with those of the parents and the paternal grandfather. Correlation of offspring's height with those of the mother and father increased with age.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that BMI is predominantly associated with the maternal line, possibly either with intrauterine development, or inherited through the X chromosome, or both, while height is a more complex trait with genetic influences of the parents and that of the paternal grandfather predominating.
|
['Body Height', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Family', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Inheritance Patterns', 'Ireland', 'Male', 'Parents', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 25,518,873
|
[['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G05.420'], ['Z01.542.467', 'Z01.639.587'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Peptide sequencing identifies residues involved in antagonist binding and disulfide bond formation.
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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) were purified from rat brain and labeled either with the site-directed affinity label [3H]propylbenzilylcholine mustard (PrBCM) or with the sulfhydryl-specific label [3H]N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), using a protocol designed to give selective incorporation of the label into disulfide-bonded cysteines. m1 mAChRs were purified from CHO-K1 cells stably expressing the cloned receptor sequence and labeled with [3H]PrBCM. The labeled receptors were cleaved with the lysine-specific protease Lys-C and, after fractionation of the products, subcleaved with cyanogen bromide. Two major CNBr cleavage products were found with a molecular mass of approximately 3.9 and approximately 2.4 kDa, labeled either by [3H]PrBCM or [3H]NEM. The results obtained from CNBr cleavage of purified forebrain receptors were consistent with those obtained from the purified cloned m1 mAChR. Edman degradation was applied to the CNBr peptides. The results were compatible with the attachment of the [3H]PrBCM label to a conserved aspartic acid residue in transmembrane helix 3 of the mAChR (corresponding to Asp-105, m1 sequence) and of [3H]NEM to a conserved cysteine residue (corresponding to Cys-98, m1 sequence). These results support the hypothesis that the cysteine residue participates in a disulfide bond on the extracellular surface of the mAChRs and related G-protein-coupled receptors, while the aspartic acid residue is involved in binding the positively charged headgroup of muscarinic antagonists.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Brain', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Cyanogen Bromide', 'Disulfides', 'Ethylmaleimide', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Peptide Mapping', 'Propylbenzilylcholine Mustard', 'Protein Conformation', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Muscarinic', 'Transfection']
| 2,380,182
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.149'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D01.139.300.050.100', 'D01.625.175'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['D02.241.081.337.502.524.418', 'D02.478.440.418', 'D03.383.129.578.399.418'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.541'], ['E05.196.181.400.454.720', 'E05.196.401.319.720', 'E05.196.700', 'E05.393.760.705.685'], ['D02.092.877.883.333.720', 'D02.455.526.728.650.740', 'D02.675.276.232.720'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
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Vitreous photography with a wide-angle funduscopic lens.
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A wide-angle funduscopic lens was used to take slit-lamp photographs of the posterior vitreous. The lens was then evaluated for its optics, magnification, field of view, and photographic usefulness and compared with the photographs taken using double aspheric preset lenses. The advantages of the wide-angle funduscopic lens were its wider field of view and ability to photograph the vitreous in the presence of a small pupil and cataract. The drawbacks were the darker image, low magnification, and artifactitious light reflection from the lens. The slit-lamp photographs using the wide-angle funduscopic lens were very useful in some complicated cases.
|
['Eye Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ophthalmology', 'Optics and Photonics', 'Photography', 'Vitreous Body']
| 8,337,496
|
[['C11'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H02.403.810.468'], ['H01.671.617', 'J01.293.688'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712'], ['A09.371.714.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
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Disposition of 3H-aflatoxin B1 in mice: formation and retention of tissue bound metabolites in nasal glands.
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Whole-body autoradiography with 3H-labelled aflatoxin B1 (3H-AFB1) in C57B1-mice showed a pronounced accumulation and retention of radioactivity in some nasal glands. At long survival intervals the labelling of the nasal glands was much higher than that of the liver. Experiments in vitro showed a capacity of the nasal glands to form tissue-bound 3H-AFB1-metabolites. Incubations in the presence of glutathione decreased the levels of tissue-bound 3H-AFB1-metabolites both in the liver and in the nasal glands, but the decrease was more pronounced in the former than in the latter tissue. The 3H-AFB1-metabolite-binding to the nasal glands in vitro was inhibited by the cytochrome P-450-inhibitor metyrapone and by CO- and N2-atmospheres indicating a cytochrome P-450-dependent bioactivation of the AFB1 in these glands. Cytochrome P-450 was shown to be present in the glands although at a much lower level than in the liver. The glands in the nose, which were shown to have this AFB1-metabolizing capacity, were the lateral nasal gland (Steno's gland) situated ventrally and laterally to the maxillary sinus and the large group of glands in the lateral nasal wall ventrally to the ostium of the maxillary sinus. Our results also indicated an AFB1-metabolizing capacity of the serous glands which are present in the anterior part of the nasal septum.
|
['Aflatoxin B1', 'Aflatoxins', 'Animals', 'Autoradiography', 'Carcinogens', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Exocrine Glands', 'Female', 'Glutathione', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Nasal Mucosa', 'Protein Binding', 'Time Factors']
| 2,123,983
|
[['D03.383.663.283.119.075', 'D03.633.100.150.119.075', 'D23.946.587.142.075'], ['D03.383.663.283.119', 'D03.633.100.150.119', 'D23.946.587.142'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['A10.336'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A04.531.520', 'A04.760.600', 'A10.615.550.760.600'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Analysis of results of soft tissue sarcoma margins revision surgery.
|
INTRODUCTION: Patients from other centres where they have had an unplanned surgical resection of a soft tissue sarcoma are often referred to hospitals specialised in sarcomas.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study was conducted on 35 patients who required this type of surgery were referred to our center between November 2001 and July 2013.RESULTS: Surgery had been performed on 29% of the patients without any complementary tests being done. In 75% of cases, the sarcoma diagnosis was discovered in the post-surgical histological study. Synovial sarcoma was the most common, affecting 38% of the patients. A surgical revision of the margins was performed on all of them, and adjuvant treatment was performed on 86% of them. The histopathology study found that 69% of the patients had residual disease. At the end of follow-up, 12% had a local recurrence, another 12% distant metastases, and 3% had died.CONCLUSION: Given the results, it is concluded that any tumour of the soft tissues in which malignancy is suspected has to be resected in a reference centre. If an unplanned esection was performed in another centre, it should be referred immediately in order to perform an imaging study, revision surgery, and if required, adjuvant treatment.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Margins of Excision', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm, Residual', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sarcoma', 'Second-Look Surgery', 'Soft Tissue Neoplasms', 'Young Adult']
| 27,634,653
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['A10.830', 'C23.149.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['C04.697.700', 'C23.550.727.700'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.557.450.795'], ['E04.708'], ['C04.588.839'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
Trichinella isolates from polar bears in Svalbard. Freeze resistance and infectivity in rats and swine.
|
The author isolated Trichinella strains from five polar bears in Svalbard (the high arctic region of Norway). Based on infectivity experiments with white mice (BOM:NMR), the freeze resistance limits of the Trichinella strains are outlined. Further experiments showed that white rats (MOL:WIST) and pigs (sus scrofa domestica) are almost refractory to these Trichinella strains. The infectivity of Svalbard isolates in the above mentioned test animals was compared, in parallel experiments, with that of T. spiralis (Owen). The latter showed a very high infectivity to the same species of test animals. It is thus probable that the arctic Trichinella found in the polar bear is biologically distinct from both T. spinalis (Owen) and T. nativa ( Britov and Boev ).
|
['Animals', 'Carnivora', 'Female', 'Freezing', 'Male', 'Masseter Muscle', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Swine', 'Trichinella', 'Ursidae']
| 6,728,674
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750'], ['G01.645.500', 'G01.906.595.272.437', 'G02.734.466'], ['A02.633.567.600.500', 'A14.530.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.100.275.780.608'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.761']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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| 0
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Juvenile papillomatosis of the breast (Swiss cheese disease) has frequent associations with PIK3CA and/or AKT1 mutations.
|
Juvenile papillomatosis (JP), the so-called Swiss cheese disease, is a rare benign breast disease of young adults. An association (up to 28%) with breast cancer within the family of affected patients has been reported. A multinodular cystic breast mass lesion and calcifications characterizes JP in imaging studies. The histological picture is diverse and comprises multiple intraductal papillomas, usual ductal hyperplasia, ductectasias, perifocal sclerosing adenosis, and calcification. Patients with complete excision of JP lesions have an excellent follow-up; breast cancer develops only on a very low subset of patients. Molecular background of JP has not been investigated until now. In this study, we addressed mutational analysis of JP cases and correlated these results with follow-up and family history in context with a comprehensive review of the JP literature. We identified 13 cases fulfilling the criteria of JP. All patients were women with a median age of 38 years (26-50 years). Follow-up information was available for 11 of 13 patients. Sufficient paraffin-embedded tissue and good DNA quality for next-generation sequencing (NGS) was available for 10 patients. Paraffin blocks were microdissected in the area of intraductal proliferative disease; the tissue cores underwent NGS analysis using the Oncomine Comprehensive Panel. In 5 of 10 patients, we found PIK3CA mutations; in 2 of 10 patients, we found AKT1 mutations in known hot spot regions. Further mutations in MET, FGFR3, PTEN, ATM, NF1, and GNAS genes were detected in individual patients. Some of these mutations were present at high allele frequencies suggesting germ line mutations. Two of 3 patients with positive family history had PIK3CA mutation; one patient with positive family history had an AKT1 mutation. One patient who subsequently developed invasive ductal carcinoma in the contralateral breast possibly had a germ line ATM mutation. Our results confirm hot spot mutations in PIK3CA and AKT1 genes in JP associated with positive family history for breast cancer, although these mutations are not specific for JP. The genetic link between JP, positive family history, and subsequent risk of breast cancer needs to be analyzed in further studies.
|
['Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Heredity', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Papilloma', 'Pedigree', 'Phenotype', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt']
| 32,088,208
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500.100.100', 'D08.811.913.696.620.500.200.100', 'D12.776.476.162'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.390'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C04.557.470.700.600'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.695'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Initial depression severity and the trajectory of recovery following cognitive-behavioral intervention for work disability.
|
INTRODUCTION: The present study examined the recovery trajectories of a group of mildly depressed and moderately-severely depressed injured workers enrolled in a 10-week community-based rehabilitation program.METHODS: A sample of 168 individuals (75 women, 93 men) with a disabling musculoskeletal pain condition participated in the research. On the basis of BDI-II (1) scores at pre-treatment assessment, patients were classified as either mildly (BDI-II =9-16; N=68) or moderately-severely depressed (BDI-II >16; N: 100).RESULTS: Both groups showed significant reductions in depression, but individuals in the (initially) moderately-severely depressed group were more likely to score in the depressed range of the BDI-II at post-treatment than individuals who were initially mildly depressed. For the mildly depressed group, early treatment reductions in pain catastrophizing, and perceived disability predicted improvement in depression scores. For the moderately-severely depressed group, none of the early treatment changes predicted improvement in depression; only late treatment reductions in pain catastrophizing and fear of movement/re-injury predicted improvement in depression. Chi-square analysis revealed that patients who were no longer depressed at post-treatment had the highest probability of returning to work (91%), followed by (post-treatment) mildly depressed patients (60%), and finally (post-treatment) moderately-severely depressed patients (26%), chi(2)=38.9, p < 0.001.CONCLUSION: In order to maximize return to work potential, the content, structure and duration of rehabilitation programs requires modification as a function of the injured workers level of the depression severity.
|
['Adult', 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy', 'Depression', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Employment', 'Fear', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Musculoskeletal Diseases', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Severity of Illness Index', "Workers' Compensation"]
| 16,670,962
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F04.754.137.350'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['E01.370.400'], ['N01.824.245'], ['F01.470.361'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05'], ['C24'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['N03.219.521.346.866', 'N03.219.521.576.300.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The value of serum tissue polypeptide specific antigen in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
BACKGROUND: Tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) recently was introduced as an indicator of cell proliferation in various tumors. The authors investigated the value of serum TPS as a complement to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Chinese patients.METHODS: Serum TPS and AFP levels were measured by monoclonal immunoradiometric assay in 85 subjects (52 males and 33 females): 26 with HCC, 30 with chronic hepatitis (CH), and 29 healthy controls.RESULTS: Patients with HCC had significantly higher TPS levels compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05). However, the difference between the HCC and CH groups was not significant (P = 0.18). The sensitivity and specificity of TPS were 73.1% and 71.2%, respectively, with a cutoff value of 164 U/L for HCC diagnosis. TPS had lower discriminatory power compared with AFP (72.1% vs. 79.2%). In addition, TPS had a much lower specificity compared with AFP (89.1%). Combining the cutoff values for serum TPS and AFP levels in a pessimistic prognostic rule increased the sensitivity by 11.6% from 69.2% using serum AFP levels alone, but reduced the diagnostic power by 3.7% to 75.5% due to an 18.9% decrease in specificity to 70.2%.CONCLUSIONS: Using TPS alone offers no advantage over AFP for the diagnosis of HCC in Chinese patients. In conjunction with AFP, TPS reduced the false-negative rate. However, the clinical utility of the combined prognostic rule is limited due to the poor discriminatory power of TPS for HCC and CH. Therefore, the use of serum TPS levels in the detection of HCC is not recommended.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptides', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'ROC Curve', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'alpha-Fetoproteins']
| 10,091,786
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.050.285'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.644'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D12.776.124.790.106.092', 'D12.776.320.525.500', 'D12.776.377.228.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.092', 'D23.101.140.050']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Primary High-Grade Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: High NFêB Expression in Tumor Specimens Distinguishes Patients Who are at Risk for Disease Progression.
|
To investigate the potential prognostic role of NFêB expression in primary high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Patients with primary high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer who received induction and maintenance BCG therapy were retrospectively included. Recurrence and progression were histologically proven. Intensity and extent of immunochemistry were assessed. The final evaluation of the NFêB staining was done by combining intensity and extent as ´´product´´ and expressing it as ´´low NFê expression´´ or ´´high NFêB expression´´. Epidemiological, pathological, clinical parameters and NFêB expression were statistically analyzed for recurrence (REC), progression (PR), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS). NFêB is significantly associated with disease progression (p < 0,001 in univariate analysis and p = 0,001, Odds Ratio = 14,484, 95% Confidence Interval = 3187-65,821 in multivariate analysis), but not with recurrence. The median value of NFêB expression as ´´product´´ is significantly higher for the patients with progression in comparison to patients with recurrence only (p = 0,003) and patients without recurrence or progression (p = 0,001). Patients' age is significantly associated (p = 0,001 in univariate analysis and p = 0,003, Odds Ratio = 1273, 95% Confidence Interval = 1086-1492 in multivariate analysis) with disease recurrence. High NFêB expression in primary high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, treated with postoperative intravesical BCG immunotherapy, could represent an unfavorable prognostic factor.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'NF-kappa B', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 29,081,034
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['E01.789.612'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ca2+-dependent interaction of calcyclin with membrane.
|
The presence of calcyclin in the microsomal fraction of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was detected using polyclonal antibodies. Association of calcyclin with the microsomes depended on the presence of calcium ions in the buffer used for cell fractionation. The interaction of calcylcin with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells microsomes was confirmed in the in vitro conditions by cosedimentation assay using exogenous calcyclin. It was shown that phospholipids extracted from natural membranes and purified phosphatydylserine or phosphatydylcholine were not involved in the binding. Instead, several low molecular weight polypeptides in the Triton X-100 resistant membrane fraction were found to interact with calcyclin.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cell Membrane', 'Egtazic Acid', 'Liposomes', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Microsomes', 'Molecular Weight', 'Octoxynol', 'Phospholipids', 'S100 Calcium Binding Protein A6', 'S100 Proteins']
| 8,645,294
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['C04.557.470.200.200', 'C04.619.169'], ['D12.776.167'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.257', 'D02.241.081.018.269'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.835.540'], ['G02.494'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.660', 'D05.750.741.610', 'D25.720.741.610', 'J01.637.051.720.741.610'], ['D10.570.755'], ['D12.776.157.125.750.532', 'D12.776.167.481'], ['D12.776.157.125.750', 'D12.776.631.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
HIV infection and AIDS in the public health and health care systems: the role of law and litigation.
|
The AIDS Litigation Project has reviewed nearly 600 reported cases involving individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the federal and state courts in the United States between 1991 and 1997. Cases were identified through a federal and 50-state computer and library search. An important subset of litigation relates to HIV/AIDS in the public health and health care systems, since the law affects health care institutions and professionals, patients, and public health policy in America. This subset of HIV/AIDS litigation includes testing and reporting; privacy, the duty to warn, and the right to know; physician standards of care in prevention and treatment; and discrimination and access to health care. In broad terms, the review demonstrates a reliance on voluntary testing and protection of patient privacy through HIV-specific statutes and the common law. Negligence with potential civil and criminal liability has been alleged in cases of erroneous or missed diagnosis of HIV infection. In the first AIDS case to be considered by the Supreme Court, the Court will decide whether patients with asymptomatic HIV infection are protected under the Americans With Disabilities Act. Considerable progress has been made, both socially and legally, during the first 2 decades of the epidemic, but much still needs to be accomplished to protect privacy, prevent discrimination, and promote tolerance.
