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Convergent translational evidence of a role for anandamide in amygdala-mediated fear extinction, threat processing and stress-reactivity.
|
Endocannabinoids are released 'on-demand' on the basis of physiological need, and can be pharmacologically augmented by inhibiting their catabolic degradation. The endocannabinoid anandamide is degraded by the catabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Anandamide is implicated in the mediation of fear behaviors, including fear extinction, suggesting that selectively elevating brain anandamide could modulate plastic changes in fear. Here we first tested this hypothesis with preclinical experiments employing a novel, potent and selective FAAH inhibitor, AM3506 (5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanesulfonyl fluoride). Systemic AM3506 administration before extinction decreased fear during a retrieval test in a mouse model of impaired extinction. AM3506 had no effects on fear in the absence of extinction training, or on various non-fear-related measures. Anandamide levels in the basolateral amygdala were increased by extinction training and augmented by systemic AM3506, whereas application of AM3506 to amygdala slices promoted long-term depression of inhibitory transmission, a form of synaptic plasticity linked to extinction. Further supporting the amygdala as effect-locus, the fear-reducing effects of systemic AM3506 were blocked by intra-amygdala infusion of a CB1 receptor antagonist and were fully recapitulated by intra-amygdala infusion of AM3506. On the basis of these preclinical findings, we hypothesized that variation in the human FAAH gene would predict individual differences in amygdala threat-processing and stress-coping traits. Consistent with this, carriers of a low-expressing FAAH variant (385A allele; rs324420) exhibited quicker habituation of amygdala reactivity to threat, and had lower scores on the personality trait of stress-reactivity. Our findings show that augmenting amygdala anandamide enables extinction-driven reductions in fear in mouse and may promote stress-coping in humans.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Alkanesulfonates', 'Amidohydrolases', 'Amygdala', 'Animals', 'Arachidonic Acids', 'Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists', 'Conditioning, Psychological', 'Endocannabinoids', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Extinction, Psychological', 'Fear', 'Female', 'Functional Neuroimaging', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Habituation, Psychophysiologic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Microinjections', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Personality', 'Phenols', 'Piperidines', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Polyunsaturated Alkamides', 'Pyrazoles', 'Rimonabant']
| 22,688,188
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.050', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050'], ['D08.811.277.087'], ['A08.186.211.180.090', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152'], ['B01.050'], ['D10.251.355.255.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166'], ['D27.505.519.625.085.750', 'D27.505.696.399.472.188.750'], ['F02.463.425.179'], ['D10.251.265'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['F02.463.425.770.232'], ['F01.470.361'], ['E01.370.350.578.875', 'E01.370.376.537.625', 'E05.629.875'], ['E05.393.385'], ['F02.463.425.393', 'F02.830.422', 'G11.561.312'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.561.638'], ['F01.752'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D03.383.621'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['D02.065.690', 'D02.455.326.271.690', 'D02.455.326.397.675'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['D03.383.129.539.888', 'D03.383.621.834']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A comparative study of the enzymatic and toxic properties of venoms of the Asian lance-headed pit viper (Genus Trimeresurus).
|
1. The lethalities, anticoagulant effects, hermorrhagic, thrombin-like enzyme, hyaluronidase, protease, arginine ester hydrolase, 5'-nucleotidase, L-amino acid oxidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase and phospholipase A activities of twenty-three samples of venoms from twelve species of Asian lance-headed pit vipers (genus Trimeresurus) were examined. 2. The results indicate that notwithstanding individual variations in venom properties, the differences in biological properties of the Trimeresurus venoms can be used for the differentiation of venoms from different species of Trimeresurus. 3. The results also suggest that differences in the biological properties of snake venoms are useful parameters in the classification of snake species. 4. Our results indicate that venoms from the species T. okinavensis exhibited biological properties markedly different from other Trimeresurus venoms examined. This observation supports the recently proposed reclassification of T. okinavensis as a member of the genus Ovophis, rather than the genus Trimeresurus.
|
["5'-Nucleotidase", 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Amino Acid Oxidoreductases', 'Animals', 'Anticoagulants', 'Biological Availability', 'Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases', 'Crotalid Venoms', 'Endopeptidases', 'Hemorrhage', 'L-Amino Acid Oxidase', 'Mice', 'Phospholipases A', 'Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases', 'Thrombin']
| 2,553,329
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.600.600'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['D08.811.682.664.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['D08.811.277.352.100'], ['D20.888.850.960.200', 'D23.946.833.850.960.200'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['C23.550.414'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.677'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.640'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Valve area and cardiac output in aortic stenosis: quantification by magnetic resonance velocity mapping.
|
Valve area and cardiac output were determined with magnetic resonance (MR) velocity mapping in 12 patients with aortic stenosis. Heart catheterization, Doppler echocardiography, and indicator dilution were performed for comparison. Left ventricle could be catheterized in only nine patients; in these cases, MR measured a mean valve area of 1.2 cm2 compared with 0.9 cm2 derived from catheterization data, with a mean difference of 0.2 cm2 between the 2 methods. The limits of agreement were [0.0, +0.5] cm2, less in patients with an important degree of concomitant regurgitation. In the whole material, MR measured a mean area of 1.1 cm2 compared with 1.2 cm2 derived from Doppler echocardiography data, with a mean difference of 0.1 cm2 and [-0.5, +0.6] cm2 as limits of agreement. In 11 patients the cardiac output was quantified by MR to a mean of 4.9 L/min and by indicator dilution to 5.0 L/min, with a mean difference of 0.2 L/min, and [-0.6, +0.8] L/min as limits of agreement. In addition, MR offers the major advance of simultaneous quantification of regurgitant volume in cases of concomitant regurgitation. In conclusion, because the two important prognostic determinants in aortic stenosis--the valvular area and the cardiac output--may be quantified, MR has potential to become a clinical tool in assessment of severity in aortic stenosis.
|
['Aged', 'Aortic Valve', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiac Catheterization', 'Cardiac Output', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Indicator Dilution Techniques', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 8,237,760
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.541.510.110'], ['C14.280.484.048.750', 'C14.280.955.249'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.380.140', 'E02.148.442', 'E05.157.250'], ['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.484'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Adjunctive Clavulanic Acid Abolishes the Cefazolin Inoculum Effect in an Experimental Rat Model of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis.
|
We tested the ability of clavulanic acid to restore the efficacy of cefazolin against Staphylococcus aureus TX0117, which exhibits the cefazolin inoculum effect (CzIE). In the rat infective endocarditis model, the coadministration of cefazolin plus clavulanic acid resulted in a significant reduction of bacterial counts (7.1 ± 0.5 log10 CFU/g) compared to that with cefazolin alone (2 ± 0.6 log10 CFU/g; P < 0.0001). The addition of a â-lactamase inhibitor may be a viable strategy for overcoming the CzIE.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Cefazolin', 'Clavulanic Acid', 'Endocarditis', 'Endocarditis, Bacterial', 'Methicillin', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Rats', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'beta-Lactamases']
| 30,150,459
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.160', 'D02.886.665.074.160', 'D03.633.100.300.249.160'], ['D02.065.589.099.374.160', 'D03.633.100.300.374.160'], ['C14.280.282'], ['C01.150.252.245', 'C01.190.249', 'C14.260.249', 'C14.280.282.407'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.500', 'D02.886.108.750.500', 'D03.633.100.300.750.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['D08.811.277.087.180']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Purification, characterisation and crystallisation of photosystem II from Thermosynechococcus elongatus cultivated in a new type of photobioreactor.
|
The thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus was cultivated under controlled growth conditions using a new type of photobioreactor, allowing us to optimise growth conditions and the biomass yield. A fast large-scale purification method for monomeric and dimeric photosystem II (PSII) solubilized from thylakoid membranes of this cyanobacterium was developed using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). The obtained PSII core complexes (PSIIcc) were analysed for their pigment stoichiometry, photochemical and oxygen evolution activities, as well as lipid and detergent composition. Thirty-six chlorophyll a (Chla), 2 pheophytin a (Pheoa), 9+/- 1 beta-carotene (Car), 2.9+/-0.8 plastoquinone 9 (PQ9) and 3.8+/-0.5 Mn were found per active centre. For the monomeric and dimeric PSIIcc, 18 and 20 lipid as well as 145 and 220 detergent molecules were found in the detergent shell, respectively. The monomeric and dimeric complexes showed high oxygen evolution activity with 1/4 O(2) released per 37-38 Chla and flash in the best cases. Crystals were obtained from dimeric PSIIcc by a micro-batch method. They diffract synchrotron X-rays to a maximum resolution of 2.9-A, resulting in complete data sets of 3.2 A resolution.
|
['Biomass', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Crystallization', 'Cyanobacteria', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Oxygen', 'Photosystem II Protein Complex', 'Spectrophotometry, Atomic', 'Thylakoids', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 15,620,375
|
[['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['B03.280', 'B03.440.475.100'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D05.500.562.488.750', 'D08.811.600.710.750', 'D12.776.543.930.500.750', 'D12.776.765.199.750.750.750'], ['E05.196.712.726.551', 'E05.196.867.826.551'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700.140.800'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A nanomolar-potency small molecule inhibitor of regulator of G-protein signaling proteins.
|
Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins are potent negative modulators of signal transduction through G-protein-coupled receptors. They function by binding to activated (GTP-bound) Gá subunits and accelerating the rate of GTP hydrolysis. Modulation of RGS activity by small molecules is an attractive mechanism for fine-tuning GPCR signaling for therapeutic and research purposes. Here we describe the pharmacologic properties and mechanism of action of CCG-50014, the most potent small molecule RGS inhibitor to date. It has an IC(50) for RGS4 of 30 nM and is >20-fold selective for RGS4 over other RGS proteins. CCG-50014 binds covalently to the RGS, forming an adduct on two cysteine residues located in an allosteric regulatory site. It is not a general cysteine alkylator as it does not inhibit activity of the cysteine protease papain at concentrations >3000-fold higher than those required to inhibit RGS4 function. It is also >1000-fold more potent as an RGS4 inhibitor than are the cysteine alkylators N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide. Analysis of the cysteine reactivity of the compound shows that compound binding to Cys(107) in RGS8 inhibits Gá binding in a manner that can be reversed by cleavage of the compound-RGS disulfide bond. If the compound reacts with Cys(160) in RGS8, the adduct induces RGS denaturation, and activity cannot be restored by removal of the compound. The high potency and good selectivity of CCG-50014 make it a useful tool for studying the functional roles of RGS4.
|
['Alkylation', 'Biocatalysis', 'Cell Survival', 'Cysteine', 'Flow Cytometry', 'GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Conformation', 'RGS Proteins', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Thiadiazoles', 'Thiazolidinediones']
| 21,329,361
|
[['G02.111.035', 'G02.607.094', 'G03.059'], ['G02.111.086', 'G02.130.500', 'G03.105'], ['G04.346'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.200.100.200', 'D12.644.360.360.100.200', 'D12.776.157.325.332.100.200', 'D12.776.476.375.100.200', 'D12.776.543.325.100.200'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.644.360.325.150.750', 'D12.776.476.325.150.750'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D02.886.675.867', 'D03.383.129.708.867'], ['D02.886.675.933', 'D03.383.129.708.933']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Parallel recovery in a bilingual aphasic: a neurolinguistic and fMRI study.
|
In bilingual aphasics, the neural correlates of rehabilitation benefits and their generalization across languages are still scarcely understood. The authors present the case of a highly proficient bilingual woman (Flemish, L1/Italian, L2) with chronic aphasia who, in the presence of the same pattern of impairment in both languages, showed parallel recovery in both languages after long-term rehabilitation therapy in L2. The authors postulated that this recovery was due to the engagement of the same neural substrates. To confirm this the authors used an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm to explore cortical activation during an overt picture naming task, performed in both Flemish and Italian once before and once after 2 weeks of training in L2. Behaviorally, the patient showed complete recovery of both languages. The fMRI results indicated that the same cerebral regions were recruited for both languages before and after training. Increasing activations were observed perilesionally and in homologous contralesional areas. Our data, in agreement with previous results of fMRI studies in healthy bilinguals, indicate a promising direction for future research on the neural mechanisms associated with recovery in bilingual aphasics.
|
['Aphasia', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Middle Aged', 'Multilingualism', 'Recovery of Function', 'Time Factors']
| 19,413,453
|
[['C10.597.606.150.500.800.100', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.800.100'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.559.423.452'], ['G16.757'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The McCoy laryngoscope, external laryngeal pressure, and their combined use.
|
The efficacy of the McCoy laryngoscope, external laryngeal pressure, and their combination to improve the laryngoscopic view was evaluated in 219 patients and compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope. An experienced laryngoscopist performed laryngoscopy twice using the Macintosh laryngoscope and the McCoy laryngoscope in a random sequence, and external laryngeal pressure was applied in each laryngoscopy with the laryngoscopist's right hand. The laryngoscopic view obtained was graded on our modified Cormack's method. Without external laryngeal pressure, the McCoy laryngoscope provided a better laryngoscopic view than that obtained by the Macintosh laryngoscope (P < 0.001, signed rank test), but the view was worse than that with the Macintosh laryngoscope under external laryngeal pressure (P < 0.001). The McCoy laryngoscope combined with external laryngeal pressure provided a better view than the Macintosh laryngoscope with external laryngeal pressure (P < 0.001).
|
['Equipment Design', 'Humans', 'Laryngoscopes', 'Laryngoscopy', 'Pressure']
| 11,094,670
|
[['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.230.220.525', 'E07.858.240.525'], ['E01.370.386.460', 'E01.370.388.250.525', 'E04.502.250.525', 'E04.580.373'], ['G01.374.715']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of gamma-radiation on a polyanhydride implant containing gentamicin sulfate.
|
Septacin, a polyanhydride implant containing gentamicin sulfate, was sterilized by gamma-radiation. Its copolymer molecular weight (M(w) by GPC) was increased after this radiation. No cross-linking was shown in the radiated samples as no gel content was found by the filtration method. The chemical structure as detected by 1H NMR for non-radiated and radiated samples was comparable. For samples radiated at higher dose levels (70-100 kGy), the IR spectra showed that the intensity of absorbance attributable to the C-H stretching vibration (at 2852 and 2927 cm(-1)) was attenuated, indicating free-radical formation or loss of hydrogen atoms from C-H bonds. However, the mass spectra for the gamma-radiated and the non-radiated controls after they were completely depolymerized in methylene chloride were virtually identical. Therefore, it could be concluded that the increase in copolymer molecular weight for radiated Septacin was a result of chain extension in the copolymer backbone during radiation. In addition, wide-angle X-ray diffraction and polarizing light microscopy (PLM) revealed a change in the physical structure of the radiated copolymer. There was an increase in crystallinity of the copolymer with increasing radiation doses; the greatest increase in crystallinity occurred at the dose range of 70-80 kGy, which was also shown to result in the greatest molecular-weight increase. The crystalline morphology of the samples as detected by PLM was not altered by gamma-radiation, regardless of the dose levels.
|
['Absorbable Implants', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Gamma Rays', 'Gentamicins', 'Molecular Weight', 'Technology, Pharmaceutical']
| 11,790,485
|
[['E07.695.025'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['D09.408.051.374'], ['G02.494'], ['E05.916', 'J01.897.836']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Separation and on-line concentration of bisphenol A and alkylphenols by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with anionic surfactant.
|
Separation and on-line concentration of bisphenol A and three alkylphenols were investigated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate. The separation conditions were optimized by the simultaneous addition of the organic solvent and cyclodextrin to the running solution. The separation of hydrophobic analytes and 4-nonylphenol isomers was improved by the addition of 10% methanol and 5 mM beta-cyclodextrin to the running solution. When the sweeping with the running solution was used as the on-line concentration procedure, 69-, 48-, 55- and 41-fold increases in detection sensitivity were obtained for bisphenol A, 4-tert.-butylphenol and 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol, and the second peak of 4-nonylphenol isomers, respectively. The detection limits were 0.0071, 0.0065, 0.021 and 0.055 mg/l, respectively. These results were better than those with the cationic surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide.
|
['Benzhydryl Compounds', 'Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary', 'Phenols', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Surface-Active Agents']
| 14,558,616
|
[['D02.455.426.559.389.115'], ['E05.196.181.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D27.720.877']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effective AAV-mediated gene therapy in a mouse model of ethylmalonic encephalopathy.
|
Ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) is an invariably fatal disease, characterized by the accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), a highly toxic compound. ETHE1, encoding sulfur dioxygenase (SDO), which takes part in the mitochondrial pathway that converts sulfide into harmless sulfate, is mutated in EE. The main source of H(2)S is the anaerobic bacterial flora of the colon, although in trace amount it is also produced by tissues, where it acts as a 'gasotransmitter'. Here, we show that AAV2/8-mediated, ETHE1-gene transfer to the liver of a genetically, metabolically and clinically faithful EE mouse model resulted in full restoration of SDO activity, correction of plasma thiosulfate, a biomarker reflecting the accumulation of H(2)S, and spectacular clinical improvement. Most of treated animals were alive and well >6-8 months after birth, whereas untreated individuals live 26 ± 7 days. Our results provide proof of concept on the efficacy and safety of AAV2/8-mediated livergene therapy for EE, and alike conditions caused by the accumulation of harmful compounds in body fluids and tissues, which can directly be transferred to the clinic.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn', 'Dependovirus', 'Dioxygenases', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'Purpura', 'Thiosulfates', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,903,887
|
[['B01.050'], ['C10.228.140.163.100', 'C16.320.565.189', 'C18.452.132.100', 'C18.452.648.189'], ['B04.280.580.650.170'], ['D08.811.682.690.416'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.575'], ['C15.378.100.802', 'C23.550.414.950', 'C23.888.885.687'], ['D01.248.497.158.845.703', 'D01.875.800.800.850.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Moral margins concerning the use of coercion in psychiatry.
|
In the closed wards of mental health institutions, moral decisions are made concerning the use of forced seclusion. In this article we focus on how these moral decisions are made and can be improved. We present a case study concerning moral deliberations on the use of seclusion and its prevention among nurses of a closed mental health ward. Moral psychology provides an explanation of how moral judgments are developed through processes of interaction. We will make use of the Social Intuitionist Model of Jonathan Haidt that emphasizes the role of emotions, intuitions and the social context in moral judgments and reasoning. We argue that this model can help to explain social dynamics in the context of enforced seclusion. In the discussion we explore how moral psychology can be complemented with the normative perspective of dialogical ethics to develop strategies for improving psychiatric practices. We conclude that social processes play an important role in moral deliberations and that moral development can be fostered by bringing in new perspectives in the dialogue. Moral case deliberation provides a practical tool to systematically organize moral reflections among nurses on the work floor.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Coercion', 'Female', 'Hospitals, Psychiatric', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Morals', 'Netherlands', 'Organizational Culture', 'Patient Isolation', 'Psychiatric Nursing', 'Safety Management', 'Violence']
| 21,558,107
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.880.604.316', 'I01.880.630.200'], ['N02.278.421.556.508'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.500', 'K01.752.566'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['N04.452.606'], ['E02.770', 'N06.850.780.200.450.650'], ['H02.478.676.710', 'N02.421.533.778'], ['N04.452.871.900', 'N06.850.135.060.075.800'], ['I01.198.240.856', 'I01.880.735.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Comparison of monophasic and biphasic defibrillating pulse waveforms for transthoracic cardioversion. Biphasic Waveform Defibrillation Investigators.
