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Synthesis, growth, thermal, optical and mechanical properties of 2-Aminopyridinium 4-methylbenzoate Dihydrate.
|
Organic NLO material of 2-Aminopyridinium 4-methylbenzoate Dihydrate (2A4M) was synthesized using 2-Aminopyridinium and 4-methylbenzoic acid as starting materials. Single crystals of 2A4M were grown by the slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature using water as a solvent. The grown crystal was characterized by single crystal XRD to confirm the crystal system and lattice parameters. From the optical studies the optical band gap and the refractive index of the material are found to be 2.9 eV and 1.40 at 1200 nm. Functional groups of the crystallised material were confirmed by FTIR vibrational spectrum. Thermal behaviour of the title compound was studied using thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA). The initial weight loss is found up to 125°C, which corresponds to 13.2% i.e. presence of 2 mole of water in the lattice. The grown crystal was subjected to Vickers hardness test and the brittleness index, fracture toughness, yield strength were estimated. The etching studies reveal the growth pattern and dislocations present in the grown crystal. The second harmonic generation (SHG) behaviour of 2A4M was tested by Kurtz-Perry powder technique. The relative SHG efficiency of 2A4M is found to be 3.03 times that of the reference material KDP.
|
['Crystallization', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Hardness', 'Mechanical Phenomena', 'Optical Phenomena', 'Photons', 'Pyridinium Compounds', 'Refractometry', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Temperature', 'Thermogravimetry']
| 21,978,560
|
[['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G01.374.647'], ['G01.374'], ['G01.590'], ['G01.249.705', 'G01.358.500.505.650.782', 'G01.590.540.782', 'G01.750.250.650.782', 'G01.750.770.578.782'], ['D03.383.725.762'], ['E05.196.808', 'H01.671.617.755'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['E05.196.904']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Hepatic microsomal metabolism of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione: relative importance of ring hydroxylation and aromatization in control and induced rat liver.
|
The purpose of these studies was to determine whether oestrogen production is a quantitatively important pathway in the hepatic microsomal metabolism of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione. The effects of the enzyme inducing agents phenobarbitone and beta-naphthoflavone on microsomal cytochrome P-450-mediated androst-4-ene-3,17-dione hydroxylation and aromatization was investigated in the rat in vitro. In microsomal fractions from untreated rats the ratio of hydroxylated products to aromatized (oestrogenic) metabolites was 33:1. Phenobarbitone pretreatment of rats increased total hydroxylation by about 20% but did not change the ratio of hydroxylated to aromatized products (27:1). In contrast, beta-naphthoflavone induction decreased total hydroxylation to about 35% of control but did not affect total aromatization. Thus the ratio of hydroxylation to aromatization was significantly lower than in control microsomes (17:1). The principal aromatized products were oestriol and 2-hydroxyoestradiol-17 beta, with oestradiol-17 beta and its 4-hydroxy metabolite as minor products; no oestrone was observed. In further studies of the microsomal metabolism of oestrone, the major product was oestradiol-17 beta whereas hydroxylated metabolites were only minor products. Oestradiol-17 beta, in contrast, was hydroxylated to a considerable extent. These findings suggest that oestrone is a better substrate for the microsomal 17 beta-oxidoreductase than it is for cytochrome P-450. It therefore appears likely that any oestrone formed from the aromatization of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione would be readily converted to oestradiol-17 beta which, in turn, is subject to cytochrome P-450-mediated hydroxylation. Although the liver is a site of C19-steroid aromatization, it appears unlikely that this organ could contribute significantly to serum oestrogen levels since microsomal hydroxylases are readily able to convert aromatized products to biologically inactive metabolites.
|
['Androstenedione', 'Animals', 'Benzoflavones', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Estradiol', 'Estrone', 'Hydroxylation', 'Male', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Phenobarbital', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Reference Values', 'beta-Naphthoflavone']
| 3,347,063
|
[['D04.210.500.054.079.329', 'D04.210.500.578.502.112', 'D06.472.040.502.112', 'D06.472.334.851.968.875'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.175', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.175'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.414', 'D04.210.500.578.502.497', 'D06.472.040.502.497', 'D06.472.334.851.437.996'], ['G02.111.385', 'G02.607.348', 'G03.425'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E05.978.810'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.175.100', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.175.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Switch-on fluorescence sensing of glutathione in food samples based on a graphitic carbon nitride quantum dot (g-CNQD)-Hg²⁺ chemosensor.
|
Fluorescence sensing of specific biological molecules by artificial chemosensors is a versatile technique. In the present work, a switch-on fluorescence sensor for rapid, sensitive, and selective sensing of glutathione (GSH) in food samples was developed. This method was based on the g-CNQDs-Hg(2+) system, in which the initial fluorescence from g-CNQDs was quenched by Hg(2+) with an electron transfer process. In the presence of GSH, the fluorescence sensor was switched to the "on" state, which was attributed to a competitive affinity of Hg(2+) to GSH and the functional groups on the surface of g-CNQDs. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) of 37 nM for GSH was achieved with a wide range of 0.16-16 ìM. The repeatability was better than 5.3% for GSH in both standard and food samples (n = 3). Finally, this fluorescence sensor was successfully employed for the determination of GSH in various kinds of food samples with excellent recoveries. Furthermore, this application may pave a new way for fluorescence sensing of other substances in food samples.
|
['Fluorescence', 'Food Analysis', 'Glutathione', 'Graphite', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Limit of Detection', 'Mercury', 'Quantum Dots', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence']
| 25,630,354
|
[['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['E05.362', 'J01.576.423.850.100'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['E07.705', 'J01.637.512.600.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mentorship in dermatology residency training programs: charting the right course.
|
Considerable attention is given to mentoring issues for dermatology trainees. Many residents consider it important to have mentors. Mentorship Programs are flourishing in residency training programs and a majority of the national dermatologic societies have established funded mentoring opportunities for residents. With the level of support for mentorship that has been established within the dermatology community, there are now several issues that need further evaluation in order to ensure that all residents have access to and achieve benefit from high-quality mentoring opportunities.
|
['Adult', 'Dermatology', 'Faculty, Medical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Male', 'Mentors', 'Physicians, Women', 'Prejudice', 'Social Support', 'Societies, Medical', 'Staff Development']
| 19,624,981
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['H02.403.225'], ['M01.526.485.375', 'M01.526.702.250.373', 'N02.360.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['M01.395'], ['M01.526.485.810.820', 'M01.975.790', 'N02.360.810.820'], ['F01.145.813.550', 'F01.829.595'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['N03.540.828.589'], ['I02.574.700', 'N04.452.677.822']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Kyoto and Osaka, Japan, 2010 to 2012: intensified surveillance after identification of the first strain (H041) with high-level ceftriaxone resistance.
|
In 2009, the first high-level ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain (H041) was isolated in Kyoto, Japan. The present study describes an intensified surveillance (antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Kyoto and its neighboring prefecture Osaka, Japan, in 2010 to 2012, which was initiated after the identification of H041. From April 2010 to March 2012, 193 N. gonorrhoeae isolates were collected and the MICs (ìg/ml) to six antimicrobials, including ceftriaxone, were determined. All isolates showed susceptibility to ceftriaxone and cefixime (MIC values, <0.5 ìg/ml), and spectinomycin. The rates of resistance (intermediate susceptibility) to azithromycin, penicillin G, and ciprofloxacin were 3.6% (19.7%), 24.4% (71.0%), and 78.2% (0.5%), respectively. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed that 40.9%, 19.2%, and 17.1% of isolates belonged to ST1901, ST7359, and ST7363, respectively. Furthermore, N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) revealed that 12 (63%) of the 19 isolates with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone (MIC > 0.064 ìg/ml) were of ST1407. NG-MAST ST1407 was also the most prevalent ST (16.1%; 31 of 193 isolates). In those NG-MAST ST1407 strains, several mosaic type penA alleles were found, including SF-A type (penicillin binding protein 2 allele XXXIV) and its derivatives. These were confirmed using transformation of the penA mosaic alleles as critical determinants for enhanced cefixime and ceftriaxone MICs. The intensified surveillance in Kyoto and Osaka, Japan, did not identify any dissemination of the high-level ceftriaxone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae strain H041, suggesting that H041 might have caused only a sporadic case and has not spread further.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Azithromycin', 'Cefixime', 'Ceftriaxone', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Epidemiological Monitoring', 'Female', 'Gonorrhea', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Multilocus Sequence Typing', 'Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'Penicillin G', 'beta-Lactam Resistance']
| 23,939,890
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D23.050.161'], ['D02.540.576.500.992.050'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.190.190.115', 'D02.886.665.074.190.190.115', 'D03.633.100.300.249.190.190.115'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.190.190.155', 'D02.886.665.074.190.190.155', 'D03.633.100.300.249.190.190.155'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.186'], ['E05.318.375', 'N06.850.520.460'], ['C01.150.252.400.625.275', 'C01.150.252.734.401', 'C01.221.812.281.401', 'C01.778.281.401', 'C12.294.668.281.401', 'C13.351.500.711.281.401'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125.457.500', 'E05.200.875.150.125.457.500', 'E05.393.542.500', 'E05.393.760.700.650'], ['B03.440.400.425.550.550.474', 'B03.660.075.525.520.400'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.750', 'D02.886.108.750.750', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750'], ['G06.099.225.500', 'G06.225.347.500', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Protein antigen adsorption to the DDA/TDB liposomal adjuvant: effect on protein structure, stability, and liposome physicochemical characteristics.
|
PURPOSE: Understanding the nature of adjuvant-antigen interactions is important for the future design of efficient and safe subunit vaccines, but remains an analytical challenge. We studied the interactions between three model protein antigens and the clinically tested cationic liposomal adjuvant composed of dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) and trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate (TDB).METHODS: The effect of surface adsorption to DDA/TDB liposomes on colloidal stability and protein physical stability/secondary structure was investigated by dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.RESULTS: Bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin showed strong liposome adsorption, whereas lysozyme did not adsorb. Upon adsorption, bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin reduced the phase transition temperature and narrowed the gel-to-liquid phase transition of the liposomes implying interactions with the lipid bilayer. The protein-to-lipid ratio influenced the liposome colloidal stability to a great extent, resulting in liposome aggregation at intermediate ratios. However, no structural alterations of the model proteins were detected.CONCLUSIONS: The antigen-to-lipid ratio is highly decisive for the aggregation behavior of DDA/TDB liposomes and should be taken into account, since it may have an impact on general vaccine stability and influence the choice of analytical approach for studying this system, also/especially at clinically relevant protein-to-lipid ratios.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Adsorption', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Colloids', 'Glycolipids', 'Liposomes', 'Muramidase', 'Ovalbumin', 'Phase Transition', 'Protein Stability', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine']
| 22,956,169
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D20.280', 'D26.255.165'], ['D09.400.410', 'D10.390'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['D08.811.277.450.642'], ['D12.644.861.557', 'D12.776.034.614', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663', 'D12.776.290.663', 'D12.776.872.557'], ['G01.645', 'G02.734'], ['G02.111.700'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Is there a role for inhaled anticholinergic therapy in asthma management?
|
Anticholinergic therapy has long been a cornerstone of management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but has not been included in treatment guidelines for asthma. In September 2015, tiotropium bromide was approved for use in adults with asthma; the indication has since been expanded to children ages 6 years and older. This article discusses appropriate patient selection and dosing, and the role of tiotropium bromide in asthma management.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Asthma', 'Child', 'Cholinergic Antagonists', 'Disease Management', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Patient Selection', 'Tiotropium Bromide', 'Young Adult']
| 28,858,010
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D27.505.519.625.120.200', 'D27.505.696.577.120.200'], ['N04.590.607'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['D02.145.074.722.822.887', 'D03.132.889.601.887', 'D03.605.084.500.722.822.887', 'D03.605.869.822.887'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Genetic polymorphism in sympatric species of the genus Phlebotomus, with special reference to Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus longicuspis (Diptera, Phlebotomidae).
|
The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA assay was used to study genetic variation within and between five Phlebotomus species belonging to three subgenera: P. (Larroussius) ariasi, P. (L.) longicuspis, P. (L.) perniciosus, P.(Paraphlebotomus) sergenti and P. (Phlebotomus) papatasi sympatric in southern Spain and proven vector of leishmaniasis. Two cluster analysis were proposed: one according to sandfly species and populations, the second according individual specimens of Phlebotomus perniciosus, Phlebotomus longicuspis s.l. and intermediate morphological specimens between these species. The results obtained are closely correlated with the taxonomy classically accepted for the subgenera and with the automatic classifications made by other authors which use morphological and isoenzymatic data. The validity of the species Phlebotomus longicuspis is also discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Insect Vectors', 'Leishmaniasis', 'Phlebotomus', 'Phylogeny', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique', 'Spain']
| 11,147,032
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.500', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.500'], ['C01.610.752.300.500', 'C01.610.858.560', 'C01.920.813', 'C17.800.838.775.560'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.781.602'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.393.620.500.687', 'E05.601.700'], ['Z01.542.846']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Evidence of high-altitude adaptation in the glyptosternoid fish, Creteuchiloglanis macropterus from the Nujiang River obtained through transcriptome analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: Organisms living at high altitudes face low oxygen and temperature conditions; thus, the genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptations in these organisms merit investigation. The glyptosternoid fish, Creteuchiloglanis macropterus mainly inhabits regions with gradual increases in altitudes along the Nujiang River and might serve as an appropriate evolutionary model for detecting adaptation processes in environments with altitude changes.RESULTS: We constructed eleven RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) libraries of C. macropterus collected from five locations at different altitudes to identify the genetic signatures of high-altitude adaptation. The comparative genomic analysis indicated that C. macropterus has an accelerated evolutionary rate compared with that of fishes in the lowland, and fishes at higher altitudes might evolve faster. Functional enrichment analysis of the fast-evolving and positively selected genes, differentially expressed genes and highly expressed genes, showed that these genes were involved in many functions related to energy metabolism and hypoxia.CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence of high-altitude adaptation in C. macropterus, and the detected adaptive genes might be a resource for future investigations of adaptations to high-altitude environments in other fishes.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Altitude', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Catfishes', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Ontology', 'Geography', 'Phylogeny', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Rivers', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA', 'Transcriptome']
| 29,169,322
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['G16.500.275.058', 'N06.230.058'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.080'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308'], ['H01.158.273.343.249.099', 'H01.770.644.145.350.124', 'L01.224.050.375.480.500.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.550.500.500', 'L01.453.245.945.079.500'], ['H01.277.500'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.318.740.562'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['E05.393.760.710'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Long-term astigmatic changes after phacoemulsification with single-stitch, horizontal suture closure.
|
We analyzed postoperative corneal astigmatism in 32 eyes followed for three years after small incision phacoemulsification with a 4 mm scleral tunnel incision and a single-stitch, horizontal suture technique. Sutures were left intact postoperatively. Mean surgically induced cylinder was 0.63 diopters (D) at one day postoperatively, -0.01 D at one year, and -0.07 D at three years. A significant number of eyes showed an initial shift toward with-the-rule astigmatism. At one year, the axis had nearly returned to preoperative orientation without further against-the-rule shift after three years. An uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was found in 43.8% of the patients at one week postoperatively and in 62.5% at one and three years. Best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was found in 62.5%, 90.6%, and 93.7%, respectively.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Astigmatism', 'Cornea', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phacoemulsification', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Sclera', 'Suture Techniques', 'Visual Acuity']
| 8,523,288
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C11.744.212'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.540.825.249.704', 'E04.943.875'], ['C23.550.767'], ['A09.371.784'], ['E04.987.775'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Assessment and follow up of diabetic patients in hemodialysis].
|
BACKGROUND: Despite a better management of the variables that influence the development of diabetic nephropathy there is a progressive increase in the prevalence of terminal renal failure among diabetics, whose cause is not clear.AIM: To study in a group of patients in hemodialysis, the quality of diabetes control previous to the entry to dialysis, their physical condition and their evolution.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Diabetic patients with at least three months of hemodialysis answered a questionnaire about diabetes control quality previous to dialysis and had physical and laboratory assessment. They were followed for at least four years thereafter.RESULTS: Fifty seven patients aged 62+/-11 years were studied. Eighty four percent had some degree of disability. Eighty seven percent had high blood pressure and 73% had to enter dialysis as an emergency. Mean glycosilated hemoglobin was 7.7% and 58% had a dialysis dose with a Kt/Vofless than 1.2. Fifty eight percent died during follow up. No relationship between mortality and age, blood pressure, glycosilated hemoglobin of Kt/V, was observed.CONCLUSIONS: There is an inadequate management of blood glucose and blood pressure of diabetic patients before entry to dialysis. They are referred inverted exclamation markate to the nephrologist, the dialysis dose is insufficient and they have a high mortality.
|
['Blood Glucose', 'Chile', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,575,652
|
[['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['Z01.107.757.235'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C12.777.419.192', 'C13.351.968.419.192', 'C19.246.099.875'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Intrathecal delivery of frataxin mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles to dorsal root ganglia as a potential therapeutic for Friedreich's ataxia.
|
In Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) patients, diminished frataxin (FXN) in sensory neurons is thought to yield the predominant pathology associated with disease. In this study, we demonstrate successful usage of RNA transcript therapy (RTT) as an exogenous human FXN supplementation strategy in vitro and in vivo, specifically to dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Initially, 293 T cells were transfected with codon optimized human FXN mRNA, which was translated to yield FXN protein. Importantly, FXN was rapidly processed into the mature functional form of FXN (mFXN). Next, FXN mRNA, in the form of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), was administered intravenously in adult mice. Examination of liver homogenates demonstrated efficient FXN LNP uptake in hepatocytes and revealed that the mitochondrial maturation machinery had efficiently processed all FXN protein to mFXN in ~24 h in vivo. Remarkably, greater than 50% mFXN protein derived from LNPs was detected seven days after intravenous administration of FXN LNPs, suggesting that the half-life of mFXN in vivo exceeds one week. Moreover, when FXN LNPs were delivered by intrathecal administration, we detected recombinant human FXN protein in DRG. These observations provide the first demonstration that RTT can be used for the delivery of therapeutic mRNA to DRG.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Friedreich Ataxia', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Humans', 'Injections, Spinal', 'Iron-Binding Proteins', 'Lipids', 'Liver', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Mice', 'Molecular Imaging', 'Nanoparticles', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transfection']
| 26,883,577
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C10.228.140.252.700.150', 'C10.228.854.787.200', 'C10.574.500.825.200', 'C16.320.400.780.200', 'C18.452.660.300'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.580'], ['D12.776.157.427', 'D12.776.556.579'], ['D10'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.557', 'E05.601.555'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A new microsurgical technique for minimally invasive anterior lumbar interbody fusion.