|
['AIDS Serodiagnosis', 'Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Anonymous Testing', 'Compensation and Redress', 'Confidentiality', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Disabled Persons', 'Disclosure', 'Disease Notification', 'Duty to Warn', 'Federal Government', 'HIV Infections', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Insurance Selection Bias', 'Judicial Role', 'Needle-Exchange Programs', 'Pregnant Women', 'Prisons', 'Public Health', 'United States', 'Voluntary Programs']
| 9,546,571
|
[['E01.370.225.812.735.060', 'E01.370.225.875.408.500', 'E05.200.812.735.060', 'E05.200.875.408.500', 'E05.478.594.760.060'], ['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['E01.370.500.174', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580.174', 'N02.421.726.233.443.221', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500.174', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580.174', 'N06.850.780.500.162'], ['I01.880.604.583.050', 'N03.219.075', 'N03.706.535.125'], ['F04.096.544.335.240', 'I01.880.604.473.650.500', 'I01.880.604.583.080', 'N03.706.437.650.124', 'N03.706.535.230'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['M01.150'], ['F01.829.401.046', 'I01.880.604.583.080.134', 'L01.143.335'], ['E05.318.362', 'N06.850.520.373', 'N06.850.780.200.262'], ['F01.829.401.046.800.200', 'F04.096.544.335.240.270', 'I01.880.604.583.080.134.800.200', 'I01.880.604.583.080.270', 'N03.706.535.230.270'], ['I01.409.137', 'I01.409.418.625', 'N03.540.348.500', 'N03.540.400.750'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.585'], ['I01.880.604.583.474'], ['N02.421.726.708'], ['M01.975.807'], ['I01.880.604.787', 'J03.220.500'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['N04.452.977']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Variability in the growth sustaining capacity of medium batches.
|
Medium batches, analysed in various spontaneous and mitogen induced proliferation assays, revealed heterogeneity in their growth promoting activity. This can critically affect test results and suggests that culture media can be a source of variability and problems in cell culture work. The manufacturers of media should broaden their quality control of medium batches.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Media', 'Female', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL']
| 7,561,143
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mechanism of the kainate-induced intracellular acidification in leech Retzius neurons.
|
We examined the effect of the glutamatergic agonist kainate on the membrane potential, the intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i), the intracellular-free Ca2+ concentration, and on the intracellular pH of Retzius neurons of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, in order to investigate the mechanism responsible for the intracellular acidification caused by glutamatergic stimulation. The recordings were made with Na+- and pH-sensitive microelectrodes and iontophoretically injected Fura-2. Bath application of kainate evoked a marked membrane depolarization, a [Na+]i increase, and an intracellular acidification. The intracellular acidification was unaffected by reversal of the electromotive force for H+, suggesting that an influx of H+ from the interstitial space does not contribute to the acidification. While the Ca2+ channel blockers La3+ and Co2+ had no effect on the kainate-induced intracellular acidification, suggesting that a Ca2+ influx via voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels was not relevant, the acidification was reduced in Ca2+-free saline solution. In Na+-free saline solution the kainate-induced intracellular acidification was absent, suggesting the involvement of Na+ influx in generating the acidification. When injected iontophoretically Na+ induced an intracellular acidification but Li+, K+, Rb+ or Cs+ did not. Furthermore, a [Na+]i increase induced by blocking the Na+/K+ pump also led to an intracellular acidification. We conclude that the [Na+]i increase is the crucial event underlying the kainate-induced intracellular acidification. Possible mechanisms linking the [Na+]i increase to the intracellular acidification are discussed.
|
['Acids', 'Amiloride', 'Animals', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists', 'Ganglia, Invertebrate', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kainic Acid', 'Leeches', 'Neurons', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Sodium']
| 10,196,447
|
[['D01.029'], ['D03.383.679.149'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.200', 'D27.505.696.577.190.200'], ['A08.340.352', 'A13.408'], ['G02.300'], ['D03.383.773.400'], ['B01.050.500.091.426'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The efficacy of using physical factors in patients with generalized periodontitis at a sanatorium-preventorium].
|
Kept under observation by the medical staff were 110 patients with mild or moderately severe generalized parodontitis in a sanatorium-preventorium setting. Depending on the severity of the process in the parodontium tissues the patients were given a differentiated treatment (mouth-baths with a chloridic-sodic mineral water, gum mud poultice applications, low frequency interference currents). Clinical, paraclinical, and laboratory methods were used to asses the studies results effectiveness. The greatest therapeutic benefit occurred in those patients who received a combined treatment with chloridic-sodic mineral water mouth-baths, gum mud poultice applications, and low frequency interference currents.
|
['Adult', 'Chronic Disease', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Health Resorts', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Periodontitis', 'Physical Therapy Modalities']
| 9,784,727
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E02.186'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['N02.278.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C07.465.714.533'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Dental fluorosis and dental caries prevalence in Senegalese children living in a high-fluoride area and consuming a poor fluoridated drinking water].
|
INTRODUCTION: The role of fluoride in dental caries prevention when applied at optimal levels is well established. However, ingestion of excessive fluoride during tooth development can cause structural changes in tooth enamel named fluorosis. At Gandiaye a city situated in the Senegalese endemic fluorosis area, the main water supply provided by a unique drilling with highly fluoridated water has broken down in 1996. Since then, the drinking water comes from wells which have poor levels of fluorides. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and tooth decays in children born and reared continuously at Gandiaye after the stoppage of the drills and who were drinking water well.METHODS: Water samples were collected from two wells and analyzed using a spectrometer and a specific fluoride electrode. The prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis was evaluated according to Dean's method, and the caries experience was measured using the DMF teeth index in 150 children aged from 6 to 8 years.RESULTS: The fluoride levels in the water well were comprised between 0.03 ppm and 0.09 ppm according to the method used. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 39.33% with the predominance of the very low to low fluorosis forms. The tooth decay prevalence was 48.66% and the mean DMF tooth was 0.98. A significant relationship was found between the dental fluorosis and the low caries levels.CONCLUSION: A low to moderate dental fluorosis associated with a significant decrease of caries prevalence was found in children living in a high-fluoride area and consuming poorly fluorided water.
|
['Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Dental Caries', 'Female', 'Fluoridation', 'Fluorosis, Dental', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Senegal']
| 19,626,786
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['E06.761.382', 'N06.890.235'], ['C07.793.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['Z01.058.290.190.710']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Health beliefs and prescription medication compliance among diagnosed hypertension clinic attenders in a rural South African Hospital.
|
This study examines the relationship between health beliefs and the use of both prescribed medication and alternative healing agents among at least one year diagnosed hypertensives attending an hypertension out-patient clinic in a rural South African hospital. The sample included 33 men and 67 women, in the age range of 31 to 81 years, (M=60.7 years, SD=9.8 years). Main outcome measures included causative beliefs, health beliefs, and quality of the health care provider patient interaction. From the 100 patients studied 35% were not compliant with prescription medication. Most patients (almost 80%) had taken something else for their high blood pressure apart from prescription medication, especially those who had been non-compliant with prescription medication. Most popular were the use of home remedies and faith healing, followed by traditional healing and over-the-counter drugs. Non-compliant behaviour was associated with the use of alternative healing agents, the belief of curability of hypertension by traditional and faith healers, perceived benefits and barriers of antihypertensive medication and some items of the quality of the practitioner-patient relationship such as not explaining medical problems. Results are discussed in view of improving culturally sensitive compliance behaviour among hypertensive patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Attitude to Health', 'Female', 'Health Behavior', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Outpatients', 'Patient Compliance', 'Rural Population', 'Self Administration', 'South Africa']
| 15,777,026
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['F01.145.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.643.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['N01.600.725'], ['E02.319.890', 'E02.900.890'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Characteristics of lactate transfer in isolated cardiac myocytes.
|
L-lactate uptake of isolated cardiac myocytes was investigated, since due to different lactate concentrations in the interstitial fluid and vascular space, lactate uptake cannot be studied satisfactorily in whole hearts. Lactate uptake exhibits sigmoidal saturation kinetics. Pyruvate (2.3 mM) inhibits L-lactate uptake at lower lactate concentrations (less than 15 mM) and enhances L-lactate uptake at higher (greater than 25 mM) lactate concentration. L-lactate uptake is increased at lowered pH (7.1) to an extent not explainable by non-ionic diffusion. The results are discussed in terms of a complex L-lactate carrier system which might involve cooperative mechanisms and H+-co- or OH- -countertransport.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Extracellular Space', 'Female', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Lactates', 'Lactic Acid', 'Myocardium', 'Pyruvates', 'Pyruvic Acid', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sarcolemma']
| 3,994,639
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['A11.251'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D02.241.755.812'], ['D02.241.755.812.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A11.284.149.707']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of anxiety in patients awaiting diagnostic procedures in an oncology center in Brazil.
|
OBJECTIVE: Anxiety disorders have been shown to undermine the quality of life of cancer patients. Unfortunately, medical professionals often neglect to screen for anxiety in their patients. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence of anxiety in patients awaiting diagnostic procedures in an oncology center waiting room, and to investigate possible relationships between anxiety and demographic and clinical variables.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 398 patients who completed a self-administered questionnaire containing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).RESULTS: Results of the HADS indicated that 38% of participants had anxiety, while data from the STAI showed that 46% had either high state or trait anxiety. The most frequently cited source of anxiety was concern over test results. Age, gender, employment status, and education level were correlated with anxiety.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of anxiety is high among patients awaiting diagnostic procedures. Patients in the waiting room should be routinely screened for anxiety. Careful assessment and treatment of anxiety are important components in the care of patients with cancer.
|
['Anxiety', 'Brazil', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Personality Inventory', 'Prevalence', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 20,818,599
|
[['F01.470.132'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Sodium nitrite exerts an antihypertensive effect and improves endothelial function through activation of eNOS in the SHR.
|
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) induces relaxation in isolated arteries partly through an endothelium-dependent mechanism involving NO-eNOS-sGC-cGMP pathway. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic NaNO2 administration on arterial systolic blood pressure (SBP) and vascular function in hypertensive rats. NaNO2 (150 mg L-1) was given in drinking water for four weeks to spontaneously (SHR) and Nù-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) treated hypertensive SD rats. Arterial SBP and vascular function in isolated aortae were studied. Total plasma nitrate/nitrite and vascular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were measured using commercially available assay kits. Vascular nitric oxide (NO) levels were evaluated by DAF-FM fluorescence while the proteins involved in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation was determined by Western blotting. NaNO2 treatment reduced SBP, improved the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation, increased plasma total nitrate/nitrite level and vascular tissue NO and cGMP levels in SHR. Furthermore, increased presence of phosphorylated eNOS and Hsp-90 was observed in NaNO2-treated SHR. The beneficial effect of nitrite treatment was not observed in L-NAME treated hypertensive SD rats. The present study provides evidence that chronic treatment of genetically hypertensive rats with NaNO2 improves endothelium-dependent relaxation in addition to its antihypertensive effect, partly through mechanisms involving activation of eNOS.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Aorta', 'Arterial Pressure', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Enzyme Activation', 'HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Nitrates', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Nitrites', 'Phosphorylation', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Rats, Inbred WKY', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sodium Nitrite']
| 27,616,322
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['G09.330.380.076.347'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D12.776.580.216.380'], ['C14.907.489'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['D01.248.497.158.635', 'D01.625.600.600', 'D02.633'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D01.625.600.600.800', 'D01.857.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
How emotional abilities modulate the influence of early life stress on hippocampal functioning.
|
Early life stress (ELS) is known to have considerable influence on brain development, mental health and affective functioning. Previous investigations have shown that alexithymia, a prevalent personality trait associated with difficulties experiencing and verbalizing emotions, is particularly related to ELS. The aim of the present study was to investigate how neural correlates of emotional experiences in alexithymia are altered in the presence and absence of ELS. Therefore, 50 healthy individuals with different levels of alexithymia were matched regarding ELS and investigated with respect to neural correlates of audio-visually induced emotional experiences via functional magnetic resonance imaging. The main finding was that ELS modulated hippocampal responses to pleasant (>neutral) stimuli in high-alexithymic individuals, whereas there was no such modulation in low-alexithymic individuals matched for ELS. Behavioral and psychophysiological results followed a similar pattern. When considered independent of ELS, alexithymia was associated with decreased responses in insula (pleasant > neutral) and temporal pole (unpleasant > neutral). Our results show that the influence of ELS on emotional brain responses seems to be modulated by an individual's degree of alexithymia. Potentially, protective and adverse effects of emotional abilities on brain responses to emotional experiences are discussed.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adult', 'Affective Symptoms', 'Auditory Perception', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Child', 'Child Abuse', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Hippocampus', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neural Pathways', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Visual Perception', 'Young Adult']
| 23,685,776
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.126.100'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.250', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250'], ['F01.470'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.612'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['F02.463.593.932'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Intratester and intertester reliability and validity of measures of innominate bone inclination.
|
Determination of innominate bone inclination in standing is frequently assessed in postural analysis of subjects. Currently, no goniometer for objective assessment of innominate bone inclination in standing is commercially available. The purpose of this study was to determine the intratester and intertester reliability and validity of measures taken with a pelvic inclinometer. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for repeated measures of the pelvic inclinometer fixed to a mechanical model was 0.99. The intertester reliability of using the hand-held pelvic inclinometer to determine inclination on a mechanical model was ICC = 0.99. In measures of 20 male subjects by three testers, the ICC for intertester reliability was 0.95 and the range of ICCs for intratester measures was 0.92-0.96. Measures by the inclinometer had a high degree of reliability compared with the criterion roentgenographic measure, ICC = 0.93. Measurement of the inclination of both left and right innominate bones of a subject required only 2 minutes, indicating clinical applicability.
|
['Adult', 'Bone and Bones', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Observer Variation', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Posture', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 7,920,606
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['G11.427.695'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Quantitative 201Tl SPET imaging in the follow-up of treatment for brain tumour: a sensitive tool for the early identification of response to chemotherapy?
|
The aim of this study was to establish if repeated quantitative 201Tl SPET scanning during follow-up of astrocytoma therapy can provide information that is relevant for clinical management. Sixteen consecutive patients, with histopathologically verified highly malignant astrocytoma, were followed during PCV chemotherapy. Imaging with 201Tl SPET and CT was performed repeatedly over 8-16 weeks until treatment discontinuation, with a maximum follow-up of 74 weeks. Tumour uptake volume (TUV), a measure of metabolically active tumour tissue, was calculated from the SPET images. The reliability of early identification of treatment failure, defined as > 25% tumour volume increase, following one course (week 8) and three courses (week 24) of chemotherapy, was calculated for the two imaging methods. 201Tl SPET positive patients (> 25% tumour volume increase) were compared with 201Tl SPET negative patients in terms of time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) and survival time (ST). The patients were followed with a total of 59 SPET examinations, and treatment was continued for a median 27 weeks (range 16-78 weeks). The comparative reliability of SPET and CT showed the highest sensitivity and accuracy for SPET in the early identification of astrocytoma treatment failure at the week 24 assessment. Patients with positive 201Tl SPET after three courses of chemotherapy had a significantly reduced TTD (P = 0.040) but not significantly reduced ST. Of the ten patients who received concomitant radiation and chemotherapy, five had a small (0-10 ml) TUV at the week 24 assessment. Patients with a TUV > 10 ml at this assessment had a shorter TTD (P = 0.016) and a reduced ST (P = 0.024) compared to patients with a TUV < 10 ml. In conclusion, the assessment of progressive disease by quantitative 201Tl SPET appears to provide information on treatment response, earlier and with a higher reliability than CT. Repeated 201Tl SPET scanning during follow-up of astrocytoma treatment is an alternative tool for the early identification of treatment failure.
|
['Adult', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Astrocytoma', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lomustine', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Procarbazine', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Survival Analysis', 'Thallium Radioisotopes', 'Time Factors', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Vincristine']
| 10,823,328
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.950.594.440', 'D02.654.692.440'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.065.277.727', 'D02.241.223.100.100.655', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.655'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['D01.496.749.900'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800.800'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Expression of an oestrogen receptor-related antigen in human endometrium: a microphotometric study.
|
The expression of an oestrogen receptor-related antigen has been measured by microspectrophotometry in the glandular epithelium and stroma of tissue sections from endometrial biopsies of women administered exogenous replacement of sex steroids because of premature ovarian failure. We have demonstrated that previously dormant endometrium is capable of expressing an antigen related to oestrogen receptors and that its distribution is influenced by the sex steroid environment. Immunohistochemical staining was more intense (P less than 0.001) in the glandular compared to the stromal cells in tissue exposed solely to oestradiol. With the administration of progesterone, the stromal staining intensity increased (P less than 0.0001) and that of the glandular staining decreased (P less than 0.0001). No assumption, however, has been made to infer that colour is stoichiometrically related to the concentration of antigen present. Further validation of immunohistochemical procedures is required because histological localization and measurement of immunohistochemical staining may be straightforward, but its relationship to antigen concentration remains unproven.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Connective Tissue', 'Cytoplasm', 'Endometrium', 'Epithelium', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Microspectrophotometry', 'Primary Ovarian Insufficiency', 'Progesterone', 'Receptors, Estrogen']
| 1,577,925
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['A10.165'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['A10.272'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.196.712.726.300', 'E05.196.867.826.300'], ['C13.351.500.056.630.750', 'C19.391.630.750'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Border disease virus antigens in lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of persistently infected sheep.
|
Biotinylated virus-specific antibodies were used to detect Border disease virus antigen by flow cytometry in the mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood of 15 sheep persistently infected with Border disease virus. The viral antigen was present in 12.86 +/- 4.65% (mean +/- SD) of mononuclear cells (MNC). The percentage of MNC that contained viral antigen was higher in lambs than in adult sheep, with mean rates of 22.68 +/- 5.02% and 11.65 +/- 4.39%, respectively. Depletion methods were used to estimate the distribution of viral antigen in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. The viral antigen was present in T-cells (OvCD5+), B-cells (LCAp220+) and non-T- and non-B-cells. Depletion studies revealed that 5.39 +/- 2.47% of the cells expressing the LCAp220 epitope (B-cells), 23.38 +/- 11.38% of those expressing the OvCD5 epitope (T-cells) and 55.07 +/- 10.93% of those which were neither B- nor T-cells were positive for viral antigen. Most (57.18 +/- 5.41%) of the T-cells containing viral antigen were cytotoxic/suppressor (OvCD8), 25.63 +/- 2.97% were helper (OvCD4) cells and 12.24 +/- 3.21% expressed the gamma/delta (OvWC1) epitope.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Border Disease', 'Border disease virus', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Sheep']
| 7,975,185
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.050.327'], ['C01.925.782.350.675.100', 'C22.836.160'], ['B04.820.578.344.700.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of a repressor form of the Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor TCP16 induces the formation of ectopic meristems.