|
All transthoracic defibrillators on the US market use nominally monophasic shock waveforms. However, biphasic waveforms have a lower defibrillation threshold than monophasic waveforms for transthoracic defibrillation of animals and for defibrillation of humans by implantable cardioverter defibrillators. The relative efficacies of Edmark monophasic and Gurvich biphasic transthoracic cardioversion waveforms (200 J into 50 omega) were compared for transthoracic cardioversion in 171 patients undergoing electrophysiologic study for evaluation of ventricular arrhythmias. Patients were randomized in a blinded fashion to receive either a monophasic or a biphasic waveform for the initial shock for conversion of induced ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation [VF] = 53, monomorphic ventricular tachycardia [VT] = 80, polymorphic VT = 30, ventricular flutter = 8). Delivered energies for the Edmark and Gurvich waveforms were 215 +/- 11 and 171 +/- 11 J, respectively. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics, use of antiarrhythmic agents, arrhythmia cycle length, or duration of arrhythmia prior to shock for monophasic and biphasic waveform groups. The first shock for all arrhythmias was successful in 75 of 88 patients (85.2%) for the monophasic waveform compared with 81 of 83 patients (97.6%) for the biphasic waveform, p = 0.0054. The first shock for VF was successful in 22 of 28 patients (78.6%) for the monophasic waveform compared with 25 of 25 (100%) for the biphasic waveform, p = 0.0241. The Gurvich biphasic waveforms delivering a mean of 171 J were superior to Edmark monophasic waveforms delivering a mean of 215 J for transthoracic cardioversion of arrhythmias of short duration. This finding may have important implications for the development of future transthoracic defibrillators.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Canada', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Electric Countershock', 'Electrophysiology', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Tachycardia, Ventricular', 'United States', 'Ventricular Fibrillation']
| 7,762,500
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E02.331.350'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C14.280.067.845.940', 'C14.280.123.875.940', 'C23.550.073.845.940'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['C14.280.067.922', 'C23.550.073.922']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
AT(1) and glutamatergic receptors in paraventricular nucleus support blood pressure during water deprivation.
|
Water deprivation activates sympathoexcitatory neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN); however, the neurotransmitters that mediate this activation are unknown. To test the hypothesis that ANG II and glutamate are involved, effects on blood pressure (BP) of bilateral PVN microinjections of ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonists, candesartan and valsartan, or the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, kynurenate, were determined in urethane-anesthetized water-deprived and water-replete male rats. Because PVN may activate sympathetic neurons via the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and because PVN disinhibition increases sympathetic activity in part via increased drive of AT1R in the RVLM, candesartan was also bilaterally microinjected into the RVLM. Total blockade of the PVN with bilateral microinjections of muscimol, a GABA(A) agonist, decreased BP more (P < 0.05) in water-deprived (-29 +/- 8 mmHg) than in water-replete (-7 +/- 2 mmHg) rats, verifying that the PVN is required for BP maintenance during water deprivation. PVN candesartan slowly lowered BP by 7 +/- 1 mmHg (P < 0.05). In water-replete rats, however, candesartan did not alter BP (1 +/- 1 mmHg). Valsartan also produced a slowly developing decrease in arterial pressure (-6 +/- 1 mmHg; P < 0.05) in water-deprived but not in water-replete (-1 +/- 1 mmHg) rats. In water-deprived rats, PVN kynurenate rapidly decreased BP (-19 +/- 3 mmHg), and the response was greater (P < 0.05) than in water-replete rats (-4 +/- 1 mmHg). Finally, as in PVN, candesartan in RVLM slowly decreased BP in water-deprived (-8 +/- 1 mmHg; P < 0.05) but not in water-replete (-3 +/- 1 mmHg) rats. These data suggest that activation of AT(1) and glutamate receptors in PVN, as well as of AT1R in RVLM, contributes to BP maintenance during water deprivation.
|
['Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers', 'Animals', 'Benzimidazoles', 'Blood Pressure', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists', 'Injections, Intraventricular', 'Kynurenic Acid', 'Male', 'Microinjections', 'Models, Biological', 'Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Angiotensin', 'Receptors, Glutamate', 'Tetrazoles', 'Valine', 'Valsartan', 'Water Deprivation']
| 17,185,407
|
[['D27.505.519.162.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.103'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.300', 'D27.505.696.577.190.300'], ['E02.319.267.530.550'], ['D03.066.942.505', 'D03.633.100.810.350.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.400', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.047', 'D12.776.543.750.750.130'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.200.450'], ['D03.383.129.617'], ['D12.125.070.950', 'D12.125.142.930'], ['D03.383.129.617.850', 'D12.125.070.950.550', 'D12.125.142.930.500'], ['F01.658.938']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Successful treatment of oral pemphigus vulgaris in an insulin-dependant geriatric patient.
|
OBJECTIVE: To present a clinical report of a patient treated with corticosteroids for oral pemphigus vulgaris (PV) lesions.BACKGROUND: PV is the type of pemphigus that most often affects the oral mucosa and tends not to appear in elderly people.METHODS: Two biopsies were needed for diagnosis. She was treated with oral prednisone and topically with 0.05% clobetasol propionate.CONCLUSION: An early diagnosis and treatment is needed for a good prognosis, especially in elderly patients with multiple systemic pathology.
|
['Biopsy', 'Clobetasol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pemphigus', 'Prednisone']
| 26,108,158
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D04.210.500.908.093.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.800.865.716', 'C20.111.736'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.702']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A role for left temporal pole in the retrieval of words for unique entities.
|
Both lesion and functional imaging studies have implicated sectors of high-order association cortices of the left temporal lobe in the retrieval of words for objects belonging to varied conceptual categories. In particular, the cortices located in the left temporal pole have been associated with naming unique persons from faces. Because this neuroanatomical-behavioral association might be related to either the specificity of the task (retrieving a name at unique level) or to the possible preferential processing of faces by anterior temporal cortices, we performed a PET imaging experiment to test the hypothesis that the effect is related to the specificity of the word retrieval task. Normal subjects were asked to name at unique level entities from two conceptual categories: famous landmarks and famous faces. In support of the hypothesis, naming entities in both categories was associated with increases in activity in the left temporal pole. No main effect of category (faces vs. landmarks/buildings) or interaction of task and category was found in the left temporal pole. Retrieving names for unique persons and for names for unique landmarks activate the same brain region. These findings are consistent with the notion that activity in the left temporal pole is linked to the level of specificity of word retrieval rather than the conceptual class to which the stimulus belongs.
|
['Adult', 'Architecture', 'Brain Mapping', 'Classification', 'Face', 'Female', 'Geography', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Names', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Prosopagnosia', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Semantics', 'Temporal Lobe']
| 11,410,949
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['J01.086'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['L01.100', 'L01.453.245.275'], ['A01.456.505'], ['H01.277.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['L01.559.598.400.556'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['C10.597.606.762.100.650', 'C23.888.592.604.764.100.650', 'F01.700.750.100.650'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Defining fundamental niche dimensions of corals: synergistic effects of colony size, light, and flow.
|
The "fundamental niche" is the range of conditions under which an organism can survive and reproduce, measured in the absence of biotic interactions. Niche measurements are often based on statistical relationships between species presence and measured environmental variables, or inferred from measured responses of species along hypothesized niche axes. In this study, we use novel, process-based models of how irradiance and gas diffusion influence photosynthesis and respiration to predict niche dimensions for three coral species: Acropora nasuta, Montipora foliosa, and Leptoria phrygia. We use a combination of mathematical modeling, laboratory experiments, and field observations to establish the link between energy acquisition and the dominant environmental gradients on reefs: light intensity and water flow velocity. Our approach allows us to quantify how the shape of the niche varies in response to light and flow conditions. The model predicts that, due to its higher photosynthetic capacity, the branching coral A. nasuta has a positive energy balance over awider range of conditions than both a massive species (L. phrygia) and a foliose species (M. foliosa). Moreover, colony size influences niche width, with larger colonies of all three species achieving a positive energy balance over a broader range of conditions than small colonies. Comparison of model predictions with field data demonstrated that tissue biomass and reproductive output are significantly and positively correlated with predicted energy acquisition. These results show how interactions between light and flow determine organism performance along environmental gradients on coral reefs. In addition, this study demonstrates the utility of process-based models for quantifying how physiology influences ecology, and for predicting the ecological consequences of varying environmental conditions.
|
['Animals', 'Anthozoa', 'Biomass', 'Ecosystem', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Biological', 'Photosynthesis', 'Population Density', 'Population Dynamics', 'Population Growth', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Species Specificity', 'Sunlight', 'Water Movements']
| 19,341,146
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.308.237'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['I01.240.600.660', 'N01.224.625.660', 'N06.850.505.400.700.660'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['G16.824'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.836', 'G01.750.250.650.836', 'G01.750.770.578.836', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525', 'G16.500.750.775.525', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525'], ['G16.500.971', 'N06.230.132.644.750', 'N06.230.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Timing of neurodegeneration and beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide deposition in the brain of aging kokanee salmon.
|
Brains of kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka kennerlyi) in one of four reproductive stages (sexually immature, maturing, sexually mature, and spawning) were stained with cresyl violet and silver stain to visualize neurodegeneration. These reproductive stages correlate with increasing somatic aging of kokanee salmon, which die after spawning. Twenty-four regions of each brain were examined. Brains of sexually immature fish exhibited low levels of neurodegeneration, whereas neurodegeneration was more marked in maturing fish and greatest in spawning fish. Neurodegeneration was present in specific regions of the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon. Pyknotic neurons were observed in all regions previously reported to be immunopositive for A beta. Regions that did not exhibit neurodegeneration during aging included the magnocellular vestibular nucleus, the nucleus lateralis tuberis of the hypothalamus, and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, all of which also lack A beta; perhaps these regions are neuroprotected. In 14 of 16 brain areas for which data were available on both the increase in A beta deposition and pyknosis, neurodegeneration preceded or appeared more or less simultaneously with A beta production, whereas in only two regions did A beta deposition precede neurodegeneration. This information supports the hypothesis that A beta deposition is a downstream product of neurodegeneration in most brain regions. Other conclusions are that the degree of neurodegeneration varies among brain regions, neurodegeneration begins in maturing fish and peaks in spawning fish, the timing of neurodegeneration varies among brain regions, and some regions do not exhibit accelerated neurodegeneration during aging.
|
['Aging', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cell Count', 'Female', 'Male', 'Nerve Degeneration', 'Neurons', 'Salmon']
| 12,360,580
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['C23.550.737'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.705']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluating Synergistic Effects of miR-34a Mimics in Combination with Other Therapeutic Agents in Cultured Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells.
|
Tumor suppressor miRNAs such as miR-34a inhibit tumor growth by simultaneously regulating the expression of multiple important oncogenes across multiple oncogenic pathways and, therefore, provide a strong rationale for developing therapeutic miRNA mimics in combination with other therapeutic cancer agents to augment drug sensitivity. Here, we describe the experimental approach for evaluating miRNA and drug combinations using the "fixed ratio" method in cultured non-small cell lung cancer cells.
|
['Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Apoptosis', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'MicroRNAs']
| 27,924,478
|
[['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The combined use of acupuncture and UV irradiation in treating the neurological manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis].
|
Erythema field doses of UV radiation according to the segmental-metameric approach were applied in combination with acupuncture to treat lumbar osteochondrosis. Functional and clinical findings indicated the highest therapeutical response of the combination versus acupuncture or UV irradiation alone: 93% against 73.3% and 67.5%, respectively.
|
['Acupuncture Therapy', 'Adult', 'Back Pain', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Humans', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteochondritis', 'Spondylitis', 'Ultraviolet Therapy']
| 1,833,880
|
[['E02.190.044'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C23.888.592.612.107'], ['E02.186'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.116.791', 'C05.182.520', 'C17.300.182.520'], ['C01.160.762', 'C05.116.165.762', 'C05.116.900.853'], ['E02.774.945']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of a class 3 tyrosine kinase.
|
In an effort to identify unique tyrosine kinases found in human leukemia cell lines, we utilized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology and degenerate oligonucleotide primers to produce a cDNA library of kinase catalytic domains found in the human monocytic cell line AML-193. This search yielded a member of the class 3 tyrosine kinases closely related to the murine kinase FD-22. Previous work has identified this kinase as JAK1. This class of tyrosine kinases is characterized by being ubiquitously expressed, lacking both a ligand-binding domain and a SH2 domain, while containing a second domain similar to a degenerate kinase domain. Our studies focused on the further characterization of this class 3 tyrosine kinase using Northern blot analysis to demonstrate an increase in steady-state mRNA by interferon-gamma in human monocytes. A human-hamster somatic cell hybrid panel and linkage mapping was used to assign JAK1 (aml-116) to human chromosome 1.
|
['Alleles', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Southern', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1', 'Gene Frequency', 'Gene Library', 'Humans', 'Hybrid Cells', 'Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'RNA', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 1,373,877
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.235.240', 'G05.360.162.520.300.235.240'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.360.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.600'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.484'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D13.444.735'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 haplotypes and association with mycophenolate mofetil gastrointestinal intolerance in pediatric heart transplant patients.
|
MMF, the most commonly used adjuvant immunosuppressant in pediatric heart transplantation, has frequent GI adverse events. SNPs in inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase I (IMPDH1) may contribute to MMF GI intolerance. Phased haplotypes may have more utility than individual SNPs in candidate gene association studies for complex traits. This study defined common IMPDH1 haplotypes and investigated whether these haplotypes influence MMF GI intolerance in 59 pediatric heart recipients. Genotypes were assessed by Taqman analysis of IMPDH1 rs2288553, rs2288549, rs2278293, rs2278294, and rs2228075, and haplotypes were inferred using Arlequin 3.01 software. GI intolerance was defined as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, or abdominal pain requiring MMF dose holding for > 48 h or MMF discontinuation. GI intolerance occurred in 21 patients (35.6%). Ten IMPDH1 haplotypes were identified in this population. In univariable analyses, one haplotype was strongly associated with MMF GI intolerance with 59.1% of carriers of this haplotype experiencing MMF GI intolerance compared to 21.6% of non-carriers (p = 0.005). In this study, we identify a common IMPDH1 haplotype associated with MMF GI intolerance in a population of pediatric heart transplant patients. This haplotype of interest did not demonstrate stronger association with MMF GI intolerance than an individual IMPDH1 SNP.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Tract', 'Haplotypes', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'IMP Dehydrogenase', 'Infant', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Male', 'Mycophenolic Acid', 'Pediatrics', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Time Factors']
| 20,649,757
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A03.556'], ['G05.380.360'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.450'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G05.348.500'], ['D02.241.081.193.678', 'D10.251.618'], ['H02.403.670'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Temperature and humidity alter prolactin receptor expression in the skin of toad (Bufo bankorensis and Bufo melanostictus).
|
Bufo bankorensis and Bufo melanostictus, the only two species of Bufonidae genus in Taiwan, live in habitats that differ in altitude and humidity. This study tested the hypothesis that prolactin receptor (PRLR) expression responds to environmental change. Western blot analysis showed that the PRLR protein was widely distributed in brain, lung, liver, kidney, dorsal skin and ventral skin of toads. The level PRLR protein was elevated in the dorsal skin of the two toad species treated with dry or wet conditions for 14 days. The increase in PRLR of dorsal skin in B. bankorensis was higher than that in B. melanostictus. This experimental result suggests that B. bankorensis secretes more mucus to reduce water evaporation from its thinner cuticle than B. melanostictus. The expression of PRLR protein was increased in the lung of B. bankorensis and decreased in the lung of B. melanostictus. Moreover, PRLR protein levels were increased in the kidneys in the two species toad, likely due to reduction in water lost through lung and urine. The two toad species were subjected to varying temperatures (25 degrees C, 15 degrees C and 10 degrees C) for 14 days. The lowest PRLR protein expression was observed at 10 degrees C. Comparison of the decreasing trend in PRLR protein levels demonstrated that the variation in B. bankorensis was significantly higher than that in B. melanostictus. Comparisons of variation in PRLR protein expression in the two species under different environments suggest that B. bankorensis is more adaptable to different environments than B. melanostictus.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Bufonidae', 'Environment', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Humidity', 'Kidney', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Receptors, Prolactin', 'Skin', 'Temperature']
| 17,049,288
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.210'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['G05.297'], ['G16.500.275.063.725.310', 'G16.500.750.775.310', 'N06.230.150.372', 'N06.230.300.100.725.310'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A04.411'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.600.710', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.710', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.350.725'], ['A17.815'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Prophylaxis of ERCP-related pancreatitis: a randomized, controlled trial of somatostatin and gabexate mesylate.
|
BACKGROUND & AIMS: It still is debated whether post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis can be prevented by administering either somatostatin or gabexate mesylate. The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of a 6.5-hour infusion of somatostatin or gabexate mesylate in preventing ERCP-related complications.METHODS: In a double-blind multicenter trial, 1127 patients undergoing ERCP were randomly assigned to intravenous administration of somatostatin (750 microg; n = 351), gabexate mesylate (500 mg; n = 381), or placebo (saline; n = 395). The drug infusion started 30 minutes before and continued for 6 hours after endoscopy. Patients were evaluated clinically, and serum amylase levels were determined at 4, 24, and 48 hours after endoscopy.RESULTS: No significant differences in incidences of pancreatitis, hyperamylasemia, or abdominal pain were observed among the placebo (4.8%, 32.6%, and 5.3%, respectively), somatostatin (6.3%, 26.8%, and 5.1%, respectively), and gabexate mesylate groups (5.8%, 31.5%, and 6.3%, respectively). Univariate analysis of patient characteristics and endoscopic maneuvers showed that a Freeman score >1 (P < 0.0001), >/=3 pancreatic injections (P < 0.00001), and precut sphincterotomy (P = 0.01) were significantly associated with post-ERCP pancreatitis. At multiple logistic regression analysis, >/=3 pancreatic injections (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45-2.63) and a Freeman score >1 (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.11-1.94) retained their predictive power.CONCLUSIONS: Long-term (6.5-hr) administration of either somatostatin or gabexate mesylate is ineffective for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Pancreatic injury seems to be related to difficulty in common bile duct access.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chemoprevention', 'Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Gabexate', 'Gastrointestinal Agents', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatitis', 'Somatostatin', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,290,665
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.319.162'], ['E01.370.350.700.715.200.200', 'E01.370.372.200.200', 'E01.370.372.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.160', 'E04.502.250.250.160'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['D02.078.370.380'], ['D27.505.954.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.689.750'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.875', 'D06.472.699.587.780', 'D12.644.400.400.700.875', 'D12.644.548.365.700.875', 'D12.644.548.586.780', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.875'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Heparanase expression: a potential ancillary diagnostic tool for distinguishing between malignant cells and reactive mesothelium in body cavity effusions.