|
STUDY DESIGN: A series of patients were prospectively studied to determine the morbidity and possible complications of minimally invasive anterior lumbar interbody fusion by two new microsurgical approaches (retroperitoneal for segments L2-L3, L3-L4, and L4-L5, and transperitoneal for L5-S1).OBJECTIVES: To investigate the feasibility of performing an anterior lumbar interbody fusion through a 4-cm skin incision and a standardized muscle-splitting approach.SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The utility of anterior lumbar interbody fusion with or without posterior instrumentation for the treatment of various degenerative or postoperative lesions associated with low back pain is still a matter of debate. Regardless of the indications for surgery, use of the anterior approach in the lumbar spine is known to be associated with considerable surgical trauma, a high postoperative morbidity, and, occasionally, unacceptably high complication rates. Laparoscopic anterior interbody fusion of L5-S1 to eliminate some of these problems has been recently described. However, a minimally invasive surgical concept that covers all lumbar segments from L2 to S1 has not been described before now.METHODS: A standardized, microsurgical retroperitoneal approach to levels L2-L3, L3-L4, and L4-L5 and a microsurgical transperitoneal approach through a "minilaparotomy" to L5-S1 are described. The first 25 patients (retroperitoneal, n = 20; transperitoneal, n = 5) treated with these methods are evaluated with respect to intraoperative data such as blood loss, operating time, intraoperative and postoperative complications, as well as preliminary fusion results.RESULTS: There were no general or technique-related complications in the first series of 25 patients. Postoperative morbidity was low in all patients, with negligible wound pain. Average blood loss was 67.8 ml for the retroperitoneal technique and 168 ml for the transperitoneal approach. No blood transfusion was necessary. All patients showed solid bony fusion.CONCLUSIONS: The microsurgical approaches described in this article are atraumatic techniques to reach the lumbar spinal levels L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1. They represent microsurgical modifications of the surgical approaches well known to the spine surgeon. They can be learned in a step-by-step fashion, starting with a conventional skin incision and, once the surgeon is familiar with the instruments, moving on to the microsurgical technique. The approaches are not restricted to the type of fusion (iliac crest autograft) presented in this series.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Low Back Pain', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Medical Illustration', 'Microsurgery', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Postoperative Period', 'Radiography', 'Spinal Fusion', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 9,089,943
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612.107.400'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['H02.385', 'J01.897.280.500.480', 'K01.093.410', 'L01.178.820.090.480'], ['E04.494', 'E05.591.580'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E04.555.100.700'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The role of antepartum testing in the management of postterm pregnancies with heavy meconium in early labor.
|
The documented association between heavy meconium in early labor and increased perinatal morbidity and mortality has alerted physicians to the presence of a potential high-risk fetal condition and to the possible need for immediate fetal blood pH determination. The purpose of this study was to determine whether antepartum fetal assessment can predict whether a postterm fetus with heavy meconium in early labor is at low or high risk for an adverse perinatal outcome. Eight hundred thirty-nine postterm patients were followed with antepartum testing, consisting of twice-weekly fetal heart rate (FHR) testing and ultrasonic amniotic fluid volume estimation. Overall, patients with heavy meconium in early labor had a significantly greater frequency of fetal distress. However, when women with heavy meconium in early labor were separated according to their antepartum testing results, those with normal results were found to have no greater risk for fetal distress or perinatal morbidity than women with normal testing and subsequently clear amniotic fluid. These findings suggest that postterm patients with heavy meconium in early labor and normal antepartum testing can be managed in labor in the same manner as low-risk patients without meconium.
|
['Amniotic Fluid', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Female', 'Fetal Distress', 'Heart Rate, Fetal', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Meconium', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Prolonged', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Risk', 'Ultrasonography', 'Uterine Contraction']
| 3,554,066
|
[['A12.098', 'A16.378.149'], ['E04.520.252'], ['C23.888.380'], ['G09.330.380.500.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['A12.459.529', 'A16.378.529'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.805'], ['E01.370.378.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['G08.686.784.769.326.700', 'G11.427.494.890']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Monitoring cerebral perfusion during carotid endarterectomy.
|
Transcranial pulsed Doppler ultrasound was used to monitor blood velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of two patients during ipsilateral carotid endarterectomy. In the first patient the ultrasound data demonstrated a non-functioning shunt which was corrected by repositioning the distal end of the shunt. In the second patient MCA blood velocity data demonstrated that clamping of the external carotid artery would have resulted in complete cessation of MCA flow throughout endarterectomy. These cases illustrate the benefit that this technique offers to the individual patient undergoing carotid surgery.
|
['Aged', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Carotid Artery, Internal', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Endarterectomy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Ultrasonography']
| 2,182,640
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.137'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['A07.015.114.186.200.230'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['E04.100.814.456'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular characterization of alpha-thalassemia determinants, beta-thalassemia alleles, and beta S haplotypes among Kuwaiti Arabs.
|
Using amplification, allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) hybridization and DNA sequencing we have documented the molecular basis of 64 alpha- and 123 beta-thalassemia (thal) chromosomes, and the haplotypes of 18 beta S chromosomes from patients followed in three hospitals in Kuwait. Of the 30 chromosomes from 15 patients with Hb H disease, 26 (86.7%) carried the polyadenylation (poly A) signal mutation (AATAAA-->AATAAG) in the alpha 2-globin gene, 3 (10%) had the -alpha (3.7 kb) deletion, and 1 (3.3%) had the pentanucleotide deletion in the 5' IVS-I splice junction (alpha-5nt alpha). As many as 12 different beta-thal mutations were identified; 6 Mediterranean alleles [IVS-II-1 (G-->A), IVS-I-6 (T-->C), codon (CD) 39 (C-->T), IVS-I-110 (G-->A), CD 8 (-AA), and IVS-I-1 (G-->A)] were present in 79 (64.2%) of the chromosomes tested. Four East Indian alleles [IVS-I-5 (G-->C), IVS-I 3' end -25 nt deletion, CDs 8/9 (+G), and 619-bp deletion] were found in 31 (25%), and the two Kurdish/Iranian alleles [CD 44 (-C) and CDs 36/37 (-T)] were found in 13 (10.6%) chromosomes. Fourteen beta S chromosomes carried haplotype No. 31 (Saudi Arabia/India); 3 had haplotype No. 19 (Benin), and 1 was a hybrid with haplotype No. 31-specific characteristics in the locus control region hypersensitive site-2 (LCR-HS-2), and haplotype No. 19-specific mutations in the 5' flanking region of the G gamma-promoter. The patient homozygous for haplotype No. 19 was a Jordanian, while the others were Kuwaiti Arabs. The latter appear to be fairly homogeneous in terms of the prevalent alpha-thal determinants and beta S-haplotypes, but there is considerable heterogeneity of their beta-thal alleles. This has implications for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis programs.
|
['Anemia, Sickle Cell', 'Arab World', 'Base Sequence', 'Female', 'Globins', 'Humans', 'Kuwait', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Pedigree', 'alpha-Thalassemia', 'beta-Thalassemia']
| 7,701,914
|
[['C15.378.071.141.150.150', 'C15.378.420.155', 'C16.320.070.150', 'C16.320.365.155'], ['I01.076.201.450.226.200'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D12.776.422.316'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.425'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.673'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.875.100', 'C15.378.420.826.100', 'C16.320.070.875.100', 'C16.320.365.826.100'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.875.150', 'C15.378.420.826.150', 'C16.320.070.875.150', 'C16.320.365.826.150']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Enhanced osteoclastic resorption and responsiveness to mechanical load in gap junction deficient bone.
|
Emerging evidence suggests that connexin mediated gap junctional intercellular communication contributes to many aspects of bone biology including bone development, maintenance of bone homeostasis and responsiveness of bone cells to diverse extracellular signals. Deletion of connexin 43, the predominant gap junction protein in bone, is embryonic lethal making it challenging to examine the role of connexin 43 in bone in vivo. However, transgenic murine models in which only osteocytes and osteoblasts are deficient in connexin 43, and which are fully viable, have recently been developed. Unfortunately, the bone phenotype of different connexin 43 deficient models has been variable. To address this issue, we used an osteocalcin driven Cre-lox system to create osteoblast and osteocyte specific connexin 43 deficient mice. These mice displayed bone loss as a result of increased bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis. The mechanism underlying this increased osteoclastogenesis included increases in the osteocytic, but not osteoblastic, RANKL/OPG ratio. Previous in vitro studies suggest that connexin 43 deficient bone cells are less responsive to biomechanical signals. Interestingly, and in contrast to in vitro studies, we found that connexin 43 deficient mice displayed an enhanced anabolic response to mechanical load. Our results suggest that transient inhibition of connexin 43 expression and gap junctional intercellular communication may prove a potentially powerful means of enhancing the anabolic response of bone to mechanical loading.
|
['Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Bone Density', 'Bone Resorption', 'Bone and Bones', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Line', 'Connexin 43', 'Gap Junctions', 'Gene Deletion', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mechanical Phenomena', 'Mice', 'Osteoclasts', 'Osteocytes', 'Osteogenesis', 'Osteoprotegerin', 'RANK Ligand', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 21,897,843
|
[['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['G11.427.100'], ['C05.116.264', 'G11.427.213.150'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['G04.085'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.776.543.585.250.200'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.471'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.329.372.700', 'A11.627.482.700'], ['A11.329.629.500'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.949.249'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.562', 'D12.776.467.374.750.562', 'D23.529.374.750.562'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Zenker's diverticulum: carbon dioxide laser endoscopic surgery.
|
Nowadays endoscopic diverticulotomy is the surgical approach of the first choice in treatment of Zenker's diverticulum. We report our experience with this procedure and try to sum up recent recommendations for management of surgery and postoperative care. Data of 34 patients with Zenker's diverticulum, treated by endoscopic carbon dioxide laser diverticulotomy at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic, were prospectively stored and followed in relatively short period from May 2009 to December 2013. The average length of diverticulum was 32 mm. The average duration of surgery was 32 min. The patients were fed via feeding tube for 6.1 days and antibiotics were administered for 7 days. Mean hospitalization time was 7.4 days. We observed one transient recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and no other serious complications. Recurrence rate was 3%. We recommend complete transection of the diverticular septum in one procedure, systemic antibiotic treatment and exclusion of transoral intake for minimally 5 days, and contrast oesophagogram before resumption of oral intake to exclude fistula. Open diverticulectomy should be reserved for cases with inadequate endoscopic exposure and for revision surgery for multiple recurrences from endoscopic diverticulotomies.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Esophagoscopy', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Laser Therapy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'Zenker Diverticulum']
| 24,729,975
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.275', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.260', 'E04.210.240.250.260', 'E04.502.250.250.250.260'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C06.405.205.282.750.625.900', 'C23.300.415.625.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Intrauterine bacterial and mycotic infections in cows].
|
Bacteriologic, mycologic, and serologic investigations of cows and calves and three experiments with rabbits were carried out to shed light on the bacteriology and mycology of the intrauterine infections in cows. The following organisms were isolated from the investigated cows that exhibited disturbances in their reproduction, and had abortions, or gave birth to calves that were affected with diseases or died: Escherichia coli (17.84%), association of bacteria (7.64%); Vibrio genitalis (3.86%); Streptococcus sp. (2.78%); moulds (2.54%); Staphylococcus aureus (2.20%); Proteus sp. (1.62%); Staphylococcus epidermidis (1.39%); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.39%); Pasteurella multocida (0.11%). The serologic investigation of a total of 231 blood samples from cows that miscarried, gave birth to dead calves, or failed to conceive revealed that in 15.58 per cent there was vibriosis, and in 6.06 per cent--leptospirosis. Demonstrated was the etiologic link between cows with reproductive disturbances and diseased calves with regard to vibriosis and leptospirosis. The tests with rabbits were indicative of bacterial carriers (with special reference to the genitalia) up to the 60th day following infection. There were abortions, sterility, and death cases and the birth of unviable bunnies in the case of reproduced coital infections with Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
|
['Abortion, Veterinary', 'Amniotic Fluid', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Endometritis', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Mycoses', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Uterine Diseases', 'Uterus', 'Vagina']
| 6,880,018
|
[['C13.703.039.422', 'C22.021'], ['A12.098', 'A16.378.149'], ['B01.050'], ['C01.150.252'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['C13.351.500.056.750.249', 'C13.351.500.852.299'], ['A12.459'], ['C01.150.703'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['C13.351.500.852'], ['A05.360.319.679'], ['A05.360.319.779']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of v-fms and c-fms in the hemopoietic cell line FDC-P1.
|
A hemopoietic cell line FDC-P1 that requires either IL-3 or GM-CSF to survive and proliferate was infected with retroviruses that expressed either c-fms, which encodes the receptor for M-CSF, or v-fms, which is an oncogenic derivative of c-fms. The expression of c-fms allowed FDC-P1 to grow in the absence of IL-3 or GM-CSF provided that M-CSF was present. The M-CSF did not, however, induce macrophage differentiation. The expression of v-fms allowed FDC-P1 to grow in the absence of any added hemopoietic growth factors, including M-CSF, although the addition of M-CSF enhanced v-fms activity. V-fms cell lines grew to a higher cell density in suspension and were tumorigenic.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Division', 'Colony-Stimulating Factors', 'Gene Expression', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Interleukin-3', 'Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oncogene Protein gp140(v-fms)', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Retroviridae', 'Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic', 'Transfection']
| 2,140,043
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240', 'D12.776.395.240', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240', 'D23.529.374.410.240'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.337'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.400', 'D12.644.276.374.465.032', 'D12.776.395.240.400', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.032', 'D23.529.374.410.240.400', 'D23.529.374.465.169'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.500', 'D12.776.395.240.500', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.500', 'D23.529.374.410.240.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.750.650', 'D12.776.964.700.750.650', 'D12.776.964.775.750.650'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.630.492', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.150.150', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.200.200', 'D12.776.624.664.700.800'], ['D12.776.828'], ['B04.613.807', 'B04.820.650'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.750', 'D12.776.964.700.750', 'D12.776.964.775.750'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lipid peroxidation in early experimental diabetes in rats: effects of diabetes and insulin.
|
The degree of lipid peroxidation was measured in organs from diabetic rats receiving no treatment, and in those from insulin-treated diabetic rats and controls. Lipid peroxidation was measured as organ content of malondialdehyde, a degradation product of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the kidney, lipid peroxidation was increased after one week of diabetes; insulin treatment reduced the level of lipid peroxidation to levels lower than seen in controls. In the liver, diabetes caused an increased lipid peroxidation, which could be reversed by insulin; no additional effect of insulin was found. In heart and pancreas no effects of diabetes or insulin were demonstrated. The present paper provides evidence that lipid peroxidation is increased in the early stages of experimental diabetes and is reversible by insulin treatment. Hyperinsulinaemia may, in itself, counteract lipid peroxidation in kidney.
|
['Animals', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Female', 'Insulin', 'Kidney', 'Lipid Peroxides', 'Liver', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 1,595,332
|
[['B01.050'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.637', 'D01.339.431.374.637', 'D01.650.550.750.600', 'D02.389.338.450', 'D10.440'], ['A03.620'], ['D02.047.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cerebrospinal fluid IgG changes in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in the various stages of the disease and during isoprinosine therapy.
|
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of IgG and the separation of the CSF and serum proteins by isoelectric focusing (IEF) were studied in 5 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Oligoclonal IgG fractions were found in the CSF of all the patients. The CSF IgG, IgG-Index and IgG SYN values were higher in the patients observed in the earlier than in those seen in the later stages of the disease. 1 of the 3 patients treated with isoprinosine presented a partial clinical remission accompanied by an increase in the parameters of intrathecal IgG synthesis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Inosine', 'Inosine Pranobex', 'Isoelectric Focusing', 'Male', 'Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis']
| 6,174,478
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.616', 'D13.570.583.616', 'D13.570.800.573'], ['D02.065.199.092.450', 'D02.092.146.113.092.450', 'D03.633.100.759.590.616.450', 'D13.570.583.616.450', 'D13.570.800.573.450'], ['E05.196.401.663', 'E05.301.300.663'], ['C01.207.245.340.600', 'C01.207.399.750.600', 'C01.925.182.525.600', 'C01.925.782.580.600.500.500.800', 'C01.925.839.862', 'C10.228.140.430.520.750.600', 'C10.228.228.245.340.600', 'C10.228.228.399.750.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Differential effects of chronic treatment with haloperidol and clozapine on the level of preprosomatostatin mRNA in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and frontal cortex of the rat.
|
1. The goal of this work was to determine the effects of typical and atypical neuroleptics on the level of preprosomatostatin messenger RNA (mRNA) in regions of the rat brain innervated by dopaminergic neurons. 2. Quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry was used to measure the levels of mRNA encoding preprosomatostatin in neurons of the striatum, the nucleus accumbens, and the medial and lateral agranular areas of the frontal cortex in adult rats treated with either haloperidol or clozapine. 3. In untreated animals, the density of neurons containing preprosomatostatin mRNA was higher in the nucleus accumbens than in the striatum and frontal cortex. The intensity of labeling per neuron, however, was higher in the striatum than in the two other areas examined, suggesting that the expression of preprosomatostatin mRNA is differentially regulated in these brain regions. Chronic administration of haloperidol (1 mg/kg for 28 days) induced a significant decrease in the labeling for preprosomatostatin mRNA in neurons of the nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex, and medial but not lateral striatum. Treatment with clozapine (20 mg/kg for 28 days) increased the levels of preprosomatostatin mRNA in the nucleus accumbens but not in the striatum or the frontal cortex. 4. These results support a role for dopamine in the regulation of central somatostatinergic neurons. The differences in the effects of haloperidol, a neuroleptic which induces extrapyramidal side effects, and clozapine, which does not, suggest that somatostatinergic neurons may play an important role in the regulation of motor behavior.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Clozapine', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Dibenzazepines', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Haloperidol', 'Male', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Nucleus Accumbens', 'Protein Precursors', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Somatostatin']
| 1,970,756
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D03.633.300.240.220'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D03.633.300.240'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['G05.308'], ['D02.522.352.506'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.775.500'], ['D12.776.811'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.875', 'D06.472.699.587.780', 'D12.644.400.400.700.875', 'D12.644.548.365.700.875', 'D12.644.548.586.780', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of angiotensin II on visual neurons in the superficial laminae of the hamster's superior colliculus.
|
Superficial layer superior colliculus (SC) neurons were recorded extracellularly with multibarreled recording/ejecting micropipettes. Angiotensin II was delivered via micropressure ejection during visual stimulation (n = 215 cells), or during electrical stimulation of either the optic chiasm (OX; n = 150 cells) or visual cortex (CTX; n = 42 cells). Application of angiotensin II decreased visual responses of SC cells to 43.8% +/- 30.7% (mean +/- S.D.) and reduced responses to electrical stimulation of the OX and CTX to 58.6% +/- 34.1% and 43.8% +/- 30.7% of control values, respectively. Angiotensin II enhanced responses by at least 30% in only 6 cells (1.5%). Of the 35 neurons tested with both OX and CTX stimulation, the correlation of evoked response suppression by angiotensin II was highly significant (r = 0.69; P < 0.001). This suggests that the suppressive effects of angiotensin II were common to both pathways. To test whether the inhibitory effects of angiotensin II were presynaptic or postsynaptic, Mg2+ ions were ejected iontophoretically to abolish synaptic responses, and the neurons were activated by iontophoresis of glutamate and then tested with angiotensin II. Angiotensin II reduced the glutamate-evoked responses to an average 29.1% +/- 21.1% of control values (n = 9 cells). This suggest that the site of action of angiotensin II is most likely postsynaptic. To identify which receptors were involved in these effects, angiotensin II was ejected concurrently with the AT1 antagonist Losartan (DUP753) or with either of two AT2 antagonists, CGP42112A or PD123177. Losartan antagonized the action of angiotensin II in 65.6% of the cells tested (n = 99) and CGP42112A and PD123177 had antagonistic effects in 58% (n = 65) and 60% (n = 5), respectively. Both classes of antagonists were tested in 29 cells; and there was no significant correlation between their effectiveness. These results suggest that both AT1 and AT2 receptors may independently mediate the suppressive effects of angiotensin II, and that collicular neurons may have either or both receptor subtypes.