|
Plants that express a fusion of the Arabidopsis thaliana class I TCP transcription factor TCP16 to the EAR repressor domain develop several phenotypic alterations, including rounder leaves, short petioles and pedicels, and delayed elongation of sepals, petals and anthers. In addition, these plants develop lobed cotyledons and ectopic meristems. Ectopic meristems are formed on the adaxial side of cotyledon petioles and arise from a cleft that is formed at this site. Analysis of the expression of reporter genes indicated that meristem genes are reactivated at the site of emergence of ectopic meristems, located near the bifurcation of cotyledon veins. The plants also show increased transcript levels of the boundary-specific CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) genes. The results suggest that TCP16 is able to modulate the induction of meristematic programs and the differentiation state of plant cells.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cotyledon', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Meristem', 'Plant Cells', 'Plant Shoots', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Transcription Factors']
| 27,404,135
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['G04.152'], ['A18.024.500.750.333', 'A18.024.875.500'], ['G05.308.375'], ['A18.024.875.875', 'A18.024.937.500', 'A18.400.500'], ['A11.750'], ['A18.024.875'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes on carotid atherosclerosis.
|
Atherosclerotic diseases are thought to be less frequent in Asians compared with Caucasians. Unlike Caucasians, nearly half of Asians have a functional deficiency in the low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism, which potentially modifies the prevalence of atherosclerosis. This study examined the associations between ALDH2 genotypes ("typical homo," "hetero" or "atypical homo") and carotid atherosclerosis in 304 Japanese patients. As a measure of carotid atherosclerosis, plaque score (PS) was evaluated by B-mode ultrasonography. Age- and sex-adjusted PS was lower in "atypical homo" genotype patients (2.7 +/- 1.2 [mean +/- standard error], n=21) (p<0.05) and tended to be lower in "hetero" patients (4.5 +/- 0.5, n=116) (p=0.07) compared with "typical homo" patients (5.7 +/- 0.4, n=167). When we controlled for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and alcohol intake, the "atypical homo" genotype was found to be associated with lower PS (beta=-0.13, p<0.05). Based on these findings, the ALDH2 genotypes seem to be associated with the severity of carotid atherosclerosis, potentially modifying the prevalence of atherosclerosis in Asians.
|
['Aged', 'Aldehyde Dehydrogenase', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Echoencephalography', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 14,597,338
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D08.811.682.657.163.249'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['C14'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.260', 'E01.370.350.700.560.260', 'E01.370.350.850.260', 'E01.370.376.537.750.260', 'E05.629.937.260'], ['D02.033.375'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The mcyF gene of the microcystin biosynthetic gene cluster from Microcystis aeruginosa encodes an aspartate racemase.
|
Microcystins are hepatotoxic, non-ribosomal peptides produced by several genera of freshwater cyanobacteria. Among other enzymic activities, in particular those of peptide synthetases and polyketide synthases, microcystin biosynthesis requires racemases that provide D-aspartate and D-glutamate. Here, we report on the cloning, expression and characterization of an open reading frame, mcyF, that is part of the mcy gene cluster involved in microcystin biosynthesis in the Microcystis aeruginosa strain PCC 7806. Conserved amino acid sequence motifs suggest a function of the McyF protein as an aspartate racemase. Heterologous expression of mcyF in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 yielded an active His(6)-tagged protein that was purified to homogeneity by Ni(2+)-nitriloacetate affinity chromatography. The purified recombinant protein racemized in a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-independent manner L-aspartate, but not L-glutamate. Furthermore, we have identified a putative glutamate racemase gene that is located outside the mcy gene cluster in the M. aeruginosa PCC 7806 genome. Whereas homologues of this glutamate racemase gene are present in all the Microcystis strains examined, mcyF could only be detected in microcystin-producing strains.
|
['Amino Acid Isomerases', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'Microcystins', 'Microcystis', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'Peptides, Cyclic', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 12,713,441
|
[['D08.811.399.894.200'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D04.345.566.447', 'D12.644.641.447', 'D23.946.123.574'], ['B03.280.500', 'B03.440.475.100.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['D04.345.566', 'D12.644.641'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The influence of corticosteriods on the normal and papain-treated epiphysial growth plate in the rabbit.
|
Children undergoing continuous corticosteroid therapy become stunted in height. The mechanism of this inhibition of natural growth has been investigated in the lower femoral epiphysial growth plate of young rabbits on daily corticosteroid. The growth plate became narrow: fewer cells in the germinative zone gave rise to short widely-spaced chondrocyte columns, each with a reduced number of mature and hypertrophic cells; the pattern of trabecular bone in the metaphysis was also disturbed. After even small doses these changes develop very rapidly, and therefore impose a threat to the growth of children receiving treatment with corticosteroids.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Animals', 'Calcinosis', 'Child', 'Cushing Syndrome', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Epiphyses', 'Glycosaminoglycans', 'Humans', 'Papain', 'Rabbits']
| 124,739
|
[['D06.472.040'], ['B01.050'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C19.053.800.367'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A02.835.232.251'], ['D09.698.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.585', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Coronary ectasia in familial hypercholesterolemia: histopathologic study regarding matrix metalloproteinases.
|
A 39-year-old male heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patient with marked ectasia over the entire coronary artery tree had been treated with several kinds of lipid-lowering single or combined drug therapies using clofibrate, compactin, cholestyramine, probucol, and pravastatin, and LDL-apheresis. During the 19-year follow-up, he suffered myocardial infarction three times and some of the ectatic coronary segments became enlarged, others narrowed, and one of them occluded in spite of the treatment. At the age of 58, he died after a fourth cardiac attack and subsequent cardiogenic shock. The autopsy indicated that his three coronary arteries showed diffuse ectatic changes and the largest lumen diameter of the left anterior descending artery was 25 mm, of the circumflex artery 12 mm, and of the right coronary artery 13 mm. The ectatic artery wall was not thick and the major part of the lumen was occupied by organized thrombi. Microscopic examinations showed that the larger the diameter of the lumen, the more severe the structural damage of the intima and tunica media and the larger the number of infiltrated cells, including lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. Immunoreactivity against matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP-2 was observed in smooth muscle cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells of the vasa vasorum or neovasculature. MMP-9 immunoreactivity was also localized in intimal foamy macrophages and round cells (macrophages and lymphocytes) of the media and adventitia. MMP-1 increased with the lumen diameter of the ectatic arteries. The ratio of immunoreactivity against both MMP-2 and MMP-9 to that against tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 also increased with the lumen diameter, but it no longer increased when the diameter was over 10 mm. These observations suggest that the MMP-TIMP system appears to play a significant role in the development of coronary ectasia
|
['Adult', 'Anticholesteremic Agents', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Dilatation, Pathologic', 'Humans', 'Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II', 'Lymphocytes', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Metalloendopeptidases', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Plasma Cells', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases']
| 10,619,272
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['C23.300.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.320.565.398.481', 'C18.452.584.500.500.644.475', 'C18.452.648.398.481'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['A11.063.438.725', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562.725', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562.725', 'A15.382.032.438.725', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562.725'], ['D12.776.645.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
MicroRNA-9 mediated the protective effect of ferulic acid on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats.
|
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is prone to cognitive and memory impairments, and there is no effective clinical treatment until now. Ferulic acid (FA) is found within members of the genus Angelica, reportedly shows protective effects on neuronal damage. However, the protective effects of FA on HIBD remains unclear. In this study, using the Morris water maze task, we herein found that the impairment of spatial memory formation in adult rats exposed to HIBD was significantly reversed by FA treatment and the administration of LNA-miR-9. The expression of miRNA-9 was detected by RT-PCR analyses, and the results shown that miRNA-9 was significantly increased in the hippocampus of neonatal rats following HIBD and in the PC12 cells following hypoxic-ischemic injury, while FA and LNA-miR-9 both inhibited the expression of miRNA-9, suggesting that the therapeutic effect of FA was mainly attributed to the inhibition of miRNA-9 expression. Indeed, the silencing of miR-9 by LNA-miR-9 or FA similarly attenuated neuronal damage and cerebral atrophy in the rat hippocampus after HIBD, which was consistent with the restored expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Therefore, our findings indicate that FA treatment may protect against neuronal death through the inhibition of miRNA-9 induction in the rat hippocampus following hypoxic-ischemic damage.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Coumaric Acids', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Hippocampus', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia, Brain', 'Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain', 'MicroRNAs', 'Neurons', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Rats']
| 32,470,970
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D02.241.223.200.210'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G05.308'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.624', 'C23.888.852.079.797'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.716', 'C10.228.140.624.500', 'C14.907.253.092.716', 'C23.888.852.079.797.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Balancing allocation of subjects in biomedical research: a minimization strategy based on ranks.
|
A new method for ensuring the comparability of groups of experimental subjects is proposed. All subjects are ranked on each measured pretreatment variable and differences between groups in the means and the standard deviations of these ranks are minimized by systematically exchanging subjects when those exchanges yield less imbalance between groups. This method was designed for small studies in which pretreatment data from all subjects are known before the start of the experiment. A series of computer simulations suggests that this procedure is effective in balancing groups on several variables although the amount of computer time required becomes excessive as the number of subjects is increased.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Mathematical Computing', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Research Design']
| 3,608,437
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['L01.224.680'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Specific inhibition of mTOR pathway induces anti-proliferative effect and decreases the hormone secretion in cultured pituitary adenoma cells.
|
There are some evidences that pituitary tumors may be sensitive to the anti-proliferative effects of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, while the mechanism and effects remains unclear, it is necessary to find if a specific mTOR inhibition, including the blocking of both mTOR function and expression, generate any effects on pituitary adenoma cells. The object of this study was to examine if specific inhibition of mTOR induced anti-proliferative effect and decreased the GH and PRL hormones secretion in GH3 and MtT/E pituitary adenoma cells by using a kind of mTOR shRNA lentiviral vector. The in vitro experiments results showed mTOR shRNA transfection robustly reduced the GH3 and MtT/E cells viability in all durations (1-6 days) we performed, also specifically decreased both GH and PRL hormones external secretion in GH3 cells. Further results suggested that specific inhibition of mTOR decreased the hormones secretion through anti-proliferation effects on GH3 cells and reducing the hormones synthesis, but not through affecting the process of hormones secretion. Then we used phosphatidic acid (PA), a kind of mTOR activator, to promote the cell proliferation and GH and PRL hormones secretion in GH3 cells while the effects were blocked by mTOR shRNA transfection. In addition, we examined in vitro effects of PA treatment and mTOR shRNA gene transfection on major proteins expressed in the mTOR pathway in GH3 cells, and confirmed that PA treatment significant increased the protein levels of pmTOR, pS6 K and p4EBP1 in the scramble shRNA group, while the increase of protein levels was blocked by mTOR shRNA gene transfection. Moreover, mTOR shRNA gene transfection definitely inhibited the expression of mTOR and reduced the expression of pmTOR, pS6K and p4EBP1 in either PA or no PA treatment groups. These findings indicated that specific inhibition of mTOR pathway induced anti-proliferative effect and decreased the GH and PRL hormones secretion in cultured pituitary adenoma cells, which may be a novel promising and potential treatment modality for patients with secreting or non-secreting pituitary adenomas.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Phosphatidic Acids', 'Pituitary Neoplasms', 'Prolactin', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Rats', 'Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases', 'Signal Transduction', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Time Factors', 'Transfection']
| 26,297,046
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.570.755.375.760'], ['C04.588.322.609', 'C04.588.614.250.195.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.211.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.617.477.600', 'C10.228.140.617.738.675', 'C10.551.240.250.700.500.500', 'C19.344.609', 'C19.700.734'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.862', 'D12.644.360.600', 'D12.776.476.600'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Inhibition and substrate activity of conformationally rigid vigabatrin analogues with gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase.
|
Several cyclopentene GABA analogues were synthesized as conformationally rigid analogues of the epilepsy drug vigabatrin and tested as inhibitors and substrates of gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT). None of these compounds produced time-dependent inhibition. (1R, 4S)-(+)-4-Amino-2-cyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid ((+)-3), (4R)-(-)-4-amino-1-cyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid ((-)-4), and d, l-3-amino-1-cyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid (6) are good substrates. The K(m) and k(cat) values for the latter two compounds are very similar to those of GABA, suggesting that they bind in an orientation similar to that of GABA. The K(m) value for (+)-3 is 24 times lower than that for GABA, although its k(cat) value is only one-fourth that for GABA; nonetheless, it is a better substrate for GABA-AT than is GABA. All of these compounds, as well as the enantiomers of 3 and 4 and d, l-trans-4-amino-2-cyclopentene-1-carboxylic acid (5), are competitive inhibitors of GABA-AT. These results demonstrate the effects of the carboxylate group orientation and the stereochemistry of the amino and carboxylate groups on the substrate activity and inhibitor activity, and this should be important to the future design of inhibitors of GABA-AT.
|
['4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase', 'Amino Acids', 'Amino Acids, Cyclic', 'Cyclopentanes', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Kinetics', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Vigabatrin']
| 10,579,835
|
[['D08.811.913.477.700.200'], ['D12.125'], ['D12.125.072'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.450'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350.900', 'D12.125.190.350.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of the solvent description on the predicted mechanism of SN2 reactions.
|
The influence of the implicit solvent model on transition state structures of two S N2 reactions of biochemical importance is presented. In the considered methyl transfer reaction, we show experimentally that the rate constant in blood serum is about 60% slower than in the aqueous solution and that the implicit solvent model with slightly modified parameters for water captures correctly the energetics of this reaction. With the example of the reaction between 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-thione and ethyl bromoacetate, we show that relative stabilities of the conformationally different transition states depend upon the solvent inclusion strategy.
|
['Acetates', 'Hydrocarbons, Brominated', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Chemical', 'Solvents', 'Triazoles', 'Water']
| 18,781,710
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['D02.455.526.368'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D27.720.844'], ['D03.383.129.799'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Back pain during orthotic treatment of idiopathic scoliosis.
|
The incidence and etiology of back pain during orthotic management of idiopathic scoliosis was determined for 303 patients treated from 1980 through 1990 for a minimum of 1 year. All patients denied back pain before orthotic prescription. Thirty-four (11%) patients reported back pain after institution of brace treatment. A family history of scoliosis (p = 0.014) and vigorous sports activities (p < 0.001) were correlated with pain. Seventeen of 34 patients with pain showed >10 degrees of curve progression during bracing, whereas 67 of 269 patients without pain progressed (p = 0.002). Four patients with pain and 11 without were eventually found to have an underlying pathology (spondylolysis/listhesis). No other underlying pathologies were found. Night pain or a left thoracic curve pattern were not correlated with a serious underlying etiology. Back pain occurring after institution of brace treatment for idiopathic scoliosis is often associated with curve progression and is poorly correlated with a serious underlying pathology.
|
['Back Pain', 'Braces', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Scoliosis']
| 10,088,688
|
[['C23.888.592.612.107'], ['E07.858.442.743.319'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C05.116.900.800.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cesarean childbirth and psychosocial outcomes: a meta-analysis.
|
A comprehensive literature review with meta-analysis examines the differences between vaginal and cesarean delivery on 23 psychosocial outcomes of childbirth. The most robust findings suggest that cesarean mothers, compared with mothers who delivered vaginally, expressed less immediate and long-term satisfaction with the birth, were less likely ever to breast-feed, experienced a much longer time to first interaction with their infants, had less positive reactions to them after birth, and interacted less with them at home. Some differences were also found between unplanned and planned cesarean sections; none were found between birthing methods for maternal confidence for infant caretaking soon after birth, maternal anxiety in the hospital and at home, maternal stress at home, maternal return to work, and continuation of breast-feeding once begun. Implications of these findings for theory, research, and childbirth practice are discussed.
|
['Breast Feeding', 'Cesarean Section', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Family Health', 'Female', 'Fertility', 'Humans', 'Maternal Behavior', 'Mother-Child Relations', 'Mothers', 'Postpartum Period', 'Pregnancy']
| 8,818,678
|
[['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['N01.400.300'], ['G08.686.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.370.215'], ['F01.829.263.370.290.170'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630'], ['G08.686.702'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Lumbar spinal nerve roots imaging using balanced sequence with inversion recovery (IR) pulse].
|
We devised a method for visualizing the distal portion of lumbar spinal nerve roots in the direction of the long axis using a three-dimensional balanced sequence with inversion recovery pulse, and we established the imaging parameters. This pulse sequence was used with the following parameters: 260 mm field of view, 4.8 ms repetition time, 2.4 ms echo time, 90 degree flip angle, 1.5 mm slice thickness (0.75 mm overlap), and low-high radial k-space profile order. We assessed the signal intensity and contrast for the phantom and healthy volunteer images with different inversion times (TI). Moreover, we evaluated this method by using the optimal TI in clinical cases. The optimal TI obtained from the phantom and human studies was 600 ms. In clinical cases, this method with 600 ms of TI provided the best definition in images of abnormal pathway and compression of the lumbar spinal nerve roots. Our imaging method makes it possible to clearly and noninvasively visualize the lumbar spinal nerve roots.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lumbosacral Region', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Spinal Nerve Roots']
| 21,532,245
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.923.176.519'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.671'], ['A08.800.800.720.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Jaundice following bone marrow transplantation. The problem of diagnosis.