|
OBJECTIVE: Heparanase, an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulphate, is frequently expressed in carcinomas and was suggested to play a role in cell invasion and metastasis. We investigated whether heparanase expression may serve as a reliable marker to discriminate benign mesothelial cells from malignant cells shed into body cavities.METHODS AND RESULTS: Cytological smears of effusions from 51 hospitalized patients were immunostained for heparanase. Strong immunoreactivity was noted in 35 of 40 (88%) carcinoma samples and in all three malignant mesothelioma cases. Only rare (<3%) reactive mesothelial cells were noted showing a faint negligible staining. Specificity was 100%, sensitivity 88%, and positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 89% respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that heparanase may be of value as a complementary component in a diagnostic panel of markers, contributing to its reliability and accuracy.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Epithelium', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Exudates and Transudates', 'Gastrointestinal Neoplasms', 'Glucuronidase', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 17,250,598
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['D23.101.140'], ['A10.272'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['A12.383'], ['C04.588.274.476', 'C06.301.371', 'C06.405.249'], ['D08.811.277.450.426'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Efficient access to highly pure â-amyloid peptide by optimized solid-phase synthesis.
|
Feasible and reproducible synthesis of full-length Aâ peptides has been one of the major challenges in Alzheimer's disease research. By using dimethyl sulfoxide as an anti-aggregation solvent and as an agent to promote double-coupling of two phenylalanine that frequently experience residual deletion, we developed a reliable manual Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis procedure to produce biologically active Aâ in large quantities at relatively high purity. The amyloidogenic activity of the synthesized Aâ was confirmed via thioflavin T assay, transmission electron microscopic analysis and electrophoresis.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Amyloid', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Benzothiazoles', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Dimethyl Sulfoxide', 'Fluorenes', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Humans', 'Solid-Phase Synthesis Techniques', 'Solubility', 'Solvents', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization', 'Thiazoles']
| 22,799,493
|
[['D12.125'], ['D05.500.049', 'D12.776.049'], ['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['D03.383.129.708.089', 'D03.633.100.185'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D02.886.640.150'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.389', 'D04.615.389'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.197.500', 'J01.897.836.249.500'], ['G02.805'], ['D27.720.844'], ['E05.196.566.755'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Decreasing size of cardiogenic oscillations reflects decreasing compliance of the respiratory system during long-term ventilation.
|
Part of the energy produced by the heartbeat is transferred to the lung and promotes intrapulmonary gas mixing. It is likely that this transmission in the form of local mechanical disturbances affects and reflects respiratory mechanics. The effects of the cardiogenic oscillations were studied in seven piglets during 7 h of monotonous mechanical ventilation. During the 1st h of ventilation, every heartbeat triggered a noticeable transient increase in lung volume of 14 ml (95% confidence interval = 10-17 ml). After 7 h, the increase in lung volume due to heartbeat significantly decreased to 7 ml (95% confidence interval = 2-9 ml, P < 0.05). During the course of ventilation, overall lung compliance and gas exchange were progressively compromised. We conclude that 1) sufficient mechanical energy is transferred from the beating heart to the lung to increase lung volume, and 2) the ability of the heartbeats to help increase lung volume is reduced during long-term ventilation, which reflects the changes in lung compliance.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Biological Clocks', 'Lung Compliance', 'Lung Volume Measurements', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Pulmonary Ventilation', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Swine', 'Time Factors']
| 14,578,363
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['G07.180.562.094'], ['E01.370.386.700.475', 'G09.772.540'], ['E01.370.386.700.485'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['E01.370.386.700.660', 'G09.772.650'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Critical thermal minima, their spatial and temporal variation and response to hardening in Myrmica ants.
|
In a changing environment the ability to adjust physiological functions to new conditions might be especially valuable for long-living ectothermic animals such as ants. With a simple method for estimating critical thermal minima of Myrmica ants we assessed variation of the minima and their response to lowered temperature. At a cooling rate of about 1 degree C per minute the ants first displayed knock-down (at temperatures 1.5 to -0.2 degree C) and only later immobilized completely (at -1.3 to -3.1 degree C). Pre-chilling of ants at 5 degree capital ES, Cyrillic for 1 h lowered the parameters significantly but not greatly (about 0.9 degree capital ES, Cyrillic). Constant laboratory conditions (20 degree capital ES, Cyrillic) raised the knock-down temperature and tended to lower the temperature of immobilization. In the same manner the two parameters changed in field conditions in June, but no significant change occurred through August and until the end of study season in mid-September. When populations from different geographic localities were compared, populations from the north showed lower knock-down temperatures. The magnitude of these apparently genetic differences among populations was comparable to the magnitude of plastic changes that occurred either naturally, or in experiments, or in laboratory culture. The little plasticity and low geographic variation of the critical thermal minima may indicate that the ability of the ants to withstand cold events and populate varying climates bases mainly on the protective properties of nesting substrate.
|
['Acclimatization', 'Animals', 'Ants', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Cold Temperature', 'Russia', 'Seasons']
| 19,274,309
|
[['G07.025.133', 'G16.012.500.133'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.205'], ['F01.145.113'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['Z01.252.122.500', 'Z01.542.248.775'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Tumors of the pineal region in children and adolescents.
|
The treatment of tumors in the pineal area remains controversial. There are two main approaches: Conservative treatment, consisting in CSF shunting and radiotherapy, and direct surgical removal. We report on 25 children (22 boys and 3 girls) aged between 4 and 20 years who underwent conservative treatment. The follow-up period ranges from 1 to 11 years (mean, 4.8 years). 19 patients are still alive at a mean survival time of 5.8 years. 17 children are free of disease, two have severe neurological deficits. Our diagnostic and therapeutical concepts are presented.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Dysgerminoma', 'Ependymoma', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microsurgery', 'Pineal Gland', 'Radiotherapy Dosage']
| 3,867,253
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['E04.035.188', 'E04.525.170'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E02.186'], ['C04.557.465.330.300'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.290', 'C04.557.470.670.380.290', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.290'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.494', 'E05.591.580'], ['A06.300.635', 'A06.688.733', 'A08.186.211.180.200.680', 'A08.186.211.200.317.200.620', 'A08.713.733'], ['E02.815.639']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
DOTAGA-trastuzumab. A new antibody conjugate targeting HER2/Neu antigen for diagnostic purposes.
|
Improved bifunctional chelating agents (BFC) are required for indium-111 radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) under mild conditions to yield stable, target-specific agents. 2,2',2"-(10-(2,6-Dioxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetic acid (DOTAGA-anhydride) was evaluated for mAb conjugation and labeling with indium-111. The DOTA analogue was synthesized and conjugated to trastuzumab-which targets the HER2/neu receptor-in mild conditions (PBS pH 7.4, 25 °C, 30 min) and gave a mean degree of conjugation of 2.6 macrocycle per antibody. Labeling of this immunoconjugate with indium-111 was performed in 75% yield after 1 h at 37 °C, and the proportion of (111)In-DOTAGA-trastuzumab reached 97% after purification. The affinity of DOTAGA-trastuzumab was 5.5 ± 0.6 nM as evaluated by in vitro saturation assays using HCC1954 breast cancer cell line. SPECT/CT imaging and biodistribution studies were performed in mice bearing breast cancer BT-474 xenografts. BT-474 tumors were clearly visualized on SPECT images at 24, 48, and 72 h postinjection. The tumor uptake of [(111)In-DOTAGA]-trastuzumab reached 65%ID/g 72 h postinjection. These results show that the DOTAGA BFC appears to be a valuable tool for biologics conjugation.
|
['Anhydrides', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Breast', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Female', 'Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring', 'Humans', 'Immunoconjugates', 'Indium Radioisotopes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Models, Molecular', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon', 'Trastuzumab']
| 22,519,915
|
[['D02.113'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['A01.236'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D03.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.114.580', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.580', 'D27.888.569.257'], ['D01.496.749.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800.800'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.875', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.875', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
N/OFQ-NOP System and Airways.
|
Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. The most prevalent form is atopic asthma, which is initiated by the exposure to (inhaled) allergens. Intermittent attacks of breathlessness, airways hyperresponsiveness, wheezing, coughing, and resultant allergen-specific immune responses characterize the disease. Nociceptin/OFQ-NOP receptor system is able to combine anti-hyperresponsiveness and immunomodulatory actions. In particular, N/OFQ is able to inhibit airways microvascular leakage and bronchoconstriction through a presynaptic and non-opioid mechanism of action that blocks tachykinin release. Moreover, it also acts on allergenic sensitization because it is able to modulate the immune response that triggers the development of airway hyperresponsiveness through an interaction on cell membranes of dendritic cells (DCs) that are generally responsible to start and sustain allergic T helper 2 (TH2)-cell responses to inhaled allergens in asthma. In asthmatic patients, sputum showed elevated N/OFQ levels that are related to increased eosinophil counts. The addition of exogenous N/OFQ in sputum obtained from patients with severe asthma attenuated eosinophils migration and release of inflammatory mediators. These observations confirmed that elevated endogenous N/OFQ levels in asthmatic sputum were lower than the ones required to exert beneficial effects, suggesting that supplementation with exogenous N/OFQ may need. In conclusion, the innovative role of N/OFQ in counteracting airways inflammation/hyperresponsiveness opens new potential targets/strategies in asthma treatment.
|
['Asthma', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Opioid Peptides', 'Respiratory System', 'Th2 Cells']
| 30,725,285
|
[['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.400.575', 'D12.776.631.650.575'], ['A04'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.905', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.750', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.905']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nigella sativa protects against ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rat kidneys.
|
BACKGROUND: Renal ischaemia followed by reperfusion leads to acute renal failure in both native kidneys and renal allografts, which is a complex pathophysiologic process involving hypoxia and free radical (FR) damage. The oil of Nigella sativa (NSO) has been subjected to considerable pharmacological investigations that have revealed its antioxidant activity in different conditions. But there is no previously reported study about its effect on ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of kidneys. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of NSO in I/R-induced renal injury in rats.METHODS: Thirty healthy male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: control, sham, I/R, NSO+I/R, I/R+NSO and NSO. I/R, NSO+I/R and I/R+NSO rats were subjected to bilateral renal ischaemia followed by reperfusion and then all the rats were killed and kidney function tests, serum and tissue oxidants and antioxidants were determined and histopathological examinations were performed.RESULTS: Pre- and post-treatment with NSO produced reduction in serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine caused by I/R and significantly improved serum enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) and also tissue enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), SOD and GSH-Px. NSO treatment resulted in lower total oxidant status (TOS) and higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels and also significant reduction in serum and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and protein carbonyl content (PCC) that were increased by renal I/R injury. The kidneys of untreated ischaemic rats had a higher histopathological score, while treatment with NSO nearly preserved the normal morphology of the kidney.CONCLUSIONS: In view of previous observations and our data, with the potent FR scavenger and antioxidant properties, NSO seems to be a highly promising agent for protecting tissues from oxidative damage and preventing organ damage due to renal I/R.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Urea Nitrogen', 'Catalase', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Nigella sativa', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Plant Preparations', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Superoxide Dismutase']
| 18,211,980
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.115', 'E01.370.390.400.100', 'E05.200.124.100.115'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D08.811.682.732.500'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['D02.047.700'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.836.750.518.750'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D20.215.784'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['C14.907.725', 'C23.550.767.877'], ['D08.811.682.881']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
MEK inhibition enhances ABT-737-induced leukemia cell apoptosis via prevention of ERK-activated MCL-1 induction and modulation of MCL-1/BIM complex.
|
Recently, strategies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy have been developed that target anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members using BH3-mimetic drugs such as ABT-737. Though effective against BCL2 and BCL-X(L), ABT-737 poorly inhibits MCL-1. Here we report that, unexpectedly, ABT-737 induces activation of the extracellular receptor activated kinase and induction of MCL-1 in AML cells. MEK inhibitors such as PD0325901 and CI-1040 have been used successfully to suppress MCL-1. We report that PD0325901 blocked ABT-737-induced MCL-1 expression, and when combined with ABT-737 resulted in potent synergistic killing of AML-derived cell lines, primary AML blast and CD34+38-123+ progenitor/stem cells. Finally, we tested the combination of ABT-737 and CI-1040 in a murine xenograft model using MOLM-13 human leukemia cells.Whereas control mice and CI-1040-treated mice exhibited progressive leukemia growth, ABT-737, and to a significantly greater extent, ABT-737+CI-1040 exerted major anti-leukemia activity. Collectively, results demonstrated unexpected anti-apoptotic interaction between the BCL2 family-targeted BH3-mimetic ABT-737 and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in AML cells: the BH3 mimetic is not only restrained in its activity by MCL-1, but also induces its expression. However, concomitant inhibition by BH3 mimetics and MEK inhibitors could abrogate this effect and may be developed into a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for patients with AML.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Bcl-2-Like Protein 11', 'Benzamides', 'Biphenyl Compounds', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Diphenylamine', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases', 'Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein', 'Nitrophenols', 'Piperazines', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Sulfonamides', 'bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']
| 22,064,351
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.360.075', 'D12.776.476.075'], ['D12.644.360.075.323', 'D12.776.476.075.323', 'D12.776.543.116', 'D12.776.624.664.700.025'], ['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D02.092.146.350'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249', 'D12.644.360.450.169', 'D12.776.476.450.169'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200', 'D12.644.360.440', 'D12.776.476.440'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.984', 'D12.776.476.075.718.968', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.566', 'D02.640.743'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.750', 'D12.776.476.075.718.425'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ethnicity and discordance in plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load and CD4+ lymphocyte count in a cohort of HIV-1-infected individuals.
|
BACKGROUND: Guidelines for commencing therapy for HIV infection have been based upon HIV-1 RNA and CD4 lymphocyte thresholds. The influence of confounding factors such as gender, ethnicity and co-infections is unproven.OBJECTIVES: To analyse ethnic discordance in plasma HIV-1 viral load (VL) and CD4+ count and its potential clinical significance in Black and Caucasian groups.STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study of 537 antiretroviral nai;ve HIV-1-positive individuals attending two East London clinics. Baseline data were obtained from individuals who registered at the clinic from November 1996 to August 1999. An analysis was performed comparing ethnic differences in plasma HIV-1 VL, CD4+ count, CD8+ count, co-infections, CDC disease category, AIDS-defining illnesses and mode of transmission.RESULTS: Plasma HIV-1 VL was significantly lower in Blacks (4.5 copies/ml versus 4.7 copies/ml; P<0.05) despite lower baseline CD4+ counts and similar rates of disease progression to Caucasian groups. This association remained for patients with less advanced disease after stratification for CD4+ count (CD4+ 200-500, VL 4.5 copies/ml versus 4.7 copies/ml, P<0.01; CD4+ >500, VL 3.4 copies/ml versus 4.3 copies/ml, P<0.001) and disease category (non-AIDS, 4.4 copies/ml versus 4.7 copies/ml; P<0.005). On multivariate analysis, the association persisted following adjustment for gender, age, co-infections, CD4+ count and mode of transmission.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that plasma HIV-1 VL is discordantly low in Black compared with Caucasian groups stratified for CD4+ count, in this cohort of antiretroviral nai;ve HIV-1-positive individuals living in London. Although there are a number of possible explanations for this finding, it has considerable clinical relevance for the management of Black HIV-1-infected patients within UK, with significant implications for the decision about when to commence antiretroviral or immune-based therapies.
|
['Adult', 'Africa South of the Sahara', 'African Continental Ancestry Group', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'Caribbean Region', 'Cohort Studies', 'Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Ethnic Groups', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'London', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA, Viral', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Viral Load', 'Viremia']
| 12,589,840
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.058.290'], ['M01.686.508.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150'], ['Z01.107.084'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N05.715.350.240', 'N06.850.490.718'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.433.553', 'Z01.542.363.300.553'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850'], ['C01.925.937', 'C23.550.470.790.500.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Clinical and arthrographic evaluation of the location of temporomandibular joint pain.
|
Two hundred five patients were prospectively examined for temporomandibular joint pain. Arthrograms were performed on 222 joints (188 unilateral and 17 bilateral). Pain in the ear occurred more frequently in arthrographically normal patients and in nonreducing meniscus patients compared with reducing meniscus patients. The location of pain in front of the ear, in the temples, or in the neck or the degree of pain intensity did not correlate to specific meniscal abnormalities. No correlation between the distribution and the character of headaches was observed. Pain characterization alone does not clinically separate meniscal abnormalities.
|
['Arthrography', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Facial Pain', 'Headache', 'Humans', 'Neck', 'Prospective Studies', 'Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome']
| 3,475,659
|
[['E01.370.350.700.070'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['C23.888.592.612.330'], ['C23.888.592.612.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.598'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C05.500.607.221.897.897', 'C05.550.905.905', 'C05.651.243.897.897', 'C05.651.550.905', 'C07.320.610.291.897.897', 'C07.678.949']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Contemporary Insertion of Central Venous Access Catheters in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Record Review Study of 538 Catheters in a Single Center.
|
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the rate of infections and complications after surgeon-performed, largely ultrasound-guided, central venous catheter (CVC) placement in a pediatric population and to identify patients at high risk of complications.METHODS: All children aged between 4 months and 19 years with a percutaneous CVC inserted between January 1, 2000, and July 31, 2013, were included. Patient records were reviewed retrospectively for the occurrence of infection and other complications until CVC removal or the last outpatient clinic visit and compared between patient groups and with the recent literature.RESULTS: A total of 538 CVCs were placed in 345 patients. Eight patients (1.5%) suffered complications during placement. There were 84 cases of a suspected CVC infection (15.6%). Catheter-related infections with a positive catheter tip culture occurred in 25 cases (4.6%). Older patients (odds ratio [OR] 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78-0.98) or patients with a double-lumen 7 French Bard-Hickman catheter (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.11-1.00) had a significantly lower risk of infection. Older patients (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.89-0.99) and patients with beta-thalassemia (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.17-0.71) also had a significantly lower risk of suspected infection.CONCLUSION: In general, infection rates in our series were similar to those in the recent literature. Younger patients seem to be at higher risk for CVC removal because of infection prior to the end of treatment. Patients with beta-thalassemia or receiving a double-lumen 7F Bard-Hickman catheter had a lower risk of infection.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Catheter-Related Infections', 'Catheterization, Central Venous', 'Central Venous Catheters', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Netherlands', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 27,740,892
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C01.195'], ['E02.148.167', 'E04.100.814.529.875', 'E04.502.382.875', 'E05.157.313'], ['E07.132.750.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Total Synthesis of (-)-Luminacin D.
|
A second-generation synthesis of (-)-luminacin D based on an early stage introduction of the trisubstituted epoxide group is reported, allowing access to the natural product in an improved yield and a reduced number of steps (5.4%, 17 steps vs 2.6%, 19 steps). A full account of the optimization work is provided, with the reversal of stereoselection in the formation of the C4 alcohol in equally excellent diastereoselectivity as the key improvement.
|
['Alcohols', 'Benzaldehydes', 'Cyclization', 'Epoxy Compounds', 'Spiro Compounds', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 27,054,953
|
[['D02.033'], ['D02.047.222'], ['G02.111.180', 'G02.607.133', 'G03.208'], ['D02.355.291.411'], ['D02.455.426.779', 'D04.711'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Gold nanoparticles as carriers for a synthetic Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 conjugate vaccine.