|
['Angiotensin I', 'Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Cricetinae', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Iontophoresis', 'Magnesium', 'Neurons', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Receptors, Angiotensin', 'Superior Colliculi', 'Visual Cortex', 'Visual Pathways']
| 7,841,124
|
[['D06.472.699.094.075', 'D12.644.400.070.075', 'D12.644.456.073.021', 'D12.644.548.058.075', 'D12.776.631.650.070.075', 'D23.469.050.050.025'], ['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['E05.723.402'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['E02.319.267.650', 'E05.301.300.575'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.723.729'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.047', 'D12.776.543.750.750.130'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.800.816'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953'], ['A08.612.220.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A defective autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in patients with idiopathic portal hypertension.
|
The aetiology of idiopathic portal hypertension or hepatoportal sclerosis is unknown. In view of the indirect evidence for underlying immunologic abnormalities 14 patients (all middle-aged females) were studied. Various auto-antibodies were demonstrated in seven patients and high levels of serum immunoglobulins, either IgG, IgM or IgA were present in ten patients. T cell responsiveness to stimulation with either autologous or allogeneic non-T cells was examined in nine of 14 idiopathic portal hypertension patients and compared with responsiveness in patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis and splenomegaly, and healthy controls. Patients with cirrhosis had levels of T cell responsiveness which were not significantly different from those in healthy controls in both autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions. A distinctly reduced autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction was observed in all idiopathic portal hypertension patients. These data indicate that, like many other autoimmune diseases, abnormal serological features and impaired autoreactive T cell responsiveness exist in patients with idiopathic portal hypertension.
|
['Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Autoantibodies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Portal', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed', 'Middle Aged', 'Rosette Formation', 'Splenomegaly', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 1,535,230
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.494'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['E01.370.225.812.385.475', 'E05.200.812.385.475', 'E05.478.594.385.429'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.812.706', 'E05.200.812.706', 'E05.478.594.730'], ['C23.300.775.750'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Are patients with POEMS syndrome at increased risk of Salmonella aortitis?
|
We report a case of Salmonella infectious aortitis in a patient with POEMS (peripheral neuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein and skin changes) syndrome, possibly indicating that vasculopathy associated with POEMS syndrome may increase the risk of Salmonella endovascular infection.
|
['Aged', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Aortitis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'POEMS Syndrome', 'Salmonella Infections', 'Shock, Septic']
| 18,951,055
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['C14.907.109.320', 'C14.907.940.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.668.829.800.700', 'C15.378.147.780.750', 'C16.131.077.703', 'C20.683.780.750'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.821'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Factors affecting patient satisfaction at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Dental Clinic.
|
BACKGROUND: Satisfaction is important in dental care because satisfaction with care alleviates dental anxiety, influences patients' compliance and is an important indicator of quality of care.OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the factors that contribute to satisfaction with dental care among patients attending the Lagos State University (LASUTH) Dental Clinic.METHODS: Across-sectional, descriptive questionnaire-based survey was conducted among adult patients attending the LASUTH Dental Clinic. The questionnaire, a modification of the Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ), contained 19 items on a Likert-pattern scale with scores ranging from 0 to 4.RESULTS: The scores obtained for satisfaction with the dental services ranged from 19 to 75 with a mean of 55.30 +/- 11.55. The majority of respondents (305 or 87.4%) were satisfied with the services received. The items generating the highest and lowest mean satisfaction score were cleanliness/comfort of the facility and cost of services respectively. Long waiting time was the item respondents liked least about the services. There was a statistically significant relationship between the items assessing communication and respondent's gender (p = 0.001). The relationship between the overall satisfaction score and gender (p = 0.233), age category (p = 0.842) and educational status (p = 0.565) were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: The results indicate a high level of satisfaction with services provided at the LASUTH Dental Clinic. However, there is need for improvement in communication with patients and reduction in waiting time.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Dental Care', 'Dental Clinics', 'Female', 'Hospitals, Teaching', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nigeria', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 23,909,091
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E06.170', 'N02.421.240.190'], ['N02.278.192.250'], ['N02.278.020.300', 'N02.278.421.639'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Schwann cells responding to primary demyelination in vivo express p75NTR and c-erbB receptors: a light and electron immunohistochemical study.
|
We have used quantitative and qualitative light microscope immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of p75NTR and c-erbB receptors in Schwann cells in a demyelinating lesion induced by the intraneural injection of lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC). We report that levels of p75NTR, c-erbB2 and c-erbB4, as assessed using image analysis of immuno-peroxidase labelled sections, and c-erbB3, as assessed by eye, increased within each lesion site soon after the initiation of myelinolysis, peaked between 5 and 8 days after induction of demyelination and fell to undetectable levels at the onset of remyelination. Pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that Schwann cells ensheathing demyelinated axons were p75NTR positive. Immunolabel decorated overlapping processes of neighbouring Schwann cells, suggesting that in this context p75NTR could play a role in juxtacrine signalling between reacting cells. We conclude that upregulation of p75NTR and c-erbB receptors is a constitutive Schwann cell response to an acute disruption of the axon-Schwann cell relationship.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Demyelinating Diseases', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lysophosphatidylcholines', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Immunoelectron', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Receptor, ErbB-4', 'Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor', 'Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor', 'Schwann Cells']
| 9,368,881
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C10.314'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.550.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.625', 'E05.595.402.625'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.600', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.600', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.600', 'D12.776.624.664.700.791', 'D23.101.140.760'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.400.550'], ['A08.637.800', 'A08.800.800.690', 'A11.650.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of Helicobacter in gastric biopsies by PCR based on 16S rDNA sequences: a matter of little significance for the prediction of H. pylori-associated gastritis?
|
The aim of the present study was to correlate molecular evidence of the presence of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsy samples, based on analysis of 16S rDNA, vacuolating toxin (vacA), urease A (ureA) and cagA genes, with the clinical, histological and serological findings in patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis. Fresh biopsy samples were collected from the gastric antrum and corpus of 22 asymptomatic volunteers with or without H. pylori-associated gastritis. Total DNA was extracted from the biopsy material and subjected to 16S rDNA PCR amplification, Southern blotting and 16S rDNA sequence analysis of the PCR products. The vacA, ureA and cagA genes were characterised by PCR amplification and Southern blot analysis. Based on partial 16S rDNA sequence analysis, DNA belonging to the genus Helicobacter was detected in gastric biopsy samples from 20 of 22 subjects, including seven of nine histologically and serologically normal controls. Six of 20 partial 16S rDNA sequences revealed variations within variable regions V3 and V4 that deviated from those of the H. pylori type strain ATCC 4350T and, therefore, possibly represented other species of Helicobacter. VacA genes identical with those of the type strain were found predominantly in the subjects with H. pylori gastritis, and all the patients except one were found to be cagA-positive. There was no evidence of false positive PCR reactions. In conclusion, the PCR-based molecular typing methods used here were apparently too sensitive when applied to the detection of H. pylori in human gastric tissues. The lack of quantitative analysis makes them inappropriate as clinical tools for the diagnosis of H. pylori-associated gastritis, despite the fact that they provide a qualitative and sensitive tool for the detection and characterisation of H. pylori in the gastrointestinal tract.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Biopsy', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Female', 'Gastritis', 'Genotype', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Pyloric Antrum', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Stomach', 'Urease', 'Virulence']
| 9,877,190
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['D23.050.161'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['C06.405.205.697', 'C06.405.748.398'], ['G05.380'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['A03.556.875.875.716'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['D08.811.277.087.902'], ['G06.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Metabolic syndrome and atherosclerotic events in renal transplant recipients.
|
BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a known cardiovascular risk factor in the general population. We explored the influence of MS on the occurrence of atherosclerotic events (AEs) after renal transplantation.METHODS: Three hundred thirty-seven renal transplant recipients were included in the study. Various parameters (e.g., anthropometric and biological) were measured 1 year after transplant.RESULTS: One year after transplant, 32% of the study population met criteria for MS. Older age, male gender, pretransplant high body mass index, and an increase in body mass index>or=5% in the first year after transplant were predictive factors for development of MS at 1 year after transplant. Forty-two patients (12.4%) experienced AEs during the 8 years of follow-up. The cumulated incidence of AEs was greater in patients with MS compared with others without MS (25% vs. 7%; P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, patients with MS at 1 year after transplant had an increased risk of AE (hazard ratio 3.40, 95% confidence interval 1.58-7.32, P=0.002). Older age, low creatinine clearance, high C-reactive protein level, and a past history of cardiovascular disease were other independent risk factors for AE.CONCLUSIONS: Similar to the general population, MS is an independent risk factor for AE after renal transplantation. Relevant preventive measures targeting different aspects of MS would then have a potential impact on prevalence of AE in this population.
|
['Adult', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Graft Rejection', 'Humans', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Time Factors']
| 17,589,340
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Reflux in untreated achalasia patients.
|
We made a prospective assessment of acid exposure in the distal esophagus in 48 consecutive untreated patients with achalasia using 24-h ambulatory esophageal pH studies. The majority of patients (38/48) experienced reflux that was within reported values for normal controls (total time pH < 4.0, 1.8 +/- 1.9%). Approximately 20% (10/48), however, demonstrated abnormal acid exposure (total time pH < 4.0, 18.8 +/- 14.8%). The difference in reflux expressed by these two groups was not due to a significant difference in lower esophageal sphincter pressure (p > 0.05) or retained food. An in vitro model of lactobacillus fermentation supported the contention that true acid reflux accounted for changes in esophageal pH. Repeat pH studies were obtained in 23 patients following treatment: 15 underwent pneumatic dilatation and 8 underwent limited myotomy. Although no significant differences were found between pre- and posttreatment reflux, some patients undergoing either treatment were found to demonstrate increased acid exposure. In conclusion, we believe that patients with achalasia should be tested by pH study both before and after treatment. Most of the patients who demonstrated significant pretreatment reflux were asymptomatic, and both methods that were used to decrease resting sphincter pressure were shown to be able to increase distal acid exposure.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Dilatation', 'Esophageal Achalasia', 'Esophagogastric Junction', 'Esophagus', 'Female', 'Gastroesophageal Reflux', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lactobacillus', 'Male', 'Manometry', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies']
| 7,884,182
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.284'], ['C06.405.117.119.500.432'], ['A03.556.875.500.414', 'A03.556.875.875.330'], ['A03.556.875.500'], ['C06.405.117.119.500.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['B03.353.750.450.475', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475', 'B03.510.550.450.475'], ['E05.559'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
What a difference a year makes: the impact of the district nursing specialist practice programme.
|
District nursing has a long history as a service that provides care for patients in their home environment. Demographic changes and a need to optimise out of hospital care has impacted on the acuity of patients supported and the complexity of caseload management. District nurses, in order to effectively manage such increased demands on their busy service, need to possess excellent, assertive case management skills. This study explores and evaluates the impact of the Specialist Practice Qualification in district nursing on the assertiveness and leadership skills of students. A mixed methods approach was adopted, utilising a quantitative assertiveness questionnaire at three points during the programme across the 12 participating higher education institutions, alongside qualitative semi-structured interviews. Statistical analysis of assertiveness scores demonstrated a statistically significant increase in scores across the duration of the programmes, with no difference related to the academic level of programme studied. Qualitative analysis demonstrated wide ranging positive impacts of the programme, including the acquisition of knowledge of underpinning theory, enhanced leadership skills and the development of a voice to truly advocate for the patient. The Specialist Practice Qualification has a dramatic impact on the professional performance of students selected to undertake the programme. The programme is frequently at risk as a result of cuts in post-registration funding. This study effectively demonstrates the substantial impact of the programme; a programme that should remain an option for future district nurses.
|
['Adult', 'Assertiveness', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Case Management', 'Clinical Competence', 'Community Health Nursing', 'Curriculum', 'Education, Nursing, Continuing', 'England', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Leadership', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Scotland', 'Specialties, Nursing', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 30,156,899
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.752.049'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['N04.590.233.624.250'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['H02.478.676.150', 'N02.421.143.150'], ['I02.158'], ['I02.358.212.450', 'I02.358.462.399'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['F01.752.609'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.363.766'], ['H02.478.676'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Gene expression profiles in anatomically and functionally distinct regions of the normal aged human brain.
|
In this article, we have characterized and compared gene expression profiles from laser capture microdissected neurons in six functionally and anatomically distinct regions from clinically and histopathologically normal aged human brains. These regions, which are also known to be differentially vulnerable to the histopathological and metabolic features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), include the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus (limbic and paralimbic areas vulnerable to early neurofibrillary tangle pathology in AD), posterior cingulate cortex (a paralimbic area vulnerable to early metabolic abnormalities in AD), temporal and prefrontal cortex (unimodal and heteromodal sensory association areas vulnerable to early neuritic plaque pathology in AD), and primary visual cortex (a primary sensory area relatively spared in early AD). These neuronal profiles will provide valuable reference information for future studies of the brain, in normal aging, AD and other neurological and psychiatric disorders.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neurons', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'RNA']
| 17,077,275
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G05.297'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.631'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['D13.444.735']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Combination therapy with an antioxidant and a corticosteroid prevents autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice.
|
Oxygen free radicals have been implicated as mediators of pancreatic islet beta cell damage in autoimmune, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In this study, we show that the antioxidant, probucol, produced only a small decrease in diabetes incidence in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, an animal model for human IDDM. However, combination of probucol with the antiinflammatory corticosteroid, deflazacort, produced an early synergistic effect, delaying diabetes onset by 3 weeks, and a later additive effect, decreasing diabetes incidence from 68% (17 of 25 mice) to 23% (6 of 26 mice, p < 0.005). Protection against diabetes by the combination of probucol and deflazacort was associated with a significant decrease in pancreatic islet infiltration by macrophages/lymphocytes (insulitis) and prevention of islet beta cell loss.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Synergism', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Incidence', 'Insulin', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred NOD', 'Pregnenediones', 'Probucol']
| 1,453,877
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['E02.319.310'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.565', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.565'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.746']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Role of prostaglandins in tumour necrosis factor induced weight loss.
|
Administration of either tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) or 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to female NMRI mice caused a decrease in body weight accompanied by a reduction in both food and water intake and a decrease in carcass water content. A single injection of TNF-alpha caused an enhanced production of PGE2 by spleen cells from treated animals, that was significant within 1 h of treatment, and persisted until at least 6 h. These results suggest that the anorectic effect of TNF-alpha may be mediated by a prostaglandin intermediate. Indomethacin (10 mg kg-1) administered 2 h before TNF-alpha (7.5 x 10(7) U kg-1) caused a significant reduction in the extent of weight loss and inhibited PgE2 production. Administration of indomethacin 0.5-1.5 h before the TNF-alpha had no significant effect on loss of body weight, but still inhibited PgE2 production. Also PgE2 production was still enhanced in response to TNF-alpha administered chronically, despite the inability of prolonged TNF-alpha administration to produce continued loss of body weight. These results suggest that prostaglandins are not involved in the anorectic effect of TNF-alpha.
|
['16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2', 'Animals', 'Dinoprostone', 'Female', 'Indomethacin', 'Mice', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Weight Loss']
| 2,803,915
|
[['D10.251.355.255.550.775.450.300', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.450.300', 'D23.469.700.660.200'], ['B01.050'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['C23.888.144.243.963', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.963']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Modeling long-term exposure of the whole population to chemicals in food.
|
This paper discusses a statistical exposure model (STEM) that can be used to estimate the percentage of the population exceeding ingestion intake criteria (e.g., ADI or TDI). In addition, STEM may be linked to toxicokinetic models to evaluate the interindividual variability in internal doses that results from variability in consumption habits. The assumptions of STEM are investigated by analyzing dioxin and cadmium intake data for the Dutch population.
|
['Cadmium', 'Dioxins', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Food Contamination', 'Humans', 'Models, Statistical', 'Netherlands']
| 8,259,442
|
[['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['D02.309.500', 'D03.383.231'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['Z01.542.651']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
3D-QSAR and cell wall permeability of antitubercular nitroimidazoles against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
|
Inhibitory activities of monocyclic nitroimidazoles against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase (DDN) were modeled by using docking, pharmacophore alignment and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) methods. A statistically significant model obtained from CoMSIA was established based on a training set using pharmacophore-based molecular alignment. The leave-one out cross-validation correlation coefficients q2 (CoMSIA) were 0.681. The CoMSIA model had a good correlation (r2(pred)/CoMSIA = 0.611) between the predicted and experimental activities against excluded test sets. The generated model suggests that electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions all play important roles for interaction between ligands and receptors. The predicted cell wall permeability (logP(app)) for substrates with high inhibitory activity against Mtb were investigated. The distribution coefficient (logD) range was 2.41 < logD < 2.89 for the Mtb cell wall membrane permeability. The larger the polar surface area is, the better the permeability is. A larger radius of gyration (rgry) and a small fraction of rotatable bonds (f(rtob)) of these molecules leads to higher cell wall penetration ability. The information obtained from the in silico tools might be useful in the design of more potent compounds that are active against Mtb.
|
['Antitubercular Agents', 'Cell Wall', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Nitroimidazoles', 'Permeability', 'Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 24,217,328
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['A11.284.183'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['D02.640.672', 'D03.383.129.308.658'], ['G02.723'], ['G02.111.830.500', 'G07.690.773.997.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The epidemiology of severe and catastrophic injuries in BASE jumping.
|
OBJECTIVE: To report the demographic characteristics, injury rate, severity, and morbidity in BASE jumping.DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.SETTING: BASE jumping group meetings from 2006 to 2010.PARTICIPANTS: Heterogenic group of 102 International BASE jumpers.ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS: Injuries reported as function of jumps made, jumping days, age, experience, and sex.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence, severity, and type of injuries.RESULTS: Responses from 68 subjects were available for analysis. The median number of jumps was estimated at 286 per respondent. The median time respondents had participated in BASE jumping was 5.8 years. There were 39 reported severe injuries sustained by 29 different jumpers. Nineteen thousand four hundred ninety-seven jumps were reported, resulting in 2 severe injuries per 1000 jumps (0.2% severe injury rate) or 2.6 severe injuries per 1000 jumping days. Forty-nine respondents (72%) had witnessed the death or serious injury of other participants in the sport. Twenty-four accidents (61%) involved the lower limbs, 8 (20%) the back/spine, 7 (18%) the chest wall, and 5 (13%) were a head injury. The mean Abbreviated Injury Score was 3.2 (range, 2-5). Fifteen (52%) of the 29 injured jumpers required 20 acute surgical interventions, which were mostly orthopedic related. There was a significant correlation between number of jumps made and injuries sustained (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: BASE jumpers have an average of 1 severe injury for every 500 jumps. Most active BASE jumpers have witnessed death or severe injury of a participant and have experienced a "close call" incident.