|
Jaundice presented a major diagnostic and therapeutic problem in 6 out of 20 patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for severe acute aplastic anaemia or leukaemia in relapse. In the first 2 cases histological features of graft-versus-host disease were demonstrable in the skin but absent in the liver. In the 3rd case B-virus hepatitis was the most likely diagnosis, in the 4th cumulative cytotoxic chemotherapy was incriminated, and in the last 2 cases the jaundice was obstructive. These 6 cases illustrate the varied causation of jaundice in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation, and emphasize that correct diagnosis is essential for rational management.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Child', 'Cholestasis', 'Female', 'Graft vs Host Reaction', 'Hepatitis, Viral, Human', 'Humans', 'Jaundice', 'Male']
| 6,346,522
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C06.130.120.135'], ['G12.875.402'], ['C01.925.440', 'C06.552.380.705'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.429.500', 'C23.888.885.375']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Phosphatidyl choline-mediated inhibition of Streptococcus pneumoniae adherence to type II pneumocytes in vitro.
|
Nearly 80% of the adherence of several strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to A549 lung cells was inhibited by dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), as well as by the following mixtures of lipids: DMPC/globoside, DMPC/asialo GM-1 and DMPC/asialo GM-1/globoside liposomes. Control phosphatidylserine liposomes were ineffective at inhibiting bacterial adherence demonstrating the specificity of the interaction between bacteria and liposomes. FITC-labelled bacteria were shown to adhere directly to silica beads coated with DMPC. The proportion of S. pneumoniae bacteria binding to DMPC-coated beads did not exceed 20% of the bacterial population as shown by the binding isotherm. This clearly demonstrates that only a fraction of the bacterial population (a subpopulation) was capable of binding to the beads. The specificity of bacterial binding to DMPC was further demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance. By this latter technique, the affinity between DMPC and bacteria was shown to be high and substantially non-reversible. Finally, we established that in order to be efficient at inhibiting bacterial binding to A549 cells the average liposome diameter must be greater than approximately 200 nm suggesting that a multivalent attachment of the bacterium to a liposome is required for high affinity binding.
|
['Bacterial Adhesion', 'Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine', 'Glycolipids', 'Humans', 'Liposomes', 'Lung', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Microspheres', 'Phosphatidylserines', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'Surface Plasmon Resonance', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 10,090,853
|
[['G06.099.050'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800.200'], ['D09.400.410', 'D10.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['A04.411'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['E07.565'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.971'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.550', 'B03.510.400.800.872.550', 'B03.510.550.737.872.550'], ['E05.196.890', 'E05.601.043.700'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risks to the children born to mothers with autoimmune diseases.
|
This article reviews current information regarding the development and long-term effects on children born to women with connective tissue diseases. There are few data on specific effects attributed to the underlying maternal disease, but fetal growth restriction and preterm birth are relatively common. Antenatal use of prednisone as treatment for these disorders appears to be safe, and most children have developed normally. However, there is growing concern that prolonged fetal exposure to other glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone or betamethasone may lead to decreased growth and abnormal neuronal development. Low birth weight is reportedly associated with long-term medical complications such as adult-onset hypertension. Evidence also suggests that immunosuppressive agents taken during pregnancy might predispose the progeny to autoimmune disorders, malignancies and reproductive problems. Further research is warranted to determine that there are no unrecognized long-term risks to the offspring of these women.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Female', 'Hematologic Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Small for Gestational Age', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Risk Factors']
| 12,413,061
|
[['D06.472.040'], ['C20.111'], ['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['C04.588.448', 'C15.378.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.560'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Oncolytic adenovirus coding for granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces antitumoral immunity in cancer patients.
|
Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) can mediate antitumor effects by recruiting natural killer cells and by induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cells through antigen-presenting cells. Oncolytic tumor cell-killing can produce a potent costimulatory danger signal and release of tumor epitopes for antigen-presenting cell sampling. Therefore, an oncolytic adenovirus coding for GMCSF was engineered and shown to induce tumor-specific immunity in an immunocompetent syngeneic hamster model. Subsequently, 20 patients with advanced solid tumors refractory to standard therapies were treated with Ad5-D24-GMCSF. Of the 16 radiologically evaluable patients, 2 had complete responses, 1 had a minor response, and 5 had disease stabilization. Responses were frequently seen in injected and noninjected tumors. Treatment was well tolerated and resulted in the induction of both tumor-specific and virus-specific immunity as measured by ELISPOT and pentamer analysis. This is the first time that oncolytic virus-mediated antitumor immunity has been shown in humans. Ad5-D24-GMCSF is promising for further clinical testing.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Cricetinae', 'Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte', 'Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Neoplasms', 'Oncolytic Virotherapy', 'Survivin', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Transfection']
| 20,484,030
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D23.050.550.402'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.350', 'D12.776.395.240.200', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.350', 'D23.529.374.410.240.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.210', 'D12.644.360.075.437', 'D12.776.476.075.437'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['C04'], ['E02.095.601'], ['D12.644.360.075.437.625', 'D12.776.167.576', 'D12.776.220.600.450.495', 'D12.776.476.075.437.625'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Four Habits Coding Scheme: validation of an instrument to assess clinicians' communication behavior.
|
OBJECTIVE: To present preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the Four Habits Coding Scheme (4HCS), an instrument based on a teaching model used widely throughout Kaiser Permanente to improve clinicians' communication skills.METHODS: One hundred videotaped primary care visits were coded using the 4HCS, and the data were assessed against a previously available data set for these visits, including the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS), back channel responses, measures of nonverbal behavior, length of visit, and patients' post-visit assessments.RESULTS: Levels of inter-rater reliability were acceptable, and the distribution of ratings across items indicated that physicians' modal responses varied widely. Correlations between 4HCS ratings, RIAS, back channel responses, and non-verbal measures provided evidence of the instrument's construct validity.CONCLUSIONS: The Four Habits Coding Scheme, an instrument that combines both evaluative and descriptive elements of physician communication behavior and is derived from a conceptually based teaching model, has the potential to be of utility to researchers and evaluators as well as educators and clinicians.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The Four Habits Coding Scheme provides a template for both guiding and measuring physician communication behaviors.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Communication', 'Data Collection', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Empathy', 'Employee Performance Appraisal', 'Female', 'Habits', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Hospitals, General', 'Hospitals, Teaching', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Massachusetts', 'Models, Educational', 'Models, Psychological', 'Nonverbal Communication', 'Observer Variation', "Physician's Role", 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Physicians, Family', 'Professional Competence', 'Psychometrics', 'Verbal Behavior', 'Videotape Recording']
| 15,964,736
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['F01.752.355', 'F01.752.543.500.500'], ['N04.452.677.370'], ['F01.145.466'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['N02.278.421.389'], ['N02.278.020.300', 'N02.278.421.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.550.510'], ['E05.599.545', 'I02.903.302'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F01.145.209.530', 'L01.143.649'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.600'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['M01.526.485.810.770', 'N02.360.810.770'], ['I02.399.630'], ['F04.711.780'], ['F01.145.209.908'], ['J01.897.280.500.846.734', 'J01.897.280.500.898.840', 'L01.178.590.875.840', 'L01.178.820.090.846.734', 'L01.178.820.090.898.840', 'L01.280.940.840', 'L01.280.960.880']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy vs Total Abdominal Hysterectomy on Disease-Free Survival Among Women With Stage I Endometrial Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
|
Importance: Standard treatment for endometrial cancer involves removal of the uterus, tubes, ovaries, and lymph nodes. Few randomized trials have compared disease-free survival outcomes for surgical approaches.Objective: To investigate whether total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is equivalent to total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) in women with treatment-naive endometrial cancer.Design, Setting, and Participants: The Laparoscopic Approach to Cancer of the Endometrium (LACE) trial was a multinational, randomized equivalence trial conducted between October 7, 2005, and June 30, 2010, in which 27 surgeons from 20 tertiary gynecological cancer centers in Australia, New Zealand, and Hong Kong randomized 760 women with stage I endometrioid endometrial cancer to either TLH or TAH. Follow-up ended on March 3, 2016.Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to undergo TAH (n = 353) or TLH (n = 407).Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was disease-free survival, which was measured as the interval between surgery and the date of first recurrence, including disease progression or the development of a new primary cancer or death assessed at 4.5 years after randomization. The prespecified equivalence margin was 7% or less. Secondary outcomes included recurrence of endometrial cancer and overall survival.Results: Patients were followed up for a median of 4.5 years. Of 760 patients who were randomized (mean age, 63 years), 679 (89%) completed the trial. At 4.5 years of follow-up, disease-free survival was 81.3% in the TAH group and 81.6% in the TLH group. The disease-free survival rate difference was 0.3% (favoring TLH; 95% CI, -5.5% to 6.1%; P = .007), meeting criteria for equivalence. There was no statistically significant between-group difference in recurrence of endometrial cancer (28/353 in TAH group [7.9%] vs 33/407 in TLH group [8.1%]; risk difference, 0.2% [95% CI, -3.7% to 4.0%]; P = .93) or in overall survival (24/353 in TAH group [6.8%] vs 30/407 in TLH group [7.4%]; risk difference, 0.6% [95% CI, -3.0% to 4.2%]; P = .76).Conclusions and Relevance: Among women with stage I endometrial cancer, the use of total abdominal hysterectomy compared with total laparoscopic hysterectomy resulted in equivalent disease-free survival at 4.5 years and no difference in overall survival. These findings support the use of laparoscopic hysterectomy for women with stage I endometrial cancer.Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00096408; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: CTRN12606000261516.
|
['Aged', 'Australia', 'Disease Progression', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hong Kong', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Intention to Treat Analysis', 'Laparoscopy', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Seeding', 'Neoplasms, Second Primary', 'New Zealand', 'Time Factors']
| 28,350,928
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['Z01.252.474.164.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500.500'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['C04.697.650.830', 'C23.550.727.650.830'], ['C04.692'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Statin induced myopathy and myalgia: time trend analysis and comparison of risk associated with statin class from 1991-2006.
|
BACKGROUND: Statins are widely used as a cholesterol lowering medication, reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in high risk patients; and only rarely cause serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs). UK primary care databases of morbidity and prescription data, which now cover several million people, have potential for more powerful analytical approaches to study ADRs including adjusting for confounders and examining temporal effects.METHODS: Case-crossover design in detecting statin associated myopathy ADR in 93, 831 patients, using two independent primary care databases (1991-2006). We analysed risk by drug class, by disease code and cumulative year, exploring different cut-off exposure times and confounding by temporality.RESULTS: Using a 12 and 26 week exposure period, large risk ratios (RR) are associated with all classes of statins and fibrates for myopathy: RR 10.6 (9.8-11.4) and 19.9 (17.6-22.6) respectively. At 26 weeks, the largest risks are with fluvastatin RR 33.3 (95% CI 16.8-66.0) and ciprofibrate (with previous statin use) RR 40.5 (95% CI 13.4-122.0). AT 12 weeks the differences between cerivastatin and atorvastatin RR for myopathy were found to be significant, RR 2.05 (95% CI 1.2-3.5), and for rosuvastatin and fluvastatin RR 3.0 (95% CI 1.6-5.7). After 12 months of statin initiation, the relative risk for myopathy for all statins and fibrates increased to 25.7 (95% CI 21.8-30.3). Furthermore, this signal was detected within 2 years of first events being recorded. Our data suggests an annual incidence of statin induced myopathy or myalgia of around 11.4 for 16, 591 patients or 689 per million per year.CONCLUSION: There may be differential risks associated with some classes of statin and fibrate. Myopathy related to statin or fibrate use may persist after a long exposure time (12 months or more). These methods could be applied for early detection of harmful drug side effects, using similar primary care diagnostic and prescribing data.
|
['Adult', 'Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems', 'Aged', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscular Diseases', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'United Kingdom', 'United States']
| 18,575,628
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.337.800.120', 'N02.421.668.320.120'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.651', 'C10.668.491'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Atypical infantile spinomuscular atrophy presenting as acute diaphragmatic paralysis.
|
Two infants with progressive spinomuscular atrophy presented with severe diaphragmatic dysfunction, increasing to 9 the number of cases with this clinically distinctive variant of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease. The anterior horn cell lesion was generalized but was exceptionally severe in the cervical spinal cord of our cases. Fiber size disproportion in serial thigh muscle samples indicated that qualitative neuronal dysfunction preceded appearance of typical denervation. Shoulder girdle muscle biopsy may be more appropriate in these infants, whose prognosis appears to be universally poor.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Anterior Horn Cells', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Male', 'Muscles', 'Muscular Atrophy, Spinal', 'Respiratory Paralysis', 'Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood']
| 3,399,458
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['A08.186.854.729.500', 'A08.675.655.500.050', 'A11.671.655.500.050'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['C10.228.854.468', 'C10.574.562.500', 'C10.668.467.500'], ['C08.618.846.812', 'C10.597.622.812', 'C23.888.592.636.812'], ['C10.228.854.468.800', 'C10.574.500.812', 'C10.574.562.500.750', 'C10.668.467.500.750', 'C16.320.400.765']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Solution structure of omega-conotoxin GVIA using 2-D NMR spectroscopy and relaxation matrix analysis.
|
We report here the solution structure of omega-conotoxin GVIA, a peptide antagonist of the N-type neuronal voltage-sensitive calcium channel. The structure was determined using two-dimensional NMR in combination with distance geometry and restrained molecular dynamics. The full relaxation matrix analysis program MARDIGRAS was used to generate maximum and minimum distance restraints from the crosspeak intensities in NOESY spectra. The 187 restraints obtained were used in conjunction with 23 angle restraints from vicinal coupling constants as input for the structure calculations. The backbones of the best 21 structures match with an average pairwise RMSD of 0.58 A. The structures contain a short segment of triple-stranded beta-sheet involving residues 6-8, 18-21, and 24-27, making this the smallest published peptide structure to contain a triple-stranded beta-sheet. Conotoxins have been shown to be effective neuroprotective agents in animal models of brain ischemia. Our results should aid in the design of novel nonpeptide compounds with potential therapeutic utility.
|
['Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Disulfides', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Peptides', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Software', 'Solutions', 'omega-Conotoxin GVIA']
| 8,338,837
|
[['G02'], ['H01.181.529'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['L01.224.900'], ['D26.776'], ['D20.888.590.162.720.700', 'D23.946.580.590.162.720.700', 'D23.946.833.590.162.720.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mitogenic effect of syngeneic peritoneal fluids and their relation to lymphocyte trapping.
|
Syngeneic peritoneal fluids, i.e. tumor ascitic fluid (TAF); peritoneal exudate fluid (PEF) or normal peritoneal washouts, induce a mitogenic effect in the spleens and lymph nodes of syngeneic animals. Fractions of TAF and PEF of MW less than 1,000 are also effective mitogenic stimulators. The mesenteric lymph nodes, thymus and nonlymphoid tissues, i.e. lung, kidney and liver, are not stimulated. The mitogenic effect peaks at day 3 with a second minor peak at day 7 and disappears by day 9. The mitogenic effect is unrelated to the ability of TAF and PEF to abrogate lymphocyte trapping.
|
['Animals', 'Ascitic Fluid', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic', 'Female', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Lung', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Spleen', 'Thymus Gland', 'Transplantation, Isogeneic']
| 857,419
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.207.119'], ['G12.300'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A03.620'], ['A04.411'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['E04.936.864.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ars scientia mores: science comes to English dentistry in the seventeenth century. 2. Charles Allen's Treatise of 1685/6.
|
The dental historian is fortunate to have Charles Allen and his Treatise of 1685/6. His value lies less in the practical content of the work but more in his knowledge of general and dental anatomy, and in the evidence of an enquiring mind. The author tackles developmental anatomy, physiology and pathology in his chosen subject. Without its unassailable provenance it would be difficult to believe that it was written in the 17th century.
|
['England', 'History of Dentistry', 'History, 17th Century', 'Rare Books']
| 23,470,385
|
[['Z01.542.363.300'], ['K01.400.450'], ['K01.400.504.750'], ['L01.178.682.192.779']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
[Errors and hazards: fatalities through sternal puncture].
|
Iatrogenic cardiac injury due to diagnostic sternal puncture occurred in 5 patients, 2 women and 3 men, aged 14 to 37 years. Four cases ended fataly but 1 patient survived after immediate thoracotomy and suture of the damaged heart. Perforation of the anterior wall of the right ventricle resulting in pericardial tamponade was present in all patients. All fatalities resulted in conviction, under criminal law, of the clinician who carried out the puncture (Paragraph 222 StGB--causing death through negligence).