|
AIMS: Coupling of capsular polysaccharides of pathogens to immunogenic protein carriers (conjugate vaccines) improves carbohydrate immune response. Our idea is to explore gold nanoclusters as carriers to prepare fully synthetic carbohydrate vaccines.MATERIALS & METHODS: Gold glyconanoparticles bearing a synthetic tetrasaccharide epitope related to the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 capsular polysaccharide (Pn14PS), the T-helper ovalbumin 323-339 peptide (OVA(323-339)), and D-glucose were prepared by a one-pot method. Their immunogenicity was tested in mice. Cytokine levels after spleen cell stimulation with OVA(323-339) were analyzed using a luminex-multiplex cytokine assay. The capacity of the evoked antibodies to promote the uptake of S. pneumoniae type 14 by leukocytes was assessed.RESULTS & DISCUSSION: Glyconanoparticles containing 45% of tetrasaccharide and 5% OVA(323-339) triggered specific anti-Pn14PS IgG antibodies. Cytokine levels confirmed that glyconanoparticles led to T-helper cell activation. The anti-saccharide antibodies promoted the phagocytosis of type 14 bacteria by human leukocytes, indicating the functionality of the antibodies.CONCLUSION: Gold nanoparticles have great potential as carriers for the development of a great diversity of fully synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Capsules', 'Bacterial Vaccines', 'Carbohydrates', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Epitopes', 'Gold', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Nanoparticles', 'Phagocytosis', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'Vaccines, Conjugate']
| 22,630,149
|
[['B01.050'], ['A20.186'], ['D20.215.894.135'], ['D09'], ['E02.319.300'], ['D23.050.550'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.550', 'B03.510.400.800.872.550', 'B03.510.550.737.872.550'], ['D20.215.894.865.900', 'D23.050.865.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The familial occurrence of brain tumors.
|
This is a report of two parent-child families which developed intracranial neoplasm. There is no known history of brain tumor in other family members. Two instances of familial brain tumors are reported which are different from those seen in phakomatosis. Family one had posterior fossa tumors including astrocytoma and hemangioblastoma. The second family had endocrine-associated tumors consisting of pituitary adenoma and yolk sac tumor.
|
['Adenoma', 'Adult', 'Astrocytoma', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Endodermal Sinus Tumor', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Female', 'Hemangioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Pituitary Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 9,177,089
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C04.557.465.510.350'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['C04.557.645.375.380.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C04.588.322.609', 'C04.588.614.250.195.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.211.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.617.477.600', 'C10.228.140.617.738.675', 'C10.551.240.250.700.500.500', 'C19.344.609', 'C19.700.734'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Randomized dose-escalation designs for drug combination cancer trials with immunotherapy.
|
This work considers Phase I cancer dual-agent dose-escalation clinical trials in which one of the compounds is an immunotherapy. The distinguishing feature of trials considered is that the dose of one agent, referred to as a standard of care, is fixed and another agent is dose-escalated. Conventionally, the goal of a Phase I trial is to find the maximum tolerated combination (MTC). However, in trials involving an immunotherapy, it is also essential to test whether a difference in toxicities associated with the MTC and the standard of care alone is present. This information can give useful insights about the interaction of the compounds and can provide a quantification of the additional toxicity burden and therapeutic index. We show that both, testing for difference between toxicity risks and selecting MTC can be achieved using a Bayesian model-based dose-escalation design with two modifications. Firstly, the standard of care administrated alone is included in the trial as a control arm and each patient is randomized between the control arm and one of the combinations selected by a model-based design. Secondly, a flexible model is used to allow for toxicities at the MTC and the control arm to be modeled directly. We compare the performance of two-parameter and four-parameter logistic models with and without randomization to a current standard of such trials: a one-parameter model. It is found that at the cost of a small reduction in the proportion of correct selections in some scenarios, randomization provides a significant improvement in the ability to test for a difference in the toxicity risks. It also allows a better fitting of the combination-toxicity curve that leads to more reliable recommendations of the combination(s) to be studied in subsequent phases.
|
['Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic', 'Computer Simulation', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Maximum Tolerated Dose', 'Models, Statistical', 'Neoplasms', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Research Design']
| 30,352,007
|
[['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.200', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.200', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.200'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['E05.940.481', 'G07.690.936.625'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
T cell-depleted unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia.
|
The outcome for 39 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in remission who had CAMPATH 1M T cell-depleted unrelated donor bone marrow transplantations (BMTs) is described. Conditioning was mainly with cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) and total body irradiation (TBI) (14.4 Gy), but 5 patients received busulfan in place of TBI and 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. All patients received cyclosporin, and short-course methotrexate was given to recipients of mismatched grafts. The patient population was predominantly pediatric (median age, 10 years), but one third of the patients was aged 15 years or above. Twenty-five patients were in second complete remission (CR2), and 14 had high-risk CR1 disease (primarily failed remission induction or antecedent myelodysplastic syndrome, often with complex cytogenetic abnormalities). Both recipient and donor were cytomegalovirus seronegative in 15 of 37 cases (38%); 51% of patients were matched for HLA class I and II. Grade II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurred in 24% of patients; chronic GVHD occurred in 5 of 31 evaluable patients (16%), 4 extensive and 1 limited. Relapse occurred in 5 cases (13%); 1 of these 5 patients survives, 24 months after a second unrelated donor transplantation. Two of these relapses were associated with secondary graft failure (incidence rate, 5%). All patients engrafted primarily. Severe viral infection was the major transplant-associated complication, with 12 episodes in 9 patients, 5 of them lethal. Twenty-five patients survive at a median follow-up of 44 months (range, 2-102 months), with estimated actuarial overall and disease-free survival rates at 44 months of 61% (SE 8%) and 57% (SE 8%), respectively. Nineteen patients are more than 2 years post-BMT and may be cured. The functional status of long-term survivors is excellent, with 19 of 21 patients who survive 6 months or more in full-time employment or full-time students. These encouraging results suggest that in patients lacking a sibling donor, unrelated donor BMT for AML in remission achieves survival figures as good as or better than those reported on patients with autologous stem cell transplantation, and that T-cell depletion of grafts is associated with a low relapse rate and an excellent functional status. However, only a randomized study comparing unrelated donor BMT and auto-grafting will resolve which of these treatment strategies is better for patients with AML.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Graft Survival', 'Graft vs Host Disease', 'Histocompatibility Testing', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Lymphocyte Depletion', 'Male', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 11,128,816
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['C20.452'], ['E01.370.225.812.385', 'E05.200.812.385', 'E05.478.594.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['E02.095.465.425.450.521', 'E05.478.610.570'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An Integrated Approach to Determining Rural Tourist Satisfaction Factors Using the IPA and Conjoint Analysis.
|
Rural tourists satisfaction has a pivotal role in the development of sustainable rural tourism. As a method of identifying critical satisfaction factors, an importance and performance analysis (IPA) technique has attracted growing interest from academics due to it being able to deliver the importance and performance of a product's attributes from the standpoint of customers. However, IPA is based on the presumption that a linear and symmetrical relationship exists between the performance and overall satisfaction, which has been criticized by many researchers due to its deviation from the facts. On measurement of importance, researchers have not reached an agreement on whether direct or indirect approach should be applied. To measure satisfaction more effectively, this study presents a revised IPA method that integrates IPA, conjoint analysis and importance grid analysis. Based on mathematical psychology and psychometrics theory, the conjoint analysis method can be used to analyze multi-attributes of various products and derive relative importance of attributes in customer satisfaction research. The importance grid analysis method has been applied to categorize attributes by many researchers. It can be used to measure the nonlinear relationship between the performance of attributes and overall satisfaction. In this paper, an empirical study on rural tourists' satisfaction was undertaken using this integrated method. The results show that the integrated approach is more responsive to attribute performance, thus allowing for improvement of a certain target attribute in the customer satisfaction enhancement process.
|
['Adult', 'China', 'Consumer Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Personal Satisfaction', 'Travel']
| 31,614,640
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['F01.145.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.677'], ['I03.883']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
5-Hydroxytryptamine-mediated inhibition of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell-free system.
|
Addition of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to initiation dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell-free system caused marked reductions in endogenous mRNA- and poly(U)-directed protein synthesis. Comparison of the effects on protein synthesis of 5-HT with known inhibitors of initiation (aurintricarboxylic acid and polyinosinic acid) has revealed a similar action for the compounds, suggesting that the amine may exert its inhibitory effect on the initiation of protein synthesis.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Aurintricarboxylic Acid', 'Cell-Free System', 'Poly I', 'Polyribonucleotides', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rabbits', 'Reticulocytes', 'Serotonin', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Tryptophan']
| 7,403,658
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.241.223.268.070'], ['A11.284.835.168'], ['D13.695.578.550.650'], ['D13.695.578.550'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['A11.118.290.760', 'A11.148.790', 'A11.443.240.665', 'A15.145.229.334.760', 'A15.378.316.790'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.125.072.050.850', 'D12.125.142.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Cytogenetic and molecular genetic diagnostics of Rett syndrome in children].
|
Rett syndrome in 32 children (31 girls and 1 boy) was diagnosed according to International association on Rett syndrome. The phenomenon of the presence of special type of late-replicating chromosome X (type C) was revealed. This phenomenon may be recommended as a diagnostic test for both preclinical periods of development of the disease and in atypical cases of Rett syndrome.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'DNA Probes', 'DNA Replication', 'Female', 'Genetic Markers', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Karyotyping', 'Male', 'Pedigree', 'Rett Syndrome', 'Sex Chromosome Aberrations', 'X Chromosome']
| 9,606,901
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['E05.393.673'], ['C10.597.606.360.455.937', 'C16.320.322.500.937', 'C16.320.400.525.937'], ['C23.550.210.815', 'G05.365.590.175.815'], ['A11.284.187.865.982', 'G05.360.162.865.982']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The potential roles of cell migration and extra-cellular matrix interactions in Dupuytren's disease progression and recurrence.
|
Dupuytren's disease is a pathological condition of the palmar fascia characterized by the formation of contractile disease cords that result in permanent finger contracture. This condition is believed to progress from a myofibroblast-rich nodule in the early clinical stages of the disease to a contractile disease cord spanning a portion of the fascia, leading to contracture of one or more digits. The mechanism(s) by which this disease progresses from a nodule to a collagenous disease cord are poorly understood. Here, we discuss two possible models of disease progression. Firstly, disease progression might be mediated by the proliferation and outward migration of disease cells from within the nodule to populate the adjacent palmar fascia, resulting in a disease cord containing contractile cells derived from the nodule itself. Alternatively, nodular cells may secrete disease-associated factors into the surrounding extra-cellular matrix, thereby altering its composition and triggering quiescent, phenotypically normal cells in the adjacent palmar fascia to take on a proliferative and contractile phenotype. Based on the available evidence and the current state of knowledge of myofibroblast biology, we hypothesize that extra-cellular matrix interactions resulting in conversion of adjacent palmar fascia cells to a disease phenotype is more likely than cell migration from the nodule. Understanding the mechanisms of Dupuytren's disease progression will assist in the development of effective therapeutic interventions to address the high clinical recurrence rate of this condition.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Movement', 'Disease Progression', 'Dupuytren Contracture', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Fascia', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Myoblasts', 'Recurrence']
| 19,896,280
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.340.173', 'C05.651.197.270', 'C17.300.270'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['A02.340', 'A10.165.425'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A11.872.620'], ['C23.550.291.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification and Functional Characterization of Two Sigma Glutathione S-Transferase Genes From Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae).
|
The bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), is an insect pest that persistently attacks wheat crops worldwide. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important detoxification enzymes that play roles in insecticide resistance. In this study, we identified two GST genes (RpGSTS1 and RpGSTS2) from R. padi. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the genes are associated with the sigma class of insect GSTs. The RpGSTS1 and RpGSTS2 contain nine á-helices and five â-sheets connected by loops, and had 60 and 50% homology with the 3D structure of the Blattella germanica GST5. We tested the toxicity of chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, isoprocarb, sulfoxaflor, and ë-cyhalothrin to R. padi, and found that the toxicity of five insecticides to the aphid varied. The detoxification activity of GSTs and the expression patterns of RpGSTS1 and RpGSTS2 after insecticide treatments were also analyzed. Compared to the control, the GST activity was increased by 23, 18.5, 13, and 11.5% in aphids treated by LC50 concentrations of chlorpyrifos, isoprocarb, imidacloprid, and sulfoxaflor, respectively. Exposure to different chemical insecticides showed different effects on the expression of RpGSTS1 and RpGSTS2. These results indicate that RpGSTS1 and RpGSTS2 have unique biochemical characteristics and may play roles in resistance to insecticides in R. padi.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Aphids', 'Glutathione Transferase']
| 30,371,799
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412.165'], ['D08.811.913.225.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The biochemical anatomy of cortical inhibitory synapses.
|
Classical electron microscopic studies of the mammalian brain revealed two major classes of synapses, distinguished by the presence of a large postsynaptic density (PSD) exclusively at type 1, excitatory synapses. Biochemical studies of the PSD have established the paradigm of the synapse as a complex signal-processing machine that controls synaptic plasticity. We report here the results of a proteomic analysis of type 2, inhibitory synaptic complexes isolated by affinity purification from the cerebral cortex. We show that these synaptic complexes contain a variety of neurotransmitter receptors, neural cell-scaffolding and adhesion molecules, but that they are entirely lacking in cell signaling proteins. This fundamental distinction between the functions of type 1 and type 2 synapses in the nervous system has far reaching implications for models of synaptic plasticity, rapid adaptations in neural circuits, and homeostatic mechanisms controlling the balance of excitation and inhibition in the mature brain.
|
['Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neural Inhibition', 'Protein Transport', 'Receptors, GABA-A', 'Synapses', 'Xenopus']
| 22,768,092
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D12.776.631'], ['G07.265.755', 'G11.561.616'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
X-linked genetic factors regulate hematopoietic stem-cell kinetics in females.
|
X inactivation makes females mosaics for 2 cell populations, usually with an approximate 1:1 distribution. Skewing of this distribution in peripheral blood cells is more common among elderly women. The depletion of hematopoietic stem cells followed by random differentiation may explain the acquired skewing with age. However, an animal model suggests that selection processes based on X-linked genetic factors are involved. We studied peripheral blood cells from 71 monozygotic twin pairs aged 73 to 93 years and from 33 centenarians, and we found that with age, 1 of the cell populations becomes predominant for most women. We also observed a strong tendency for the same cell line to become predominant in 2 co-twins. This suggests that X-linked genetic factors influence human hematopoietic stem cell kinetics. The fact that females have 2 cell lines with different potentials could be one of the reasons women live longer than men.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Dosage Compensation, Genetic', 'Female', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'X Chromosome']
| 10,733,522
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G04.152'], ['G05.308.203.249'], ['G05.348'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['A11.284.187.865.982', 'G05.360.162.865.982']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of the osteoinductive capacity and angiogenicity of an in vitro generated extracellular matrix.
|
In this study, the osteoinductive potential of an in vitro generated extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited by marrow stromal cells seeded onto titanium fiber mesh scaffolds and cultured in a flow perfusion bioreactor was investigated. Culture periods of 8, 12, and 16 days were selected to allow for different amounts of ECM deposition by the cells as well as ECM with varying degrees of maturity (Ti/ECM/d8, Ti/ECM/d12, and Ti/ECM/d16, respectively). These ECM-containing constructs were implanted intramuscularly in a rat animal model. After 56 days, histologic analysis of retrieved constructs revealed no bone formation in any of the implants. Surrounding many of the implants was a fibrous capsule, which was often interspersed with fat cells. Within the pore spaces, the predominant tissue response was the presence of blood vessels and young fibroblasts or fat cells. The number of blood vessels on a per area basis calculated from a histomorphometric analysis increased as a function of the amount of ECM within the implanted constructs, with a significant difference between Ti/ECM/d16 and plain Ti constructs. These results indicate that although an in vitro generated ECM alone may not induce bone formation at an ectopic site, its use may enhance the vascularization of implanted constructs.
|
['Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Implants, Experimental', 'Male', 'Materials Testing', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Osteogenesis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Stromal Cells', 'Tissue Engineering', 'Tissue Scaffolds', 'Titanium']
| 18,286,641
|
[['B01.050'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['E07.695.340'], ['E05.570'], ['G09.330.630'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['A11.329.830'], ['E05.481.500.311.500', 'J01.293.069.249.500'], ['E07.206.627', 'E07.695.825'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Long-Term Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes following Resolution of Sleep Disordered Breathing in Preschool Children.
|
This study aimed to determine the long term effects of resolution of SDB in preschool children, either following treatment or spontaneous recovery, on cognition and behavior. Children diagnosed with SDB at 3-5y (N = 35) and non-snoring controls (N = 25), underwent repeat polysomnography (PSG) and cognitive and behavioral assessment 3 years following a baseline study. At follow-up, children with SDB were grouped into Resolved and Unresolved. Resolution was defined as: obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI) ?1 event/h; no snoring detected on PSG; and no parental report of habitual snoring. 57% (20/35) of children with SDB received treatment, with SDB resolving in 60% (12/20). 43% (15/35) were untreated, of whom 40% (6/15) had spontaneous resolution of SDB. Cognitive reduced between baseline and follow-up, however this was not related to persistent disease, with no difference in cognitive outcomes between Resolved, Unresolved or Control groups. Behavioral functioning remained significantly worse in children originally diagnosed with SDB compared to control children, regardless of resolution. Change in OAHI did not predict cognitive or behavioral outcomes, however a reduction in nocturnal arousals, irrespective of full resolution, was associated with improvement in attention and aggressive behavior. These results suggest that resolution of SDB in preschool children has little effect on cognitive or behavioral outcomes over the long term. The association between sleep fragmentation and behavior appears independent of SDB, however may be moderated by concomitant SDB. This challenges the assumption that treatment of SDB will ameliorate associated cognitive and behavioural deficits and supports the possibility of a SDB phenotype.
|
['Child Behavior', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cognition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Polysomnography', 'Sleep Apnea Syndromes', 'Sleep Deprivation', 'Snoring']
| 26,418,065
|
[['F01.145.179'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F02.463.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E01.370.520.625'], ['C08.618.085.852', 'C10.886.425.800.750'], ['C10.886.425.175', 'C23.888.592.796.772', 'F02.830.855.671', 'F03.870.400.099'], ['C23.888.852.779.850']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Phosphatase SHP-1 promotes TLR- and RIG-I-activated production of type I interferon by inhibiting the kinase IRAK1.
|
Unbalanced production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons in immune responses may lead to immunopathology; thus, the mechanisms that ensure the beneficial production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons are of particular importance. Here we demonstrate that the phosphatase SHP-1 negatively regulated Toll-like receptor-mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Simultaneously, SHP-1 increased the production of type I interferon mediated by Toll-like receptors and the helicase RIG-I by directly binding to and inhibiting activation of the kinase IRAK1. Our data demonstrate that SHP-1 contributes to immune homeostasis by balancing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons in the innate immune response.