|
['Adult', 'Athletic Injuries', 'Aviation', 'Back Injuries', 'Craniocerebral Trauma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Lower Extremity', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Thoracic Injuries', 'Young Adult']
| 22,450,590
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C26.115'], ['J01.937.285'], ['C26.117'], ['C10.900.300', 'C26.915.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['A01.378.610'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['C26.891'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of nitrite uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana: evidence for a nitrite-specific transporter.
|
Nitrite-specific plasma membrane transporters have been described in bacteria, algae and fungi, but there is no evidence of a nitrite-specific plasma membrane transporter in higher plants. We have used 13NO2(-) to characterize nitrite influx into roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Hydroponically grown Arabidopsis mutants, defective in high-affinity nitrate transport, were used to distinguish between nitrate and nitrite uptake by means of the short-lived tracers 13NO2(-) and 13NO3(-). This approach allowed us to characterize a nitrite-specific transporter. The Atnar2.1-2 mutant, lacking a functional high-affinity nitrate transport system, is capable of nitrite influx that is constitutive and thermodynamically active. The corresponding fluxes conform to a rectangular hyperbola, exhibiting saturation at concentrations above 200 ìM (Km = 185 ìM and Vmax = 1.89 ìmol g(-1) FW h(-1)). Nitrite influx via the putative nitrite transporter is not subject to competitive inhibition by nitrate but is downregulated after 6 h exposure to ammonium. These results signify the existence of a nitrite-specific transporter in Arabidopsis. This transporter enables Atnar2.1-2 mutants, which are incapable of sustained growth on low nitrate, to maintain significant growth on low nitrite. In wild-type plants, this nitrite flux may increase nitrogen acquisition and also participate in the induction of genes specifically induced by nitrite.
|
['Ammonium Compounds', 'Anion Transport Proteins', 'Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Ion Transport', 'Mutation', 'Nitrates', 'Nitrites', 'Nitrogen', 'Plant Roots']
| 23,763,619
|
[['D01.625.062'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['G03.143.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['D01.248.497.158.635', 'D01.625.600.600', 'D02.633'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['A18.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Analysis on long-term trends of cervical cancer mortality and years of life lost in Tianjin, 1999-2015].
|
Objective: To analyze the mortality and years of life lost (YLL) trends of cervical cancer in Tianjin, and provide references for the research and prevention programs of cervical cancer. Methods: Mortality rate, standard mortality rate, cumulative rate (0-74 years-old) and truncated rate (35-64 years-old) of cervical cancer from 1999 to 2015 were calculated. The annual percentage change of the mortality rate and YLL rate were analyzed by using Joinpoint regression analysis, and the trend in different age-groups were analyzed. Results: From 1999 to 2015, 1 741 cases died of cervical cancer in Tianjin, the average crude mortality rate was 2.15/100 000. The average age-standardized rate of (ASR) China and ASR world were 1.47/100 000 and 1.50/100 000 respectively. The average YLL was 3 347.97 person-years. Deaths occurred in those aged 0-34 years, 35-64 years and 65 years and over accounted for 3.10%, 57.84% and 39.06% of the total, respectively. The mortality rate of cervical cancer in urban area was higher than that in rural area, with a ratio of 1.37?1 between urban area and rural area. The age-specific mortality rate of cervical cancer during 1999-2015 increased with age. Two peaks of mortality rate were observed in those aged 50 years and aged 75 years, during 2014-2015. From 1999 to 2011, the mortality rate of cervical cancer was stable (APC=-0.2%, P=0.80), but there was a rapid increase from 2011 to 2015 (APC=21.6%, P<0.01). But group aged 20-49 years, it showed an upward trend from 1999 to 2015 (APC=6.9%, P<0.01). For group aged 50-69 years, it showed a downward trend from 1999 to 2007 (APC=-9.2%, P<0.01), and an upward trend from 2007 to 2015 (APC=14.5%, P<0.01). For group aged 70 years and over, it showed a downward trend from 1999 to 2009 (APC=-10.2%, P<0.01), but the difference in the mortality were not significant from 2009 to 2015 (APC=7.8%, P=0.10). Since 2008, the YLL rate of cervical cancer in group aged 50-70 years had exceeded that in group aged >70 years and the gap gradually widened. Conclusions: There had been a rapid increase trend of cervical cancer mortality since 2011 in Tianjin. Women aged 50-70 years were the main group of life loss.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'China', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Middle Aged', 'Mortality', 'Regression Analysis', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Survival Rate', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Young Adult']
| 30,669,733
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hair loss. Common congenital and acquired causes.
|
Hair loss is a common problem likely to be encountered by a clinical practitioner. The most frequent causes of hair loss in pediatric patients include tinea capitis, alopecia areata, traction alopecia, and trichotillomania. In the adult population, causes to be considered are alopecia areata and hair loss associated with systemic disease and hormonal influence. The clinician must be able to separate the types and causes of hair loss into those that reflect primary dermatologic conditions and those that represent reaction to systemic disease.
|
['Adolescent', 'Alopecia', 'Alopecia Areata', 'Androgens', 'Child', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Hair', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Scalp', 'Tinea Capitis', 'Trichotillomania']
| 3,960,800
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C17.800.329.937.122', 'C23.300.035'], ['C17.800.329.937.122.147'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.171'], ['A17.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['A01.456.810'], ['C01.150.703.302.720.730', 'C01.800.200.720.730', 'C17.800.738.708', 'C17.800.838.208.883.558'], ['F03.250.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Opisthotonus in neurosyphilis: a case report.
|
A 40-year-old woman presented via ambulance to our Emergency Department (ED) for decreased level of consciousness. The patient's husband reported declining cognitive ability over the prior 3 months, and a hospital visit for left leg weakness 5 months earlier. In the ED, the patient exhibited recurrent opisthotonus episodes. Old records obtained from another hospital were positive for reactive rapid plasma reagin test and florescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS). The patient's husband confirmed exposure to syphilis 15 years earlier. Subsequently, during hospitalization, the patient had a positive cerebrospinal fluid venereal disease research laboratory test and FTA-ABS, visible changes on a brain magnetic resonance imaging study, and was diagnosed with neurosyphilis.
|
['Adult', 'Dystonic Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Neurosyphilis', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial']
| 18,547,774
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.662.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C01.150.252.223.600', 'C01.150.252.400.794.840.500.750', 'C01.150.252.400.840.500.750', 'C01.207.180.600', 'C10.228.228.180.600'], ['C01.150.252.734', 'C01.221.812.281', 'C01.778.281', 'C12.294.668.281', 'C13.351.500.711.281', 'C23.550.291.531.937.281']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Physicians' beliefs about effectiveness of cancer screening tests: a national survey of family physicians, general internists, and obstetrician-gynecologists.
|
OBJECTIVE: To study physicians' beliefs about the effectiveness of different tests for cancer screening.METHODS: Data were examined from the Women's Health Survey of 1574 Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, and Obstetrics-Gynecology physicians to questions about their level of agreement about the clinical effectiveness of different tests for breast, cervical, ovarian, and colorectal cancer screening among average risk women. Data were weighted to the U.S. physician population based on the American Medical Association Masterfile. Multivariable logistic regression identified physician and practice characteristics significantly associated with physicians' beliefs.RESULTS: There were 1574 respondents, representing a 62% response rate. The majority of physicians agreed with the effectiveness of mammography for women aged 50-69years, Pap tests for women aged 21-65years, and colonoscopy for individuals aged ?50years. A substantial proportion of physicians believed that non-recommended tests were effective for screening (e.g., 34.4% for breast MRI and 69.1% for annual pelvic exam). Physicians typically listed their respective specialty organizations as a top influential organization for screening recommendations.CONCLUSIONS: There were several substantial inconsistencies between physician beliefs in the effectiveness of cancer screening tests and the actual evidence of these tests' effectiveness which can lead both to underuse and overuse of cancer screening tests.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Female', 'Guideline Adherence', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Physicians', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'United States']
| 25,038,531
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['E01.390.500'], ['N04.761.337', 'N05.715.360.395'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Diffuse lipogranulomatosis involving soft tissues of the head and neck due to multiple self-injections of mineral oil.
|
We describe imaging findings of a 45-year-old man with a 6-month history of gradually increasing diffuse swelling of the neck. CT showed diffuse thickening and infiltration of the superficial and deep soft tissues bilaterally. On further investigation of his history, the patient stated that he had injected mineral oil into his neck to clean out his body from drugs. Biopsy results showed multinucleated giant cells and inflammatory infiltrates confirming the diagnosis of lipogranulomatosis.
|
['Erdheim-Chester Disease', 'Head', 'Humans', 'Injections, Subcutaneous', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mineral Oil', 'Neck', 'Radiography', 'Self Medication']
| 18,617,587
|
[['C15.604.250.410.224'], ['A01.456'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.620'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.455.699.500'], ['A01.598'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E02.319.900', 'E02.900.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The magnetic properties of myoglobin as studied by NMR spectroscopy.
|
Deoxymyoglobin has been investigated by NMR spectroscopy to determine the magnetic anisotropy through pseudocontact shifts and the total magnetic susceptibility through Evans measurements. The magnetic anisotropy values were found to be Deltachi(ax)=-2.03+/-0.08 x 10(-32) m(3) and Deltachi(rh)=-1.02+/-0.09 x 10(-32) m(3). The negative value of the axial susceptibility anisotropy originates from the z tensor axis lying in the heme plane, unlike all other heme systems investigated so far. This magnetic axis is almost exactly orthogonal to the axial histidine plane. The other two axes lie essentially in the histidine plane, the closest to the heme normal being tilted by about 36 degrees from it, towards pyrrole A on the side of the proximal histidine. From the comparison with cytochrome c' it clearly appears that the position of the one axis lying in the heme plane is related to the axial histidine orientation. Irrespective of the directions, the magnetic anisotropy is smaller than that of the analogous reduced cytochrome c' and of the order of that of low-spin iron(III). The magnetic anisotropy of the system permits the measurement of residual dipolar couplings, which, together with pseudocontact shifts, prove that the solution structure is very similar to that in the crystalline state. Magnetic measurements, at variance with previous data, demonstrate that there is an orbital contribution to the magnetic moment, micro(eff)=5.5 micro(B). Finally, from the magnetic anisotropy data, the hyperfine shifts of iron ligands could be separated in pseudocontact and contact components, and hints are provided to understand the spin-delocalisation mechanism in S=2 systems by keeping in mind the delocalisation patterns in low-spin S=1/2 and high-spin S= 5/2 iron(III) systems.
|
['Anisotropy', 'Binding Sites', 'Ferric Compounds', 'Models, Molecular', 'Myoglobin', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular']
| 12,772,306
|
[['G01.590.040', 'G02.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D01.490.100'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D12.776.210.500.588', 'D12.776.422.316.940'], ['E05.196.867.519.550']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A sequence of basic residues in the porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein is crucial for its co-expression and co-localization with the replication protein.
|
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) encodes two major proteins: the replication protein (Rep) and the capsid protein (Cap). Cap displays a conserved stretch of basic residues situated on the inside of the capsid, whose role is so far unknown. We used a reverse-genetics approach to investigate its function and found that mutations in these amino acids hindered Cap mRNA translation and hampered Cap/Rep co-localization, yielding unfit viruses. Intriguingly, co-transfection with a WT PCV2 of a different genotype partially rescued mutant Cap expression, showing the importance of this basic pattern for efficient translation of Cap mRNA into protein. Our results show that Cap and Rep are expressed independently of each other, and that this amino acid sequence of Cap is vital for virus propagation. This study provides a method for studying unfit PCV2 virions and offers new insights into the intracellular modus vivendi of PCV2.
|
['Animals', 'Capsid Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'Circovirus', 'DNA, Viral', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Viral', 'Genotype', 'Mutation', 'Protein Transport', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Viral', 'Swine', 'Virus Replication']
| 26,415,571
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.964.970.600.550'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B04.280.120.150'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['G05.308.385'], ['G05.380'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The child as proband. High prevalence of unrecognized and untreated hyperlipidemia in parents of hyperlipidemic children.
|
The authors evaluated the lipids of parents of hypercholesterolemic children to assess the prevalence of unrecognized and/or untreated hyperlipidemia. Biologic parents of 34 children had measurements of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides (n = 47) or total cholesterol only (n = 14). Lipid abnormalities were defined according to guidelines established by the National Cholesterol Education Program. Abnormal values were defined as total cholesterol greater than 240 mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol greater than 160 mg/dl, HDL cholesterol less than 35 mg/dl, and triglycerides greater than 250 mg/dl. Borderline values were defined as total cholesterol between 200 and 240 mg/dl and LDL cholesterol between 130 and 160 mg/dl. Abnormal values were found in 32/61 (52%) and borderline values were found in 12/61 (20%) parents. Of the abnormal parents, 13/32 (41%) had unrecognized or known but untreated hyperlipidemia, and 9/12 (75%) of the borderline parents had unrecognized abnormalities. In all families where both parents were tested, at least 1 had a lipid abnormality. The authors conclude that when children with hypercholesterolemia are identified, parents should also have lipids assessed. Treatment programs for children should also be directed at the parents.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperlipidemias', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Triglycerides']
| 2,791,435
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.238', 'D10.532.432.400', 'D10.570.938.208.270', 'D12.776.521.479.470'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500'], ['D10'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Fast nonlinear region localisation for nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy of biological suspensions.
|
The nonlinear properties of biological suspensions have been previously presented as a bulk phenomenon without the influences of the electrodes. However, some authors have showed that the behaviour of a biological suspension is due to the nonlinear characteristics of the electrode-electrolyte interface (EEI), which is modulated by the presence of yeast cells. We have developed a method, complementary to the nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy (NLDS) which is used for the study of the behaviour of EEI with resting cell suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The method allows researchers to detect simply and quickly the voltage and frequency ranges where the metabolic activity of yeasts is detectable. This method does not replace NLDS, and aims to reduce the time during which the electrodes are exposed to corrosion by high voltages. In this paper we applied AC overpotentials (10-630 mV) with frequencies in the range from 1 to 1000 Hz. Also, we measured current harmonic distortion produced by the nonlinearity of the interface. Changes in the transfer function were observed when yeast suspension was used. Apart from the nonlinear response typical of the EEI, we also observed the biological nonlinear behaviour. The changes in the transfer functions were assessed using the overlapping index which was defined in terms of the conditional probability. The methodology was contrasted favourably with Fourier analysis. This novel strategy has the advantages of simplicity, sensitivity, reproducibility and involves basic tools such as the usual measurement of current.
|
['Dielectric Spectroscopy', 'Fourier Analysis', 'Nonlinear Dynamics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Time Factors']
| 23,796,533
|
[['E05.196.867.335'], ['E05.377', 'G17.226', 'L01.224.800.625'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
In vivo assessment of liver cell apoptosis as a novel biomarker of disease severity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
|
In patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a liver biopsy remains the only reliable way to differentiate simple steatosis from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Noninvasive methods are urgently needed. Increasing evidence suggests hepatocyte apoptosis is a key mediator of liver injury in NAFLD. The aim of this study was to quantify hepatocyte apoptosis in plasma from patients with NAFLD and correlate it with histological severity. Plasma was obtained from 44 consecutive patients with suspected NAFLD at the time of liver biopsy. Histology was assessed blindly. Caspase-3-generated cytokeratin-18 fragments were measured in situ via immunohistochemistry and in vivo using a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma cytokeratin-18 fragments were markedly increased in patients with NASH compared with patients with simple steatosis or normal biopsies (median [interquartile range]: 765.7 U/L [479.6-991.1], 202.4 U/L [160.4-258.2], 215.5 U/L [150.2-296.2], respectively; P < .001). Cytokeratin-18 fragment levels independently predicted NASH (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.18-3.22; P = .009 for every 50 U/L increase). A cutoff value of 395 U/L calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve approach showed a specificity of 99.9%, a sensitivity of 85.7%, and positive and negative predictive values of 99.9% and 85.7%, respectively, for the diagnosis of NASH. In conclusion, these findings strongly suggest that determination of hepatocyte caspase activation in the blood is a strong and independent predictor of NASH in human subjects. These data highlight the potential usefulness of this test as a noninvasive diagnostic means of determining histological disease severity in patients with NAFLD.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Biomarkers', 'Biopsy', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Fatty Liver', 'Female', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Keratins', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'ROC Curve', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 16,799,979
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E01.171'], ['C06.552.241'], ['A11.436.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D05.750.078.593.450', 'D12.776.220.475.450', 'D12.776.860.607'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Dual-site recognition of different extracellular matrix components by anti-angiogenic/neurotrophic serpin, PEDF.
|
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily, possesses anti-angiogenic and neurotrophic activities. PEDF has been reported to bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as collagens and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). In this study, to determine the binding sites for collagens and GAGs, we analyzed the interaction of recombinant mouse PEDF (rPEDF) with collagen I and heparin. By utilizing residue-specific chemical modification and site-directed mutagenesis techniques, we revealed that the acidic amino acid residues on PEDF (Asp(255), Asp(257), and Asp(299)) are critical to collagen binding, and three clustered basic amino acid residues (Arg(145), Lys(146), and Arg(148)) are necessary for heparin binding. Mapping of these residues on the crystal structure of human PEDF (Simonovic, M., Gettins, P. G. W., and Volz, K. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98, 11131-11135) demonstrated that the collagen-binding site is oriented toward the opposite side of the highly basic surface where the heparin-binding site is localized. These results indicate that PEDF possesses dual binding sites for different ECM components, and this unique localization of ECM-binding sites implies that the binding to ECM components could regulate PEDF activities.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Circular Dichroism', 'DNA Primers', 'Extracellular Matrix Proteins', 'Eye Proteins', 'Mice', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'Proteins', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Serpins']
| 12,641,447
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D12.776.860.300'], ['D12.776.306'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G09.330.630'], ['D12.644.276.860', 'D12.776.467.860', 'D12.776.631.600', 'D23.529.850'], ['D12.776'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.644.861', 'D12.776.872', 'D27.505.519.389.745.800.675']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Practical tips for office surgery. Commonsense advice from a plastic surgeon.
|
Performing office surgery well is an art. You can accomplish this by being attentive to several factors. These include, but are not limited to, providing an office environment that is pleasant, restful, and happy; using proper lighting, instruments, and suture techniques; using gentle techniques for local infiltration and handling of tissue; and providing patients with written instructions on postoperative wound care.
|
['Ambulatory Surgical Procedures', 'Humans', 'Surgery, Plastic', 'Surgical Instruments', 'Suture Techniques', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 6,348,720
|
[['E04.030'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.810.788'], ['E07.858.700'], ['E04.987.775'], ['C26']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Long-term recovery after bone marrow stromal cell treatment of traumatic brain injury in rats.