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Bone Marrow Examination', 'Cardiac Tamponade', 'Female', 'Germany, West', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Injuries', 'Humans', 'Jurisprudence', 'Male', 'Malpractice', 'Pericardium', 'Sternum']
| 4,042,891
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['E01.370.225.625.135', 'E05.200.625.135'], ['C14.280.155'], ['Z01.586.350'], ['A07.541.358'], ['C26.891.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.583', 'N03.706.535'], ['I01.880.604.583.524', 'N03.706.535.606'], ['A07.541.795', 'A10.615.789.470'], ['A02.835.232.570.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Allergy to non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs: recommendations of the Israeli allergy and clinical immunology association].
|
Drug hypersensitivity is an adverse reaction that was brought-about by a specific immunologic response. Some of these reactions are Linked with significant morbidity and mortality. Nowadays, hypersensitivity reactions to most drugs can be well defined and the risk of re-exposure to the culprit drug and/or related drugs can be properly assessed. Medical history, skin, blood and challenge tests, conducted in an allergy clinic, enable the prediction and prevention of repeated events as well as unnecessary avoidance of needed compounds. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID] are the second most prevalent group of drugs that provoke hypersensitivity responses occurring either immediately or later. Immediate type responses to NSAID could be divided into 2 groups, each related to a different mechanism. The most common reaction is not allergic but rather it is mediated by the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase I enzyme pathway. Accordingly, this reaction is not selective to a single chemical compound but rather cross-reacts with other members of this "family" of drugs, depending on their biochemical properties. The clinical distinction between those two subtypes of immediate reaction is hard and sometimes utterly impossible. Moreover, the clinical appearance of an immediate reaction may vary from rhinitis, asthma, new appearance or augmentation of chronic urticaria and up to overt anaphylaxis and death. Furthermore, delayed type reactions may also be life-threatening and typically appear 24 hours and up to days following initiation of therapy. In the current review, we present the recommendations of the Israel Association for Allergy and Clinical Immunology for the evaluation and treatment of patients suspected to suffer from hypersensitivity to NSAIDs.
|
['Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Drug Hypersensitivity', 'Humans', 'Israel', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Societies, Medical']
| 25,518,080
|
[['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['C20.543.206', 'C25.100.468'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['N03.540.828.589']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Visibility of artificial buccal recurrent caries under restorations using different radiographic techniques.
|
The aim of the present study was to assess intraoral images and two cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems for detection of artificial buccal recurrent caries under restorations. Class V cavities were made for composite (30 teeth) and amalgam (30 teeth). Full restorations with thermoplastic polymer (30 teeth) and nickel-chromium metal crown (30 teeth) were constructed. In 60 teeth, artificial buccal recurrent caries were simulated; 60 other teeth served as controls. Intraoral film, intraoral digital, Veraviewepocs 3D, and Kodak 9000 images were scored twice. ê Coefficients were calculated and Az values were compared using Z-tests, with a significance level of á=0.05. Higher interobserver agreement was obtained from the CBCT images compared with the intraoral images. The Az values of both readings of all three observers were highest for the Veraviewepocs 3D followed by Kodak 9000 except for the second reading of the third observer. CBCT outperformed intraoral radiography in detection of artificial buccal recurrent caries under restorations.
|
['Area Under Curve', 'Chromium Alloys', 'Composite Resins', 'Cone-Beam Computed Tomography', 'Crowns', 'Dental Amalgam', 'Dental Caries', 'Dental Cavity Preparation', 'Dental Materials', 'Dental Prosthesis Design', 'Dental Restoration, Permanent', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Methylmethacrylates', 'Observer Variation', 'ROC Curve', 'Radiographic Image Enhancement', 'Radiography, Dental, Digital', 'Recurrence', 'X-Ray Film']
| 22,917,443
|
[['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['D01.220.175', 'D01.552.033.182', 'D25.058.224', 'D25.339.208.224', 'J01.637.051.058.224', 'J01.637.051.339.208.224'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E01.370.350.700.810.810.490', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.399'], ['E06.780.346.250', 'E07.695.190.088'], ['D25.339.208.291', 'J01.637.051.339.208.291'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['E06.931.325'], ['D25.339', 'D27.720.102.339', 'J01.637.051.339'], ['E06.780.346.625', 'E06.912.145'], ['E06.323.428', 'E06.780.346.737', 'E07.695.190.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['D02.241.081.069.800.550', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650.605', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650.605', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650.605'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.700', 'L01.224.308.380.600'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700.690', 'E01.370.350.700.700.690', 'E01.370.350.700.720.720', 'E06.342.764.716'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E07.960']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Defining peritoneal dialysis adequacy: Kt/Vurea revisited.
|
BACKGROUND: Although adequate peritoneal dialysis is not well defined, Kt/Vurea has been used as an index, and various values have been proposed. However, conflicting evidence existed regarding the appropriateness of using Kt/Vurea to define dialysis adequacy and its optimal value. Therefore, the present study performed a theoretical analysis on whether we should use Kt/Vurea to define peritoneal dialysis adequacy and what the optimal value should be.METHODS: The three-pore model was applied to evaluate the transport patterns of different molecular weight solutes and fluid. Optimal Kt/Vurea value was estimated based on urea kinetics and nitrogen balance.RESULTS: The removal pattern of small solute, middle and large molecules, and fluid and sodium are quite different. Depending on the dwell time, higher urea removal does not necessarily mean higher sodium, fluid, and other molecular weight solute removals. To reach nitrogen balance, the dialysis doses and therefore Kt/Vurea values varied with different dietary protein intakes in a patient with a given weight and residual renal function.CONCLUSION: This study shows that Kt/Vurea in peritoneal dialysis cannot represent the removal of other solutes and fluid, indicating that Kt/Vurea alone should not be used as a sole indicator of peritoneal dialysis adequacy. The results also show that optimal Kt/Vurea cannot be a fixed value, but varies according to individual dietary protein intake and tolerable blood urea level.
|
['Biological Transport', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Urea Nitrogen', 'Dialysis Solutions', 'Dietary Proteins', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Glucose', 'Hemodiafiltration', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Mathematical Computing', 'Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory', 'Sodium', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urea', 'Uremia']
| 17,497,450
|
[['G03.143'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.115', 'E01.370.390.400.100', 'E05.200.124.100.115'], ['D26.776.708.322', 'D27.505.954.578.483', 'D27.720.752.483'], ['D12.776.256', 'G07.203.300.428', 'J02.500.428'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['E02.870.300.200', 'E02.912.800.200', 'E04.292.471.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['L01.224.680'], ['E02.760.106.500', 'E02.870.300.650.500', 'E02.912.800.650.500', 'N02.421.585.106.500'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D02.065.950'], ['C12.777.419.936', 'C13.351.968.419.936']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Changes in the prevalence of comorbidity in the Australian population with cancer, 2007-2014.
|
BACKGROUND: Coexistence of multiple chronic diseases is highly prevalent among the cancer population. This study aims to assess changes in the prevalence of chronic conditions among the population with cancer compared to the Australian general population between 2007 and 2014.METHODS: Data from three successive National Health Surveys conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics between 2007 and 2014 were utilized. Comparisons were made between the samples of the Australian population aged 25 years and above with a history of cancer and those respondents who did not report having had a cancer using logistics regression models.RESULTS: People with a history of cancer had significantly higher odds of reporting non-infectious comorbidity compared to the non-cancer groups across the three surveys. There were no significant changes in the prevalence of diseases affecting circulatory, musculoskeletal, digestive, nervous system, blood and blood forming organs, eye, skin and infectious and parasitic diseases over time among the population with cancer. The prevalence of mental and behavioural problems, endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and diseases of respiratory and genitourinary system has increased over time among the cancer survivors.CONCLUSION: Comorbidity is more prevalent among the cancer population than the general population without cancer. The prevalence of comorbidity was fairly stable for most but not all comorbidities in the population with cancer over the eight-year study period. Further studies on the impacts of coordinated care models for the management of multi-morbidity experienced by cancer survivors that align with the 'National Strategic Framework for Chronic Conditions' are needed.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Australia', 'Chronic Disease', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Prevalence']
| 29,597,133
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Risk factors for protracted postoperative length of stay after lower extremity bypass for critical limb ischemia.
|
BACKGROUND: Compared with other common chronic conditions, admissions for management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are associated with prolonged hospitalizations. Length of stay (LOS) is one of many metrics receiving increased attention in the current focus on efficient healthcare delivery. Our objective was to characterize LOS among patients with severe PAD, those undergoing surgical bypass for critical limb ischemia (CLI), and identify risk factors for protracted postoperative LOS.METHODS: Patient data from the 2007 to 2009 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were used to develop a database consisting of patients undergoing bypass surgery for CLI (n = 4,894). Protracted postoperative LOS was defined as the top quartile of days hospitalized from surgery to discharge. Preoperative risk factors with significant association (Pearson chi-squared test; P < 0.05) were used to develop a logistic regression model for protracted postoperative LOS.RESULTS: Average postoperative LOS was 7.5 days (median 6 days). The top quartile of postoperative LOS, >8 days, was used to define protracted LOS. Independent preoperative risk factors for protracted postoperative LOS included demographic characteristics (advanced age and non-Caucasian race), comorbidities, and medical history (e.g., obesity, dialysis dependence, severe cardiac and pulmonary disease, and bleeding disorders). Indicators of PAD severity (e.g., distal target sites, open wounds or gangrene, and prior arterial surgery) were also independent predictors of protracted LOS after surgery. The greatest predictors of extended postoperative LOS were prolonged preoperative hospitalization (OR 2.2 [95% CI: 1.8-2.6], P < 0.001) and preoperative dependent functional status (OR 2.0 [95% CI: 1.7-2.3], P < 0.001 for partial dependence; OR 2.8 [95% CI: 1.8-4.3], P < 0.001 for totally dependent status), where OR and CI stand for odds ratio and confidence interval.CONCLUSIONS: Here, we identify preoperative risk factors for protracted postoperative LOS after infrainguinal bypass for CLI. These findings provide an important evidence basis for ongoing efforts to reduce healthcare spending and facilitate provision of efficient health care. Future efforts will include prospective identification of patients at high risk for protracted postoperative LOS and targeted multidisciplinary efforts to reduce associated costs without sacrificing healthcare quality.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Critical Illness', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ischemia', 'Length of Stay', 'Logistic Models', 'Lower Extremity', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Odds Ratio', 'Patient Discharge', 'Peripheral Arterial Disease', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States', 'Vascular Grafting']
| 24,517,986
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['C23.550.291.625'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.513'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['A01.378.610'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E02.760.169.125', 'E02.760.400.610', 'N02.421.585.169.125', 'N02.421.585.400.610', 'N04.590.233.727.210.125'], ['C14.907.137.126.307.500', 'C14.907.617.671'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['E04.100.814.868']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Circannual variations of plasma testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin in Klinefelter's syndrome.
|
To clarify the influence of primary testicular failure upon circannual hormone rhythmicity we have been studying, by cross-sectional design, 93 adult patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) and 64 adult healthy males to look for evidence of circannual rhythms in testosterone (T), LH, FSH and PRL plasma concentrations. Plasma samples were taken from 08.00 to 09.00 h and all hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay. The data were assessed by the single cosinor method in order to obtain evidence for any significant rhythm and to estimate its parameters mesor, amplitude and acrophase. In the controls, annual rhythms were validated for the secretion of T (annual crest time in September), LH (annual crest time in February) and FSH (annual crest time in January), whereas PRL did not show a significant annual rhythm. In KS, significant circannual rhythms were validated for the secretion of T (annual crest time in April) and FSH (annual crest time in September), but not for LH and PRL secretion. Our results suggest that in KS the circannual hormone rhythmicity may be influenced by seminiferous tubule dysgenesis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Hormones', 'Humans', 'Klinefelter Syndrome', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Male', 'Prolactin', 'Seasons', 'Testosterone']
| 3,081,826
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['D06.472', 'D27.505.696.399.472'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.706.316.795.500', 'C13.351.875.253.795.500', 'C16.131.260.830.835.500', 'C16.131.939.316.795.500', 'C16.320.180.830.835.500', 'C19.391.119.795.500', 'C19.391.482.629'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A Systematic Structure-Activity Study of a New Type of Small Peptidic Transfection Vector Reveals the Importance of a Special Oxo-Anion-Binding Motif for Gene Delivery.
|
We discovered a new class of artificial peptidic transfection vectors based on an artificial anion-binding motif, the guanidiniocarbonylpyrrole (GCP) cation. This new type of vector is surprisingly smaller than traditional systems, and our previous work suggested that the GCP group was important for promoting critical endosomal escape. We now present here a systematic comparison of similar DNA ligands featuring our GCP oxo-anion-binding motif with DNA ligands only consisting of naturally occurring amino acids. Structure-activity studies showed that the artificial binding motif clearly outperformed natural amino acids such as histidine, lysine, and arginine. It improved the ability to shuttle foreign genetic material into cells, yet successfully mediated endosomal escape. Also, plasmids that were complexed by our artificial ligands were stabilized against cytosolic degradation to some extent. This resulted in the successful expression of plasmid information (comparable to gold standards such as polyethyleneimine). Hence, our study clearly demonstrates the importance of the tailor-made GCP anion-binding site for efficient gene transfection.
|
['Anions', 'Genes', 'Guanidine', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Molecular Structure', 'Peptides', 'Pyrroles', 'Transfection']
| 28,914,486
|
[['D01.248.497.158'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['D02.078.370.472'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D12.644'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Purification and characterization of the seven cyanogen bromide fragments of human serum transferrin.
|
1. Procedures are described for the isolation of seven distinct cyanogen bromide fragments in high yield from human serum transferrin. 2. Cyanogen bromide-cleaved transferrin is separated into three fragments (CN-A, CN-B and CN-C) by gel filtration with Sephadex G-100. 3. Four peptides are obtained from CN-A (the largest fragment) after reduction and carboxamidomethylation, by gel filtration in acidic solvents. Two peptides are similarly obtained from fragment CN-B, whereas fragment CN-C is a single cystine-free peptide. 4. The molecular weights of the seven peptides, as determined by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, by sedimentation-equilibrium ultracentrifugation and by sequence studies, range from 3100 to 27000. Together they account for a molecular weight of 76200 for transferrin. 5. The two largest fragments contain the carbohydrate attachment sites of the protein, and the smallest fragment is derived from the N-terminus. 6. The amino acid compositions and N-terminal groups of the fragments are reported and the results compared with those of previous investigations.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acids', 'Centrifugation, Density Gradient', 'Cyanogen Bromide', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Humans', 'Molecular Weight', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Transferrin']
| 4,463,940
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.125'], ['E05.181.724.336', 'E05.196.941.336'], ['D01.139.300.050.100', 'D01.625.175'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.776.124.050.800', 'D12.776.124.790.223.839', 'D12.776.157.427.750.500', 'D12.776.377.715.182.839', 'D12.776.556.579.750.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Variability in biochemical components of the mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) cultured after Prestige oil spill.
|
The biochemical composition (proteins, carbohydrates, glycogen, total lipids and lipid classes) of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was investigated during an experimental culture using mussel seed from areas with different degree of exposure to the Prestige oil spill. The aim of the study was to identify alterations in the biochemical composition of mussel seed from natural populations commonly used in Galicia for mussel raft culture that might be linked to previous oil exposure. We have selected three mussel seed populations from Pindo, Miranda and Redes, that were characterised in a previous study according to the oil exposure three months after the spill. These populations were transplanted to a raft culture system in the R?a de Ares-Betanzos where our experimental culture followed standard commercial techniques from March 2003 to February 2004. Mussels from Pindo (characterised as the most affected area by the oil spill) showed marked differences in lipid composition with regard to other populations in the content of triacylglycerols, (P<0.001), free fatty acids (P<0.001) and phospholipids (P<0.05) at the onset of the culture. Although these differences in lipid composition might reflect their previous exposition to hydrocarbons, this pattern did not last longer most likely due to depuration of hydrocarbons stored in the tissues or by the development of certain tolerance to PAHs. These significant differences were not detected between Miranda (designed as hardly affected area) and Redes (designed as reference area) which may reflect that Miranda mussels were not affected or only hardly affected by the spill. With the exception of the onset of the culture, biochemical composition showed similar patterns in all mussel populations. Then, the fact of being cultured in a common environment seemed to be more responsible for the long-term variability in the energetic reserve than the origin of the populations or their previous biochemical status.
|
['Animals', 'Fatty Acids, Nonesterified', 'Lipids', 'Mytilus', 'Petroleum', 'Phospholipids', 'Seasons', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 17,360,242
|
[['B01.050'], ['D10.251.310'], ['D10'], ['B01.050.500.644.080.537.500'], ['D20.345.630', 'N06.230.132.258.630'], ['D10.570.755'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Sedation versus general anesthesia in pediatric endoscopy].
|
Upper endoscopy was performed in 567 patients: 237 under general anesthesia, 261 in intravenous sedation with midazolam and etomidat (mean dosage 0.26 mg/kg bodyweight), 69 without any premedication. In these many patients defended strongly and some investigations have to been interrupted. On the other hand general anaesthesia needed much more time and personnel and produced more costs. In our experience sedation with midazolam and etomidat is most comfortable for patient and endoscopist and the time needed is shorter than in general anaesthesia. Therefore we recommend this method even in therapeutic endoscopy, except only in sclerotherapy of esophageal varices.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Conscious Sedation', 'Endoscopy, Digestive System', 'Etomidate', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Midazolam']
| 8,350,588
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E03.155.197'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E03.250'], ['E01.370.372.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250', 'E04.210.240', 'E04.502.250.250'], ['D03.383.129.308.265'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.575']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Intracellular ATP in a glucosephosphate isomerase mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
The degree of ATP depletion caused by glucose in a glucosephosphate isomerase-deficient strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was determined. Even in the presence of a sugar normally fermentable by the mutant, the addition of glucose can decrease the intracellular ATP, depending on the competition of the sugars for transport and subsequent phosphorylation. For both parent and mutant cells, a correlation exists between the calculated velocity of ATP formation or ATP consumption during the utilization of different concentrations of sugars and the experimental intracellular ATP level. For initially resting yeast cells, a rate increase of 35 mumol per min per g ATP was calculated to increase the intracellular level of this nucleotide by 1 mumol per g cell mass.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Carbohydrate Metabolism', 'Glucose', 'Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase', 'Mutation', 'Phosphorylation', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']
| 3,519,387
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['G02.111.158', 'G03.191'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D08.811.399.475.200.350'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Constitutive expression of heat shock proteins 70 and 90 in rat cerebellum.