|
['Animals', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Cytokines', 'Homeostasis', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Interferon Regulatory Factor-1', 'Interferon Type I', 'Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases', 'Macrophages, Peritoneal', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases', 'NF-kappa B', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Signal Transduction', 'Toll-Like Receptors']
| 18,391,954
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G07.410'], ['G12.450.564'], ['D12.644.360.024.302.124', 'D12.776.157.057.050.124', 'D12.776.260.108.374', 'D12.776.260.504.124', 'D12.776.476.024.385.124', 'D12.776.930.127.374', 'D12.776.930.332.124'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890', 'D23.529.374.440.890'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.526', 'D12.644.360.370', 'D12.776.476.384'], ['A11.329.372.630', 'A11.627.482.630', 'A11.733.397.630', 'A15.382.670.522.630', 'A15.382.680.397.630'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200', 'D12.644.360.440', 'D12.776.476.440'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D12.776.631'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.300.600', 'D08.811.277.352.650.775.700.200', 'D12.644.360.585.600', 'D12.644.360.800.200', 'D12.776.476.564.600', 'D12.776.476.800.200'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Parental perspectives of diabetes management in Alabama public schools.
|
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess parental perceptions of the current state of care for children with diabetes in the Alabama public school system, identify existing disparities, and determine what resources would most improve diabetes management in this setting. There is a significant need for such information because of the paucity of published data on the current state of diabetes care in Alabama public schools.METHODS: We based our survey on the American Diabetes Association guidelines and collected responses on the Internet via SurveyMonkey and by paper surveys. We distributed surveys to parents of children with diabetes through the Children's Hospital endocrinology clinic, a diabetes camp, and through the Alabama Association of School Nurses e-mail listserv.RESULTS: A majority of children had type 1 diabetes mellitus. Students who could conveniently check their blood glucose levels (BGLs) at school were significantly more likely to participate in all school activities and their parents were significantly more likely to be satisfied with their child's diabetes care at school. Compared with minority students (defined as all races other than white), white students were more likely to be able to conveniently check their BGLs at school.CONCLUSIONS: The accommodation and care for children with diabetes is highly variable within much of the Alabama public school system. The ability to conveniently check BGLs at school is key for participation in all school activities and for parental satisfaction with diabetes care at school. Institution of a uniform, statewide diabetes training protocol for school personnel could improve care and parental satisfaction.
|
['Alabama', 'Child', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Disease Management', 'Female', 'Healthcare Disparities', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'School Health Services', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 23,558,417
|
[['Z01.107.567.875.075.100', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['N04.590.607'], ['N04.590.374.380', 'N05.300.493'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['N02.421.726.809'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Clinical utility of intraprocedural three-dimensional integrated image guided transcatheter aortic valve implantation using novel automated computed tomography software: A single-center preliminary experience.
|
OBJECTIVES: Novel automated computed tomography (CT) software (Valve ASSIST 2) has been developed for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), which not only provides three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of multidetector (MD) CT images, but also enables intraprocedural real-time fusion of fluoroscopic and MDCT images. We aimed to clarify the reproducibility and accuracy of this software in the aortic annulus assessment and verify the potential of intraprocedural integrated MDCT imaging for TAVI.METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined 50 patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transfemoral TAVI. Aortic annulus measurements were performed using 3mensio and the novel planning software. For intraprocedural imaging, preoperative CT dataset was overlaid onto fluoroscopy with the fusion software. The two images were aligned using the aortic root anatomy visible on both modalities. Novel planning software provided excellent reproducibility for the measurement of aortic annulus area (intraobserver intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] 0.959, interobserver ICC 0.941), and perimeter (intraobserver ICC 0.915, interobserver ICC 0.912). Excellent correlation was found between novel planning software and 3mensio (ICC 0.952 for aortic annulus area, and 0.923 for perimeter). Intraprocedural fusion image of CT aortography and fluoroscopic aortic root aortography generated by this novel software identified coronary orifices and the distribution of aortic valve calcification during the device positioning. Fusion image displayed coronary orifices after device implantation.CONCLUSIONS: Novel planning software showed excellent reproducibility and accuracy in the assessment of aortic root anatomy. Furthermore, the integrated 3D fusion image might have a potential as an intraprocedural imaging modality to contribute to the development of a safer TAVI procedure.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aortic Valve', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Calcinosis', 'Female', 'Fluoroscopy', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Male', 'Multidetector Computed Tomography', 'Multimodal Imaging', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Preliminary Data', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Software', 'Surgery, Computer-Assisted', 'Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,408,327
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A07.541.510.110'], ['C14.280.484.048.750', 'C14.280.955.249'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['E01.370.350.700.225'], ['E07.695.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E01.370.350.350.810.800.500', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.800.500', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.800.500', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.800.249', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.800.249'], ['E01.370.350.567'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.308.763', 'N05.715.360.300.638', 'N06.850.520.308.763'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E04.749'], ['E04.100.376.485.500', 'E04.650.410.500', 'E04.928.220.410.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Education in palliative care: a qualitative evaluation of the present state and the needs of general practitioners and community nurses.
|
A questionnaire survey was carried out of all general practitioners, community hospital nurses and community nurses working in Worcester Health District in the west of England, to assess the present state and future needs of their education in palliative care. The overall response rate of the survey was 72%. The respondents were an experienced group of doctors and nurses. They felt that their undergraduate or basic training did not prepare them to care for dying patients in the community. Educational needs were identified: control of symptoms other than pain and bereavement care were priorities for doctors. Community hospital nurses rated pain control education as a major need. Alternative medicine and caring for dying children were additional areas for further education for the general practitioner and community nurses. Ninety per cent of general practitioners, 84% of community hospital nurses and 95% of community nurses felt that multi-disciplinary teaching sessions would be helpful. Analysis of their responses revealed that these would be most likely to succeed it they were arranged in the middle of the day during lunch or in the evenings. The doctors felt that they lacked protected learning time. Nurses also felt this, but in addition, identified lack of finance as a limiting factor in their post-basic education. There was evidence that existing educational resources in the district are under-utilized.
|
['Community Health Nursing', 'Hospitals, Community', 'Humans', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Physicians, Family', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Terminal Care']
| 7,711,971
|
[['H02.478.676.150', 'N02.421.143.150'], ['N02.278.421.306'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['M01.526.485.810.770', 'N02.360.810.770'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E02.760.905', 'N02.421.585.905']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Chinese midwives' experience of providing continuity of care to labouring women.
|
OBJECTIVE: to explore and describe Chinese midwives' experience of providing one-to-one continuity of care to labouring women.DESIGN: a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. Data were collected using open-ended, tape-recorded interviews. The analysis of the transcribed texts included searching for themes sorted into clusters for a final expression of the essential structure of the phenomenon.SETTING: Obstetrics and gynaecology hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.PARTICIPANTS: 12 midwives, providing one-to-one continuity of care to labouring women.FINDINGS: two main categories were identified: (1) midwives' feelings on providing continuity of care, and (2) impact of on-call system on midwives providing continuity of care. Key themes emerged from each main category: (1) 'playing important roles in labour care', 'gaining a sense of self-achievement', 'falling into exhaustion and frustration' and 'coping with caring work'; and (2) 'on-call syndrome', 'affecting personal lives' and 'managing on-call shift'. The midwives experienced mixed feelings of being with women and expressed their adaptation to being on-call, which was the essence of this study. They played important roles in caring for women, gained a sense of self-achievement and developed suitable coping strategies. However, they also indicated the impact of the on-call system upon them in the process of providing continuity of care.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: midwives have gained both positive and negative experiences when providing continuity of care to labouring women. The positive aspects may facilitate other professional midwives working in a similar role, whereas the negative aspects may inform them of learning to live with this situation, and may also have implications for managers to develop new approaches to the organisation and provision of continuity of care to support midwives' practice, and to fully utilise 'flexibility' under an on-call system.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'China', 'Continuity of Patient Care', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Midwifery', "Nurse's Role", 'Nurse-Patient Relations', 'Parturition', 'Personnel Staffing and Scheduling', 'Pregnancy', 'Qualitative Research']
| 19,700,229
|
[['F01.058'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E02.760.169', 'N02.421.585.169', 'N04.590.233.727.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.478.676.416'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['F01.829.401.650.600', 'N05.300.660.560'], ['G08.686.784.769.490'], ['I03.946.225', 'N04.452.677.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['H01.770.644.241.850']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Intramembrane electrostatic interactions destabilize lipid vesicles.
|
Membrane stability is of central concern in many biology and biotechnology processes. It has been suggested that intramembrane electrostatic interactions play a key role in membrane stability. However, due primarily to a lack of supporting experimental evidence, they are not commonly considered in mechanical analyses of lipid membranes. In this paper, we use the micropipette aspiration technique to characterize the elastic moduli and critical tensions of lipid vesicles with varying surface charge. Charge was induced by doping neutral phosphatidylcholine vesicles with anionic lipids phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. Measurements were taken in potassium chloride (moderate ion-lipid binding) and tetramethylammonium chloride (low ion-lipid binding) solutions. We show that inclusion of anionic lipid does not appreciably alter the areal dilation elasticity of lipid vesicles. However, the tension required for vesicle rupture decreases with increasing anionic lipid fraction and is a function of electrolyte composition. Using vesicles with 30% charged (i.e., unbound) anionic lipid, we measured critical tension reductions of 75%, demonstrating the important role of electrostatic interactions in membrane stability.
|
['Biophysical Phenomena', 'Biophysics', 'Electrolytes', 'Glucose', 'Ions', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Phosphatidic Acids', 'Phosphatidylglycerols', 'Potassium Chloride', 'Salts', 'Static Electricity']
| 12,324,419
|
[['G01.154'], ['H01.158.344', 'H01.671.100'], ['D01.248'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D01.248.497'], ['G03.458'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['E05.599'], ['D10.570.755.375.760'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.885'], ['D01.210.450.150.750', 'D01.745.625'], ['D01.786'], ['G01.358.500.249.820']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A new species of Raspy cricket genus <i>Gryllacris</i> (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) from Central India.
|
Gryllacris durgensis sp. nov. is described from the Durg district, Chhattisgarh, India. The detailed morphological characters of adult male, female and nymph are provided.
|
['Animal Distribution', 'Animal Structures', 'Animals', 'Body Size', 'Female', 'Gryllidae', 'India', 'Male', 'Organ Size', 'Orthoptera']
| 29,245,575
|
[['F01.145.113.069', 'G16.049'], ['A13'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.678.410'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.678']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
A comparison of two bipolar exercise electrocardiographic leads to lead V5.
|
ST-segment depression and slope were compared in three lead systems (V5, CC5, and CM5) and in two groups of patients using both visual analysis of electrocardiographic paper and computerized techniques. Bipolar lead CC5 was found to be comparable to lead V5 when visual analysis of electrocardiographic recordings was utilized. Bipolar lead CM5 was found not to be comparable to lead V5 and to be less sensitive if classic criteria for slope were used. The technique of computerized analysis mad measurements of slope and amplitude to a reproducible level not possible with the standard technique. Statistically significant differences were found between the exercise electrocardiographic leads utilizing computerized electrocardiographic analysis . We conclude that computerized techniques of electrocardiographic analysis require new criteria for defining an abnormal repolarization response. The criteria must be specific for different electrocardiographic leads if the repolarization changes in these leads are to have comparable diagnostic significance.
|
['Adult', 'Computers', 'Computers, Analog', 'Electrocardiography', 'Exercise Test', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 975,977
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['L01.224.230.260'], ['L01.224.230.260.230'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The influence of desensitizing dentifrices on pain induced by in-office bleaching.
|
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the use of desensitizing dentifrices used 15 days prior to and after in-office tooth bleaching could eliminate or reduce tooth sensitivity. After institutional review board approval and informed consent, 45 subjects were selected and divided into 3 groups according to the dentifrice selected: Colgate Total (CT), Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief (CS) or Sensodyne ProNamel (SP). The subjects used toothpaste and a toothbrush provided to them for 15 days prior to bleaching. They were then submitted to two in-office bleaching sessions (Whiteness HP Blue Calcium). Their tooth sensitivity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for a week after each session. Their tooth shade alteration was measured with a Vitapan Classical shade guide to determine if the dentifrices could influence the effectiveness of the bleaching agent. The data were submitted to Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (á = 0.05). The use of desensitizing dentifrices did not affect the bleaching efficacy. In regard to tooth sensitivity, there was a statistically significant difference between the results of the Control Group and Group T2 after the first session (p = 0.048). There was no statistically significant difference in the results for the other groups after the first session. In regard to the second session, there was no statistically significant difference in the results for all the groups. The use of a desensitizing dentifrice containing nitrate potassium reduced tooth sensitivity during the bleaching regimen. Dentifrices containing arginine and calcium carbonate did not reduce tooth sensitivity. Color change was not influenced by the dentifrices used.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Color', 'Complex Mixtures', 'Dentifrices', 'Dentin Desensitizing Agents', 'Dentin Sensitivity', 'Drug Combinations', 'Female', 'Fluorides', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nitrates', 'Phosphates', 'Potassium Compounds', 'Premedication', 'Random Allocation', 'Silicic Acid', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Time Factors', 'Tooth Bleaching', 'Tooth Bleaching Agents', 'Toothache', 'Toothpastes', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 24,346,050
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['D20'], ['D25.376', 'D27.720.269.380', 'J01.637.051.376'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.640', 'D27.505.954.427.040.437'], ['C07.793.266'], ['D26.310'], ['D01.248.497.158.380', 'D01.303.350.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D01.745'], ['E02.319.703'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['D01.029.260.863', 'D01.837.725.700'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E06.420.750'], ['D27.720.642.315.500'], ['C07.793.929', 'C23.888.592.612.330.500'], ['D25.376.711', 'J01.637.051.376.711'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of basilar membrane arch and radial tension on the travelling wave in gerbil cochlea.
|
The basilar membrane velocity of gerbil cochlea showed discrepancy between theoretical model and experimental measurements. We hypothesize that the reasons of such discrepancies are due to the arch towards the scala tympani and radial tension present in the basilar membrane of the gerbil cochlea. The arch changes the bending stiffness in the basilar membrane, reduces the effective fluid force on the membrane and increases the basilar membrane's inertia. The existence of the radial tension also dampens the acoustic travelling wave. In this paper, the wave number functions along the gerbil basilar membrane are calculated from experimentally measured physical parameters with the theoretical model as well as extracted from experimentally measured basilar membrane velocity with the wave number inversion formula. The two wave number functions are compared and the effects of the tension and membrane arch on the wave number are studied based on various parameters of the model. We found that the bending stiffness across the gerbil basilar membrane varies (1-2 orders along the cochlea in the section 2.2 mm-3 mm from base) more than the calculated value in the flat basilar membrane model and the radial tension increases the damping of the travelling wave in gerbil cochlea significantly (5 times more than that without radial tension). These effects of arch and radial tension in the basilar membrane elucidate the discrepancy between previous theoretical model and experimental measurements in gerbil cochlea.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Animals', 'Basilar Membrane', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Cochlea', 'Elasticity', 'Gerbillinae', 'Hearing', 'Models, Animal', 'Models, Biological', 'Motion', 'Time Factors']
| 26,070,425
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['B01.050'], ['A09.246.300.246.125', 'A10.615.179.124'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A09.246.300.246'], ['G01.374.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.300'], ['F02.830.816.263', 'G07.888.500', 'G11.561.790.263'], ['E05.598'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G01.482'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Digital processing and densitometry of tomograms in central lung cancer].
|
Additional information on an x-ray picture of peribronchial changes in tumorous and non-tumorous lesions of the lungs were obtained in 54 patients (40 with bronchogenic, mostly central cancer and 14 with chronic inflammatory diseases) in order to study roentgenological symptomatology before and after computerized processing of tomographic images using a method of linear filtration. Image processing with the measurement of densitometric indicators provides additional information for the estimation of bronchial affection by tumor infiltration. The same method can be of value for the detection of early signs of lung cancer in patients with peribronchial changes of obscure etiology.
|
['Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 2,270,660
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Management of hemangioma in the infant].
|
Foster child hemangioma management depends on its usual spontaneously regressive evolution as it is a transient and benign vascular tumor like lesion. Most of the time clinical follow up is the only management. Investigations are indicated if treatment is needed (for decision and follow up) concerning only hemangiomas with a bad functional or esthetic prognosis (peri-orificial lesions and large locations of the face) or complicated hemangiomas with life-risk as sub glottic hemangioma, Kasabach and Merritt Syndrome, diffuse and liver hemangiomatosis possibly associated to cardiac failure. Basic treatment remains systemic corticosteroids with indications for early surgery or intralesional corticosteroids.
|
['Ear Neoplasms', 'Eyelid Neoplasms', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hemangioma', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lip Neoplasms', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Nose Neoplasms', 'Prognosis']
| 1,588,231
|
[['C04.588.443.665.312', 'C09.218.334', 'C09.647.312'], ['C04.588.443.392.500', 'C11.319.421', 'C11.338.526'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C04.557.645.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C04.588.443.591.550', 'C07.465.409.640', 'C07.465.530.550'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['C04.588.149.721.600', 'C04.588.443.665.650', 'C05.116.231.754.600', 'C08.460.669', 'C08.785.600', 'C09.603.669', 'C09.647.685'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Spermatogenesis of a marine snail, Littorina sitkana.
|
The fine structure of the spermatogonium, spermatocyte and spermatid of a marine snail, Littorina sitkana is described. The ring centriole (annulus) is formed from the distal centriole and it migrates to the base of the mitochondrial region where it lies in a joint-like structure which is formed by an area of invaginated plasma membrane. The distal and proximal centrioles are at first perpendicular to each other but the proximal centriole rotates to a position coaxial with the distal centriole and fuses with it. The peripheral doublet fibers are continuous between the two centrioles but the central fibers originate only in the distal centriole. The acrosome differentiates from the proacrosomal granule which is derived from a Golgi body. Microtubules, present at this stage, may assist acrosomal formation. Chromatin condensation begins with the formation of fibrous strands, then to lamellar plates which become folded and later twisted around the flagellar shaft. In the final stages the lamellae appear in cross section as concentric rings which eventually fuse to form a homogeneously dense nuclear tube.
|
['Acrosome', 'Animals', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Chromatin', 'Male', 'Snails', 'Spermatids', 'Spermatocytes', 'Spermatogenesis', 'Spermatogonia', 'Spermatozoa']
| 963,725
|
[['A05.360.490.890.820.100', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550.040', 'A11.497.760.400.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180', 'D12.776.664.224', 'G05.360.160.180'], ['B01.050.500.644.400.750'], ['A05.360.490.890.860', 'A11.497.760.600'], ['A05.360.490.890.880', 'A11.497.760.700'], ['G04.152.650.624', 'G08.686.784.310.760'], ['A05.360.490.890.900', 'A11.497.760.800'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structured dietary intervention to facilitate weight loss after bariatric surgery: A randomized, controlled pilot study.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential utility of a structured dietary intervention to assist bariatric surgery patients with weight management.METHODS: Participants who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery 1 year previously were randomly assigned to a structured dietary intervention incorporating portion-controlled foods (intervention, n = 20) or a comparison group (control, n = 20). Both groups received instruction in behavioral weight loss (one 60-min session) followed by four monthly coaching telephone calls. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 4 months (post-intervention), and 6 months.RESULTS: Participants were 85% female and 80% White. Average age was 46.9 (11.1) years, and body mass index was 31.3 (5.4) kg/m(2) at enrollment. Percent weight change from enrollment was significantly greater for intervention compared with control participants at 4 months [-4.56% vs. -0.13%, t(30) = -3.29, P = 0.003] and 6 months [-4.07% vs. -0.14%, t(31) = -2.03, P = 0.05]. Change in average daily calorie intake was greater among intervention compared with control [-108 vs. 116, t(30) = -2.01, P = 0.05] at 4 months only.CONCLUSIONS: A structured dietary intervention increased weight loss and reduced calorie intake when initiated 1 year following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. This approach holds promise for optimizing postsurgery lifestyle change.