|
OBJECT: This study was designed to follow the effects of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) administration in rats after traumatic brain injury (TBI) for a 3-month period.METHODS: Forty adult female Wistar rats were injured by a controlled cortical impact and, 1 week later, were injected intravenously with one of three different doses of BMSCs (2 x 10(6), 4 x 10(6), or 8 x 10(6) cells per animal) obtained in male rats. Control rats received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Neurological function in these rats was studied using a neurological severity scale (NSS). The rats were killed 3 months after injury, and immunohistochemical stains were applied to brain samples to study the distribution of the BMSCs. Additional brain samples were analyzed by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure the expression of the growth factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Three months after injury, BMSCs were present in the injured brain and their number was significantly greater in animals that received 4 x 10(6) or 8 x 10(6) BMSCs than in animals that received 2 x 10(6) BMSCs. The cells were primarily distributed around the lesion boundary zone. Functional outcome was significantly better in rats that received 4 x 10(6) or 8 x 10(6) BMSCs, compared with control animals, although no improvement was seen in animals that received 2 x 10(6) BMSCs. All doses of BMSCs significantly increased the expression of BDNF but not that of NGF; however, this increase was significantly larger in animals that received 4 x 10(6) or 8 x 10(6) BMSCs than in controls or animals that received 2 x 10(6) BMSCs.CONCLUSIONS: In summary, when injected in rats after TBI, BMSCs are present in the brain 3 months later and significantly improve functional outcome.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Brain Injuries', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Female', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Stromal Cells', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,509,501
|
[['B01.050'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A11.329.830'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Daily intake of inorganic arsenic and some organic arsenic species of Japanese subjects.
|
The daily dietary intake of inorganic arsenic (InAs) and some of organic arsenic (OrAs) species of Japanese subjects were estimated by determining the concentrations of As species in two different sets of total diet sample: duplicated diet samples collected from 25 subjects in Japan and a certified reference material with total diet matrix (NIES CRM No. 27 Typical Japanese Diet, TJD). The concentration of InAs and OrAs in diet samples were determined by LC-ICP-MS using a photo-oxidation and hydride generation system. The median intake of InAs for the 25 subjects was 3.8 ìg day(-1) (2.0-57 ìg day(-1)) and intake of 27 ìg day(-1) was estimated from TJD. The median intake of MMA, DMA and TMAsO were <0.18, 1.1 and <0.053 ìg day(-1) for the 25 subjects and that of MMA, DMA, AB and TMAsO was estimated to be 3.9, 11, 140 and 5.9 ìg day(-1), respectively, based on TJD analysis. On the basis of InAs intakes estimated and the oral slope factor of the US EPA and Health Canada, excess cancer risk was estimated to exceed acceptable level. Cancer risk posed by the dietary InAs of the general Japanese may not be negligible.
|
['Arsenic', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Humans', 'Inorganic Chemicals', 'Japan', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Organic Chemicals']
| 22,617,717
|
[['D01.268.513.249'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D02']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Long-term treatment with oxcarbazepine in clinical practice.
|
Oxcarbazepine (up to 1800 mg daily orally) was given for 12 months to 61 adult epileptic patients in clinical practice, as monotherapy (n=52) or adjunctive therapy (n=9). Patients on monotherapy became seizure-free (76.9%) or experienced > or = 75% seizure rate reduction, with two exceptions. In the adjunctive therapy group, one patient became seizure-free and two experienced a 50-75% seizure rate reduction. These seizure-free rates are higher than those reported in the literature. The drug was well tolerated; only two patients withdrew because of intolerance (3.3%). Long-term data is essential when evaluating a drug for lifelong treatment. This study contributes to the growing body of 12-month evidence on oxcarbazepine.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Carbamazepine', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxcarbazepine', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,324,237
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['D03.633.300.240.127'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.633.300.240.127.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Acute amelioration of diabetic endothelial dysfunction with a derivative of the nitric oxide synthase cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin.
|
Tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor for nitric oxide synthase. In low concentrations of this cofactor, nitric oxide synthase is known to produce less nitric oxide and, correspondingly, enhanced quantities of the oxidant species, hydrogen peroxide. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an exogenous tetrahydrobiopterin derivative might improve endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in diabetic endothelium. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats with intravenous injections of streptozotocin. After 8 weeks, endothelium-dependent relaxation was assessed in aortic rings by using acetylcholine, whereas endothelium-independent relaxation was assessed by using nitroglycerin. Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was impaired in diabetic rings, whereas nitroglycerin-induced relaxation was unimpaired. Exposure of rings for 30 min with 100 microM of the pteridine derivative, 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin (in the presence of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid to inhibit oxidation), followed by washing and equilibration in control media, augmented relaxation induced by acetylcholine in diabetic rings but had no effect on relaxation in control rings. Pteridine exposure did not alter relaxation or sensitivity to nitroglycerin in control rings either with or without endothelium. In diabetic rings, pteridine exposure augmented maximal relaxation to nitroglycerin in rings with or without endothelium while increasing the sensitivity only in rings with endothelium but not in rings without endothelium. In contrast, there was no effect of pteridine exposure on relaxation or sensitivity to nitroglycerin in diabetic rings (with or without endothelium) that are pretreated with L-nitroarginine. In summary, tetrahydrobiopterin availability can play a key role in the regulation of nitric oxide production by diabetic endothelium.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle Relaxation', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Nitroglycerin', 'Pterins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 9,007,664
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['E05.481'], ['G11.427.494'], ['G11.427.494.554'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D02.640.636'], ['D03.633.100.733.631', 'D23.767.831'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Localization of the decoding region on the 30S Escherichia coli ribosomal subunit by affinity immunoelectron microscopy.
|
The decoding region of the Escherichia coli ribosome has been localized by affinity immunoelectron microscopy. Valyl-tRNA1Val, derivatized at the alpha-amino end with the dinitrophenyl group, was bound to the ribosomal P site of 70S ribosomes and crosslinked specifically to 16S RNA by 310- to 325-nm irradiation. Previous work has shown that crosslink occurs between the 5' anticodon base of the tRNA and a pyrimidine in the 3' one-third of the 16S RNA. By reaction of the dinitrophenyl group with antibody, dimers of the 30S tRNA covalent complexes were prepared containing one covalently attached tRNA per 30S subunit. Electron microscopic visualization of the antibody attached to the dinitrophenyl group located the position of the 3' end of the tRNA. Several sites, with a strong preference for the large protrusion or cleft region in the upper one-third of the subunit, were found. The multiplicity of sites is likely due to the freedom of orientation of the 3' end of the tRNA which is approximately 80 A from the site of crosslinking. By extrapolating this distance from each of the antigenic sites, we concluded that the anticodon of tRNA when in the P site is probably located in the cleft region of the 30S subunit.
|
['Dinitrophenols', 'Escherichia coli', 'Immunoassay', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA, Ribosomal', 'RNA, Transfer', 'Ribosomes', 'Valine']
| 375,223
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Microtubule regulation of cell surface receptor topography during granulosa cell differentiation.
|
A possible role for cytoplasmic microtubules in modulating lectin binding site topography has been examined during the hormone-directed differentiation of rat ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. Indirect immunofluorescence staining with anti-tubulin antibodies indicates that undifferentiated cultured granulosa cells contain a network of microtubules which radiate from the cell center to the cell periphery. Cultures induced to differentiate by a three day treatment with 1 microgram/ml prolactin exhibit a marginal distribution of microtubules and a centrally-located primary cilium. Prolactin enhances the incidence of granulosa cells containing a primary cilium from 9% in undifferentiated cultures to 53% in hormone-treated cultures. The pattern of lectin binding site redistribution induced by Concanavalin A (Con A) is also modified by prolactin treatment. In contrast to undifferentiated cells, which randomly endocytose fluorescein Con A, granulosa cells exposed to prolactin respond to fluorescein Con A by forming central surface caps to a greater extent (75%) than undifferentiated controls (25%). Double label fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy on Con A labeled cells show that caps form at central cell surface sites which contain the primary cilium. Disruption of cytoplasmic microtubules by colchicine, in undifferentiated granulosa cells, results in the formation of cell surface caps upon Con A addition. These data suggest that cytoplasmic microtubules modulate the topography of lectin bindings sites which is subject to hormonal control during the in vitro differentiation of ovarian granulosa cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cilia', 'Colchicine', 'Concanavalin A', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Granulosa Cells', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Microtubules', 'Prolactin', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Concanavalin A']
| 6,363,181
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.284.180.165'], ['D03.132.225'], ['D12.776.503.499.500', 'D12.776.765.678.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535.200', 'A06.300.312.497.535.300', 'A11.382.812', 'A11.436.329'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.880.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Conserved Molecular Superlattices in a Series of Homologous Synthetic Mycobacterial Cell-Wall Lipids Forming Interdigitated Bilayers.
|
Synthetic analogues of the cell-wall lipid monomycoloyl glycerol (MMG) are promising as next-generation vaccine adjuvants. In the present study, the thermotropic phase behavior of an array of synthetic MMG analogues was examined by using simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering under excess water conditions. The MMG analogues differed in the alkyl chain lengths and in the stereochemistry of the polar glycerol headgroup or of the lipid tails (native-like versus alternative compounds). All MMG analogues formed poorly hydrated lamellar phases at low temperatures and inverse hexagonal (H2) phases at higher temperatures prior to melting. MMG analogues with a native-like lipid acid configuration self-assembled into noninterdigitated bilayers whereas the analogues displaying an alternative lipid acid configuration formed interdigitated bilayers in a subgel (Lc') state. This is in contrast to previously described interdigitated phases for other lipids, which are usually in a gel (Lâ) state. All investigated MMG analogues displayed an abrupt direct temperature-induced phase transition from Lc' to H2. This transition is ultimately driven by the lipid chain melting and the accompanying change in molecular shape. No intermediate structures were found, but the entire array of MMG analogues displayed phase coexistence during the lamellar to H2 transition. The structural data also showed that the headgroups of the MMG analogues adopting the alternative lipid acid configuration were ordered and formed a two-dimensional molecular superlattice, which was conserved regardless of the lipid tail length. To our knowledge, the MMG analogues with an alternative lipid acid configuration represent the first example of a lipid system showing both interdigitation and superlattice formation, and as such could serve as an interesting model system for future studies. The MMG analogues are also relevant from a subunit vaccine perspective because they are well-tolerated and display promising immunopotentiating activity. The structural characterization described here will serve as a prerequisite for the rational design of nanoparticulate adjuvants with specific and tailored structural features.
|
['Artificial Cells', 'Bacterial Vaccines', 'Buffers', 'Cell Wall', 'Electrons', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Monoglycerides', 'Mycobacterium', 'Phase Transition', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Temperature', 'Thermodynamics', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 27,934,510
|
[['J01.637.051.479.258', 'J01.637.087.500.254'], ['D20.215.894.135'], ['D27.720.470.280'], ['A11.284.183'], ['G01.249.335', 'G01.358.500.750'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D10.351.676'], ['B03.510.024.962.500', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552'], ['G01.645', 'G02.734'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.906'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The IS1111 insertion sequence used for detection of Coxiella burnetii is widespread in Coxiella-like endosymbionts of ticks.
|
Coxiella is a genus of obligate intracellular bacteria engaged in a variety of interactions with eukaryotes. The type species, Coxiella burnetii, infects several vertebrate species, including humans, and is the causative agent of Q fever. Multiple copies of a specific transposable element, the insertion sequence IS1111, are present in the genome of C. burnetii and are routinely used for confirmation of Q fever cases. Recently, many Coxiella-like bacteria that are closely related but genetically distinct to C. burnetii have been found in ticks. These Coxiella-like bacteria are maternally inherited endosymbionts, present at high prevalence in tick populations and engaged in mutualistic interactions with their arthropod hosts. In this study, the presence of IS1111 was examined in the Coxiella-like endosymbionts and in bacteria of the Coxiella sister-genus, Rickettsiella. This screening reveals that a wide range of IS1111 copies were present in the Coxiella-like endosymbionts of ticks. DNA sequencing further identified genetically divergent IS1111 copies, including degraded copies that constitute an important genomic fossil record of past IS1111 expansions. These results show that IS1111 is not specific to C. burnetii, suggesting that Q fever detection assays based only on this element may lead to misidentification with Coxiella-like endosymbionts.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Argasidae', 'Coxiella', 'Coxiella burnetii', 'Coxiellaceae', 'DNA Transposable Elements', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Humans', 'Ixodidae', 'Q Fever', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Symbiosis']
| 26,269,380
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832.100'], ['B03.440.400.425.297.150', 'B03.660.250.132.150'], ['B03.440.400.425.297.150.100', 'B03.660.250.132.150.100'], ['B03.440.400.425.297', 'B03.660.250.132'], ['D13.444.308.520', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.340.024.425.200'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832.400'], ['C01.150.252.400.755'], ['E05.393.751'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G06.550.800', 'G16.840']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Long-term storage of compound solutions for high-throughput screening by using a novel 1536-well microplate.
|
This report describes the features and the performance of a new and significantly improved 1536-well microplate design. The design allows for simple, automation-friendly, and cost-effective storage of compound solutions for high-throughput screening. The plate design is based on Society for Biomolecular Sciences standards for microplates and can be molded from polystyrene or cycloolefin copolymer, thus making the plate suitable for use with acoustic dispensing as well as other conventional liquid dispensing in the nanoliter range. For a 9:1 DMSO/water mix as solvent, the novel plate design has shown to perform over 4 months with only minor losses in solvent. Thus, this novel plate design creates the basis for further reductions in compound storage volumes and allows for an increase in the storage times for microliter volumes for up to a year or more. The high protection against solvent evaporation is also visible for aqueous solutions, thus allowing for reduced edge effects during screening campaigns.
|
['Automation', 'Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques', 'Drug Design', 'Drug Storage', 'Miniaturization', 'Solvents', 'Water']
| 19,487,771
|
[['J01.897.104'], ['E05.197.312', 'J01.897.836.249.249'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['E05.916.350'], ['J01.897.520'], ['D27.720.844'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endogenous axoplasmic proteins and proteins containing nuclear localization signal sequences use the retrograde axonal transport/nuclear import pathway in Aplysia neurons.
|
When the nuclear localization signal peptide (sp) of the SV 40 large T antigen was coupled to human serum albumin (HSA), rhodaminated (r), and microinjected into axons of Aplysia neurons in vitro, the rHSA-sp was conveyed through the axon to the cell body and then into the nucleus (Ambron et al., 1992). But since rHSA-sp is an artificial construct, we needed to determine whether naturally occurring nuclear proteins use this pathway. We therefore injected calf thymus histone H-1 and Xenopus oocyte nucleoplasmin into axons. By 3 hr both were retrogradely transported and targeted into the nucleus, though histone H-1 less efficiently than rHSA-sp or nucleoplasmin. In contrast, neither rHSA, nor rHSA conjugated to a peptide with a random distribution of basic amino acids, was transported or imported. To see if proteins that use the pathway remain intact, we coupled sp to HRP. When injected into varicosities, the HRP-sp was transported/imported to the nucleus, where it was enzymatically active. A key issue was to determine whether endogenous proteins use this pathway. Consequently, axoplasm was extruded from Aplysia nerves and the proteins were fractionated by size. SDS-PAGE and Western blots showed that two fractions contained proteins that were recognized by an affinity-purified antibody to sp: fraction 3 included sp83, and fraction 4 contained sp75. In addition, these two proteins were found in nuclei isolated from neurons. To assess transport, the total proteins in the fractions were rhodaminated and injected into varicosities. Fraction 3, but not fraction 4, contained protein that was transported through the axon to the nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming', 'Aplysia', 'Axonal Transport', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Ganglia', 'Histones', 'Horseradish Peroxidase', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Nervous System', 'Nervous System Physiological Phenomena', 'Neurons', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Nucleoplasmins', 'Oocytes', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Protein Sorting Signals', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Serum Albumin', 'Xenopus']
| 7,690,069
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.090', 'D12.776.964.700.090', 'D23.050.285.062.090', 'D23.050.327.062.090'], ['B01.050.500.644.400.060'], ['G03.143.355.040', 'G04.392.040', 'G11.561.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['A08.340'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['D08.811.682.732.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.631'], ['A08'], ['G11.561'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.776.580.219.500'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['D12.776.744'], ['D12.644.770', 'G02.111.570.060.670'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Conformational equilibrium of N-myristoylated cAMP-dependent protein kinase A by molecular dynamics simulations.
|
The catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA-C) is subject to several post- or cotranslational modifications that regulate its activity both spatially and temporally. Among those, N-myristoylation increases the kinase affinity for membranes and might also be implicated in substrate recognition and allosteric regulation. Here, we investigated the effects of N-myristoylation on the structure, dynamics, and conformational equilibrium of PKA-C using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the myristoyl group inserts into the hydrophobic pocket and leads to a tighter packing of the A-helix against the core of the enzyme. As a result, the conformational dynamics of the A-helix are reduced and its motions are more coupled with the active site. Our simulations suggest that cation-ð interactions among W30, R190, and R93 are responsible for coupling these motions. Two major conformations of the myristoylated N-terminus are the most populated: a long loop (LL conformation), similar to Protein Data Bank (PDB) entry 1CMK , and a helix-turn-helix structure (HTH conformation), similar to PDB entry 4DFX , which shows stronger coupling between the conformational dynamics observed at the A-helix and active site. The HTH conformation is stabilized by S10 phosphorylation of the kinase via ionic interactions between the protonated amine of K7 and the phosphate group on S10, further enhancing the dynamic coupling to the active site. These results support a role of N-myristoylation in the allosteric regulation of PKA-C.
|
['Catalytic Domain', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Myristic Acid', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Structure, Secondary']
| 23,205,665
|
[['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['D10.251.640.630'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses to antigen-adjuvant compositions administered into the skin: alterations in the migratory properties of dendritic cells appears to be important for stimulating mucosal immunity.
|
The properties of various vaccine-adjuvant formulations that are capable of inducing both systemic and common mucosal immunity subsequent to their intradermal administration are described. Effective mucosal adjuvants, including bacterial toxins, chemical enhancers of cyclic AMP, and the active form of vitamin D3, all shared the ability to promote dendritic cell migration from the skin to Peyer's patches subsequent to antigen induced maturation. Our data suggests that skin dendritic cells may function as effective antigen presenting cells for the induction of mucosal immune responses, if microenvironmental conditions are appropriately manipulated subsequent to their stimulation by antigen.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Cell Movement', 'Cholecalciferol', 'Cholera Toxin', 'Colforsin', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Enterotoxins', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Immunity, Mucosal', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Injections, Intradermal', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Rats', 'Therapeutic Irrigation', 'Vaccines', 'Vagina']
| 10,781,863
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.946.123'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196', 'D10.570.938.146'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.180', 'D23.946.123.194', 'D23.946.330.150'], ['D02.455.849.291.300'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['D23.946.330'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['A12.459'], ['G12.450.573'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['E02.319.267.530.620.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E02.779.492.500', 'E02.831.535.492.500', 'E05.927'], ['D20.215.894'], ['A05.360.319.779']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pathology of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.