|
Exposure to heat shock and other stressful conditions activates in cells of all organisms a specific genetic program. This enhances the synthesis of proteins with a protective role against cellular damage, called heat shock proteins (hsps). Furthermore, in the mammalian nervous system, a considerable amount of hsps is also synthesized under normal conditions suggesting that they play an important role in the metabolism of unstressed cells. In this study we analysed the constitutive expression of proteins belonging to the hsp70 and hsp90 family in the rat cerebellum using immunocytochemistry with specific monoclonal antibodies. Our results showed that an intense immunostaining was evident, but was restricted in certain distinct cerebellar areas only, while no differences in the distribution of the two hsps were found. The strongest response was detected in the Purkinje neurons but deep cerebellar nuclei were also positive. In no case glial cells were found to be reactive for hsps despite their strong response for specific markers like glial fibrillary acid protein (astrocytes) and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (oligodendrocytes). These data indicate that both the hsp70 and hsp90 family have fundamental physiological functions in cerebellar neurons while they seem to play only a minor role in the metabolism of glial cells.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cerebellar Nuclei', 'Cerebellum', 'Female', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Purkinje Cells', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 9,271,705
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200.337'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['D12.776.580.216.375'], ['D12.776.580.216.380'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200.212.600', 'A08.675.784', 'A11.671.784'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Carbon nanotubes exert basic excitatory enhancement in rat brain slices.
|
Carbon nanotubes are promising new tools in biomedicine but they may have yet some unknown influences on the organism. In the present study, the acute effect of solubilized, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on basic neuronal functions was examined. Rat brain slices were treated in vitro with nanotube-containing colloid solutions at concentrations of 100-800 ìg/ml and evoked field potentials were recorded from the somatosensory cortex and hippocampus. Basic excitability of the treated slices was characterized by the amplitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) and population spikes. Experimental results indicated significantly higher excitability of treated samples than that of controls. Multiple components in evoked potentials were observed, which is in accordance with the increased excitability of investigated brain areas. Tests of short- and long-term plasticity were also performed, which revealed no difference between control and treated slices. Experimental results suggest an interaction between nanotubes and brain tissue. MWCNTs seem to act on the basic membrane potential of neurons by changing membrane properties or via a mechanism linked to voltage-gated ion channels, rather than influencing specific synaptic transmission. Further investigation is needed to clarify the nature of interactions between nanotubes and brain tissue.
|
['Animals', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Hippocampus', 'Ion Channel Gating', 'Ion Channels', 'Male', 'Microdissection', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Neurons', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Somatosensory Cortex', 'Synaptic Potentials']
| 23,739,883
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['G02.111.820.400', 'G04.835.400', 'G07.265.625'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.520', 'E01.370.225.750.600.520', 'E01.370.225.998.221.580', 'E04.221.580', 'E05.200.500.620.265', 'E05.200.750.600.520', 'E05.200.998.221.580', 'E05.591.560'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['G11.561.638'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670.675', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.906'], ['G04.580.887', 'G07.265.675.887', 'G07.265.880.750', 'G11.561.570.918', 'G11.561.830.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exercise-induced changes of functional mitral regurgitation in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
|
It has remained unclear why functional mitral regurgitation (MR), even if it is of a mild degree, has prognostic importance in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). Exercise-induced changes in functional MR, which might be a clue to this question, have not been fully clarified. Thus, in this study, semisupine exercise echocardiography was performed on 32 asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with IDC (29 men, mean age 45 +/- 14 years). The mean ejection fraction was 28 +/- 10% (range 13% to 45%). The effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) area of MR was measured, as well as echocardiographic parameters including mitral valve geometry. ERO at rest was associated best with systolic mitral tenting area (r(S) = 0.85, p <0.001). Functional MR did not newly appear during exercise in 9 subjects without MR at rest. In the remaining 23 subjects with functional MR at rest, all showed exacerbations of MR, with a median ERO of 10.5 mm(2) (interquartile range 6.3 to 16.5) to 18.7 mm(2) (interquartile range 9.5 to 29.3) (p <0.001). An increase in ERO was correlated best with the enlargement of tenting area (r(S) = 0.90, p <0.001) and was the strongest independent determinant of exercise duration (beta = -0.55, p = 0.002, multiple R(2) = 0.46). In conclusion, functional MR complicated with IDC was significantly exacerbated during exercise, with mitral valve deformation, which was strongly related to exercise intolerance; thus, the clinical impact of functional MR in patients with IDC could be more serious than can be expected by its degree at rest.
|
['Cardiomyopathy, Dilated', 'Echocardiography, Doppler, Color', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Test', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitral Valve', 'Mitral Valve Insufficiency', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Stroke Volume', 'Systole', 'Time Factors']
| 18,678,310
|
[['C14.280.195.160', 'C14.280.238.070', 'C16.320.488.750'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220.220'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['G11.427.680.270'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.541.510.507'], ['C14.280.484.461'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882'], ['G09.330.580.880', 'G11.427.494.570.880'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bonding of lithium-disilicate ceramic to enamel and dentin using orthotropic fiber-reinforced composite at the interface.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of orthotropic fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) at the interface on bonding of lithium-disilicate ceramic to dentin and enamel using different adhesive systems.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Dentin and enamel surfaces were ground occlusally on human molar teeth. Ceramic blocks of IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar-Vivadent) were fabricated. Following acid etching and silane treatment of the ceramics, the teeth were divided into two groups (dentin and enamel). Ceramic blocks were bonded to the tooth substance with or without a layer of FRC and dual-polymerizing composite cement (Duolink). Total-etching (etchant (Etch 37) with adhesive (One Step Plus)) and self-etching (self-priming etchant (Tyrian SPE) with adhesive (One Step Plus)) systems were used, with five test specimens in each group. The cement was polymerized with a LED curing unit (Elipar Freelight LED 2) with standard mode of 40 s. The specimens were thermocycled for 6000 cycles and tested with the microtensile tester at a rate of 5 mm/min. Fracture mode analyses were done by light microscope and with SEM. The data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).RESULTS: ANOVA showed that enamel had statistically significant (p<0.001) higher bond strength values than dentin. Bond strength values were significantly higher (p=0.012) with the total-etching system than with the self-etching system. The existence of FRC also had a minor effect on bond strength values (p=0.013).CONCLUSIONS: The enamel and total-etching system provided more reliable bonding than dentin and the self-etching system. Use of an FRC layer at the interface did not improve bond strength values, but instead changed fracture pattern behavior.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aluminum Silicates', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Dental Bonding', 'Dental Enamel', 'Dental Etching', 'Dental Materials', 'Dental Porcelain', 'Dental Restoration Failure', 'Dentin', 'Dentin-Bonding Agents', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Humans', 'Tensile Strength']
| 16,945,895
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D01.056.050.075', 'D01.578.725.025', 'D01.650.550.050.075', 'D01.837.725.700.760.050'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E06.095'], ['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['E06.931.475'], ['D25.339', 'D27.720.102.339', 'J01.637.051.339'], ['D25.339.376', 'J01.637.051.339.376', 'J01.637.153.377'], ['E06.323.400', 'E06.780.346.725'], ['A14.549.167.900.280'], ['D25.339.291.300', 'J01.637.051.339.291.300'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical and demographic aspects of congenital pyloric stenosis in Israel.
|
A survey was made of 292 infants with congenital pyloric stenosis, diagnosed between 1967 and 1977 in seven hospitals in Israel. The incidence of the condition was estimated as 0.05 per 100 livebirths, and was higher among males, especially firstborn males. The incidence was higher among Oriental Jews than was thought, although the prevalence was higher among Ashkenazic Jews. The features of projectile vomiting, a pyloric olive and visible peristalsis were studied and their clinical and diagnostic significance was compared with that of radiological investigations. Concomitant anomalies and postoperative complications found in this series are presented. The efficacy of surgical treatment is emphasized.
|
['Birth Order', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Israel', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Pyloric Stenosis', 'Sex Factors']
| 7,429,809
|
[['F01.829.263.132', 'I01.240.361.160', 'N01.224.361.160', 'N06.850.505.400.400.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C23.550.505'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C06.405.748.340.690'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Adenosine receptors enhance the ATP-induced odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells.
|
Purinergic signaling regulates various biological processes through the activation of adenosine receptors (ARs) and P2 receptors. ATP induces the odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) via P2 receptors. However, there is no information available about the roles of ARs in HDPC odontoblastic differentiation induced by ATP. Here, we found that HDPCs treated with ATP showed higher activity of ADORA1 (A1R), ADORA2B (A2BR), and ADORA3 (A3R). Inhibition of A1R and A2BR attenuated ATP-induced odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs, whereas activation of the two receptors enhanced the odontoblastic differentiation induced by ATP. However, activation of ARs by adenosine did not induce the odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs independently without induction of ATP. Our study indicates a positive role for ARs in ATP-induced odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs, and demonstrates that ATP-induced odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs may be due to the combined administration of ARs and P2 receptors. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of pulpal injury repair induced by ATP.
|
['Adenosine', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dental Pulp', 'Humans', 'Odontoblasts', 'Receptors, Purinergic P1']
| 29,454,963
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['A14.549.167.900.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.329.522'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700.700', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (Cyfra 21.1) as a prognostic biomarker in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.
|
Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) account for up to 85% of thyroid cancers and generally display an excellent prognosis. However, in a minority of cases, DTC progress toward less differentiated phenotypes leading to distant metastases and even disease-related deaths. Circulating biomarkers are warranted to complement the gold standard DTC marker thyroglobulin (Tg) in identifying and monitoring such cases. We measured serum Tg and Cyfra 21.1 6 to 12 months after primary treatment in 473 DTC patients. A complete response of Tg was related to an excellent outcome in all cases. Among patients with incomplete Tg response Cyfra 21.1 levels <2.07 ng/mL were associated to favorable outcome while higher levels greatly increased the risk of disease related recurrences and deaths. Both markers retained independent prognostic values in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, Cyfra 21.1 is a tool available to independently predict survival of DTC patients not achieving excellent response after primary treatment.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Keratin-19', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Thyroglobulin', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Young Adult']
| 28,779,086
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.050.285'], ['D23.101.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['D05.750.078.593.450.300.900', 'D12.776.220.475.450.300.900', 'D12.776.860.607.300.900'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.612'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.776.377.856', 'D12.776.395.768', 'D12.776.486.706'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A first in man, phase I dose-escalation study of PHA-793887, an inhibitor of multiple cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK2, 1 and 4) reveals unexpected hepatotoxicity in patients with solid tumors.
|
BACKGROUND: PHA-793887 is an inhibitor of multiple cyclin dependent kinases (CDK) with activity against CDK2, CDK1 and CDK4. The primary objectives of this first in man study were to determine the dose limiting toxicities (DLTs), maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose of PHA-793887.RESULTS: Although toxicity was acceptable at initial dose levels, PHA-793887 was poorly tolerated at doses ?44 mg/m2. The most frequent events across all dose levels were gastrointestinal or nervous system events. DLTs were experienced by two of three patients at the dose level of 66 mg/m2, and by three of nine patients at the dose level of 44 mg/m2. In all but one patient the DLT was hepatotoxicity; fatal hepatorenal failure was seen in one patient treated at the 44 mg/ m2 dose level. There were no objective responses, but disease stabilization was observed in five patients. Over the dose range investigated, pharmacokinetic studies showed that systemic exposure to PHA-793887 increased with the dose and was time-independent. The study terminated after the enrolment of 19 patients due to the severe hepatic toxicity.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cohorts of three to six patients were treated at doses of 11, 22, 44 and 66 mg/m2 of PHA-793887 administered as 1-hour intravenous infusion on days 1, 8 and 15 in a 4-week cycle. Safety and pharmacokinetics were investigated.CONCLUSION: PHA-793887 induces severe, dose-related hepatic toxicity, which was not predicted by pre-clinical models and currently precludes its further clinical development.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'CDC2 Protein Kinase', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinases', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Pyrazoles', 'Pyrroles']
| 21,368,575
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.500.250', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.984.500', 'D12.644.360.250.067.249', 'D12.644.360.250.580.500', 'D12.776.167.200.067.249', 'D12.776.167.200.580.500', 'D12.776.476.250.067.249', 'D12.776.476.250.580.500', 'D12.776.744.360'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.750', 'D12.644.360.250.323', 'D12.776.167.200.323', 'D12.776.476.250.323'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.875', 'D12.644.360.250.451', 'D12.776.167.200.451', 'D12.776.476.250.451'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500', 'D12.644.360.250', 'D12.776.167.200', 'D12.776.476.250'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['D03.383.129.578']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Association of leptin with poor ovarian stimulation during in vitro fertilization.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether serum leptin levels are predictive of in vitrofertilization (IVF) outcome.STUDY DESIGN: A nested, case-control study was performed on patients undergo-formed on patients undergoing IVF. Ovarian stimulation was performed with a set protocol. At the conclusion of the stimulation, patients were divided into 2 groups, poor stimulator (PS) and high stimulator (HS), based on the number of follicles seen on ultrasound. The PS group contained patients with < 12 follicles > 13 mm in diameter; the HS group contained patients with > or = 12 follicles > 13 mm. Blood from the start of the cycle in which human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was administered was assayed for leptin and estradiol. The number of follicles obtained, number of oocytes retrieved, quality of the oocytes and quality of the embryos were calculated. Mean leptin and estradiol levels were compared using Student's t test. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationship between leptin and the other outcome variables.RESULTS: Mean leptin levels (+/- SEM) at the start of the cycle (21.5 +/- 2.9 ng/dL for PS and 34.6 +/- 14.0 ng/dL for HS) and on the day of hCG (53.2 +/- 5.37 ng/dL for PS and 50.4 +/- 9.1 ng/dL for HS) were not significantly different.CONCLUSION: Leptin levels obtained at the start of stimulation or on the day of hCG administration are not predictive of IVF outcome.
|
['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Humans', 'Infertility', 'Leptin', 'Ovulation Induction', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Risk Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,971,485
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.365', 'C13.351.500.365'], ['D06.472.699.042.500', 'D12.644.276.024.500', 'D12.644.548.011.500', 'D12.776.467.024.500', 'D23.529.024.500'], ['E02.875.800.984', 'E05.820.800.984'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Single Molecule DNA Resensing Using a Two-Pore Device.
|
A nanofluidic device is presented that, enables independent sensing and resensing of a single DNA molecule translocating through two nanopores with sub-micrometer spacing. The device concept is based upon integrating a thin nitride membrane with microchannels etched in borosilicate glass. Pores, coupled to each microchannel, are connected via a fluid-filled half-space on the device backside, enabling translocation of molecules across each pore in sequence. Critically, this approach allows for independent application of control voltage and measurement of trans-pore ionic current at each of the two pores, leading to 1) controlled assessment of molecular time of flight, 2) voltage-tuned selective molecule recapture, and 3) ability to acquire two correlated translocation signatures for each molecule analyzed. Finally, the rare cocapture of a single chain threading simultaneously through each of the two pores is reported.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'DNA', 'Nanotechnology']
| 30,334,362
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['D13.444.308'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of T-cell-dependent and -independent antigens of Rickettsia conorii with monoclonal antibodies.
|
Four monoclonal antibodies from euthymic mice and two monoclonal antibodies from athymic mice were directed against antigens of Rickettsia conorii, as shown by both indirect immunofluorescence and an enzyme immunoassay. There was extensive cross-reactivity with other spotted fever group rickettsiae. Euthymic monoclonal antibodies 3-2 and 9-2 (immunoglobulin G2a [IgG2a]) and 27-10 (IgG1) distinctly outlined the acetone-fixed rickettsial surface, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence; only monoclonal antibody 3-2 reacted with the intact rickettsial surface, as determined by colloidal gold-protein A negative-stain electron microscopy. Athymic monoclonal antibodies 32-2 and 35-3 (IgM) and euthymic monoclonal antibody 31-15 (IgG3) all demonstrated an irregular, extrarickettsial morphology, as determined by immunofluorescence, and ultrastructural cell wall blebs that were readily shed from the rickettsial surface. Monoclonal antibody 3-2, the only antibody to confer protection in lethally challenged mice, reacted with a high-molecular-weight protein in Western immunoblots. Monoclonal antibodies 31-15, 32-2, and 35-3 reacted with a "ladder" of proteinase K-resistant, lipopolysaccharidelike antigens. None of the monoclonal antibodies stabilized the ultrastructural rickettsial slime layer, but both athymic and euthymic polyclonal antibodies to R. conorii did. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of the production of monoclonal antibodies to R. conorii and their use for antigenic analysis.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Antigens, T-Independent', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Nude', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Molecular Weight', 'Neutralization Tests', 'Rickettsia', 'Species Specificity']
| 3,793,235
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.100'], ['D23.050.161'], ['D23.050.324'], ['D12.776.097'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['G02.494'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.550', 'E05.200.812.735.550', 'E05.478.594.760.550'], ['B03.660.050.783.875.650.650'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anaemia and depression before and after birth: a cohort study based on linked population data.
|
BACKGROUND: To investigate the rates of hospitalisation for anaemia and depression in women in the six-year period (3 years before and after birth). To compare hospital admissions for depression in women with and without anaemia.METHODS: This is a population-based cohort study. Women's birth records (New South Wales (NSW) Perinatal Data Collection) were linked with NSW Admitted Patients Data Collection records between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2010, so that hospital admissions for mothers could be traced back for 3 years before birth and followed up 3 years after birth.SETTING: NSW Australia.SUBJECTS: all women who gave birth to their first child in NSW between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2008.RESULTS: Hospital admissions for both anaemia and depression were increased significantly in the year just before and after birth compared with the years before and after. Women with anaemia were more likely to be admitted to hospital for depression than those without (for principal diagnosis of depression, adjusted OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.25-2.11; for all diagnosis of depression, adjusted OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.70-2.38).CONCLUSIONS: Depression was associated with anaemia in women before and after birth. This finding highlight the important role of primary care providers in assessing for both anaemia and depressive symptomatology together, given the relationship between the two. Treating or preventing anaemia may help to prevent postnatal depression.