|
['Adult', 'Bariatric Surgery', 'Diet', 'Female', 'Food Preferences', 'Health Education', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity, Morbid', 'Pilot Projects', 'Research Design', 'Weight Loss']
| 27,466,039
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.650.500.062', 'E04.062'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['F01.145.407.516', 'G07.203.650.353.516'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500.700', 'C23.888.144.699.500.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['C23.888.144.243.963', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.963']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of hyperinsulinaemia on the function of the pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy man.
|
OBJECTIVE: Circulating insulin levels in themselves have been reported to influence the counter-regulatory hormone response to hypoglycaemia in man. The effect of insulin on a specific aspect of this response was examined during euglycaemia by stimulating the pituitary-adrenal axis with human corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH).SUBJECTS: Eight healthy males.DESIGN: Following an overnight fast, insulin was infused at 15 (low) and 60 (high) mU/kg/h from 0900 h for 180 minutes on separate occasions in random order. On each occasion, blood glucose was clamped at euglycaemia, and 1 microgram/kg (i.v. bolus) human CRH was administered at 120 minutes.MEASUREMENTS: Circulating hormone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Peak cortisol and ACTH responses were compared for the two study conditions.RESULTS: Mean serum insulin levels were threefold higher during the high compared with the low insulin infusion (mean difference 320 pmol/l, 95% confidence interval (CI) 150-490, P < 0.001). Blood glucose levels during the clamps were comparable (mean difference 0.15 mmol/l, 95% CI 0-0.63). Plasma cortisol levels increased following CRH, although the peak concentration was significantly lower during the high insulin infusion (mean difference 36 nmol/l, CI 0-110, P < 0.02). However, peak ACTH levels were comparable for the two insulin levels (mean difference 8 ng/l (1.8 pmol/l), CI 0-50).CONCLUSIONS: The peak cortisol response to CRH was diminished at the higher circulating insulin levels. This was not dependent upon concurrent hypoglycaemia and did not appear to be mediated at the level of the pituitary gland.
|
['Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Pituitary-Adrenal System', 'Stimulation, Chemical']
| 8,187,315
|
[['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.140', 'D12.644.400.400.740.140', 'D12.644.548.365.740.140', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['A06.300.691'], ['G07.690.773.996']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Phenotypic variability in familial combined pituitary hormone deficiency caused by a PROP1 gene mutation resulting in the substitution of Arg-->Cys at codon 120 (R120C).
|
As pituitary function depends on the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, any defect in the development and organogenesis of this gland may account for a form of combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). A mutation in a novel, tissue-specific, paired-like homeodomain transcription factor, termed Prophet of Pit-1 (PROP1), has been identified as causing the Ames dwarf (df) mouse phenotype, and thereafter, different PROP1 gene alterations have been found in humans with CPHD. We report on the follow-up of two consanguineous families (n = 12), with five subjects affected with CPHD (three males and two females) caused by the same nucleotide C to T transition, resulting in the substitution of Arg-->Cys in PROP1 at codon 120. Importantly, there is a variability of phenotype, even among patients with the same mutation. The age at diagnosis was dependent on the severity of symptoms, ranging from 9 months to 8 yr. Although in one patient TSH deficiency was the first symptom of the disorder, all patients became symptomatic by exhibiting severe growth retardation and failure to thrive, which was mainly caused by GH deficiency (n = 4). The secretion of the pituitary-derived hormones (GH, PRL, TSH, LH, and FSH) declined gradually with age, following a different pattern in each individual; therefore, the deficiencies developed over a variable period of time. All of the subjects entered puberty spontaneously, and the two females also experienced menarche and periods before a replacement therapy was necessary.
|
['Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Codon', 'Female', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Pedigree', 'Phenotype', 'Pituitary Hormones', 'Transcription Factors']
| 9,768,691
|
[['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D13.444.735.544.355', 'G05.360.335.355', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.695'], ['D06.472.699.631', 'D12.644.548.691'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for chronic hydrocephalus after tuberculous meningitis.
|
BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedures are indicated in patients with hydrocephalus after tuberculous meningitis (TBM). We present 2 patients with hydrocephalus after TBM who were successfully treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV).METHODS: Two patients had been diagnosed with hydrocephalus after TBM and had undergone ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery for the same. They presented with multiple episodes of shunt dysfunction. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was performed (twice for one patient), and the patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically after the procedure.RESULTS: On long-term clinical follow-up (3 and 2 years, respectively), both patients were asymptomatic after the ETV. The first patient was radiologically evaluated 7 months after the procedure and the second patient 2 years after the procedure. The first patient showed a decrease in ventricular size. The second patient did not show any significant change in the ventricular size.CONCLUSION: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy can be considered as a safe and long-lasting solution for hydrocephalus after chronic TBM.
|
['Adult', 'Chronic Disease', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hydrocephalus', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Third Ventricle', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tuberculosis, Meningeal', 'Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt', 'Ventriculostomy']
| 15,639,516
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.602'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['A08.186.211.140.840'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C01.150.252.223.500.937', 'C01.150.252.223.850.800', 'C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.570.600', 'C01.207.180.500.937', 'C01.207.180.850.800', 'C10.228.228.180.500.937', 'C10.228.228.180.850.800', 'C10.228.614.280.915'], ['E04.035.188.850', 'E04.525.170.850'], ['E04.035.188.957', 'E04.525.170.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Footprint-free human induced pluripotent stem cells from articular cartilage with redifferentiation capacity: a first step toward a clinical-grade cell source.
|
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are potential cell sources for regenerative medicine; however, clinical applications of iPSCs are restricted because of undesired genomic modifications associated with most reprogramming protocols. We show, for the first time, that chondrocytes from autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) donors can be efficiently reprogrammed into iPSCs using a nonintegrating method based on mRNA delivery, resulting in footprint-free iPSCs (no genome-sequence modifications), devoid of viral factors or remaining reprogramming molecules. The search for universal allogeneic cell sources for the ACI regenerative treatment has been difficult because making chondrocytes with high matrix-forming capacity from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells has proven challenging and human mesenchymal stem cells have a predisposition to form hypertrophic cartilage and bone. We show that chondrocyte-derived iPSCs can be redifferentiated in vitro into cartilage matrix-producing cells better than fibroblast-derived iPSCs and on par with the donor chondrocytes, suggesting the existence of a differentiation bias toward the somatic cell origin and making chondrocyte-derived iPSCs a promising candidate universal cell source for ACI. Whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism array and karyotyping were used to verify the genomic integrity and stability of the established iPSC lines. Our results suggest that RNA-based technology eliminates the risk of genomic integrations or aberrations, an important step toward a clinical-grade cell source for regenerative medicine such as treatment of cartilage defects and osteoarthritis.
|
['Cartilage', 'Cell Dedifferentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chondrocytes', 'Humans', 'Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells']
| 24,604,283
|
[['A02.165', 'A10.165.382'], ['G04.148'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.329.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.872.040.500', 'A11.872.700.500'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular basis of the synergistic production of IL-1 receptor antagonist by human neutrophils stimulated with IL-4 and IL-10.
|
In this study, we report that the release of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) from IL-4-stimulated neutrophils is markedly enhanced in the presence of IL-10. We also show that up-regulation of IL-1ra release by IL-10 in IL-4-stimulated neutrophils takes place through IL-1ra mRNA stabilization and enhancement of IL-1ra de novo synthesis. Furthermore, we report that the ability of IL-10 to up-regulate IL-1ra mRNA expression in IL-4-treated neutrophils requires 5-6 h and it is preceded by the acquisition of the capacity to activate Stat3 tyrosine phosphorylation. This latter response to IL-10 was strictly dependent on the levels of expression of IL-10R1, which were in fact significantly increased by IL-4 in cultured neutrophils via a signaling pathway sensitive to the serine/threonine kinase inhibitor H-7. Collectively, our data emphasize the central role of IL-10R1 expression in regulating cell responsiveness to IL-10. In addition, the fact that IL-10 strongly up-regulates IL-1ra production in IL-4-activated neutrophils uncovers a novel mechanism whereby IL-10 and IL-4 cooperate to negatively modulate the inflammatory responses.
|
['1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Drug Synergism', 'Humans', 'Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-4', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Neutrophils', 'Phosphorylation', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Interleukin', 'Receptors, Interleukin-10', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor', 'Sialoglycoproteins', 'Trans-Activators', 'Tyrosine']
| 12,356,680
|
[['D02.886.590.700.545', 'D03.383.606.527', 'D03.633.100.531.400'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.460', 'D12.776.467.374.460', 'D23.529.374.460'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.550'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.300', 'D12.776.157.057.186.300', 'D12.776.476.024.430.300', 'D12.776.930.840.300'], ['D12.644.233.800', 'D12.776.395.700'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Introducing care management to Brazil's alcohol and substance use disorder population.
|
Brazil has a sizable alcohol and substance use disorder (ASUD) population, yet there are considerable gaps in treatment access and retention. ASUD, a chronic medical condition, is highly comorbid with medical and behavioral health disorders. This indicates a need for more targeted interventions in order to achieve health care integration (a major goal of Brazil's health care system). Care management - that is, the organization of patient care by an institution - is a viable strategy to engage individuals with ASUD who might benefit from treatment but are not aware of or do not use the available resources, as well as to help maintain patients in treatment. Care management is considered an essential supplement to the treatment of chronic disease. The objective of this article is to discuss the applicability of care management for the treatment of ASUD within the public health care system in Brazil. We describe models of care management that have been adopted internationally and identify the feasibility and advantages for its adoption in Brazil.
|
['Alcoholism', 'Brazil', 'Chronic Disease', 'Delivery of Health Care, Integrated', 'Humans', 'Medication Adherence', 'Mental Health Services', 'Patient Care Management', 'Substance-Related Disorders']
| 29,267,603
|
[['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['N04.590.374.142', 'N05.300.262'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['F04.408', 'N02.421.461'], ['N04.590'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Enhancing effect of quercetin on 3-methylcholanthrene carcinogenesis in C57Bl/6 mice.
|
We investigated the effect of quercetin on 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) carcinogenesis in C57Bl/6 mice. We found that quercetin itself was not carcinogenic when administered i.m., even at a dose of 20 mg, throughout an observation period of 420 days. An i.m. administration of various doses of quercetin admixed with 1.0 mg of MCA, however, significantly shortened the mean latency periods for the development of local primary tumors compared with those of the group which had been given MCA alone. The shortening of latency periods was also found in the experiments using 0.1 mg of MCA after the administration of quercetin either admixed with MCA or fed with a diet containing it. Moreover, lung metastasis increased in mice given the mixture of MCA (0.1 mg) and quercetin compared with its occurrence in mice given MCA alone. A simultaneous administration of MCA and quercetin significantly increased the in vivo sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) formation of bone marrow cells when compared with its occurrence in the group given MCA alone. These results suggest that quercetin has an enhancing effect on MCA carcinogenesis and that this enhancement may be associated with such a genetic effect as an increased mutation rate in the host.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cocarcinogenesis', 'Female', 'Flavonoids', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Methylcholanthrene', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Quercetin', 'Sister Chromatid Exchange']
| 4,047,255
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['C04.697.098.875', 'C23.550.727.098.750'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.149.500', 'D04.615.149.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.777'], ['G05.728.615.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A variant of estrogen receptor-{alpha}, hER-{alpha}36: transduction of estrogen- and antiestrogen-dependent membrane-initiated mitogenic signaling.
|
The status of the 66-kDa human estrogen receptor-alpha (hER-alpha66) is a critical determinant in the assessment of the prognosis and in the design of treatment strategies of human breast cancer. Recently, we cloned the cDNA of an alternatively spliced variant of hER-alpha66, termed hER-alpha36; the predicted protein lacks both transcriptional activation domains of hER-alpha66 but retains its DNA-binding domain, partial dimerization, and ligand-binding domains and three potential myristoylation sites located near the N terminus. These findings thus predict that hER-alpha36 functions very differently from hER-alpha66 in response to estrogen signaling. We now demonstrate that hER-alpha36 inhibits the estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent transactivation activities of hER-alpha66 and hER-beta. We further demonstrate that hER-alpha36 is predominantly associated with the plasma membrane where it transduces both estrogen- and antiestrogen-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway and stimulates cell growth. We conclude that hER-alpha36 is a predominantly membrane-based, unique alternatively spliced variant of hER-alpha66 that acts as a dominant-negative effector of both estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent transactivation functions signaled through hER-alpha66 and ER-beta; it also transduces membrane-initiated estrogen-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogenic signaling pathway. The estrogen and antiestrogen signaling pathways mediated by hER-alpha36 provide an alternative explanation for why some human breast cancers are resistant to and others are worsened by antiestrogen therapy; the data suggest that hER-alpha36 also may be an important marker to direct therapy in human breast cancers, and perhaps hER-alpha36 also may transduce estrogen-dependent signaling in other estrogen target tissues.
|
['Alternative Splicing', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Estradiol', 'Estrogen Receptor Modulators', 'Estrogen Receptor alpha', 'Estrogen Receptor beta', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Signal Transduction']
| 16,754,886
|
[['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.149'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D06.347.360', 'D27.505.696.399.450.360'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.174'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.262'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['D12.776.800'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessment of Label-Free Quantification in Discovery Proteomics and Impact of Technological Factors and Natural Variability of Protein Abundance.
|
We evaluated the state of label-free discovery proteomics focusing especially on technological contributions and contributions of naturally occurring differences in protein abundance to the intersample variability in protein abundance estimates in this highly peptide-centric technology. First, the performance of popular quantitative proteomics software, Proteome Discoverer, Scaffold, MaxQuant, and Progenesis QIP, was benchmarked using their default parameters and some modified settings. Beyond this, the intersample variability in protein abundance estimates was decomposed into variability introduced by the entire technology itself and variable protein amounts inherent to individual plants of the Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 accession. The technical component was considerably higher than the biological intersample variability, suggesting an effect on the degree and validity of reported biological changes in protein abundance. Surprisingly, the biological variability, protein abundance estimates, and protein fold changes were recorded differently by the software used to quantify the proteins, warranting caution in the comparison of discovery proteomics results. As expected, ?99% of the proteome was invariant in the isogenic plants in the absence of environmental factors; however, few proteins showed substantial quantitative variability. This naturally occurring variation between individual organisms can have an impact on the causality of reported protein fold changes.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Peptides', 'Protein Folding', 'Proteome', 'Proteomics', 'Software', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 28,217,993
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['G05.308.375'], ['D12.644'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['D12.776.817'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sternocleidomastoid pseudotumor and congenital muscular torticollis in infants: a prospective study of 510 cases.
|
OBJECTIVES: Congenital muscular torticollis is a common and controversial condition in infancy. We studied prospectively a group of infants with clearly defined sternomastoid tumor treated with a well-defined protocol.STUDY DESIGN: A total of 510 cases of sternomastoid tumor in infants over a 10-year period were studied prospectively with a mean follow-up of 3.5 years and a range from 1. 5 years to 13 years. The clinical presentations, associated abnormalities, treatments, and outcomes of the overall group and subgroups were evaluated to determine the most important prognostic factors.RESULTS: The mean age of presentation was day 24, with most (92.7%) presenting before the age of 3 months. There was a high correlation with breech presentation and assisted delivery. Clinical subgroups according to the deficit in passive rotation of the neck correlated with the incidence of hip dysplasia (up to 11.6%), mode of delivery, time of presentation, degree of craniofacial asymmetry, head tilt, and the size and extent of the pseudotumor (P <.05). With an early and prolonged manual stretching program, 90.7% had excellent and good overall results. The 6.7% of patients in the poor outcome group requiring surgical treatment all belonged to the more severe rotation limitation groups.CONCLUSIONS: Subgrouping patients with sternomastoid tumor according to the passive limitation of rotation of the neck has prognostic significance, with good overall results of conservative treatment with manual stretching.
|
['Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Muscle Neoplasms', 'Neck Muscles', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Factors', 'Rotation', 'Torticollis']
| 10,356,139
|
[['E01.171'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C04.588.839.500', 'C05.651.494'], ['A02.633.567.650'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.482.703'], ['C23.888.592.350.300.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia with novel intra-erythroblastic and intra-erythrocytic inclusions.
|
A hitherto undescribed form of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia is reported. The patient was severely anaemic and hydropic at birth and is now 8 years old. She has a moderate normochromic normocytic anaemia. HbF level of 50%, reticulocyte count of 5-12% and hyperbilirubinaemia. Bone marrow smears showed intense normoblastic erythroid hyperplasia with morphological evidence of dyserythropoiesis; the most common dysplastic features were basophilic stippling of polychromatic erythroblasts and erythrocytes and marked abnormalities of nuclear shape in polychromatic erythroblasts. Electron microscope studies showed that some polychromatic erythroblasts and several erythrocytes contained inclusions which were rounded, elongated or irregular in outline or were doughnut-shaped. These inclusions consisted of compact masses of tubules and saccules which may represent smooth endoplastic reticulum together with Golgi cisternae. The ultrastructural studies also revealed peculiar membrane-bound cylindrical structures in a rare late erythroblast, and phagocytosed erythroblasts within some macrophages. The technique of combined Feulgen microspectrophotometry and 3H-thymidine autoradiography demonstrated a pile-up of early polychromatic erythroblasts in the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle, indicating a prolongation of, or an arrest at, these phases. Furthermore, nearly a quarter of all erythroblasts failed to incorporate 3H-leucine into protein. Thus the anaemia appeared to be due to a combination of disordered erythroblast function, increased ineffectiveness of erythropoiesis and peripheral haemolysis. The primary defect may be an excessive synthesis or impaired degradation of intracytoplasmic membranes.
|
['Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital', 'Bone Marrow', 'Child', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Erythroblasts', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Golgi Apparatus', 'Humans', 'Inclusion Bodies', 'Intracellular Membranes', 'Microscopy, Electron']
| 1,659,863
|
[['C15.378.071.141.150.095', 'C16.320.070.095'], ['A15.382.216'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['A11.148.378.590.837.250.200', 'A11.443.240.497.200', 'A15.378.316.378.590.837.250.200'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.420'], ['A11.284.149.450', 'A11.284.835.514'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Do patients with suspected heart failure and preserved left ventricular systolic function suffer from "diastolic heart failure" or from misdiagnosis? A prospective descriptive study.