|
This is the first description of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), a novel disease affecting farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Norway. HSMI was first diagnosed in 1999, and there has since been a yearly increase in the number of recorded outbreaks. Atlantic salmon are commonly affected 5 to 9 mo after transfer to sea, but outbreaks have been recorded as early as 14 d following seawater transfer. Affected fish are anorexic and display abnormal swimming behaviour. Autopsy findings typically include a pale heart, yellow liver, ascites, swollen spleen and petechiae in the perivisceral fat. While mortality is variable (up to 20%), morbidity may be very high in affected cages. Until more accurate tests are available, HSMI is diagnosed on the basis of histopathology. The major pathological changes occur in the myocardium and red skeletal muscle, where extensive inflammation and multifocal necrosis of myocytes are evident. HSMI is transmissible and, although most likely caused by a virus, the causal agent has not yet been isolated. This paper describes clinical signs and pathology of HSMI from 3 field outbreaks in Norway. Microscopic lesions are compared and discussed in relation to published descriptions of pancreas disease (PD) and cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS). It is concluded that HSMI is histopathologically distinguishable from PD and CMS.
|
['Animals', 'Aquaculture', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Fish Diseases', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect', 'Histological Techniques', 'Liver', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Myocarditis', 'Myocardium', 'Myositis', 'Norway', 'Salmo salar']
| 15,264,718
|
[['B01.050'], ['J01.040.168'], ['N06.850.290'], ['C22.362'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240.310', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240.310', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.478.583.375.310'], ['E01.370.225.750', 'E05.200.750'], ['A03.620'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C14.280.238.625'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['C05.651.594', 'C10.668.491.562'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.705.790']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
A novel activation pathway for mature thymocytes. Costimulation of CD2 (T,p50) and CD28 (T,p44) induces autocrine interleukin 2/interleukin 2 receptor-mediated cell proliferation.
|
Prior studies have shown that thymocytes, unlike peripheral T cells, do not proliferate in response to mitogenic combinations of anti-CD2 mAbs. The present study demonstrated that stimulation by a mitogenic anti-CD2 combination (9-1 plus 9.6) with anti-CD28 induced vigorous thymocyte proliferation in the absence of exogenous IL-2. This thymocyte proliferation was IL-2 dependent as shown by the complete inhibition using anti-IL-2-R mAbs. Induction of IL-2-R transcripts was detected in thymocytes stimulated by the anti-CD2 antibody combination alone or the anti-CD2 combination plus anti-CD28 antibody. However, induction of IL-2 transcripts was observed only in thymocytes triggered jointly by the anti-CD2 combination plus anti-CD28 antibodies. The double-negative (CD4-8-) or CD1+ thymocytes isolated by sorting or by panning were unresponsive to CD2/CD28 triggering. The same mitogenic signal could induce vigorous proliferation of thymocytes with a mature phenotype, i.e., CD3+CD4+ or CD3+CD8+ thymocytes. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that the majority of CD3+ thymocytes were CD28+, and most of the CD28+ cells were located in the medullary compartment of thymus. These results indicated that the T cell lineage surface molecules CD28 and CD2 are involved in the regulation of expansion and further differentiation of mature thymocytes.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Interleukin-2', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Interleukin-2', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Thymus Gland', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 3,049,912
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.301.264.894', 'D23.101.100.894'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['A11.251'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.320'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An epidemiological case-control study of breast cancer and alcohol consumption.
|
A case-control study of breast cancer and alcohol consumption was conducted with 1617 patients diagnosed with a primary cancer of the breast between 1982 and 1984 in 18 New York State counties. For each case, one control, matched for year of birth and county of residence, was selected from the driver's license files of the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles. Breast cancer risk was shown to increase as daily consumption of alcohol increased, with a risk of 1.37 (95% Cl = 1.07, 1.75) observed among women who consumed 15 or more grams of alcohol per day. Breast cancer risk did not appear to be related to the total number of years a woman drank or to be restricted to specific types of alcoholic beverages. The data suggest that this may be higher in women who began drinking at a later age. The increased risk associated with alcohol consumption, observed in the current study, persisted within strata of various breast cancer risk factors.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'New York', 'Odds Ratio', 'Risk Factors']
| 2,262,245
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.437', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Staining of Plasmodium yoelii-infected mouse erythrocytes with the fluorescent dye rhodamine 123.
|
The cationic permeant fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 (R123) was used to stain Plasmodium yoelii-infected mouse erythrocytes. Fluorescence microscopic observations demonstrated that the parasite, but not the matrix of the infected erythrocyte, accumulated the dye. Differences in fluorescence intensity could not be found at the various developmental stages of the parasite; however, quantitation of the cell-associated dye revealed an increase in R123 uptake with parasite development. The retention of the parasite-associated dye, as measured by fluorescence microscopy and spectrophotometry after extraction of R123 with butanol, was markedly reduced by treatment of the infected erythrocytes with a proton ionophore, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), and an inhibitor of proton ATPase, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). These results indicate that the accumulation and retention of R123 in P. yoelii reflect the parasite membrane potential and suggest that the parasite plasma membrane has a membrane potential-generating proton pump.
|
['Animals', 'Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide', 'Erythrocytes', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Mitochondria', 'Plasmodium', 'Rhodamine 123', 'Rhodamines', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Xanthenes']
| 6,198,515
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.442.288.200', 'D02.626.260'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['D02.491.203.385'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['B01.043.075.380.611'], ['D03.633.300.953.600.500'], ['D03.633.300.953.600'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['D03.633.300.953']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
First-principles, structure-based transdermal transport model to evaluate lipid partition and diffusion coefficients of hydrophobic permeants solely from stratum corneum permeation experiments.
|
To account for the effect of branched, parallel transport pathways in the intercellular domain of the stratum corneum (SC) on the passive transdermal transport of hydrophobic permeants, we have developed, from first-principles, a new theoretical model-the Two-Tortuosity Model. This new model requires two tortuosity factors to account for: (1) the effective diffusion path length, and (2) the total volume of the branched, parallel transport pathways present in the SC intercellular domain, both of which may be evaluated from known values of the SC structure. After validating the Two-Tortuosity model with simulated SC diffusion experiments in FEMLAB (a finite element software package), the vehicle-bilayer partition coefficient, K(b), and the lipid bilayer diffusion coefficient, D(b), in untreated human SC were evaluated using this new model for two hydrophobic permeants, naphthol (K(b) = 225 +/- 42, D(b) = 1.7 x 10(-7) +/- 0.3 x 10(-7) cm(2)/s) and testosterone (K(b) = 92 +/- 29, D(b) = 1.9 x 10(-8) +/- 0.5 x 10(-8) cm(2)/s). The results presented in this paper demonstrate that this new method to evaluate K(b) and D(b) is comparable to, and simpler than, previous methods, in which SC permeation experiments were combined with octanol-water partition experiments, or with SC solute release experiments, to evaluate K(b) and D(b).
|
['Administration, Cutaneous', 'Computer Simulation', 'Diffusion', 'Diffusion Chambers, Culture', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'Humans', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Models, Biological', 'Molecular Structure', 'Naphthols', 'Permeability', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'Regression Analysis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Skin', 'Skin Absorption', 'Testosterone']
| 17,887,175
|
[['E02.319.267.120.060'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['E07.241'], ['E05.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.409'], ['E05.481'], ['D10.570'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.638', 'D04.615.638.638'], ['G02.723'], ['D26'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['A17.815'], ['G03.015.500.750', 'G03.787.024.500.750', 'G07.690.725.015.500.750', 'G13.750.778'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Critical Role of an MHC Class I-Like/Innate-Like T Cell Immune Surveillance System in Host Defense against Ranavirus (Frog Virus 3) Infection.
|
Besides the central role of classical Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class Ia-restricted conventional Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8) T cells in antiviral host immune response, the amphibian Xenopus laevis critically rely on MHC class I-like (mhc1b10.1.L or XNC10)-restricted innate-like (i)T cells (iVá6 T cells) to control infection by the ranavirus Frog virus 3 (FV3). To complement and extend our previous reverse genetic studies showing that iVá6 T cells are required for tadpole survival, as well as for timely and effective adult viral clearance, we examined the conditions and kinetics of iVá6 T cell response against FV3. Using a FV3 knock-out (KO) growth-defective mutant, we found that upregulation of the XNC10 restricting class I-like gene and the rapid recruitment of iVá6 T cells depend on detectable viral replication and productive FV3 infection. In addition, by in vivo depletion with XNC10 tetramers, we demonstrated the direct antiviral effector function of iVá6 T cells. Notably, the transitory iV?6 T cell defect delayed innate interferon and cytokine gene response, resulting in long-lasting negative inability to control FV3 infection. These findings suggest that in Xenopus and likely other amphibians, an immune surveillance system based on the early activation of iT cells by non-polymorphic MHC class-I like molecules is important for efficient antiviral immune response.
|
['Animals', 'Cytokines', 'DNA Virus Infections', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Immunologic Factors', 'Interferons', 'Ranavirus', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 30,959,883
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['C01.925.256'], ['G12.450.564'], ['D27.505.696.477'], ['D12.644.276.374.440', 'D12.776.467.374.440', 'D23.529.374.440'], ['B04.280.410.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fictive motor activity in rat after 14 days of hindlimb unloading.
|
The goal of the present study was to examine the effects of chronic hindlimb unloading on fictive motor patterns which can be developed in hindlimb nerves of adult rats. The animals were divided into two groups. The first group was submitted to hindlimb unloading for 2 weeks by tail suspension. The second group served as controls. After this initial phase, the animals of both groups were acutely decorticated, paralysed and electroneurographic efferent activity was recorded from hindlimb muscle nerves under conditions of "fictive locomotion" in order to evaluate variations in central locomotor command. Fictive rhythmic motor episodes were either spontaneous or evoked by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region. Only the second ones were recognised as locomotor-like activities. The motor pattern was not fundamentally affected by unloading except that, after the unloading period, extensor muscle nerves were significantly more frequently activated and their burst durations were increased compared to activity in control animals, despite the fact that the phasic sensory afferent inputs were suppressed. This suggests that unloading induces plastic modifications of the central networks of neurons implicated in the locomotor command. The origin of this extensor hyperactivity is discussed. It is proposed that it could be the consequence of either changes in motoneuronal properties or of an increase in afferent input to motoneurones.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Adaptation, Physiological', 'Afferent Pathways', 'Animals', 'Central Nervous System', 'Efferent Pathways', 'Gait', 'Hindlimb', 'Kinesthesis', 'Male', 'Motor Neurons', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Nerve Net', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Periodicity', 'Peripheral Nerves', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reaction Time', 'Tegmentum Mesencephali', 'Weight-Bearing']
| 11,482,841
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['A08.612.220'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186'], ['A08.612.380'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['A13.473'], ['F02.830.816.541.504', 'G11.561.790.541.587'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['A08.511'], ['G11.561.638'], ['G01.910.645', 'G07.180.562'], ['A08.800.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.875'], ['G01.374.965']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of porcine glycogen synthase kinase 3á (GSK-3á) gene and its association with carcass traits.
|
GSK-3 plays an important role on numerous cellular processes involved in the regulation of embryonic development, protein synthesis, glycogen metabolism, inflammatory, mitosis and apoptosis. In this study, we obtained the cDNA and promoter sequences of the porcine GSK-3á gene, analyzed its genomic organization and mapped it to SSC6q12 through comparative mapping method. Moreover, the qRT-PCR analysis revealed that porcine GSK-3á gene was widely expressed in many tissues, and a high expression level was observed in the brain and spleen. In addition, seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in the promoter region of porcine GSK-3á gene. Association analysis revealed that the GSK-3á Hin1I and MspI polymorphisms both had significant associations (p < 0.05) with loin muscle area, average backfat thickness, thorax-waist fat thickness, and buttock fat thickness. These results provide useful information for further investigation on the function of porcine GSK-3á gene.
|
['Abdominal Fat', 'Adiposity', 'Animals', 'Back', 'Buttocks', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Genotype', 'Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Organ Specificity', 'Phylogeny', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Quantitative Trait Loci', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Subcutaneous Fat', 'Sus scrofa']
| 23,358,925
|
[['A10.165.114.830.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.062.500', 'G02.111.130.134.500', 'G03.180.134.500', 'G07.100.049.134.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A01.923.176'], ['A01.378.610.100'], ['E05.393.183'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.330'], ['E05.393.385'], ['G05.380'], ['D05.500.117.875', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.429.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.625', 'D12.644.360.300.500', 'D12.776.476.081.875', 'D12.776.476.300.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['G07.650'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['A10.165.114.830.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Information processing and movement optimization during development: kinematics of cyclical pointing in 5- to 11-year-old children.
|
The authors studied the development of movement control in speed-accuracy tradeoff conditions in children aged 5-11 years and in adults performing cyclical pointings. Twelve difficulty levels (IDs), ranging from 2 to 6.58 bits, were defined (P. M. Fitts, 1954). Peak and time to peak velocity, acceleration, and deceleration, and acceleration profiles as a function of hand position (Hooke's portraits) were analyzed. Movement time decreased with age and was less affected by ID. Peak velocity and acceleration increased, acceleration and deceleration were decreasingly time consuming, and movement profiles turned to increased harmonicity with age and task easiness. Nevertheless, the developmental trends differed between parameters. Gain in velocity seemed chiefly dependent on improved muscular cooperation patterns before 7 years of age and on improved information processing from age 7 onward; achievement of an optimized strategy in the speed-accuracy tradeoff occurred at age 11 years.
|
['Acceleration', 'Age Factors', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Child', 'Child Development', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Hand', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motion Perception', 'Motor Skills', 'Movement', 'Periodicity', 'Practice, Psychological', 'Space Perception', 'Time Factors']
| 12,711,588
|
[['G01.482.107'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.932.567'], ['F02.808.260'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['G01.910.645', 'G07.180.562'], ['F02.463.425.674'], ['F02.463.593.778'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Follow-up of children with shunted hydrocephalus.
|
In order to determine if routine yearly evaluations of children with shunted hydrocephalus were likely to diagnose shunt malfunction, we reviewed the medical records of the last 100 children who had such routine evaluations. Only 4 children had symptoms that were potentially referable to malfunction; none were subsequently found to have malfunction and no child had signs of malfunction. We also reviewed the medical records of the last 100 children who had shunt revisions to determine if any of them were diagnosed during routine follow-up examinations. Four were: 2 with clinical signs of malfunction and 2 with evidence of malfunction on routine scans. Only 1 child in either group had signs or symptoms of malfunction if they had a functioning shunt in place for longer than 1 year. Although yearly follow-up visits are common practice, we conclude that such examinations are unlikely to detect shunt malfunction. Follow-up at intervals of 2 years is probably appropriate after 2 years of age if the child has had a functional shunt for 1 year and has had a scan that indicates a functioning shunt.
|
['Child', 'Equipment Failure', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hydrocephalus', 'Male', 'Reoperation', 'Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt']
| 9,577,975
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['E05.325'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.602'], ['E04.690'], ['E04.035.188.850', 'E04.525.170.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
How does ptosis affect satisfaction after immediate reconstruction plus contralateral mammaplasty?
|
Breast reconstruction can reduce psychologic distress without interfering with adjuvant treatment. The study was conducted to determine how ptosis affects satisfaction after immediate partial breast reconstruction with local flaps and symmetrization of the contralateral breast. Twenty patients, with estimated breast volume between 300 and 600 mL and tumor size until T2 by TNM classification, were included in a retrospective cohort study based on a prospective database. The breast was reconstructed using local flaps based on the perforating vessels of the intercostal and pectoralis major muscles. The donor site was located at the intersection of the lower quadrants of the breast. Contralateral mammaplasty using the vertical technique was used to maintain balanced breast volume and shape. A satisfaction score on a scale of 0 to 10 was used, and its correlation with the degree of breast ptosis (1-3) was evaluated. Despite good overall satisfaction scores, significant differences between the ptosis groups 1 (<1 cm) and 3 (>3 cm) were observed (P = 0.010). Breast reconstruction using local flaps plus contralateral mammaplasty performed at the time of surgical resection produced satisfaction scores considered good (8/10). This combined technique seems to be of greatest benefit when the degree of breast ptosis is marked.
|
['Adult', 'Brazil', 'Breast Implantation', 'Breast Implants', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Mammaplasty', 'Mastectomy', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 20,661,128
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E02.218.565.210', 'E04.650.210', 'E04.680.500.210'], ['E07.695.140'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.218.565', 'E04.680.500'], ['E04.466'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Influence of cartilage conformation on its equilibrium water partition.
|
The spatial and bulk water equilibrium partition and fluid content were determined for normal adult bovine articular cartilage as a function of pH, temperature, and geometric confinement. Water partition averaged 60 +/- 7% at neutral pH and 37 degrees C and increased with decreasing pH and increasing temperature without a concomitant change in fluid content. The variation in water partition appeared to be a result of local conformation changes in the collagen fibril ultrastructure causing a transfer between free and trapped water volume. Removal of the lateral and subchondral bone geometric constraints caused an increase in both the water partition and fluid content. However, this partition variation could be accounted for solely from a change in free fluid volume without a change in the trapped fluid volume. These results suggest that in articular cartilage the proteoglycan-collagen interaction may be an important mechanism for controlling the partition of water between a freely exchangeable space and a space allowing no fluid exchange.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Body Water', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Cattle', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Knee Joint', 'Temperature', 'Thermodynamics', 'Water-Electrolyte Balance']
| 4,067,706
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['A12.207.200'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G02.300'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.906'], ['G02.111.635.500', 'G03.615.500', 'G07.410.810.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Differential expression of plexin-A subfamily members in the mouse nervous system.
|
Plexins comprise a family of transmembrane proteins (the plexin family) which are expressed in nervous tissues. Some plexins have been shown to interact directly with secreted or transmembrane semaphorins, while plexins belonging to the A subfamily are suggested to make complexes with other membrane proteins, neuropilins, and propagate chemorepulsive signals of secreted semaphorins of class 3 into cells or neurons. Despite that much information has been gathered on the plexin-semaphorin interaction, the role of plexins in the nervous system is not well understood. To gain insight into the functions of plexins in the nervous system, we analyzed spatial and temporal expression patterns of three members of the plexin-A subfamily (plexin-A1, -A2, and -A3) in the developing mouse nervous system by in situ hybridization analysis in combination with immunohistochemistry. We show that the three plexins are differentially expressed in sensory receptors or neurons in a developmentally regulated manner, suggesting that a particular plexin or set of plexins is shared by neuronal elements and functions as the receptor for semaphorins to regulate neuronal development.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Auditory Pathways', 'Ear, Inner', 'Ganglia', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Hippocampus', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Neocortex', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Nervous System', 'Neuroglia', 'Neurons', 'Olfactory Pathways', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Retina']
| 11,241,833
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['A08.612.220.110'], ['A09.246.300'], ['A08.340'], ['G05.308.310'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.420'], ['D12.776.631'], ['A08'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A08.186.211.180.699', 'A08.612.220.640'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['A09.371.729']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Recurrent gestational trophoblastic disease following in-vitro fertilization.
|
Recurrence of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) following two attempts at in-vitro fertilization (IVF)/embryo transfer is reported in a childless couple after 17 years of unsuccessful trials of ovulation induction. The diagnosis of bilateral tubal obstruction was finally established, indicating IVF treatment. After the first IVF/embryo transfer treatment, the woman developed GTD and was treated with methotrexate. After a second IVF attempt, GTD was again diagnosed. This time there was no response to methotrexate, thus necessitating second-line chemotherapy. Etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, oncovine was used, and after only four treatment cycles the beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) dropped to < 5 mIU/ml. After 26 months of follow-up, the beta-HCG continues to be undetectable. Preimplantation evaluation and ovum donation are described as measures to minimize the risk for GTD recurrence in a future IVF/embryo transfer.