|
['Adult', 'Anemia', 'Australia', 'Cohort Studies', 'Comorbidity', 'Depression', 'Depression, Postpartum', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Needs Assessment', 'Perinatal Care', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Preventive Health Services', 'Primary Health Care']
| 30,005,598
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C15.378.071'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['C13.703.844.253', 'F03.600.300.350'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.594', 'N03.349.380.565', 'N05.300.537'], ['E02.760.703', 'N02.421.088.120.180', 'N02.421.143.620.550', 'N02.421.585.703'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['N02.421.726'], ['N04.590.233.727']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Response to initial treatment of multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis: an important prognostic indicator.
|
BACKGROUND: Reliable prediction of prognosis allowing risk-adapted therapy remains a major issue in the management of multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). In a recent publication of the International LCH Study Group, response to initial therapy appears to be a reliable outcome predictor. The aim of this study is to test this observation in a cohort of patients treated with more intensive initial therapy. Furthermore, we compare the predictive value of response to initial therapy to some other well-established stratification systems.PROCEDURE: Response to initial combination chemotherapy (prednisolone, vinblastine, and etoposide) at 6 weeks and its prognostic value was evaluated retrospectively in 63 patients with multisystem LCH from the DAL-HX 83 and 90 Studies, and correlated to some established scoring systems from the literature.RESULTS: After 6 weeks of therapy, 50/63 (79%) patients qualified as responders, 4/63 (7%) patients showed intermediate response, and 9/63 (14%) patients did not respond. Probability of survival at 5 years was 0.94 +/- 0.03 for responders, 0.75 +/- 0.22 for patients with intermediate response, and only 0.11 +/- 0.10 for non-responders.CONCLUSIONS: Response to initial therapy appears to be a reliable prognostic predictor. Compared to the published international LCH-I Study, our results suggest that more intensive initial treatment allows a better discrimination between responders and non-responders. This allows to identify a subgroup of patients with extremely poor prognosis (mortality rate 90%) relatively early in the disease course.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Etoposide', 'Female', 'Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Prednisolone', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Vinblastine']
| 12,376,981
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['C08.381.483.375', 'C15.604.250.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.650', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.650', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Independent and incremental value of ventilation/perfusion PET/CT and CT pulmonary angiography for pulmonary embolism diagnosis: results of the PECAN pilot study.
|
PURPOSE: This pilot study assessed the independent and incremental value of 68Ga-V/Q PET/CT as compared with CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for the management of cancer patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism (PE).METHODS: All 24 cancer patients with suspected acute PE prospectively recruited underwent both 68Ga-V/Q PET/CT and CTPA within 24 h. PET/CT was acquired after inhalation of Galligas prepared using a Technegas generator and administration of 68Ga-macroaggregated albumin. Initially, PET/CT and CTPA scans were read independently with the reader blinded to the results of the other imaging study. CTPA and PET/CT were then coregistered and reviewed by consensus between a radiologist and nuclear medicine physician. The therapeutic management was established by the managing physician based on all available data.RESULTS: The diagnostic conclusion was concordantly negative in 18 patients (75%). Of the six discordant diagnoses on independent reading, combined interpretation of V/Q PET/CTPA enabled a consensus conclusion in two patients, excluding PE in one and confirming PE in the other, similar to the initial diagnostic conclusion of the V/Q PET/CT. Of the remaining four patients, three had a single subsegmental thrombus on CTPA but a negative V/Q PET/CT scan, and two of these did not receive long-term anticoagulation and did not have a venous thromboembolic event during a 3-year follow-up period. The third patient, along with a patient with a positive V/Q PET/CT scan but a negative CTPA scan, presented with acute complications preventing any conclusions with regard to the appropriateness of the V/Q PET/CT results in the management of PE. Overall, V/Q PET had an impact on management in four patients (17%).CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, we demonstrated the feasibility and potential utility of V/Q PET/CT for the management of patients with suspected PE. V/Q PET/CT may be of particular relevance in patients with equivocal findings or isolated subsegmental findings on CTPA, adding further discriminatory information to allow important decision-making regarding the use or withholding of anticoagulation. Given the other advantages of V/Q PET/CT (reduced acquisition time, low radiation dose), and with the increasing availability of 68Ga generators, PET/CT is a potential replacement for V/Q SPECT/CT imaging.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Computed Tomography Angiography', 'Female', 'Gallium Radioisotopes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Perfusion Imaging', 'Pilot Projects', 'Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Radiopharmaceuticals']
| 31,044,265
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.350.350.810.335', 'E01.370.350.567.250', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.335', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.335', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.568', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.499'], ['D01.268.556.289.500.400', 'D01.496.360.400', 'D01.496.749.360', 'D01.552.544.289.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.710.600', 'E01.370.384.730.354'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700.500', 'E01.370.350.350.810.645', 'E01.370.350.567.500', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.490', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.645', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.723', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.700', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399.500'], ['C08.381.746', 'C14.907.355.350.700'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Anisometropia can only be detected by a monocular vision examination].
|
In recent years the Eye Department at Aalborg University Hospital has had many referrals of older children with severe amblyopia due to anisometropia. Anisometropia is not visible, thus a monocular vision examination is needed in order to detect it. Early detection increases the possibilities for a better post treatment visual acuity. Recent studies indicate positive treatment response also in older children, and some older individuals respond dramatically. Currently it is not possible to predict who will respond, and therefore treatment should be offered despite the age of the child if the child and parents are motivated for it.
|
['Amblyopia', 'Anisometropia', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Early Diagnosis', 'Humans', 'Sensory Deprivation', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vision, Monocular', 'Visual Acuity']
| 25,292,002
|
[['C10.228.140.055', 'C10.597.751.941.073', 'C11.966.073', 'C23.888.592.763.941.073'], ['C11.744.126'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.696'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['F02.463.593.932.893'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Two-dimensional core-softened model with water like properties: Monte Carlo and integral equation study.
|
Monte Carlo simulations and integral equation theory were used to study the thermodynamics and structure of particles interacting through the smooth version of Stell-Hemmer interaction. We checked the possibility that a fluid with a core-softened potential reproduces anomalies of liquid water such as the density anomaly, the minimum in the isothermal compressibility as a function of temperature, and others. Critical points of the fluid were also determined. We showed that a potential with two characteristic distances is sufficient for the system to exhibit water-like behavior and anomalies, including the famous density maximum. We also showed that some versions of the integral equation theory completely fail to predict structure of such system, while others only predict it qualitatively.
|
['Models, Molecular', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Water']
| 24,182,057
|
[['E05.599.595'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Unexpected detection of dystrophin gene deletions by array comparative genomic hybridization.
|
Array comparative genomic hybridization has increasingly become the standard of care to evaluate patients for genomic imbalance. As the patient population evaluated by microarray expands, there is certain to be an increase in the detection of unexpected, yet common diseases. When array results predict a late-onset disorder or cancer predisposition, it becomes a challenge for physicians and counselors to adequately address with patients. Included in this study were three patients described with nonspecific phenotypic findings who underwent microarray testing to better define their disease etiology. An unexpected deletion within the dystrophin gene was observed in each case, despite that no patient was suspected of a dystrophinopathy at the time of testing. The patients included an 8-day-old male with a dystrophin deletion predictive of Becker muscular dystrophy, an 18-month old female found to be the carrier of deletion, and a 4-year-8-month-old male with a deletion predictive of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In this circumstance it becomes difficult to counsel the family, as well as to predict disease course when underlying medical conditions may exist. However, early detection may enable the patient to receive proactive treatment, and allows for screening of at-risk family members. Ultimately, it is up to the clinician to promote informed decision-making within the family prior to testing, and ensure that adequate counseling is provided during follow-up.
|
['Age of Onset', 'Child, Preschool', 'Comparative Genomic Hybridization', 'Dystrophin', 'Family', 'Female', 'Gene Deletion', 'Genetic Counseling', 'Genetic Testing', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne']
| 20,683,981
|
[['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.393.285.240', 'E05.393.520.500', 'E05.393.661.187'], ['D12.776.210.500.250', 'D12.776.220.250', 'D12.776.543.250'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500.384', 'N02.421.308.400'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C05.651.534.500.300', 'C10.668.491.175.500.300', 'C16.320.322.562', 'C16.320.577.300']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
New treatment of cerebral vasospasm with Fluosol-DA 20%: protective effect on cerebral ischemia and change of cerebral blood flow (CBF).
|
It was found that Fluosol-DA 20% relieves human acute cerebral ischemia resulting from vasospasm in 62% of the cases. However, several problems were encountered during the investigation. The efficacy of the solution was temporary, that is, within 24 hours. This is considered logical because perfluorochemical particles are eliminated fairly rapidly from the circulating blood. Successive administrations should be necessary until cerebral vasospasm is remitted. Another problem is that it is not clear whether the doses of the solution given in this study (10 ml/kg/day) are sufficient or not, since the depth of the cerebral ischemia is considered to vary depending on the case. It might be necessary to change the volume of the solution given in accordance with the depth of the ischemia of each patient.
|
['Blood Substitutes', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Drug Combinations', 'Fluorocarbons', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient']
| 6,878,374
|
[['D27.505.954.502.140', 'J01.637.087.249'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['D26.310'], ['D02.455.526.510.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.301.915.500', 'D09.698.365.855.500'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effective 2D-3D medical image registration using Support Vector Machine.
|
Registration of pre-operative 3D volume dataset and intra-operative 2D images gradually becomes an important technique to assist radiologists in diagnosing complicated diseases easily and quickly. In this paper, we proposed a novel 2D/3D registration framework based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) to compensate the disadvantages of generating large number of DRR images in the stage of intra-operation. Estimated similarity metric distribution could be built up from the relationship between parameters of transform and prior sparse target metric values by means of SVR method. Based on which, global optimal parameters of transform are finally searched out by an optimizer in order to guide 3D volume dataset to match intra-operative 2D image. Experiments reveal that our proposed registration method improved performance compared to conventional registration method and also provided a precise registration result efficiently.
|
['Algorithms', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Subtraction Technique']
| 19,163,935
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['L01.399.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.760']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Metabolism, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of [14C]tigecycline, a first-in-class glycylcycline antibiotic, after intravenous infusion to healthy male subjects.
|
Tigecycline, a novel, first-in-class glycylcycline antibiotic, has been approved for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections and complicated skin and skin structure infections. The pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and excretion of [(14)C]tigecycline were examined in healthy male volunteers. Tigecycline has been shown to bind to bone; thus, to minimize the amount of radioactivity binding to bone and to maximize the recovery of radioactivity, tigecycline was administered intravenously (30-min infusion) as a single 100-mg dose, followed by six 50-mg doses, every 12 h, with the last dose being [(14)C]tigecycline (50 microCi). After the final dose, the pharmacokinetics of tigecycline in serum showed a long half-life (55.8 h) and a large volume of distribution (21.0 l/kg), whereas radioactivity in serum had a shorter half-life (6.9 h) and a smaller volume of distribution (3.3 l/kg). The major route of elimination was feces, containing 59% of the radioactive dose, whereas urine contained 32%. Unchanged tigecycline was the predominant drug-related compound in serum, urine, and feces. The major metabolic pathways identified were glucuronidation of tigecycline and amide hydrolysis followed by N-acetylation to form N-acetyl-9-aminominocycline. The glucuronide metabolites accounted for 5 to 20% of serum radioactivity, and approximately 9% of the dose was excreted as glucuronide conjugates within 48 h. Concentrations of N-acetyl-9-aminominocycline were approximately 6.5% and 11% of the tigecycline concentrations in serum and urine, respectively. Excretion of unchanged tigecycline into feces was the primary route of elimination, and the secondary elimination pathways were renal excretion of unchanged drug and metabolism to glucuronide conjugates and N-acetyl-9-aminominocycline.
|
['Acetylation', 'Adult', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Area Under Curve', 'Biotransformation', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Feces', 'Glucuronides', 'Half-Life', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Minocycline', 'Tigecycline']
| 17,537,869
|
[['G02.111.012.052', 'G02.607.063.052', 'G03.040.052'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['G03.171', 'G03.787.225', 'G07.690.725.225'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A12.459'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.162.500', 'D02.241.152.811.162.750', 'D02.241.511.902.915.162.750', 'D09.811.922.162.750'], ['G01.910.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.550', 'D04.615.562.900.550'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.937', 'D04.615.562.900.937']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Improvement of Balance Stability in Older Individuals by On-Water Training.
|
In the present investigation we evaluated the effect of stand-up paddle practice on upright postural control in older individuals. Participants were assigned to a group practicing stand-up paddle on seawater or to a walking control group. Balance stability was evaluated in the tandem Romberg and tiptoes postures, comparing the conditions of eyes open versus closed. Results showed that stand-up paddle practice led to reduced anteroposterior and mediolateral amplitudes of body sway in both visual conditions, while walking led to no effect on balance. These results suggest that the challenge of keeping body balance on an unstable board during on-water stand-up paddle practice is transferred to postural tasks performed on a stable support surface, with generalization to sensory and biomechanical conditions different from those experienced during the training. Our results suggest that on-water balance training could be considered as a potential procedure to improve balance control in older adults.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postural Balance', 'Walking', 'Water', 'Water Sports']
| 28,657,810
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['I03.450.642.845.945']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
General practitioners leaving rural practice in Western Victoria.
|
The West Vic Division of General Practice, working with the Department of General Practice, The University of Queensland conducted a qualitative study of GPs who had left western Victoria over the previous 10 years to examine issues relating to the decision to leave rural practice. This study was conducted as part of a project to explore the role of rural Divisions in assisting with general practitioner recruitment and retention. The study supported the conclusions of a similar study in North Queensland and proposed a model that regards rural retention as an interplay of influences both positive and negative with acute trigger factors that can precipitate the decision to leave. Conflict and dissatisfaction with aspects of rural GP hospital work appeared to be a relatively frequent trigger factor that is immediately amenable to intervention from Divisions of general practice and through improvement in negotiation and conflict resolution skills for rural general practitioners.
|
['Conflict, Psychological', 'Family Practice', 'Humans', 'Negotiating', 'Personnel Turnover', 'Physicians, Family', 'Private Practice', 'Rural Health Services', 'Victoria', 'Workforce']
| 11,111,421
|
[['F01.658.209'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.520', 'F01.829.401.520', 'F02.463.785.373.520', 'L01.143.620', 'N04.452.677.430'], ['N04.452.677.680'], ['M01.526.485.810.770', 'N02.360.810.770'], ['N04.452.758.745'], ['N02.421.816'], ['Z01.639.100.992', 'Z01.678.100.373.992'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The CCCH-type transcription factor BnZFP1 is a positive regulator to control oleic acid levels through the expression of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 gene in Brassica napus.
|
In China, the high-oleic acid rapeseed has an oil content of ?42% and oleic acid (18:1) content of ?80%. Compared to ordinary rapeseed, high-oleic acid rapeseed has higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and lower levels of saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and thus is of high nutritional and health value. In addition, high-oleic acid rapeseed oil imparts cardiovascular protective effects. Based on these properties, high-oleic acid oil crops have been extensively investigated and cultivated. We previously identified a CCCH-type transcription factor (BnZFP1, GenBank accession number XM_013796508) that is associated with high oleic acid traits from a Brassica napus subtractive hybridization library. In the present study, we overexpressed and silenced the BnZFP1 gene of B. napus. BnZFP1-overexpressing plants exhibited an 18.8% increase in oleic acid levels and a 3.8% increase in oil content. However, BNZFP1-silenced plants showed a 4.5% decrease in oleic acid levels, whereas no significant change in oil content was observed. Microarray and pull-down assays indicated that BnZFP1 has a total of thirty potential target genes. Further analysis and validation of one of the potential target genes, namely, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferases 1 (DGAT1) gene, indicated that it is positively regulated by BnZFP1. We also observed a correlation between elevated DGAT1 gene expression levels and higher oil content and oleic acid levels in rapeseed.
|
['Biosynthetic Pathways', 'Brassica napus', 'Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Plant', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Oleic Acid', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic']
| 30,340,175
|
[['G02.111.098', 'G03.493.100'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.200.249'], ['D08.811.913.050.387'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['G03.458'], ['D10.251.355.325.600.525'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biosorption of As(V) from aqueous solutions by living cells of Bacillus cereus.
|
In this work, the biosorption of As(V) from aqueous solutions by living cells of Bacillus cereus has been reported. The batch biosorption experiments were conducted with respect to biosorbent dosage 0.5 to 15 g/L, pH 2 to 9, contact time 5 to 90 min, initial concentration 1 to 10 mg/L and temperature 10 to 40 °C. The maximum biosorption capacity of B. cereus for As(V) was found to be 30.04 at pH 7.0, at optimum conditions of contact time of 30 min, biomass dosage of 6 g/L, and temperature of 30 ± 2 °C. Biosorption data were fitted to linearly transformed Langmuir isotherms with R(2) (correlation coefficient) >0.99. Bacillus cereus cell surface was characterized using AFM and FTIR. The metal ions were desorbed from B. cereus using both 1 M HCl and 1 M HNO(3). The pseudo-second-order model was successfully applied to predict the rate constant of biosorption.
|
['Arsenic', 'Bacillus cereus', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Solutions', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 22,907,454
|
[['D01.268.513.249'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.252', 'B03.353.500.100.218.252', 'B03.510.100.100.218.252', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.252', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.252'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['D26.776'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Human BRCA1-associated breast cancer: no increase in numerical chromosomal instability compared to sporadic tumors.