|
OBJECTIVES: To characterise the clinical features of patients with suspected heart failure but preserved left ventricular systolic function to determine if they have other potential causes for their symptoms rather than being diagnosed with "diastolic heart failure."DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study.SETTING: Outpatient based direct access echocardiography service.PARTICIPANTS: 159 consecutive patients with suspected heart failure referred by general practitioners.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptoms (including shortness of breath, ankle oedema, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea) and history of coronary heart disease and chronic pulmonary disease. Transthoracic echocardiography, body mass index, pulmonary function tests, and electrocardiography.RESULTS: 109 of 159 participants had suspected heart failure in the absence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, valvular heart disease, or atrial fibrillation. Of these 109, 40 were either obese or very obese, 54 had a reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 second to </=70%, and 97 had a peak expiratory flow rate </=70% of normal. Thirty one patients had a history of angina, 12 had had a myocardial infarction, and seven had undergone a coronary artery bypass graft. Only seven patients lacked a recognised explanation for their symptoms.CONCLUSIONS: For most patients with a diagnosis of heart failure but preserved left ventricular systolic function there is an alternative explanation for their symptoms-for example, obesity, lung disease, and myocardial ischaemia-and the diagnosis of diastolic heart failure is rarely needed. These alternative diagnoses should be rigorously sought and managed accordingly.
|
['Angina Pectoris', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cardiac Output, Low', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Dyspnea', 'Edema', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Obesity', 'Prospective Studies', 'Respiration Disorders', 'Ventricular Function, Left']
| 10,903,655
|
[['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C14.280.148', 'C23.888.192'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['C08.618.326', 'C23.888.852.371'], ['C23.888.277'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.230', 'G09.772.650.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C08.618'], ['G09.330.955.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with sodium hyaluronate enhance bone mineralization.
|
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium hyaluronate (HY), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and HY-functionalized SWCNTs (HY-SWCNTs) on the behavior of primary osteoblasts, as well as to investigate the deposition of inorganic crystals on titanium surfaces coated with these biocomposites. Primary osteoblasts were obtained from the calvarial bones of male newborn Wistar rats (5 rats for each cell extraction). We assessed cell viability using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay and by double-staining with propidium iodide and Hoechst. We also assessed the formation of mineralized bone nodules by von Kossa staining, the mRNA expression of bone repair proteins, and the deposition of inorganic crystals on titanium surfaces coated with HY, SWCNTs, or HY-SWCNTs. The results showed that treatment with these biocomposites did not alter the viability of primary osteoblasts. Furthermore, deposition of mineralized bone nodules was significantly increased by cells treated with HY and HY-SWCNTs. This can be partly explained by an increase in the mRNA expression of type I and III collagen, osteocalcin, and bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4. Additionally, the titanium surface treated with HY-SWCNTs showed a significant increase in the deposition of inorganic crystals. Thus, our data indicate that HY, SWCNTs, and HY-SWCNTs are potentially useful for the development of new strategies for bone tissue engineering.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4', 'Calcification, Physiologic', 'Cell Survival', 'Coated Materials, Biocompatible', 'Collagen Type I', 'Collagen Type III', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Osteoblasts', 'Primary Cell Culture', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Tissue Engineering', 'Titanium']
| 26,648,087
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.276.954.200.200', 'D12.776.467.942.200.200', 'D23.529.942.200.200'], ['D12.644.276.954.200.400', 'D12.776.467.942.200.400', 'D23.529.942.200.400'], ['G07.345.155.500', 'G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.175', 'G11.427.578.050.500.175'], ['G04.346'], ['D25.130.420', 'J01.637.051.130.420'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.100', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.100'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.300', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.300'], ['D09.698.373.475'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['D02.691'], ['A11.329.629'], ['E01.370.225.500.223.500', 'E05.200.500.265.500', 'E05.242.223.500', 'E05.481.500.249.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.196.867.800', 'E05.799.830'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['E05.481.500.311.500', 'J01.293.069.249.500'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
PASK (proline-alanine-rich Ste20-related kinase) binds to tubulin and microtubules and is involved in microtubule stabilization.
|
Proline-alanine-rich Ste20-related kinase (PASK, also referred to as SPAK) has been linked to ion transport regulation. Here, we report two novel activities of PASK: binding to tubulin and microtubules and the promotion of microtubule assembly. Tubulin binding assay showed that full-length PASK and its kinase domain bound to purified tubulin whereas the N-terminal or C-terminal non-catalytic domains of PASK did not. The full-length PASK and its kinase domain were sedimented with paclitaxel-stabilized microtubules by ultracentrifugation. These results indicate that the kinase domain of PASK can interact directly with both microtubules and soluble tubulin in vitro. Truncated PASK lacking the N-terminal non-catalytic domain promoted microtubule assembly at a subcritical concentration of purified tubulin. FLAG-PASK expressed in COS-7 cells translocated to the cytoskeleton when the cells were stimulated with hypertonic sodium chloride, and stabilized microtubules against depolymerization by nocodazole. Our findings suggest that PASK may regulate the cytoskeleton by modulating microtubule stability.
|
['Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'COS Cells', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Microtubules', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Swine', 'Tubulin']
| 18,675,246
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Postictal MR-changes. A rare and important differential diagnosis].
|
BACKGROUND: Postictal MR findings are analyzed in the context of MR morphological differential diagnoses.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Postictal MRI was performed in 11 patients. The patterns of MR changes and their differential diagnoses were analyzed.RESULTS: Focal accentuation of signal increase in the cortex was found on T2-weighted images in 90% of these cases, pial enhancement in 70% and signal changes of the pulvinar/thalamus in 40%. The most common differential diagnoses were encephalitis, and in tumor patients carcinomatous involvement of the meninges.CONCLUSION: Postictal MR changes vary widely and are difficult to differentiate from illnesses such as encephalitis and carcinomatosis involving the meninges. Nevertheless, knowledge of the typical pattern of postictal MR findings and the clinical course may help to avoid mistaken diagnoses.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Brain', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Encephalitis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Seizures', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 18,210,060
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.171'], ['C10.228.140.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Everolimus for Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia With Protein-Losing Enteropathy.
|
Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL), also known as Waldmann's disease, is an exudative enteropathy resulting from morphologic abnormalities in the intestinal lymphatics. In this article, we describe a 12-year-old boy with PIL that led to protein-losing enteropathy characterized by diarrhea, hypoalbuminemia associated with edema (serum albumin level: 1.0 g/dL), and hypogammaglobulinemia (serum IgG level: 144 mg/dL). Severe hypoalbuminemia, electrolyte abnormalities, and tetany persisted despite a low-fat diet and propranolol. Everolimus (1.6 mg/m(2)/day) was added to his treatment as an antiangiogenic agent. With everolimus treatment, the patient's diarrhea resolved and replacement therapy for hypoproteinemia was less frequent. Hematologic and scintigraphy findings also improved (serum albumin level: 2.5 g/dL). There were no adverse reactions during the 12-month follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of everolimus use in a patient with PIL.
|
['Child', 'Diet, Fat-Restricted', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Everolimus', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Lymphangiectasis, Intestinal', 'Lymphedema', 'Male', 'Protein-Losing Enteropathies']
| 26,908,672
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['E02.642.249.260', 'G07.203.650.240.260'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.540.505.760.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['C15.604.360.500', 'C15.604.451.500', 'C16.131.482.500'], ['C15.604.496'], ['C06.405.469.818']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Socioeconomic Predictors of Incident Depression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess different measures of socioeconomic status (SES) as predictors of incident depression among women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).METHODS: Data were derived from the 2010-2015 waves of the Lupus Outcomes Study, where individuals with confirmed SLE were interviewed annually by telephone. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, using a validated lupus-specific cutoff (?23) for major depressive disorder. Women interviewed in ?2 consecutive waves, with scores <23 in the first wave (T1), were included. The level of financial strain was classified as high, moderate, or none based on responses to 3 questions. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the impact of poverty status, income, education, and financial strain at T1 on the risk of incident depression the next year (T2), with adjustment for sociodemographic and disease status measures. Individuals could contribute more than one 2-year dyad to the analysis.RESULTS: In total, 682 women contributed 2,097 observations, with 19% having high financial strain, 47% moderate strain, and 34% no strain. There were 166 women who had 184 episodes of incident depression (rate = 8.8/100 person-years). In bivariate analysis, poverty, lower income and education, disease activity, and high financial strain were associated with depression onset; race/ethnicity was not. Poverty, income, and education were not significant in multivariate analyses, but disease activity and high financial strain were (odds ratio 1.85 [95% confidence interval 1.06-3.23]).CONCLUSION: High financial strain was a significant predictor of new-onset depression in women with SLE, controlling for disease factors and other SES measures. Determining specific, modifiable sources of financial strain may help prevent the development of depression.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Depression', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Income', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Mental Health', 'Middle Aged', 'Poverty', 'Risk Factors', 'San Francisco', 'Social Determinants of Health', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 28,371,529
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['N01.824.196'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['N01.824.417'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200.700', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200.700', 'Z01.433.875'], ['N01.224.425.762', 'N01.400.675'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Slow recrystallization of tripalmitoylglycerol from MCT oil observed by 2H NMR.
|
The crystallization and recrystallization of fats have a significant impact on the properties and quality of many food products. While crystallization has been the subject of a number of studies using pure triacylglycerols (TAG), recrystallization in similarly pure systems is rarely studied. In this work, perdeuterated tripalmitoylglycerol ( (2)H-PPP) was dissolved in medium chain triacylglycerol oil (MCT) to yield a saturated solution. The solution was heated to cause partial melting of the solid and dissolution of the molten fraction of (2)H-PPP in MCT and was then cooled to the original temperature to induce recrystallization from the supersaturated solution. (2)H NMR was used to monitor the disappearance of (2)H-PPP from the solution and showed that recrystallization occurred in two steps. The first step was rapid, taking place over a few minutes, and accounted for more than two-thirds of the total recrystallization. The second step was much slower, taking place over a remarkably long timescale of hours to days. It is proposed that dissolution occurs from all parts of the crystals, leaving an etched and pitted surface. The first step of crystallization is the infilling of these pits, while the second step is the continued growth on the smoothed crystal faces.
|
['Crystallization', 'Deuterium', 'Hot Temperature', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Oils', 'Solutions', 'Triglycerides']
| 17,880,150
|
[['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D01.268.406.500', 'D01.362.340.500', 'D01.496.289'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D10.627'], ['D26.776'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients in northeastern Brazil by use of rapid urine-screening test.
|
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a frequent and severe complication of cirrhotic patients with ascites. It has been proposed that the reagent strip for leukocyte esterase designed for the testing of urine (Combur test UX) could be a useful tool for diagnosing SPB. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of urine test strips for diagnosing SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites.DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study, at a university hospital in northeastern Brazil.METHODS: Forty-two unselected consecutive cirrhotic patients (32 males; mean age: 51.7 +/- years) were included, and a total of 100 paracenteses were performed. All ascitic fluid samples were analyzed using the reagent strip and cytology, neutrophils, lymphocyte count, appropriate biochemical tests and culturing. The strips were considered positive if the color became purple on a colorimetric scale.RESULTS: Nine patients were diagnosed with SBP using cytology (> 250 neutrophils/mm(3)), and the strips were positive for all these nine patients with SBP. In one sample, the strip was positive but the neutrophil count was less than 250 cells/mm(3). For 86 samples, both the strips and cytology were negative. At the threshold of 250 neutrophils/mm(3) in ascitic fluid, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the strips were respectively 100%, 98.9%, 92.3% and 100%.CONCLUSION: The Combur test UX urine screening test is a very sensitive and specific method for diagnosing SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites.
|
['Ascites', 'Ascitic Fluid', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Brazil', 'Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Paracentesis', 'Peritonitis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reagent Strips', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 17,119,690
|
[['C23.550.081'], ['A12.207.119'], ['C01.150.252'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['D08.811.277.352.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.998.329', 'E02.309.805', 'E02.800.550', 'E04.237.667', 'E04.665.600', 'E05.200.998.329'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D27.505.259.875.680', 'D27.720.470.410.680.680', 'E07.720.720'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Panax notoginseng saponins ameliorate impaired arterial vasodilation in SHRSP.Z-Lepr(fa) /lzmDmcr rats with metabolic syndrome.
|
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are major components of Panax notoginseng, a herb with established clinical efficacy against vascular diseases. SHRSP.Z-Lepr(fa) /IzmDmcr (SHRSP.ZF) rats, a new animal model for metabolic syndrome, display an impaired vasorelaxation response in aortas and mesenteric arteries that is mediated by nitric oxide (NO). This study investigated whether PNS and its components can ameliorate this vascular dysfunction in SHRSP.ZF rats. In an in vitro study, in the presence or absence of PNS and its components, vasodilation in response to nitroprusside was determined from myographs under isometric tension conditions in aortas and mesenteric arteries from male SHRSP.ZF rats at 18-20 weeks of age. In an in vivo study, PNS (30 mg/kg per day) was orally administered to SHRSP.ZF rats from 8 to 20 weeks of age. In vitro treatment with PNS and Ginsenoside Rb1 increased nitroprusside-induced relaxation of aortas and mesenteric arteries in SHRSP.ZF rats. The PNS-induced increase was not affected by a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor or endothelium denudation. Relaxation in response to a cell-permeable cGMP analogue was increased by PNS, but cGMP accumulation by nitroprusside was not altered. In vivo treatment with PNS in SHRSP.ZF rats lowered blood pressure and increased relaxation and the expression of soluble guanylyl cyclase protein in arteries, without affecting metabolic abnormalities. These results indicate that PNS causes an increase in vasodilation in response to NO and a decrease in blood pressure, resulting in protection against vascular dysfunction in SHRSP.ZF rats. PNS might be beneficial in alleviating impaired vasodilation in metabolic syndrome.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Male', 'Mesenteric Arteries', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Panax notoginseng', 'Rats', 'Saponins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Vasodilation']
| 26,784,885
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A07.015.114.565'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.087.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D09.408.782'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G09.330.380.928']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effects of modeled microgravity on growth kinetics, antibiotic susceptibility, cold growth, and the virulence potential of a Yersinia pestis ymoA-deficient mutant and its isogenic parental strain.
|
Previously, we reported that there was no enhancement in the virulence potential (as measured by cell culture infections) of the bacterial pathogen Yersinia pestis (YP) following modeled microgravity/clinorotation growth. We have now further characterized the effects of clinorotation (CR) on YP growth kinetics, antibiotic sensitivity, cold growth, and YP's virulence potential in a murine model of infection. Surprisingly, none of the aforementioned phenotypes were altered. To better understand why CR did not enhance YP's virulence potential as it did for other bacterial pathogens, a YP ÄymoA isogenic mutant in the KIM/D27 background strain that is unable to produce the histone-like YmoA protein and influences DNA topography was used in both cell culture and murine models of infection. YmoA represses type three secretion system (T3SS) virulence gene expression in the yersiniae. Similar to our CR-grown parental YP strain data, the CR-grown ÄymoA mutant induced reduced HeLa cell cytotoxicity with concomitantly decreased Yersinia outer protein E (YopE) and low calcium response V (LcrV) antigen production and secretion. Important, however, were our findings that, although no significant differences were observed in survival of mice infected intraperitoneally with either normal gravity (NG)- or CR-grown parental YP, the ÄymoA mutant induced significantly more mortality in infected mice than did the parental strain following CR growth. Taken together, our data demonstrate that CR did enhance the virulence potential of the YP ÄymoA mutant in a murine infection model (relative to the CR-grown parental strain), despite inducing less HeLa cell rounding in our cell culture infection assay due to reduced T3SS activity. Therefore, CR, which induces a unique type of bacterial stress, might be enhancing YP's virulence potential in vivo through a T3SS-independent mechanism when the histone-like YmoA protein is absent.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Cold Temperature', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Female', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Mutation', 'Phenotype', 'Plague', 'Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins', 'Rotation', 'Virulence', 'Weightlessness', 'Yersinia pestis']
| 23,988,036
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D23.050.161'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.695'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.980.390', 'C01.920.906'], ['D12.776.543.695'], ['G01.482.703'], ['G06.930'], ['G01.060.350.369.400.900'], ['B03.440.450.425.900.600', 'B03.660.250.150.950.580']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ayahuasca and the process of regulation in Brazil and internationally: implications and challenges.
|
BACKGROUND: This paper provides a summary and analysis of the regulation of ayahuasca in Brazil, from its prohibition in the mid-eighties to the recent adoption of CONAD's (Conselho Nacional de Pol?ticas sobre Drogas) 2010 Resolution, which established a set of rules, norms and ethical principles to be applied to religious and ritual uses of ayahuasca. Brazil's regulatory process is used as a starting point to explore emerging international regulatory themes as various nations respond to the global expansion of the Santo Daime and UDV (Uni?o do Vegetal) ayahuasca religions.METHODS: The text reviews the primary legislative and court documents, academic literature, as well as solicited expert opinions.RESULTS: Three prominent themes have emerged internationally. The first concerns the scope of international treaties regarding plant-based psychoactive substances, as well as the responsibilities of individual nations to adhere to said treaties. The second concerns the scope of religious liberty and how to determine religious legitimacy. The final theme addresses the potential dangers of ayahuasca to health and public safety.CONCLUSION: Over the past 20 years the Brazilian ayahuasca religions have established a global presence, with congregations in the USA, Canada, Japan, South Africa, Australia, and throughout Europe and Latin America. As a result, many nations are faced with the predicament of balancing the interests of these religious minorities with the international "war on drugs." The regulatory process applied in Brazil exemplifies a progressive approach, one which considered issues of anthropology and involved representatives of ayahuasca religions, and which provided a degree of deference to the principle of religious liberty. The Brazilian process has influenced judicial and administrative decisions internationally, and stands as a model worthy of further consideration.
|
['Banisteriopsis', 'Brazil', 'Drug and Narcotic Control', 'Humans', 'International Cooperation', 'Plant Extracts', 'Psychotropic Drugs', 'Religion']
| 21,856,141
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.690.099'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['I01.880.604.605.250', 'N03.706.615.402.250', 'N04.452.706.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.615.500'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D27.505.954.427.700'], ['K01.844']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Characterization of Non-Infectious Virus-Like Particle Surrogates for Viral Clearance Applications.
|
Viral clearance is a critical aspect of biopharmaceutical manufacturing process validation. To determine the viral clearance efficacy of downstream chromatography and filtration steps, live viral "spiking" studies are conducted with model mammalian viruses such as minute virus of mice (MVM). However, due to biosafety considerations, spiking studies are costly and typically conducted in specialized facilities. In this work, we introduce the concept of utilizing a non-infectious MVM virus-like particle (MVM-VLP) as an economical surrogate for live MVM during process development and characterization. Through transmission electron microscopy, size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering, chromatofocusing, and a novel solute surface hydrophobicity assay, we examined and compared the size, surface charge, and hydrophobic properties of MVM and MVM-VLP. The results revealed that MVM and MVM-VLP exhibited nearly identical physicochemical properties, indicating the potential utility of MVM-VLP as an accurate and economical surrogate to live MVM during chromatography and filtration process development and characterization studies.