|
['Adult', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Dactinomycin', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Etoposide', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Methotrexate', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Pregnancy', 'Recurrence', 'Trophoblastic Neoplasms', 'Uterine Neoplasms', 'Vincristine']
| 7,532,652
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['D06.472.699.322.326.125', 'D06.472.699.649.367.125', 'D12.644.548.726.367.125', 'D12.776.780.400.125', 'D23.101.140.325', 'D23.101.175'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['D03.633.300.200', 'D04.345.566.252', 'D12.644.641.252'], ['E02.875.800.500', 'E05.820.800.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['C04.557.465.955', 'C04.850.908', 'C13.703.720.949'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Interleukin-6 and Type-I Collagen Production by Systemic Sclerosis Fibroblasts Are Differentially Regulated by Interleukin-17A in the Presence of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1.
|
Functional cytokine networks have been poorly characterized in systemic sclerosis (SSc). While interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is increased in SSc skin and other organs, its role is still debated, particularly considering fibrogenesis. We uncover here a dual function of IL-17A in the presence of transforming growth factor-â 1 (TGF-â), the master pro-fibrotic cytokine. In the one hand, we report an unexpected synergic activity resulting in enhanced production of IL-6 by dermal fibroblasts; in the other hand, a substantial inhibition of type I collagen (col-I) production. IL-17A or TGF-â enhanced the production of IL-6 by 8- to 16-folds when compared to control in healthy donors (HD) and SSc cultures. However, the joint presence of IL-17A and TGF-â resulted in robustly exuberant responses with levels of IL-6 up to 100-folds higher than those observed in untreated cells. Inhibition of NFêB signaling pathway preferentially inhibited the production of IL-6 driven by IL-17A in HD fibroblasts, while inhibition of PI3K preferentially inhibited the production of IL-6 driven by TGF-â. Interestingly, when p38 MAPK was inhibited, substantial reduction of IL-6 production was observed for both IL-17A and TGF-â. Consistently with the inhibition experiments, the combined stimulation of fibroblasts by IL-17A and TGF-â resulted in 1.8-fold increase in p38 MAPK phosphorylation (P = 0.025), when compared to levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK induced by IL-17A alone. Furthermore, the enhanced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in the joint presence of IL-17A and TGF-â was unique among the signaling molecules we examined. As expected, TGF-â induced SMAD2 phosphorylation and col-I production. However, in fibroblasts cultured in the joint presence of TGF-â and IL-17A, SMAD2 phosphorylation was decreased by 0.6-folds (P = 0.022) when compared to that induced by TGF-â alone. Remarkably, in this condition, the production of col-I and fibronectin was significantly decreased in both HD and SSc. Thus, IL-17A and TGF-â reciprocally influence each other effector functions in fibroblasts. Intracellular molecular switches may favor synergic or antagonistic activities, which are revealed by specific readouts. The implications of these data in the context of SSc are far reaching, particularly in terms of therapeutic approaches since IL-6, IL-17A, and TGF-â are all putative targets of treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Collagen Type I', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Fibrosis', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-17', 'Interleukin-6', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'NF-kappa B', 'Scleroderma, Systemic', 'Skin', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1']
| 30,150,989
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A11.251'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.100', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.100'], ['A11.329.228'], ['C23.550.355'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.517', 'D12.776.467.374.465.517', 'D23.529.374.465.517'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['C17.300.799', 'C17.800.784'], ['A17.815'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of different staging methods for COPD in predicting outcomes.
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is commonly staged according to the percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 % pred), but other methods have been proposed. In this study we compared the performance of seven staging methods in predicting outcomes.We retrospectively studied 296 COPD outpatients. For each patient the disease severity was staged by separately applying the following methods: the criteria proposed by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), quartiles of FEV1 % pred and z-score of FEV1, quartiles and specified cut-off points of the ratio of FEV1 over height squared ((FEV1·Ht-2)A and (FEV1·Ht-2)B, respectively), and quartiles of the ratio of FEV1 over height cubed (FEV1·Ht-3) and of FEV1 quotient (FEV1Q). We evaluated the performance of these methods in predicting the risks of severe acute exacerbation and all-cause mortality.Overall, staging based on the reference-independent FEV1Q performed best in predicting the risks of severe acute exacerbation (including frequent exacerbation) and mortality, followed by (FEV1·Ht-2)B The performance of staging methods could also be influenced by the choice of cut-off values. Future work using large and ethnically diverse populations to refine and validate the cut-off values would enhance the prediction of outcomes.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Pulmonary Medicine', 'Regression Analysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spirometry', 'Taiwan', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,439,022
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.230', 'G09.772.650.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['C08.381.495.389'], ['H02.403.429.675'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.386.700.750'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Differences in the protein kinase C activity in CHO-K1 cells and in clone cells of this line resistant to ethidium bromide].
|
Protein kinase C (PK C) activity in cells of two ethidium bromide (EB) resistant clones with different proliferating rates, derived from CHO-K1 cell line, was assayed. After selection in the presence of 1 mkg/ml EB cells of isolated clones acquired cross-resistance also to some unrelated drugs of different structure. It is shown that resistant cells after the first step of selection elevated PK C activity level in membrane fractions. Subsequent increase in resistance (from 1 to 10 mkg/ml EB) led to a further elevated enzyme activity both in cytosolic and membrane fractions in cells of both variants. The effect of EB presence in cultural media on the enzyme activity was tested. EB at a subtoxic concentration was shown to cause an increased PK C activity both in cytosolic and membrane fractions from resistant cells sublines.
|
['Animals', 'CHO Cells', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line, Transformed', 'Clone Cells', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Resistance', 'Ethidium', 'Female', 'Protein Kinase C']
| 8,266,573
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210.172'], ['A11.251.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['D03.633.300.633.416'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anti-angiogenic effect of the seed extract of Benincasa hispida Cogniaux.
|
Benincasa hispida in Korea was used mainly diabetes and diuresis diseases. This study was carried out to evaluate anti-angiogenic effect of the seed extract of Benincasa hispida Cogniaux. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent angiogenic factor found in various tumors. In this study, we found that the seed extract of Benincasa hispida Cogniaux decreased bFGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, Benincasa hispida seed extract showed no cytotoxicity on HUVECs and normal fibroblast cells. Furthermore, the seed extract of Benincasa hispida showed a potent inhibitory effect on bFGF-induced angiogenesis in vivo. These results suggest that the seed extract of Benincasa hispida inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells induced by bFGF, which may explain its anti-angiogenic properties.
|
['Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cucurbitaceae', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Plant Extracts', 'Seeds']
| 15,740,888
|
[['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.300'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Harnessing longitudinal information to identify genetic variation in tolerance of pigs to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus infection.
|
BACKGROUND: High resistance (the ability of the host to reduce pathogen load) and tolerance (the ability to maintain high performance at a given pathogen load) are two desirable host traits for producing animals that are resilient to infections. For Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), one of the most devastating swine diseases worldwide, studies have identified substantial genetic variation in resistance of pigs, but evidence for genetic variation in tolerance has so far been inconclusive. Resistance and tolerance are usually considered as static traits. In this study, we used longitudinal viremia measurements of PRRS virus infected pigs to define discrete stages of infection based on viremia profile characteristics. These were used to investigate host genetic effects on viral load (VL) and growth at different stages of infection, to quantify genetic variation in tolerance at these stages and throughout the entire 42-day observation period, and to assess whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) WUR10000125 (WUR) with known large effects on resistance confers significant differences in tolerance.RESULTS: Genetic correlations between resistance and growth changed considerably over time. Individuals that expressed high genetic resistance early in infection tended to grow slower during that time-period, but were more likely to experience lower VL and recovery in growth by the later stage. The WUR genotype was most strongly associated with VL at early- to mid-stages of infection, and with growth at mid- to late-stages of infection. Both, single-stage and repeated measurements random regression models identified significant genetic variation in tolerance. The WUR SNP was significantly associated only with the overall tolerance slope fitted through all stages of infection, with the genetically more resistant AB pigs for the WUR SNP being also more tolerant to PRRS.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that genetic selection for improved tolerance of pigs to PRRS is possible in principle, but may be feasible only with genomic selection, requiring intense recording schemes that involve repeated measurements to reliably estimate genetic effects. In the absence of such records, consideration of the WUR genotype in current selection schemes appears to be a promising strategy to improve simultaneously resistance and tolerance of growing pigs to PRRS.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Resistance', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome', 'Swine']
| 30,355,341
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.550.291.671', 'G12.450.564.250', 'G12.450.800.250', 'G15.630.250'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['C01.925.782.600.100.700', 'C22.905.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Optimal allocation of HIV resources among geographical regions.
|
BACKGROUND: Health resources are limited, which means spending should be focused on the people, places and programs that matter most. Choosing the mix of programs to maximize a health outcome is termed allocative efficiency. Here, we extend the methodology of allocative efficiency to answer the question of how resources should be distributed among different geographic regions.METHODS: We describe a novel geographical optimization algorithm, which has been implemented as an extension to the Optima HIV model. This algorithm identifies an optimal funding of services and programs across regions, such as multiple countries or multiple districts within a country. The algorithm consists of three steps: (1) calibrating the model to each region, (2) determining the optimal allocation for each region across a range of different budget levels, and (3) finding the budget level in each region that minimizes the outcome (such as reducing new HIV infections and/or HIV-related deaths), subject to the constraint of fixed total budget across all regions. As a case study, we applied this method to determine an illustrative allocation of HIV program funding across three representative oblasts (regions) in Ukraine (Mykolayiv, Poltava, and Zhytomyr) to minimize the number of new HIV infections.RESULTS: Geographical optimization was found to identify solutions with better outcomes than would be possible by considering region-specific allocations alone. In the case of Ukraine, prior to optimization (i.e. with status quo spending), a total of 244,000 HIV-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were estimated to occur from 2016 to 2030 across the three oblasts. With optimization within (but not between) oblasts, this was estimated to be reduced to 181,000. With geographical optimization (i.e., allowing reallocation of funds between oblasts), this was estimated to be further reduced to 173,000.CONCLUSIONS: With the increasing availability of region- and even facility-level data, geographical optimization is likely to play an increasingly important role in health economic decision making. Although the largest gains are typically due to reallocating resources to the most effective interventions, especially treatment, further gains can be achieved by optimally reallocating resources between regions. Finally, the methods described here are not restricted to geographical optimization, and can be applied to other problems where competing resources need to be allocated with constraints, such as between diseases.
|
['Algorithms', 'Decision Making', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Financing, Organized', 'HIV Infections', 'Health Care Costs', 'Health Resources', 'Humans', 'Quality-Adjusted Life Years', 'Resource Allocation', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Ukraine']
| 31,718,603
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['N03.219.521'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['N03.349.340', 'N05.300.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.100.500.700', 'N01.224.935.530.700'], ['I01.261.750'], ['E05.318.740.933', 'N05.715.360.750.746', 'N06.850.520.830.933'], ['Z01.542.248.960', 'Z01.542.931.960', 'Z01.586.950.960']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Pharmacokinetic modeling and [?²³]5-IA-85380 single photon emission computed tomography imaging in baboons: optimization of dosing regimen for ABT-089.
|
Neuronal acetylcholine nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) are targets for the development of novel treatments of brain diseases. However, adverse effects (for example, emesis or nausea) associated with high drug maximal exposures or C(max) at nAChRs often hinder the advancement of experimental compounds in clinical trials. Therefore, it is essential to explore the feasibility of maintaining exposures below a predetermined C(max) while sustaining targeted CNS effects. By use of a [?²³I]5-IA [5-[?²³I]iodo-3-[2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine] displacement SPECT imaging paradigm in nonhuman primates, we compared brain nAChR binding activity elicited by either a bolus injection or by slow infusion of an identical dose of a novel neuronal nicotinic agonist, ABT-089 [2-methyl-3-(2-(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine dihydrochloride], where the slow infusion scheme was derived from a two-compartment pharmacokinetic modeling designed to limit the C(max). We determined [?²³I]5-IA displacement using doses of ABT-089 (0.04, 0.4, and 1.0 mg/kg i.v.) that encompassed efficacious drug exposures in nonhuman primates and examined the relationship between ABT-089 displacement ratios and plasma exposures. Our results indicated that calculated displacement ratios were quite similar between the two different dosing regimens despite substantial differences in C(max). In addition, displacement ratios correlated well with drug exposures calculated as the area-under-curve (AUC) of plasma concentration and varied in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that displacement ratios are driven by the AUC of drug plasma exposure but not C(max). Our data demonstrate the feasibility of predicting plasma exposures using a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model and its potential for optimizing dosing regimens.
|
['Animals', 'Azetidines', 'Brain', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Models, Biological', 'Papio', 'Papio anubis', 'Pyridines', 'Pyrrolidines', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon']
| 21,172,907
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.383.082.301'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.610'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.610.050'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D03.383.773'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mitochondrial AKAP121 binds and targets protein tyrosine phosphatase D1, a novel positive regulator of src signaling.
|
A-kinase anchor protein 121 (AKAP121) and its spliced isoform AKAP84 anchor protein kinase A (PKA) to the outer membrane of mitochondria, focusing and enhancing cyclic AMP signal transduction to the organelle. We find that AKAP121/84 also binds PTPD1, a src-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase. A signaling complex containing AKAP121, PKA, PTPD1, and src is assembled in vivo. PTPD1 activates src tyrosine kinase and increases the magnitude and duration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling. EGF receptor phosphorylation and downstream activation of ERK 1/2 and Elk1-dependent gene transcription are enhanced by PTPD1. Expression of a PTPD1 mutant lacking catalytic activity inhibits src and downregulates ERK 1/2 but does not affect the activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 and p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase. AKAP121 binds to and redistributes PTPD1 from the cytoplasm to mitochondria and inhibits EGF signaling. Our findings indicate that PTPD1 is a novel positive regulator of src signaling and a key component of the EGF transduction pathway. By binding and/or targeting the phosphatase on mitochondria, AKAP121 modulates the amplitude and persistence of src-dependent EGF transduction pathway. This represents the first example of physical and functional interaction between AKAPs and a protein tyrosine phosphatase.
|
['A Kinase Anchor Proteins', 'Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Humans', 'Mitochondria', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor', 'Signal Transduction', 'src-Family Kinases']
| 15,143,158
|
[['D12.644.360.024.065', 'D12.776.157.057.003', 'D12.776.476.024.069'], ['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.776.800'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.300', 'D12.644.360.585', 'D12.776.476.564'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Improved survival of vitrified porcine embryos after partial delipation through chemically stimulated lipolysis and inhibition of apoptosis.
|
Mechanical removal of intracellular lipids has been the most effective approach to increase the cryosurvival of porcine embryos. In this experiment, we tested the hypotheses that the cryosurvival of porcine embryos can be improved after partial delipation through chemically stimulated lipolysis and that the survival can be further improved by inhibition of apoptosis. Porcine embryos were produced in vitro using sow oocytes. On Day 5 of embryonic development, embryos were cultured in the presence of 10 microM forskolin for 24h. On Day 6 blastocysts were vitrified using an open pulled straw (OPS) method and warmed blastocysts were cultured 18 h for them to recover. A caspase inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (Z-VAD-FMK) was used at 20 microM during vitrification and subsequent culture to inhibit apoptosis. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design experiment was conducted to examine the effect of chemical delipation, vitrification and apoptosis inhibition. We also measured the lipolytic activity of porcine embryos cultured with or without forskolin. Chemical delipation increased the cryosurvival of porcine embryos compared to the controls (71.2+/-2.8% versus 37.1+/-5.1%). Apoptosis inhibition increased the ability of blastocysts to fully recover (23.8+/-3.1% versus 14.6+/-4.3%). However, there was no interaction between chemical delipation and apoptosis inhibition. Lipolytic agent treatment increased the lipolytic activity of porcine blastocysts. In conclusion, cryosurvival of porcine embryos was improved by partial delipation through chemical stimulation of lipolysis or apoptosis inhibition.
|
['Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Blastocyst', 'Cell Survival', 'Colforsin', 'Cryopreservation', 'Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors', 'Embryo Culture Techniques', 'Lipolysis', 'Swine']
| 16,870,242
|
[['D12.125.065'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A16.254.500'], ['G04.346'], ['D02.455.849.291.300'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160', 'E02.792.156', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160', 'E05.760.156'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.325'], ['E05.481.500.468'], ['G02.111.534', 'G03.458.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Outcome of open Tenckhoff catheter insertions: 5 years experience in a major tertiary centre in central Saudi Arabia.
|
BACKGROUND: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has become a popular and established form of renal replacement therapy in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of this study was to analyse the outcome of open Tenckhoff catheter insertions in patients with ESRD in term of catheter related complications.METHODS: From December 2006 to November 2011, 337 Tenckhoff catheters were placed in 305 patients with ESRD for CAPD, by general surgeons in King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Medical record of all these patients was reviewed retrospectively regarding the demography, causes of ESRD, catheter related complications, and their management.RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 51.2 +/- 14.5 (range, 16-87 years). Majority of the patients were female 164 (53.7%). Forty three patients (14.1%) had previous abdominal surgery. Diabetic nephropathy was the commonest (51.4%) primary cause of ESRD. Ninety three insertions (27.5%) were associated with complications. Post insertion peritonitis was the commonest complication (9.2%) in our series, followed by mechanical dysfunction (8.6%). Fifty two catheters (15.4%) were removed because of different complications. Follow up ranged between 4-47 months with a mean of 21.4 +/- 11.2 months.CONCLUSIONS: Open surgical approach is simple, safe, and effective method of Tenckhoff catheter insertion with an acceptable complication rate, provided patients are adequately optimized and prepared for surgery.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Catheter-Related Infections', 'Catheterization', 'Catheters, Indwelling', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Saudi Arabia', 'Young Adult']
| 25,226,729
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C01.195'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['E07.132.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.106.500', 'E02.870.300.650.500', 'E02.912.800.650.500', 'N02.421.585.106.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.252.245.500.750'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of glycerol on human adipose tissue triglyceride lipase activity.
|
Glycerol fully protects the human adipose tissue triglyceride lipase against the denaturing effects of high and low temperatures. Under such protection, storage of crude preparations at -10 degrees C or incubation at 50 degrees C resulted in a 1.5-3-fold increase of the measured lipase activity. This increase was shown to be related to enzyme newly released from tissular microparticles present in the samples. Advantage may be taken of these observations to improve greatly the conditions of extraction and storage of this lipase activity.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Carbon Isotopes', 'Chromatography', 'Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Cold Temperature', 'Drug Stability', 'Glycerol', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Lipase', 'Methods', 'Protein Denaturation', 'Time Factors', 'Triglycerides', 'Triolein', 'Tritium']
| 4,729,976
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['E05.196.181'], ['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['E05.916.330'], ['D02.033.800.875.500', 'D09.853.875.500'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.400'], ['E05.581'], ['G01.154.651.750.500', 'G02.111.688.750.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D10.351.801'], ['D10.212.507.850', 'D10.351.801.801'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Claudin-based permeability barriers in taste buds.
|
Tight junctions operate as semipermeable barriers in epithelial tissue, separating the apical from the basolateral sides of the cells. Membrane proteins of the claudin family represent the major tight junction constituents, and some reinforce permeability barriers, whereas others create pores based on solute size and ion selectivity. To outline paracellular permeability pathways in gustatory tissue, all claudins expressed in mouse taste buds and in human fungiform papillae have been characterized. Twelve claudins are expressed in murine taste-papillae-enriched tissue, and five of those are expressed in human fungiform papillae. A subset of the claudins expressed in mouse papillae is uniquely found in taste buds. By immunohistochemistry, claudin 4 has been found in mouse taste epithelium, with high abundance around the taste pore. Claudin 6 is explicitly detected inside the pore, claudin 7 was found at the basolateral side of taste cells, and claudin 8 was found around the pore. With the ion permeability features of the different claudins, a highly specific permeability pattern for paracellular diffusion is apparent, which indicates a peripheral mechanism for taste coding.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Claudin-4', 'Claudins', 'Diffusion', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Taste', 'Taste Buds', 'Tight Junctions']
| 17,447,253
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.085'], ['A11.284.149'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['D12.776.543.940.200.400'], ['D12.776.543.940.200'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724'], ['A03.556.500.885.779', 'A08.675.650.915.500.800', 'A08.800.950.500.800', 'A09.846', 'A11.671.650.915.500.800', 'A14.549.885.779'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.820']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transfer of paralytic shellfish toxins via marine food chains: a simulated experiment.