|
BRCA1 is a major gatekeeper of genomic stability. Acting in multiple central processes like double-strand break repair, centrosome replication, and checkpoint control, BRCA1 participates in maintaining genomic integrity and protects the cell against genomic instability. Chromosomal instability (CIN) as part of genomic instability is an inherent characteristic of most solid tumors and is also involved in breast cancer development. In this study, we determined the extent of CIN in 32 breast cancer tumors of women with a BRCA1 germline mutation compared to 62 unselected breast cancers. We applied fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with centromere-specific probes for the chromosomes 1, 7, 8, 10, 17, and X and locus-specific probes for 3q27 (BCL6), 5p15.2 (D5S23), 5q31 (EGR1), 10q23.3 (PTEN), and 14q32 (IGH@) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue microarray sections. Our hypothesis of an increased level of CIN in BRCA1-associated breast cancer could not be confirmed by this approach. Surprisingly, we detected no significant difference in the extent of CIN in BRCA1-mutated versus sporadic tumors. The only exception was the CIN value for chromosome 1. Here, the extent of CIN was slightly higher in the group of sporadic tumors.
|
['BRCA1 Protein', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Chromosomal Instability', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8', 'Chromosomes, Human, X', 'Female', 'Germ-Line Mutation', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Tissue Array Analysis']
| 22,024,613
|
[['D12.776.313.125', 'D12.776.624.776.100', 'D12.776.660.100', 'D12.776.744.100', 'D12.776.930.137'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C23.550.210.110', 'C23.550.362.180', 'G05.365.590.175.165', 'G05.370.180'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.235.240', 'G05.360.162.520.300.235.240'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.350', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.350'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.425', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.425'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.335', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.335'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.340', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.340'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.680', 'A11.284.187.865.982.500', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.680', 'G05.360.162.865.982.500'], ['G05.365.590.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['E05.588.570.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Process and outcome quality in giant cell tumor in relation to surgical management].
|
Giant-cell bone tumors display a locally aggressive growth pattern, frequently recur if no adjuvant treatment is given, and may potentially metastasize. By virtue of their biological behavior and typically juxta-articular localization, giant-cell bone tumors require specific surgical management. Thus, an intralesional tumor excision must be supplemented by adjuvant bone cementing, possibly combined with instillation of phenol or cryotherapy. These combined treatment modalities assure a high-quality procedure, defined as the actual way medical care is delivered, by promoting the quality of the outcome, defined as the effect of a medical procedure on the patient's state of health.
|
['Adult', 'Bone Cements', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Cryosurgery', 'Female', 'Giant Cell Tumor of Bone', 'Humans', 'Methylmethacrylates', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Osseointegration', 'Phenol', 'Phenols', 'Pregnancy', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Radiography', 'Therapeutic Irrigation', 'Tibia']
| 9,340,780
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D05.750.716.822.300', 'D25.720.716.822.300', 'D27.720.102.158', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.300'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['E02.186'], ['E04.014.180'], ['C04.557.450.565.380.380', 'C04.557.450.565.575.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.081.069.800.550', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650.605', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650.605', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650.605'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['G11.427.213.140.570', 'G16.762.150.150.570'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.595'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E02.779.492.500', 'E02.831.535.492.500', 'E05.927'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Is being breastfed as an infant associated with adult pulmonary function?
|
OBJECTIVE: Breastfeeding reduces the risk of asthma and respiratory infections in infants. Since respiratory infections are associated with reduced pulmonary function in adolescents, pulmonary function impairment may be carried into adulthood. Our aim was to determine whether a history of having been breastfed as an infant is a determinant of adult pulmonary function.METHODS: We analyzed data from a general population sample of residents of Erie and Niagara Counties between September 1995 and December 1999. We calculated forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) and forced vital capacity (FVC) prediction equations and used multiple linear regression models to study the association between having been breastfed as an infant and percentage predicted FEV(1) (FEV(1)%) and percentage predicted FVC (FVC%) after adjustment for covariates.RESULTS: Of 2305 subjects, 62% reported having been breastfed. After controlling for age, gender, weight, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, eosinophil counts and dietary factors, there was no association between having been breastfed (yes/no) and FEV(1)% or FVC% (regression coefficients 0.0049, p = 0.46 and 0.0055, p = 0.43, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: We did not find a strong or consistent association between having been breastfed as an infant and pulmonary function in adulthood.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anthropometry', 'Breast Feeding', 'Canada', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Flow Rates', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Linear Models', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Vital Capacity']
| 16,192,256
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.225', 'G09.772.650.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['A04.411'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900', 'G09.772.850.970']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Identification and characterization of SnrA, an inducible oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium TA1535.
|
The biological activity of many nitrosubstituted compounds, many of which are produced commercially or have been identified as environmental contaminants, is dependent on metabolic activation catalyzed by nitroreductases. In the current study, we have cloned a nitroreductase gene, Salmonella typhimurium nitroreductase A (snrA), from S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain TA1535, and characterized the purified gene product. SnrA is 240 amino acids in length and shares 87% sequence identity to the Escherichia coli homolog, E. coli nitroreductase A (NfsA). SnrA is the major nitroreductase in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain TA1535 and catalyzes nitroreduction through a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism in a NADPH and flavine mononucleotide (FMN) dependent manner. SnrA exhibits extremely low levels of FMN reductase activity but the nitroreductase activity of SnrA is competitively inhibited by exogenously added FMN. Treatment of TA1535 with paraquat resulted in induction of nitroreductase activity, suggesting that SnrA is a member of the S. enterica serovar Typhimurium SoxRS regulon associated with cellular defense against oxidative damage. Examination of the microbial genomes databases shows that SnrA homologs are widely distributed in the microbial world, being present in isolates of both Archea and Eubacteria. Southern hybridization and PCR failed to detect the snrA gene in the closely related S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain TA1538. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains TA1535 and TA1538 and their derivatives are commonly used in mutagenicity testing. Differences in metabolic capacity between these two strains may have implications for the interpretation of mutagenicity data.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'FMN Reductase', 'Flavin Mononucleotide', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenicity Tests', 'NADP', 'Nitroreductases', 'Paraquat', 'Salmonella typhi', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 12,379,462
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D08.811.682.662.171'], ['D03.633.100.733.315.650.500', 'D03.633.300.507.650.500', 'D08.211.474.650.500', 'D13.695.827.349', 'D23.767.405.650.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.560', 'E05.940.560'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.749', 'D08.211.625', 'D13.695.667.138.749', 'D13.695.827.068.749'], ['D08.811.682.655'], ['D03.383.725.762.621'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.800', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.750'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparing eye movements during position tracking and identity tracking: No evidence for separate systems.
|
There is an ongoing debate as to whether people track multiple moving objects in a serial fashion or with a parallel mechanism. One recent study compared eye movements when observers tracked identical objects (Multiple Object Tracking-MOT task) versus when they tracked the identities of different objects (Multiple Identity Tracking-MIT task). Distinct eye-movement patterns were found and attributed to two separate tracking systems. However, the same results could be caused by differences in the stimuli viewed during tracking. In the present study, object identities in the MIT task were invisible during tracking, so observers performed MOT and MIT tasks with identical stimuli. Observer were able to track either position and identity depending on the task. There was no difference in eye movements between position tracking and identity tracking. This result suggests that, while observers can use different eye-movement strategies in MOT and MIT, it is not necessary.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attention', 'Eye Movements', 'Female', 'Fixation, Ocular', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motion Perception', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Pupil', 'Visual Perception', 'Young Adult']
| 29,159,571
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['G11.427.410.140', 'G14.350'], ['G14.350.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.932.567'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['A09.371.060.450.780', 'A09.371.894.513.780'], ['F02.463.593.932'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Anti-influenza virus activity of propolis in vitro and its efficacy against influenza infection in mice.
|
BACKGROUND: Propolis has been used worldwide as a dietary supplement to maintain and improve human health. We examined whether ethanol extracts of Brazilian propolis exhibit antiviral activity against influenza virus in vitro and in vivo.METHODS: Among 13 ethanol extracts screened in a plaque reduction assay, four showed anti-influenza virus activity. The anti-influenza efficacy of the four extracts was further examined in a murine influenza virus infection model. The mice were infected intranasally with influenza virus, and the four extracts were orally administered at 10 mg/kg three times daily for seven successive days after infection.RESULTS: In this infection model, only one extract, AF-08, was significantly effective at 10 mg/kg in reducing the body weight loss of infected mice. The doses of 2 and 10 mg/kg were also effective in prolonging the survival times of infected mice significantly, but 0.4 mg/kg was not. The anti-influenza efficacy of AF-08 at 10 mg/kg was confirmed in a dose-dependent manner in mice. AF-08 at 10 mg/kg significantly reduced virus yields in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of lungs in infected mice as compared with the control. The reduction of virus yields by AF-08 at 10 mg/kg significantly corresponded to those induced by oseltamivir at 1 mg/kg twice daily from day 1 to day 4 after infection.CONCLUSION: The Brazilian propolis AF-08 was indicated to possess anti-influenza virus activity and to ameliorate influenza symptoms in mice. AF-08 may be a possible candidate for an anti-influenza dietary supplement for humans.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Brazil', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Female', 'Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype', 'Lung', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Orthomyxoviridae Infections', 'Oseltamivir', 'Propolis', 'Viral Load', 'Viral Plaque Assay', 'Weight Loss']
| 18,610,553
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.214'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['C01.925.782.620'], ['D02.065.064.525', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.500'], ['D05.750.078.840.762', 'D20.215.721.500.762'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850'], ['E01.370.225.875.970.790', 'E05.200.875.970.790'], ['C23.888.144.243.963', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.963']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
A guide for using NIH Image J for single slice cross-sectional area and composition analysis of the thigh from computed tomography.
|
Reports using computed tomography (CT) to estimate thigh skeletal muscle cross-sectional area and mean muscle attenuation are often difficult to evaluate due to inconsistent methods of quantification and/or poorly described analysis methods. This CT tutorial provides step-by-step instructions in using free, NIH Image J software to quantify both muscle size and composition in the mid-thigh, which was validated against a robust commercially available software, SliceOmatic. CT scans of the mid-thigh were analyzed from 101 healthy individuals aged 65 and older. Mean cross-sectional area and mean attenuation values are presented across seven defined Hounsfield unit (HU) ranges along with the percent contribution of each region to the total mid-thigh area. Inter-software correlation coefficients ranged from R2 = 0.92-0.99 for all specific area comparisons measured using the Image J method compared to SliceOmatic. We recommend reporting individual HU ranges for all areas measured. Although HU range 0-100 includes the majority of skeletal muscle area, HU range -29 to 150 appears to be the most inclusive for quantifying total thigh muscle. Reporting all HU ranges is necessary to determine the relative contribution of each, as they may be differentially affected by age, obesity, disease, and exercise. This standardized operating procedure will facilitate consistency among investigators reporting computed tomography characteristics of the thigh on single slice images. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02308228.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Software', 'Thigh', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 30,730,923
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['L01.224.900'], ['A01.378.610.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Automatic decision support system in prognostication, diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of chronic prostatitis].
|
A great variety of subjective and objective disorders related with chronic prostatitis make difficulties in its diagnosis. The proposed principle of chronic prostatitis classification identifies 33 clinically significant variants of diagnosis by combination of classification grades. The system of fuzzy decisive rules for prediction and differential diagnosis of chronic prostatitis supports decision on the level 0.9 and higher. Use of energetic characteristics of diagnostically significant biologically active points raises quality of prognosis of the onset and exacerbation of chronic prostatitis and helps to select optimal schemes of acpuncture. Application of decision support systems for urological decision on prognosis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of chronic prostatitis improves quality of medical aid and adequate management of patients with chronic prostatitis.
|
['Chronic Disease', 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'Prostatitis', 'Therapy, Computer-Assisted']
| 19,824,383
|
[['C23.550.291.500'], ['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.789'], ['C12.294.565.750'], ['E02.950', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Decreased citrate synthesis: possible indication of early degenerative changes in testes of vitamin E-deficient rats.
|
We have shown that intravenously administered glucose disappears from the blood of E-deficient rats at different rates compared to that of the control rats and that this difference could possibly be explained by membrane permeability changes in E-deficiency. We have also shown that the ability of E-deficient rat testis tissue to synthesize citrate is decreased, and that this decrease is probably an early manifestation of testicular degeneration.
|
['Acetates', 'Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Citrates', 'Diet', 'Glucose', 'Infusions, Parenteral', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Testis', 'Vitamin E', 'Vitamin E Deficiency']
| 1,239,766
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D01.268.150.075.328', 'D01.496.123.328', 'D01.496.749.154'], ['D02.241.081.901.434'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['E02.319.267.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782'], ['D03.383.663.283.909', 'D03.633.100.150.909'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.841']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Platelet-derived growth factor regulates YAP transcriptional activity via Src family kinase dependent tyrosine phosphorylation.
|
The Hippo pathway effector YAP is implicated in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The Hippo pathway relies on signaling cross talk for its regulation. Given the importance of platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling in CCA biology, our aim was to examine potential YAP regulation by PDGFR. We employed human and mouse CCA specimens and cell lines for these studies. Initially, we confirmed upregulation of PDGFRâ and PDGFR ligands in human and mouse CCA specimens and cell lines. YAP, a transcriptional co-activator, was localized to the nucleus in human CCA specimens and a cell line, as well as patient derived xenografts (PDX). PDGFR pharmacologic inhibition led to a redistribution of YAP from the nucleus to cytosol and downregulation of YAP target genes in a human CCA cell line. siRNA silencing of PDGFR-â similarly downregulated YAP target genes. YAP activation (nuclear localization and target gene expression) was regulated by Src family kinases (SFKs) downstream of PDGFR. SFK activity resulted in phosphorylation of YAP on tyrosine357 (YAPY357 ). The importance of YAPY357 phosphorylation in regulating YAP activation was confirmed utilizing the SB-1 cell line, a mouse cell line expressing YAP S127A precluding canonical serine phosphorylation. PDGFR inhibition decreased cellular abundance of the survival protein Mcl-1, a known YAP target gene, and accordingly increased cell death in CCA cells in vitro and in vivo. These preclinical data demonstrate that a PDGFR-SFK cascade regulates YAP activation via tyrosine phosphorylation in CCA. Inhibiting this cascade may provide a viable therapeutic strategy for this human malignancy.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Animals', 'Bile Duct Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cholangiocarcinoma', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Phosphorylation', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Up-Regulation']
| 28,661,054
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.588.274.120.250', 'C06.130.120.120', 'C06.130.320.120', 'C06.301.120.250'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.450'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.624'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.644.276.910', 'D12.776.124.625', 'D12.776.467.910', 'D23.529.910'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.900.750', 'D12.776.543.750.630.625.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.630.400'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fatal gunshot wound to the head with lack of immediate incapacitation.
|
Investigation of deaths caused by penetrating gunshot wounds to the head often raises the possibility of foul play. The forensic pathologist may be asked if the victim was able to perform certain acts after the gunshot, and how quickly this person might have become incapacitated. The possibility of a suicidal act can depend on these answers. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman whose body was found with a right temporal entrance wound. A shotgun was found 60 ft from the body location. The question of knowing if this woman had been able to shoot herself in the head and then walk a distance of 60 ft before dying was essential for the investigation, as suicide was the first hypothesis. The autopsy and a careful neuropathology investigation allowed to answer this question. In the literature, multiple publications report cases of victims who were able to act following penetrating ballistic head injury.
|
['Cerebral Hemorrhage, Traumatic', 'Female', 'Forensic Pathology', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Head Injuries, Penetrating', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Suicide', 'Walking', 'White Matter', 'Wounds, Gunshot']
| 24,781,406
|
[['C10.228.140.199.275.300', 'C10.228.140.300.535.200.200', 'C10.228.140.300.535.450.200.750', 'C10.900.300.087.187.300', 'C10.900.300.837.150.650', 'C14.907.253.573.200.200', 'C14.907.253.573.400.150.300', 'C26.915.300.200.175.300', 'C26.915.300.490.150.300'], ['H02.403.330.300', 'H02.403.650.249', 'I01.198.780.937.460'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['C10.900.300.675', 'C26.915.300.475', 'C26.986.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940'], ['A08.186.211.204', 'A08.186.854.880'], ['C26.986.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A health plan intervention to improve pneumococcal vaccination in the elderly.
|
In 1998, the Hawaii Medical Service Association, headquartered in Honolulu, partnered with a pharmaceutical manufacturer to promote pneumococcal immunization of its 33,017 Medicare cost-contract members. They disseminated newsletter articles, magazine advertisements, letters, posters, and broadcast announcements; held injection clinics; and provided physicians reminder postcards with patient labels. Medicare claims indicated that immunization rose by 13.3% in 1997, 20.7% in 1998, and 42.3% in 2000, exceeding rates in a fee-for-service control group. Moreover, the rate of hospitalization for pneumococcal pneumonia dropped after 1998. The data suggest that multimodal promotion of pneumococcal vaccine will result in more extensive immunization and less frequent hospitalization.
|
['Aged', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Hawaii', 'Humans', 'Immunization Programs', 'Managed Care Programs', 'Medicare', 'Pneumococcal Vaccines', 'Pneumonia, Pneumococcal', 'United States']
| 16,209,136
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.375', 'Z01.639.760.815.482'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.421.726.608'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.800', 'N04.590.374.410'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.663', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840', 'N03.706.615.696'], ['D20.215.894.135.750.600'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.670.750', 'C01.150.252.620.550', 'C01.748.610.540.550', 'C08.381.677.540.550', 'C08.730.610.540.550'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
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