|
['Animals', 'Mice', 'Minute Virus of Mice']
| 28,281,181
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B04.280.580.650.600.550']]
|
['Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The delineation of the fourth walking leg segment is temporally linked to posterior segmentation in the mite Archegozetes longisetosus (Acari: Oribatida, Trhypochthoniidae).
|
Acari (mites and ticks) lack external segmentation, with the only indication of segmentation being the appendages of the prosoma (chelicerae, pedipalps, and four pairs of walking legs). Acari also have a mode of development in which the formation of the fourth walking leg is suppressed until the nymphal stages, following a hexapodal larva. To determine the number of segments in the posterior body region (opisthosoma) of mites, and to also determine when the fourth walking leg segment is delineated during embryogenesis, we followed the development of segmentation in the oribatid mite Archegozetes longisetosus using time-lapse and scanning electron microscopy, as well as in situ hybridizations of the A. longisetosus orthologues of the segmentation genes engrailed and hedgehog. Our data show that A. longisetosus patterns only two opisthosomal segments, indicating a large degree of segmental fusion or loss. Also, we show that the formation of the fourth walking leg segment is temporally tied to opisthosomal segmentation, the first such observation in any arachnid.
|
['Acari', 'Animals', 'Arthropod Proteins', 'Body Patterning', 'Extremities', 'Hedgehog Proteins', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Nymph', 'Transcription Factors']
| 22,765,209
|
[['B01.050.500.131.166.132'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.093'], ['G07.345.500.100'], ['A01.378'], ['D12.644.276.671', 'D12.776.467.671', 'D23.529.671'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['B05.500.650', 'G07.345.500.550.500.650'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differential regulation of Fas-mediated apoptosis in both thyrocyte and lymphocyte cellular compartments correlates with opposite phenotypic manifestations of autoimmune thyroid disease.
|
Several mechanisms are probably involved in determining the evolution of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) towards either hypothyroidism and the clinical syndrome known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or toward hyperthyroidism and the symptoms of Graves' disease (GD). To gain further insight into such mechanisms we performed an exhaustive comparative analysis of the expression of key molecules regulating cell death (Fas, Fas ligand [FasL], Bcl-2) and apoptosis in both thyrocytes and thyroid infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from patients with either GD or HT. GD thyrocytes expressed less Fas/FasL than HT thyrocytes, whereas GD TILs had higher levels of Fas/FasL than HT TILs. GD thyrocytes expressed increased levels of the antiapoptotic molecule Bcl-2 compared to the low levels detected in HT thyrocytes. The opposite pattern was observed in GD (low Bcl-2) and HT (high Bcl-2) TILs. The patterns of apoptosis observed were consistent with the regulation of Fas, FasL, and Bcl-2 described above. Our findings suggest that in GD thyroid the regulation of Fas/FasL/Bcl2 favors apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes, possibly limiting their autoreactive potential and impairing their ability to mediate tissue damage. Moreover, the reduced levels of Fas/FasL and increased levels of Bcl-2 should favor thyrocyte survival and favor the thyrocyte hypertrophy associated with immunoglobulins stimulating the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor. In contrast, the regulation of Fas/FasL/Bcl2 expression in HT promotes thyrocyte apoptosis, tissue damage, and a gradual reduction in thyrocyte numbers leading to hypothyroidism. These findings help define key molecular mechanisms contributing to the clinical outcome of thyroid autoimmunity.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Apoptosis', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Fas Ligand Protein', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Graves Disease', 'Humans', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Phenotype', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Thyroid Diseases', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Thyroiditis, Autoimmune', 'fas Receptor']
| 11,327,614
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C20.111'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.249', 'D12.776.395.550.312', 'D12.776.467.374.750.249', 'D12.776.543.550.312', 'D23.529.374.750.249'], ['G05.308'], ['C11.675.349.500', 'C19.874.283.605', 'C19.874.397.370', 'C20.111.555'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.695'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['C19.874'], ['A06.300.900'], ['C19.874.871.102', 'C20.111.809'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.195']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Serum sphinganine and the sphinganine to sphingosine ratio as a biomarker of dietary fumonisins during chronic exposure in ducks.
|
Sphinganine concentration (Sa) and sphinganine to sphingosine ratio (Sa/So) are sensitive biomarkers of fumonisin B1 (FB1) exposure in animals and have been proposed to reveal FB1 exposure in humans. They correlate with liver and kidney toxicity and often precede signs of toxicity. However, the use of Sa and Sa/So is confusing during chronic exposure. Indeed, some authors report altered sphingolipids metabolism, whereas others fail to demonstrate significant effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of Sa and Sa/So in the serum of ducks over a 77-day exposure to 0, 2, 8, 32 and 128 mg FB1/kg feeds. Serum biochemistry was also investigated to reveal hepatotoxicity. The results obtained indicate that the kinetics of sphingolipids and serum biochemistry are closely linked with the duration of the exposure. After a strong and rapid increase Sa and Sa/So decrease then stabilize. The lowest investigated dose able to determine a detectable effect is 2 mg/kg feeds, the Sa/So ratio being the most sensitive biomarker of FB1 exposure.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Carcinogens, Environmental', 'Clinical Chemistry Tests', 'Diet', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Ducks', 'Fumonisins', 'Liver', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Mycotoxins', 'Organ Size', 'Sphingosine', 'Toxicity Tests']
| 16,413,517
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['D27.888.569.100.125'], ['E01.370.225.124', 'E05.200.124'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.050.200', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.345'], ['D02.455.326.146.432', 'D23.946.587.385'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['D23.946.587'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D02.033.100.700', 'D02.033.455.843', 'D02.092.063.700'], ['E05.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impaired conflict monitoring in Parkinson's disease patients during an oculomotor redirect task.
|
Fallibility is inherent in human cognition and so a system that will monitor performance is indispensable. While behavioral evidence for such a system derives from the finding that subjects slow down after trials that are likely to produce errors, the neural and behavioral characterization that enables such control is incomplete. Here, we report a specific role for dopamine/basal ganglia in response conflict by accessing deficits in performance monitoring in patients with Parkinson's disease. To characterize such a deficit, we used a modification of the oculomotor countermanding task to show that slowing down of responses that generate robust response conflict, and not post-error per se, is deficient in Parkinson's disease patients. Poor performance adjustment could be either due to impaired ability to slow RT subsequent to conflicts or due to impaired response conflict recognition. If the latter hypothesis was true, then PD subjects should show evidence of impaired error detection/correction, which was found to be the case. These results make a strong case for impaired performance monitoring in Parkinson's patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Eye Movements', 'Humans', 'Memory Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Reaction Time', 'Signal Detection, Psychological', 'Time Factors']
| 21,082,315
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G11.427.410.140', 'G14.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['E01.370.685.814', 'E05.796.908', 'F02.463.593.257.800', 'F02.463.593.710.725', 'F04.096.753.814', 'F04.669.908'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Long-term prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in patients after secondary peritonitis.
|
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the long-term prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology in patients following secondary peritonitis and to determine whether the prevalence of PTSD-related symptoms differed between patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and patients admitted only to the surgical ward.METHOD: A retrospective cohort of consecutive patients treated for secondary peritonitis was sent a postal survey containing a self-report questionnaire, namely the Post-traumatic Stress Syndrome 10-question inventory (PTSS-10). From a database of 278 patients undergoing surgery for secondary peritonitis between 1994 and 2000, 131 patients were long-term survivors (follow-up period at least four years) and were eligible for inclusion in our study, conducted at a tertiary referral hospital in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.RESULTS: The response rate was 86%, yielding a cohort of 100 patients; 61% of these patients had been admitted to the ICU. PTSD-related symptoms were found in 24% (95% confidence interval 17% to 33%) of patients when a PTSS-10 score of 35 was chosen as the cutoff, whereas the prevalence of PTSD symptomology when borderline patients scoring 27 points or more were included was 38% (95% confidence interval 29% to 48%). In a multivariate analyses controlling for age, sex, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, number of relaparotomies and length of hospital stay, the likelihood of ICU-admitted patients having PTSD symptomology was 4.3 times higher (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 16.5) than patients not admitted to the ICU, using a PTSS-10 score cutoff of 35 or greater. Older patients and males were less likely to report PTSD symptoms.CONCLUSION: Nearly a quarter of patients receiving surgical treatment for secondary peritonitis developed PTSD symptoms. Patients admitted to the ICU were at significantly greater risk for having PTSD symptoms after adjusting for baseline differences, in particular age.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Critical Care', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Middle Aged', 'Peritonitis', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Survivors']
| 17,319,937
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F03.950.750.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Activation-dependent alpha5beta1 integrin-mediated adhesion to fibronectin decreases proliferation of chronic myelogenous leukemia progenitors and K562 cells.
|
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a malignant disease of the hematopoietic stem cell characterized by abnormal circulation and proliferation of malignant progenitors. In contrast to their normal counterparts, CML progenitors adhere poorly to bone marrow stroma or fibronectin (FN). Aside from anchoring progenitors in the marrow microenvironment, beta1 integrin-dependent adhesion of normal progenitors is also associated with inhibition of their proliferation. As the beta1 integrin expression on CML progenitors is normal, we hypothesized that decreased integrin affinity may underlie the abnormal adhesive and proliferative characteristics of CML progenitors. We examined the effect of affinity modulation by the activating antibody 8A2 on the adhesion and proliferation of CML progenitors and the CML cell line, K562. 8A2 induced alpha5Beta1-dependent adhesion of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) CD34+/HLA-DR+ cells and K562 cells to FN. Increased adhesion was 8A2- and FN concentration-dependent, time-dependent, and energy-dependent. Further, 8A2-induced adhesion to FN significantly inhibited the proliferation of malignant CML progenitors as well as K562 cells independent of cell differentiation, necrosis, or apoptosis. These studies demonstrate that affinity modulation of the alpha5Beta1 integrin on CML progenitors and K562 cells by 8A2 results in increased adhesion to FN with subsequent decreased proliferation, suggesting that decreased beta1 integrin affinity contributes to the abnormal circulation and proliferation of malignant progenitors in CML.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, CD34', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Blast Crisis', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Division', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Fibronectins', 'HLA-DR Antigens', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Neoplastic Stem Cells', 'Receptors, Fibronectin', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 8,630,410
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.134', 'D23.101.100.110.134'], ['D23.050.285'], ['C04.557.337.539.250.100', 'C04.697.098.500.110', 'C15.378.190.636.370.100', 'C23.550.727.098.500.110'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.146'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.250', 'C15.378.190.636.370'], ['D12.776.624'], ['A11.872.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.530'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Solid-phase synthesis of the alkenyldiarylmethane (ADAM) series of non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
|
The Sonogashira and Stille cross-coupling reactions have been employed in the synthesis of several non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in the alkenyldiarylmethane (ADAM) series. The synthesis has been carried out both in solution and on a solid support. In contrast to previous syntheses of NNRTIs in the ADAM series, the present strategy allows the incorporation of differently substituted aromatic rings in a stereochemically defined fashion. The most potent of the new ADAMs inhibited the cytopathic effect of HIV-1RF in CEM-SS cell culture with an EC50 value of 20 nM.
|
['Anti-HIV Agents', 'Caproates', 'Cell Line', 'HIV Reverse Transcriptase', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 11,529,718
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['D02.241.081.193', 'D10.251.400.326'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.187', 'D12.776.964.775.375.545.875', 'D12.776.964.775.375.750.187', 'D12.776.964.775.562.764.875', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.545.875', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.750.187', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.545.875', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.750.187'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.389.675.850', 'D27.505.954.122.388.308'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Brain chemistry and behaviour.
|
The functional organization of chemically transmitting synapses in the brain are described with special emphasis on recent studies demonstrating the localization of different transmitters to specific anatomical circuitries. The use of pharmacological tools for manipulating levels of chemical transmitters is referred to briefly, but particular attention is given to the problems of studying the function of these pathways with lesion techniques. Noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) are selected for detailed consideration and experimental evidence reviewed, suggesting that these two catecholamines in the forebrain serve different functions: NA with processes of attention essential for learning, and DA with the execution of appropriate responses. Hypotheses suggesting dysfunction of forebrain DA and NA systems in schizophrenia are discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Brain', 'Caudate Nucleus', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Dopamine', 'Humans', 'Norepinephrine', 'Nucleus Accumbens', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Dopamine', 'Schizophrenia', 'Substantia Nigra']
| 7,443,906
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550.184'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.775.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400'], ['F03.700.750'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.656']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Protective immunization with a novel membrane protein of Plasmodium yoelii-infected erythrocytes.
|
Immunization with a particulate fraction of blood-stage antigens was shown previously to protect mice against Plasmodium yoelii malaria. To identify antigens inducing the protective response, sera from immunized mice were used to screen a P. yoelii cDNA expression library. Sequence analysis of one 2.6-kb cDNA clone indicated that the identified gene, pypag-1, encoded a novel plasmodial antigen. Two nonoverlapping regions of pypag-1 were expressed in Escherichia coli. The first recombinant antigen, pAg-1N, contained the N-terminal 337 residues, which included a putative transmembrane domain and a region relatively rich in tryptophan residues. The second recombinant antigen, pAg-1C, contained the remaining C-terminal 211 residues, which included 31 copies of a 5-amino-acid degenerative repeat. Immunoblot studies using rabbit antiserum raised against recombinant pAg-1N showed that the native pypAg-1 protein migrated at approximately 98 kDa, considerably slower than its predicted molecular mass of 66 kDa. Immunofluorescence studies localized the expression of the native pypAg-1 protein both to the cytoplasm and at the surface of P. yoelii-infected erythrocytes. Immunization with either pAg-1N or pAg-1C induced a four- to sevenfold reduction in P. yoelii blood-stage parasitemia. As such, pypAg-1 appears to contain at least two distinct protective epitopes. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of a protective antigen of P. yoelii that is associated with the erythrocyte membrane.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Protozoan', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Erythrocytes', 'Gene Expression', 'Immunoblotting', 'Malaria', 'Malaria Vaccines', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plasmodium yoelii', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Rabbits', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Vaccination', 'Vaccines, Synthetic']
| 9,916,076
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.293'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['G05.297'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['D20.215.894.582.500'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.780'], ['D12.776.820'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D12.776.828.868', 'D20.215.894.865', 'D23.050.865']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Tussive effect of capsaicin in patients with gastroesophageal reflux without cough.
|
The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) on cough threshold in patients with digestive symptoms but free from respiratory involvement. Of 57 consecutive subjects referred for 24-h esophageal pH monitoring because of digestive reflux symptoms, 29 patients free from respiratory disorders were studied. They underwent esophageal pH monitoring and manometry, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, pulmonary function tests, and methacholine and capsaicin challenges. The methacholine test was performed by inhalation of increasing doses of methacholine up to 4,000 micrograms; the results were expressed as the dose causing a 20% decrease in FEV1 from baseline (PD20). The capsaicin threshold was evaluated by inhalation of increasing doses of capsaicin from 0.3 up to 9.84 nmol, expressing the results as the dose of capsaicin eliciting five coughs (PD5). Fifteen patients were considered refluxers on the basis of a total esophageal acid exposure time above 4.7%. Esophagitis grade 0 was found in 15 patients, grade 1 in seven patients, grade 2 in seven patients. PD5 was significantly lower in refluxers (median 0.51 micrograms, range 0.22 to 19.8) than in nonrefluxers (19.8 micrograms, range 0.31 to 19.8) (p < 0.001); there was no difference in baseline ventilatory parameters and in airway responsiveness to methacholine between the two groups. All patients with a pathologic acid exposure time but one had a low cough threshold, irrespective of the presence or absence of esophagitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Capsaicin', 'Cough', 'Female', 'Gastroesophageal Reflux', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 7,842,220
|
[['D02.065.690.500', 'D02.455.326.271.690.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.099', 'D03.132.760.200', 'D10.251.355.325.190'], ['C08.618.248', 'C23.888.852.293'], ['C06.405.117.119.500.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Notes about other epidemics in Colonial Chile].
|
In chronicles or in the historiography of the Colony in Chile there are few references about epidemics different to smallpox; like typhus, typhoid fever, dysentery, etc. Almost all, fast spreading in the country and some with high lethality, which led to overflowing the capacity of hospitals in the Chilean colonial period.
|
['Chile', 'Communicable Diseases', 'Epidemics', 'Female', 'History, 18th Century', 'Humans', 'Male']
| 26,633,117
|
[['Z01.107.757.235'], ['C01.221', 'C23.550.291.531'], ['N06.850.290.200'], ['K01.400.504.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Pediatric head injuries. Observations in pediatric surgery. 1,019 cases (author's transl)].
|
For 5 years, 1,019 children with head injury have been admitted in pediatric surgery. More often the patient is a boy one to five years old. 8.9 p. cent of the children had one or more other body injury. A skull fracture was found in 23 p. cent of the cases without influence on the evolutivity but a repeated clinical examination is necessary. For all head injuries an E.E.G. study is necessary. In 93.5 p. cent of the children the clinical findings allowed to said that head injury was "benign".
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Brain Injuries', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Pediatrics', 'Prognosis', 'Sex Factors', 'Skull Fractures', 'Surgery Department, Hospital']
| 7,377,566
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['H02.403.670'], ['E01.789'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['C10.900.300.918', 'C26.404.750', 'C26.915.300.745'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.750', 'N04.452.442.452.422.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cyclic AMP activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in Th2 cells: phosphorylation of GATA-3 and stimulation of Th2 cytokine gene expression.
|
cAMP is an important second messenger with immunomodulatory properties. Elevation of intracellular cAMP in T cells, induced by agents such as IL-1alpha or PGs, inhibits T cell activation. In effector T cells, an increase in the level of intracellular cAMP inhibits cytokine production in Th1 cells but stimulates cytokine production in Th2 cells. Here we report that cAMP-induced effects in Th2 cells occur independently of the protein kinase A pathway, which is the major mediator of cAMP-induced signaling events in most cell types. Instead, cAMP stimulates activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in Th2 cells. This appears to be a Th2-selective event because cAMP barely increased p38 phosphorylation in Th1 cells. We show that in Th2 cells, cAMP promotes the production of both IL-5 and IL-13, which play distinct but critical roles in asthma pathogenesis. Our data also show that cAMP causes increased phosphorylation of the transcription factor GATA-3, which we have shown is a critical regulator of Th2 cytokine gene expression and, in turn, of airway inflammation in mice. Thus, Th2-specific GATA-3 expression and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation together provide a molecular basis for the differential effects of cAMP in the two T helper cell subsets.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Cytokines', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'GATA3 Transcription Factor', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Imidazoles', 'Interleukin-13', 'Interleukin-5', 'Mice', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Phosphorylation', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Pyridines', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Th1 Cells', 'Th2 Cells', 'Trans-Activators', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']
| 11,067,915
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D12.776.260.235.687', 'D12.776.260.257.300', 'D12.776.930.216.687', 'D12.776.930.314.300'], ['G05.308'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.513', 'D12.776.467.374.465.513', 'D23.529.374.465.513'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.202', 'D12.776.467.374.465.186', 'D23.529.374.465.202'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.905', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.750', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.905'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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