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the transfer of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) using four simulated marine food chains: dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense --> Artemia Artemia salina --> Mysid shrimp Neomysis awatschensis; A. tamarense --> N. awatschensis; A. tamarense --> A. salina --> Perch Lateolabrax japonicus; and A. tamarense --> L. japonicus.METHODS: The ingestion of A. tamarense, a producer of PST, by L. japonicus, N. awatschensis, and A. salina was first confirmed by microscopic observation of A. tamarense cells in the intestine samples of the three different organisms, and by the analysis of Chl.a levels in the samples. Toxin accumulation in L. japonicus and N. awatschensis directly from the feeding on A. tamarense or indirectly through the vector of A. salina was then studied. The toxicity of samples was measured using the AOAC mouse bioassay method, and the toxin content and profile of A. tamarense were analyzed by the HPLC method.RESULTS: Both A. salina and N. awatschensis could ingest A. tamarense cells. However, the ingestion capability of A. salina exceeded that of N. awatschensis. After the exposure to the culture of A. tamarense (2000 cells x mL(-1)) for 70 minutes, the content of Chl.a in A. salina and N. awatschensis reached 0.87 and 0.024 microg x mg(-1), respectively. Besides, A. tamarense cells existed in the intestines of L. japonicus, N. awatschensis and A. salina by microscopic observation. Therefore, the three organisms could ingest A. tamarense cells directly. A. salina could accumulate high content of PST, and the toxicity of A. salina in samples collected on days 1, 4, and 5 of the experiment was 2.18, 2.6, and 2.1 MU x g(-1), respectively. All extracts from the samples could lead to death of tested mice within 7 minutes, and the toxin content in artemia sample collected on the 1st day was estimated to be 1.65 x 10(-5) microg STX equal/individual. Toxin accumulation in L. japonicus and N. awatschensis directly from the feeding on A. tamarense or indirectly from the vector of A. salina was also studied. The mice injected with extracts from L. japonicus and N. awatschensis samples that accumulated PST either directly or indirectly showed PST intoxication symptoms, indicating that low levels of PST existed in these samples.CONCLUSION: Paralytic shellfish toxins can be transferred to L. japonicus, N. awatschensis, and A. salina from A. tamarense directly or indirectly via the food chains.
|
['Animals', 'Artemia', 'Cell Count', 'Chlorophyll', 'Chlorophyll A', 'Eukaryota', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Fishes', 'Food Chain', 'Hydrolysis', 'Marine Toxins', 'Mice', 'Models, Biological', 'Mollusca', 'Paralysis']
| 17,672,215
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.060.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374.140', 'D03.633.400.909.374.140', 'D04.345.783.374.140'], ['B01'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['G16.500.275.157.250', 'N06.230.124.250'], ['G02.380'], ['D23.946.580'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B01.050.500.644'], ['C10.597.622', 'C23.888.592.636']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Development of a new version of the Liverpool Malaria Model. II. Calibration and validation for West Africa.
|
BACKGROUND: In the first part of this study, an extensive literature survey led to the construction of a new version of the Liverpool Malaria Model (LMM). A new set of parameter settings was provided and a new development of the mathematical formulation of important processes related to the vector population was performed within the LMM. In this part of the study, so far undetermined model parameters are calibrated through the use of data from field studies. The latter are also used to validate the new LMM version, which is furthermore compared against the original LMM version.METHODS: For the calibration and validation of the LMM, numerous entomological and parasitological field observations were gathered for West Africa. Continuous and quality-controlled temperature and precipitation time series were constructed using intermittent raw data from 34 weather stations across West Africa. The meteorological time series served as the LMM data input. The skill of LMM simulations was tested for 830 different sets of parameter settings of the undetermined LMM parameters. The model version with the highest skill score in terms of entomological malaria variables was taken as the final setting of the new LMM version.RESULTS: Validation of the new LMM version in West Africa revealed that the simulations compare well with entomological field observations. The new version reproduces realistic transmission rates and simulated malaria seasons are comparable to field observations. Overall the new model version performs much better than the original model. The new model version enables the detection of the epidemic malaria potential at fringes of endemic areas and, more importantly, it is now applicable to the vast area of malaria endemicity in the humid African tropics.CONCLUSIONS: A review of entomological and parasitological data from West Africa enabled the construction of a new LMM version. This model version represents a significant step forward in the modelling of a weather-driven malaria transmission cycle. The LMM is now more suitable for the use in malaria early warning systems as well as for malaria projections based on climate change scenarios, both in epidemic and endemic malaria areas.
|
['Africa, Western', 'Animals', 'Climate', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insect Vectors', 'Malaria', 'Models, Theoretical']
| 21,410,939
|
[['Z01.058.290.190'], ['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.071', 'N06.230.300.100.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.500', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.500'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['E05.599']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Enzyme transfer of phosphate from adenosine triphosphate to protein-bound serine residues in cerebral microsomes.
|
1. Microsomes from guinea-pig brain grey matter were incubated with [(32)P]ATP at 3mm concentration and the phosphate bound to the acid-washed, lipid-free residue was determined. 2. The binding process was Mg(2+)-dependent and resulted in the transfer of about 1-2 mmumoles of phosphate/mg. of protein/min. Under the conditions used univalent cations (Na(+),K(+) and Li(+)) inhibited the binding. 3. An unspecified proportion of this bound phosphate could be recovered in protein-derived phosphorylserine. The yield of labelled phosphorylserine was also decreased by univalent cations. 4. The bound phosphate formed with 3mm-MgATP was stable; addition of Na(+) or K(+) ions to the already labelled preparation had no effect on the bound phosphate level. 5. Bound phosphate was also formed when a solubilized fraction of the microsomes was incubated with ATP; univalent cations also inhibited this process. 6. p-Chloromercuribenzoate reduced the binding by about 25%; the inhibition was restored by cysteine.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Chloromercuribenzoates', 'Guinea Pigs', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Microsomes', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Phosphates', 'Phosphorus Isotopes', 'Protein Binding', 'Serine']
| 4,226,015
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D02.241.223.100.200.311', 'D02.241.223.100.500.261', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.250.311', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.500.261', 'D02.691.750.740.644.261'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.481'], ['A11.284.835.540'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D01.268.666.500', 'D01.496.669'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.125.154.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Testing for mechanistic interactions in long-term follow-up studies.
|
In follow-up studies, interactions are often assessed by including a cross-product term in a (multiplicative) Cox model. However, epidemiologists/clinicians often misinterpret a significant multiplicative interaction as a genuine mechanistic interaction. Though indices specific to mechanistic interactions have been proposed, including the 'relative excess risk due to interaction' (RERI) and the 'peril ratio index of synergy based on multiplicativity' (PRISM), these indices assume no loss to follow up and no competing death in a study. In this paper, the authors propose a novel 'mechanistic interaction test' (MIT) for censored data. Monte-Carlo simulation shows that when the hazard curves are proportional to, non-proportional to, or even crossing over one another, the proposed MIT can maintain reasonably accurate type I error rates for censored data. It has far greater powers than the modified RERI and PRISM tests (modified for censored data scenarios). To test mechanistic interactions in censored data, we recommend using MIT in light of its desirable statistical properties.
|
['Algorithms', 'Models, Theoretical']
| 25,811,982
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.599']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Amygdala afferents monosynaptically innervate corticospinal neurons in rat medial prefrontal cortex.
|
The amygdala provides the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC; areas 25, 32, and 24b) with salient emotional information. This study investigated the synaptic connectivity of identified amygdalocortical boutons (ACBs; labeled anterogradely following injections of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin into the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala), with the dendritic processes of identified layer 5 corticospinal neurons in the rat mPFC. The corticospinal (CS) neurons in the mPFC had been retrogradely labeled with rhodamine fluorescent latex microspheres and subsequently intracellularly filled with biotinylated lucifer yellow to visualize their basal and apical dendrites. Two main classes of mPFC CS neurons were identified. Type 1 cells had apical dendrites bearing numerous dendritic spines with radiate basal dendritic arbors. Type 2 cells possessed apical dendrites with greatly reduced spine densities and a broad range of basal dendritic tree morphologies. Identified ACBs made asymmetric synaptic junctions with labeled dendritic spines and the labeled apical and basal dendritic shafts of identified CS neurons. On average, eight ACBs were closely associated with the labeled basal dendritic arbors of type 1 CS neurons and five ACBs with type 2 CS basal dendrites. The mean Scholl distance of ACBs from CS somata (for both types 1 and 2 cells) was 66 ìm-coinciding with a region containing the highest length density of CS neuron basal dendrites. These results indicate that neurons in the BLA can monosynaptically influence CS neurons in the mPFC that project to autonomic regions of the thoracic spinal cord and probably to other additional subcortical target regions, such as the lateral hypothalamus.
|
['Afferent Pathways', 'Amygdala', 'Animals', 'Male', 'Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Presynaptic Terminals', 'Pyramidal Tracts', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Synapses']
| 22,247,040
|
[['A08.612.220'], ['A08.186.211.180.090', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.570', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.570', 'E05.200.500.620.670.570', 'E05.200.750.600.670.570'], ['A08.675.650', 'A11.671.650'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.700'], ['A08.675.542.145.750', 'A08.850.700', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.700', 'A11.671.137.750', 'A11.671.501.145.750'], ['A08.186.854.300', 'A08.612.380.730'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Birth order, family environment, and young adults' occupational aspirations.
|
Relationships were examined among birth order, family environments, and occupational aspirations for 320 21-yr.-old Australians. The results indicated that relations between birth order and aspirations were mediated by associations between the young adults' perceptions of their parents' involvement in learning and the measures of aspiration.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aspirations, Psychological', 'Australia', 'Birth Order', 'Career Choice', 'Family', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Personality Development', 'Social Environment']
| 8,559,892
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.658.100', 'F02.784.629.155'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['F01.829.263.132', 'I01.240.361.160', 'N01.224.361.160', 'N06.850.505.400.400.160'], ['F02.463.785.373.346.400'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.747'], ['I01.880.853.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cloning and sequencing of a phospholipase C gene of Clostridium perfringens.
|
The gene encoding phospholipase C (alpha-toxin) of Clostridium perfringens was cloned into lambda gt10. The maximal size of the coding region was 1.4 kb and the minimum was 1.1 kb as determined by subcloning into the vector pBR322 and testing for activity. The nucleotide sequence of this region contained a single open reading frame of 1194 bp corresponding to a protein of Mr 45473 with a possible N-terminal signal sequence of 28 amino acids which when removed, would give a mature protein of Mr 42521. This is in good agreement with the reported size of 43 kDa. The coding region has a dG + dC content of 33.7%, and the codon usage displays a pronounced preference for codons with the lowest dG + dC content.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacteriophage lambda', 'Base Composition', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Clostridium perfringens', 'Codon', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Escherichia coli', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plasmids', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Tetracycline Resistance', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Type C Phospholipases']
| 2,540,749
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B04.123.150.800.230', 'B04.123.205.230', 'B04.280.090.800.230'], ['G02.111.080'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['B03.300.390.400.200.575', 'B03.353.625.375.500.575', 'B03.510.415.400.200.575'], ['D13.444.735.544.355', 'G05.360.335.355', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['G06.099.225.937', 'G06.225.347.937', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.937'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Performance analysis and early validation of a bi-modal ultrasound transducer.
|
In this paper we report on results from experiments performed on a bi-modal piezoelectric transducer used both as an active ultrasound transceiver and a passive acoustic sensor. The transducer, which has a low Q factor in order to exhibit a sufficiently broad bandwidth, will be integrated into a wearable system. In particular, it is placed, along with ECG fabric electrodes, within a textile belt wrapped around the chest. The transducer behaves as an acoustic sensor at low frequency and as an ultrasound transducer at high frequency. The low-frequency acoustic signals were compared with the analogue signals acquired simultaneously by commercial biomedical sensors. These signals provide information about the respiratory activity and heart apex pulse. A comparative analysis was performed both in the time and frequency domain and results were discussed. Moreover, the same transducer used at high frequencies is able to generate ultrasound signals which can bounce off the target organ, the heart, and receive the back-propagated echoes. The experimental validation was done by means of a comparison between the spatial interval inferred from time delay of the return echoes detected by the transducer and the actual distance from the target. This information, in addition to ECG signals, can provide helpful cues for the cardiac status of the subject, both in terms of prevention and diagnosis.
|
['Acoustics', 'Blood Pressure Determination', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Humans', 'Monitoring, Ambulatory', 'Pilot Projects', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Respiratory Mechanics', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Transducers', 'Ultrasonography']
| 17,945,676
|
[['H01.671.031'], ['E01.370.370.140', 'E01.370.600.100'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.520.500'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['G09.772.705.700'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E07.305.812'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Preference for flavored wheat straw by lambs conditioned with intraruminal administrations of sodium propionate.
|
We hypothesized that volatile fatty acids are feedback signals that condition food preferences in ruminants, and we tested two predictions based on this hypothesis: 1) low doses of propionate condition preferences for low-quality foods (Exp. 1 and 2) preferences are not caused by osmotic load (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, lambs were offered chopped wheat straw flavored with either oregano or onion on odd days, whereas on even days flavors were switched and lambs received capsules containing sodium propionate. During four 8-d conditioning periods, the amounts of propionate delivered ranged from .7 to 1.4% of the daily DE intake (Period 1) or were fixed at .7% (Period 2) and 1% of the daily DE intake (Periods 3 and 4). After each 8-d conditioning period, lambs were offered oregano- and onion-flavored straw. Conditioning was then suspended and lambs were offered onion- and oregano-flavored straw at weekly intervals for 1 mo (extinction). Lambs preferred the flavor paired with propionate during conditioning (P < .001) and extinction (P < .07). During Exp. 2, a different group of lambs was conditioned as in Exp. 1, but sodium chloride was delivered at osmotic loads equivalent to those when propionate supplied .7% and 1% of the daily DE intake. Lambs strongly avoided the flavor paired with sodium chloride (P < .001). Thus, lambs acquired preferences for straw conditioned with doses of propionate typically considered ineffective in the regulation of food intake, and osmolalities generated by propionate did not cause, but probably attenuated, food preferences.
|
['Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Eating', 'Food Preferences', 'Food Technology', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Male', 'Osmotic Pressure', 'Propionates', 'Rumen', 'Sheep', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Taste', 'Triticum']
| 8,904,704
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['F01.145.407.516', 'G07.203.650.353.516'], ['J01.576.423.850'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.715.578', 'G02.640.249', 'G02.723.661'], ['D02.241.081.751', 'D10.251.400.706'], ['A13.869.804'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Lower limb amputations and rehabilitation].
|
BACKGROUND We wished to study the therapy for lower limb amputees at S?rlandet Hospital Kristiansand after restructuring of activities in 2004.MATERIAL AND METHOD All lower limb amputees hospitalised in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation between March 2012 and July 2015 were followed up prospectively.RESULTS A total of 50 patients with 54 amputations were followed up for at least three months. Altogether 31 transtibial amputations, 22 transfemoral amputations and one knee disarticulation were performed. The median age of the patients was 66 years, 36 of whom were men, median Charlson comorbidity index was 1.5, 14 smoked, 8 were substance abusers, 9 were able to walk at least 2 km preoperatively, 44 of the amputations were performed with myodesis, and 41 patients were transferred directly to the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. At the three-month check-up, 48 patients used their custom-made prostheses, average walk-test time was 21 seconds, and 45 lived in their own home. At the one-year check-up, 32 of 35 patients who attended used prostheses, and average walk-test time was 18 seconds. Use of painkillers declined during the period. Advanced age, transfemoral amputation and substance abuse were associated with longer walk-test time at the three-month check-up.INTERPRETATION Most patients achieved a good level of function, and the therapy appears to be functioning satisfactorily.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Amputation', 'Analgesics', 'Artificial Limbs', 'Cohort Studies', 'Critical Pathways', 'Disarticulation', 'Female', 'Femur', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Norway', 'Patient Care Team', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Prospective Studies', 'Recovery of Function', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tibia', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 28,468,477
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.080'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['E07.695.050', 'E07.858.082.050', 'E07.858.442.050'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N04.590.233.624.625', 'N04.590.275'], ['E04.555.080.250'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['N04.590.715'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['G16.757'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Establishment of an allo-transplantable hamster cholangiocarcinoma cell line and its application for in vivo screening of anti-cancer drugs.
|
Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) is a well-known causative agent of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in humans. CCA is very resistant to chemotherapy and is frequently fatal. To understand the pathogenesis of CCA in humans, a rodent model was developed. However, the development of CCA in rodents is time-consuming and the xenograft-transplantation model of human CCA in immunodeficient mice is costly. Therefore, the establishment of an in vivo screening model for O. viverrini-associated CCA treatment was of interest. We developed a hamster CCA cell line, Ham-1, derived from the CCA tissue of O. viverrini-infected and N-nitrosodimethylamine-treated Syrian golden hamsters. Ham-1 has been maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum for more than 30 subcultures. These cells are mostly diploid (2n=44) with some being polyploid. Tumorigenic properties of Ham-1 were demonstrated by allograft transplantation in hamsters. The transplanted tissues were highly proliferative and exhibited a glandular-like structure retaining a bile duct marker, cytokeratin 19. The usefulness of this for in vivo model was demonstrated by berberine treatment, a traditional medicine that is active against various cancers. Growth inhibitory effects of berberine, mainly by an induction of G1 cell cycle arrest, were observed in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we developed the allo-transplantable hamster CCA cell line, which can be used for chemotherapeutic drug testing in vitro and in vivo.
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['Allografts', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Berberine', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Transplantation', 'Cholangiocarcinoma', 'Cricetinae', 'Culture Media', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Male', 'Mesocricetus']
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[['A01.941.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D03.132.098.057.100', 'D03.633.400.168.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E02.095.147.500', 'E04.936.225'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500']]
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['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
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